{"id":4382,"date":"2021-07-05T06:25:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T06:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=4382"},"modified":"2021-08-11T14:15:19","modified_gmt":"2021-08-11T14:15:19","slug":"volume-v-issue-vi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-v-issue-vi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue VI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4382\" class=\"elementor elementor-4382 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96db247 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96db247\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96db61e\" data-id=\"96db61e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96db797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96db797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201cSpare the Rod, Spoil the Child\u201d: The Ban of Corporal Punishment Fueling Indiscipline among Students<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Eric Twum Ampofo &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 01-07<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96db865 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96db865\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96dba10\" data-id=\"96dba10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dbb5c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96dbb5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Ghana is a signatory to all International and Regional Conventions and Declarations which protect the child from abuse, meanness and callous treatments. To institutionalize child rights, Ghana through the Ghana Education Service and the Ministry of Education enacted legislations which prohibited the use of corporal punishment in all first and second cycle institutions. However, upon its implementation, there has been an upsurge of students\u2019 unrest in first and second cycle schools in the country. This has become a major source of worry to key stakeholders in education including school heads, school administrators, teachers, parents and even some students. This indeed has ignited the need to explore how the ban of corporal punishment has fueled indiscipline among students. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population was 5089 comprising eight schools in the Sekyere South and Sekyere Central Districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A sample of 975 students, assistant headmasters (domestic), teachers and guidance and counselling coordinators was arrived via mixed sampling techniques. The study established that the ban of corporal punishment in senior high schools in Ghana has fueled indiscipline acts among students. Also, the study found that there are lots of negative consequences such as vandalism and cheating in exams due to the ban of corporal punishment in schools. Again, the study ascertained that teachers have a negative attitude unlike students who showed a positive attitude towards the ban of corporal punishment. The study therefore submits that to effectively resolve indiscipline problems in schools, the Ministry of Education and the Ghana Education Service must involve relevant stakeholders such as head teachers, teachers, students and parents on alternative disciplinary measures that can effectively deal with indiscipline acts in schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-07\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Eric Twum Ampofo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Department of Educational Studies, College of Agriculture Education, Mampong-Ashanti, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana-West Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ali, N. M. (2019). Parental use of and attitude towards corporal punishment in Dessie, Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation).\r\n[2] Amemiya, J., Fine, A., &amp; Wang, M. T. (2020). Trust and discipline: Adolescents\u2019 institutional and teacher trust predict classroom behavioural engagement following teacher discipline. Child development, 91(2), 661-678.\r\n[3] Burlaka, V., Hong, J. S., Churakova, I., Serdiuk, O., Proskura, V., &amp; Shvets, D. (2020). The role of adverse childhood experiences and corporal punishment in early adulthood depression and substance use among Ukrainian college students. Journal of family violence, 35(3), 285-295.\r\n[4] Bekoe, S.O.O. (2006). Assessment and curriculum goals and objectives: Evaluation of the systematic impact of the senior secondary school certificate examination (SSCE) on senior secondary school social studies curriculum in Ghana. An unpublished doctoral dissertation.\r\n[5] Bloomberg, L. D., &amp; Volpe, M. (2008). Presenting methodology and research approach. Completing your qualitative dissertation: A roadmap from beginning to end, 65-93.\r\n[6] Clabough, J. C. (2012). Educators\u2019 perceptions about the uses of primary sources in social studies classroom.\r\n[7] Dery, I. (2019). \u201cGive her a slap or two&#8230; she might change\u201d: Negotiating masculinities through intimate partner violence among rural Ghanaian men. Journal of interpersonal violence, 0886260519869066.\r\n[8] Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., &amp; Borge, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8thed.).Boston, MA: Allyn&amp; Bacon.\r\n[9] Glaser, C. (2019). Nostalgia for a beating: discipline, generational authority and corporal punishment at a Soweto High School, c. 1960\u20132000. History of Education, 48(3), 395-409.\r\n[10] Gudyanga, E., Mbengo, F., &amp; Wadesango, N. (2014). Corporal punishment in schools: Issues and challenges. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(9), 493-493.\r\n[11] Kosgei, J. R. (2020). Effect of students\u2019 discipline on their academic performance in public secondary schools in Vihiga Sub-County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).\r\n[12] Kothari, C. R. (2004). \u201cResearch methodology and techniques\u201d (2nded.). New Delhi: Age International Limited.\r\n[13] Lawer, R. A. (2019). Teachers and students\u2019 attitudes towards the abolition of caning in Ghanaian schools: A Case of Fodoa community Senior High School (Doctoral Dissertation, School Of Graduate Studies, University Of Education, Winneba).\r\n[14] Lowanshi, M. (2019). Study of Effect of Punishment on Students&#8217; Academic Achievement in Schools. Techno Learn, 9(1), 17-24.\r\n[15] Maree, K. (2004). Theoretical approaches in psychology. Keys to educational psychology, 387-411.\r\n[16] McClure, T. E., &amp; May, D. C. (2008). Dealing with misbehavior at schools in Kentucky: Theoretical and contextual predictors of use of corporal punishment. Youth &amp; Society, 39(3), 406-429.\r\n[17] Mulenga, P. H. (2019). The effects of abolishing corporal punishment on the learner\u2019s discipline there by discussing its alternative modes (Doctoral dissertation, Cavendish University).\r\n[18] Musa, M., &amp; Martha, A. A. (2020). School management mechanisms and control of discipline among pupils in primary schools: An Analysis of Discipline in Upper Primary Level. Anatolian Journal of Education, 5(1), 1-16.\r\n[19] Noltemeyer, A., Palmer, K., James, A. G., &amp; Petrasek, M. (2019). Disciplinary and achievement outcomes associated with school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports implementation level. School Psychology Review, 48(1), 81-87.\r\n[20] Ofori, K. N. (2019). Growing Acts of Indiscipline in Ghanaian Schools: Perception of Students and Teachers at Abuakwa South Municipality.\r\n[21] Oord, T. J. (2019). God Can&#8217;t: How to Believe in God and Love After Tragedy, Abuse, and Other Evils. SacraSage Press.\r\n[22] Orodho, J. A. (2005). Elements of education and social science research methods. Nairobi.\r\n[23] Porteus, K., Vally, S., &amp; Ruth, T. (2001). Alternatives to Corporal Punishment: Growing discipline and respect in our classrooms. Heinemann.\r\n[24] Seisa, R. E. (2020). Learners\u2019 perceptions about the causes of bullying at secondary schools in Lesotho and how it can be controlled (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Education, National University of Lesotho).\r\n[25] Springer, S. (2010). Cambodia&#8217;s neoliberal order: Violence, authoritarianism, and the contestation of public space (Vol. 8). Routledge.\r\n[26] Tadele, M. (2020). The management of students&#8217; discipline in government secondary schools in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State (Doctoral Dissertation).\r\n[27] Tiwari, A. (2019). The corporal punishment ban in schools: Teachers\u2019 attitudes and classroom practices. Educational Studies, 45(3), 271-284.\r\n[28] Varadan, S. (2019). The Principle of Evolving Capacities under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The International Journal of Children&#8217;s Rights, 27(2), 306-338.\r\n[29] Wolkins, R. D. (2020). The Operationalization and measurement of childhood physical abuse: An Examination of the Relationship of Researcher and Subjective Definitions of Childhood Physical Abuse and Adult Psychopathology (Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate University).\r\n[30] Yeboah, G., Dabone, K. T., &amp; Mensah, G. A. (2020). Practice of Behaviour Modification Techniques by Pre-Service Teacher Interns of Colleges of Education in Ghana. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(10), 245.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eric Twum Ampofo &#8220;\u201cSpare the Rod, Spoil the Child\u201d: The Ban of Corporal Punishment Fueling Indiscipline among Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.01-07 June 2021\u00a0URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/01-07.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/01-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/spare-the-rod-spoil-the-child-the-ban-of-corporal-punishment-fueling-indiscipline-among-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cSpare the Rod, Spoil the Child\u201d: The Ban of Corporal Punishment Fueling Indiscipline among Students<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dca2f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96dca2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dcfd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dcfd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96dd18f\" data-id=\"96dd18f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dd2d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96dd2d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dd38c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dd38c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96dd4f1\" data-id=\"96dd4f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dd617 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96dd617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dd6ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dd6ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96dd81e\" data-id=\"96dd81e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dd936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96dd936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dd9e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dd9e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ddb59\" data-id=\"96ddb59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ddc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ddc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Internal Audit Practices On Aggregate Fiscal Discipline of Government Organisations in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Isoboye Jacob Damieibi (PhD) &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 08-28<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ddd14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ddd14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ddee7\" data-id=\"96ddee7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96de076 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96de076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined the effect of internal audit practices on aggregate fiscal discipline of government organizations in Nigeria. The study achieved these specific objectives and more: determination of the effect of risk assessment on aggregate fiscal discipline of public expenditure management. The population of the study consist of 350 staff in the five surveyed government organizations in Nigeria. The study through the use of Monkey Survey, sampled 310 respondents from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and validly used 310 respondents representing 89% response rate for data analysis. Risk assessment, Asset safeguard and Auditor\u2019s independence were used as the dimensions of internal audit practices in this study. The study used Aggregate fiscal discipline as both dependent and measurable variable. The study used a questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents. The study applied descriptive and inferential statistical tools to analyze the data and test the hypotheses with the help of SPSS 22.0. The study found that risk assessment has significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline; asset safeguard has significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline and auditors\u2019 independence has no significant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline. The study concludes that the use of internal audit instills aggregate fiscal discipline in government organizations\u2019 staff. As government organizations apply asset safeguard it translates to positive and insignificant effect on aggregate fiscal discipline of government organizations. The study therefore recommends that government organizations\u2019 staff should update their knowledge with respect to internal audit practices. Government organizations should encourage auditor independence in order to boost aggregate fiscal discipline in public sector organizations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 08-28\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Isoboye Jacob Damieibi (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCaptain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abba, M., &amp; Kakanda, M. 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The development of internal audit in Saudi Arabia: An institutional theory perspective. Critical perspective on Accounting, 14, 507\u2013 531.\r\n[17] Alzeban, A. (2015). Influence of audit committees on internal audit conformance with internal audit standards. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(6\/7),539-559.\r\n[18] Ama, G. (2009). Fundamental of public sector accounting and finance, (2nd Edition). Whyteem prints\r\n[19] Amans, P., Mazars-Chapelon, A., &amp; Villes\u00e8que-Dubus, F. (2015). Budgeting in institutional complexity: The case of performing arts organizations. Management Accounting Research, 27, 47-66.\r\n[20] Amudo, A &amp; Inanga, E. L. (2009). Evaluation of budgetary control systems: a case study from Uganda. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 3, 124-144.\r\n[21] ANAO (2014). Better practice guide &#8211; public sector governance: strengthening performance through good governance. Australian National Audit Office.\r\n[22] Anderson, S. W., Christ, M. H., Dekker, H. C., &amp; Sedatole, K. L. (2014). The use of management controls to mitigate risk in strategic alliances: Field and survey evidence. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 26, 1-32.\r\n[23] Arena, M.&amp; Azzone, G. (2009). Identifying organizational drivers of internal audit effectiveness. International Journal of Auditing, 13, 43\u2013 60.\r\n[24] Arnold, M. C., &amp; Artz, M. (2015). Target difficulty, target flexibility, and firm performance: Evidence from business units\u2019 targets. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 40, 61-77.\r\n[25] Arnold, M. C., &amp; Gillenkirch, R. M. (2015). Using negotiated budgets for planning and performance evaluation: An experimental study. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 43, 1-16.\r\n[26] Asaolu, T. O., Oyesanmi O., Oladele, P. O., &amp; Oladoyin, A. M. (2005). privatization and commercialization in Nigeria: implications and prospects for public expenditure management. South African Journal of Business Management, 36(3), 65 \u201374.\r\n[27] Asawo, S. P. (2016). Advanced social research methodology. CIMRAT.\r\n[28] Asiedu, K.f. &amp; Deffor, E.W. (2017). Fighting corruption by means of effective internal audit function: Evidence from the Ghanaian Public Sector. International Journal of Auditing, 21: 82\u201399.\r\n[29] Awdat, A. A. (2015). The impact of the internal audit function to improve the financial performance of commercial banks in Jordan. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6 (3), 217- 225.\r\n[30] Babatunde, S.A. (2013). Stakeholders perception on the effectiveness of internal control system on financial accountability in the Nigerian Public Sector. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(1)6 \u201333 www.ijbmi.org.\r\n[31] Badara, S, M. (2012). The role of internal auditors in ensuring effective financial control at local government level: The case of Alkaleri L.G.A., Bauchi State. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(4), 1-10.\r\n[32] Bahrawe, S.H., Haron, H. &amp; Hasan, A. N.(2016). Corporate governance and auditor independence in Saudi Arabia: Literature review and proposed conceptual framework. International Business Research; 9 (11), 149-175.\r\n[33] Barasa, K. S. (2015). Statistical analysis of the role of internal audit in promoting public expenditure management in public institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Investment and Management, 4(1), 38-46.\r\n[34] Bartle, J. R., &amp; Ma, J. (2004). Managing financial transactions efficiently: A transaction cost model of public financial management. In A. Khan &amp; W. B. Hildreth (Eds.), Financial Management Theory in the Public Sector (1 &#8211; 23). Westport: Praeger Publishers.\r\n[35] Basiru, S.K., &amp; Nur Ashikin, M.S. (2015). Audit committee attributes and firm performance: evidence from Malaysian finance companies. Asian Review of Accounting, 23\r\n[36] Bedford, D. S. (2015). 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Public expenditure and financial accountability (PEFA): public Financial management &#8211; performance measurement framework (English). Washington DC: World Bank. http:\/\/documents.worldbank. org\/curated\/en\/217821468325188878\/Public-expenditure-and-financial-accountability-PEFA-public-financial-management-performance-measurement-frame work.\r\n[147] World Bank. (2017). World Development Report: Governance and the Law. Washington, DC. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream \/handle\/10986\/&#8230;\/9781464809507..\r\n[148] World Bank (2017). Fiscal consolidation to accelerate growth and support inclusive development: Ghana public expenditure review. Retrieved from documents. worldbank.org.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Isoboye Jacob Damieibi (PhD) &#8220;Effect of Internal Audit Practices On Aggregate Fiscal Discipline of Government Organisations in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.08-28 June 2021\u00a0 DOI : https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5206<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/08-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-internal-audit-practices-on-aggregate-fiscal-discipline-of-government-organisations-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Internal Audit Practices On Aggregate Fiscal Discipline of Government Organisations in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96df029 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96df029\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96df110 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96df110\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96df298\" data-id=\"96df298\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96df3b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96df3b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96df45d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96df45d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96df5bd\" data-id=\"96df5bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96df6e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96df6e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96df78c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96df78c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96df8df\" data-id=\"96df8df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dfaec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96dfaec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dfbc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dfbc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96dfd5e\" data-id=\"96dfd5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96dfe89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96dfe89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Affect on Second Language Learning: A Mixed Methods Case Study<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Charuhasini Wathuge- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 29-38<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96dff2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96dff2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e00c2\" data-id=\"96e00c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e0225 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96e0225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Affect includes every aspect related to feelings, emotions, moods, sensations etc. that people encounter in their lives. University students experience a rich variety of such feelings, emotions, moods and sensations in academic settings. They are also frequently subjected to emotional upheaval due to various reasons, specifically within the initial phase of their university life. Emotions experienced by students in academic settings are believed to play a major role in their academic success and achievement. However, the attention given to the role of emotions in educational settings, particularly in Second Language (L2) learning is seemingly at a low level. Therefore, the study explored the impact of academic emotions on L2 learning with a special focus on first year Undergraduate Officer Cadets studying in a defence university in Sri Lanka. This investigation took the form of a case study that subsumes a mixed methods research design. Both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather, analyse and interpret data were integrated at each stage of the study to avoid inherent biases and limitations of using only one method. Results suggested that especially during the first year, the students frequently encounter many adjustment problems due to the nature of their training, language issues and personal attributes. What appeared to be impacted mostly on real learning in this context was intrinsic motivation. Though manifestation of positive emotions inside the classroom was found to have a positive impact on students\u2019 performance, it was exposed that in educational settings where rigorous physical training is a necessity, the will power and determination gained through the experience of negative emotions seemed to assist the students to perform better in classroom activities, presentations and at exams than the impact made by the experience of positive emotions. It is therefore, recommended the university staff members to intervene in assisting the undergraduates in coping with their emotional struggles only in the right place and at the right time, as enough room should be given to the students to learn from their own affective experiences.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 29-38\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5601<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charuhasini Wathuge<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Arnold, J. (2009). Affect in L2 learning and teaching. Elia, 9(2009), 145-151.\r\n[2] Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., &amp; Masia, B. B. (1973). Affective Domain. McKay.\r\n[3] Wetherell, M. (2013a). Feeling rules, atmospheres and affective practice: Some reflections on the analysis of emotional episodes. In Privilege, agency and affect (pp. 221-239). Palgrave Macmillan, London.\r\n[4] Wetherell, M. (2013b). Affect and discourse\u2013What\u2019s the problem? From affect as excess to affective\/discursive practice. Subjectivity, 6(4), 349-368.\r\n[5] Baltazar, M., &amp; Saarikallio, S. (2016). Toward a better understanding and conceptualization of affect self-regulation through music: A critical, integrative literature review. Psychology of Music, 44(6), 1500-1521.\r\n[6] Potts, R., Morse, M., Felleman, E., &amp; Masters, J. C. (1986). Children&#8217;s emotions and memory for affective narrative content. Motivation and Emotion, 10(1), 39-57.\r\n[7] Lay, K. L., Waters, E., &amp; Park, K. A. 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Oxford, UK: Elsevier.\r\n[18] Balakrishnar, J., &amp; Thaiyamuthu, T. (2011). Instruction in the English medium: A Sri Lankan case study. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.langdevconferences.org\/publications\/2011-Colombo SriLanka\/13-LanguageandSocialCohesion-Chapter13.pdf.\r\n[19] Jayasuriya, J. E. (1969). Education in Ceylon before and after Independence: 1939-1968. Associated Educational Publishers.\r\n[20] Navaz, A.M.M. (2016). Challenges Faced by Students in English Medium Undergraduate Classes: An Experience of a Young University in Sri Lanka. Journal of Arts, Science &amp; Commerce. doi : 10.18843\/rwjasc\/v7i4(1)\/19.\r\n[21] Flowerdew, J. &amp; Miller, L. (1992). Student perceptions, problems and strategies in second language lecture comprehension. RELC Journal 23(2): 60\u201380.\r\n[22] Pancer, S. M., Hunsberger, B., Pratt, M. W., &amp; Alisat, S. (2000). Cognitive complexity of expectations and adjustment to university in the first year. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 38-57.\r\n[23] Hinton, C., Miyamoto, K., &amp; Della\u2010Chiesa, B. (2008). Brain Research, Learning and Emotions: implications for education research, policy and practice 1. European Journal of education, 43(1), 87-103.\r\n[24] Kusche, C. A., &amp; Greenberg, L. S. (1994). The PATHS curriculum: Promoting alternative thinking strategies. Seattle, WA: Developmental Research and Programs.\r\n[25] Randler, C., Hummel, E., Glaser-Zikuda, M., Vollmer, C., Bogner, F. X., &amp; Mayring, P. (2011). Reliability and Validation of a Short Scale to Measure Situational Emotions in Science Education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 6(4), 359-370.\r\n[26] Hussain, S.N. (2015). An investigation of the factors that cause language anxiety in ESL\/EFL learners while acquiring speaking skills. (master\u2019s thesis). Postgraduate Institute of English, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka.\r\n[27] Pereira, S.S. (2015). Impact of language anxiety on learner performance among undergraduates. Proceedings of the annual research symposium, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.\r\n[28] Peiris, A.E. (2017). Group activities as a remedy for speaking anxiety, The role of English and ELT in reconciliation: Proceedings of the 9th international conference of slelta, National Institute of Education, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.\r\n[29] Levitz, R., &amp; Noel, L. (1989). Connecting students to institutions: Keys to retention and success. The freshman year experience: Helping students survive and succeed in college, 6581.\r\n[30] Yin, R. K. (2011). Applications of case study research. Sage.\r\n[31] Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., &amp; Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 11(3), 255-274.\r\n[32] Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550.\r\n[33] Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of agricultural research, 20(7), 557-585. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ssc. wisc. edu\/soc\/class\/soc952\/Wright\/Wright _Correlation %20and% 20 Causation.pdf.\r\n[34] Gardner, R. C. (1999). Correlation, Causation, Motivation, and Second Language Acquisition, 10-24.\r\n[35] Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(1), 25-41.\r\n[36] Pishghadam, R., Zabetipour, M., &amp; Aminzade, A. (2016). Examining emotions in English language learning classes: A case of EFL emotions. Issues in Educational Research, 26(3), 508-527.\r\n[37] Henter, R. (2014). Affective factors involved in learning a foreign language. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 373-378.\r\n[38] Siro\u010di\u0107, J. (2014). Language anxiety and willingness to communicate in young EFL learners (Doctoral dissertation).\r\n[39] Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., &amp; Lent, R. W. (1991). Relation of self efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.\r\n[40] Chemers, M. M., Hu, L. T., &amp; Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational psychology, 93(1), 55.\r\n[41] Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational psychology review, 18(4), 315-341.\r\n[42] Julia, M., &amp; Veni, B. (2012). An analysis of the factors affecting students\u2019 adjustment at a university in Zimbabwe. International Education Studies, 5(6), 244.\r\n[43] Hume, D. (2012). Emotions and moods. Organizational behavior,pp.258-297. Retrieved from https:\/\/catalogue. pearsoned. co.uk\/ sample chapter\/0132431564.pdf.\r\n[44] Hascher, T., 2010. Learning and Emotion: perspectives for theory and research. European Educational Research Journal, 9(1), pp.13-28. Retrieved from http:\/\/journals.sagepub .com\/doi\/pdf\/10.2304\/eerj.2010.9.1.13.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Charuhasini Wathuge &#8220;The Impact of Affect on Second Language Learning: A Mixed Methods Case Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.29-38 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5601<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-affect-on-second-language-learning-a-mixed-methods-case-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Impact of Affect on Second Language Learning: A Mixed Methods Case Study<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e10cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96e10cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e1326\" data-id=\"96e1326\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e144f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e144f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e14fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e14fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e1b28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e1c75\" data-id=\"96e1c75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e1d90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e1d90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e1e33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e1e33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e1f88\" data-id=\"96e1f88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e2096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e2096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e214e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e214e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e229f\" data-id=\"96e229f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e23b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e23b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e244c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e244c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e27ab\" data-id=\"96e27ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e28f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e28f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legal Protection for Debtors in Standard Contracts Related To the Application of the &#8220;Cross Default&#8221; Clause in Credit<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ferry Anka- June 2021 Page No.: 39-42<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e29a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e29a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e2b0f\" data-id=\"96e2b0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e2c32 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96e2c32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Efforts for stolen asset recovery as a result of criminal acts of corruption are always not an easy task. This is because the corruption offenders have many broad access and they are difficult to reach in terms of hiding or money laundering. Stolen assets recovery from corruption are increasingly difficult to do because the so called save haven has crossed the country\u2019s territorial boundaries and as an organized crime, even corruption often involves corporations as the perpetrator. Method research used normative legal model. Sources of data in this study were secondary data. The data was collected by using literature study and interviews, while the data analysis technique used was qualitative normative methods. The result of this research is that arrangement and position of state attorneys in efforts to recover state assets due to criminal acts of corruption play a very important role. Prosecutors as state lawyers have a role to enforce the law by filing a lawsuit or petition to the Court in the civil field as stipulated by statutory regulations in order to maintain legal order, and protect the interests of the country and government as well as the civil rights of the people.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 39-42\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ferry Anka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDoctor of Law Program, Universitas Jayabaya, Jakarta-Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] A. K. Suud, \u201cOptimization Of The Role Of Asset Recovery Center (Ppa) Of The Attorney-General\u2019s Office Of The Republic Of Indonesia In Asset Recovery Of Corruption Crime Results,\u201d J. Huk. dan Peradil., vol. 9, no. 2, 2020.\r\n[2] M. I. Sihite; and M. Mustofa, \u201cAsset recovery policy strategy of corruption proceeds placed abroad within the perspective of the state as a victim,\u201d Tech. Soc. Sci. J., vol. 19, pp. 15\u201338, 2021.\r\n[3] R. Amrullah and R. Natamiharja, \u201cAsset Recovery in the Criminal Act of Corruption in ASEAN,\u201d Simbur Cahaya, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 43\u201360, 2020.\r\n[4] L. Gray, K. Hansen, P. Recica-Kirkbride, and L. Mills, Few and Far: The Hard Facts on Stolen Asset Recovery. 2014.\r\n[5] K. Ekayana, \u201cReturns Of Assets In Corruption Criminal Acts As Alternative Restoring State Losses,\u201d J. Media Komun. Pendidik. Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, vol. 2, no. 1, 2020.\r\n[6] D. U. Enweremadu, \u201cNigeria\u2019s quest to recover looted assets: The Abacha affair,\u201d Africa Spectr., vol. 48, no. 2, 2013.\r\n[7] T. T. Tutik, \u201cIlmu Hukum: Hakekat Keilmuannya Ditinjau Dari Sudut Filsafat Ilmu Dan Teori Ilmu Hukum,\u201d J. Huk. Pembang., 2014.\r\n[8] H. Yogi Prabowo, \u201cTo be corrupt or not to be corrupt: Understanding the behavioral side of corruption in Indonesia,\u201d J. Money Laund. Control, vol. 17, no. 3, 2014.\r\n[9] J.-P. Brun, A. Sotiropoulou, L. Gray, C. Scott, and K. Stephenson, Asset Recovery Handbook. 2020.\r\n[10] F. Hamamah and H. H. Bahtiar, \u201cModel Pengembalian Aset (Asset Recovery) Sebagai Alternatif Memulihkan Kerugian Negara Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi,\u201d J. Kaji. Huk. Islam, vol. 4, no. 2, 2019.\r\n[11] H. Haswandi, \u201cPengembalian Aset Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pelaku Dan Ahli Warisnya Menurut Sistem Hukum Indonesia Dalam Mewujudkan Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan,\u201d Litigasi, vol. 16, no. 2, 2016.\r\n[12] K. Kusnadi, \u201cKebijakan Formulasi Ketentuan Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi,\u201d Corruptio, vol. 1, no. 2, 2020.\r\n[13] A. B. ibrahim Fasini, \u201cKendala Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi Transnasional,\u201d J. BPPK Badan Pendidik. dan Pelatih. Keuang., vol. 11, no. 1, 2018.\r\n[14] I. G. K. ARIAWAN, \u201cStolen Asset Recovery Initiative, Suatu Harapan Dalam Pengembalian Aset Negara,\u201d Kertha Patrika, 1970\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ferry Anka, &#8220;Legal Protection for Debtors in Standard Contracts Related To the Application of the &#8220;Cross Default&#8221; Clause in Credit&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.39-42 June 2021\u00a0 https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/39-42.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/39-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-protection-for-debtors-in-standard-contracts-related-to-the-application-of-the-cross-default-clause-in-credit-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legal Protection for Debtors in Standard Contracts Related To the Application of the &#8220;Cross Default&#8221; Clause in Credit<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e4a0c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96e4a0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e4b2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e4b2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e4cd8\" data-id=\"96e4cd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e4e1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e4e1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e4ec9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e4ec9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e502c\" data-id=\"96e502c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e5156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e5156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e5206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e5206\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e5365\" data-id=\"96e5365\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e5482 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e5482\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e5533 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e5533\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e56a1\" data-id=\"96e56a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e57c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e57c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e5866 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e5866\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e59fc\" data-id=\"96e59fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e5b17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e5b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ascertaining the Optimal Population Growth Threshold for Nigeria\u2019s Economic Development<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Supper Roland Okijie, Ubong Edem Effiong &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 43-50<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e5bc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e5bc8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e5d53\" data-id=\"96e5d53\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e5e97 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96e5e97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper sought to study the demographic dynamics in the Nigerian economy as it affects the development process of the country. The study specifically investigated the determining factors of population growth in Nigeria, along with the effect of infant mortality on fertility rate. The study employed the ordinary least squares regression and threshold regression analysis in achieving the set objectives. The data for the study were obtained from World Development Indicators and they covered the period of 1970 to 2017. The result of the study revealed that the determining factors of population growth in Nigeria are crude birth rate and infant mortality rate. Also, a positive and significant effect of infant mortality on fertility rate was observed. The optimal threshold of crude birth rate was obtained to be 41.62%, while the optimal population growth level that is sustainable for economic development was estimated to be 2.50%. The paper concluded that there is need to maintain an optimal population growth that will be consistent with the available resources is sustainable economic development is to be achieved.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 43-50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Supper Roland Okijie<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa, Ibom State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ubong Edem Effiong<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Banerjee, R. (2012). Population growth and endogenous technological change: Australian economic growth in the long run. Economic Record, 88, 214 \u2013 228.\r\n[2] Becker, G. S., Laeser, E. L., &amp; Murphy, K. M. (1999, May). Population and economic growth. American Economic Review, 89(2), 145 \u2013 149.\r\n[3] Bloom, D. E., &amp; Canning, D. (2004). Global demographic change: Dimensions and economic significance (NBER Working Paper No. 10817). Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research.\r\n[4] Boserup, E. (1965). The conditions of agricultural growth: The economics of agrarian change under population pressure. Chicago, IL: Aldine.\r\n[5] Bucci, A. (2015). Product proliferation, population, and economic growth. Journal of Human Capital, 9, 170 \u2013 197.\r\n[6] Doepke M. (2005). Child mortality and fertility decline: Does the Barro-Becker model fit the facts? Journal of Population Economics, 18(2), 337\u2013366.\r\n[7] Effiong, U. E. (2019). An analysis of the Malthusian population theory and its prevalence in the Nigerian society. International Journal of Management Studies, Business &amp; Entrepreneurship Research, 4(2), 8 \u2013 25.\r\n[8] Ehrlich, P. (1968). The population bomb. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.\r\n[9] Fern\u00e1ndez-Villaverde J. (2001). Was Malthus right? Economic growth and population dynamics. Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.\r\n[10] Galor, O. (2012). The Demographic Transition: Causes and Consequences. Cliometrica (Berl), 6(1), 1\u201328. doi:10.1007\/s11698-011-0062-7\r\n[11] Heady, D. D., &amp; Hodge, A. (2009). The effect of population growth on economic growth: A meta-regression analysis of the macroeconomic literature. Population and Development Review, 35, 221 \u2013 248.\r\n[12] Huang, T., &amp; Xie, Z. (2013). Population and economic growth: A simultaneous equation perspective. Applied Economics, 45, 3820 \u2013 3826.\r\n[13] Kalemli-Ozcan S (2002) Does the mortality decline promote economic growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 7(4), 411\u2013439.\r\n[14] Kelley, A. C., &amp; Schmidt, R. M. (2001). Economic and demographic change: A synthesis of models, findings and perspectives.In N. Birdsall, A. C. Kelley, &amp; S. W. Sinding (Eds.), Population matters: Demographic change, economic growth, and poverty in the developing world (pp. 67 \u2013 105). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.\r\n[15] Kumar, M. (2021). Population growth and economic development: A close view. https:\/\/www.economicsdiscussion.net\/economic-development\/population-growth-and-economic-development-a-close-view\/11808\r\n[16] Malthus, T. R. (1798). An essay on the principles of population. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[17] Mierau, J. O., &amp; Turnovsky, S. J. (2014). Demography, growth and inequality. Economic Theory, 55, 29 \u2013 68.\r\n[18] Murphy, T. E. (2009). Technical report. MIMEO; Old habits die hard (Sometimes): What cand\u00e9partement heterogeneity tell us about the French fertility decline?\r\n[19] Peterson, E. W. F. (2017). The role of population in economic growth. SAGE (October \u2013 December), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244017736094\r\n[20] Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.\r\n[21] Ranganathan, S., Swain, R. B. &amp; Sumpter, D. J. T. (2015). The demographic transition and economic growth: implications for development policy. Palgrave Communications, 1 \u2013 7. DOI: 10.1057\/palcomms.2015.33.www.palgrave-journals.com\/palcomms\r\n[22] Sethy, S. K., &amp; Sahoo, H. (2015). Investigating the relationship between population and economic growth: An analytical study of India. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 14, 269 \u2013 288.\r\n[23] Simon, J. L. (1981). The ultimate resource. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.\r\n[24] Social Science (2021). Demographic transition theory. LibreTexts. Available at https:\/\/socialsci.libretexts.org\r\n[25] Tumwebaze, H. K., &amp; Ijjo, A. T. (2015). Regional economic integration and economic growth in the COMESA region, 1980 \u2013 2010. African Development Review, 27, 67 \u2013 77.\r\n[26] Thuku, G. K., Gachanja, P. &amp; Almadi, O. (2013). The impact of population change on economic growth in Kenya. International Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(6), 43 \u2013 60.\r\n[27] United Nations (2008). United Nations Population Fund.\r\n[28] World Bank (1984). World Development Report.\r\n[29] Yao, W., Kinugasa, T., &amp; Hamori, S. (2013). An empirical analysis of the relationship between economic development and population growth in China. Applied Economics, 45, 4651 \u2013 4661.\r\n[30] Yoo, P. (1994). Boom or bust? The economic effects of the baby boom. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 76(5), 13 \u2013 22.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Supper Roland Okijie, Ubong Edem Effiong &#8220;Ascertaining the Optimal Population Growth Threshold for Nigeria\u2019s Economic Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.43-50 June 2021\u00a0 DOI : https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5206<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/43-50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ascertaining-the-optimal-population-growth-threshold-for-nigerias-economic-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ascertaining the Optimal Population Growth Threshold for Nigeria\u2019s Economic Development<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e6d5d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96e6d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e6e4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e6e4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e6fe4\" data-id=\"96e6fe4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e7126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e7126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e71d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e71d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e7527\" data-id=\"96e7527\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e7675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e7675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e7734 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e7734\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e789f\" data-id=\"96e789f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e79bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e79bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e7a5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e7a5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e7bea\" data-id=\"96e7bea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e7d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e7d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Rethinking Strategic Security: Juxtaposing Kenya&#8217;s Participation in Regional Security with Stability in the Horn of Africa Region<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Abel Holla- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 51-54<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e7db6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e7db6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e7f41\" data-id=\"96e7f41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e806c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96e806c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">As the region&#8217;s leading influence, Kenya is among the few African countries that have enjoyed relative peace since independence. Kenya\u2019s pivotal role in the greater Horn of Africa has been instrumental in improving regional security. The nation\u2019s influence in the areas of intelligence, counterterrorism, and personal protection has immensely contributed to the war on terror through progressive defeat of prominent extremist organizations and terror groups such as the Al-Shabaab. Moreover, Kenya is the leading hub for technological advancement and innovation within the East Africa region, with a vibrant and progressive economy. With its election as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, Kenya has gained enviable status among nations as an instrumental country in world politics and peace making. This status has increased the country&#8217;s position as one that can influence the geopolitics and security situation in greater Horn of Africa region. Thus, Kenya\u2019s capacity to influence and enforce stability in the Horn of Africa has exponentially increased through the years. This article will examine Kenya\u2019s contribution to peace and stability in the Horn of Africa region.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 51-54\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5602<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abel Holla<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChuka University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdi, A. A. (2012). The Impact of Conflicts in the Horn of Africa. A Case Study of Kenya.\r\n[2] Bamidele, S. (2017). Regional Approaches to Crisis Response, the African Union (AU) Intervention in African States: How Viable Is It? India Quarterly., 73(1), 114-128.\r\n[3] Cardoso, N. C. (2016). Regional Security in the Horn of Africa: Conflicts, Agendas and Threats. Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 1(2), 131-165.\r\n[4] Colonel Buluma, G. (2014). Al-Shabaab: The Threat to Kenya and the Horn of Africa.\r\n[5] Coning, C. d. (2017). Peace Enforcement in Africa: Doctrinal Distinctions Between the African Union and United Nations. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(1), 145-160.\r\n[6] Coning, C. d. (2019). Africa and UN Peace Operations: Implications for the Future Role of Regional Organisations. In C. d. Coning, &amp; P. M. (Eds.), United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order. Palgrave Macmillan.\r\n[7] Heally, S. (2011). Seeking peace and security in the Horn of Africa: the contribution of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development. International Affairs, 87(1), 105-120.\r\n[8] Hegre, H., Hultman, L., &amp; Nyg\u00e5rd, H. M. (2018). Evaluating the Conflict-Reducing Effect of UN Peacekeeping Operations. The Journal of Politics, 81(1), 215- 232.\r\n[9] Henneberg, I., &amp; Stapel, S. (2021). Cooperation and Conflict at the Horn of Africa: A New Regional Bloc Betweeen Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia and its Consequences for Eastern Africa. Africa Spectrum, 55(3), 339-350.\r\n[10] Hesse, B. J. (2016). Two Generations, Two Interventions in One of the World\u2019s Most-Failed States: The United States, Kenya and Ethiopia in Somalia. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 51(5), 573-593.\r\n[11] Jansen, S. J. (2013). Al-Shabaab in Somalia. New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[12] Khadiagala, G. (2008). Eastern Africa: Security and the Legacy of Fragility. International Peace Institute.\r\n[13] Lochery, E. (2012). Rendering Differences Visible: The Kenyan State and its Somali Citizens. African Affairs, 615.\r\n[14] Ploch, L., Blanchard, C. M., O&#8217;Rourke, R., Mason, R. C., &amp; King, R. O. (2011). Piracy Off the Horn of Africa. Congressional Research Services.\r\n[15] Swan, J. (2007). U.S. Policy in the Horn of Africa . International Conference on African Development Archives.\r\n[16] Wickstead, M. (2013, May 9). IGAD&#8217;s Role in Stability and Diplomacy in the Horn of Africa . Chatham House.\r\n[17] Witt, A. (2020). Taking Intervention Politics Seriously: Media Debates and the Contestation of African Regional Interventions \u2018from Below\u2019. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 271-288.\r\n[18] Wondemagegnehu, D. Y., &amp; Kebede, D. G. (2017). AMISOM: Charting a New Course for African Union Peace Missions. African Security Review, 26(2), 199-219.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abel Holla &#8221; Rethinking Strategic Security: Juxtaposing Kenya&#8217;s Participation in Regional Security with Stability in the Horn of Africa Region&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.51-54 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5602<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/51-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/rethinking-strategic-security-juxtaposing-kenyas-participation-in-regional-security-with-stability-in-the-horn-of-africa-region\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> Rethinking Strategic Security: Juxtaposing Kenya&#8217;s Participation in Regional Security with Stability in the Horn of Africa Region<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e8f22 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e917c\" data-id=\"96e917c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e92a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e92a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e9348 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e9348\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e94a4\" data-id=\"96e94a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e95b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e95b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e965b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e965b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e97a2\" data-id=\"96e97a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e98c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e98c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e995f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e995f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e9ab6\" data-id=\"96e9ab6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96e9bbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96e9bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96e9c67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96e9c67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e9db4\" data-id=\"96e9db4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ea0fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ea0fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ea1d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ea1d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ea348\" data-id=\"96ea348\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ea475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ea475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ea524 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ea524\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ea6a0\" data-id=\"96ea6a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ea7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ea7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers: the social &#8211; psychological consequences and the need for counselling interventions<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samudra Senarath- June 2021 Page No.: 55-60<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ea866 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ea866\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ea9ef\" data-id=\"96ea9ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96eab1f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96eab1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern in 2019. This study focuses on the impact of coronavirus on women who are mothers, in Sri Lanka. The objectives of the study were to identify the psychological and social effects experienced by mothers during periods of lockdown and to evaluate their life experience in the current context. The study sample consisted of 340 mothers from different geographical areas. They were categorized as Working and House Mothers. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, the Health Cube Survey-Coronavirus 2019 (Stueck 2020) and a self-developed questionnaire about social relationships and related problems. The results of the study showed that Coronavirus has life-threatening implications which have an overall negative impact on the mothers\u2019 psychological wellbeing and social life. Both groups of mothers had negative experiences during the lockdown period, and they reported difficult and different experiences. The Working Mothers reported more difficulties than the House Mothers, since they had to undertake several different roles\/tasks in the home during lockdown, such as childcare, working from home and online learning\/teaching while dealing with turmoil within the family. Both groups reported significant feelings of helplessness, emotional pain and anxiety about the safety of the family. They also experienced feelings of loss with regard to their social relationships and family members, together with feelings of isolation. Both groups of mothers reported significant changes in their lives, including negative emotions of meaninglessness, insecurity, confusion and sadness. However, the House Mothers reported more negative life evaluations than the Working Mothers. They also reported a significant increase in domestic violence during the lockdown period, as compared to the past. Therefore, persons who fall ill with coronavirus and quarantine persons should have access to online counselling and awareness programs to enhance their social and emotional wellbeing and to improve their quality of life. The government and the private sector should invest in resources relating the professionals to offer online or mobile telephone counselling for patients suffering from coronavirus as well as for persons quarantined at home, in order to improve their social and psychological wellbeing.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 55-60\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5603<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samudra Senarath<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Colombo\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Barak, A., &amp; Grohol, J. M. (2011). Current and future trends in Internet-supported mental health interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 29, 155\u2013196. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/ 15228835.2011.616939\r\n[2] British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (2013)\r\n[3] Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., &amp; Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912-920.\r\n[4] Castro, A., Gili, M., Ricci-Cabello, I., Roca, M., Gilbody, S., Perez-Ara, M. \u00c1., McMillan, D. (2020). Effectiveness and adherence of telephone administered psychotherapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 260, 514\u2013526. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 10.1016\/j.jad.2019.09.023\r\n[5] Chaudhury, S. &amp; Samudra, M. (2020) Covid-19 Lockdown and Psychological Effects. Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Vol. 13 Issue 6 November-December 2020\r\n[6] Corsini, R. J., and Wedding, D. (2008). Current Psychotherapies. Belmont, CA: Thomson.\r\n[7] Di Giorgio, E., Di Riso, D., Mioni, G. et al. The interplay between mothers\u2019 and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: an Italian study. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01631-3\r\n[8] Effiong,A.I., Nseobot, I.R., Simen, I.I.,Ette,U., Ahmed, M.S. et al.,(2020). Counselling for Covid-19 patients: Implications for scoail well-being. American Journal of Social and Humanitarian Research, Vol.1 No.3 p1-8\r\n[9] Felix, I. A. M., Ilanit Hasson-O., &amp; Giancarlo, D. (2020). Psychological intervention and COVID19: What we know so far and what we can do. Psychological Interventions and the Covid-19 Pandemic, 1-21. DOI: 10.31234\/osf.io\/8svfa\r\n[10] Hadjicharalambous, D., Athanasiadi, D.C., Dimitrion, L. (2020) the Impact of the Covid-19 Social Isolation Measures on the Resilience and Quality of life of working Mothers. Social Education Research. Vol.2 Issue 1 p.41-51. http:\/\/ojis.wiserpub.com\/index.php\/SER.\r\n[11] Kline, M., &amp; Snow, D. (1994). Effects of a worksite coping skills intervention on the stress, social support, and health outcomes of working mothers. Journal of Primary Prevention, 15(2), 105-121.\r\n[12] Liu,J.J., Bao Y, Huang, X, Shi, J, Lu,L. (2020) Mental health consideration for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolescents Health 4 (5) p. 347-349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642 (20)30096-1\r\n[13] Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xiang, Y. T., Liu, Z., Hu, S., &amp; Zhang, B. (2020). Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e17\u2013e18. http:\/\/dx.doi .org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30077-8\r\n[14] Meleis, A. I., &amp; Stevens, P. E. (1992). Women in clerical jobs: Spousal role satisfaction, stress, and coping. Women &amp; Health, 18(1), 23-40.\r\n[15] Murphy, A. (2020). The Five Emotional Stages of Lockdown and how to cope with each one in the Face of COVID 19 So which one are you in? Daily Mail Australia; 6 April, 2010. Retrieved on 5th December, 2020 from: https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/femail\/article-8190399\/The-five emotional-stages-coronavirus-lockdown-impact-mental-health. html.\r\n[16] Noor, N. (1999). Roles and women\u2019s well-being: Some preliminary findings from Malaysia. Sex Roles, 41(3-4), 123- 145\r\n[17] Pierce, B. S., Perrin, P. B., &amp; McDonald, S. D. (2020). Demographic, organizational, and clinical practice predictors of U.S. psychologists\u2019 use of telepsychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 51, 184\u2013193. http:\/\/dx.doi .org\/10.1037\/pro0000267\r\n[18] Qiu J, Shen B, Zhao M, Wang Z, Xie B, Xu Y. A nationwide survey of psychological distress 332 among Chinese people in the COVID 19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. Gen. Psychiatry 2020; 33:19 21.\r\n[19] Rossi R, Socci V, Talevi D, Mensi S, Niolu C, Pacitti F, et al. (2020) COVID 19 pandemic and lockdown measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy. An N=18147 web basedsurvey. [Doi: 10.1101\/2020.04.09.20057802].: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.0\r\n[20] Snow, D. L., Swan, S. C., Raghavan, C., Connell, C. M., &amp; Klein, I. (2003). The relationship of work stressors, coping and social support to psychological symptoms among female secretarial employees. Work &amp; Stress, 17(3), 241-263.\r\n[21] Stueck, M. (2020) Health-Cube-Survey-Corona Virus COVID19. Network Bio centric Disaster and Health Management: DPFA\r\n[22] Van Hoof, E. (2020) Lock Down is the World\u2019s Biggest Psychological Experiment and We will Pay the Price. World Economic Forum: 09 ,April,2020, Available from: from:https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/04\/this is the psychological side of the covid 19 pande mic that were ignoring\/..\r\n[23] Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho C.S, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID 19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal Environment Research Public Health 2020; 17: pii: E1729. doi: 10.3390\/ijerph17051729.\r\n[24] World Health Organization (2020) WHO Director-General\u2019s statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). WHO, Geneva\r\n[25] Zhou, X., Snoswell, C. L., Harding, L. E., Bambling, M., Edirippulige, S., Bai, X., &amp; Smith, A. C. (2020). The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health, 26, 377\u2013379. http:\/\/dx.doi .org\/10.1089\/tmj.2020.006\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samudra Senarath, &#8220;Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers: the social &#8211; psychological consequences and the need for counselling interventions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.55-60 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5603<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/55-60.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-mothers-the-social-psychological-consequences-and-the-need-for-counselling-interventions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mothers: the social &#8211; psychological consequences and the need for counselling interventions<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96eb99f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96eb99f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96eba8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ebdea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ebf46\" data-id=\"96ebf46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ec068 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ec068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ec114 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ec114\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ec266\" data-id=\"96ec266\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ec378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ec378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ec417 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ec417\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ec577\" data-id=\"96ec577\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ec684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ec684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ec728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ec728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ec892\" data-id=\"96ec892\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ecbd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ecbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethics and Procurement Performance in State Corporations in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>John Gichuki Kahare, Dennis Chege &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 61-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96eccb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96eccb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ece58\" data-id=\"96ece58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ecfa5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96ecfa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Despite the efforts put in by the government to oversee the introduction of the public procurement and disposal act of 2015 and the integrated financial management system, public institutions have continued to lose public funds through dubious procurement practices. The main aim of his study was to assess the influence that ethical practices have on the procurement performance of Kenyan state corporations with a case study of KenGen. A descriptive research design was used for this study. The population for the study included 381 procurement officers, procurement actuarial, and quantity surveyors at KenGen. Probabilistic sampling through the Yamane formula was used to arrive at a sample of 195 respondents. A questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection administered by the researcher inperson. Data collected was then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Results of the study were presented on tables and interpretation done narratively.The study found that there are bidders present during tenders opening as shown by a mean of 4.14. The study also found a (\u03b2=0.319, t=5.281 and p-value=0.001) between tendering transparency and procurement performance. The study concluded that tendering transparency had a positive and significant influence on procurement performance.The study recommended the continuous publication of tenders, continuous appraisal of tenders by auditors, public participation of bidders during the opening of bids by ensuring that tenders are not tampered with during opening.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 61-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Gichuki Kahare<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Procurement and Logistic, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dennis Chege<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Procurement and Logistic, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amelika, G. (2020). Influence of Compliance with Ethical Procurement Practices on Management of Public Secondary School Resources in Mandera County, Kenya. American Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 132-141. pubs.sciepub.com\/education\/8\/3\/2\/index.html\r\n[2] Amelika, L. (2019). Ethics Problems and Problems with Ethics: Toward a Pro-Management Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(3), 300-309.\r\n[3] Atkinson, T. F. (2020). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214-221.https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1551741118302687\r\n[4] Bernstein, N. (2016). Procurement Performance and Operational Efficiency in Telecommunication Industry in Kenya, Sage. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=http:\/\/erepository.uonbi.ac.ke.\r\n[5] De Angelis, R., Howard, M., &amp; Miemczyk, J. (2018). Supply chain management and the circular economy: towards the circular supply chain. Production Planning &amp; Control, 29(6), 425437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09537287.2018.1449244\r\n[6] Eyo, A. (2017). Corruption and the Challenge to Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP). European Procurement &amp; Public Private Partnership Law Review, 12(3), 253-265.https:\/\/epppl.lexxion.eu\/article\/EPPPL\/2017\/3\/8\r\n[7] Foerstl, K., Schleper, M. C., &amp; Henke, M. (2017). Purchasing and supply management: From efficiency to effectiveness in an integrated supply chain. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 23(4). https:\/\/nottingham repository.worktribe.com\/preview\/966017\/Purchasing%20and%20supply%20managem nt.pdf\r\n[8] Hanum, Y., Haddad, A. (2019). \u2018Ethical supply chains: analysis, practices and performance measures\u2019, International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 17,(4), 472\u2013497. DOI: 10.1504\/IJLSM.2014.061016\r\n[9] Keitany, M. M. &amp;Mukanzi, N. (2017). Role of supplier relationship management on procurement performance in manufacturing sector in Kenya: A case of East African Breweries. International Academic Journal of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, 2 (1), 1-20. iajournals.org\/articles\/iajpscm_v2_i1_1_20.pdf\r\n[10] Kilonzo, D. (2017). Procurement Ethics and Organizational Performance of Animal Feeds Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. [Masters thesis, JKUATCOHRED].https:\/\/www.coursehero.com\/file\/40793967\/Musyoka\r\n[11] Kisang, L., &amp; Kwasira, J. (2015). Assessment of success factors for implementation of public procurement and disposal act in the county government of Uasin Gishu, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(11), 513- 527.https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.1065.4749&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type= df\r\n[12] Kitheka, S. S. (2018). Influence of Sourcing Ethics on Procurement Performance of State Corporations in Kenya. [Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHRED]. https:\/\/strategicjournals.com\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/1001\r\n[13] Makali, J. (2015). Ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi].erepository.uonbi.ac.ke\/handle\/11295\/94607\r\n[14] Mbae, L. N. (2014). Public procurement law and procurement performance of county governments in Kenya: Case of Machakos county government. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi]. https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/reference\/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid 2257738\r\n[15] Muhia, J., Waithera, L., &amp; Songole, R. (2017). Factors affecting the procurement of pharmaceutical drugs: a case study of Narok County referral hospital, Kenya. Med ClinRev, 3(4), 20.https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/JoyMuhia\/publication\/322591537_Factors_Affecting_the_Procurement_of_PharmaceuticalDrugs_A_Case_Study_of_Narok_County_Referral_Hospital_Kenya\/links\/5b505834458 1507a7ae2b09\/Factors-Affecting-the-Procurement-of-Pharmaceutical-Drugs-A-CaseStudy-of-Narok-County-Referral-Hospital-Kenya.pdf\r\n[16] Ngovi, K. (2019). Ethics and Fraud in Procurement among Private and Public Organizations in Kenya. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi]. erepository.uonbi.ac.ke\/handle\/11295\/108877\r\n[17] Nuseir, E., &amp;Ghandour, K. N. (2019). Public sector procurement and ethical trade: governance and social responsibility in some hidden global supply chains. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 44(2), 242-255. https:\/\/rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/tran.12274\r\n[18] Odhiambo, O. V. T. (2016). Evaluation of Fraud Management Strategies Adopted by Manufacturing Companies in Kenya. [Dessertaion, University Of Nairobi].erepository.uonbi.ac.ke\/bitstream\/handle\/11295\/15353\/ABSTRACT.pdf?sequen e=3\r\n[19] Republic of Kenya. (2019). Supplies Manual: Government Printer, Nairobi. https:\/\/www.health.go.ke\/resources\/guidelines-and-manuals\/\r\n[20] Simiyu, V., Keitany, P., &amp; Mukanzi, C. (2017). Influence of supplier evaluation ethical practice on supply chain performance among G4s transport and logistics firms in western Kenya. American Journal of Educational Research, 15(17), 212-234. strategicjournals.com\/index.php\/journal\/article\/view\/630\/0\r\n[21] Vargas, J. R. C., Mantilla, C. E. M., &amp; de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2018). Enablers of sustainable supply chain management and its effect on competitive advantage in the Colombian context. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 139, 237-250.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.08.018\r\n[22] White, G. R., Parfitt, S., Lee, C., &amp; Mason\u2010Jones, R. (2016). Challenges to the development of strategic procurement: A meta\u2010analysis of organizations in the public and private sectors. Journal of Strategic Change, 25(3), 285-298.DOI:10.1108\/JOPP-05-03 2005-B005\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">John Gichuki Kahare, Dennis Chege &#8220;Ethics and Procurement Performance in State Corporations in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.61-66 June 2021\u00a0 DOI : https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5206<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/61-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ethics-and-procurement-performance-in-state-corporations-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ethics and Procurement Performance in State Corporations in Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ede3b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96ede3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96edf28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96edf28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ee0b6\" data-id=\"96ee0b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ee1dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ee1dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ee28b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ee28b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ee3e1\" data-id=\"96ee3e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ee509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ee509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ee5ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ee5ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96ee6f7\" data-id=\"96ee6f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ee810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96ee810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96ee8b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96ee8b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96eeb86\" data-id=\"96eeb86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96eeccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96eeccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Biomimicry Study of Interface Design for Kitchenware of Pahang\u2019s National Park<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Norfadilah Kamaruddin, Noor Shamsarini Md Isa, Nik Nor Azidah Nik Aziz, Inda Murni Hairul &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 67-70<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96eed78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96eed78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96eeeee\" data-id=\"96eeeee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ef03c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96ef03c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Sustainable design currently is becoming a more and more popular and foreseeable perspective of viewing products. Besides, a biomimicry is a science work that studies on nature\u2019s ways and then imitates these designs for human problem-solving. Biomimicry moreover can be categories into three different levels: Nature as a model, Nature as a measure, and Nature as a mentor. Thus, the research is carried out by using qualitative research methods to look on how nature\u2019s masterpieces pattern would be used as an interfaces for kitchenware product (ceramic) that further presenting a brand for Pahang\u2019s National Park. The kitchenware design is based on systematic analysis of local nature patterns collected from plants, fish, and flora within the area of Kuala Keniam, Pahang\u2019s National Park.This new set of design kitchenware product visibly significant defines the relationship of nature, and can be applied to practical design to enhance and support visual communication.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-70\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Norfadilah Kamaruddin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Noor Shamsarini Md Isa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nik Nor Azidah Nik Aziz<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Inda Murni Hairul<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mohd Shariful Hafizal Aminuddin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Fadli Abdul Razak<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCreative Visual Exchange Group, Faculty of Art and Design, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, PuncakAlam Campus, PuncakAlam, Selangor\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bohren (1988). Understanding colours in nature. 1(4):214-22. https:\/\/doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1988.tb00419.x.\r\n[2] Chan, I.Z.W., Chang, J.J.M., Huang, D. &amp; Todd, P.A. (2019). Colour pattern measurements successfully differentiate two cryptic Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815 species. Mar. Biodivers. 1\u20138. Marine Biodiversity\r\n[3] Endler, J.A., Cole, G.L. &amp; Kranz, A.M. (2018). Boundary strength analysis: Combining colour pattern geometry and coloured patch visual properties for use in predicting behaviour and fitness. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9: 2334\u20132348.\r\n[4] Endler, J.A. &amp; Mielke, P.P.W. (2005). Comparing entire colour patterns as birds see them. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86: 405\u2013431.\r\n[5] Hempel De Ibarra, N., Giurfa, M. &amp;Vorobyev, M. (2002). Discrimination of coloured patterns by honeybees through chromatic and achromatic cues. J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sensory, Neural, Behav. Physiol. 188: 503\u2013512.\r\n[6] Maia, R. &amp; White, T.E. (2018). Comparing colors using visual models. Behav. Ecol. 29: 649\u2013659.\r\n[7] Mathews,F.(2011)TowardsaDeeperPhilosophyofBiomimicry,Organization&amp;Environment,24(4),364 -387.\r\n[8] M Macnab, WB Fan (2013). Design by nature: using universal forms and principles in design (China Machine Press, Beijing,\r\n[9] Murphy, P. and Doherty, P. (1996). The Colour of Nature. Chronicle Books, San Francisco, Ca.\r\n[10] Reap, J., Baumeister, D. and Bras, B.(2005) Holism, biomimicry and sustainable engineering, In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 423 &#8211; 431.\r\nAvailable from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/321397939_Biomimicry_as_Innovation_a_systematic_review [accessed May 31 2021].\r\n[11] R Oxman, N Gu. (2015) . Theories and Models of Parametric Design Thinking. eCAADe 33, 2, 477- 482\r\n[12] R Oxman. (2017). Thinking difference: Theories and models of parametric design thinking. Design Studies, 52, 4-39\r\n[13] Shuichi Kinoshita and Shinya Yoshioka (2005). Structural Colours in Nature: The Role of Regularity and Irregularity in the Structure. 6(8):1442-59 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphc.200500007\r\n[14] Williams, E.H. (2005). The Nature Handbook. Oxford University Press. New York, NY\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Norfadilah Kamaruddin, Noor Shamsarini Md Isa, Nik Nor Azidah Nik Aziz, Inda Murni Hairul\r\nAnuar, Mohd Shariful Hafizal Aminuddin, and Fadli Abdul Razak, &#8220;A Biomimicry Study of Interface Design for Kitchenware of Pahang\u2019s National Park&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.67-70 June 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/67-70.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/67-70.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-biomimicry-study-of-interface-design-for-kitchenware-of-pahangs-national-park\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Biomimicry Study of Interface Design for Kitchenware of Pahang\u2019s National Park<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96efe77 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96efe77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96eff5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96eff5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f00ef\" data-id=\"96f00ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f0217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f0217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f02bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f02bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f0422\" data-id=\"96f0422\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f0533 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f0533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f05d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f05d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f0f50\" data-id=\"96f0f50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f10db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f10db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f11a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f11a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f134a\" data-id=\"96f134a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f147e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f147e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Assessment of Vessel Turnaround Time in Eastern Nigerian Ports<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Monday, E. I., Emenike, G. C. and Ibe C. C.- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 71-74<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f1537 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f1537\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f16c4\" data-id=\"96f16c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f1819 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96f1819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports. The study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and eleven questionnaire were administered to operational staff of Eastern Nigerian ports, and oral interviews were conducted using simple random sampling technique across the Ports. A direct emailing system was utilised to administer respondents questionnaire directly and available data obtained were analysed descriptively. The study findings revealed that container terminal performance in Eastern Nigerian ports with regards to vessel turnaround time at its best of 2 days per vessel especially for Onne Port in recent time, followed by Rivers Port, Delta (Warri) Port, and the Calabar Port in that order of efficiency. The PPMC analysis revealed that the rho outcome of 0.798 @ p0.000 &lt;0.05 reveals that there is a strong significant relationship between port infrastructure and vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports, which infer that the null hypothesis was rejected and alternate hypothesis was accepted indicating that; there is a significant relationship between port infrastructure and vessel turnaround time in Eastern Nigerian ports. The study concluded that vessel turnaround time has a global standard duration of 24 hours per vessel, hence the need for total improvement across the Eastern Ports. Port managers should improve on port automation orientation of their ports by encouraging the use of efficient work information and communication technology systems in order to improve on vessel turnaround time among others port performance indicators. Port managers should institutionalise port automation that will improve cargo turnaround time in the various sea-port so as to increase the income generation activities of port, thereby improving the nation\u2019s economy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 71-74\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Monday, E. I.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Logistics and Transport Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emenike, G. C. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Logistics and Transport Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibe C. C.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentre for Logistics and Transport Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amadi F. (2014). A comparative analysis of delay factors in Nigeria seaports; study of Port Harcourt and OnneSeaport Complex. An Unpublished Master\u2019s Degree Dissertation submitted to the Centre for Logistics and Transportation Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State.\r\n[2] Emenike. G. C., Amamilo, A. C. &amp;Ajayi, A.O. (2018). Assessment of Vessel Traffic and Customers Patronage at the Rivers Seaport, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nature and Science16, 22-29. Retrieved online from http:\/\/www.sciencepub.net\/nature. Accessed on 28\/8\/2018.\r\n[3] Eniola, O. (2014). Performance Evaluation of Nigerian Ports: Pre and Post Concession Eras. A Journal of Civil and Environmental Research, 6 (2), 70- 85.\r\n[4] Filani, M. O. &amp;Shomoyiwa, B., (2009). Productivity assessment of Apapa Container Terminal. Paper presentation at ports and terminal conference, Lagos.\r\n[5] Francou, B. (2000). Macroeconomics. Unpublished lecture handout, World Maritime University,\r\n[6] Francou, B. (2001). Port Performance Indicators. Malm\u00f6, Unpublished lecture handout, World\r\n[7] Gertjan, D. B. &amp;Bart, W.(2018). Shortseashipping: astatisticalanalysis of influencingfactorson SSSin EuropeanCountries,JournalofShippingandTrade,3(6):1-20.\r\n[8] Igbokwe, M. I. (2013). Major Problems Associated with the Nigerian Ports System and Suggested Solutions. An Unpublished Seminar Paper. Malm\u00f6, Sweden. Maritime University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden.\r\n[9] Ndikom, O. B. C. (2013).Fundamentals of freight forwarding practice in Nigeria. Lagos, Bumico publishers\r\n[10] Nwanosike F.O., Tipi N.S.&amp; Warnock-Smith D. (2016):Productivity change in Nigerian seaports after reform: a Malmquist productivity index decomposition approach, Maritime Policy &amp; Management, pp 1-14. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/03088839.2016.1183827.\r\n[11] Sheck, (2007) Port infrastructure in Africa, presentation at 5th international African conference, Durbin South Africa, March 29-30.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Monday, E. I., Emenike, G. C. and Ibe C. C. &#8221; Assessment of Vessel Turnaround Time in Eastern Nigerian Ports&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.71-74 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/71-74.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/71-74.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-vessel-turnaround-time-in-eastern-nigerian-ports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> Assessment of Vessel Turnaround Time in Eastern Nigerian Ports<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f266f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"96f266f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f2dcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f2dcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f2f29\" data-id=\"96f2f29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f303e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f303e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f30e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f30e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f3234\" data-id=\"96f3234\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f3341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f3341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f33e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f33e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f3542\" data-id=\"96f3542\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f37ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f37ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f38c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f38c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f3a34\" data-id=\"96f3a34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f3b45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f3b45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f3bf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f3bf1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f3d61\" data-id=\"96f3d61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f3e85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f3e85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenging role of women during disasters: A case of covid-19<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kariwo Edwin and Rugara Tofara- June 2021 Page No.: 75-79<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-96f3f2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96f3f2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96f40ad\" data-id=\"96f40ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f41d5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"96f41d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was an attempt assesses the role of women during COVID 19 lockdown. From the findings it has been established that when disasters happen, existing inequalities for women and girls and discrimination intensify. Working women who were operating from home have proved to be in a dilemma of balancing work, mother and wife duties under the same roof. Their reproductive and community linked duties remained critical despite the evolution of the covid-19 pandemic. The informal sector has been hard hit as the majority of the middle as well as lower classes of people sorely rely on it for survival. It was exaggerated by the imposed lockdown condition in order to curb the spread of coronavirus. People were not allowed to go to work, go to the markets, cross borders and or visit the malls or entering town if not among the \u2018essential service providers\u2019. Female commercial sex workers\u2019 tools of their trade as well as their clients were usually found in the public spaces but the rules of the game made a spontaneous turn making them more vulnerable to risky way of business. There is notable increase in domestic violence as social interaction hours in the home have increased which was alien to most working couples. As a result women have suffered the most.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 75-79\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kariwo Edwin <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGreat Zimbabwe University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rugara Tofara <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGreat Zimbabwe University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Ferris, E. Petz, D. and Stark, C. (2013). Disaster Risk Management:A Gender- Sensitive Approach is a Smart Approach of The Year of Recurring Disasters: A Review of Natural Disasters in 2012.\r\n[2] Gokhale, V. (2008). Role of Women in Disaster Management: An Analytical Study with Reference to Indian Society. College of Architecture: Pune.\r\n[3] Gubrium, J.F &amp; Holstein, J.A. (2001). Handbook of interview research: context and method. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.\r\n[4] https:\/\/covid.ourworldindata.org\/data\/ecdc\/total_cases.csv. Date accessed: 13-04-20.\r\n[5] https:\/\/www.cleverism.com\/interview-schedule-definition-types-templates-tips. Date Accesed:15-04-20.\r\n[6] Intemann, K. (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory.Montana State University: Havre.\r\n[7] Sini, R. (2020) Gendering COVID-19: implications for women, peace and security. The London School of Economics and political science: Tbilisi.\r\n[8] UNFPA COVID 19 Report 2020.A gender lens: Protecting sexual and reproductive health and rights promoting gender equality.\r\n[9] United Nations Development Programme\/One United Nations Plaza New York NY 10017 USA | www.undp.org | October 2010. Date accessed: 13-04-20.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kariwo Edwin and Rugara Tofara, &#8220;Challenging role of women during disasters: A case of covid-19&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.75-79 June 2021\u00a0 https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/75-79.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenging-role-of-women-during-disasters-a-case-of-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Challenging role of women during disasters: A case of covid-19<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9700db6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9700db6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9701361\" data-id=\"9701361\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9701473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9701473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9701510 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9701510\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9701675\" data-id=\"9701675\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970178e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970178e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970182c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970182c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9701986\" data-id=\"9701986\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9701a94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9701a94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9701b3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9701b3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9701c96\" data-id=\"9701c96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9701db5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9701db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adolescents with Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olubukola Akanni, Prince Jacob &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 80-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9701e54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9701e54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97021dc\" data-id=\"97021dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9702377 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9702377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Personality Disorder is a mental health disorder recognized by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). Personality Disorder refers to personality characteristics that, for a prolonged period, are maladaptive, inflexible, and pervasive in many contexts, causing severe discomfort and disability. The study was DSM-5 lists three clusters of personality disorders with ten specific disorders in those categories. An adolescent must meet the DSM-5 requirements to be diagnosed with a personality disorder. The primary aim of this article is to review research documenting the underlying mental health problems in personality disorders amongst adolescents and, to evaluate research on potential intervention for such disorders.\r\nEligibility criteria: This systematic review has exclusion and inclusion criteria that were applied to the search results of publication within the last 20 years and included personality and adolescence in the title.\r\nResults: Nineteen studies were considered out of sixty (60) primary studies, of which 19 (31.66%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The primary studies reviewed personality disorder in childhood\/adolescence and the screening for personality disorder in adolescents and impaired functioning from adolescence to adulthood. Personality Disorder was predominately measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis II disorders (n = 9), the Diagnostic Interview for GHQ &amp; SIPP (n = 2), and DSM criteria based psychiatric evaluation (n = 8). The primary studies utilized cross-sectional, case-control. Studies comprised a mix of clinical and non-clinical populations and ranged in duration from 10 to 24 years.\r\nConclusions: Adolescent personality has significant genetics and environmental impact. This systematic review shows that many adolescents display behaviour to a certain degree, making it challenging to differentiate mental health disorder and normal adolescent behaviour from a personality disorder. A significant clue is when adolescents have recurrent issues or defiance and when these behaviours are getting more severe. Adolescents at risk of PDs may also be having substance abuse disorder, including alcohol, which exacerbates depression or anxiety. The self-reported data provided very few cases that met diagnostic requirements for personality disorders in adolescence. Hence, more studiesare still needed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 80-89\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5604<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olubukola Akanni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, Atlantic International University, Hawaii, USA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prince Jacob<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAcademic Advisor, Atlantic International University Hawaii, USA\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aken , L. S. (2003). Predictors of withdrawal: Possible precursors of avoidant personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 815\u2013838.\r\n[2] Bakermans, K. (2008). Personality disorders in early adolescence and the development of later substance use disorders in the general population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88S, S71\u2013S84.\r\n[3] Biskin RS, et., al. (2011). Outcomes in women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in adolescence. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 20, 168\u2013174.\r\n[4] Chanen, A. M. &amp; McCutcheon, L., (2013). Borderline personality disorder in young people and the prospects for prevention and early intervention. Curr Psychiatry, (4), 48-57.\r\n[5] Cooklin, M. (2013). Development of personality disorder symptoms and the risk for partner violence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 474\u2013483.\r\n[6] Ellis, L. K. (2008). Revision of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN.\r\n[7] Galbally, W. (2011). The structure of temperament and personality in Russian children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 341\u2013351.\r\n[8] Ibrahim J, al. et. (2018). Childhood maltreatment and its link to borderline personality disorder features in children: A systematic review approach. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 23(1): 57\u201376.\r\n[9] Ioana A.et al. (2017). Efficacy of Psychotherapies for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. doi:10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.\r\n[10] Johnson, J. G., (2001). Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. Am J Psychiat. (157); 1406-1412.\r\n[11] Johnson, J. G., (2008). Personality disorder traits during adolescence and relationships with family members during the transition to adulthood. J Consult Clin Psych., (72), 923-932\r\n[12] Kayla R. et., al (2019). Parenting and personality disorder: An overview and meta-synthesis of systematic reviews. School of Psychology, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia\r\n[13] Kuperman, M. (1999). Assessment of abnormal personality in childhood: A Delphi survey of questionnaire data. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 89\u2013100.\r\n[14] Lahey, W. (1988). Personality diagnoses in adolescence: DSM-IV Axis II diagnoses and an empirically derived alternative. Am J Psychiat. 160: 952-966\r\n[15] Lewis. T. (2001). Personality disorders associated with substance abuse among American and Greek adolescents. Adolescence. 37: 841-854.\r\n[16] McGorry, C. H. (2013). Mentalization-based Treatment for selfharm in adolescents: a randomised control trial. J Am Acad Child Psy. in press\r\n[17] Meins, H. (1997). The association between Axis I and Axis II psychiatric symptoms and high-risk sexual behavior during adolescence. J Pers Disord. 16: 73-94.\r\n[18] Moffitt (2002). Personality disorders in children and adolescents. New York: Basic Books\r\n[19] Moffitt, (2001). The stigmatization of mental illness in children and parents: developmental issues, family concerns, and research needs. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 46(7):714\u2013734.\r\n[20] Moher D, et., al. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 151, 264\u2013269.\r\n[21] Nigg, R. (1997), Cluster A personality disorders: Schizotypal, schizoid, and paranoid personality disorders in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 515\u2013528.\r\n[22] Nijssens, J. (2013). Personality Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. 2007, Hoboken: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc\r\n[23] Perroud, F. (2014). The burden of disease among adolescents with personality pathology: Quality of life and costs. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 593\u2013604\r\n[24] Rathus, S., (2002). Prevalence and comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders among treatment refractory adolescents admitted for specialized psychotherapy. J Pers Disord. 2011, 25: 842-850. 10.1521\/pedi.2011.25.6.842.\r\n[25] Reed GM, et. al. (2005). Operationalizing the international classification of functioning, disability and health in clinical settings. Rehabilitation Psychology 50, 122\u2013131.\r\n[26] Rosenstein, C. (1996). Categories versus dimensions in the classification and conceptualization of child and adolescent mental disorders\u2014implications of recent empirical study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 469\u2013489.\r\n[27] Royal College of Psychiatrists, (2011). The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of personality disorders (pp. 143\u2013 154). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.\r\n[28] Sarkar, H &amp;Adshead, S. (2006). Manual for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality\u20132 (SNAP-2). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.\r\n[29] Schuppert, G. (2009). Personality disorder assessment: The challenge of construct validity. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 205\u2013231.\r\n[30] Sethi et al., 2000). Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviours as potential targets for intervention. Journal of Personality Disorders. 3(1): 76\u201391.\r\n[31] Shonin, M. (2013). Stability and change in personality disorder. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 27\u201331.\r\n[32] Stormshak et al., 2000), The validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder: a phenomenologic, family history, treatment responseand long-term follow-up study. 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(1994). Family dysfunction and the disruptive behavior disorders. Advances in clinical child psychology, 203-226.\r\n[80] Gershoff, E. T. (2002). Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: a meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological bulletin, 128(4), 539.\r\n[81] Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Friedman, D., Robin, J. A., &amp; Rosenbaum, J. F. (2001). Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in high-risk children of parents with panic disorder and major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(1), 49-57.\r\n[82] Battle, C. L., Shea, M. T., Johnson, D. M., Yen, S., Zlotnick, C., Zanarini, M. C., &#8230; &amp; Morey, L. C. (2004). Childhood maltreatment associated with adult personality disorders: findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Journal of personality Disorders, 18(2), 193-211.\r\n[83] Fruzzetti, A. E., Shenk, C., &amp; Hoffman, P. D. (2005). Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: A transactional model. Development and psychopathology, 17(4), 1007-1030.\r\n[84] Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., &amp; Wilson, K. G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.\r\n[85] Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., &amp; Cunningham, P. B. (2009). Multisystemic therapy for antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Guilford Press.\r\n[86] Boucher, C. R. (1999). Students in discord: Adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders. Greenwood Publishing Group.\r\n[87] Laurenssen, E. M. P., Hutsebaut, J., Feenstra, D. J., Van Busschbach, J. J., &amp;Luyten, P. (2013). Diagnosis of personality disorders in adolescents: a study among psychologists. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 7(1), 1-4.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olubukola Akanni, Prince Jacob &#8220;Adolescents with Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.80-89 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5604<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/80-89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adolescents-with-personality-disorders-a-systematic-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adolescents with Personality Disorders: A Systematic Review<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97032be elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97032be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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June 2021 Page No.: 90-98<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9704061 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9704061\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97041d7\" data-id=\"97041d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9704311 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9704311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The issue of fake drugs is a global threat, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Thus, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), among other strategies, launched a Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) scheme that enables the public to authenticate drugs at the point of purchase using scratch codes and SMS. The study examined the level of public awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS in eradicating fake drugs in South-East Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed-methods research of Survey and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The data gathered from 400 respondents via a structured questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis, while the transcripts from KII were thematically analysed. The analysed data reveals a low level of awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS among respondents, especially in rural areas. Some challenges faced by the respondents in the use of MAS include a low level of awareness and knowledge of MAS, poor network services, elitist nature of the campaign messages on MAS, and partial access to MAS among drug manufacturers. The data also reveal strategies towards enhancing the operations of MAS to ensure its efficiency in eradicating fake drugs in Nigeria. The study, therefore, concludes that the level of public awareness, knowledge, and use of MAS is relatively low, especially in rural areas. The study found that the use of MAS if enhanced is an efficient scheme in eradicating fake drugs in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 90-98\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5605\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5605<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chinonye Faith Chinedu-Okeke (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nnanyelugo Okoro (Prof.)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ijeoma Obi (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akinyandenu, O. (2013). Counterfeit drugs in Nigeria: A threat to public health. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(36), 2571-2576.\r\n[2] Ayodokun, O. J. (2016). The Use of Mobile Phone to check for the Authenticity of Pharmaceutical Products in Nigeria a case study of Mobile Authentication Service (MAS). Retrieved on 22nd July 2017 from http:\/\/www.ifra-nigeria.org.\r\n[3] Biztechafrica.com (2013). Sproxil, IBM partner to fight counterfeit drugs. Retrieved 30th March from http:\/\/www.biztechafrica.com\/article\/sproxil-ibm-partner-to-fight-counterfeir-drugs\/2739.\r\n[4] Chika, A., Bello, S. O., Jimoh, A. O., &amp; Umar, M. T. (2011). The menace of fake drugs: consequences, causes and possible solutions. Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 5 (5), 257\u2013261.\r\n[5] Denzin, N. K., &amp; Lincoln, Y. S. (2003). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials. Sage. Thousand Oaks, Calif.,\r\n[6] Dudu, J.E., &amp; Danjuma, M.N. (2016). Awareness and Use of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control\u2019s Mobile Authentication Service For Detecting Counterfeit Drugs In Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 21 (2, 3), 21-31.\r\n[7] Erhun, W.O., Erhun, M.O., &amp; Babalola, O.O. (2004). Drug regulation and control in Nigeria: The challenge of counterfeit drugs. Journal of Health and Population in Developing Countries, 4 (2), 23-34.\r\n[8] Eronmhonsele, J.I. (2015). Detecting Counterfeit Drugs through Mobile Authentication Service (MAS): Users\u2019 Challenges in Edo South Senatorial District. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, 4 (9), 13 -18.\r\n[9] Factsheet (2013). Combating counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes Factsheet medicrime convention. Retrieved on 30th March 2017 from www.coe.int\/medicrime.\r\n[10] Guest, G., Arwen Bunce, &amp; Johnson, L. (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59\u201382. doi:10.1177\/1525822X05279903\r\n[11] Joda AE, Amadi C, Adebayo OI, Maji YI, Uchem C, Olih H. Fake drugs: A survey of healthcare providers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Niger J Basic Clin Sci 2017;14:137-42\r\n[12] McCullen, N. J. (2013). Multiparameter Models of Innovation Diffusion on Complex Networks. SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, 12 (1), 515\u2013532.\r\n[13] McQuail, D. (2010). Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction. London: Sage Publications.\r\n[14] Moseti, Y. (2010), Public participation for sustainable development in local cities. 46th ISOCARP Congress 2010, Kenya.\r\n[15] NAFDAC\u2019s MAS Implementation Guide (2010). The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) Mobile Authentication Service Scheme Guidelines for the Procurement and Management of the NAFDAC Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) Scheme. (Accessed May 5, 2017)\r\n[16] NAFDAC News (2013). Issue 4.\r\n[17] NAFDAC\/Sproxil (2015). Cares Frequently asked questions on national anti-counterfeit mobile authentication service (MAS) Available at: http:\/\/sproxil.com\/docs\/NAFDAC_Sproxil_BIOFEM_MAS_FAQ.pdf (Accessed May 5, 2017)\r\n[18] National Population Commission (2006). Nigerian Census\r\n[19] Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of Innovation Theory. New York: Free Press.\r\n[20] Stack, D.W., &amp; Hocking, J.E. (1999). Communication Research. New York: Addison-Wesley\r\n[21] Thomson, S.B. (2011). Sample Size and Grounded Theory. JOAAG, 5 (1), 45-52. Available at: http:\/\/www.joaag.com\/uploads\/5_1__Research_Note_1_Thomson.pdf\r\n[22] Ukaoha, K. C., Dim, C. N., Daodu, S. S., &amp; Odikayor-Ogbomo, F. I. (2015). Towards A Mobile Drugs Authentication System for Nigerian Users. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics &amp; Allied Research Journal, 6 (1), 35- 40.\r\n[23] United States Environmental Protection Agency (2021). Public Participation Guide: Introduction to Public Participation.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/international-cooperation\/public-participation-guide-introduction-public-participation\r\n[24] Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., Marquette, J., &amp; Curtin, M. (2000). Improving election forecasting: Allocation of undecided respondents, identification of likely voters, and response order effects. In P. Lavrakas &amp; M. Traugott (Eds.), Election polls, the news media, and democracy. New York, NY: Chatham House.\r\n[25] World Health Organization (2017). A study on the public health and socioeconomic impact of substandard and falsified medical products. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/regulation\/ssffc\/publications\/Layout-SEstudy-WEB.pdf\r\n[26] WHO (2007). Good governance for medicines. Curbing corruption in medicines regulation and supply. www.who.int\/medicines\/policy\/goodgovernance\/home\/en\/index.html\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chinonye Faith Chinedu-Okeke (PhD), Nnanyelugo Okoro (Prof.), Ijeoma Obi (PhD), &#8220;Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) Scheme and Public Participation in Eradicating Fake Drugs in South-East Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.90-98 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5605<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/90-98.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mobile-authentication-service-mas-scheme-and-public-participation-in-eradicating-fake-drugs-in-south-east-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) Scheme and Public Participation in Eradicating Fake Drugs in South-East Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970561c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"970561c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9705709 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9705709\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97058a3\" data-id=\"97058a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97059e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97059e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9705a8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9705a8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9705bea\" data-id=\"9705bea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9705d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9705d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9705dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9705dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9705f21\" data-id=\"9705f21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9706034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9706034\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97060d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97060d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970624b\" data-id=\"970624b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9706356 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9706356\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Identification Test of Ability to Understand Multiple Representation in Basic Chemistry I Course: Validity and Reliability<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Syahrial Syahrial, Sri Winarni- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 99-104<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97063fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97063fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970659f\" data-id=\"970659f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97066e4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97066e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study objective was to determine the validity and reliability of the test items used to measure understanding of multiple representations. For this purpose, quantitative methods are applied. Participants were first-year students of the Chemistry Department, Education and Teacher Training Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, who took the Basic Chemistry course I (specifically solubility, redox, and hydrocarbons). The test was followed voluntarily. Before determining the validity and reliability of each test, the Multiple Representation Understanding Test (MRUT) was developed, which was conducted in five stages. MRUT contains 20 items, and its validity is determined using Pearson Product Moment (PPM). Valid test items are nine where rcount 0.3128-0.7145. The nine-item tests are reliable, and Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.701 to 0.769 (moderate-high).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 99-104\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5606<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Syahrial Syahrial<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Education Department, Syiah Kuala University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sri Winarni <\/strong><\/span>\r\nChemistry Education Department, Syiah Kuala University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ackerman, T. A. (1991) &#8216;A Didactic Explanation of Item Bias, Item Impact, and Item Validity from a Multipledimensional Perspective,&#8217; in Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.\r\n[2] Ainsworth, S. (1999) &#8216;The functions of multiple representations,&#8217; Computers and Education, 33(2\u20133), pp. 131\u2013152. DOI: 10.1016\/s0360-1315(99)00029-9.\r\n[3] Anil, D. et al. (2010) &#8216;Level determination exam (SBS-2008) the determination of the validity and reliability of 7th grade mathematics sub- test&#8217;, Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), pp. 5292\u20135298. DOI: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.03.863.\r\n[4] Caleon, I. and Subramaniam, R. (2010) &#8216;Development and Application of a Three\u2010Tier Diagnostic Test to Assess Secondary Students&#8217; Understanding of Waves,&#8217; International Journal of Science Education. DOI: 10.1080\/09500690902890130.\r\n[5] \u00c7alik, M. and Ayas, A. (2005) &#8216;An analogy activity for incorporating students&#8217; conceptions of types of solutions,&#8217; Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 6(2), pp. 1\u201313.\r\n[6] Chandrasegaran, A. L., Treagust, D. F. and Mocerino, M. (2007) &#8216;The development of a two-tier multiple ply-choice diagnostic instruments for evaluating secondary school students&#8217; ability to describe and explain chemical reactions using multiple levels of representation,&#8217; Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 8(3), pp. 293\u2013307. DOI: 10.1039\/B7RP90006F.\r\n[7] Chandrasegaran, A. L., Treagust, D. F. and Mocerino, M. (2008a) &#8216;An evaluation of a teaching intervention to promote students&#8217; ability to use multiple levels of representation when describing and explaining chemical reactions,&#8217; Research in Science Education, 38(2), pp. 237\u2013248. DOI: 10.1007\/s11165-007-9046-9.\r\n[8] Chandrasegaran, A. L., Treagust, D. F. and Mocerino, M. (2008b) &#8216;An Evaluation of a Teaching Intervention to Promote Students&#8217; Ability to Use Multipleple Levels of Representation When Describing and Explaining Chemical Reactions,&#8217; Research in Science Education, 38(2), pp. 237\u2013248. DOI: 10.1007\/s11165-007-9046-9.\r\n[9] Cheng, M. and Gilbert, J. K. (2009) &#8216;Towards a Better Utilization of Diagrams in Research into the Use of Representative Levels in Chemical Education,&#8217; in Gilbert, J. K. and Treagus, D. (eds) Models and Modeling in Science Education Multipleple Representations in Chemical Education John. Amsterdam: Springer-Science, p. 369.\r\n[10] Coll, R. K. (2008) &#8216;Chemistry Learners&#8217; Preferred Mental Models for Chemical Bonding,&#8217; Journal Of Turkish Science Education, 5(1), pp. 22\r\n[11] Cooper, M. M., and Sandi-Urena, S. (2009) &#8216;Design and validation of an instrument to assess metacognitive skillfulness in chemistry problem solving, Journal of Chemical Education, 86(2), pp. 240\u2013245. DOI: 10.1021\/ed086p240.\r\n[12] Devetak, I., Vogrinc, J. and Gla\u017ear, S. A. (2007) &#8216;Assessing 16-year-old students&#8217; understanding of Aqueous solution at submicroscopic level&#8217;, Research in Science Education, 39(2), pp. 157\u2013179. DOI: 10.1007\/s11165-007-9077-2.\r\n[13] Gabel, D. (1999) &#8216;Improving Teaching and Learning through Chemistry Education Research: A Look to the Future, Journal of Chemical Education, 76(4), p. 548. DOI: 10.1021\/ed076p5\r\n[14] Gabel, D. L. (1993) &#8216;Use of the particle nature of matter in developing conceptual understanding,&#8217; Journal of Chemical Education, 70(3), pp. 193\u2013194. DOI: 10.1021\/ed070p193.\r\n[15] Gentner, D. and Stevens, A. L. (1983) Mental Models. New Orleans: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. doi:10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004.\r\n[16] Gilbert, J. K., &amp; Treagust, D. F. (2009) &#8216;Introduction: Macro, Submicro and Symbolic Representations and the Relationship Between Them: Key Models in Chemical Education,&#8217; in Gilbert, J. K., and Treagust, D. F. (eds) Multipleple Representations in Chemical Education. Dodrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V, p. 367. DOI: 10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004.\r\n[17] Gottems, L. B. D. et al. (2018) &#8216;Good practices in normal childbirth: Reliability analysis of an instrument by cronbach&#8217;s alpha,&#8217; Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 26. DOI: 10.1590\/1518-8345.2234.3000.\r\n[18] Haladyna, T. M. (2004) Developing and Validating Multipleple-Choice Test Items. Mahwah New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. doi:10.1002\/1521-3773(20010316)40:6&lt;9823::AID-ANIE9823&gt;3.3.CO;2-C.\r\n[19] Haladyna, T. M. and Rodriguez, M. C. 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(1986) &#8216;The Role of Reliability in Criterion-Referenced Tests&#8217;, Journal of Educational Measurement, 23(3), pp. 221\u2013224.\r\n[25] Kara, F. and \u00c7elikler, D. (2015) &#8216;Development of Achievement Test : Validity and Reliability Study for Achievement Test on Matter Changing,&#8217; Journal of Education and Practice, 6(24), pp. 21\u201327.\r\n[26] Kline, P. (1994) An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis, An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324\/9781315788135.\r\n[27] Lee, C. Q. and She, H. C. (2010) &#8216;Facilitating students&#8217; conceptual change and scientific reasoning involving the unit of combustion,&#8217; Research in Science Education, 40(4), pp. 479\u2013504. DOI: 10.1007\/s11165-009-9130-4.\r\n[28] Liliasari, S. (2018) &#8216;Modeling skill in chemistry education to win students on global competitiveness,&#8217; in Rahmawati, Y. and Taylor, P. C. (eds) Empowering Science and Mathematics for Global Competitiveness. 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(2019) &#8216;Development of Achievement Test about Unit of &#8220;Nature and Chemistry&#8221; for 9th Grades: A Validity and Reliability Study&#8217;, 13(1), pp. 76\u2013104. DOI: 10.17522\/balikesirnef.571399.\r\n[61] Zapata-Caceres, M., Martin-Barroso, E. and Roman-Gonzalez, M. (2020) &#8216;Computational thinking test for beginners: Design and content validation,&#8217; IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 2020-April, pp. 1905\u20131914. DOI: 10.1109\/EDUCON45650.2020.9125368.\r\n[62] Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M. and Zeisser, C. (2007) &#8216;Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for likert rating scales,&#8217; Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), pp. 21\u201329. DOI: 10.22237\/jmasm\/1177992180.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Syahrial Syahrial, Sri Winarni &#8221; Identification Test of Ability to Understand Multiple Representation in Basic Chemistry I Course: Validity and Reliability&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.99-104 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5606<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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elementor-element-9708589 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9708589\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97086e2\" data-id=\"97086e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97087ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97087ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97088aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97088aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9708a03\" data-id=\"9708a03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9708b20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9708b20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9708bbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9708bbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9708d3d\" data-id=\"9708d3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9708e4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9708e4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Examining the Transformative Changes Introduced in Educational Assessment: Implications on sustainable development goals in Higher Education<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Kudakwashe Manokore, G.N. Shava- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 105-112<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9708ef4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9708ef4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9709088\" data-id=\"9709088\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97091d7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97091d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The introduction of the Competence-based Curriculum (CBC) in Zimbabwe meant a shift on the general aims and objectives of the education system as stipulated in the Curriculum Framework for Primary Secondary Education, 2015-2022. The framework quotes post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and other international conventions as drivers of the educational reforms. Agenda 2030 comprises 17 SDGs. This study focused on sustainable SDG 4.7 and the transformation of education from an academic oriented curriculum to one that is skills-based. The transformation meant changes in the way students were assessed and consequently change in expectations by higher education from the prospective students. However, the administration of public examinations remains a critical measure of the teaching and learning that is taking place in the schools. Advanced level examinations administered by Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) are the prime measure of learner success as they act as the chief benchmark for grading, selection and placement of learners into various stations of their destiny. The study qualitatively examined Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MoPSE) ZIMSEC assessment framework documents and workshops held between (2017-2020) in which 3 977 stake holders participated. Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development (MHTEISTD) and MoPSE were in agreement with the ESD policies, desired outcomes and direction in which education in Zimbabwe should take. Both ministries introduced and adopted curriculum action plans for sustainable transformation of the education system and have made strides in this regard through Education 5.0 and CBC frameworks. However, MoPSE-ZIMSEC has not been able to fully implement CBC since its inception as a result A-level graduates are proceeding to higher education without some competencies and skills being assessed. There is need to propel coordinated approaches in transforming and implementing educational changes by both ministries to meet the targets for Agenda 2030. Higher education has to strategically position itself to receive the new student, so that efforts made at lower levels in preparing them for the future are not in vein at point of entry.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 105-112\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kudakwashe Manokore<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G.N. Shava <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Begashaw. B (2020). Strategies to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Brookings series. Foresight-Africa-2020. Wednesday, January 8, 2020 [online] available at\r\n[2] https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/strategies-to-deliver-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-in-africa\/ (Accessed June 2020)\r\n[3] Berner, A, Lobo. S and Silva. N (2013). A Strategic and Transformative Approach to Education for Sustainable Development. School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona. Sweden[online] available at\r\n[4] https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:830314\/fulltext01.pdf (Accessed June 2020)\r\n[5] Chihota, E. (2021). Zimbabwe: Education 5.0 a Catalyst for Achieving Vision 2030. [online] available at http:\/\/www.mhtestd.gov.zw\/?p=1(Accessed January 2021)\r\n[6] Chivore, B.R.S. (2015). Report on Teacher Education Curruculum Review. October 2015 Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development\r\n[7] Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th edition, Thousand Oaks California: SAGE Publications, Inc.\r\n[8] Jonathan, E. (2021). Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development. Education 5.0 \u2013 towards problem-solving and value creation. [online] available at http:\/\/www.mhtestd.gov.zw\/?p=3501 (Accessed January 2021)\r\n[9] Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (2015). Curriculum Framework for Primary and Secondary Education 2015-2022\r\n[10] Mersmann, F. Olsen, K. H. Wehnert, T. Boodoo, Z. &amp; Fenhann, J. V. (Ed.) (2014). From theory to practice: Understanding transformational change in NAMAs. UNEP DTU Partnership.\r\n[11] Muzira, D.R, and Maupa, B.B (2020). Perception of Educators towards the Adoption of Education 5.0: A Case of a State University in Zimbabwe. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences EAJESS. July-September 2020, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 43-53 ISSN: 2714-2132 (Online)\r\n[12] Mogren, A (2019). Guiding Principles of Transformative Education for Sustainable Development in Local School Organisations Investigating Whole School Approaches through a School Improvement Lens. Karlstad University Studies. [online] available at\r\n[13] https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1368940\/fulltext01.pdf (Accessed March 2021)\r\n[14] MoPSE (2020). Assessment Framework Stakeholder Engagement Report\r\n[15] 23 February 2020 \u2013 07 March 2020\r\n[16] MoPSE (2020). Assessment framework Primary and Secondary 2015-2022\r\n[17] Ng S, Baker L, Friesen F. (2018) Teaching For Transformation. [online] available at\r\n[18] www.teachingfortransformation.com (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[19] One planet (2021). Education for Sustainable Development: Towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals \u2013 ESD for 2030. [online] available at\r\n[20] https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/initiative\/education-sustainable-development-towards-achieving-sustainable-development-goals-esd (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[21] SDG-Education 2030 Steering Committee Secretariat. Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4).The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Available online\r\n[22] https:\/\/sdg4education2030.org\/the-goal\r\n[23] https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/education\/ (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[24] Shava, G.N (2020). Quality Education for Sustainable Development in Zimbabwean Higher Education Towards UNDP 2030 SDG. August 2020: Springer [online] available at\r\n[25] (PDF) Quality Education for Sustainable Development in Zimbabwean Higher Education Towards UNDP 2030 SDG (researchgate.net) (Accessed March 2021)\r\n[26] Sustainable Development Goals &#8211; Resources for educators. [online] available at\r\n[27] https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/themes\/education\/sdgs\/material#:~:text=ESD%20empowers%20everyone%20to%20make,to%20address%20sustainable%20development%20challenges. (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[28] Tikly. L. (2019). Education for sustainable development in Africa: a critique of regional agendas. Published: 18 May 2019. [online] available at\r\n[29] https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12564-019-09600-5 (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[30] Wellington, J and Szcerbinski, M. (2007). Research Methods for the Social Sciences, London: Continuum International Publishing Group.\r\n[31] R\u00fcfenacht. M. (2017) Education 5.0 \u2014 Why We Need to Adjust the Education System[online] available at\r\n[32] https:\/\/mattiasuisse.medium.com\/education-5-0-why-i-think-we-need-to-adjust-the-education-system-4a669b26396d (Accessed January 2021)\r\n[33] Tagwira, F. (2018). Key Note Address by The Permanent Secretary for Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development, To the 2018 Student Academic Freedom Regional Advocacy Meeting at Africa University in Mutare[online] available at\r\n[34] https:\/\/safrap.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/12\/2018-safram-key-note.pdf (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[35] UNESCO (2019). Inclusion of ESD in school curricula and activities on course [online] available at https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/news\/inclusion-esd-school-curricula-and-activities-course-0 (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[36] UN &amp; Government of Zimbabwe (2018). Transitional Stabilisation Programme Reforms Agenda October 2018 \u2013 December 2020 \u201cTowards A Prosperous &amp; Empowered Upper Middle Income Society by 2030\u201d 05 October 2018 Harare [online] available at\r\n[37] https:\/\/zimbabwe.un.org\/en\/50093-zimbabwe-transitional-stabilisation-programme-2018-2020 (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[38] Vanderstoeps, W. &amp; Johnston, D. D. (2009). Research Methods For Everyday Life Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Market Street, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989\r\n[39] Wals, A. E. J. and Kieft, G. (2010). Education for Sustainable Development Research Overview. Sida\r\n[40] Zimbabwe Higher Education (2021) [online] available at\r\n[41] https:\/\/education.stateuniversity.com\/pages\/1712\/zimbabwe-higher-education.html (Accessed February 2021)\r\n[42] ZIMSEC (2017) Assessment framework Primary and Secondary 2015-2022\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kudakwashe Manokore, G.N. Shava &#8220;Examining the Transformative Changes Introduced in Educational Assessment: Implications on sustainable development goals in Higher Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.105-112 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/105-112.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/105-112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/examining-the-transformative-changes-introduced-in-educational-assessment-implications-on-sustainable-development-goals-in-higher-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> Examining the Transformative Changes Introduced in Educational Assessment: Implications on sustainable development goals in Higher Education<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970a08d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"970a08d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970dc48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970dc48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970dd06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970dd06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970de6f\" data-id=\"970de6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970df8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970df8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970e03f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970e03f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970e1b2\" data-id=\"970e1b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970e2e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970e2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970e387 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970e387\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970e4f1\" data-id=\"970e4f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970e610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970e610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970e6b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970e6b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970e808\" data-id=\"970e808\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970e937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970e937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970e9d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970e9d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970eb4e\" data-id=\"970eb4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970ec71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970ec71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Nigeria\u2019s Implementation of the Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons &#8211; Challenges and Responses<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Amaka Jane Ekezie-Joseph- June 2021 Page No.: 113-120<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-970ed16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"970ed16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-970ee9e\" data-id=\"970ee9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970efce elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"970efce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Africa, regional integration appeared to be a viable means to achieve socio-economic stability and facilitate the integration of the economies of newly independent African countries in the world global economy; with the Abuja treaty of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) now the African Union designating eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as the building blocks of the African Economic Community (AEC). In West Africa, economic decline and decay were the major catalysts for social change characterised by socio-economic and political turmoil enmeshed in increased poverty, chronic food shortages, expanded indebtedness, worsening balance of payments, and internecine wars (Anadi, 2005). Therefore, in search of new strategies for the attainment of all round sustainable development, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was established for economic revitalization across the West African region and has offered the only practical means for building more viable national economies (Onyia, 1995).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 113-120\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amaka Jane Ekezie-Joseph <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPan African University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Addawen, S. (2017). Challenges to Intra-Regional Migration and Economic Integration in West-Africa: A Focus on Nigeria and Ghana.\r\n[2] Adepoju, A. (2005). Migration in West Africa. Lagos: International Migration for Human Resources Development Center.\r\n[3] Anadi, S. K. (2005). Regional Integration in Africa: The Case of ECOWAS. Zurich Open Repository and Archive.\r\n[4] Ayamga, V. (2014). An Assessment of Implementation of ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Goods and Services at the Ghana-Burkina Faso Border.\r\n[5] Brown, L. M. (1989). Nigeria and the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement. Journal of Modern African Studies; Vol 27, No 2, 251-273.\r\n[6] ECOWAS. (1993). ECOWAS Revised Treaty. Abuja: ECOWAS Commission.\r\n[7] ECOWAS. (2016). 2016 Annual Report: ECOWAS Common External Tariff(CET) &#8211; Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects.Abuja: ECOWAS Commission.\r\n[8] ECOWAS. (2019). Brown Card ECOWAS Insurance. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.browncard.org\/Objectifs.html\r\n[9] Elumelu, A. (2015). An Assessment of the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement. In L. Hamalai, &amp; M. Obadan, 40 Years of ECOWAS (1975-2015) (pp. 258-276). Abuja: National Institute for Legislative Studies.\r\n[10] Esekumemu, V. C. (2014). The Economic Community of West African States: Challenges to the Implementation of the Protocol on Free Movement of Goods, Persons, and Establishment. Developing Country Studies; Vol 4, No 6.\r\n[11] Golub, S., Mbaye, A. A., &amp; Golubski, C. (2019, October Tuesday). The Effect of Nigeria&#8217;s Closed Borders on Informal Trade with Benin. Retrieved from Brookings: https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/africa-in-focus\/2019\/10\/29\/the-effects-of-nigerias-closed-borders-on-informal-trade-with-benin\/\r\n[12] Lamptey, A. A. (2012). Rethinking Border Management Strategies in West Africa: Experiences from the Sahel. Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center.\r\n[13] Onuoha, F. (2013). Porous Borders and Boko Haram&#8217;s Arms Smuggling Operations in Nigeria. Al Jazeera Centre for Studies.\r\n[14] Onyia, F. O. (1995). NIGERIA AND ECOWAS: A Study of the Obstacles to Nigeria&#8217;s Implementation of ECOWAS Protocols.\r\n[15] Ranganathan, R., &amp; Foster, V. (2011). ECOWAS&#8217; Infrastructure &#8211; A Regional Perspective. World Bank.\r\n[16] Sowale, A. O. (2018). Economic Community of West African States&#8217; Protocol on Free Movement and the Challenges of Human Trafficking in West Africa. Insight on Africa 10, 215-225.\r\n[17] Touzenis, K. (2012). Free Movement of Persons in the European Union and Economic Community of West African States &#8211; A Comparison of Law and Practice. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[18] Unah, L. (2019, December 2). Nigeria Border Closure Causes Economic Shock. Retrieved February 4, 2020, from African Business: https:\/\/africanbusinessmagazine.com\/region\/west-africa\/nigeria-border-closure-causes-economic-shock\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amaka Jane Ekezie-Joseph, &#8220;Nigeria\u2019s Implementation of the Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons &#8211; Challenges and Responses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.113-120 June 2021\u00a0 https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/113-120.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/113-120.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/nigerias-implementation-of-the-ecowas-protocol-on-free-movement-of-persons-challenges-and-responses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nigeria\u2019s Implementation of the Ecowas Protocol on Free Movement of Persons &#8211; Challenges and Responses<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970fe67 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"970fe67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97108db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97108db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9710a60\" data-id=\"9710a60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9710b82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9710b82\" 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9710eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9710f51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9710f51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97110af\" data-id=\"97110af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97111ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97111ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971126e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971126e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97113ed\" data-id=\"97113ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971150f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971150f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Local Factors Affecting Fertility of Women in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>R.P.G. Amithani, D.S. Rodrigo and C.L. Jayasinghe &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 121-129<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97115b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97115b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9711730\" data-id=\"9711730\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971186a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"971186a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Human fertility is a function of various factors that contribute to population dynamics. It may be defined as the actual reproductive performance of a woman. Fertility is a major public health concern because it affects economic productivity, growth of the population and other social facilities. This study aims to find the demographic, socio economic, cultural and health related factors that affect the fertility of reproductive aged women in Sri Lanka. The study was based on a Sri Lankan demographic and health survey (SLDHS) conducted in 2016. The sample consisted of 11, 201 ever married women within reproductive ages ranging from 15 to 49 years. Among the considered social, demographic, cultural and health-related factors, the statistical analysis which was conducted employing chi-square tests and logistic regression models revealed that, socio-demographic factors such as the woman&#8217;s residential district, ethnicity, wealth index, education level, occupation, and partner\u2019s education level and working status were found to have a significant effect on odds of having at least the required fertility level for her age at 5% level of significance. The odds of having at least the required fertility level for her age of a woman belonging to the lowest quintile of wealth index was 48.1% more than that of a woman belonging to the highest quintile of wealth index. The results revealed by this study will be beneficial for relevant authorities when organizing awareness programs on fertility for ever married women in Sri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 121-129\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R.P.G. Amithani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.S. Rodrigo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C.L. Jayasinghe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Cortes, A., Hunt, N., &amp; McHale, S. (2014). Development of the scale of perceived social support in HIV (PSS-HIV). AIDS and Behavior, 18(12), 2274-2284.\r\n[2] Department of Census and Statistics. (2020). Health. Retrieved November 3 2020, from http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/Health\/StaticalInformation\r\n[3] Highland, V. (2014). Analysis Of Several Factors Contributing To Increased Fertility Rates In India: Religion As Compared To Education And Wealth.\r\n[4] Hosmer, D. W., Taber, S., &amp; Lemeshow, S. (1991). The importance of assessing the fit of logistic regression models: a case study. American journal of public health, 81(12), 1630-1635.\r\n[5] Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., &amp; Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied logistic regression (Vol. 398): John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[6] Kelly\u2010Weeder, S., &amp; O\u2019Connor, A. (2006). Modifiable risk factors for impaired fertility in women: what nurse practitioners need to know. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18(6), 268-276.\r\n[7] Koning, A., Kuchenbecker, W., Groen, H., Hoek, A., Land, J., Khan, K., &amp; Mol, B. (2010). Economic consequences of overweight and obesity in infertility: a framework for evaluating the costs and outcomes of fertility care. Human reproduction update, 16(3), 246-254.\r\n[8] Larsen, U., &amp; Hollos, M. (2005). The importance of motherhood: a study of infertility in urban northern Tanzania.\r\n[9] Muhoza, D. N., Broekhuis, A., &amp; Hooimeijer, P. (2014). Variations in desired family size and excess fertility in East Africa. International journal of population research, 2014.\r\n[10] Salam, A. A. (2013). Nuptiality and fertility in Saudi Arabia: An appraisal of census data. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 18(3), 147-153.\r\n[11] Sangeetha, M. (2014). A study to identify the risk factors associated with infertility among women attending Infertility Clinic at Sandhya Hospital, Vallalar, Vellore. Arun College of Nursing, Vellore.\r\n[12] Sathya, A., Balasubramanyam, S., Gupta, S., &amp; Verma, T. (2010). Effect of body mass index on in vitro fertilization outcomes in women. Journal of human reproductive sciences, 3(3), 135.\r\n[13] Siddiqui, R. (1996). The impact of socio-economic factors on fertility behaviour: a cross-country analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 107-128.\r\n[14] Wijesekera, G., &amp; Arunachalam, D. (2015). Explaining the fertility puzzle in Sri Lanka. Journal of biosocial science, 47(6), 845-852.\r\n[15] Adhikari, R. (2010). Demographic, socio-economic, and cultural factors affecting fertility differentials in Nepal. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 10(1), 10-19.\r\n[16] Dana, D. D. (2018). Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Identifying Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Factors that Affect Fertility Among Women of Child bearing Age in Ethiopia. Science Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 6(3), 65-73.\r\n[17] Kumar, D. (2007). Prevalence of female infertility and its socio-economic factors in tribal communities of Central India.\r\n[18] McFalls Jr, J. A. (1991). Population: A Lively Introduction. Population Bulletin, 46(2).\r\n[19] Muvunyi, C. M., Dhont, N., Verhelst, R.,Crucitti, T., Reijans, M., Mulders, B., et al. (2011). Evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay STDFinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 71(1), 29-37.\r\n[20] Rhodwell, C. (2016). DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERTILITY AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN ZAMBIA. The University of Zambia.\r\n[21] United Nations. (2015) World Fertility Patterns 2015.\r\n[22] World Health Organization. (2020). Sexual and reproductive health. Retrieved January 10, 2020, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/topics\/infertility\/definitions\/en\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">R.P.G. Amithani, D.S. Rodrigo and C.L. Jayasinghe &#8220;Local Factors Affecting Fertility of Women in Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.121-129 June 2021\u00a0 URL : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/121-129.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/121-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/local-factors-affecting-fertility-of-women-in-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Local Factors Affecting Fertility of Women in Sri Lanka<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97126bc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97126bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97127a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97127a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971293a\" data-id=\"971293a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9712a5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9712a5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9712b12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9712b12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9712c86\" data-id=\"9712c86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9712d9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9712d9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9712e3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9712e3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9712f9b\" data-id=\"9712f9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97138cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97138cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9713996 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9713996\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9713b17\" data-id=\"9713b17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9713c47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9713c47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses on performance appraisal system at two district hospitals in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tapfuiwa J Katsinde, Emily Tsododo &amp; Constance S Katsinde &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 130-134<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9713cf0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9713cf0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9713e59\" data-id=\"9713e59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9713f88 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9713f88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices among nurses on performance appraisal system at two district hospitals in Zimbabwe. A survey design was used. A questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data. The sample was chosen using the non-probability method of convenience. Data was presented on tables and analyzed using descriptive statistics and themes. The findings showed that some nurses were trained in performance appraisals whilst others were not. Most nurses indicated that they were not adequately trained on the appraisal system. The majority understood the purpose and objectives of the system but they did not have adequate knowledge. The nurses viewed the system as necessary and commented that it has improved their work. However, the process of writing was viewed as stressful and time consuming. Although the system was being practiced in hospitals, most indicated that it was difficult to implement because of pressure of work, lack of knowledge and the paper work involved. The nurses complained that the system has not been followed by an increase in their remuneration. The study recommends the need for a continuous training of nurses on appraisal system. To be viable nurses who do well according to the system should be rewarded appropriately so that they are motivated to work hard. Research on how the system affects relations in hospitals is recommended.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 130-134\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Tapfuiwa J Katsinde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Emily Tsododo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Open university\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Constance S Katsinde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bandason, B. (2002) Analysis of the Effectiveness of the New Performance Appraisal System in Improving the Performance of Teachers in Centenary District Primary Schools (Unpublished).\r\n[2] Best, J.W. and Khan, J.V. (1993) Research in Education. Boston. London\r\n[3] Borg, W.R. and Gall, M.D (1989) Education Research. Longman, London.\r\n[4] Booyens, S.W. (1998) Dimension of Nursing Management. Gredapress, Cape Town\r\n[5] Daft, L.R. (1997) Management. Drydon Press, Philadelphia.\r\n[6] Dulewics, R. (1989) Appraising Performance for Results. Irwin Time Mirror Higher Education Group.\r\n[7] Elicker, J.D., Levy, P.E. &amp; Hall, R.J. (2006) The role of leader-member exchange in the performance of appraisal process. Journal of Management, Vol 32, No. 4, 531-551.\r\n[8] Gabrail, V. (2003) Management. Longman. Singapore.\r\n[9] Jones, R.G George, J.M. And Hill, C.W.L. (1998) Contemporary Management Mcgraw-Hill, New York.\r\n[10] Kreitner, R (1995) Management. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston\r\n[11] Lawries, D (1990) Appraising your Staff. Journal of Management Studies, 25\r\n[12] Montebello, A.R. (1999) Best Practices in Performance Management. Longman, London.\r\n[13] Mullins, J. L. (1999) Management and Organisational Behaviour. Attman Publishing. London\r\n[14] Ochoti, G. N., Maronga, E.M., Muathe, S. &amp; Nyabwanga, R. N. (2012) Factors influencing employee performance appraisal system: A case of the Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol 3, No. 20, 37-46, Special Issue, October\r\n[15] Polit, D. And Hungler, B.P. (1989) Essential of Nursing Research Methods: Appraisals and Utilisation. J.B. Lippincott Company, Phiadelphia.\r\n[16] The Public Service Commission Review (1995) Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare Statement on Job Evaluation Exercise. Harare.\r\n[17] Stoner, J.A., Freeman, R.E. and Gilbert, D.R. (1995) Management. Prentice, London.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tapfuiwa J Katsinde, Emily Tsododo &amp; Constance S Katsinde, &#8220;Knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses on performance appraisal system at two district hospitals in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.130-134 June 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/130-134.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/130-134.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/knowledge-attitude-and-practices-among-nurses-on-performance-appraisal-system-at-two-district-hospitals-in-mashonaland-central-province-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses on performance appraisal system at two district hospitals in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9714e00 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9714e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9714eea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9714eea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971507f\" data-id=\"971507f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97151ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97151ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9715255 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9715255\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97153c5\" data-id=\"97153c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97154dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97154dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971557d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971557d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97156ce\" data-id=\"97156ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97157f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97157f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9715897 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9715897\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9715a09\" data-id=\"9715a09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9715b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9715b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> United States-Venezuela Relations and Economic Development From 2017-2020<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr. Tamunopubo Big-Alabo &amp; Nnenna Sylvia Okafor- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 135-145<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9715bdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9715bdb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9715d62\" data-id=\"9715d62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9715e90 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9715e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined United States-Venezuela relations and economic development 2017-2020. The theory that was used for the study was the hegemonic theory by Antonio Gramsci. The ex- post facto research design was used for the study. Accordingly, data was sourced through secondary sources like, textbooks, newspaper, journal articles, textbooks, and internet. Qualitatively analyses were used to analyse the data, although figures and tables were presented where required. Evidences drawn from these sources were prudently examined in order to establish a reasonable trend from which inferences were drawn. The study found that Venezuela has promoted new regional cooperation arrangements that deliberately excluded US and that through the executive orders that was issued by Donald Trump the government of Venezuelan has been prohibited from accessing US financial markets. The study suggested among others that US should stop sanctioning Venezuela as these have affected the economic development of Venezuela and United States must not intervene in the activities of Venezuela as this has divided the country which is not healthy for the development of any nation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 135-145\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Tamunopubo Big-Alabo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nnenna Sylvia Okafor <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Anatoly, K. (2019). Venezuela\u2019s collapse is the worst outside of war in decades, economists say. The New York Times.\r\n[2] Armas, M. &amp; Pons, C. (2019). Venezuela orders banks to sell dollars from fuel sales to forex market. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/venezuela-economy-gasoline.\r\n[3] Barrett, M. (1997). Ideology, politics, hegemony: From Gramsci to Laclau and Mouffe, Mapping Concept. Ed. Slavoj ZIZEK Verso, London.\r\n[4] Benzaquen, M. (2017). How food in Venezuela went from subsidized too scarce. The New York Times.\r\n[5] Castro, M. et al. (2019). United States recognizes Venezuelan opposition leader as interim president. The Wall Street Journal.\r\n[6] Charner, F. et al. (2018). Opposition condemned Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro&#8217;s election win as a deception. Cable News Network.\r\n[7] Corrales, J.&amp; Romero, C. A. (2006). US-Venezuela relations since the 1990s. Caracas: Ediciones.\r\n[8] Corrales, J &amp; Romero, C. A. (1990). US -Venezuelan relations after Hugo Ch\u00e1vez: Why normalization has been impossible. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from http:\/\/fride.org\/descarga\/PB_157_Venezuela.pdf\r\n[9] Cowen, T. (2011). The great stagnation: How America ate all the low-hanging fruit of modern history, got sick, and will eventually feel better. A Penguin Special Dutton.\r\n[10] Cox, R. (1981). Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond international relations theory. Millennium Journal of International Studies.\r\n[11] Escobari, M. (2019). Made by Maduro: The humanitarian crunch time in Venezuela and US strategic responses. Retrieved 20 June 2020 from http www.brookings.edu\/testimonies\/made-by-maduro-the-humanitarian-crisis-in-venezuela-and-us-policy-responses\/.\r\n[12] Farrer, M. et al. (2019). Venezuela crisis: Maduro claims coup has been defeated as it happened. The Guardian News.\r\n[13] Feldman, M. P. &amp; Francis, J. (2003). Fortune favors the prepared region: The case of entrepreneurship and the capitol region biotechnology cluster. European Planning Studies, 11, 765-788.\r\n[14] Keohane R. O. (1991). The United States and the post war order: Kingdom or hegemony? International Serenity Study Institute, Paper of Peace Research.\r\n[15] Marrianna, P. (2019) Venezuela\u2019s oil export sink to 17-year low, choked by US sanction. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-venezuela-oil-exports-idUSKBN2392SG\r\n[16] Massey, D. S. (1988). Economic improvement and global immigration in relative viewpoint. The Populace and Growth Appraisal. 383-413.\r\n[17] Nye, J. S. (2002). The paradox of American power: Why the world\u2019s only superpower can\u2019t go it alone. Oxford University Press, Oxford.\r\n[18] Pons, C. &amp; Mayela, R. (2019). Corrected -RPT- insight, how Venezuela turns its useless bank notes into gold. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/venezuela-gold-idUSL1N20506E\r\n[19] Pons, C. (2020). Venezuela companies, awash with cash, find way to move money abroad. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/journalists\/corina-pons\r\n[20] Rampton, R. &amp; Hollands, S. (2018). Trump increases pressure on Venezuela with sanctions on gold. Retrieved 20 March 2021 from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-venezuela-bolton-idUSKCN1N65P6\r\n[21] Rosen, S. (1981). The economics of superstars. The American Economic Review. 71, 845- 858.\r\n[22] Snidal, D. (1986). The limits of hegemonic steadiness assumption. MIT Press, Global Group, Collaboration and Divergence.\r\n[23] Snidal, D. (1986). The limits of hegemonic steadiness assumption. MIT Press, Global Group, Collaboration and Divergence.\r\n[24] Strange, S. (1989). Toward a theory of transnational empire. Lexington Books.\r\n[25] Volgy, T. J., Kanthak, K., Fraizer, D. &amp; Ingersoll, R. S. (2005). Resistance to hegemony within the core. Center for International Security Studies, University of Pittsburgh.\r\n[26] Wright, R. (2004). U.S. and manhood: Leadership is about respect, not just fear. New York Times.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Tamunopubo Big-Alabo &amp; Nnenna Sylvia Okafor &#8220;United States-Venezuela Relations and Economic Development From 2017-2020&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.135-145 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/135-145.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/135-145.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/united-states-venezuela-relations-and-economic-development-from-2017-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> United States-Venezuela Relations and Economic Development From 2017-2020<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97184e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97184e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9718f8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97190e4\" data-id=\"97190e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97191f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97191f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9719293 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9719293\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97193f2\" data-id=\"97193f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971950b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971950b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97195a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97195a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9719704\" data-id=\"9719704\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971981c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971981c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97198bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97198bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9719a29\" data-id=\"9719a29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9719b4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9719b4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on Quality in Education, Current Issues in Zimbabwe Higher Education, Educating for the future<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>G.N. Shava, T. Chasara, O. S. Hahlani- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 146-154<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9719bfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9719bfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9719d8d\" data-id=\"9719d8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9719ed2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9719ed2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This article discusses current issues of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) specifically focusing on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4) on quality in education. The SDGs form part of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for sustainable development which was unanimously adopted in 2015 by all UN member states as a plan of action for sustainable development. Special focus of the article is on Sustainable Development Goal 4, which is oriented towards the achievement of educational quality within a lifelong framework. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals propose that ESD has the potential to increase knowledge and strategies to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the needs of society which is the specific focus of SDG4 which strives on quality education. This article critically assesses how Zimbabwe higher education works towards achieving SDG4 which seeks to ensure quality education. In this article I argue that, ESD empowers learners to take informed decisions and responsible actions for environmental integrity, economic viability for present and future generations. Quality, sustainable and development education supports knowledge driven economic growth strategies and poverty eradication by generating new knowledge, building the capacity to assess existing stores of global knowledge and adapt that knowledge to local use. In this article we explore the achievement of SDG4 mapping insights from structure and agency approaches and theoretical view point. The article demonstrates that critical realist theory of structure and agency perspectives can contribute towards enabling and constraining the achievement of ESD. The theoretical view point contributes towards the understanding and achievement of transformation towards sustainability and can help to ensure a deeper understanding of current issues, relating to ESD and specifically on quality higher education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 146-154\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G.N. Shava <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>T. Chasara <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. S. Hahlani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Archer, M.S. (1995). Realist Theory: the Morphogemetic Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[2] Archer, M.S. (1996). Culture and Agency: The place of culture in Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[3] Archer, M.S. (2003). Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[4] Bhasker, R. (1978). The possibility of Naturalism.2nd ed. Sussex.HernelMermpstead; New York. The Harvester Press The Harvester Press, Routledge.\r\n[5] Bhasker, R. (1979). The possibility of Naturalism 1st ed. Sussex.Hermel Hempstead: New York. The Harvester Press; The Harvester Press: Routledge.\r\n[6] Bhasker, R. (2011). Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary PhilosphyOxon: Routledge.\r\n[7] Bhasker, R.(2010). Contexts of Interdisciplinary: Interdisciplinarity and Climate Change. In Interdisciplinarity and climate change: Transforming knowledge and practice for our Global future. Edited by Roy Bhasker, Cheryl Frank, Karl G. Hoyer, PelterNaes, and Parker Janneth, 1-23 Abigdon Oxen.\r\n[8] Boereen, E (2019). Understanding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on quality education for Micro, Meso and Macro perspective International Review of Education 2019(65) 277-294.\r\n[9] Boereen, E. (2016). Lifelong learning participation in a changing policy context.An Interdisciplinary theory. London: Palgrave MacMillan.\r\n[10] Bourdien, P. (1984). Distinction.A social critique of the judgment of taste.London Routledge.\r\n[11] Gabay, C. (2015) Special forum on the millennium development goals: Introduction. Globalisations, 12(4) 576-580.\r\n[12] Giddens, A. (1984). The Construction of society: Outline of the theory of Structuration. Cambridge. Blackwell policy Press.\r\nhttp:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/uhs\/cgi-bin\/ulis.plca catno-191442 &amp; set = 4D 934944 -3-1 &amp; gp=&amp;lin=1 &amp; 11=CAgenda\/education-for-sustainable development.\r\n[13] Kelly, C. &amp;Dikkers, S. (2016). Framing Feedback for School Improvement Around Distributal Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol 52 No 3 pp. 392-422.\r\n[14] Madzielana, N P O Maposa, C.(2013). The Influence of Context in the South African Higher Education System: A Social Realist Critique. Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology.4 (3).175-181.\r\n[15] Mohanty, A &amp; Dash D. (2018) Education for Sustainable Development. A conceptual model of sustainable education for India.International Journal of Development and Sustainabilty.Vol 7(9) 2242 \u2013 2255.\r\n[16] Palmer, E. (2015). Introduction.The Sustainable development goal forum Journal of Global Ethics, 11 (1) 3-9.\r\n[17] Shava.G. and Haystek J. (2018). Agency and Structure: Principals` Ability to Bring about Sustainable Improvement in under performing schools in South Africa. Africa Education Rewiewhttp:\/\/doi.org10.1080\/18146627.2017.\r\n[18] Tilbiry, D. (20111) Education for Sustainable Development: An expert Review of processes and learning. Paris. From http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/education\/themes\/leadingikenternational\r\n[19] UN (2015) Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. New York, UN From htt:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/content\/documents\/2125203%20 Agenda for sustainable20 development 2020 Development,,, web pdf.\r\n[20] UN (United Nations) (2000).United Nations Millennium declaration.A\/RES\/55\/2. New York: United Nations. From http:\/\/www.un.documents.nee\/a 55r2.htm\r\n[21] UNESCO (2009a) Learning for a sustainable world: Review of Contexts structures for Education for Sustainable Development, Paris, UNESCO. From: http:\/\/www.Unesco.org\/education\/justpublished-desD 2009.pdf.\r\n[22] UNESCO (2014) Education for Sustainable Development.fromhttp:\/\/www.unesco.de\/site\/default\/files 2018\/unesco-education for sustainable development-goal pdf.\r\n[23] UNESCO (2017a) Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning objectives. Paris.UNESCO. From http:\/\/www.unesco.de\/site\/default\/files 2018\/unesco-education for sustainable development-goal pdf.\r\n[24] Van Den Branden, K. (2015) Sustainable education: exploiting students` energy for learning as a renewable resource. Sustainability,Vol (7) 5471-5487.\r\n[25] WEF (World Education Forum) (2016) Incheon declaration and Framework for action for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4.Towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all.Education 2030 Paris UNESCO.From http:\/\/unesco do. Unesco.org\/images 10024\/00240056\/24556epdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">G.N. Shava, T. Chasara, O. S. Hahlani &#8220;United States-Venezuela Relations and Economic Development From 2017-2020&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.146-154 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/146-154.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/146-154.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sustainable-development-goal-sdg-4-on-quality-in-education-current-issues-in-zimbabwe-higher-education-educating-for-the-future\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on Quality in Education, Current Issues in Zimbabwe Higher Education, Educating for the future<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971b758 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"971b758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971c467 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971c467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971c516 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971c516\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971c668\" data-id=\"971c668\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971c78f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971c78f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971c833 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971c833\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971c996\" data-id=\"971c996\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971caab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971caab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971cb5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971cb5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971cceb\" data-id=\"971cceb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971ce08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971ce08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> The use of experiential learning in effective provision of skills to secondary school learners in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Moyo Lincolyn, Mukomana Saziso- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 155-159<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971ceb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971ceb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971d054\" data-id=\"971d054\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971d1b9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"971d1b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Practical oriented education was not foreign to indigenous education systems. Precolonial education ideology focused on promoting productivity and practicality. Given current challenges, contemporary education systems can deduct from fertile African cultural heritage to mitigate educational shortfalls promoting unproductivity and unemployment. Contemporary Zimbabwe education, if not most of Africa, from primary to Tertiary level lacks emphasis of practical skills. Yet one can argue that, practical subjects\/skills are the foundational cornerstone of sustainable productivity and socioeconomic development. Many curricular obstacles hinder promotion and teaching of diverse practical subjects. At the top of several hindrances is lack of supportive infrastructure for effective practical subjects teaching; and lack of practical subjects teachers given absence of a pro-practicals teacher college education in Zimbabwe. Most persistent hindrance is the history driven ideology associated with practical subjects. The purpose of this qualitative study through analysis of published literature was to determine the cause of above-mentioned hindrances. This study discovered a limited inclination towards practical subjects by the current Zimbabwe education system and related practical subject\u2019s pedagogy. Therefore, one can conclude logically that, limited teaching of practical subjects in most schooling levels highly affects productivity of active citizens contributing towards national sustainable growth. Hence, there is a need for practical subjects\u2019 access diversification at all schooling levels and train relevant teachers towards that end.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 155-159\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moyo Lincolyn<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, United College of Education, Department of Theory of Education\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mukomana Saziso <\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Zimbabwe Open University, Department of Teacher Education\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abrahams, I. (2011). Practical work in school science: Minds-on approach. London: Continuum.\r\n[2] Adeyeni, M. B., &amp; Adeyinka, A. A. (2002). Some key issues in African traditional education. McGill Journal of Education Spring.\r\n[3] Adler, P. J. (1996). World civilisations. St. Paul: West Publishing Company.\r\n[4] Alexander, K. (1997). Education and the public good. Social Forces, 76(1), 1-30.\r\n[5] Anderson, R. C., &amp; Armbruster, B. (1990). Some maxims for learning and instruction. Teachers College Record, 91(3), 396-408.\r\n[6] Appiah, K. A. (1997). The arts of Africa. The New York Review of Books, 44(7).\r\n[7] Asante, M., &amp; Asante, K. (Eds.). (1990). African culture: Rhythms of unity. Trenton: Africa World Press.\r\n[8] Aspy, D. N., Aspy, C, B., &amp; Quimby, P. M. (1993). What doctors can teach teachers about problem-based learning. Educational Leadership, 50(7), 22-24.\r\n[9] Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical ears revisited. 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African culture: Rhythms of unity. Trenton: Africa World Press.\r\n[16] Brown, P., &amp; Hesketh, A. (2004). The mismanagement of talent: Employability and jobs in the knowledge economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[17] Busse, R. (1992). The new basics: Today\u2019s employers want the three Rs and so much more. Vocational Education Journal, 67(5), 24-47.\r\n[18] Coplin, W. (2003). 10 things employers want you to learn in college. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.\r\n[19] Dee, T. S. (2004). Are there civil returns to education? Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1697-1720.\r\n[20] Desjardins, R. (2008). Researching the links between education and well-being. European Journal of Education, 43(1), 23-35.\r\n[21] Dewey, J. (1902). The child and the curriculum. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\r\n[22] Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: MacMillan.\r\n[23] Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: MacMillan.\r\n[24] Fajana, A. (1986). 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London: Longman.\r\n[52] Riddell, W. C. (2004). The social benefits of education: New evidence on an old question, in taking public universities seriously. Toronto: University of Toronto.\r\n[53] Rindermann, H. (2008). Relevance of education and intelligence at the national level for the economic welfare of people. Intelligence, 36(2), 127-42.\r\n[54] Sax, L. J., Keup, J. R., Gilmartin, S. K., Stolzenberg, E. B., &amp; Harper, C. (2002). Findings from the 2000 administration of our first college year: National aggregates. Los Angeles: University of California.\r\n[55] Schroeder, C. C. (1993). New student-new learning styles. Change, 25(4), 21-26.\r\n[56] Seepe, S. (2001, October 21). Indigenous knowledge systems can benefit everyone. Mail and Guardian, p. 7.\r\n[57] Sternberg, R. J. (2008). Increasing fluid intelligence is possible after all. Proceedings of National Academy of Science, 105(19), 6791-6792.\r\n[58] United Nations. (2011). Education challenges in Africa. New York: UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs.\r\n[59] Watson, J. R. (2000). The role of practical work. London: Open University Press.\r\n[60] Wiredu, K. (Ed.). (2004). A companion of African philosophy. Malden: Blackwell.\r\n[61] World Bank. (1990). Zimbabwe: A review of primary and secondary education. Harare: Population and Human Resources Division World Bank Vol 1 and 11.\r\n[62] Wurdinger, S. D. (1997). Philosophical issues in adventure education. Dubuque: Kendall\/Hunt.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Moyo Lincolyn, Mukomana Saziso &#8220;The use of experiential learning in effective provision of skills to secondary school learners in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.155-159 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/155-159.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-use-of-experiential-learning-in-effective-provision-of-skills-to-secondary-school-learners-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> The use of experiential learning in effective provision of skills to secondary school learners in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971e4ff elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971e764\" data-id=\"971e764\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971e893 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971e893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971e934 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971e934\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971ea9f\" data-id=\"971ea9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971ebb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971ebb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971ec6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971ec6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971edb1\" data-id=\"971edb1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971eed4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971eed4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971ef79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971ef79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971f2ee\" data-id=\"971f2ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971f423 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971f423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971f4c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971f4c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971f61c\" data-id=\"971f61c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971f736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971f736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971f7ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971f7ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971f932\" data-id=\"971f932\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971fa40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971fa40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971fae8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971fae8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971fc63\" data-id=\"971fc63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971fd6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"971fd6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Sustainable Zimbabwe University &#8211; Industry Collaboration Framework<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Stanley Murairwa- June 2021 Page No.: 160-168<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-971fe13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"971fe13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-971ffab\" data-id=\"971ffab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97200eb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97200eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The collaboration between a knowledge hub and a product incubator is increasingly perceived as a vehicle to enhance innovation and business incubation through knowledge and technology exchange. This is evidenced by a significant increase in researches that investigate the collaboration phenomenon from different perspectives. However, the body of knowledge is still fragmented and lacking an efficient comprehensive view that can widely be considered as the engine of economic growth. A sample of volunteered (Murairwa, 2015) 12 knowledge hubs and 60 product incubators was selected. The research employed systematic procedures to review the literature and analyse researchers\u2019 perspectives on the collaboration between industry and universities. The research designed a questionnaire with closed and a few open-ended questions and collected data from volunteering knowledge hubs and incubators. The data was analysed in Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The research discovered key aspects underpinning the collaboration theory. These aspects were integrated into an overarching pragmatic knowledge hub and product incubator collaboration (PKHPIC) framework that can provide a substantial contribution to the understanding of the university \u2013 industry collaboration and literature in the research area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 160-168\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5607<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stanley Murairwa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAfrica University, Mutare, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Abuja, M., Carapina, T., de Kort, M., Raess, M., Tieken, C., &amp; Wagstaff, N. 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Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 102, 654 \u2013 664.\r\n[45] Scearce, D. (2011). What are the different ways to Collaborate? . Grant makers for effective organizations (GEO) and Monitor Institute.\r\n[46] Sherwood, A. L., Butts, S. B., &amp; Kacar, S. L. (2004). Partnering for Knowledge: A Learning Framework for University \u2013 Industry Collaboration. Midwest Academy of Management. Retrieved July 9, 2020, from http:\/\/ipadvocatefoundation.org\/studies\/emory\/pdfs\/3.1c_partner%20know\r\n[47] Shizha, E., &amp; Kariwo, M. T. (2011). Education and development in Zimbabwe: a social, political and economic analysis. Boston, USA: Sense Publishers.\r\n[48] Tsitskari, E., Goudas, M., Tsalouchou, E., &amp; Michalopoulou, M. (2017). Employers\u2019 expectations of the employability skills needed in the sport and recreation environment. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 20(1), 1 &#8211; 9. doi:10.1016\/j.jhlste.2016.11.002\r\n[49] Zhao, Z., Brostron, A., &amp; Cai, J. (2020). Promoting Academic Engagement: University Cintext and Individual Characteristics. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 45, 304 &#8211; 337. doi:10.1007\/s10961-018-9687-z\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Stanley Murairwa, &#8220;A Sustainable Zimbabwe University &#8211; Industry Collaboration Framework&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.160-168 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5607<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/160-168.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-sustainable-zimbabwe-university-industry-collaboration-framework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Sustainable Zimbabwe University &#8211; Industry Collaboration Framework<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9720ff0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9720ff0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97210d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97210d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9721268\" data-id=\"9721268\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97213a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97213a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9721445 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9721445\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972159d\" data-id=\"972159d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97216c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97216c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9721763 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9721763\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97218bc\" data-id=\"97218bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97219d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97219d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9721a7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9721a7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9721bf7\" data-id=\"9721bf7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9721d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9721d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9721dad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9721dad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9721f2e\" data-id=\"9721f2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9722048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9722048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms on Capital Market Liquidity in Nigeria (2006-2020)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adeoye, Mary A. and Nasiru, Halimah Y. &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 169-174<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97220ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97220ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9722264\" data-id=\"9722264\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97223b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97223b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the impacts of monetary policy transmission mechanisms on the liquidity of Nigerian capital market from 2006-2020. The required data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Capital market liquidity is the dependent variable while the independent variables are; treasury bill rate, savings rate, net domestic credit, exchange rate and inflation rate. The Ordinary Least Square multiple regressions with econometric view were used as data analysis techniques. The study found that monetary policy transmission mechanism does not have significant impact on the liquidity of the capital market as against the findings of Akani and Imegi (2017). Also, all the channels of monetary policy transmission mechanisms have positive relationship with capital market liquidity except exchange rate. It therefore recommends that exchange rate should be worked upon so as to enhance the liquidity of Nigerian capital market in view of its negative impact on the capital market liquidity<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 169-174\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeoye, Mary A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nasiru, Halimah Y.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Oyo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akani, H. W. (2013). Analysis of Macroeconomic Aggregates on Stock Price in Nigeria: An Application of co-integration and causality Test. International Journal of Academic Research. 1 (3),56-79.\r\n[2] Akani, H. W. and Lucky, A. L. (2016). Capital Structure and Shareholders Value of Commercial Banks in Nigeria: A Multi-Variate Study Analysis. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 2 (5), 1 \u2013 24. Akani, H. W., Okonkwo V. I. and Ibenta, S. N. (2016). Empirical Analysis of Monetary Policy on Capital Market Activities: Evidence from Nigerian Economy, Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 2 (3), 82 \u2013 111.\r\n[3] Al-Raisi, A. H., Pattanaik, S., &amp; Al Raisi, A. Y. (2007). Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy Under the Fixed Exchange Rate Regime of Oman. Central Bank of Oman Occasional Paper, 2007-1.\r\n[4] Al-Raisi, A. H., Pattanaik, S., and Al Raisi, A. Y. (2007). Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy Under the Fixed Exchange Rate Regime of Oman. Central Bank of Oman Occasional Paper, 2007-1.\r\n[5] Boivin, J., Kiley, M. T. and Mishkin, F. S. (2010). How Has the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Evolved Overtime? Finance and Economics Discussion Series Divisions of Research &amp; Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board.\r\n[6] Cagan, P. (1989). Monetarism. in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman (Eds.), The Palgrave: Money London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Limited, 195-205.\r\n[7] Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2016). Policy Measures. Abuja: CBN\r\n[8] De Long, B. J. (2000). The Triumphant of Monetarism? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(1),83-94\r\n[9] Fetai, B. and Izet, Z. (2010). The impact of monetary policy and exchange rate regime on the real GDP and prices in the Republic of Macedonia. Economics and Business Review, 12(4),263-284.\r\n[10] Gerdesmeier, D. (2013). Fundamentals of Monetary Policy in Euro Area: Concepts Markets and Institutions. European Central Bank, WP\/22\/19.\r\n[11] Henry W. A. and Imegi, J.C. (2017). Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism and Liquidity of Capital Market: A Time Series Study from Nigeria: 1981-2016. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(5); 1-24.\r\n[12] Ifeoluwa, I. O. and Motilewa, B. D. (2015). Stock market liquidity and economic growth in Nigeria (1980 to 2012). Journal of Economics and International Business Management.\r\n[13] Jhingan, M. L. (2005). Monetary Economics. Delhi: Vrinda Publications Ltd.\r\n[14] Jimenez, G., Ongena, S., Peydro, J., and Saurina, J.(2011). Credit Supply and Monetary Policy. Unpublished Work\r\n[15] Kamin, S B, P Turner &amp; J Van \u2019t dack (1998): \u201cThe transmission of monetary policy in emerging market economies: an overview\u201d, BIS Policy Papers, no 3, Bank for International Settlements.\r\n[16] Mojo, B., &amp; Peersman, G. (2003). A VAR description of the effects of monetary policy in individual countries of the EURO area. Monetary policy transition in the EURO area (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[17] Musa Al-Faki (2006). The Nigerian Capital Market and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis. Nigeria Journal of Banking and Economic Issues, 5(1): 55-67.\r\n[18] Ogunmuyiwa M. S. (2010). \u201cInvestor\u2019s Sentiment, Stock Market Liquidity and economic Growth in Nigeria\u201d Journal of Social Science, Vol. 23 No. 1 pp 63-67\r\n[19] Okonkwo, O. N., Ogwuru, H. O. and Ajudua, E. I. (2014). Stock Market Performance and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Appraisal. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(24), 33-63.\r\n[20] Olaopa, O. R., Ogundari, I. O., Akindele, S. T. and Hassan, O. M. (2011). The Nigerian state and global economic crises: Sociopolitical implications and policy challenges. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 4(2), 45-52.\r\n[21] Olokoyo, F., Oyewo, B., and Babajide, A. (2014). The attitude of Investors to Capital and Money Market Investments Before and After Financial Crisis: Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management, 3(1), 53- 64.\r\n[22] Sanusi, L. A. S. (2009). Assessment of Current Development in the Nigerian Economy and the CBN policy action. BIS Review, 89.\r\n[23] Shao, E. (2010). Credit rationing and endogenous monetary policy. Applied Economic Letters, 17, 437-443.\r\n[24] World Finance (2015) \u2013 http:\/\/finance.mapsofworld.com\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adeoye, Mary A. and Nasiru, Halimah Y. &#8220;Impact of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms on Capital Market Liquidity in Nigeria (2006-2020)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.169-174 June 2021\u00a0 URL : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/169-174.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/169-174.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-monetary-policy-transmission-mechanisms-on-capital-market-liquidity-in-nigeria-2006-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms on Capital Market Liquidity in Nigeria (2006-2020)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9723305 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9723305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97233f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97233f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9723580\" data-id=\"9723580\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97236d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97236d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972379b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972379b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9723929\" data-id=\"9723929\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9723a7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9723a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9723b30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9723b30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9723cbe\" data-id=\"9723cbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9723df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9723df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9723eb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9723eb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9724060\" data-id=\"9724060\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9724180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9724180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Health Information Resources and Clinical Core Skills as Predictors of Medical Doctors Clinical Decision Making in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Alarape, A. A., Adegboye M. O., Ogunniran O. O, Omoba, F. A- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 175-184<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972424a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972424a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972441d\" data-id=\"972441d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9724581 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9724581\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research investigated the extent of accessibility of various health information sources, assess the extent of versatility of Clinical Core Skills and Clinical Decision Making of Medical Doctors in OAUTH, Ile-Ife. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consisted of all the 822 Medical Doctors of various professional status and specializations in (OAUTH), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Four hundred and eleven (411) Medical Doctors formed the sample for this study. Proportionate sampling technique was used to assigned sample size to each area of specialization to ensure fair representation. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select sampled size assigned to each area of specialization. The survey instrument used to collect data was questionnaire titled \u201cHealth Information Resources, Clinical Core Skills and Clinical Decision Making of Medical Doctors (AHIRCCKDM) Data collected were analyzed using appropriate frequency count, mean and standard deviation. The findings indicated that health information resources for clinical decision making were accessible and used to a very high extent. The study concluded that Health Information were accessed and used for Clinical Decision Making among Medical Doctors in OAUTH. The study recommended that the university should make funds available for the OAUTH management to enable her procure modern health information equipment that will enhance easy accessibility of health information and enrich the routine Clinical Decision Making among Medical Doctors in OAUTH.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 175-184\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5608<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alarape, A. A. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nObafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adegboye M. O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Communication and General Studies, College of Agricultural Management and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogunniran O. O<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omoba, F. A<\/strong><\/span>\r\nHezekiah Oluwasanmi Library, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Attama and Ezema (2015). Library and information services: A practical approach. Nigeria: E-Press (Nig.).\r\n[2] Aguolu, C.C. &amp; Aguolu, I.E. (2002) Librarians and information management in Nigeria. Maiduguri: Ed-Linform Services.\r\n[3] Bawden D. (2008). The Worlds of Health Information. Journal of information science, 23(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11771016555150202800106 on 18th March 2019\r\n[4] Buckland, M.K. 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New England Journal of Medicine;296(13):716\u201321.\r\n[34] Weinstein M, Siegel J, Gold M, Kamlet M, Russell L (1996). Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. JAMA;276(15):1253\u201358.\r\n[35] Whitney S, N, Holmes-Rovner M, &amp; Brody H, (2008) Beyond shared decision making: An expanded typology of medical decisions. Med Decis Making 2008;28:699\u2013705 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Alarape, A. A., Adegboye M. O., Ogunniran O. O, Omoba, F. A &#8220;Health Information Resources and Clinical Core Skills as Predictors of Medical Doctors Clinical Decision Making in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.175-184 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5608<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/175-184.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/health-information-resources-and-clinical-core-skills-as-predictors-of-medical-doctors-clinical-decision-making-in-obafemi-awolowo-university-teaching-hospital-ile-ife-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Health Information Resources and Clinical Core Skills as Predictors of Medical Doctors Clinical Decision Making in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97255dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97255dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-9725c1d\" data-id=\"9725c1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9725d58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9725d58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9725e03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9725e03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9725f71\" data-id=\"9725f71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972608f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972608f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9726142 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9726142\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9726298\" data-id=\"9726298\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97263b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97263b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972645c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972645c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97265b0\" data-id=\"97265b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97266bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97266bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9726777 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9726777\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97268d8\" data-id=\"97268d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97269eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97269eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9726a89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9726a89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9726c0d\" data-id=\"9726c0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9726d38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9726d38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> The Effect of Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction with Work Motivation as Intervening Variables<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Rapat Piter Sony Hutahuruk, Haya Haratika- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 185-192<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9726ddc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9726ddc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9726f72\" data-id=\"9726f72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9727280 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9727280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The effect Of Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction With Work Motivation as Intervening Variable. The objectives of this study are: 1). This is to find out how the reward system affects the employee performance of the Procurement of Goods \/ Services at the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government. 2). To find out how the influence of work motivation on employee performance in the procurement of goods \/ services at the government of Serdang Bedagai district. 3). This is to find out how the reward system affects the performance of employees in the procurement of goods \/ services at the Serdang Bedagai Regency Government with work motivation as an intervening variable. This research was conducted in January 2020 at the Office of the Procurement of Goods \/ Services of the Government of Serdang Bedagai Regency. The results of this study indicate. (1) It can be seen that the magnitude of the adjusted R square value is 0.146 or 14.6%. This shows that if the reward system (X) can explain work motivation (Z) by 14.6%, the remaining 85.4% (100% &#8211; 14.6%) is explained by other variables outside of this research model. (2) The results of the t test (partial) show that tcount (1.628) 0.05, It can be concluded that the first hypothesis is rejected, meaning that the reward system variable (X) has no significant on work motivation (Z). (3) The results of the t test (partial) show that the value of t (5.737)&gt; t table (2.034), and the significance value of 0.00 &lt;0.05, it can be concluded that the second hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the reward system (X) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y). (4) The results of the path analysis test show that the direct effect of variable X on variable Y is 0.722. Meanwhile, the indirect effect through variable Z is 0.273 x 0.023 = 0.0627. From the calculation results obtained, it shows that the indirect effect through variable Z is smaller than the direct effect on variable Y.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 185-192\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rapat Piter Sony Hutahuruk<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBina Karya College of Economics, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Haya Haratika <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBina Karya College of Economics, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdullah, M. 2014. Management and Employee Performance Evaluation. : Publisher Aswaja Pressindo. Yogyakarta.\r\n[2] Antoniate, Ihsan. 2011. The Effect of Using Flash Learning Media on Student Learning Outcomes in Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Sub Material, Thesis, FMIPA, Unimed, Medan.\r\n[3] Anwar Prabu, Mangkunegara. 2011. Human Resource Management. PT. Youth Rosda Karya, Bandung.\r\n[4] Buchari Alma. 2011. &#8220;Marketing Management And Marketing Services&#8221;. Alfabeta Publisher: Bandung\r\n[5] Desseler, Gary. 2015. Human Resource Management (Edition Fourteen). Salemba Empat Jakarta.\r\n[6] Edy Sutrisno, 2009. Human Resource Management, Third Edition, Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta\r\n[7] Ghazali, Imam. 2011. &#8220;Application of Multivariate Analysis with the SPSS Program&#8221;Diponegoro University Publishing Agency, Semarang\r\n[8] Hasibuan, Malayu S.P .. 2017. Human Resource Management. Revised Edition. Jakarta: Earth Literacy.\r\n[9] Kotler, and Keller. 2012. &#8220;Marketing Management&#8221;. 12. Jakarta Edition: Erlangga\r\n[10] Keller, Kevin L. 2013. \u201cStrategic Brand Management; Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity \u201d. Fourth Edition Harlow, English: Pearson Education Inc.\r\n[11] Kotler, Philip and Armstrong, Gary, (2014), \u201cPrinciples of Marketing\u201d, 12th Edition, Bob Sabran Translation Volume 1. Erlangga. Jakarta\r\n[12] Nazir, Moh. 2013. &#8220;Research Methods&#8221;. Ghalia Indonesia. Bogor\r\n[13] Sugiyono. 2012. &#8220;Business Research Methodology&#8221;, Printing 16. Alfabeta. Bandung\r\n[14] Suryana. 2013. \u201cEntrepreneurship, Tips and Processes for Success. Jakarta: SALEMBA FOUR. &#8221;\r\n[15] Siagian, Sondang. 2010. Human Resource Management. Jakarta: Earth Literacy\r\n[16] Sutrisno, Edy. 2015. Human Resource Management (7th edition). Kencana Prenada Media Group Jakarta\r\n[17] Syamsiyah, Naili Farida, Rodhiyah. 2013. Analysis of Organizational Performance Measurement Using the Balanced Scorecard Method. Journal Of Social and Politic Diponegoro\r\n[18] Rivai, Veithzal. 2011, Human Resource Management for Companies: From Theory to Practice, Jakarta\r\n[19] Wilson. 2012. Human Resource Management. Erlangga. Jakarta\r\n[20] &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; 2013. &#8220;Quantitative Research Methods, Qualitative and R &amp; D&#8221;. Alfabeta.CV. Bandung:\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rapat Piter Sony Hutahuruk, Haya Haratika &#8220;The Effect of Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction with Work Motivation as Intervening Variables&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.185-192 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/185-192.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/185-192.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-reward-system-on-employee-job-satisfaction-with-work-motivation-as-intervening-variables\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> The Effect of Reward System on Employee Job Satisfaction with Work Motivation as Intervening Variables<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972820e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972899e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9728aff\" data-id=\"9728aff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9728c23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9728c23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9728cc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9728cc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9728e15\" data-id=\"9728e15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9728f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9728f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9728fd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9728fd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972911b\" data-id=\"972911b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9729234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9729234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97292d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97292d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972942c\" data-id=\"972942c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9729531 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9729531\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97295cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97295cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972975f\" data-id=\"972975f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9729883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9729883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Process Improvement on Organizational Performance at Consolbase Limited<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Onesmus M. Mwilu, Dr. Lawrence Wainaina- June 2021 Page No.: 193-197<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972992b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972992b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9729ac0\" data-id=\"9729ac0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972a1f3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"972a1f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The logistical companies have a complex supply chain management (SCM) that requires huge resources to implement because of the scope of internal functions as well as external parties\u2019 operations. This study investigated the influence of process improvement on performance of Consolbase limited. A descriptive design survey was used for the study. The study population was the employees at the Consolbase Limited in the two branches offices. The study used stratified sampling method to sample the respondents. The study sample size was 130 respondents which was determined using Slovenes formula. Piloting was done to determine reliability and validity by use of 10 respondents. The data was collected by the use of questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument. The study established that process management had a positive and significant influence on organizational performance. The study concluded process improvement enables the organization to optimize existing business processes in order to meet best market standards and improve customer experience. The study recommends that the organization should conduct process improvement on a regular basis as a part of a business strategy. Define and deploy strong business processes to engage employees in a valuable way by distributing responsibility and accountability closer to the work itself.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 193-197\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onesmus M. Mwilu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Lawrence Wainaina<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, London: Kogan page\r\n[2] Barney, J. B., &amp; Clark, D. N. (2007). Resource based theory: creating and sustaining competitive advantage, Oxford University Press\r\n[3] Brian, M., &amp; Butz, H. E. (2010). Strategic planning. The missing link in TQM. Quality Progress, 2(8), 5 &#8211; 14\r\n[4] Butz, H. E. (2005). Strategic planning. The missing link in TQM \u201cQuality Progress\u201d 2(8), 45-53\r\n[5] Chao, M. T. &amp; Lin, D. K. J. (2006). Another look at the process capability Index. Quality and reliability Engineering, 2(2), 25 &#8211; 39\r\n[6] Chao, M. T. &amp; Lin, D. K. J. (2006). Another look at the process capability Index. Quality and reliability Engineering, 2(2), 25 &#8211; 39\r\n[7] Cinite, L., Doxbury, L., &amp; Higgins, C. (2008). Measurement of perceived organizational readiness for change in the public sector. British Journal of Management, 4(1), 25 &#8211; 36\r\n[8] Davies, B., &amp; Wilson, D., (2005). TQM \u2013 Organizing for Success. Total Quality Management, 11th International Conference, London\r\n[9] Deming, W. E., (1992). Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position, Massachusetts Institute of technology Centre for Advanced Engineering Studies. Cambridge M. A.\r\n[10] Dondo, P. S. M. (2006). Lean Production, six sigma quality, TQM and company culture. The TQM Magazine, 4(1), 15 &#8211; 27\r\n[11] Drucker, P., (2001). What can we learn from Japanese Management? Harvard business Review, 4(2), 11-23\r\n[12] Feigenbaum, A. (1983). Quality Productivity and competition position Cambridge, MA: Center for advance Engineering Study\r\n[13] Hancott, A. (2006). Determinants of organizational flexibility: a study in emerging economy. British Journal of Management, 7(1), 23 \u2013 36\r\n[14] Homald, A. A., Minaj, M. S. &amp; Rahman, H. A. (2015). TQM and performance linkage in the microfinance institution. The mediating role of IT capability: Asian Social Science, 11 (21)\r\n[15] Ishikawa, K. (2003). What is total quality control? The Japanese way. New York, Englewod cliffs: Prentice hall\r\n[16] Karuppusami, G., &amp; Gandninathan, R. (2006). Pareto analysis of critical success factors of total quality management, A literature review and Analysis, the TQM magazine 18(4), 14-24\r\n[17] Kushwaha, G. S., &amp; Barma, D., (2010). Development of a Theoretical Framework of Supply Chain Quality management. Serbian Journal of management, 5(1), 4 &#8211; 15\r\n[18] Lakhe, R. R. and Tidke, D. J., (2008). A study of Quality Assurance Practices in Small Scale Industries. Industrial Engineering Journal, 22(2), 37 &#8211; 46\r\n[19] Lee, H., Lee, Y., &amp; Yoo, D. (2000). The determinants of perceived quality and its relationship with satisfaction. Journal of services marketing, 1(4), 1-12\r\n[20] Lewis, D. A. (2004). A Comparison of Attitudes of Spanish and American Quality Assurance managers. International Journal of Production and Inventory Management, 3(3), 45 &#8211; 56\r\n[21] McGinnis, Ma. A., Kochunny, C. M. &amp; Ackerman, K. B. (2005). Third Party Logistics choice. The international journal of logistics management, 6(2), 5-14\r\n[22] McLaurin, K. B. (2007). Third Party Logistics choice. The international journal of logistics management, 6(2), 56 &#8211; 69\r\n[23] Nayanatara, G. A. I. (2015). The mediating effect of market orientation on the relationship between total quality management, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of banks in Libya (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia).\r\n[24] Rampersad, H. K. (2005). Managing Total Quality: Enhancing personal and company value New Delphi: Tata McGraw Hill\r\n[25] Salaheldin, S. I. (2009). Critical success factors of the TQM implementation and their impact on performance of SMEs. International Journal of Productivity and performance management, 7(1), 25 &#8211; 29\r\n[26] Schwarz, G., &amp; Huber, G. (2008). Challenging organizational change Research. British Journal of Management, 3(2), 54 &#8211; 66\r\n[27] Talib, F., &amp; Rahman, Z. (2010). Critical success factors of total quality management in service organization. A proposed model service marketing quarterly, 31(3), 45 &#8211; 51\r\n[28] Tilokavicahi, Z. M., Dale, B. G. &amp; Kehoe, D. F. (2012). Doctoral Total Quality Management Research: A study of Themes, Directions and Trends. Total Quality Management, 12(5), 56 &#8211; 69\r\n[29] Welikala, D., and Sohal, A. (2008). Total Quality Management and employee management. acase study of an Australian Organization. Total Quality management and business excellence, 1(3), 56-68\r\n[30] World Bank (2017). Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (English), World Bank Group, Washington, DC\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Onesmus M. Mwilu, Dr. Lawrence Wainaina, &#8220;Influence of Process Improvement on Organizational Performance at Consolbase Limited&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.193-197 June 2021\u00a0 https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/193-197.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/193-197.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-process-improvement-on-organizational-performance-at-consolbase-limited\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Process Improvement on Organizational Performance at Consolbase Limited<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972b0d0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"972b0d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972b1ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972b1ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972b354\" data-id=\"972b354\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972b77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972b77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972b81c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972b81c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972b979\" data-id=\"972b979\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972ba9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972ba9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972bb55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972bb55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972bca2\" data-id=\"972bca2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972bdd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972bdd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972be78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972be78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972c1c2\" data-id=\"972c1c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972c313 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"972c313\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Innovation Strategies on Performance of Real Estates Firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua, Peter Maingi; Stephen M. A. Muathe &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 198-206<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972c3c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972c3c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972c561\" data-id=\"972c561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972c6b0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"972c6b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">For the last 5 years, the real estate in Kenya has been affected negatively by financial crisis that affected the entire world. There has been also a massive expansion of the real estate that calls for innovation and new strategies by the stakeholders in the sector for them to keep abreast with the challenges. Therefore, this study sought to assess the effect of innovation strategies on real estate firms\u2019 performance in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to; determine how Process Innovation Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy, Technology Strategy, and Innovative Customer Service Strategy influences performance of real estate firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. This study used census method since the population was small and the firms were easily accessible. Primary data for this study was collected using copies of questionnaire as its key instrument. SPSS version 25 then aided in analyzing data as it was most apposite and user-friendly for analyzing attitudinal responses that are management related. Data collected was then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and presented using frequency distribution tables and figures. The findings revealed that 90.3% of the total variance in the dependent variable (Performance of Real Estate Firms) could be significantly explained by combined independent variables (Process Innovation Strategy, Product Differentiation Strategy, Technology Strategy, and Innovative Customer Service Strategy). The study therefore concluded that Process Innovation, Product Differentiation, Technology, and Innovative Customer Service Strategies had significant positive effect on the performances of real estate firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya. Therefore, the study recommended that the firms should make use of these strategies so as to boost their performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 198-206\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua, Peter Maingi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stephen M. A. Muathe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Acharya, V. V., &amp; Richardson, M. (2019). Causes of the financial crisis. Critical review, 21(2-3), 195-210.\r\n[2] Afuah, A. (2014). Business model innovation: concepts, analysis, and cases. Routledge.\r\n[3] Agbor, J. M. (2011). The Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality: a study of three Service sectors in Ume\u00e5.\r\n[4] Aliqah, K. M. A. (2017). Differentiation and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from Jordanian companies. Journal of Economics, 3(1), 7-11.\r\n[5] Anderson, N., Poto\u010dnik, K., &amp; Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of management, 40(5), 1297-1333.\r\n[6] Artz, K. W., Norman, P. M., Hatfield, D. E., &amp; Cardinal, L. B. (2010). A longitudinal study of the impact of R&amp;D, patents, and product innovation on firm performance. Journal of product innovation management, 27(5), 725-740.\r\n[7] Atandi, F. G., &amp; Bwisa, H. (2013). Entrepreneurship, Technology &amp; Innovation. Juja: JKUAT.\r\n[8] Baruch, Y., &amp; Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human relations, 61(8), 1139-1160.\r\n[9] Boachie-Mensah, F., &amp; Acquah, I. S. (2015). The effect of innovation types on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis. Archives of Business Research, 3(3).\r\n[10] Bolarinwa, O. A. (2015). Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 22(4), 195.\r\n[11] Boot, A. W., &amp; Schmeits, A. (2018). Challenges to competitive banking: a theoretical perspective. Research in Economics, 52(3), 255-270.\r\n[12] Bowen, F. E., Rostami, M., &amp; Steel, P. (2010). Timing is everything: A meta-analysis of the relationships between organizational performance and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 63(11), 1179-1185.\r\n[13] Bowen, F. E., Rostami, M., &amp; Steel, P. (2010). Timing is everything: A meta-analysis of the relationships between organizational performance and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 63(11), 1179-1185.\r\n[14] Boynton, A. C., Victor, B., &amp; Pine II, B. J. (2019). New competitive strategies: Challenges to organizations and information technology. IBM systems journal, 32(1), 40-64.\r\n[15] Calantone, R. J., Harmancioglu, N., &amp; Droge, C. (2010). Inconclusive innovation \u201creturns\u201d: A meta\u2010analysis of research on innovation in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(7), 1065-1081.\r\n[16] Calantone, R. J., Harmancioglu, N., &amp; Droge, C. (2010). Inconclusive innovation \u201creturns\u201d: A meta\u2010analysis of research on innovation in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(7), 1065-1081.\r\n[17] Calantone, R. J., Harmancioglu, N., &amp; Droge, C. (2010). Inconclusive innovation \u201creturns\u201d: A meta\u2010analysis of research on innovation in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(7), 1065-1081.\r\n[18] Cozza, C., Malerba, F., Mancusi, M. L., Perani, G., &amp; Vezzulli, A. (2012). Innovation, profitability and growth in medium and high-tech manufacturing industries: evidence from Italy. Applied Economics, 44(15), 1963-1976.\r\n[19] De Faria, P., &amp; Mendon\u00e7a, J. (2011). Innovation strategy by firms: do innovative firms grow more?. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 12(2), 173-184.\r\n[20] Dickson, P. R., &amp; Ginter, J. L. (2017). Market segmentation, product differentiation, and marketing strategy. Journal of marketing, 51(2), 1-10.\r\n[21] Dirisu, J. I., Iyiola, O., &amp; Ibidunni, O. S. (2019). Product differentiation: A tool of competitive advantage and optimal organizational performance (A study of Unilever Nigeria PLC). European Scientific Journal, 9(34).\r\n[22] Fagerberg, J., &amp; Verspagen, B. (2009). Innovation studies\u2014The emerging structure of a new scientific field. Research policy, 38(2), 218-233.\r\n[23] Gallouj, F., &amp; Savona, M. (2009). Innovation in services: a review of the debate and a research agenda. Journal of evolutionary economics, 19(2), 149.\r\n[24] Gathuru, J. W. (2014). The effect of macroeconomic variables on the value of real estates supplied in Kenya. Unpublished MSc. Finance Research Project.\r\n[25] Hardwick, J., Anderson, A. R., &amp; Cruickshank, D. (2013). Trust formation processes in innovative collaborations: networking as knowledge building practices. European Journal of Innovation Management, 16(1), 4-21.\r\n[26] Hern\u00e1ndez-Espallardo, M., &amp; Delgado-Ballester, E. (2009). Product innovation in small manufacturers, market orientation and the industry&#8217;s five competitive forces: Empirical evidence from Spain. European Journal of Innovation Management, 12(4), 470-491.\r\n[27] Hervas-Oliver, J. L., Sempere-Ripoll, F., &amp; Boronat-Moll, C. (2019). Process innovation strategy in SMEs, organizational innovation and performance: a misleading debate?. Small business economics, 43(4), 873-886.\r\n[28] Juma, M. I. (2019). 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European Journal of Innovation Management, 13(2), 128-154.\r\n[48] Wicks, A. M., &amp; Roethlein, C. J. (2009). A satisfaction-based definition of quality. The Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 15(1), 82.\r\n[49] Wolff, J. A., &amp; Pett, T. L. (2004). Small-business internationalisation: the relationship between firm resources and export competitive patterns in exporting. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 5(2-3), 246-262.\r\n[50] Zott, C., &amp; Amit, R. (2008). The fit between product market strategy and business model: implications for firm performance. Strategic management journal, 29(1), 1-26.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua, Peter Maingi; Stephen M. A. Muathe &#8220;Effect of Innovation Strategies on Performance of Real Estates Firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.198-206 June 2021\u00a0 URL : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/198-206.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/198-206.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-innovation-strategies-on-performance-of-real-estates-firms-in-mavoko-sub-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Effect of Innovation Strategies on Performance of Real Estates Firms in Mavoko Sub-County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972d5ac elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"972d5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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Page No.: 207-213<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-972e38b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"972e38b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-972e508\" data-id=\"972e508\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972e637 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"972e637\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was designed to analyze the relevance of new crop varieties and the challenges faced by Santa farmers, North West Region of Cameroon. Primary data were collected from 115 farmers involved in the cultivation of new seed varieties using purposive random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The results showed that 45.8% of farmers\u2019 main difficulty encountered for cultivating new crop varieties was difficulty in multiplying seeds successfully. Also, 25.2% of farmers complained of not having access to large lands needed for cultivation. Furthermore, the introduction of new crop varieties led to the gradual disappearance of local seeds which automatically changed many people\u2019s eaten habits in Santa. Despite the challenges faced, the study found that 61.6% of farmers adopted new varieties because it increased their productivity. The results equally reported that new crop varieties equally attracted and employed majority (52.3%) of the youths from towns to villages for farming.The study strongly recommends that the government and other stake holders should focus more on providing means to which farmers can be able to multiply seeds successfully. When this is done, then farmers in Santa are sure of having seeds that can be multiplied easily without incurring so much loss. Hence, this will equally help farmers from buying seeds almost every planting season.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 207-213\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muluh Prudence Mankah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Rural Socioeconomics and Agricultural Extension, University of Dschang, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tohnain Nobert Lengha <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Rural Socioeconomics and Agricultural Extension, University of Dschang, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christopher Mubeteneh Tankou<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Department of crop Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Amungwa FA. (2018). Appraisal of Innovations in Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services in Cameroon\r\n[2] Asiedu Darko EA, (2014). Farmers Perception on Agricultural Technologies a Case of Some Improved Varieties in Ghana\r\n[3] Clements, R., J. Haggar, A. Quezada, and J. Torres (2011). Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation \u2013 Agriculture Sector. X. Zhu (Ed.). UNEP Ris\u00f8 Centre, Roskilde, 2011.\r\n[4] D. A Fontem, M.Y.D Gumedzoe and R Nono-Womdim. Biological Constrain in Tomato Production, west region of Cameroon.\r\n[5] de Vend\u00f4mois JS, Roullier F, Cellier D, S\u00e9ralini GE. A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5(7):706-726. doi:10.7150\/ijbs.5.706. Available from https:\/\/www.ijbs.com\/v05p0706.htm\r\n[6] Diune N.Tarla, (2014). On improved maize varieties on household food security in the North West Region of Cameroon.\r\n[7] Ewa Rembia\u0142kowska.Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Functional &amp; Organic Food &amp; Commodities,Warsaw, Poland (Chapter 4 &amp; 6).\r\n[8] Fojong, (2004).Challenges and Coping Strategies of Women Food Crops\r\n[9] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000. Sustainable Potato Production\r\n[10] Grossman (2006).Factors influencing heath eating habits among college\r\n[11] Hall, J. (2003) Environment: Aliens plant species invade Southern Africa. Global Information Network. June 27: 1-2. 2003\r\n[12] Jill E. Cairns1, Jon Hellin2, Kai Sonder2, Jos\u00e9 Luis Araus3, John F. MacRobert1, Christian Thierfelder1 &amp; B. M. Prasanna4 2013. Adapting maize production to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa\r\n[13] Magdalena Blum (2015). Challenges Agriculture, Extension and Advisory Services face today. Extension Systems Officer Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) EUFRAS International Conference, Green Week Berlin, Germany\r\n[14] Mouafor Boris Igwacho, Carine Temegne Nono, Ajebesone Francis Ngome, Dorothy Malaa2016. Farmer\u2019s Adoption of Improved Cassava Varieties in the Humid Forest Agro-ecological Zone of Cameroon\r\n[15] Renee Cho, 2013. Improving Seeds to Meet Future Challenges Unintended Effects from Breeding\u201d Institute of Medicine and National Research Council.2004.Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects. Washington, DC: THE National Academies Press.doi:10.17226\/10977.\r\n[16] Yeyoung Lee1, Donghwan An1,2,*, and Taeyoon Kim3,* 1 (2017). The Effects of Agricultural Extension Service on Farm Productivity: Evidence from Mbale District in Uganda Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Kore\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muluh Prudence Mankah, Tohnain Nobert Lengha, Christopher Mubeteneh Tankou &#8220;Relevance of New Crop Varieties and the Challenges Faced by Santa Farmers, North West Region of Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.207-213 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/207-213.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/207-213.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relevance-of-new-crop-varieties-and-the-challenges-faced-by-santa-farmers-north-west-region-of-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Relevance of New Crop Varieties and the Challenges Faced by Santa Farmers, North West Region of Cameroon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972f675 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"972f675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97306d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97306d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9730786 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9730786\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97308d7\" data-id=\"97308d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97309e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97309e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9730a85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9730a85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9730bfb\" data-id=\"9730bfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9730d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9730d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>ARIMA Time Series Analysis in Forecasting Daily Stock Price of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Tasnim Uddin Chowdhury, Md. Shahidul Islam- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 214-233<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9730dcc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9730dcc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9730f6b\" data-id=\"9730f6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97310bf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97310bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of the study is to examine the nature of daily share price and select a suitable ARIMA model to forecast the future daily share price from the previous daily share price of Chittagong Stock exchange (CSE). A random sampling method has been followed to collect the closing price of 60 companies for the period of January 2019 to December 2019 (241 trading days). Durbin-Watson test has been conducted to find the autocorrelation in each of the share prices. Then the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been applied to test the stationary of data and the Autocorrelation function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation function (PACF) has been calculated to determine the lag value of moving average MA(q) and autocorrelation AR(p)based on Ljung-Box Test Q, root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percent error and R-square values. After selecting ARIMA (p,d,q) model, forecasted values for each of the shares are calculated for the next 22 trading days of January 2020. Then a comparison has been made between the forecasted prices and the actual share prices by using the Goodness-of-fit Test, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE) to validate the model. The result shows that the ARIMA model is applicable to forecast the daily share price of CSE.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 214-233\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5609<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tasnim Uddin Chowdhury<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor (Finance Discipline), Department of Business Administration, Premier University, Chattogram, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Shahidul Islam <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDivisional Officer, Service Engineering Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chattogram, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahmed, F. (2002). Market Efficiency in Emerging Stock Markets: The Case of Dhaka Stock Exchange. Journal of Business Studies, 23 (1), pp. 157-172.\r\n[2] Alam, M. M., Uddin, M. G. S. (2007). The Impacts of Interest Rate on Stock Market: Empirical Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange. South Asian Journal of Management and Sciences, Vol. 1(2), pp. 123-132.\r\n[3] Al-Shaib, M. (2006). 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Mean Reversion in Stock Returns: Evidence and Implications. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 27-59.\r\n[31] Rahman, S. &amp; Hossain, F. (2006). Weak-Form Efficiency: Testimony of Dhaka Stock Exchange. Journal of Business Research, 8, pp.1-12.\r\n[32] Roux, F. J. P., Gilbertson, D. P. (1978). The behavior of share prices on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting. vol.5 (2), pp.223-232\r\n[33] Simons, D., Laryea, S.A. (2004). Testing the Efficiency of selected African Stock Markets. A Working Paper. http:\/\/paper.ssrn.com\/so13\/paper.cfm?abstract_id=874808.\r\n[34] Sch\u00f6neburg, E. (1990). Stock price prediction using neural networks: A project report. Neurocomputing, 2(1):17\u201327.\r\n[35] Sen, J. &amp;Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2018a). Understanding the sectors of Indian economy for portfolio choice. International Journal of Business Forecasting and Marketing Intelligence, 4(2), 178-222. DOI: 10.1504\/IJBFMI.2018.090914\r\n[36] Sen, J. &amp;Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2018b). Stock price prediction using machine learning and deep learning frameworks. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Business Analytics and Intelligence (ICBAI\u201918), Bangalore, India, December 20-22, 2018.\r\n[37] Sen, J. &amp;Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2017a). A time series analysis-based forecasting framework for the Indian healthcare sector. Journal of Insurance and Financial Management, 3(1), 66-94.\r\n[38] Sen, J. &amp;Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2017b). A predictive analysis of the Indian FMCG sector using time series decomposition based approach. Journal of Economics Library, 4(2), 206-226. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1453\/jel.v4i2.1282\r\n[39] Sen, J. &amp; Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2017c). A time series analysis-based forecasting approach for the Indian realty sector. International Journal of Applied Economic Studies, 5(4), 8 \u2013 27.\r\n[40] Sen, J. &amp; Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2017d). A robust predictive model for stock price forecasting. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Business Analytics and Intelligence, Bangalore, India, December 11-13, 2017.\r\n[41] Sen, J. &amp; Datta Chaudhuri, T. (2016). An alternative framework for time series decomposition and forecasting and its relevance for portfolio choice \u2013 a comparative study of the Indian consumer durable and small-cap sector. Journal of Economic Library, 3(2), 303-326.\r\n[42] Sohail, C., Kamal, S., &amp; Ali, I., (2012). Modelling and volatility analysis of share prices using ARCH and GARCH models. World Applied Sciences Journal. 19(1), 77\u201382.\r\n[43] Solnik, B., (1973). Note on the Validity of the Random Walk for European Stock Prices. Journal of Finance, 28: 1151\u20131159.\r\n[44] Wei, L.-Y. (2013). A hybrid model based on ANFIS and adaptive expectation genetic algorithm to forecast TAIEX. Economic Modelling, 33:893\u2013899.\r\n[45] Yeh, C. Y., Huang, C. W. &amp; Lee, S. J. (2011). A multiple-kernel support vector regression approach for stock market price forecasting. Expert Systems with Applications, 38: 2177\u20132186.\r\n[46] Yoon, Y., Guimaraes, T., &amp; Swales, G. (1994). Integrating artificial neural networks with rule-based expert systems. Decision Support Systems, 11(5):497\u2013507.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tasnim Uddin Chowdhury, Md. Shahidul Islam &#8220;ARIMA Time Series Analysis in Forecasting Daily Stock Price of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.214-233 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5609<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/214-233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" 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in Forecasting Daily Stock Price of Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973213b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"973213b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9732868 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9732868\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97329bc\" data-id=\"97329bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9732ad6 elementor-widget 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97333d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97333d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973347c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973347c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97335d8\" data-id=\"97335d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97336e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97336e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of the Influence of Employee Salaries, Job Stability, Job Enrichment on Employee Commitment with Job Satisfaction as Mediation<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Muhammad Donal Mon, Herianto Wiranata- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 234-238<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973377f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973377f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97338f8\" data-id=\"97338f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9733a2b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9733a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to examine the effect of employee salary, job stability, and job enrichment on employee commitment to the manufacturing industry in Batam with job satisfaction as mediation. The object of research is employees who work in manufacturing companies in the city of Batam. The sampling technique used random sampling by using questionnaires for data collection by distributing questionnaires directly and partly through google forms, because not all companies and employees can be found directly during this pandemic. The data that has been collected was tested using Smart PLS version 3.0 to test the validity of the reliability and hypothesis testing. The results showed that job stability and job enrichment had no positive and significant effect on employee satisfaction, while salary, job stability and job enrichment and job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on employee commitment. In the mediation test, job enrichment does not have a positive effect on work commitment with job satisfaction as mediation.The results of this study are expected to be input for business actors in manufacturing companies which are widely available in Batam. Several limitations and recommendations for future research were also included in this study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 234-238\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Donal Mon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversitas Internasional Batam (UIB), Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Shahidul Islam <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversitas Internasional Batam (UIB), Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Achmad, Z. A., &amp; Ida, R. (2018). Etnografi Virtual Sebagai Teknik Pengumpulan Data Dan Metode Penelitian. The Journal of Society &amp; Media, 2(2), 130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26740\/jsm.v2n2.p130-145\r\n[2] Agnew, C. R., Hadden, B. W., Tan, K., Agnew, C. R., Hadden, B. W., &amp; Tan, K. (2019). Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University It \u2019 s about time\u202f: Readiness , commitment and stability in close relationships It \u2019 s About Time\u202f: Readiness , Commitment , and Stability in Close Relationships. 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550619829060\r\n[3] Ali, A. A., Edwin, O., &amp; Tirimba, O. I. (2015). Analysis of Extrinsic Rewards and Employee Satisfaction: Case of Somtel Company in Somaliland. International Journal of Business Management &amp; Economic Research, 6(6), 417\u2013435.\r\n[4] BPS. (2021). Indikator Pasar Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.\r\n[5] Chan, X. W., Kalliath, P., Chan, C., &amp; Kalliath, T. (2020). How does family support facilitate job satisfaction? Investigating the chain mediating effects of work\u2013family enrichment and job-related well-being. Stress and Health, 36(1), 97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2918\r\n[6] Darma, P. S., &amp; Supriyanto, A. S. (2017). the Effect of Compensation on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), 1(1), 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18860\/mec-j.v1i1.4524\r\n[7] Dhurup, M., Surujlal, J., &amp; Kabongo, D. M. (2016). Finding Synergic Relationships in Teamwork, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of a Construction Organization in a Developing Country. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35(October 2015), 485\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2212-5671(16)00060-5\r\n[8] Emeya, S., &amp; Antiaobong, E. O. (2016). Motivation and Regular Salary as Determinants of Agricultural Science Teacher\u2019s Commitment and Accomplishment of their Professional Responsibilities in Rivers State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 12(13), 168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19044\/esj.2016.v12n13p168\r\n[9] Failla, V., Melillo, F., &amp; Reichstein, T. (2017). Entrepreneurship and employment stability \u2014 Job matching, labour market value, and personal commitment. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(2), 162\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2017.01.002\r\n[10] Filandri, M., Pasqua, S., &amp; Tomatis, F. (2019). \u2018 Bread for all , and Roses , too \u2019: satisfaction for job stability and wage among Italian young workers. Satisfaction for Job Stability and Wage among Italian Young Workers, 1\u201314.\r\n[11] He, F., Deng, Y., &amp; Li, W. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 719\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25766\r\n[12] Hendryadi, H. (2017). Validitas Isi: Tahap Awal Pengembangan Kuesioner. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT, 2(2), 169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36226\/jrmb.v2i2.47\r\n[13] Hirschi, A., Herrmann, A., Nagy, N., &amp; Spurk, D. (2016). All in the name of work? Nonwork orientations as predictors of salary, career satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95\u201396, 45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvb.2016.07.006\r\n[14] Iqbal, S., Guohao, L., &amp; Akhtar, S. (2017). Effects of Job Organizational Culture, Benefits, Salary on Job Satisfaction Ultimately Affecting Employee Retention. Review of Public Administration and Management, 05(03). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2315-7844.1000229\r\n[15] Kianto, A., S\u00e1enz, J., &amp; Aramburu, N. (2017). Knowledge-based human resource management practices, intellectual capital and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 81(December 2016), 11\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.07.018\r\n[16] Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. In Health Promotion Practice (Vol. 16, Issue 4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524839915580941\r\n[17] Mahmood, A., Akhtar, M. N., Talat, U., Shuai, C., &amp; Hyatt, J. C. (2019). Specific HR practices and employee commitment: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Emerlard Insight, 41(3), 420\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ER-03-2018-0074\r\n[18] Manajemen, P. S., Ekonomi, F., &amp; Mahendradatta, U. (2021). Abstrak Jurnal Satyagraha. 03(02), 28\u201348.\r\n[19] Martinez-Sanchez, A., Perez-Perez, M., Vela-Jimenez, M. J., &amp; Abella-Garces, S. (2018). Job satisfaction and work\u2013family policies through work-family enrichment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33(4\u20135), 386\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JMP-10-2017-0376\r\n[20] Mon, M. D., Jasfar, F., &amp; Arafah, W. (2019). The Effect of Organizational Structure , Organizational Strategy , and Change Management on Firm Performance with Organizational Commitments As Mediation Variables in Manufakturing Industries. International Journal of Research and Inovation in Social Science (IJRISS), III(X), 13\u201320.\r\n[21] Ramadiani. (2017). STATISTIKA DESKRIPTIF Suprayogi Statistika Deskriptif. Statistika Deskriptif, 1\u201321.\r\n[22] Rastogi, M., Karatepe, O. M., &amp; Mehmetoglu, M. (2019). Linking resources to career satisfaction through work\u2013family enrichment. Service Industries Journal, 39(11\u201312), 855\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02642069.2018.1449835\r\n[23] S\u00e1nchez-Sellero, M. C., S\u00e1nchez-Sellero, P., Cruz-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. M., &amp; S\u00e1nchez-Sellero, F. J. (2017). Stability and satisfaction at work during the Spanish economic crisis. Prague Economic Papers, 26(1), 72\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18267\/j.pep.596\r\n[24] Tahir, U. (2016). Impact of Salary Structure , Employee Perception and Working Conditions on the Organizational Commitment in Sme. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(7), 64\u201372.\r\n[25] Winda, O., Nayati, U. H., &amp; Arik, P. (2017). Impact of Compensation and Career Development on Job Satisfaction. Rjoas, 4(4), 113\u2013119.\r\n[26] Xia-zi, S., Yan, W., Qian-wen, C., &amp; Xia-zi, S. (2018). Research on the Impact of Salary Benefit on Employee Stability. 221(Ceed), 239\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/ceed-18.2018.50\r\n[27] Yusup, F. (2018). Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jurnal Tarbiyah\u202f: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 7(1), 17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18592\/tarbiyah.v7i1.2100\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Donal Mon, Herianto Wiranata &#8220;Analysis of the Influence of Employee Salaries, Job Stability, Job Enrichment on Employee Commitment with Job Satisfaction as Mediation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.234-238 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/234-238.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/234-238.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-the-influence-of-employee-salaries-job-stability-job-enrichment-on-employee-commitment-with-job-satisfaction-as-mediation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of the Influence of Employee Salaries, Job Stability, Job Enrichment on Employee Commitment with Job Satisfaction as Mediation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9734ad8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9734ad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9734ef2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9734ef2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973504b\" data-id=\"973504b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9735157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9735157\" 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9735a5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9735a5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9735ccd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9735ccd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9735e53\" data-id=\"9735e53\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9735f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9735f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9736010 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9736010\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9736180\" data-id=\"9736180\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973628a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973628a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> The role of Self-Help Groups\u2019 Structures in Uplifting the Livelihoods of Households in Nyakach Sub County of Kisumu County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Paul Okello Atieno, George Moseh, Nicholas K. Ombachi- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 239-246<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9736333 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9736333\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97364ac\" data-id=\"97364ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97365ee elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97365ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Joint liability lending strategy adopted by Self Help Groups (SHGs) has provided a panacea for financial exclusion previously associated with the rural poor. Access to SHG micro-credit by the rural poor enables acquisition of assets for improved production as well as food and better livelihood. However, poverty levels in some regions in Kenya remain high despite the existence of several SHGs. There were about 796 registered self-help groups in Nyakach Sub-County by December 2015. In the study area, poverty level had moved from 18% to 43% in the period up to 2019, representing 238% rise. The situation contradicts evidence from other developed countries across the globe especially parts of Asia and Europe which show that self-help groups have positive influence on the overall development of society. The purpose of the study was to explore how structures of SHGs influence livelihoods of households in Nyakach Sub County, Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine how types of SHGs influence livelihood of households; assess the influence SHG size has on the livelihood of households and to determine how objective based SHGs influence households\u2019 livelihoods. The theory of Collective Action (CA) stipulating that mobilization of groups of vulnerable population to fight a common problem which has been overlooked by responsible public institutions guided the study. Descriptive design was employed on a target population of 9450 from which a sample size of 384 respondents was calculated via Yamane\u2019s formula. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the SHG members whereas Key Informant interviews were used to collect data from Divisional Social Services Officers (DSSOs) who were non SHG members. Findings showed that financial and social capitals were the livelihood aspects highly influenced by structures of SHGs and the size and objective-based SHGs had high influence on livelihood of households. The influence of SHG structure on livelihood was significant but small (n=384; r = .427; p &lt; 0.05). It was concluded that the influence of structure was not homogeneous. The study recommended that structures of SHGs should be aligned to contextual conditions of the household members.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 239-246\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5610<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul Okello Atieno<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKisii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George Moseh <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMuranga University of Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicholas K. Ombachi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agrawal, N., Thakur, S. and Singh, R. (2016). Empowerment of women through self-help group: A case study. Progressive Research \u2013 An International Journal, 11 (2), 266-268\r\n[2] Alison, E. and Nambiar, D. (2013). Collective action and women\u2019s agency: A background paper. Women\u2019s Voice, Agency and Participation Research Series 4.\r\n[3] Atieno, P.O. (2017). 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(1967): Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. 2nd Edition. New York: Harper and Row\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Paul Okello Atieno, George Moseh, Nicholas K. Ombachi &#8220;The role of Self-Help Groups\u2019 Structures in Uplifting the Livelihoods of Households in Nyakach Sub County of Kisumu County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.239-246 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5610<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/239-246.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-self-help-groups-structures-in-uplifting-the-livelihoods-of-households-in-nyakach-sub-county-of-kisumu-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong> The role of Self-Help Groups\u2019 Structures in Uplifting the Livelihoods of Households in Nyakach Sub County of Kisumu County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9737578 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9737578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9737c18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9737c18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9737cd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9737cd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9737e37\" data-id=\"9737e37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9737f44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9737f44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9737fe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9737fe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973814f\" data-id=\"973814f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9738265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9738265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9738327 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9738327\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9738651\" data-id=\"9738651\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9738775 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9738775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9738828 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9738828\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973897a\" data-id=\"973897a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9738a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9738a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9738b3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9738b3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9738cbb\" data-id=\"9738cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9738ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9738ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Logistic Regression Model to Identify Factors Influencing Secondary School Students\u2019 University Attendance Decision in the Southern Part of Sierra Leone<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Regina Baby Sesay- June 2021 Page No.: 247-259<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9738e7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9738e7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9738ff2\" data-id=\"9738ff2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9739131 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9739131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">University education does not only increase earnings by providing skills that increase the chance of employment opportunities, but also promotes the economic growth of the country concern. For a developing country like Sierra Leone, a step to attain university education is a step towards moving away from poverty. It is therefore the desire of each and every parent to see their children through university level education. However, there are some unavoidable factors that may influence the ability and desire of provincial secondary (high) school students to further their education to university level. In Sierra Leone today, despite the increasing number of school dropouts, no clear-cut research has been carried out to address this great issue of concern. This research work, therefore, used a binary logistic regression modelling technique to identify the main factors influencing students\u2019 decision to attend a university of their choice after secondary (or high) school education. For this purpose, a stratified random sampling method was employed to select 363 respondents proportionately from each of the secondary schools in the Mokonde community, Korie chiefdom, Moyamba District, southern part of Sierra Leone. Data were collected from the selected respondents using structured questionnaires. To further ascertain the appropriateness of the chosen binary logistic regression model, two additional regression models, the proportional odd ordinal logistic regression model and the unconstrained partial proportional odd ordinal logistic regression model were also used in the analysis. However, statistical tests showed that the chosen binary logistic regression model outperformed the two ordinal regression models. Based on the result of the empirical analysis, the gender of the secondary (high) school student; the father\u2019s income level; the mother\u2019s income level; the annual average score and the number of study hours are the main factors influencing student\u2019s university attendance decision in the study area. Male secondary (or high) school students are more likely to attend university than their female counterparts. High school students whose fathers are on a high level income scale are more likely to attend university than those whose fathers are on the low level income scale. Also, the higher the average score of the secondary school student the greater the possibility of the student to enter university and above all, the more hours the student spends on studying his or her academic work, the greater the possibility for the student to enter university.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 247-259\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5611<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Regina Baby Sesay<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Technology, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahawo, H. (2009). Factors Enhancing Student Academic Performance in Public Mixed Day\r\n[2] Bell, K. L, Allen, J. P., Mauser, S. T., &amp; O&#8217;Conner, T. G. (1996). Family factors and young adults transitions: Educational attainment and occupational prestige..\r\n[3] Colclough C, Rose P and Tembon M (2000) Gender inequalities in primary schooling: The roles of poverty and adverse cultural practice. International Journal of Educational Development 20(1): 5\u201327\r\n[4] Considine, G. &amp;Zappala, G. (2002). Influence of social and economic disadvantage in the academic performance of school students in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 38, 129-148.\r\n[5] D. E. Ukpong &amp; I. N. George (2013), Length of Study-Time Behaviour and Academic Achievement of Social Studies Education Students in the University of Uyo, International Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 3; 2013 ISSN 1913-9020 E-ISSN 1913-9039\r\n[6] Galambos, N. L., &amp; Silbereisen, R. K. (1987). Income change, parental life outlook, and adolescent expectations for job success. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 141-149.\r\n[7] Gbore, A. (2006). Factor Wondering Effective Study Habits Among Students: A Hand Book for Students in Colleges and Universities. Nakuru: Egerton Publishing\r\n[8] Hagiwara Y, Reynolds I. (2015) In Japan, 1 in 6 children lives in poverty, putting education, future at stake. The Japan Times. September 10, 2015;Sect. National\/Social Issues. images\/0019\/001907\/190771.\r\n[9] Jeynes, W. H. (2002). Examining the effects of parental absence on the academic achievement of adolescents: The challenge of controlling for family income. Journal of family and Economic Issues, 23 (2), 65-78.\r\n[10] Ko\u00e7, Y., Terzio\u011flu, E. A., Kayalar, F. (2018). Examination of individual achievement motivation and general self-efficacy of candidates entering into special talent exam in physical education and sports sciences. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 9(2), 64\u201373.\r\n[11] Logunmak in, G. F. (2001). Predicting the academic success of students from diverse populations. Journal of College Student Retention, 2(4), 295-311.\r\n[12] McCullagh P, Nelder JA (1989), Generalized Linear Models New York: Chapman and Hall\r\n[13] Oloo, M.A. (2003). Gender disparity in student Achievement in day secondary schools. Migori: Maseno University\r\n[14] Peduzzi, P, Concato, J, Kemper, E, et al. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 1373\u20131379\r\n[15] Sabates R, Akyeampong K, Westbrook J, et al. (2011) School dropout: Patterns, causes, changes and policies. Education for All Global Monitoring Report. Available at: http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Regina Baby Sesay, &#8220;A Logistic Regression Model to Identify Factors Influencing Secondary School Students\u2019 University Attendance Decision in the Southern Part of Sierra Leone&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.247-259 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5611<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/247-259.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-logistic-regression-model-to-identify-factors-influencing-secondary-school-students-university-attendance-decision-in-the-southern-part-of-sierra-leone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> A Logistic Regression Model to Identify Factors Influencing Secondary School Students\u2019 University Attendance Decision in the Southern Part of Sierra Leone<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973a57a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"973a57a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973a70c elementor-section-boxed 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elementor-element-973ad09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973ad09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973af5f\" data-id=\"973af5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973b187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973b187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973b2ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973b2ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973b767\" data-id=\"973b767\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973b9bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973b9bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973bab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973bab9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973bcd3\" data-id=\"973bcd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973bf27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973bf27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973c06d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973c06d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973c314\" data-id=\"973c314\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973c4bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973c4bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An assessment on the Provision, Quality and Adequacy of School Welfare Facilities in Lusaka <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kaiko Mubita &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 260-267<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973c5a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973c5a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973c74d\" data-id=\"973c74d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973c89b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"973c89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper assessed the provision, quality and adequacy of welfare facilities in selected schools of Lusaka city. The study used descriptive survey design. To this effect, 5 schools were sampled to participate in this study. Data was collected using focus group discussions and unstructured observation. Data analysis was done through thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that welfare facilities were positively associated with teachers\u2019 and pupils\u2019 performance in schools. The study, therefore, recommended that education policy makers, implementers and all stakeholders must pay much attention to the provision of welfare facilities in schools to cater for teachers, pupils and other school staff. These welfare facilities include clean drinking water, sanitary conveniences, eating facilities, change rooms and so on. More so, these welfare facilities should be adequate and of quality to the users in relation to population of a given school.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 260-267\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kaiko Mubita<\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Cohen, L., Manion, L., &amp; Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Ed.). London: Rutledge\r\n[2] Creswell, J.M. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. California: Sage\r\n[3] Ferrett, Eand Hughes, P. (2007). Introduction to Health and Safety at Work. Third edition. The handbook for students on NEBOSH and other introductory H&amp;S courses pages 23-27\r\n[4] Herzberg, F (1959). The Motivation to Work. Print. Turabian (6th Ed.)\r\n[5] Health and Safety Executive (2020), Welfare Facilities at Work. https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk \u203a health-safety Accessed on 7\/05\/21\r\n[6] Institute of Medicine (1997). Schools and Health: Our National Investment. Washington DC. Natioanl Press Academy Press.\r\n[7] Jaskiewicz, W., K., Tulenko (2012). Increasing community health worker productivity and effectiveness: a review of the influence of the work environment, Human Resources Health, 10, p. 2-9.\r\n[8] Jones, H. (1983) Employers&#8217; Welfare Schemes and Industrial Relations in Inter-War Britain, Business History, 25, pp. 61-75.\r\n[9] Mubita, K. (2016). Barriers to effective safety and health management at Sefula secondary school in western Zambia. Asian Journal of Management Sciences &amp; Education Vol. 5(4) October 2016, pp 88-95\r\n[10] Mubita, K., Milupi, I., Monde, P. N and Simooya, S.M. (2020). A Proposed Holistic Approach to Fire Safety Management in Zambian Markets.International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), Vol 7, no. 11, 2020, pp. 93-101 doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20431 \/2349-0381.0711011\r\nNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (1998). Assessing Occupational Safety and Health Training. A Literature Review. 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998\r\n[11] Mubita, K., Phiri, T. K., Monde, P.N. and Simooya, S.M. (2016). Safety and Health Issues in Selected Schools of Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia.International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 27, Issue 8, Pages 1993-1998. doi.org\/10.20431\/2349-0381.0310010\r\n[12] Servais, J., M. (2009) International Labour Organization. ielaws.com. ielaws.com.\r\n[13] Shinn, M. Toohey, S., M. (2003). Community contexts of human welfare, Annual Review of Psychology, 54, pp. 427-459.\r\n[14] UNICEF (2018) Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools: Global baseline reportNew York: United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization, 2018\r\n[15] United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Treaty Series, 1577, 3\r\n[16] UN General Assembly, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 21 October 2015, A\/RES\/70\/1, available at: https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/57b6e3e44.html [accessed 8 June 2021]\r\n[17] World Health Organisation. (2004). Promoting Mental Health. A Report of the World Health Organization, The University of Melbourne\r\n[18] World Health Organisation. (2016). The situation of water, sanitation and hygiene in schools in the pan-European region. UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark\r\n[19] World Health Organization. (2009). Water, sanitation and hygiene links to health. Facts and figures. WHO, Geneva. Available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/publications\/facts2004\/en\/index.html\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kaiko Mubita &#8220;An assessment on the Provision, Quality and Adequacy of School Welfare Facilities in Lusaka &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.260-267 June 2021\u00a0 URL : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/260-267.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/260-267.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-assessment-on-the-provision-quality-and-adequacy-of-school-welfare-facilities-in-lusaka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An assessment on the Provision, Quality and Adequacy of School Welfare Facilities in Lusaka <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973d727 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"973d727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973d817 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973d817\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973d99b\" data-id=\"973d99b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973dace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973dace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973db7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973db7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973dcd8\" data-id=\"973dcd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973dde3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973dde3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973e077 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973e077\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973e1fa\" data-id=\"973e1fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973e30e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973e30e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973e3c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973e3c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973e534\" data-id=\"973e534\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973e647 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"973e647\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>On the Myth and Magic of Apparitions: A Study Based on Mother Mary\u2019s Church in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Surani Fernando and K.A.A. N Thilakarathna- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 268-279<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-973e710 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"973e710\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-973e8c0\" data-id=\"973e8c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973ea06 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"973ea06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The design of this research article is to bring about the overall understanding about a Christian Religious myth on Mother Mary\u2019s appearances or magical revelations at churches to people and how these revelations impacted in creating new religious dogmas. These revelations are being experienced in all over the world from small scale to large scale including Sri Lanka and how people have absorbed these beliefs leading to social changes. The article gives an explanation on the root causes and other reasons that lead to a religious belief or a dogma. The article is constructed contrasting and the connections with the thoughts abided with Mother Mary\u2019s revelations to people. The essay is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The Methodology used is epistemological.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 268-279\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Surani Fernando<\/strong><\/span>\r\nB.A, M.SOC (Sociology), University of Colombo, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K.A.A. N Thilakarathna <\/strong><\/span>\r\nLL.B. (Colombo) LL.M. (KDU), Attorney at Law, Lecturer, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Althsussar, L.1971. New Ideology and Ideological State Apparatus.USA: Maple Press.\r\n[2] Asad, T. 1993. The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological category. The John Hopkins University Press.\r\n[3] Arsmstrong, K. 1993. A History of God. New York: Random House Galantine Books pp. 357\r\n[4] A Guide to Apparitions of Our Blessed Virgin Mary Equate Sur Les Apparitions De La Vierge.\r\n[5] Bennet , J. S. 2012. When the Sun Danced, Myth, Miracles and Modernity in Early Twentieth-Century Portugal. London: University of Virginia Press Charlottesville ISBN \u2013 978-0- 8139-3250-7\r\n[6] Balasooriya , T. 1997. Mary and Human Liberation The story and the Text. ISBN 0264674596\r\n[7] Bialystole University Faculty of History and Sociology the Religious Studies Review 2010\r\n[8] Census and Statistics Records, Department of Census and Statistics. Carmel Seth Phana Church Records.\r\n[9] Durkhiem, E. 1954. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: The Free Press.\r\n[10] De Silva, Premakumara 2012. Beyond the Sacred Journey: Pilgrimage Practices at the Temple of Sri Pada Social Scientists Association: University of Colombo\r\n[11] Davis, K.1959. The Myth of Functional Analysis as a Special Method in Sociology and Anthropology American Sociological Review: American Sociological Association.\r\n[12] Divisional secretariat Records, 2012\r\n[13] Freud, S. 1933,1913. New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis: Hogarth Press Martino Publishing ISBN16-1427-4649, Totem and Taboo 1913 Peacon Press , The Future of an Illusion1927, Civilization and its Discontents 1938, Moses and Monotheism 1939, Obsessive Actions and Religious Practices 1907, The Psychopathology of Everyday Life 1901, Psychosexual Development 1905.\r\n[14] Fuebach, L. 2014. The Essence of Religion Literary Licensing LLC ISBN: 1479 4239X.\r\n[15] Foley, D.A. 2002. Marian Apparition, The Bible and the Modern World Last five centuries French and Russian Revolution Rise of Nazism. England: Gracewing, Herefordshire ISBN 0852443137.\r\n[16] Gombrich, R., &amp; Obeysekara G.1988. Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka. New Delhi, USA: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers pvt Ltd.\r\n[17] Holy Bible King James Version 2013: John 20:24-29 1 John 4:1, 2 Corinthians 11:14-15, Romans 5:1, The Book of Revelations, Exodus 20: 1-12.\r\n[18] Halemba, A. 2015. Negotiation Marian Apparitions: The Politics of Religion Ukraine. New York: Central European Press Budapest ISBN 978- 615-5053-36-8.\r\n[19] Inkles, A. 2013. Becoming Modern: Individual change in six developing countries. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674499336\r\n[20] Lewis, C. S. 2012. The Rationalization of Miracles, Stanford University California.\r\n[21] Lankadeepa Newspaper, 1998 August 28th.\r\n[22] Mircea, E. M. 1976. A History: Religious Ideas From the Stone age to the Eleuisnian Mysteries. University of Chicago Press, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. University of South Africa: Mifflin Harcourt Trade and Reference Publishers ISBN 13: 978-0- 15- 679201-1\r\n[23] Marx, K. 1848. The Communist Manifesto Germany, Das Kapital ISBN 978-80-268-9283-0\r\n[24] 1973, Society and Social Change. Chicago &amp;London: University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-50918-4, On Religion 1955 New York: Devor Publications Mineola ISBN -13: 978-0-486-45450- 4, Introduction to a contribution to the critique of Hegel\u2019s Philosophy of Right collected works : New York\r\n[25] Mac Donell, A. A 2000. Vedic Mythology Munshiram Manoharalal Publishers Re-print of the German classic 1897 ISBN 108121509491\r\n[26] Halemba, A. 2015. Negotiation Marian Apparitions: The Politics of Religion Ukraine. New York: Central European Press Budapest ISBN 978- 615-5053-36-8.\r\n[27] Inkles, A. 2013. Becoming Modern: Individual change in six developing countries. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674499336\r\n[28] Lewis, C. S. 2012. The Rationalization of Miracles, Stanford University California.\r\n[29] Lankadeepa Newspaper, 1998 August 28th.\r\n[30] Mircea, E. M. 1976. A History: Religious Ideas From the Stone age to the Eleuisnian Mysteries. University of Chicago Press, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. University of South Africa: Mifflin Harcourt Trade and Reference Publishers ISBN 13: 978-0- 15- 679201-1\r\n[31] Marx, K. 1848. The Communist Manifesto Germany, Das Kapital ISBN 978-80-268-9283-0 1973, Society and Social Change. Chicago &amp;London: University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-50918-4, On Religion 1955 New York: Devor Publications Mineola ISBN -13: 978-0-486-45450- 4, Introduction to a contribution to the critique of Hegel\u2019s Philosophy of Right collected works : New York\r\n[32] Mac Donell, A. A 2000. Vedic Mythology Munshiram Manoharalal Publishers Re-print of the German classic 1897 ISBN 108121509491\r\n[33] Fr. Mihiran. I. 2018. Mother Mary the Model of Faith, Love and Hope. Catholic Messenger.Pp11\r\n[34] Obeysekara. G. 1984. The cult of Goddess Pattini. USA: University of Chicago Press ISBN 0226616029, Medusa\u2019s Hair: An Essay on Personal symbols and Religious Experiences.\r\n[35] Prem Nivasa Mother Theresa Missionaries Records.\r\n[36] Sister Bertha\u2019s notes on the Apparitions of the church Prem Nivasa \u201cMother Theresa Missionaries\u201d Rawathawattha.\r\n[37] Sriven,J. et.al Mayo Clinic 2007. Seizures among public figures: Lessons Learned from the Epilepsy of Pope Pius 1X\r\n[38] Stiraat, R.L Power and Religiosity in a Post Colonial setting School of African Asian Studies. Cambridge: University of Sussex University Press.\r\n[39] Swartz, L. Z. 1994. Encountering Mary: From La Saletle to Mediugorje ISBN 9781400861637\r\n[40] Saadawi, N.E. 1980. The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World.United Kingdom: Zed Books Ltd: ISBN: 978- 1- 78360- 747-1.\r\n[41] Turner, E. 2012. Communitas: The Anthropology of collective Joy Contemporary Anthropology of Religion.USA: Palgrave Mc Millan, ISBN 1137016426.\r\n[42] University of Dayton Ohio Marian Apparition Directory.\r\n[43] Dr Umesh, C. 2018 Holy Rosary: A Powerful weapon against the Evil. 20th May Pp18.\r\n[44] Visionaries World Congress 1993 Poland.\r\n[45] Varghese, R. A. 2011. God Sent: A History of the Accredited Apparitions of Mary. Crossroad Publishing Company ISBN 0824526511.\r\n[46] Weber, M. 1984. Recent Research on Max Webber\u2019s studies of Hinduism papers submitted to a conference held in New Delhi, 1952 Ancient Judaism.New York: Free Press Mc Milan Publishing Co.., Inc, 1963 The Sociology of Religion USA: Beacon Press ISBN 0807042056 9780807042052, 1958 The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons ISBN 9780486122373.\r\n[47] Woodhead,L., &amp; Partige,C.,&amp; Kawanami, H. 2016. Religions in the Modern World Traditions and Transformation. New York: Routeledge ISBN: 978-0- 415- 85880-9.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Surani Fernando and K.A.A. N Thilakarathna &#8220;On the Myth and Magic of Apparitions: A Study Based on Mother Mary\u2019s Church in Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.268-279 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/268-279.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/268-279.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/on-the-myth-and-magic-of-apparitions-a-study-based-on-mother-marys-church-in-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>On the Myth and Magic of Apparitions: A Study Based on Mother Mary\u2019s Church in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-973f82a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"973f82a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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elementor-element elementor-element-97408b0\" data-id=\"97408b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97409be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97409be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9740a58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9740a58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9740ba9\" data-id=\"9740ba9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9740cae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9740cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9740d70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9740d70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9740f1f\" data-id=\"9740f1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974103c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974103c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>School Facilities and Infrastructure Management in Improving Education Quality<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Felia Santika, Sowiyah, Umigiarini Pangestu and Mutiara Nurahlaini- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 280-285<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97410f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97410f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9741276\" data-id=\"9741276\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97413bf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97413bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study is to know the Management of School Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Education. This study uses a comparison journal related to Facilities and Infrastructure in the field of education. Based on the results of a review of libraries from various countries in the world, the authors found that school facilities and infrastructure can improve the quality of education. Therefore, the school is expected to manage the facilities and pre-retirement in meeting the needs. Facilities and infrastructure greatly affect the ability of students in the learning process. It can be said that quality school facilities and infrastructure help attract and retain teachers, support improved student outcomes, and have a positive economic impact on the community. And it can be known that complete school facilities and infrastructure can determine the number of students. Therefore, the role of facilities and infrastructure is very important to attract the attention of the community so that the school has fans. The importance of school facilities and pre-retirement management in improving the quality of education attracts researchers to review, and this article to test how the management of facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 280-285\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5612\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5612<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Felia Santika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sowiyah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umigiarini Pangestu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mutiara Nurahlaini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akareem, H. S., &amp; Hossain, S. S. (2012). Perception of education quality in private universities of Bangladesh: a study from students&#8217; perspective. 22(1), 11-33. doi:10.1080\/08841241.2012.705792\r\n[2] Akhihiero, E. T. (2011). Effect of inadequate infrastructural facilities on academic performance of students Of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Paper presented at the The Nigerian Academic Forum.\r\n[3] Alkadri, H., Ningrum, T. A., Santoso, Y., &amp; Afriansyah, H. (2017). Essentiality of Management of Facilities and Infrastructure toward a Number of Students of Early Years Institution. Paper presented at the International Conference of Early Childhood Education (ICECE 2017).\r\n[4] Amsterdam, C. (2010). School Infrastructure in South Africa: Views and experiences of educators and learners. Paper presented at the Conference Paper: International Conference on Education.\r\n[5] Amsterdam, C. (2013). School Infrastructure in South Africa: Views and experiences of educators and learners. In.\r\n[6] Bhunia, G. S., Shit, P. K., &amp; Dubai, S. (2012). Assessment of school infrastructure at primary and upper primary level: A geospatial analysis. Journal of Geographic Information System, 4(05), 412. doi:10.4236\/jgis.2012.45047\r\n[7] Chansopheak, K. (2009). Basic education in Cambodia: Quality and equity. In The political economy of educational reforms and capacity development in Southeast Asia (pp. 131-152): Springer.\r\n[8] Darmastuti, H. (2014). Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran pada Jurusan Teknik Komputer dan Informatika di SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya. Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 3(3).\r\n[9] Herwan, H., Aswandi, A., &amp; Chiar, M. (2018). The Role of School Committee in Supporting The Fulfillment of Education Facilities and Infrastructure. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 282-287.\r\n[10] Jannah, M. (2010). Optimalisasi manajemen sarana dan prasarana dalam meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran di SMP Nasima Semarang. IAIN Walisongo, Retrieved from http:\/\/eprints.walisongo.ac.id\/id\/eprint\/4716\r\n[11] Jannah, S. R. (2013). Karakteristik Dan Spektrum Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. Al-Fikrah: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam IAIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin, 4.\r\n[12] Kok, H. B., Mobach, M. P., &amp; Omta, O. S. (2011). The added value of facility management in the educational environment. Journal of Facilities Management, 9(4), 249-265. doi:10.1108\/14725961111170662\r\n[13] Kumar, K. J. C. E. D. (2010). Quality in education: Competing concepts. 7(1), 7-18. doi:10.1177\/0973184913411197\r\n[14] Marmoah, S., Adela, D., &amp; Fauziah, m. (2019). Implementation of facilities and infrastructure management in public elementary schools. Al-Tanzim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 102-134. doi:10.33650\/al-tanzim.v3i1.507\r\n[15] Mokoginta, H. E. (2012). Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Tinggi. Prosiding APTEKINDO, 6(1).\r\n[16] Murillo, F. J., Rom\u00e1n, M. J. S. e., &amp; improvement, s. (2011). School infrastructure and resources do matter: analysis of the incidence of school resources on the performance of Latin American students. 22(1), 29-50. doi:10.1080\/09243453.2010.543538\r\n[17] Ndirangu, M., &amp; Udoto, M. O. (2011). Quality of learning facilities and learning environment: Challenges for teaching and learning in Kenya&#8217;s public universities. Quality Assurance in Education, 19(3), 208-223. doi:10.1108\/09684881111158036\r\n[18] Nurbaiti, N. (2015). Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah. Manajer Pendidikan, 9(4).\r\n[19] Pahlevi, R., Imron, A., &amp; Kusumaningrum, D. E. (2016). Manajemen saranan dan prasarana untuk meningkatkan mutu penbelajaran. Manajemen Pendidikan, 25(1), 88-94.\r\n[20] Pratasavitskaya, H., &amp; Stensaker, B. r. (2010). Quality management in higher education: towards a better understanding of an emerging field. Quality in Higher Education, 16(1), 37-50. doi:10.1080\/13538321003679465\r\n[21] Purwadhi, M. J. M. S. L. (2019). The role of education management, learning teaching and institutional climate on quality of education: evidence from Indonesia. 9(9), 1507-1518. doi: 10.5267\/j.msl.2019.5.002\r\n[22] Sholihah, N. K. (2019). Management of Education Facilities and Infrastructure. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2019).\r\n[23] Vincent, J. M. (2006). Public schools as public infrastructure: Roles for planning researchers. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(4), 433-437. doi:10.1177\/0739456X06288092\r\n[24] Vincent, J. M. (2012). California\u2019s K-12 educational infrastructure investments: Leveraging the state\u2019s role for quality school facilities in sustainable communities.\r\n[25] Wagner, D. A. J. (2010). Quality of education, comparability, and assessment choice in developing countries. 40(6), 741-760. doi:10.1080\/03057925.2010.523231\r\n[26] Yuniawan, P. J., Wahyudi, &amp; Chiar, M. (2020). Manajemen Sarana dan Prasarana untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Smk NegeriI 1 Sintang. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 9(1).\r\n[27] Zhirnova, G. I., &amp; Absalyamova, S. G. (2013). Global innovation gap and quality of education. Paper presented at the 2013 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Felia Santika, Sowiyah, Umigiarini Pangestu and Mutiara Nurahlaini &#8220;School Facilities and Infrastructure Management in Improving Education Quality&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.280-285 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5612<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/school-facilities-and-infrastructure-management-in-improving-education-quality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>School Facilities and Infrastructure Management in Improving Education Quality<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9742261 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9742261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9742339 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9742339\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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data-id=\"974297c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9742c6f\" data-id=\"9742c6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9742db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9742db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9742e70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9742e70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9742fc6\" data-id=\"9742fc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97430e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97430e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9743183 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9743183\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97432d7\" data-id=\"97432d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97433df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97433df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97434a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97434a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9743624\" data-id=\"9743624\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974373e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974373e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97437e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97437e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9743951\" data-id=\"9743951\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9743a6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9743a6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The State and the Processes for the Resolution of Chieftaincy Disputes: Taraba State Model<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Williams A. Ahmed-Gamgum &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 286-302<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9743b0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9743b0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9743c99\" data-id=\"9743c99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9743dda elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9743dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Traditional institutions and rulers have played important roles in development administration of States in Africa. But the politics of each community has also made the institutions not to be free from some kinds of conflicts and the multiplier effects of such conflicts. Consequently, modern government has not ignored the traditional institutions as part of its development programs to ensure that no community under-develops itself and indeed the State as a result of conflict. State Governments in Nigeria have put in place structures and process to follow in resolving chieftaincy disputes. This paper is interested to find out the structure for administering chieftaincy institutions and the path for resolving chieftaincy disputes in Taraba State. The paper sourced its data from secondary and primary sources. The paper finds that whereas there is an elaborate system and machinery for conflict resolution, but some Chieftaincy disputes become protracted before they were resolve and some are still taking longer time to resolve in spite of the political efficacy of the elites in the State. Therefore with the creation of many graded chiefdoms as a measure to resolve Chieftaincy demands and disputes, both the communities that still have outstanding disputes, the Government and people should cooperate, and on the bases of equity and due process in matters of Native law and Custom resolve chieftaincy disputes to serve as deterrent to deviants. This would enable both old and new chiefs to settle down as agents of peace and development administration.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 286-302\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Williams A. Ahmed-Gamgum <\/strong><\/span>\r\nConsultancy Services Unit, Taraba State Polytechnic Suntai, Jalingo Campus, P.O. Box 834, Jalingo Post Code: 660262\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahmed-Gamgum A.W. (2020). Rationalizing the creation of chiefdoms, and organizational structure of traditional rulers in Taraba State. Journal of Science Engineering &amp; Management (JOSEM) 1(1) ISSN 2659-0786\r\n[2] Ahmed-Gamgum, A. W. (2000). The management of communal conflicts in Nigeria: a case study a study of Kuteb and Chamba-Jukun Conflicts in Takum Chiefdom, Taraba State. A thesis submitted in the Department of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences School of Postgraduate Studies University Jos, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of a degree of Master in Public Administration of the University of Jos.\r\n[3] Ahmed-Gamgum, A.W. (2016). Understanding local government administration in Nigeria. Taraba State University Press.\r\n[4] Alo, L.K. (2014). The role of the court in chieftaincy dispute resolution in Yoruba land, 1933 \u2013 1957 Journal of History and Diplomatic Studies 10(1) https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/jhds\/article\/view\/119820\r\n[5] Angyenaum-Duah, B. (1997). Managing chieftaincy and land conflicts https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\r\n[6] Association of Concerned Citizens of Kpambo, Ussa LGA (20th June 2018). Complain on the submission By Hon Commissioner of Justice and Petition by Kwe Solomon Joro on the Appointment of a 3rd Class Chief (Kwe) of Kpambo Chiefdom which is Contrary to the Existing Native Law and Custom of Kpambo.\r\n[7] Boakye, P.A. (2016). Chieftaincy conflicts in Ghana. https:\/\/prism.ucalgary.ca&gt;uc.\r\nRetrieved 20 April 2021\r\n[8] Boakye, P.A. (2019). Explaining chieftaincy conflict using historical institutionalsim: a case study of Ga Mashie chieftaincy conflict in Ghana https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com Retrieved 20 April 2021\r\n[9] Bolaji, M. H. A. (2016). Beneath politicization: the unacknowledged constitutional crisis in the Dagbon succession conflict in Ghana. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 48(2) Published online: 17 May 2016\r\n[10] Bukari, K.N. (2016). A concomitant of conflict and consensus: case of a chieftaincy succession in Ghana\r\n[11] Canada Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (October 2 2013) Ghana: State involvement in Chieftaincy Matters including State protection available for people involved in Chieftaincy disputes. https:\/\/www.refword.org\/docid 542955864.html Retrieved 8 May 2021\r\n[12] Federal Government of Nigeria (1999). The 1999 Constitution of Federal Republic (As Amended)\r\n[13] Gbadebo, B,, Chima, P., &amp; Mibzar, B. (5 July 2013). Nigeria: staying power of longest-serving monarchs in the north https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201307050203.html\r\n[14] Gongola State Government (1985). The report of investigative panel on the activities of the chief of Takum Vol. 1 March\r\n[15] Hallah, T. (31 October 2003). Nigeria: Emir of Muri Crises Resolved-Nyame Daily Trust &amp; https:allafrica.com\/stories\/200310310756.htm retrieved 25th May 2020\r\n[16] Hobsbawm, E. (1994). Introduction: inventing traditions In Hobsbawm, E.J. &amp; Rangers, T. (Eds.) The invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press. http:\/\/ps1424.cankaya.edu.tr Retrieved 20 April 2021.\r\n[17] https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Content_analysis\r\n[18] https:\/\/ISSU.com\/73092\/docs\/b1_ed793bfge5f61\r\n[19] Kuteb Yatso of Nigeria (09\/08\/2020). Memorandum to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into crises between Tiv and their neighboring Communities in Taraba State and other matters related thereto. Registered with the Commission as JCOI\/50M\/2020\r\n[20] Ladouceur, P (2014). The Yendi Chieftaincy Dispute and Ghanaian Politics. Canadian Journal of African Studies \/ Revue canadienne des \u00e9tudesafricaines 6(1), 10 Mar 2014\r\n[21] Magaji, I. (14 Oct 2015). Masquerades invade Kpanti Palace sack mourners. PressReader.com nigeria &gt;daily-trust\r\n[22] Microsoft Encarta Dictionary 2009).\r\n[23] Miles, W.F.S. (1993). Studies in comparative international development September 1993, 28, (3), pp 31\u201350. Cite as https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02687120)\r\n[24] Mkam, M. (Tuesday October 6, 2015). Calm as Taraba names acting Zing Emir. p8 Peoples Daily\r\n[25] Nachinaab, J.O. &amp; Azumah F.A, (d. n. a.). Chieftaincy and its effects on women and children: A case study of Bawku Municipality, Ghana In International Journal of humanity and social studies ISSN 2321-9203www.theijhss.com; Research Gate&gt;publication&gt; 325972363_Cert_Chieftaincy retrieved 8\/05\/2021\r\n[26] Northern Nigeria Government (1963a). Laws of Northern Nigeria, Native Authority CAP 77\r\n[27] Northern Nigeria Government (1963b). Chiefs (Appointment and Deposition Law) CAP 20 of 1963\r\n[28] Office of the Executive Governor Press Statement June 26 2020 on the appointment of Gara Donga signed by Hassan Mijinyawa Press Secretary\r\n[29] Prah M. &amp;Yeboah, A. (2011), Tuobodom chieftaincy conflict in Ghana: a review and analysis In Journal of Pan African Studies 4 (3) 20+https:\/\/go.gale.com\r\n[30] Premium Times Nigeria (6 Nov 2015). Taraba Government announces Suleiman Sambo as new Emir of Zing\r\n[31] Ranger, T. (1994). The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa In Hobsbawm, E.J. and Rangers, T. (Eds) The Invention of Tradition. (Cambridge University Press. http:\/\/ps1424.cankaya.edu.tr Retrieved 20 April 2021\r\n[32] Saidu, I.J. (2015). The roles and the challenges of Traditional rulers in Land conflicts and Management in Nigeria: a case Study of Bauchi State in Nigeria. https.\/\/www.oicrf.org\/-\/the roles- Retrieved 05\/03\/2020\r\n[33] Sangari, I. (2005). Showers of Blessing. Publisher (na)\r\n[34] Sangari, I. (May 2009). My Role in the Takum Chieftaincy Palaver P30-31 NEWSPOINTER Newspaper\r\n[35] Supreme Court of Nigeria (1997). .Abubakar Umaru Abba Tukur VS. The Government of Taraba State &amp; ORS 1997 case number 143\/1996)\r\n[36] Takum Native Authority Council Minute of Meeting of 1 January 1976\r\n[37] Taraba State Government (2006). Administrative commission of inquiry into the newly created chiefdoms \/emirates and districts in taraba state main report December 2006.\r\n[38] Taraba State Government (2012). Mambilla Chiefdom (Reconstitution) Order 2012\r\n[39] Taraba State Government (23 July 2020). Gov. Ishaku Receives New Traditional Ruler of Donga\r\n[40] Taraba State Government Chiefs (Appointment and Deposition) Law CAP 26 (1997)\r\n[41] Taraba State Government Council of Traditional Law No 7 of 2010\r\n[42] Taraba State Government Local Government Law (2000).\r\n[43] The Nation January 16, 2013). Peace Returns as Mambilla gets new king. https:\/\/thenationonlineng.net\/peace.returns-as-mambilla-gets-new-king Retrieved 8th April 2021.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Williams A. Ahmed-Gamgum &#8220;The State and the Processes for the Resolution of Chieftaincy Disputes: Taraba State Model&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.286-302 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/286-302.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/286-302.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-state-and-the-processes-for-the-resolution-of-chieftaincy-disputes-taraba-state-model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The State and the Processes for the Resolution of Chieftaincy Disputes: Taraba State Model<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9744c8d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9744c8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9744d7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9744d7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9744ef1\" data-id=\"9744ef1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9745327 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9745327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97453cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97453cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97456cf\" data-id=\"97456cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97458b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97458b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97459ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97459ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9745c4e\" data-id=\"9745c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9745e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9745e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9745f49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9745f49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97461bd\" data-id=\"97461bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9746337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9746337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97463f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97463f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97465a1\" data-id=\"97465a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97466d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97466d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97467b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97467b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97469f3\" data-id=\"97469f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9746bdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9746bdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Procrastination Attitude of the Senior High School Students in Modular Distance Learning Modality<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Gel Marie B. Tiboron, Dr. Ronald S. Decano, Mark Van M. Buladaco- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 303-308<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9746caf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9746caf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9746e4b\" data-id=\"9746e4b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9746f9f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9746f9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nowadays, especially in modular modality, students tend to procrastinate or to delay a certain work that needs to be accomplished on a certain deadline. It is a behavioral problem that occurs in every individual. The research design of this study utilized the phenomenological method to determine the Procrastination attitude of the students in a modular distance learning modality in The Rizal Memorial Colleges, Inc. The participants of this study composed of 10 Senior High School students. The data obtained identified emergent themes clustered into three, namely: Diligence, Honesty, and Hope. Based on the results, one of the existing behaviors that any person could have, with or without their knowledge, and became the major problem of everyone, especially to every student, is procrastination. With this, the implications to the teachers were to provide motivations towards their students in order to banish procrastination.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 303-308\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5613<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gel Marie B. Tiboron<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate Student, Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management, Davao del Norte State College\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ronald S. Decano <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDean, Institute of Advanced Studies, Davao del Norte State College\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mark Van M. Buladaco <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDean, Institute of Computing, Davao del Norte State College\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abi Bagnes, 2014, procrastination among students, (https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/257003979\/Procrastination-Among-High-School-Students-docx?fbclid=IwAR05pcp2hJKysNZPsYHUb0aYoA6XY-beH26rOoBqdinCaicTwa-ccdEffIQ), Dec, 23 2019\r\n[2] AlexM.Eduque,2017,TheYouthToday,https:\/\/news.mb.com.ph\/2017\/02\/17\/the-youth-today), December 2, 2019\r\n[3] Andrea Jessa D. 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Predictors of using Facebook for Procrastination and its effects on student&#8217; well-being, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/304524704_Facebocrastination_Predictors_of_using_Facebook_for_procrastination_and_its_effects_on_students&#8217;_well-being, January 22, 2020\r\n[19] Mejica, Andrianna, 2017, How to stop &#8216;Ma\u00f1ana&#8217; habit from taking over your life, (https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/brandrap\/health-and-self\/164909-stop-manana-habit-health-fitness), January 22, 2020\r\n[20] Mieke Welvaert, 2014, Why Do We Study?,(https:\/\/www.infometrics.co.nz\/why-do-we-study\/), December 1, 2019\r\n[21] Michael Eason, 2018, 3 Mindful Ways to Overcome procrastination, (https:\/\/ph.asiatatler.com\/life\/3-ways-stop-procrastination), December 1, 2019\r\n[22] Newton, Paul, 2014, How to Overcome procrastination, (https:\/\/hvtc.edu.vn\/Portals\/0\/files\/635841505366235737how-to-overcome-procrastination.pdf), January 22, 2020\r\n[23] Pavlina, Steve, 2013, Overcoming Procrastination, (http:\/\/philcivilengineeringreviewtips.blogspot.com\/2013\/12\/overcoming-procrastination.html?m=1), January 22, 2020\r\n[24] Piers Steel and Cornelius J. Konig, 2006, Integrating Theories of Motivation, (scholar.google.com), December 2, 2019\r\n[25] Queena N. Lee-Chua, 2014, Rethinking Procrastination, (https:\/\/newsinfo.inquirer.net\/642943\/rethinking-procrastination), December 1, 2019\r\n[26] Regan Collins, 2017, Top 10 Ways to Avoid procrastination, (https:\/\/www.collegexpress.com\/articles-and-advice\/majors-and-academics\/blog\/top-10-ways-avoid-procrastination\/), December 1, 2019\r\n[27] Rufino Rios, 2016, Managing Time Effectively, (https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/the-freeman\/cebu-lifestyle\/2016\/06\/22\/1595490\/managing-time-effectively), December 1, 2019\r\n[28] Sayee Deshpande, 2018, 10 Reasons Why Household Chores Are Important, (https:\/\/1specialplace.com\/2018\/01\/25\/importance-household-chores\/?v=a25496ebf095), December 2, 2019\r\n[29] Uy, A. R. (2020). &#8220;Blended Learning&#8221; In Virus-Hit Philippines. The ASEAN posts reserved 2020.\r\n[30] Wagler, R. (2011). The Impact of Vicarious Experiences and Field Experience Classroom Characteristics on Preservice Elementary Science Teaching Efficacy\r\n[31] Zenon, E. M. (2006). A Study of the Correlation Between Internet Access and\r\n[32] Academic Achievement, and Internet Use and Academic Achievement, in Middle School Students.\r\n[33] Vaiana, Dominic, 2019, How to stop Procrastinating: The only guide you&#8217;ll ever need, (https:\/\/collegeinfogeek.com\/how-to-stop-procrastinating\/), January 22, 2020\r\n[34] Weimer, Maryellen, 2009, Why students procrastinate and what can you do about it, (https:\/\/www.facultyfocus.com\/articles\/course-design-ideas\/why-students-procrastinate-and-what-you-can-do-about-it\/), January 22, 2020\r\n[35] Wray, Maggie, 2014, 12 reasons why do students procrastinate\u2026and what can you do about it?, (https:\/\/creatingpositivefutures.com\/12-reasons-why-students-procrastinate\/), January 22, 2020\r\n[36] Zwilling, Martin, 2017, 8 Ways to Cure Your Procrastination Habit, (https:\/\/www.inc.com\/martin-zwilling\/are-you-always-missing-deadlines-dont-procrastinate.html), January 23, 2020\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gel Marie B. Tiboron, Dr. Ronald S. Decano, Mark Van M. Buladaco &#8220;Procrastination Attitude of the Senior High School Students in Modular Distance Learning Modality&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.303-308 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5613<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/303-308.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/procrastination-attitude-of-the-senior-high-school-students-in-modular-distance-learning-modality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Procrastination Attitude of the Senior High School Students in Modular Distance Learning Modality<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9747ec6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9747ec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9748851 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9748851\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974899e\" data-id=\"974899e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9748aac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9748aac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9748b4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9748b4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9748c98\" data-id=\"9748c98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9748da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9748da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9748e45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9748e45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9748f8d\" data-id=\"9748f8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9749091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9749091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974912b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974912b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9749274\" data-id=\"9749274\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9749380 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9749380\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974941a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974941a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9749584\" data-id=\"9749584\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974969c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974969c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring Institutional Measures of mitigating Sexual Harassment Cases by Male Teachers: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Luapula Province<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Justin Kapya Chilonga and Harrison Daka- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 309-312<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974973c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974973c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97498c6\" data-id=\"97498c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9749a02 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9749a02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: This paper seeks to present the study which was conducted to explore the institutional measures of mitigating sexual harassment cases by male teachers in Luapula province. The study was undertaken in the 5randomly selected secondary schools across the province.\r\nDesign\/methodology\/approach: The study used qualitative paradigm in which descriptive survey design was ideal. The descriptive design was chosen in order to come up with more comprehensive, deeper insights from respondents so that a better understanding of the phenomenon under study is enhanced. The study was based on questionnaire and interview guide. Questionnaires were administered to 5 Head teachers, 5 Guidance and counseling teachers and 15teachers while interview guide was used to collect data from 15 pupils.\r\nFindings: The study revealed that, sexual harassment is a serious problem and its mitigation needs not only the attention of the head teacher but the collective effort with the teachers, pupils, stake holders and other interested parties who are involved in the provision of education.\r\nLimitations of the study: The findings of the study focused on the role of the institutions in mitigating sexual harassment of female pupils by male teachers. The findings therefore, cannot be generalized to the male pupils and female teachers because this research only endeavored to address the issue that has raised serious concerns and has drawn the attention of the government, parents, stakeholders, organizations, civil societies and the world at large.\r\nPractical implication: The practical implication is that if sexual harassment in schools is not mitigated, it can lead to psychological trauma in children who are subjected to it, it can also cause risk of death, poor physical and mental health, Human Immunodeficiency Virus\/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) infection, early pregnancy, education problems, loneliness, vagrancy and poor parenting skills later in life. The institutions therefore, should fight hard and mitigate it.\r\nOriginality\/value: The study supports previous studies which identified that sexual harassment is a serious social problem and advocated for its mitigation. However this paper highlights the divergence views of the respondents on the mitigation of sexual harassment, thereby highlighting on the need to establish policies, breaking the silence in schools and communities and instituting reporting laws on sexual harassment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 309-312\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5614\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5614<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Justin Kapya Chilonga <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harrison Daka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, University of Zambia, Lusaka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bomber, H. S.,Daka, H. and Mphande, F. (2020).Strategies to Overcome the Challenges faced by Weekly Boarders: A case study of Selected Day Secondary Schools in Chikankata District in Southern Province, Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education. Vol 7 (6), 175 \u2013 186.\r\n[2] Brown, C. (2005). Sexual Abuse of School Children in Ghana. Cape coast Ghana, Centre for Development Studies. University of Cape Coast\/UNICEF\r\n[3] Chipindi, F. M., Serenje-Chipindi, J and Daka, H. (2021). An Analysis of Epistemological Considerations in Educational Research. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. Vol.4 (2), 105 &#8211; 118.\r\n[4] Chomba, E (2011). Child Sexual Abuse in Zambia: African Regional SGBV Network Partner&#8217;s Meeting, Lusaka\r\n[5] Daily Monitor, November 29, 2019\r\n[6] Daily Nation, January 18, 2019\r\n[7] Daka, H., Phiri, D., Chipindi, F. M., Nachimwenda, E. (2021). Value of Traditional Ceremonies in Socio-Economic Development. A Case of Some Selected Traditional Ceremonies in Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, Vol 8 (2); 134 \u2013 141.\r\n[8] Daka, H.,Chilala, M. M., Hamatanga, O. H., Chirwa, B., Mumba, A., Kaoma, C. and Chikopela, C. (2021). Averting Learner Absenteeism in Zambian Urban and Rural Primary Schools. A Case of Kalingalinga and Simweendengwe Primary Schools. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. Vol.5 (1), 33 \u2013 55.\r\n[9] Daka, H., Chipindi, F. M., Phiri A., Mulenga, B., Mvula, L and Chirwa, J. (2021). Administrative Mitigation Measures against Examination Attrition Rates in Tertiary Institutions: A Case of School of Education, University of Zambia. European Modern Studies Journal. Vol 5 (3). 248 &#8211; 258\r\n[10] Deep Knowledge Daily, 2020\r\n[11] Face of Malawi, October 24, 2019\r\n[12] Goldman (2005). Student Teacher learning about Child Sexual Abuse Strategies for Primary School: An Exploration Study of Surface and Deep learning, Sex Education. Routledge: Taylor &amp; Francisco\r\n[13] Gwirayi, P. (2013). Fighting Child Sexual Abuse: Perspective of Pupils from a Developing Country. SAGE\r\n[14] Holmes, S. (2007). Review of Protection of Children from Sex offenders:http:\/\/wwwcorrectiveservice.gld.gow.an\r\n[15] Irish Times, September 11, 2020\r\n[16] Lusaka Sun, June 10, 2019\r\n[17] Kawonga, S.,Mbozi, E. H. and Daka, H. (2021). Community Involvement in the Implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Rural Areas: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Chibombo District of Central Province, Zambia. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation Vol 8 (4), 216 \u2013 228, ISSN 2321 \u2013 2705.\r\n[18] Matakala, L. (2012). Research partnership programme; Danish Institution for Human Rights (DIHR), Denmark\r\n[19] Mathews, B. (2011). Teacher Education to meet the challenges passed by Sexual Abuse. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, volume 36 (11) 13 \u2013 32\r\n[20] Menon, M. Glazebrook, Campain and Ngoma, (2007). University student perspective of sexual harassment: A case of the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n[21] Mitchel, M.W. (2010). Child Sexual Abuse: A School Leadership issue. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, issue and Ideas, volume 83 (3)\r\n[22] Nansasi, G. (2010). Assessing The Challenges faced in Control of Girl Child Defilement: A study of two NGOs in Kampala District. Kampala, Makerere University\r\n[23] NSPCC (2013). Briefing: The role of School, Colleges and Academics in protecting children from Grooming entrapment. http: nspcc.org.uk (Accessed on 30\/01\/14\r\n[24] New vision, June 7, 2011\r\n[25] Phiri, M., Musonda, A and Daka, H. (2020). The Effects of Chinamwali Initiation Schools on Girl Child Education. A Case of Selected Public Primary Schools of Katete District, Zambia. Malcolm Moffat Multidisciplinary Journal of Research and Education 1, (1), 137 \u2013 155.\r\n[26] Spitalli, S. J. (2012). An Epidemic of Shame. American School Board Journal,1999 (8) 26 &#8211; 7\r\n[27] Standard media, January 11, 2020\r\n[28] Teaching Service Commission (TSC) report 2012\r\n[29] United Nations Secretary General&#8217;s report on the violence Against Children 2006\r\n[30] United States Department of Health and Human Services (2007). Administration on Children Youth and Families. Child Maltreatment. Washington DC, US Government printing office\r\n[31] Whitefield, C. (2010). Psychiatric drugs as agents of Trauma; The International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 22 (4) 195 \u2013 207\r\n[32] World Health Organization (2002). Preventing Child Maltreatment in Europe. A Public Health Approach: Policy Briefing. University of Birmingham\r\n[33] World Health Organization (2007). Violence and Injury Prevention Programme, WHO office for Europe.\r\n[34] Zambia Daily Mail, December 3, 2015\r\n[35] Zambia Reports, June 24, 2019\r\n[36] Zwi, K; O&#8217;brien, T; Tait, P; Wheeler, D; Williams, D and Woolfenden, S. (2007). School Based Education Programmes for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review. http:\/\/campbellcollaboration.org\/lib\/project\/28 (Accessed on 20\/10\/13\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Justin Kapya Chilonga and Harrison Daka &#8220;Exploring Institutional Measures of mitigating Sexual Harassment Cases by Male Teachers: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Luapula Province&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.309-312 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5614<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/309-312.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-institutional-measures-of-mitigating-sexual-harassment-cases-by-male-teachers-a-case-of-selected-secondary-schools-in-luapula-province\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exploring Institutional Measures of mitigating Sexual Harassment Cases by Male Teachers: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Luapula Province<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974a841 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"974a841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974b841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974b841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974b8f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974b8f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974ba4e\" data-id=\"974ba4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974bb63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974bb63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974bc00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974bc00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974bd5e\" data-id=\"974bd5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974be71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974be71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974bf12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974bf12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974c073\" data-id=\"974c073\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974c196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974c196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>State Fragility and Humanitarian Crisis in Syria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ewelie, C. Justice, Omenihu C. Nwaorgu &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 313-318<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974c238 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974c238\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974c3bc\" data-id=\"974c3bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974c50b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"974c50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper examined state fragility and humanitarian crisis in Syria. The main thesis of the paper is that the more the fragility of the Syrian state, given some extraneous and endogenous factors fuelling the humanitarian crisis in Syria. The paper relied on secondary sources of data and for the purpose of clarity and deeper understanding of the subject matter adopted the Dependency theory as its framework of analysis. One of the assumptions of the dependency theory is that events in one country is conditioned by the actions or inactions of a country in a relationship of unequal exchange. The paper observed that the crescendo of humanitarian crisis in Syria is a result of the adverse politics of state fragility as reinforced by negative external and internal objective conditions. It is recommended in the paper, inter alia, that democratic values should be upheld and good governance should be a sundry principle for the overall interest of Syrians.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 313-318\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ewelie, C. Justice<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omenihu C. Nwaorgu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323 Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ake, C. (1996). Democracy and development in Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.\r\n[2] Alisa, W. (2013). Syrian civil war: What you need to know. (www.abcnwes.go.com 31 August).\r\n[3] Albertson, A. &amp; Moran, A. (2017). Untangling the complexity of fragile states. Truman Centre.\r\n[4] Andre-Gunder, F. (1972). The development of underdevelopment. In James D. Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank &amp; D. Johnson (eds.), Dependence and underdevelopment. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, p. 3.\r\n[5] Ayse, B. B. (2014). Alawite and the fate of Syria. In Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspectives, a Publication of History, Ohio State University, U.S.A.\r\n[6] Besley &amp; Persson (2009). State capacity, conflict and development. London: Stockholm University.\r\n[7] Campbell-Saferworld, I. (2015). Rising powers in fragile and conflict-affected states. London: The British Academy, Carlton House Terrace.\r\n[8] Dos Santos, T. (1970). The structure of dependence. The American Economic Review, 60:2, pp 231-236.\r\n[9] Eze, R. C. &amp; Agena, J. E. (2018). Super powers conspiracy and the unending civil war in Syria: An analysis. European Journal of Social Sciences, 56(1), pp. 20-28.\r\n[10] Guaba, O. P. (1981). An introduction to political theory. New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd.\r\n[11] Ibaba, S. I. (2006). Imperialism and dependency: The dilemma of the Third World in modernisation and development in Africa. Port Harcourt: Shapee Publishers.\r\n[12] Igwe, O. (2005). Politics and globe dictionary. Aba: Eagle Publishers.\r\n[13] Keller, E. J. (2016). The state in contemporary Africa: A critical assessment of theory. Doha: Princepts Press.\r\n[14] Khan, M. I. (2017). The fallacy of state fragility indices: Is there a \u2018fragility trap\u2019? IOASS Working Paper, 034.\r\n[15] Manuel, M. (2017). Getting better results from assistance to fragile states. ODI Briefing Papers.\r\n[16] Manfreda, P. (2017). Top Reasons for the Uprising in Syria (www.thoughtzo.com 18 August).\r\n[17] Ntete-Nna, N. J. (2004). An Introduction to Political Analysis. Owerri, Springfield Publishers Limited.\r\n[18] Nwaorgu, O.C. (2002). Dimensions of political analysis. Port Harcourt: Ameltyst &amp; Colleagues Publishers.\r\n[19] Ray, S.N. (2003). Modern comparative politics, approaches, methods and issues. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.\r\n[20] Roberts, A. (2015). Fragile states: A concept with history. The British Academy, 10-11, Carlton House Terrace, London.\r\n[21] Rotberg, R.I. (2003). Failed states, collapsed states, weak states: Causes and indicators. World Peace Foundation and Harvard University\u2019s Program on Intrastate Conflict on all aspects of State Failure.\r\n[22] Sunkel, O. (1969. National development policy and external dependence in Latin America. The Journal of Development Studies, 6 (1), pp. 18-29.\r\n[23] United States of America, Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labour (2016). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.\r\n[24] Wonah, E.I. (2019). Students\u2019 union and politics in Nigeria. Quest Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 7 (7), pp 28-32.\r\n[25] World Bank (2009). Poverty analysis. The World Bank.\r\n[26] World Vision (2021). Syrian refugee crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. https:\/\/www.worldvision.org\/refugees-news-stories\/syrian-refugee-crisis-facts#:~:text=Now%20in%20its%2011th%20year,displacement%20crisis%20of%20our%20time.&amp;text=About%206.6%20million%20Syrians%20are,in%20Syria%20need%20humanitarian%20assistance.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ewelie, C. Justice, Omenihu C. Nwaorgu &#8220;State Fragility and Humanitarian Crisis in Syria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.313-318 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/313-318.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/313-318.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/state-fragility-and-humanitarian-crisis-in-syria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>State Fragility and Humanitarian Crisis in Syria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974d38f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"974d38f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974ec31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974ec31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974ecde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974ecde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974ee37\" data-id=\"974ee37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974ef40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974ef40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974efe4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974efe4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974f14d\" data-id=\"974f14d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974f261 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"974f261\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges Faced by Administrators in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Selected Primary Schools in Kitwe District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Fred Chibwe and Dr. Rosemary Muma Mulenga (PhD) &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 319-324<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974f2ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974f2ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-974f480\" data-id=\"974f480\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-974f5b6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"974f5b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by administrators in the implementation of inclusive education in selected primary schools in Kitwe district. In this study, the researcher used a mixed method research design which involved the collection and mixing of both quantitative and qualitative data. Semi-structured questionnaire were used to collect data. This study revealed that, teachers are not properly trained and consequently experience serious challenges when teaching learners with special needs in an inclusive classroom. Secondly, that inclusive education is not properly implemented because the results show that most school buildings do not accommodate children with physical disabilities. The recommendation made in this study was that Head teachers need to be trained with regard to special education in order for them to properly implement inclusive education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 319-324\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fred Chibwe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKwame Nkrumah University, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rosemary Muma Mulenga (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKwame Nkrumah University, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Central Statistics Office (2003).Census of population and housing: Lusaka Central Statistics Office\r\n[2] Hoyle E. (2006). The role of a headteacher: London: Routldge and Kegan Paul.\r\n[3] Kato M. (2000). Findings on Children with Disabilities in Primary Schools, Parliament of Uganda Ministry of Education, Uganda (2003):Poverty Eradication through Education, UNESCO.\r\n[4] Kauffman J. M. et al(2004). Enabling or disabling? Observations on Changes in special education: Phi Delta Kappan, April, pp 613-620.\r\n[5] Mafa O. (2012). Challenges of implementing inclusion in Zimbabwe\u2019s education system: Online J. Educ., 1(2), 14-22.\r\n[6] Mandyata, J.M. (2002). Teachers\u2019 views on inclusive Practices: A case of basic schools in Kasama District, Zambia: University of Zambia (Unpublished MEd Dissertation. \u2013 UNZA\r\n[7] Moberg A. and Kasonde N. (2001).Moving towards Inclusive Schooling: BESSIP: Lusaka.\r\n[8] Mwangi E.M. and Orodho J.A. (2014).Challenges facing implementation of inclusive education in public primary schools in Nyeri town, Nyericounty: Kenya. J. Educ. Pract., 5(16).\r\n[9] Onya E. (2002).The role of headteachers and MOEST in promoting performance of maths and since subject in secondary schools: Nandi District Secondary school Heads Association Conference. April 2002.\r\n[10] Burbules, N. C., Lord, B. T. and Sherman, A, L.(1982). Equity, Equal Opportunity, andEducation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. Vol. 4, No. 2 , pp. 69-187.\r\n[11] Sibanda P. (2018). A review of the implementation of inclusive education in Zimbabwe: challenges and opportunities. Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(9), 808-815.\r\n[12] UNESCO (2003).Overcoming Exclusion through Inclusive Approaches in Education: a Challenge, a vision-Conceptual Paper, Spain Paris.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fred Chibwe and Dr. Rosemary Muma Mulenga (PhD) &#8220;Challenges Faced by Administrators in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Selected Primary Schools in Kitwe District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.319-324 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/319-324.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/319-324.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenges-faced-by-administrators-in-the-implementation-of-inclusive-education-in-selected-primary-schools-in-kitwe-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Challenges Faced by Administrators in the Implementation of Inclusive Education in Selected Primary Schools in Kitwe District<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9750414 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9750414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975195f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975195f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97519fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97519fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9751b66\" data-id=\"9751b66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9751c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9751c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Beyond the Legalistic and Mechanical Approaches to Conflict Management in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ko, Viashima David- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 325-330<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9751d1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9751d1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9751ea3\" data-id=\"9751ea3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9751ffa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9751ffa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Multiethnic and religious crises are exposing Nigeria to its greatest existential problem of all time. Calls for separation and self-determination are vociferous among Nigeria\u2019s ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural groups. While Nigeria\u2019s government and well-meaning organizations are engaging the problem, ongoing conversations on the matter focus on the potentials of legalistic and mechanical approaches to conflict management. Ethnic and religious conflicts in Nigeria are resisting these formulations and sustaining the path of destruction, pulverizing economic, social, human, and material resources.\r\nThis paper supplements existing perspectives on conflict management in Nigeria with an ontological approach. It defends the need to explore the ego, the self, the I in managing conflicts in Nigeria. With categories and frameworks mined from existentialists philosophers, the paper advocates the development of systematic processes of reorientation based on the existentialist values of intersubjectivity, tolerance, dialogue, understanding, care, and solidarity as a tool against the religious and ethnic crisis in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 325-330\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5615\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5615<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ko, Viashima David<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Philosophy\/University of Ibadan, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adeniyi, M.O. (1993). Religion and Politics: An Eye Bird\u2019s View of Development in Nigeria. In R.D. Abubakar (ed.) Religion and Politics in Nigeria. Ilorin: NASR.\r\n[2] Apter, D. (1965). The politics of modernization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.\r\nAsouzu, I. (2011). \u201cIbuanyidanda\u201d and the Philosophy of Essence. Calabar: University of Calabar Press.\r\n[3] Ayinla, S.A. (2003). Managing Religious Intolerance and Violence in Nigeria, Problems and Solutions. A Paper Presented at the National Conference on Social Problems, Development and the Challenges of Globalization, Organized by Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife.\r\n[4] Cross, M. (1971). On Conflict, Race Relations, and the Theory of the Plural Society. RACE, XII, (4), 477-494.\r\n[5] Ejizu, C.J. (1993). Religion and Politics in Nigeria: The Perspective of the Indigenous Religions. In R.D. Abubakar, et al. (ed.) Religion and Politics in Nigeria. Illorin: NASR\r\n[6] Fox, J. (1999). Do religious institutions support violence or the status-quo? Studies in Conflict &amp; Terrorism, 22 (2), 119-139.\r\n[7] Fox. J &amp; Sandler, S. (2003). Quantifying religion: Toward building more effective ways of measuring religious influence on state-level behaviour. Journal of Church and State, 45 (2), 559-588.\r\n[8] Goody J.R. (1961). Religion and Ritual; The Definitional Problem. British Journal of Sociology, (14), 82-91.\r\n[9] Haynes, J. (1994). Religion in third world politics. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.\r\n[10] Horton RF (1960). A definition of Religion and its Uses. Journal Royal Anthropological Institute, (87) 370-383.\r\n[11] Huntington, S. (1993). The clash of civilizations?. Foreign Affairs, 72 (3)22-49.\r\n[12] Isiramen, C .O. (2010). Religious crisis and development in Nigeria. In C .O, Isiramen, F.J. Imaekhai and B.O.Igboin (eds), Religion and the Nigerian Nation: Some topical issues. Ibadan: Enjoy Press &amp; Books.\r\n[13] Kadayifci-Orellana, S. A., (2009). Ethno-Religious Conflicts: Exploring the Role of Religion in Conflict Resolution. In J. Bercovitch, V. Kremenyuk, and I. W. Zartman (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution. SAGE: London.\r\n[14] Kimenyi, M., Adibe, J. Djir\u00e9, M. Jirgi, A., Kergna, A. Deressa, T. Pugliese, J.E. and Westbury, A. (2014) The Impact of Conflict and Political Instability on Agricultural Investments in Mali and Nigeria. Africa Growth Initiative, (17) p13.\r\n[15] Nasr, V. (1998). Religion and global affairs: Secular states and religious oppositions. SAIS Review, 18 (2), 32-37.\r\n[16] Njoku, E. 2020. Exploring Contemporary Counterterrorism and Perspectives of Terrorism Experts to Combat Boko Haram. (Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University) Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection.\r\n[17] Oladipo, O. 2000. Values and National Rebirth. Recall: A Chronicle of Nigerian Events (1), 64-68.\r\nOlatunji, O.A. 2005. Reconciling The Self With The Other: An Existentialist Perspective on The Management of Ethnic Conflicts in Africa. Ibadan: Hope Publishers.\r\n[18] Onah, N., Diara, B.C., &amp; Uruko, F. 2017. Ethnoreligious Conflicts in Nigeria: Implications on Women. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5, (8), 61-61\r\n[19] Onouha, F.C. 2012. \u201cBoko Haram: Nigeria\u2019s Extremist Islamic Sect.\u201d Aljazeera center for studies. Retrieved via: http:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\r\n[20] Onouha, F.C. 2012. Boko Haram: Nigeria\u2019s Extremist Islamic Sect. Aljazeera center for studies. Retrieved via: http:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\r\n[21] Peter, O.F. (1998). Plateau Crisis Claimed 54,000 Lives: The Cities of Perpetual Public Work. Accessed via: www.amarujari Retrieved January 20th, 2020.\r\n[22] Rostow, W. (1959). The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[23] Schermerhorn R (1970) Comparative Ethnic Relations. New York: Random House.\r\n[24] Smith, D.E. (1970). Religion and political development. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown.\r\n[25] Smith, R. T. (1961 \u201cReview of Social and Cultural Pluralism in the Caribbean.\u201d American Anthropologist (63)155-157.\r\n[26] Unah J.I. (2000). Difficult Decision Situations: A Phenomenological Ontology of Crisis Management. In A.T. Tymienieke (ed.), Anelecta Husserlianam, LXVIII: 237-246\r\n[27] Vanguard Newspapers Online. Boko Haram: From Islamic Sect to deadly armed group. Accessed via: https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2015\/06\/boko-haram-from-islamic-sect-to-deadly-armed-group\/ Retrieved January 20th, 2020.\r\n[28] Weber M (1968) Economy and Society, ed. Roth G, Wittich C. Berkeley: University of California Press.\r\n[29] Wilson, M. 2018. \u201cNigeria&#8217;s Boko Haram attacks in numbers &#8211; as lethal as ever.\u201d BBC Monitoring. Retrieved through https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-42735414. Accessed January 20th, 2020.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ko, Viashima David &#8220;Beyond the Legalistic and Mechanical Approaches to Conflict Management in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.325-330 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5615<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/325-330.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/beyond-the-legalistic-and-mechanical-approaches-to-conflict-management-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Beyond the Legalistic and Mechanical Approaches to Conflict Management in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9752eab elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9752eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9753c31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9753d79\" data-id=\"9753d79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9753ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9753ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9753f93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9753f93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9754111\" data-id=\"9754111\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975424a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975424a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97542fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97542fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975448e\" data-id=\"975448e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97545ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97545ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Legal Frameworks in the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr Aishatu Kyari Sandabe- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 331-340<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9754674 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9754674\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9754821\" data-id=\"9754821\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9754977 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9754977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Corruption is a cancerous phenomenon that has permeated every facet of society. It has been identified as the main obstacle to the realisation of good governance, sustainable development and millennium development goals. Corruption is an impediment to political, economic and social development, hinders administrative development and performance, impairs economic efficiency, leads to brain drain, discourages foreign investments, undermines effective utilisation of natural resources and hampers transparency. While the manifestation of corruption is without limits, its roots seem to be identifiable in the immoderate inclination for material wealth and power. One of the major catalysts for widespread corruption in Nigeria is the failure in the existing legal frameworks to effectively combat corruption. The methodology adopted were doctrinal and empirical. The objectives of this study are to examine what motivates people to be corrupt, and to analyse the legal frameworks in the fight against corruption, the national, regional and international frameworks will be considered and recommend capital punishment for those guilty of grand and political corruption in order to eradicate this menace.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 331-340\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5616<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Aishatu Kyari Sandabe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] AMUNDSEN I, Political corruption in Africa: extraction and power preservation (Edward Elgar publishing co. USA 2019)\r\n[2] ANTIGHA B A, PIUS A F, ANTIGHA B U, Corruption as a social problem and its implication on Nigerian society: A review of Anti-corruption policies (Mediterranean Journal of social sciences Vol 4(1) January 2013)\r\n[3] BARCHAM M, HINDESS B, HARMOUR P, Corruption expanding the focus. (Australian national University press 2012)\r\n[4] DREHER A, KOTSOGIANNIS C, MC CORRISSTON S, Corruption around the world: evidence from structural model\r\n[5] EMUNDSON I, Political corruption in Africa, extraction and power preservation (Edward Elgar publishing Cheltenham UK 2019)\r\n[6] HATCHARD J, Legal approaches to supporting good governance and integrity in Africa. (Edward Elgar publishing ltd, The Lypiatt\u2019s 15 Lands down Road Cheltenham UK 2014)\r\n[7] IGBINOVIA P E, IGBINOVIA B E, The financial crimes commission an appraisal. (safari books ltd Ibadan, 2014)\r\n[8] IWEALA, O N, fighting corruption is dangerous the story behind the headlines. (Routledge 2013)\r\n[9] JAIN K A, Corruption: A Review (journal of economics surveys, Concordia University 2008)\r\n[10] KLITGAARD R, Controlling Corruption (university California press ltd 1988)\r\n[11] KLITGAARD R, ABAROA R M, LINSLEY H. Corrupt Cities: A practical guide to cure and prevention (Paris G press 2000)\r\n[12] MBAKU M J, Corruption in Africa, causes, Consequences and Clean up (Lexington Books 2007)\r\n[13] NMAH E P, Corruption in Nigeria: A culture or retrogressive factor (Journal of African studies Vol13 2017)\r\n[14] NWOSUMBA C H, An Appraisal of the economic and financial crimes commission in the light of the disaster of the Nigerian anti- corruption politics (journal of humanities an social sciences Vol 21 issue 2011)\r\n[15] OLUYITAN F E, Combatting Corruption at the grassroots level in Nigeria. (Palgrave Macmillan 2017)\r\n[16] ONIGBO A R, Analyses of legal frameworks for fighting Corruption in Nigeria: problems and Challenges. (Kuwait chapter of Arabian journal Business and Management Review Vol 5 N 3 2015)\r\n[17] OBUAH E, Combatting Corruption in Nigeria: The Nigerian Economic and Financial crime. (vol 12 issue 1 2010)\r\n[18] RIBADU N, Obstacle to effective prosecution of Corrupt practices and Financial crimes in Nigeria. (International conference centre, Trade fair complex, Kaduna 23rd -25th 2004.)\r\n[19] ROSE-ACKERMAN Corruption and Government, causes and consequences and reform (Cambridge University 1999)\r\n[20] RONA K, HOPE, BORNWELL, Corruption and development: lessons from country case studies (2000)\r\n[21] SEKKAT K, Is corruption curable? (Palgrave Macmillan 2018)\r\n[22] SHERK D R, The Cultural Dimension of Corruption: Reflections on Nigeria.\r\n[23] SIVENSSON J, Eight Questions about corruption. (Journal of economic perspectives vol 19 N 3 2005)\r\n[24] TAIYE D A, Gender and Corruption, Insights from Nigerian democracy (journal of International law VOL3 N 4 July 2009)\r\n[25] The African Union Convention on preventing and combatting Corruption.\r\n[26] The United Nations Convention Against Corruption.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Aishatu Kyari Sandabe &#8220;The Legal Frameworks in the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.331-340 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5616\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/331-340.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-legal-frameworks-in-the-fight-against-corruption-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Legal Frameworks in the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9755b8b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9755b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9755c76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9755c76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9755e31\" data-id=\"9755e31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9755f9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9755f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975604b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975604b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97561d6\" data-id=\"97561d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97562ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97562ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97563ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97563ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9756532\" data-id=\"9756532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9756650 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9756650\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975670a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975670a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975685e\" data-id=\"975685e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975699d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975699d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9756a59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9756a59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9756bb8\" data-id=\"9756bb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9756ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9756ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9756d93 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9756d93\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9756efd\" data-id=\"9756efd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9757026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9757026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97570ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97570ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97573fe\" data-id=\"97573fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975757c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975757c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A study on perception of dance teachers toward online classes<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr. (Mr.) W.B.A.Vitharana &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 341-344<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9757634 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9757634\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97577be\" data-id=\"97577be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9757905 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9757905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to investigate out more about impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the educational system and collect data about it. Within the framework of a survey research design, quantitative and qualitative research approaches were applied in this research. Teachers out of several schools in the Colombo district constitute the study&#8217;s target population. The data for this study was collected using a questionnaire with focused on three main areas: (1) teachers&#8217; understanding of the idea of online classrooms; (2) teachers&#8217; perceptions of online classes; and (3) teachers&#8217; perceptions of online classrooms. (2) Teachers&#8217; perceptions of the benefits of integrating online activities in Sri Lankan schools, and (3) Teachers&#8217; perceptions of the challenges and issues in implementing new practices in Sri Lankan schools. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the teachers&#8217; responses to the survey. Despite the fact that the concept of online class practices is new to Sri Lankan teachers, the analysis revealed that they are aware of the concept and have positive perceptions of online class practices. They did believe that the use of online classes could have a number of advantages, including changing traditional teaching methods, providing up-to-date subject information, improving the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process, increasing students&#8217; interest in learning, incorporating changes in the IT world, and developing teachers&#8217; skills and attitudes to come to terms with major problems. As a result of this study, it is recommended that relevant stakeholders suggest suitable steps to create online classes and ensure their maximum being used in schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 341-344\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. (Mr.) W.B.A.Vitharana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNamibia University of Science and Technology\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bower, M. (2019). Technology \u2010mediated learning theory. British Journal Education Technology, 50, 1035\u20131048. 10.1111\/bjet.12771.\r\n[2] Epstein, William. (2020). Perception.Retrieved from https:\/\/ www. britannica.com\/ topic\/perception\r\n[3] Gonzalez, T., de la Rubia, M., Hincz, K., Lopez, M.C., .Subirats, L., Fort, S. (2020, 20). Influence of COVID-19 confinement in students\u2019 performance in higher education. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.35542\/osf.io\/9zuac\r\n[4] Hewagamage, K. P. (2020). Online Learning in Sri Lanka\u2019s Higher Education Institutions during the coVId-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from https: \/\/www. adb.org\/ publications\/online-learning-sri-lanka-during-covid-19\r\n[5] Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., &amp; Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, 3. Retrieved from https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2020\/3\/the difference &#8211; between-emergency-remote-teaching -and-online-learning\r\n[6] Kulal,A, Nayak,A . (2020). A study on perception of teachers and students toward online classes in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 15 (3) pp. 285-296.\r\n[7] National Institute of Education. (2021). BEd (Eng. Tech) Department of Teacher Education- Data. Maharagama: NIE.\r\n[8] Sethunga,P.(2014). Study on the Professional Development of Teachers and Teacher Educators in Sri Lanka. Colombo:NEC.\r\n[9] World Health Organization. (2019). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Schools. Retrieved from https:\/\/www. who.int\/ emergencies\/ diseases\/ novel- coronavirus- 2019\/question-and-answers-hub\/q-a-detail\/coronavirus-disease- covid-19-schools\r\n[10] Wang, C. H., Shannon, D. M., &amp; Ross, M. E. (2013). Students\u2019 characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning. Distance Education, 34 (3), 302\u2013323.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. (Mr.) W.B.A.Vitharana &#8220;A study on perception of dance teachers toward online classes&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.341-344 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/341-344.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/341-344.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-on-perception-of-dance-teachers-toward-online-classes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A study on perception of dance teachers toward online classes<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9758762 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9758762\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-9759953 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9759953\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9759ad4\" data-id=\"9759ad4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9759c1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9759c1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9759cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9759cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9759e6e\" data-id=\"9759e6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9759f93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9759f93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Principal\u2019s Interpersonal Conflict Management: A Literature Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Umigiarini Pangestu, Sowiyah, Mutiara Nur Ahlaini, Felia Santika &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 345-351<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975a03a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975a03a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975a2af\" data-id=\"975a2af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975a4d5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"975a4d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The importance of interpersonal conflict management for principals makes researchers interested in making literature reviews. There are many articles that discuss interpersonal conflict management for principals. This article is a literature review that aims to find out the interpersonal conflict management of the principal and the principal\u2019s strategy in managing conflict, so it will give a positive impact on the environment of the school organization. Based on the results of literature reviews from many studies in various countries in the world, it is known that conflict has a positive effect when managed together effectively and can be very useful for the effectiveness of individuals and groups and will affect the sustainability of school organizations. So, we are interested to follow up research related to Interpersonal Conflict Management for the Principal.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 345-351\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5617<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umigiarini Pangestu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment Teacher Training and Education, Lampung University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sowiyah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment Teacher Training and Education, Lampung University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mutiara Nur Ahlaini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment Teacher Training and Education, Lampung University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Felia Santika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment Teacher Training and Education, Lampung University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adem, J. (2019). The Practices and Challenges of Conflict Management the Case of Government Secondary Schools in Arada Sub-City. Addis Ababa University,\r\n[2] Akhurst, J., Magqamfana, S., &amp; Day, J. (2020). An action research-based intervention to tackle intergroup conflict: A case study of work with educators in a South African secondary school. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 6(1), 149-163.\r\n[3] Baxter, J. A. (2014). An independent inspectorate? Addressing the paradoxes of educational inspection in 2013. School Leadership &amp; Management, 34(1), 21-38.\r\n[4] Beenen, G., Pichler, S., &amp; Davoudpour, S. (2018). Interpersonal skills in MBA admissions: How are they conceptualized and assessed? Journal of Management Education, 42(1), 34-54. doi:10.1177\/1052562917703743\r\n[5] Beheshtifar, M., &amp; Zare, E. (2013). Interpersonal conflict: A substantial factor to organizational failure. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 400.\r\n[6] Bhayo, A. R., Shah, N., &amp; Chachar, A. A. (2017). The impact of interpersonal conflict and job stress on employees turnover intention. International Research Journal of Arts &amp; Humanities (IRJAH), 45(45).\r\n[7] Chow, C. M., Ruhl, H., &amp; Buhrmester, D. (2013). The mediating role of interpersonal competence between adolescents&#8217; empathy and friendship quality: A dyadic approach. Journal of adolescence, 36(1), 191-200. doi:10.1016\/j.adolescence.2012.10.004\r\n[8] Crossfield, D., &amp; Bourne, P. A. (2018). Management of interpersonal conflict between principals and teachers in selected secondary schools in Bermuda. Insights of Anthropology, 2(1). doi:10.36959\/763\/489\r\n[9] Dewi, R. (2013). Kinerja Kepala Sekolah: Pengaruh kepemimpinan Transformasional, konflik dan efikasi diri. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 18(2). doi:10.17977\/jip.v18i2.3615\r\n[10] Djafri, N. (2020). Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dasar di Kota Gorontalo. Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Budaya, 6(1), 97-104.\r\n[11] Emike, O. E., &amp; Chidi, D. M. (2020). Skill-Oriented Education And Career Competence Among Postgraduate Students In University Of Lagos, Nigeria. Ethiopian e-Journal for Research and Innovation Foresight (Ee-JRIF), 11(1).\r\n[12] Englefield, E., Black, S. A., Copsey, J. A., &amp; Knight, A. T. (2019). Interpersonal competencies define effective conservation leadership. Biological Conservation, 235, 18-26. doi:10.1016\/j.biocon.2019.03.043\r\n[13] Fajrussalam, H., Badrudin, B., &amp; Sulhan, M. (2019). The Influence of Principal\u2019s Communication and Conflict Management towards the Work Discipline of Teachers at SMA PGRI Tanjungsiang Subang. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2018).\r\n[14] Geiger, I. (2020). 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Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, &amp; Akuntansi), 2(3), 28-36. doi:10.31955\/mea.vol2.iss3.pp28-36\r\n[28] Sridasweni, S., Yusuf, A. M., &amp; Sabandi, A. (2017). Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional dan Komunikasi Interpersonal Dengan Manajemen Konflik Peserta Didik. INSIGHT: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 6(2), 176-193.\r\n[29] Syarnubi, S. (2016). Manajemen Konflik Dalam Pendidikan Islam dan Problematikanya: Studi Kasus di Fakultas Dakwah UIN-SUKA Yogyakarta. Tadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(1), 151-178.\r\n[30] Taayina, S. (2019). Mechanisms For Preventing, Managing And Resolving Inter-Religious Conflicts In Some Selected Senior High Schools In The Upper West Region.\r\n[31] Wulandari, K. P. (2019). Interpersonal Communication Approach to School Head of Teacher Development. Paper presented at the the 4th International Conference on Education and Management (COEMA 2019).\r\n[32] Zuelke, A. E., Roehr, S., Schroeter, M. L., Witte, A. V., Hinz, A., Engel, C., . . . Villringer, A. (2020). Are social conflicts at work associated with depressive symptomatology? Results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology, 15(1), 1.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Umigiarini Pangestu, Sowiyah, Mutiara Nur Ahlaini, Felia Santika &#8220;Principal\u2019s Interpersonal Conflict Management: A Literature Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.345-351 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5617<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/345-351.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/principals-interpersonal-conflict-management-a-literature-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Principal\u2019s Interpersonal Conflict Management: A Literature Review<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975b82a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"975b82a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975babb\" data-id=\"975babb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975bc0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975bc0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975bcd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975bcd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975be3a\" data-id=\"975be3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975bf64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975bf64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975c006 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975c006\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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data-id=\"975c311\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975c45e\" data-id=\"975c45e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975c564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975c564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975c5fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975c5fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975c743\" data-id=\"975c743\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975c851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975c851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975c8ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975c8ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975ca37\" data-id=\"975ca37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975cb3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975cb3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975cbd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975cbd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975cd54\" data-id=\"975cd54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975ce7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975ce7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exploring the Factors Influencing the Performance in Biology of Senior High School Students at University of Mindanao, Philippines<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Jovany Gleen L. Allawan- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 352-359<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975cf1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975cf1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975d0a9\" data-id=\"975d0a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975d1da elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"975d1da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study used a sequential exploratory strategy of a mixed-method research design aimed to explore the factors and this also aimed to determine the extent of relationship between these factors and performance of Senior High School students in biology. Factor analysis was employed to develop the instrument derived from the interview of the informants for data analysis. The predictor variables were tested whether these predict the performance of student in Biology. Result revealed five factors namely: teaching approach, student-related factors, teaching strategy, teacher\u2019s motivation, and learning resources. The respondent\u2019 mean level of agreement of these factors have an agree qualitative description which means it is oftentimes true for them. Students\u2019 performance in biology was also determine. Grade 11 have a very satisfactory rating while Grade 12 obtain an outstanding qualitative description. Using Spearman\u2019s rho correlation, all factors are not significantly correlated with the students\u2019 performance in biology.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 352-359\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5618\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5618<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jovany Gleen L. Allawan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGraduate, UM-Panabo College, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Afe, J.O. (2001). Reflections on Becoming a Teacher and the Challenges of Teacher Education. Inaugural Lecture Series 64. BeninCity:University ofBenin, Nigeria. Retrieved from https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/31bb\/ 8e88f72cb1ce0278581d20360c60 ab1592a5.pdf\r\n[2] Ajao, W. (2001). Determined to Move Education Forward. Vanguard. Journal of Education and Social Research, 3(3), 1-8. Retrievedfromhttps:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/b438\/f6d8087eda0cd694fccd4eab4a038afcb0b1.pdf\r\n[3] Akdemir, O., &amp; Koszalka, T. (2008). Investigating the relationships among instructional strategies and learning styles in online environments. Computers &amp; Education, 50, 1451-1461. doi: 10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.01.004.Retrievedfrom https:\/\/experts.syr.edu\/en\/publications\/investigating-the-relationships-among-instructional-strategies-an\r\n[4] Akey, T. (2006). School Context, Student Attitudes and Behavior, and Academic Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis. MDRC. 1-52. Retrieved from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/ fulltext\/ED489760.pdf\r\n[5] Ayap, L. (2007). Factors Affecting Mathematics Performance of Students of Cabarroguis National School of Arts and Trades. Master\u2019s Thesis. Philippine Normal University, Isabela.\r\n[6] Barrientos, K. (2015). Factors affecting performance in science of fourth year students in the National Achievement Test (NAT). (UndergraduateResearch).Retrievedfromhttps:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/KennethBarrientos4\/factors-affecting-perfo rmance-in-science-of-fourth-year-students-in-the-national-achievement-test-nat\r\n[7] Benjamin, A. (2014). The Impact of Performance Assessment on Students\u2019 Interest and Academic Performance in Science. (Graduate Thesis). University of the West Indies. 1-171. Retrieved from http:\/\/uwispace.sta.uwi.edu\/dspace\/bitstream\/handle\/2139\/39311\/Avis%20Benjamin.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\r\n[8] Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Retrieved from https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2008-13604-000\r\n[9] Egbona, E. (2002). Important of Audiovisual Instruction in the Association Diploma in Education in Nigeria University. West African Journal. Retrieved from https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ216372\r\n[10] Fayombo, G. A. (2014). Promoting student engagement and learning outcomes in psychology course through technology infused learner-centered strategies. In Veiga, F. (Coord.) Students\u2019 Engagement in School: International Perspectives of Psychology and Education, Lisboa. (Pp. 687-703). ISSN: 978-989-98314-8-3. Retrieved from https:\/\/ pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/7838\/ 677a4e07c25b58db19 f81307ecc82116f134.pdf\r\n[11] Fayombo, G. (2015). Learning Styles, Teaching Strategies and Academic Achievement among some Psychology Undergraduates in Barbados. Caribbean Educational Research Journal. 3, (2). 46-61.ISSN17275512.Retrievedfromhttps:\/\/www.cavehill.uwi.edu\/fhe\/education\/about-cerj\/past-issues\/volume-3,-number-2-(september-2015)\/volume-3-number-2\/article-grace-fayombo.aspx\r\n[12] Gand\u00eda, J. L., &amp; Montagud, M. D. (2011). Innovative Teaching Methods and Students&#8217; Academic Performance: An Empirical Study on Cost Accounting Education. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting, vol. XL (152), 677\u2013698. Retrieved from https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2278429\r\n[13] Hansen, M. &amp; Birol, G. (2014). Longitudinal Study of Student Attitudes in a Biology Program. Cell Biology Education\u2014Life Sciences Education Vol. 13, 331\u2013337. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/ PMC4041509\/pdf\/331.pdf\r\n[14] Ibe, E., Nworgu, L., &amp; Anyaegbunam, N. (2016). Influence of Teachers\u2019 Characteristics on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Biology Students. British Journal of Science, 13 (2). 33-44. ISSN20473745.Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/www.ajournal.co.uk\/pdfs\/BSvolume13(2)\/BSVol.13%20(2)%20Article%203.pdf\r\n[15] Khan, A., Khan, M. F., Khan, M. M., Fakhar, M., Irshad, M. K., Shahzada, N., &amp; Raheem, A. (2017). Factors responsible for teachers\u2019 motivation at secondary schools in district Abbottabad. City University Research Journal Special Issue: AIC, Malaysia. 130141.Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/www.cityuniversity.edu.pk\/curj\/Journals\/Journal\/special_aic_16\/14.pdf\r\n[16] Koroye, T. (2016). The influence of school physical environment on secondary school students\u2019 academic performance in Bayelsa state. Asian Journal of Educational Research, 4(2), 1-15. ISSN 23116080.Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/www.multidisciplinaryjournals.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/ABSTR ACT-THE-INFLUENCE-OF-SCHOOL.pdf\r\n[17] Langat, A. (2015). Students\u2019 attitudes and their effects on learning and achievement in biology: a case study of public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. A Reserch Project, 1-90. Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/irlibrary.ku.ac.ke\/bitstream\/handle\/123456789\/10911\/ Students%E2%80%99%20attitudes%20and%20their%20effects%20on%20learning%20and%20achievement%20in%20mathematics&#8230;.pdf?sequence=4&amp;isAllowed=y\r\n[18] Mahler, D., Gro\u00dfschedl, J., &amp; Harms, U. (2018) Does motivation matter? \u2013 The relationship between teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and enthusiasm and students\u2019 performance. PLoS ONE, 13(11). Retrieved from https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0207252\r\n[19] McGowen, R. S. (2007). The impact of school facilities on student achievement, attendance, behavior, completion rate and teacher turnover rate in selected Texas high schools. A Dissertation. Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&amp;M University, 1-151. Retrieved from http:\/\/oaktrust.library.tamu.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/1969.1\/ETD-TAMU-2054\/MCGOWEN-DISSERTATION.pdf?sequence=1\r\n[20] Nagler, K. (2016). Effective Classroom-Management &amp; Positive Teaching. English Language Teaching; Vol. 9, No. 1. ISSN 1916-4742.Retrieved rom https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/ fulltext\/EJ1087130.pdf\r\n[21] Neji, H.A. &amp; Nuoha, C.O. (2015). Utilization of Laboratory Facilities and Students\u2019 Academic Performance of Chemistry Students in Calabar, Nigeria. Chemistry and Materials Research, 7 (3),5762.ISSN22250956.Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/dl.icdst.org\/pdfs\/files3\/c30131cb68be4f5052f201a8345dea3b.pdf\r\n[22] Talisayon, V., de Guzman, F., &amp; Balbin, C. (2006). Science-related attitudes and interests of students. University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 1-9. Retrieved from https:\/\/roseproject.no\/ network\/countries\/philippines\/phl-talisayon-ioste2006.pdf\r\n[23] Uchefuna, M. (2001). A study of clinical supervision and teachers, effectiveness in Umuahia and Abia Educational Zones of Abia State. MEd Dissertation. Port Harcourt, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n[24] Zuelke, L. A. (2008). Relationships among science teacher qualifications, instructional practices, and student science achievement. (Dissertation). University of Florida. 1-83. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/etd.fcla.edu\/UF\/UFE0023658\/zuelke_l.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jovany Gleen L. Allawan &#8220;Exploring the Factors Influencing the Performance in Biology of Senior High School Students at University of Mindanao, Philippines&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.352-359 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5618<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/352-359.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exploring-the-factors-influencing-the-performance-in-biology-of-senior-high-school-students-at-university-of-mindanao-philippines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exploring the Factors Influencing the Performance in Biology of Senior High School Students at University of Mindanao, Philippines<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975e737 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"975e737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975e83a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975e83a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975e9c5\" data-id=\"975e9c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975eaee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975eaee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975eba3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975eba3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975ecfe\" data-id=\"975ecfe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975ee1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975ee1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975eebb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975eebb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975f020\" data-id=\"975f020\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975f134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975f134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975f1dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975f1dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975f33b\" data-id=\"975f33b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975f44f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975f44f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975f4eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975f4eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975f63b\" data-id=\"975f63b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975f750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975f750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975f7ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975f7ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975f93c\" data-id=\"975f93c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975fa46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975fa46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975faeb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975faeb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975fc50\" data-id=\"975fc50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-975fd68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"975fd68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of School Boards of Management Competencies in the Management of Funds for Subsidized Secondary Education in Kiminini sub-County in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Johnson Bulowa, Sarah Likoko- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 360-362<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-975fe08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"975fe08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-975ff80\" data-id=\"975ff80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97600a7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97600a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study analysed the competencies for the Boards of Management in managing funds for subsidized secondary school education in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population included all the Boards of Management of 68 public secondary schools in Kiminini Sub-County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 headteachers from 21 sampled schools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A questionnaire was used in data collection. The study established that current competencies of Boards of Management negatively and significantly influence effectiveness of managing funds in schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 360-362\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5619<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Johnson Bulowa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sarah Likoko <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Momanyi, J &amp;Chumba, S.(2013). Determination of educational projectscompletion time in secondary schools in Kenya; International journal advanced research (2013) Vol.1 issue 3,194-200\r\n[2] Owiti, B.H. (2010) .\u201cChallenges facing management of free primaryeducation in Kenya; A case study of Kedibo division, Kisumu West District, Kenya: Unpublished thesis.\r\n[3] Mutiva.(2004).Assessment of Human and Financial Resources to the Success of an Institution: A Case study of Tongaren division, BungomaNorth District, Kenya.\r\n[4] Ndiangui.(2011). Influence of the Level of Training of Head Teachers andBoards of Management in Financial Management, Segera ward, Laikipia North Sub-County, Laikipia County.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Johnson Bulowa, Sarah Likoko &#8220;Analysis of School Boards of Management Competencies in the Management of Funds for Subsidized Secondary Education in Kiminini sub-County in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.360-362 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5619<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/360-362.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-school-boards-of-management-competencies-in-the-management-of-funds-for-subsidized-secondary-education-in-kiminini-sub-county-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of School Boards of Management Competencies in the Management of Funds for Subsidized Secondary Education in Kiminini sub-County in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9760eb8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9760eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97612ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97612ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976143f\" data-id=\"976143f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9761552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9761552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97615ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97615ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976173e\" data-id=\"976173e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9761845 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9761845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97618e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97618e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9761a2f\" data-id=\"9761a2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9761b3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9761b3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9761bd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9761bd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9761d19\" data-id=\"9761d19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9761e22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9761e22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9761ebb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9761ebb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9761ff8\" data-id=\"9761ff8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976210b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976210b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97621ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97621ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976232b\" data-id=\"976232b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9762459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9762459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Immigration, Integration and Interculturality in Tunisia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Wafa Touihri &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 363-368<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97624fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97624fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976267c\" data-id=\"976267c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97627a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97627a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: Our current study is dedicated to an illustration of the question related to the integration of immigrant students from sub-Saharan Africa within the Tunisian system of higher education.\r\nOur target integration model transcends the functionalist determinist approach; it is not assimilation that fuses all subjects into one single entity nor communitarianism that maintains ethnic barriers above mixture and unanimity.\r\nMethods: This qualitative study was carried out among 100 students enrolled in the top three accessible multicultural private Tunisian universities. To analyze the relations between native immigrant students, we have devoted second criteria forming thus two case studies: there are two groups of students (a group of 50 Tunisian students and another group of 50 students with different sub-Saharan African nationalities.\r\nResults: The process of integrating subjects from different yet similar cultures, in this case, sub-Saharan African students, is an anthropological process seeking to put cultural diversity at the service of an inclusive environment with a new cultural code. The metaphor of the bridge between cultures is no longer valid; the focus is rather on the concept of the salad bowl integrating different cultures. University experience constitutes a key element to achieve professional insertion concerning the future of students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 363-368\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5620\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5620<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wafa Touihri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tunis\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Beitone. (2018). Economie, sociologie et histoire du monde contemporain. . Paris: Armand Colin.\r\n[2] Cerdin. (2001). L&#8217;expatriation. Paris: Editions d&#8217;Organisation.\r\n[3] Cohen-Emerique, M. (1996). The Intercultural Approach, a Prevention to the Exclusion. Les Cahiers de l\u2019Actif,, 250-251.\r\n[4] Durkheim. (1922). Education et sociologie . Paris: PUF .\r\n[5] Durkheim. (1960). De la division du travail. Paris: PUF.\r\n[6] Galland. (2011). Sociologie de la jeunesse. Paris: Armand Colin.\r\n[7] Geoffroy. (2001). La M\u00e9sentente Cordiale. Paris: Grasset,.Le Monde.\r\n[8] Legendre. (2002). Diversit\u00e9 culturelle et p\u00e9dagogie: Opinions and attitudes of the IUFM trainees of the Academy of Cr\u00e9teil. . Ville-Ecole-Int\u00e9gration. .\r\n[9] Levis-Strauss. (1989). Race et histoire. Paris: Gallimard, collection Folio essais.\r\n[10] Mazzella, S. B. (20009). La mondialisation \u00e9tudiante. Le Maghreb entre Nord et Sud. Paris: IRMC Karthala.\r\n[11] Mesure, M. S. (2006). Le dictionnaire des sciences humaines. Paris: Collection Quadrige.\r\n[12] Nasraoui. (2017). Les travailleurs migrants subsahariens en Tunisie face aux restrictions l\u00e9gislatives sur l\u2019emploi des \u00e9trangers. Revue Europ\u00e9enne des Migrations Internationales., vol. 33. n\u00b04.156-178.\r\n[13] Pouessel. (2012). Blacks in the Maghreb. Enjeux identitaires. . Paris: IRMC Karthala.\r\n[14] Pretceille. (1996). Education and intercultural communication. Paris: PUF.\r\n[15] Pretceille. (1996). For another paradigm of culture: from culture to culturality, to put an end to \u201cBabel\u201d.Education and intercultural communication. Paris : PUF.\r\n[16] Schanapper. (2007). Qu&#8217;est-ce que l&#8217;int\u00e9gration? Paris: Gallimard.\r\n[17] Touraine. (1993). L&#8217;int\u00e9gration \u00e0 la fran\u00e7aise, . Rapport du Haut Comit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;Int\u00e9gration.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wafa Touihri &#8220;Immigration, Integration and Interculturality in Tunisia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.363-368 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5620<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/363-368.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/immigration-integration-and-interculturality-in-tunisia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Immigration, Integration and Interculturality in Tunisia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976356a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"976356a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9763638 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9763638\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97637b3\" data-id=\"97637b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97638ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97638ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9763979 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9763979\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9763ad9\" data-id=\"9763ad9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9763bf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9763bf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9763c8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9763c8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9763ea8\" data-id=\"9763ea8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9763ff3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9763ff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97640a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97640a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976420e\" data-id=\"976420e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976431e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976431e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97643c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97643c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976451f\" data-id=\"976451f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9764626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9764626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97646c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97646c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976480d\" data-id=\"976480d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976491e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976491e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97649b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97649b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9764b1c\" data-id=\"9764b1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9764c25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9764c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Tertiary Education Trust Fund Policy on Essential Physical Infrastructure and Instructional Materials and Equipment in South East, Nigeria: Assessment<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Anorue, Chuks E., Ikediugwu, N. (Prof.) &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 369-374<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9764cc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9764cc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9764e3d\" data-id=\"9764e3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9764f79 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9764f79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to assess the Tertiary Education Trust Fund policy implementation for universities improvement in the South \u2013 East of Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions and four hypotheses. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design for the study. The population of the study is 765 staff of the federal and state public universities in South- East, Nigeria. There was no sampling since the number of Heads of Departments, Deans of Faculties, and TET Fund Committees of the Universities was manageable, the entire population was studied. Assessment of TET Fund Policy Implementations for Universities improvement questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The researcher also used a checklist to really ascertain the authenticity of the data provided by the respondents. Data were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the results revealed that the extent to which Tertiary Education Trust Fund has implemented policy on provisions of essential physical infrastructure for teaching and learning for the universities improvement in South-East, Nigeria is low and there is significant difference in the mean ratings of the opinion of the respondents. The findings also revealed that the extent to which TET Fund has implemented policy on the provisions of instructional materials and equipments for teaching and learning and is low, and there is no significant differences in the mean ratings of the respondents opinion on the result. The researcher made some recommendations which includes: that TET Fund should diversify its provisions of essential physical infrastructure to cover other areas like provision of administrative blocks, water resource, hostel accommodation, staff quarters and others. TET Fund board of directors should improve to a large extent its policy on the provision of instructional materials and equipment especially in providing items like laboratory apparatuses, personal computers, lap top computers to staff, document cameras, among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 369-374\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5621<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anorue, Chuks E. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational foundations and Administration, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri (affiliate of University of Nigeria Nsukka)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ikediugwu, N. (Prof.)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management and Policy, faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Assman, J. (2002). The mind of Egypt: History and meaning in the time of the pharohs. P. 127. Enlyclopaedia Britannica.\r\n[2] ASCC (2014). Tools and Materials for quality teaching and learning, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unite4education.\r\n[3] Australian National University (2014). Teaching room support and equipment. Retrieved from http:\/\/itservices. Anu.Edu.au\/teaching-and-learningsupport\/teaching.\r\n[4] Ekankumo, B. and Kemebaradikuno, N. (2014). Quality financing of higher education in Nigeria: A nostrum for the provision of quality education. Journal of Education and Practice, 5 (19) 62-63.\r\n[5] Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) (2013). National Policy on education NERDC: Abuja\r\n[6] Fulmer, J. (2009). \u201cwhat in the world is infrastructure? \u201cPEI Infrastructure Investor (July\/August): 30-32.\r\n[7] Hornby, A.S (2000) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of current English (6th ed). London: Oxford Press.\r\n[8] Idogho, P.O (2011). Higher education in Nigeria and the Challenges ahead. Nigeria-European Journal of Education Studies 3(2), 44-41.\r\n[9] Auchi: Ozean publications.\r\n[10] Ike, G.A; Chemezie, O.S and Iwu, A.O. (2002). New educational technology. Owerri: Onii Publishing House.\r\n[11] Nwakaudu, S. (2013). TET Fund and Infrastructural development in Nigeria Federal Universities. Retrieved from www.Thisdaylive.com \/article\/infrastructural development in Nigeria Universities.\r\n[12] TET Fund (2014). Tertiary Education trust fund Interactive workshop on TET Fund: Guildlines for accessing Intervention funds.\r\n[13] UDU, L.E. &amp; Nkwede, J.O (2014). Tertiary Education Trust Fund Interventions and sustianble Development in Nigerian universities: Evidence from Ebonyi State University, Abakiliki 7(4), Canada: Canada center of Science and Education.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anorue, Chuks E., Ikediugwu, N. (Prof.) &#8220;Tertiary Education Trust Fund Policy on Essential Physical Infrastructure and Instructional Materials and Equipment in South East, Nigeria: Assessment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.369-374 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5621\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/369-374.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/tertiary-education-trust-fund-policy-on-essential-physical-infrastructure-and-instructional-materials-and-equipment-in-south-east-nigeria-assessment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Tertiary Education Trust Fund Policy on Essential Physical Infrastructure and Instructional Materials and Equipment in South East, Nigeria: Assessment<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9765d92 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9765d92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9765e63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9765e63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9765fdc\" data-id=\"9765fdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9766103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9766103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97661a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97661a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97662f5\" data-id=\"97662f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9766406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9766406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9766614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9766614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97667d6\" data-id=\"97667d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9766913 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9766913\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97669b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97669b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9766b0c\" data-id=\"9766b0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9766c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9766c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9766cbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9766cbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9766e0a\" data-id=\"9766e0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9766f1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9766f1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9766fb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9766fb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976710b\" data-id=\"976710b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9767212 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9767212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97672bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97672bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976742c\" data-id=\"976742c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976753b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976753b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants of the Implementation of Day-Wing Policy in Boarding Secondary Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Oteko Malvine Akinyi, Dr. Wilson Muna &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 375-384<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97675d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97675d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976777c\" data-id=\"976777c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97678dd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97678dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The government of Kenya believes that the major reason for low enrolment in secondary schools is the high cost of secondary education. The number of students proceeding for secondary education had increased in the recent pastal though a big number of students still did not enroll in secondary schools. The policy of introducing day-wing into selected boarding secondary schools in Kenya was put in place to increase enrolment and to ensure 100 percent transition of students from primary to secondary school after the introduction of subsidized day secondary education and free day secondary education. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of implementation of day-wing policy into boarding secondary schools in Nairobi City County. The study adopted the Systems Theory. The study took place in ten boarding secondary schools in Nairobi City County which had the day-wing program. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population included ten school principals, fifteen deputy principals and six hundred teachers. Data collection instruments included use of questionnaires and interview schedule. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, mean and percentage which was presented on graphs, tables and charts. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data which was then presented in prose. Before commencing the study, the researcher sort permission from Kenyatta University, the Ministry of Education and principals of the ten boarding secondary schools implementing the day-wing policy. The study found out the introduction of day-wing on boarding secondary schools had put a lot of pressure on the available resources apart from textbooks which the government supplied in surplus. Cases of indiscipline had also increased. Coordination of activities became hectic and teachers had been overstretched due to too much workload. The study recommended that for the policy to be viable, the government needed to provide boarding schools with physical, human and financial resources to cater for increased number of students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 375-384\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oteko Malvine Akinyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Wilson Muna<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Achimugu. 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International Journal of Current Research, 3(7),285-291.\r\n[63] Troman, G. (2008). Living at a hundred miles an hour: Primary teachers\u2019 perceptions of work and stress. Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Queen\u2019s University, Belfast, August 27-30.\r\n[64] United Nations (2019). Sustainable Development Goals: Quality Education. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/education\/ [Accessed 24 May 2019].\r\n[65] Wakoli, C. (2013) Effects of Workload on the Teachers\u2019 Performance in Kanduyi Division, Bungoma District. International Journal of Science and Research, 6, pp.179-188.\r\n[66] Zhao, R., &amp; Kuo, Y. \u2013L. (2015). The role of self-discipline in predicting achievement for 10th graders. International Journal of Intelligent Technologies and Applied Statistics, 8(1), pp. 61-70\r\n[67] Zubaida, A.N. (2009).Indiscipline and its Management Techniques: A case study of a special education schoolin Kano State. The journal of the National Council for exceptional children, 11 (2), pp. 455-463\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oteko Malvine Akinyi, Dr. Wilson Muna &#8220;Determinants of the Implementation of Day-Wing Policy in Boarding Secondary Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.375-384 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/375-384.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-of-the-implementation-of-day-wing-policy-in-boarding-secondary-schools-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determinants of the Implementation of Day-Wing Policy in Boarding Secondary Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976873e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9768b3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9768cb6\" data-id=\"9768cb6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9768f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9768f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976900d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976900d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9769189\" data-id=\"9769189\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97692a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97692a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9769349 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9769349\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976949c\" data-id=\"976949c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97695b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97695b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976964f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976964f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976979e\" data-id=\"976979e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97698a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97698a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9769944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9769944\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9769a86\" data-id=\"9769a86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9769b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9769b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9769c2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9769c2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9769d9a\" data-id=\"9769d9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9769ea5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9769ea5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Effect of Qualitative-Descriptive and Quantitative Evaluation Methods on Mathematics Interest In Primary Schools in Benue-State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Buluku A, Emaikwu S. O. &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 385-390<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9769f62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9769f62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976a0cc\" data-id=\"976a0cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976a203 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"976a203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The study assessed the effectiveness of qualitative-descriptive evaluation method and quantitative evaluation methods on Mathematics interest of Primary School Pupils in Benue State. The design was non randomized control group, pretest \u2013 posted research design. 5463pupils of primary five formed the population while 201 pupils were sampled using intact class. Three research questions and one research hypothesis guided the study. Mathematics Interest Inventory (MII) was the instrument used for collecting data. Data analysis was carried out using mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA statistics tool. The findings revealed that; there was significant difference in mean interest of pupils when qualitative-descriptive and quantitative evaluation methods were used with qualitative descriptive group having higher mean of the interest rating. The study concluded that, Pupils interest in Mathematics is higher in the group evaluated using qualitative descriptive evaluation method. Primary School Teachers were therefore encouraged to adopt qualitative descriptive method of evaluation<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 385-390\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Buluku A <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Emaikwu S. O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Abdullahi, A. (2013). An investigation into the status of primary science teaching. Nigeria Journal of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria 20 (2), 193-200.\r\n[2] Adikwu, O. Aduloju, M.O. &amp; Agi, C. I. (2016) Educational Research Methods and Statistics. Makurdi. Selfers press.\r\n[3] Agi C. I, Akem J.A. &amp; Pila N. (2008). Evaluation of the Implementation of Universal Basic Education Program in Benue State. Journal. Vol 2, 64-75.\r\n[4] Ahmed, T. (2012). Descriptive evaluation of the primary schools: an Overview. Journal of management research 7(4), 15-17.\r\n[5] Akinoso, S.O. (2011) Correlates of some factors affecting students\u2019 achievement in secondary school mathematics in Osun State. In International journal of education, science, mathematics and environmental studies (1JESMES), University of Abuja 3(10, 83-95).\r\n[6] Ali, A. (2006). Conducting Research in Education and Social Sciences. Nsukka: Enugu: Tashiwa network ltd press.\r\n[7] Ali, M. (2019). Boosting interest and achievement in Number Base. The Journal of Science Teachers\u2019 Association of Nigeria (STAN). 7 (3), 26-33.\r\n[8] Alonge, M. F. (2004). Measurement and evaluation in education and psychology. Ado-Ekiti: Adebayo printing (Nig) Ltd\r\n[9] Ameh, H &amp; Dantani, I. (2012). Assessment of Learning Achievement of Primary Four Pupils. SCAPs Production 6(6), 23-26.\r\n[10] Bala, A. &amp; Musa, B. (2009). Effect of the use of number base game on senior secondary School Achievement in Number Bases. ABACUS: The Journal of the Mathematical Association of Nigeria (MAN), 31 (1), 103-109.\r\n[11] Chapman C. A. (2009). Monitoring of learning achievement for primary school pupils. Retrieved October 2017, from http\/\/:chapmanresearch.mcgill.ca\/index.html.\r\n[12] Emaikwu, S.O. (2016). Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics. Makurdi. (Revised Edition) Selfers Academic Press.\r\n[13] Fakhrolla, N, &amp; Afsaneh, E (2012). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 8 (1): 8- 15 www.irjabs.com,\r\n[14] Farnaz, Mohammad &amp; Shahvarani (2015). Descriptive Qualitative Method of Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Math Teachers and Its Comparison with the Quantitative Evaluation. Journal of science and todays\u2019 world.4(12) 100-106.\r\n[15] Federal Republic of Nigeria (2018) National policy on Education. Lagos: NERDC Press.\r\n[16] Hasani, M. 2009. Descriptive evaluation (new method in educational evaluations). Tehran: Canadian center of science and education.\r\n[17] Havelka, A. (2008). Classroom assessment minute by minute, day by day. Journal of Educational leadership. 6(3), 19-24.www.Ascd.org\/portal\/site\/ascd\/template\r\n[18] Idigo, E.C. (2010). Effective method of Retaining Students Interest in Mathematics in Secondary Schools in Enugu East local Government area of Enugu State, Unpublished pG Thesis, Institute of Ecumenical Education, Thinker\u2019s Corner, Enugu, in Affiliation with (ESUT), Enugu.\r\n[19] JETs (2018) The fate of Science tomorrow, Junior Engineers And Technicians journal. 3(3), 17-21.\r\n[20] Kobra, F &amp; Alireza, F. (2015). The impact of descriptive evaluation on improving the quality of teaching \u2013 learning of primary students in Tehran from teachers&#8217; point of view.Masters dsertation, Tehran payam Noor university.\r\n[21] Mcphee, J. (2009) Grooming Outstanding Originality Defining Styles (G.O.O.D.S). www.thegoodsmag.com\r\n[22] Nwafor , F. (2012) mathematics: An Essential tool for technological development. Journal of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria 20 (5), 93-100.\r\n[23] Nworgu, B.G. (2011b). Educational Research: Basic Issues and Methodology. Nsukka: University Trust Publishers.\r\n[24] Obayemi, M. (2013). Understanding the pythagoras theorem: Effect of the use of the laboratory teaching method. The Journalof Science Teachers\u2019 Association of Nigeria STAN ). 7 (6), 116-123.\r\n[25] Odum, C. (2013) Socio-Economic Determinants of Academic Performances in Aguata Local Government Area, Anambra: University. Press Plc.\r\n[26] Ogunniyi N.G (2009). ). Effect of the enquiry method on students interest and achievement in Number Bases. The Journalof Science Teachers\u2019 Association of Nigeria (STAN). 7 (4), 86-93.\r\n[27] Ojimba O.(2013). Factors Affecting Students\u2019 Achievement in Secondary school mathematics in kwara State. In International journal of education, science, mathematics and environmental studies (1 JESMES), 3(10), 68-75.\r\n[28] Saeed, M. (2015). Assessment achievement of primary grader students and factors affecting achievement in Pakistan. The International Journal of Education Management,19, 486-490. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1108\/09513540510617436\r\n[29] Seif, A.A. (2008). New Training Psychology, Learning Psychology and Education. International education studies. 5(4) 117-126.\r\n[30] Yusuf, A.F. (2011), \u201cInfluence of family status variables on undergraduates academic performances in economics: Implications for counseling\u201d, Online Journal of Social Sciences Research 1 (6), 185-191.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Buluku A, Emaikwu S. O. &#8220;Assessment of Effect of Qualitative-Descriptive and Quantitative Evaluation Methods on Mathematics Interest In Primary Schools in Benue-State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.385-390 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/385-390.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/385-390.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-effect-of-qualitative-descriptive-and-quantitative-evaluation-methods-on-mathematics-interest-in-primary-schools-in-benue-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Assessment of Effect of Qualitative-Descriptive and Quantitative Evaluation Methods on Mathematics Interest In Primary Schools in Benue-State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976b011 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"976b011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976b113 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976b113\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976b2af\" data-id=\"976b2af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976b3d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976b3d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976b476 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976b476\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976b5dd\" data-id=\"976b5dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976b6ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976b6ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976b78c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976b78c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976b8d8\" data-id=\"976b8d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976b9e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976b9e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976ba8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976ba8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976bbdb\" data-id=\"976bbdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976bcec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976bcec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976bd89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976bd89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976bed8\" data-id=\"976bed8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976bfe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976bfe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976c081 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976c081\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976c1d0\" data-id=\"976c1d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976c2e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976c2e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976c37b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976c37b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976c4ea\" data-id=\"976c4ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976c5fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976c5fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reasons of Apathy to Pandemic Instructions: Scenario in Bangladesh<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Md. Easin Ahmed &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 391-393<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976c69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976c69b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976c7fb\" data-id=\"976c7fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976c923 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"976c923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Covid-19 has caused much suffering to the world. No nation could get an exemption from this contagion. To reduce impairments, people had to follow instructions given by doctors, health organizations, and governments. This research affirmed massive amount of people had always been apathetic to the given pandemic instructions and their health. This paper&#8217;s purpose is to let disaffiliates know why many people are neglecting their life risk within this pandemic. It also may help to take some essential steps to reduce infection and death cases. Applying a total of 10 focus group discussions in May and June of 2020 to almost 80 random participants from roadsides and tea stalls, this paper upholds some basic narratives that demonstrate the scenario of the pandemic in Khulna, Bangladesh. Lacking proper knowledge, Frustration, Financial condition, Communication barriers, and many more reasons are liable for this kind of behavior. The media also played a very significant role. All these suggest that there are some obvious reasons for them to disregard the given instructions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 391-393\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5622\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5622<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Easin Ahmed<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKhulna University, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Dey, S.K., Rahman, M., Siddiqi, U.R. et al. Exploring Epidemiological Behavior of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in Bangladesh. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2, 1724\u20131732 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-020-00477-9\r\n[2] Saleh, A. (2020), In Bangladesh, COVID-19 threatens to cause a humanitarian crisis, &lt;https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2020\/04\/in-bangladesh-covid-19-could-cause-a-humanitarian-crisis\/?fbclid=IwAR1jmX4gpYIQrJLEkBSUHd4ThcIO7eceRi2CpcCn7rfGfRzVgY0nx9aClQY&gt;\r\n[3] Worldometer. (2020) Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. Available at: www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/\r\n[4] Worldometer. (2021) Bangladesh Population 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/bangladesh-population\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Easin Ahmed, &#8220;Reasons of Apathy to Pandemic Instructions: Scenario in Bangladesh&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.391-393 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5622\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/391-393.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reasons-of-apathy-to-pandemic-instructions-scenario-in-bangladesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Reasons of Apathy to Pandemic Instructions: Scenario in Bangladesh<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976d777 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"976d777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976d868 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976d868\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976d9f5\" data-id=\"976d9f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976db2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976db2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976dbdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976dbdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976dd34\" data-id=\"976dd34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976df9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976df9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976e057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976e057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976e1c7\" data-id=\"976e1c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976e2e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976e2e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976e38c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976e38c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976e4de\" data-id=\"976e4de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976e603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976e603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976e6a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976e6a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976e7fd\" data-id=\"976e7fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976e90a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976e90a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976e9b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976e9b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976eb28\" data-id=\"976eb28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976ec50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"976ec50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong> Human Resource Planning and Organizational Performance: A study of Telecom Companies in Port Harcourt A study of Telecom Companies in Port Harcourt<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu, Nchey, Gabriel Achukwu, Oshogbunu, Esther Ogochukwu, Sokari, Ndomokidem Myra &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 394-398<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976ecf6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"976ecf6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-976ee69\" data-id=\"976ee69\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976ef92 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"976ef92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was to investigate the influence of Human resource planning on organizational performance. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of human resource planning on organizational performance in the telecom company in Port Harcourt. The study used a well structured questionnaire to obtain data from 160 top managers and middle level managers. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis and regression analysis for the hypotheses. Findings from the study disclosed. HRP has a significant influence on organizational performance (R=0.563, R2= 0.318, P=0.000). Furthermore, finding suggests that an effective human resource planning such as anticipating manpower factors of job satisfaction, understanding peoples need, utilization, motivation, compensation and training and development packages have the capacity to assist the organization in modifying the behavior, increase creativity and increase its workers level of innovativeness and commitment towards improving organizational performance. It was recommended that Companies should spend more on Human Resources; which can lead towards High performance achievement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 394-398\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Petroleum Marketing and Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic of Oil And Gas Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria .\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nchey, Gabriel Achukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatuis Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oshogbunu, Esther Ogochukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatuis Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sokari, Ndomokidem Myra<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatuis Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ake, C. 2001, Democracy and development in Africa, Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.\r\n[2] Ashwathappa, K., (2002), human Resources &amp; personal Management, (4th Ed) Hill Publication.\r\n[3] Collins, R. R., (1987). The strategic contributions of the human resource function. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources; 25,(5): 5-20.\r\n[4] Schuler, R. S and Macmillan, I. C., (1984).Gaining competitive advantage through human resource management practices. Human Resource Management: 23, (3):241-256.\r\n[5] Gary Dessler (2003), Human Resources Management,(3rd Ed) Prentice Hall.\r\n[6] Hartmann, A. (2006). The role of organizational culture in motivating innovative behavior in construction firms. Construction Innovation, 6 (3), 159-172.\r\n[7] Mills ,D. Q. (1985). Planning with people in mind, Harvard Business Review, 97-105\r\n[8] Kaplan, M., Ogut, E., Kaplan, A., &amp; Aksay, K. (2012). The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: The case of hospital employees. World Journal of Management, 4(1), 22-29.\r\n[9] Keupp, M. M., Palmie, M., &amp; Gassmann, O. (2012). The strategic management of innovation: A systematic review and paths for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14, 367\u2013390.\r\n[10] Khan, M. A., (2010). Effects of human resource management practices on organizational performance. An empirical study of oil and gas industry in Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, Financial and Administrative Sciences, 24, (158):1450-2275.\r\n[11] Lok, P. &amp; Crawford, J. (2003).The effect of organizational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Management Development, 23:321-338.\r\n[12] Omodia, S. M. 2009, Manpower development in Nigeria: conceptual and methodological perspectives, Journal of Social Sciences, 18(2):113-117\r\n[13] Sunil, J. R., (2003). Measuring human resource management\u2019s effectiveness in improving performance. Human Resource Planning; 26, (1): 51-66.\r\n[14] Susan, E Jackson &amp; Randall, S.S., (1990), HRP Challenges for Industrial \/Organizational Psychologists, American Psychologists, 45(2):220 &#8211; 223.\r\n[15] Yang, J. T. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 609-619.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu, Nchey, Gabriel Achukwu, Oshogbunu, Esther Ogochukwu, Sokari, Ndomokidem Myra, &#8220;Human Resource Planning and Organizational Performance: A study of Telecom Companies in Port Harcourt&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.394-398 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/394-398.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/394-398.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/human-resource-planning-and-organizational-performance-a-study-of-telecom-companies-in-port-harcourt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Human Resource Planning and Organizational Performance: A study of Telecom Companies in Port Harcourt<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976fdaa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"976fdaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-976fe94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977035c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97704e5\" data-id=\"97704e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97705fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97705fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97706a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97706a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97707ef\" data-id=\"97707ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97708ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97708ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977099b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977099b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9770ae9\" data-id=\"9770ae9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9770bee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9770bee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9770c92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9770c92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9770dd7\" data-id=\"9770dd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9770ee4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9770ee4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9770f60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9770f60\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97710c8\" data-id=\"97710c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97711d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97711d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Assessment of the Level of Implementation of Procurement Management Practices in the Public Sector<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Isidore Komla Zotoo, Rejoice Worlasi Zotoo, Lu zhangping- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 395-404<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977127b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977127b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97713f5\" data-id=\"97713f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9771533 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9771533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aimed at assessing the level of implementation of procurement management practices in the public sector of Ghana. To achieve this, the study adopted an exploratory research design and a quantitative research approach. The study further adopted the use of judgement sampling technique and questionnaire were used to select and collect data from 56 employees of the Ghana Revenue Authority.\r\nThe findings revealed that, the major procurement management practices GRA engages in during a typical procurement process include transparency, information accessibility and availability and efficiency and effectiveness and these practices were visible during the sourcing, contract management, storage, distribution and disposal, qualification and monitoring and evaluation processes. Additionally, it was found that, the level of compliance to the procurement regulations among employees of GRA during a typical procurement process was high.\r\nThe findings further revealed that, the execution of procurement management practices at the GRA, face a number of challenges.\r\nThe study recommended that, there is a need for more transparency, punishment for flouting of procurement regulations, less government interferences and clarity in communication for employees and suppliers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 395-404\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5623\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5623<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isidore Komla Zotoo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nJiangsu University, School of Management China\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rejoice Worlasi Zotoo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGhana Communication and Technology University, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lu zhangping <\/strong><\/span>\r\nJiangsu University, School of Management China\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdullah, Maizatulakma, Noradiva Hamzah, Mohd Helmi Ali, Ming-Lang Tseng, and Matthew Brander. 2020. &#8220;The Southeast Asian haze: The quality of environmental disclosures and firm performance.&#8221; Journal of Cleaner Production 246:118958.\r\n[2] Abutabenjeh, Sawsan. 2021. &#8220;Strategic management in state government two servants of the same master: Procurement and finance.&#8221; International Journal of Public Administration 44 (7):607-621.\r\n[3] Akinkunmi, Olutayo Gabriel, Douglas Omoregie Aghimien, and Oluwaseyi Alabi Awodele. 2018. &#8220;Appraising the use of labour-only procurement system for building construction in Nigeria.&#8221; Organization, technology management in construction: an international journal 10 (1):1719-1726.\r\n[4] Ambe, Intaher Marcus. 2019. &#8220;The role of public procurement to socio-economic development.&#8221; Journal of Procurement Management 12 (6):652-668.\r\n[5] Bals, Lydia, and Virpi Turkulainen. 2017a. &#8220;Achieving efficiency and effectiveness in Purchasing and Supply Management: Organization design and outsourcing.&#8221; Journal of Purchasing Supply Management 23 (4):256-267.\r\n[6] Bals, Lydia, and Virpi Turkulainen. 2017b. &#8220;Achieving efficiency and effectiveness in Purchasing and Supply Management: Organization design and outsourcing.&#8221; J Journal of Purchasing Supply Management 23 (4):256-267.\r\n[7] Bhattacherjee, Anol. 2012. &#8220;Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices.&#8221;\r\n[8] Bonifield, Carolyn M, and Catherine A Cole. 2020. &#8220;COMPREHENSION OF AND VULNERABILITY TO PERSUASIVE MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS AMONG OLDER CONSUMERS.&#8221; The Aging Consumer: Perspectives from Psychology Marketing:182.\r\n[9] Edler, Jakob, and Jillian Yeow. 2016. &#8220;Connecting demand and supply: The role of intermediation in public procurement of innovation.&#8221; Research Policy 45 (2):414-426.\r\n[10] Harrison, Helena, Melanie Birks, Richard Franklin, and Jane Mills. 2017. &#8220;Case study research: Foundations and methodological orientations.&#8221; Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung\/Forum: Qualitative Social Research.\r\n[11] Heath, Joseph, and Wayne Norman. 2004. &#8220;Stakeholder theory, corporate governance and public management: what can the history of state-run enterprises teach us in the post-Enron era?&#8221; Journal of business ethics 53 (3):247-265.\r\n[12] Knack, Stephen, Nataliya Biletska, and Kanishka Kacker. 2019. &#8220;Deterring kickbacks and encouraging entry in public procurement markets: Evidence from firm surveys in 90 developing countries.&#8221; The World Bank Economic Review 33 (2):287-309.\r\n[13] Kwasi, Stephen Nkesah. 2020. &#8220;Suppliers Approach to Sustainable Procurement: A Case Study of Ghana Cocoa Board.&#8221; H\u00f8gskolen i Molde-Vitenskapelig h\u00f8gskole i logistikk.\r\n[14] Luu, Ngoc, Jack Cadeaux, and Liem Viet Ngo. 2018. &#8220;Governance mechanisms and total relationship value: the interaction effect of information sharing.&#8221; Journal of Business Industrial Marketing.\r\n[15] Lyrio, Maur\u00edcio Vasconcellos Le\u00e3o, Rog\u00e9rio Jo\u00e3o Lunkes, and Emma Teresa Castell\u00f3 Taliani. 2018. &#8220;Thirty years of studies on transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector: The state of the art and opportunities for future research.&#8221; Public Integrity 20 (5):512-533.\r\n[16] Nadi, Mohammad Ali. 2018. &#8220;The structural model of relationship between organizational trust and organizational commitmen with knowledge sharing behavior: The mediation of organizational culture and organizational Health Teachers.&#8221; Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration 9 (35):291-310.\r\n[17] Sarfo, Patrick Adu, and Richard Baah-Mintah. 2013. &#8220;Assessing the effect of the procurement act (663) on the public financial management in Ashanti region.&#8221; American Journal of Rural Development 1 (4):91-98.\r\n[18] S\u00f6nnichsen, S\u00f6nnich Dahl, and Jesper Clement. 2020. &#8220;Review of green and sustainable public procurement: Towards circular public procurement.&#8221; Journal of cleaner production 245:118901.\r\n[19] Stebbins, Robert A. 2001. Exploratory research in the social sciences. Vol. 48: Sage.\r\n[20] Suryanto, Tulus, Muhammad Haseeb, and Nira Hariyatie Hartani. 2018. &#8220;The correlates of developing green supply chain management practices: Firms level analysis in Malaysia.&#8221; International Journal of Supply Chain Management 7 (5):316.\r\n[21] TIREFA, WOSSENE MESELE. 2019. &#8220;Baynesagn Asfaw (Ph. D.).&#8221; Ethiopian Civil Service University.\r\n[22] Titl, Vitezslav, and Benny Geys. 2019. &#8220;Political donations and the allocation of public procurement contracts.&#8221; European Economic Review 111:443-458.\r\n[23] Tufford, Lea, and Peter Newman. 2012. &#8220;Bracketing in qualitative research.&#8221; Qualitative social work 11 (1):80-96.\r\n[24] Wilmshurst, Trevor D, and Geoffrey R Frost. 2000. &#8220;Corporate environmental reporting.&#8221; Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Isidore Komla Zotoo, Rejoice Worlasi Zotoo, Lu zhangping &#8220;An Assessment of the Level of Implementation of Procurement Management Practices in the Public Sector&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.395-404 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5623<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/395-404.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-assessment-of-the-level-of-implementation-of-procurement-management-practices-in-the-public-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Assessment of the Level of Implementation of Procurement Management Practices in the Public Sector<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9772496 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9772496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97728a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97728a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97729fd\" data-id=\"97729fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9772b04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9772b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9772ba9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9772ba9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9772cf6\" data-id=\"9772cf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9772e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9772e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9772e9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9772e9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9772fee\" data-id=\"9772fee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97730f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97730f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9773194 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9773194\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97732da\" data-id=\"97732da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97733e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97733e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9773482 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9773482\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97735ce\" data-id=\"97735ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97736cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97736cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977376f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977376f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97738d5\" data-id=\"97738d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97739f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97739f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Collaboration within a Supply Chain and Corprate Wellness of Digital TV Firms in Rivers State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oladapo Taiwo &amp; Kalu, Sylva Ezema- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 405-412<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9773a90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9773a90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9773c61\" data-id=\"9773c61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9773dd3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9773dd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Surviving and building an advantage in the digital T.V industry depends on how well firms are able to collaborate with other members of their complex supply chain network. This study examined the relationship between collaborative supply chain strategies such as decision synchronization and incentive alignment and Corprate wellness metric, customer patronage. A cross- sectional survey research design was adopted for this study. A population of 36 was adopted, comprising of sales representative, dealer supports and customer care representatives. 36 copies of structured questionnaire was issued out and retrieved. Analysis of the data was done through the use of descriptive tables, charts, and kendall-Tau-b correlation coefficient of the SPSS version 22.0 package. The study concluded that decision synchronization and incentive alignment significantly influence customer patronage. This study recommends that digital T.V firms should imbibe decision synchronization and incentive alignment in order to achieve increased customer patronage.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 405-412\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2020<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oladapo Taiwo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Marketing, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kalu, Sylva Ezema<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Marketing, University of Port Harcourt\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adams, C.L. and Goldsmith, P. 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(26) 368-388.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oladapo Taiwo &amp; Kalu, Sylva Ezema &#8220;Collaboration within a Supply Chain and Corprate Wellness of Digital TV Firms in Rivers State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.405-412 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/405-412.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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elementor-element-9775c62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9775c62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9775dab\" data-id=\"9775dab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9775eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9775eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9775f54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9775f54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97760a3\" data-id=\"97760a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97761a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97761a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97765db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97765db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97767cf\" data-id=\"97767cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9776909 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9776909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Revival of the Concept of Waqf among Scholars in Adamawa State Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Aminu Yakubu, Salihu Muhammad Abubakar, Malami Muhammad Garba, Fadimatu Ahmad Jika- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 413-418<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97769b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97769b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9776b43\" data-id=\"9776b43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9776c82 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9776c82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Waqf as an Islamic charitable endowment, it has played a dynamic role in the socio-economic activities of Muslims all over the world. Studies have revealed that waqf has worked as an effective tool for improving socio-economic condition in several Muslims countries all over the world. The concept of waqf has been in existence for the long period of time in most Muslim communities. However, in most of the Muslim community the concept is still new in the public. The purpose of this paper is to revive the concept of waqf among scholars in Adamawa state Nigeria, to create awareness among on the substantial role of waqf on socio-economic development and to demand on people both the rich and the middle class to participate in waqf for the advantage of Ummah. The paper adopted qualitative research approach through interview. However, structural interview was conducted with five Islamic scholars in Adamawa state.The findings show that even among the scholars the familiarity of the concept of waqf is partial, majority of the scholars does not know much about developing waqf as well as the economic important of waqf. Therefore, the scholars, intellectuals, and practitioners of waqf have a vivacious role to play in creating awareness and sensitization among scholars on the general concept of waqf and its significant role in humanitarian and economic development of Muslims community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 413-418\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aminu Yakubu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State Polytechnic School of Continuing Education Islamic Studies Department\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Salihu Muhammad Abubakar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State Polytechnic School of Continuing Education Islamic Studies Department\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malami Muhammad Garba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool for Secondary Education, Arts and Social Sciences, Federal College of Education, Yola Adamawa State\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fadimatu Ahmad Jika<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdamawa State Polytechnic School of Continuing Education Islamic Studies Department\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] A.Mohsin, M. I. (2012). Waqf-shares\u202f: new product to finance old waqf properties. Bank and Bank Systems.\r\n[2] Abdullah, R., &amp; Ismail, A. G. (2017). Taking stock of the waqf-based Islamic microfinance model. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSE-06-2015-0176\r\n[3] Ahmed, Habib. (2007). Waqf -based microfinance: realizing the social role of Islamic finance. Singapore.\r\n[4] Ahmed, Hasanuddin, &amp; Khan, A. (1998). Strategies To Develop Waqf Administration in India.\r\n[5] Al-khirqi, A. alQasim U. bin H. bin A. bin A. (2013). AlMukhtasar Almugny (8th ed.). Dar \u2019Alam al Kutub.\r\n[6] Amuda, Y. J. (2013). Empowerment of Nigerian Muslim Households through Waqf, Zakat, Sadaqat and Public Funding. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(6), 419\u2013424.\r\n[7] Cooney, T. M. (2007). the irish journal of management incorporating. 28(2).\r\n[8] Deguilhem, R. (2004). On the Nature of Waqf: Pious Foundations in Contemporary Syria. Waqf En M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e: Enjeux de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Enjeux de Pouvoir, 395\u2013430.\r\n[9] Haitam, S., (2016) The Islamic Trust waqf: a Stagnant or Reviving Legal Institution. Electronic Journal of Islamic and Meddle Eastern Law (EJIMEL), Vol.4 (2016). Pages, http:\/\/www.ejimel.uzh.ch ISSN 1664-5707\r\n[10] Haqeel, I. M. (2011). Waqf and its virture. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.alukah.net\/sharia\/0\/36834\/\r\n[11] Hoexter, M. (1998). Endowments, Rulers, and Community: Waqf Al-Haramayn in Ottoman Algiers. Studies in Islamic Law and Society Leiden: E. J. Brill, 6, 200\u2013204.\r\n[12] Kahf, M. (1999). Towards the Revival of Awqaf: A Few Fiqhi Issues to Reconsider. Harvard Forum on Islamic Finance and Economics, 1\u201316.\r\n[13] Kayadibi, S., Polat, R., Fidan, Y., &amp; Kayadibi, O. (2014). The role of cash waqf in poverty alleviation: case of malaysia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law.\r\n[14] Mohsin, M. I. A. (2012). Waqf-shares: New product to finance old waqf properties. Banks and Bank Systems, 7(2), 72\u201378.\r\n[15] Nahar, H. S., &amp; Yaacob, H. (2011). Accountability in the sacred context: The case of management, accounting and reporting of a Malaysian cash awqaf institution. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2(2), 87\u2013113.\r\n[16] Salman, A.S, Abdul Ghafar,I and Muhammad, H.M.S (2017). Application of waqf for social and development finance. International Journal of Islamic Finance.Retrieved from http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licences\/by\/4.0\/legalcode pdf\r\n[17] Shatzmtller, M. (1991). Waqf Khayri in Fourteenth-Century Fez: Legal, Social and Economie Aspects. Anaquel de Estudios Arabes, (2), 193\u2013217.\r\n[18] Toraman, C., Tuncsiper, B., &amp; Yilmaz, S. (2007). Cash Awqaf in the Ottomans as Philanthropic Foundations and Their Accounting Practices. Fifth Accounting History International Conference, Banff, Alberta., 2\u201319. Retrieved from http:\/\/journal.mufad.org\/attachments\/article\/452\/7.pdf\r\n[19] Wellington, D. C., &amp; Zandvakili, S. (2006). The entrepreneurial myth, globalization and American economic dominance. The Entrepreneurial Myth, 33(9), 615\u2013624.\r\n[20] Yaacob, H. (2011). Accountability in the sacred context: The case of management, accounting and reporting of a Malaysian cash awqaf institution. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2(2), 87\u2013113.\r\n[21] Yaacob, H., Petra, S., Sumardi, A., &amp; Nahar, H. S. (2015). Accountability through accounting and reporting lenses: Lessons from an awqaf institution in a Southeast Asia country. Humanomics, 31(3), 299\u2013313. Yusuf Jelili Amuda. (2017). Commercialization of Cash Waqf In Nigeria: An Analysis Of Its Implementation. University of Malaya.\r\n[22] Zaki, E. (2006). A Summary of Waqf Regulations. Kuwait.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aminu Yakubu, Salihu Muhammad Abubakar, Malami Muhammad Garba, Fadimatu Ahmad Jika &#8220;Revival of the Concept of Waqf among Scholars in Adamawa State Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.413-418 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/413-418.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/413-418.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/revival-of-the-concept-of-waqf-among-scholars-in-adamawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Revival of the Concept of Waqf among Scholars in Adamawa State Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9777bd8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9777bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9778758\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97788af\" data-id=\"97788af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97789c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97789c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9778a65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9778a65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9778bb3\" data-id=\"9778bb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9778cb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9778cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9778d5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9778d5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9778ea9\" data-id=\"9778ea9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9778fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9778fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9779052 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9779052\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97791c1\" data-id=\"97791c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97792cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97792cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The National Health Financing Policy and Access to Healthcare in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dachi I. Arikpo, Peter S. Ubi, Agnes S. Antai- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 419-427<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977936d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977936d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97794ef\" data-id=\"97794ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977964c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"977964c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper examines the impact of Nigeria&#8217;s National Health Financing Policy since its inception in 2006 on access to healthcare. Access to healthcare is at the core of attaining Universal Health Coverage. We analysed the Policy&#8217;s provisions against five thematic areas and presented the situation analyses of each of these areas. The analyses reveal that although Nigeria experienced an improvement in some health indicators, these improvements are on the decline in the post-Millenuium Development Era. In addition, the challenges which the policy sought to address viz establishing sustained funding for healthcare, reducing catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures on healthcare, inadequate coverage of social insurance, and poor coordination of donor activities persist 15 years after the Policy. The persistence of these challenges often leadsto the inability to access healthcare when needed and impoverishment from obtaining healthcare, thereby worsening health inequities. We, therefore, advocatefor the strengthening of existing governance and health systems on which the health financing policy can thrive. It is also essential to explore other avenues for mobilising and pooling funds to finance healthcare to supplement the budgetary allocations by the government. There is also the need to overhaul the National Health Insurance Scheme, which has yielded minimal gains in improving access to care. Finally, we suggest a review of 15 years-old Policy to take into account the new realities of healthcare financing, especially in terms of containing public healthemergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 419-427\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dachi I. Arikpo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria\r\nInstitute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention,University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Peter S. Ubi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention,University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Agnes S. Antai <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] FMOH (2006).National Health Financing Policy.Abuja,Nigeria:Federal Ministry ofHealth\r\n[2] WHO (2006).Health financing: a strategy for the African Region. Regional Committee resolution AFR\/RC56\/R5. 2006, Brazzaville: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa\r\n[3] UN (2000). Millennium development goals. United Nations. Available online: http:\/\/www.un.org\/millenniumgoals\/\r\n[4] Olakunde BO. 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Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(11):e1196\u2013252. doi:10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30386-3. [PubMed: 30196093].\r\n[17] WHO (2001). Macroeconomics And Health:Investing in Health forEconomic Development\r\n[18] Adebisi Y A, Umah J O, Olaoye O C, Alaran A J, Sina-Odunsi A B, et al. Assessment of Health Budgetary Allocation and Expenditure Toward Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Nigeria, Int J Health Life Sci. Online ahead of Print ; 6(2):e102552. doi: 10.5812\/ijhls.102552.\r\n[19] Edeh JN, Udoikah JM. NationalHealth Insurance Scheme andhealthcare administration in Nigeria: Anassessment. International Journal ofSocial Science Research. 2015;6(4):2383-2394\r\n[20] World Bank (2018A). Nigeria Health Financing Assessment.\r\n[21] FMOH (2018). National Strategic Health Development Plan II\r\n[22] Oburota, C.S. and Olaniyan, O. (2020). Health care financing and income inequality in Nigeria. International Journal of SocialEconomics, Vol. 47 No. 11, pp. 1419- 1431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSE-05-2020-0286\r\n[23] Federal Budget Office (2021). 2021 National Budget\r\n[24] Okpani AI, Abimbola S (2015). Operationalisinguniversal health coverage in Nigeria through social health insurance.Niger Med J 2015;56:305-10\r\n[25] FMOH (2019). Health facility registry. https:\/\/hfr.health.gov.ng\r\n[26] African Union (2001). Abuja Declaration on HIV\/AIDS, Tuberculosis and other related Infectious Diseases. https:\/\/au.int\/sites\/default\/files\/pages\/32894-file-2001-abuja-declaration.pdf\r\n[27] FMOH (2016). National HealthPolicy. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health.\r\n[28] WHO (2019). Global health expenditure database.\r\n[29] Oyedeji R, Abimbola S. (2014). How tertiary hospitals can strengthen Primary Health Care in Nigeria. Niger Med J 2014; 55:519-20.\r\n[30] Makinde, O. A., Sule, A., Ayankogbe, O., &amp; Boone, D. (2018).Distribution of health facilities in Nigeria: Implications and options for Universal Health Coverage. The International journal of health planning and management, 33(4), e1179\u2013e1192.\r\n[31] World Bank (2018b). Lack of health care is a waste of human capital: 5 ways to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/immersive-story\/2018\/12\/07\/lack-of-health-care-is-a-waste-of-human-capital-5-ways-to-achieve-universal-health-coverage-by-2030\r\n[32] WHO (2010b). World Health Report 2010, Health financing and access to effective interventions. Background paper 8.\r\n[33] WHO (2018). Tracking universal health coverage (UHC) https:\/\/www.who.int\/health_financing\/topics\/financial-protection\/qa-tracking-uhc\/en\/\r\n[34] Onyeji E. NHIS: Regulators shouldbe Blamed for Poor Coverage ofNigerians\u2014Official. Premium Times,Sunday,March 3 2019. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/more-news\/260920nhisregulators-blamed-poor-coveragenigeriansofficial.html [Accessed:March 16, 2019]\r\n[35] Odeyemi, I. A. O. (2014). &#8220;Community-based health insurance programmes and the national health insurance scheme of Nigeria: challenges to uptake and integration.&#8221; International Journal for Equity in Health 13(1): 20.\r\n[36] Onwujekwe O, Onoka C, Uzochukwu B, Okoli C, Obikeze E, Eze S. (2009). \u201cIs community-based health insurance an equitable strategy for paying for healthcare? Experiences from southeast Nigeria.\u201d Health Policy 92 (1): 96-102. 10.1016\/j.healthpol.2009.02.007.\r\n[37] Adinma ED, Nwakoby BA, Adinma BD. (2010). \u201cIntegrating maternal health services into a health insurance scheme: effect on healthcare delivery\u201d. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 20 (2): 86-93.\r\n[38] PWC (2019). Sustainability of State Health Insurance Schemes in Nigeria Beyond the Launch\r\n[39] World Health Organization (2018b). Nigeria \u2013 Country Cooperation strategy at a glance.https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/ 10665\/136785\/csbrief_nga_en.pdf;jsessionid=A1E26089D90ED5FBE5984A44F0FDB6DB?sequence=1. Accessed 01 June 2021\u2019\r\n[40] Arikpo DI, NdemBE, Ogbuagu UR (2020). Population Policy, Fertility Rates and Health SectorDevelopment in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Research 5(12):3959-3972.\r\n[41] Asakitikpi A. (2019). Healthcare Coverage and Affordability in Nigeria: An Alternative Model to Equitable healthcare delivery DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.85978\r\n[42] Olaniyan, O., and Olasehinde, N. Odufuwa, T,Faronbi, T and Adebayo, O.A 2020. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Achieving theHealth Pillar of the Demographic Dividend andSDG3 in Nigeria. University of Ibadan HealthPolicy and Training Programme, Department ofEconomics.\r\n[43] FMOH (2010). The National Strategic Health Development Plan (NSHDP I) 2010 2015.Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health.\r\n[44] FederalMinistry of Budget and National Planning (2017). National Economic Growth and Recovery Plan (2017-2020).\r\n[45] WHO (2021). Universal Health Coverage. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/universal-health-coverage-(uhc)\r\n[46] Federal Government of Nigeria (2010). \u201cNigeria Vision 20:2020, Abridged Version\u201d,National Bureau of Statistics, Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n[47] Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014). National Health Act, 2014. Official gazette No.145 vol.101\r\n[48] Federal Ministry of Health, National Health Insurance Scheme, and the NationalPrimary Health Care Development Agency (2016). Guidelines for the Administration,Disbursement, Monitoring and FundManagement of the Basic Healthcare ProvisionFund (BHCPF). FMOH, NHIS, and NPHCDA. Abuja, Nigeria\r\n[49] Federal Republic of Nigeria (2018) National Strategic Health Development Plan(NSHDP II). Federal Ministry of Health. Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dachi I. Arikpo, Peter S. Ubi, Agnes S. Antai &#8220;The National Health Financing Policy and Access to Healthcare in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.419-427 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/419-427.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/419-427.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-national-health-financing-policy-and-access-to-healthcare-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The National Health Financing Policy and Access to Healthcare in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977a488 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"977a488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977b403 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977b403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977b4ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977b4ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977b5eb\" data-id=\"977b5eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977b6f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977b6f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977b78f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977b78f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977b8f1\" data-id=\"977b8f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977b9fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977b9fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Interdisciplinary Team Strategies for Terminally Ill Clients and Families Experiencing anticipatory grief In Home-Based Care In Kenyan low-Income communities: A Systematic Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr. Wanjiru Jane J. Mugai &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 429-436<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977ba9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977ba9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977bc29\" data-id=\"977bc29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977bd6c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"977bd6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study evaluated the effectiveness of interdisciplinary team strategies for helping terminally clients and families experiencing anticipatory grief in home-based care. Interdisciplinary teams represent the collaborative working between professionals from various disciplines including physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, and other trained volunteers as well as spiritual leaders with the aim of addressing various needs of patients or clients with terminal illnesses and their families. Most patients diagnosed with life-limiting illnesses such as cancer, Alzheimer\u2019s disease among other life threatening illnesses may have multiple and complex needs. Facing end of life due to advanced severe illness can result in psychological pain and distress associated with anticipatory grief. Such clients and their families require integration of interdisciplinary team strategies to their care regimen so as to help them cope with psychosocial issues and complex multi-morbidity. Sustained levels of anticipatory grief can result in serious health risks including serious mental health disorders like clinical depression in patients faced with end-of-life and members of their families. Although little evidence exists regarding the risk factors of anticipatory grief, some empirical evidence point to a serious state of emotional suffering that may require integration of support from an interdisciplinary approach. However, the approaches aimed at addressing the end-of-life psychosocial issues in Africa and Kenya in particular may not be similar with those utilized in the western world and many of them are not well documented. There was need to assess the effectiveness of strategies being implemented by interdisciplinary teams to address issues related to anticipatory grief in terminally ill clients and families in home-based programmes in Kenyan communities. To establish the effectiveness of the strategies used, a systematic literature review was conducted through identification of relevant published articles in various databases including Clinical trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO, in addition to a hand search on relevant journals, dating from 2000 to 2020. To ensure quality of the findings, only articles and studies published in reputable journals and databases were included in the synthesis. The selection criteria focused on studies using qualitative methods or mixed methods so as to ensure consistency of study designs. The search identified 15 articles, which were assessed to establish quality for inclusion, after which 7 that met the criteria were included in the synthesis. All the included articles represented a population of 290 respondents drawn from various regions in Kenya, and focused on various themes, including communication, dignity therapy, spiritual care, and psychosocial support. The results from the reviewed articles indicated that communication, dignity therapy and general structured counselling as well as spiritual support were helpful in end-of-life care, thus establishing a level of effectiveness in addressing anticipatory grief in clients with terminal illnesses and their families. The study recommended that extensive training on grief counselling methods was required on communication proficiency of care providers. More research was recommended on effectiveness of other interventions that were not evaluated in this review.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 429-436\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Wanjiru Jane J. Mugai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nChuka University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agom, D., Ominyi, J., Onyeka, T., &amp;Anyigor, C. (2020). Exploring Organizational Culture Regarding Provision and Utilization of Palliative Care in a Nigerian Context: An Interpretive Descriptive Study. Indian journal of palliative care, 26(3), 358\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_39_20\r\n[2] Al-Gamal, E. (2013). Quality of life and anticipatory grieving among parents livingwith a child with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Nursing Practice,19(3), 288\u2013294.doi: 10.1111=ijn.12075\r\n[3] Ashford, J. &amp;LeCroy, C. (2013). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective. Belmont, California: Brooks\/Cole.\r\n[4] Back A., Arnold, R., &amp;Tulsky, J. (2010). Mastering Communication with Seriously Ill Patients: Balancing Honesty with Empathy and Hope. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010.\r\n[5] BLeclerc, B., Blanchard, L., Cantinotti, M., Couturier, Y., Gervais, D., Lessard, &amp; S. Mongeau, S. (2018). The effectiveness of interdisciplinary teams in end-of-life palliative care: A systematic review of comparative studies Journal of Palliative Care Volume 30 Issue 1 pages 44-54 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/082585971403000107\r\n[6] Bregman L. K\u00fcbler-Ross (2019). The Re-visioning of Death as Loss: Religious Appropriation and Responses. J Pastoral Care Counsel. 73(1):4-8. [PubMed]\r\n[7] Burke, L., Clark, L., Ali, K, Gibson, B. Smigelsky, M &amp;Neimeyer, R. (2015). Risk Factors for Anticipatory Grief in Family Members of Terminally Ill Veterans Receiving Palliative Care Services, Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life and Palliative Care, 11:3-4, 244-266, DOI: 10.1080\/15524256.2015.1110071\r\n[8] Daem, M., Verbrugghe, M., Schrauwen, W., Leroux, S., Hecke, A. &amp;Grypdonck, M. (2018). How Interdisciplinary Teamwork Contributes to Psychosocial Cancer Support. Cancer Nursing. 42. 1. 10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000588\r\n[9] D&#8217;Antonio, J. (2014). Caregiver grief and anticipatory mourning. J Hosp PalliatNurs. 2014; 16(2): 99-104.\r\n[10] Department of Human Services (2008). Health independence programs guidelines, State Government, Melbourne.\r\n[11] Eldrige, L. (2019). How anticipatory grief differs from grief after death. Very Well Health. https:\/\/www.verywellhealth.com\/understanding-anticipatory-grief-and-symptoms-2248855\r\n[12] Fowler, N., Hansen, A., Barnato, A. &amp; Garand, L. (2013). Association between anticipatory grief and problem solving among family caregivers of persons with cognitive impairment. Journal of aging and health, 25(3), 493\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898264313477133\r\n[13] Garand, L., Lingler, J., Deardorf, K., DeKosky, S., Schulz, R., Reynolds, C. (2012). Anticipatory grief in new family caregivers of persons with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 26(2), 159\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WAD.0b013e31822f9051\r\n[14] Githaiga, J., Swartz, L. (2017). Socio-cultural contexts of end- of- life conversations and decisions: bereaved family cancer caregivers\u2019 retrospective co-constructions. BMC Palliat Care16, 40 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-017-0222-z\r\n[15] Goldsmith, J., Wittenberg-Lyles, E., Rodriguez, D., &amp; Sanchez-Reilly, S. (2010). Interdisciplinary geriatric and palliative care team narratives: collaboration practices and barriers. Qualitative health research, 20(1), 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732309355287\r\n[16] Grant, L., Brown, J., Leng, M., Bettega, N., &amp; Murray, S. (2011). Palliative care making a difference in rural Uganda, Kenya and Malawi: three rapid evaluation field studies. BMC palliative care, 10, 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-684X-10-8\r\n[17] Gysels, M., Pell, C. &amp; Straus, L. (2011). End of life care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the qualitative literature. BMC Palliat Care10, 6 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-684X-10-6\r\n[18] Hottensen, D. (2010). Anticipatory grief in patients with cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 14(1): 106-107\r\n[19] Hultman, T., Keene R, &amp; Dahlin, C. (2008). Improving psychological and psychiatric aspects of palliative care: The national consensus project and the national quality forum preferred practices for palliative and hospice care. OMEGA, 57(4), 323-339. doi: 10.2190\/OM.57.4.a\r\n[20] Johnson, J., Lodhi, M., Cheema, U., Stifter, J., Dunn-Lopez, K. Yao, Y., Johnson, A., Keenan, G., Ansari, R., Khokhar, A. &amp;Wilkie, D. (2017). Outcomes for end-of-life patients with anticipatory grieving, Journal of Hospice &amp; Palliative Nursing: June 2017 &#8211; Volume 19 &#8211; Issue 3 &#8211; p 223-231 https:\/\/doi:10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000333\r\n[21] Judith A. (2011). The Interdisciplinary Team, Palliative Care (Second Edition), Pages 540-551, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1619-1.00038-X\r\n[22] Klunder, K. (2011). The complex maze called hospice social work. Denver, Colorado: Outskirts Press, Inc.\r\n[23] K\u00fcbler-Ross, E., Kessler, D. (2005). On grief and grieving: Finding the meaning of grief through the five stages of loss. New York, NY: Scribner. Google Scholar\r\n[24] Lichtenthal, W., Clark, M. &amp;Prigerson, H. (2011). Bereavement care in Mellar P. Davis, P., Feyer, P., Camilla Z., Supportive Oncology, Pages 624-634 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1015-1.00059-X\r\n[25] Mai, S., Goebel, S., &amp;Jentschke, E. (2018). Feasibility, acceptability and adaption of dignity therapy: a mixed methods study achieving 360 feedback. BMC Palliat Care17, 73 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-018-0326-0\r\n[26] Mart\u00ednez, M., Arantzamendi, M., Belar, A., Carrasco, J., Carvajal, A., Rull\u00e1n, M., &amp; Centeno, C. (2017). &#8216;Dignity therapy&#8217;, a promising intervention in palliative care: A comprehensive systematic literature review. Palliative medicine, 31(6), 492\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269216316665562\r\n[27] Metcalf, J. (2013). Hospice Social Work Methods and Interventions for Terminally Ill Patients Experiencing Anticipatory Grief. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https:\/\/sophia.stkate.edu\/msw_papers\/232\r\n[28] Muhammed, S. (2020). Psychosocial Needs of Bereaved Spouses in Nigeria: Implications for Grief Counselling Intervention. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth \/ Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse. 12. 78-97. 10.29173\/cjfy29551.\r\n[29] Mystakidou, K., Parpa, E., Tsilika, E., Athanasouli, P., Pathiaki, M., Galanos, A., Pagoropoulou, A., &amp; Vlahos, L. (2008). Preparatory grief, psychological distress and hopelessness in advanced cancer patients. European journal of cancer care, 17(2), 145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2007.00825.x\r\n[30] NHS (2013). Optimising the role and value of the interdisciplinary team: providing person-centred end of life care. National End of Life Care Programme, Leeds (UK): Retrieved from: http:\/\/capcsd.org\/interpro-fessional\/EoLC.pdfGoogle Scholar\r\n[31] Nnadi, D. (September 4th 2019). Palliative Care: The Nigerian Perspective, Palliative Care, MukadderMollao\u011flu, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772\/intechopen.85235. Available from: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/palliative-care\/palliative-care-the-nigerian-perspective\r\n[32] O&#8217;Connor, M., Fisher, C., &amp; Guilfoyle, A. (2006). Interdisciplinary teams in palliative care: a critical reflection. International journal of palliative nursing, 12(3), 132\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/ijpn.2006.12.3.20698\r\n[33] Schultz, C., Walker, R., Bessarab, D., McMillan, F., MacLeod, J., &amp; Marriott, R. (2014). Interdisciplinary care to enhance mental health and social and emotional wellbeing. In P. Dudgeon, H. Milroy, &amp; R. Walker (Eds.), Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 221-242). AUSMED Publications.\r\n[34] Selman, L., Higginson, I., Agupio, G., Dinat, N., Downing, J., Gwyther, L., Mashao, T., Mmoledi, K., Moll, A. &amp;Sebuyira L. (2009). Meeting information needs of patients with incurable progressive disease and their families in South Africa and Uganda: Multicentre qualitative study. British Medical Journal. 2009, 338: b1326-10.1136\/bmj.b1326.\r\n[35] Weru, J., Gatehi, M. &amp;Musibi, A. (2020). Randomized control trial of advanced cancer patients at a private hospital in Kenya and the impact of dignity therapy on quality of life. BMC Palliat Care19, 114 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-020-00614-0\r\n[36] Wittenberg-Lyles, E., Parker, D., Demiris, G. &amp;Regehr, K. (2010). Interdisciplinary collaboration in hospice team meetings. Journal of interprofessional care, 24(3), 264\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13561820903163421.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Wanjiru Jane J. Mugai &#8220;Interdisciplinary Team Strategies for Terminally Ill Clients and Families Experiencing anticipatory grief In Home-Based Care In Kenyan low-Income communities: A Systematic Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.429-436 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/429-436.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/429-436.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/interdisciplinary-team-strategies-for-terminally-ill-clients-and-families-experiencing-anticipatory-grief-in-home-based-care-in-kenyan-low-income-communities-a-systematic-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Interdisciplinary Team Strategies for Terminally Ill Clients and Families Experiencing anticipatory grief In Home-Based Care In Kenyan low-Income communities: A Systematic Review<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977cb4d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"977cb4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-977d0ab\" data-id=\"977d0ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977d1c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977d1c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977d262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977d262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977d702\" data-id=\"977d702\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977d814 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977d814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977d8b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977d8b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977da05\" data-id=\"977da05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977db0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977db0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977dbaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977dbaf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977dcf7\" data-id=\"977dcf7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977de04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977de04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977dea0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977dea0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977e00d\" data-id=\"977e00d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977e11b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977e11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Employees Motivation on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Emerging Economies in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Emmanuel Opeyemi Oladunni, Chukwuma Benjamin Agbaji, Umunnakwe Ishmael Agbo &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 437-444<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977e1bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977e1bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977e338\" data-id=\"977e338\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977e46b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"977e46b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Diminishing financial performance of insurance companies in recent years in Nigeria as a result of improper personnel management has done harm to financial system and provided shortfall in investors expectation in emerging economies. This study examined the effect of employees\u2019 motivation on financial performance of insurance companies in emerging economies in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the extent at which intrinsic and extrinsic motivation strategies affect financial performance of insurance companies. The employed mixed research design using both research survey and ex-post facto. The sample size was 175 which was derived from a targeted population of 313 employees of insurance companies in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Data for the study was collected using structured questionnaire, annual publications of the Nigerian Insurance Digest (NIA) and financial reports of insurance company for 12 years\u2019 period 2008-2019. Regression results revealed that intrinsic motivational strategies significantly affect financial performance of insurance companies while extrinsic motivational strategies have no statistical significant effect on financial performance of insurance companies in emerging economies in Nigeria. The findings supported the prediction of Herzberg two-factor and self-determination theories. The study recommended that decision makers of insurance companies should put effective and efficient strategies in place by using the right ways to motivate both management and non-management staff in order to achieve increased financial performance that significantly justify opportunities in emerging economies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 437-444\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Opeyemi Oladunni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Actuarial Science and Insurance, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwuma Benjamin Agbaji <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Insurance and Risk Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umunnakwe Ishmael Agbo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Insurance and Risk Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Review of Industrial Organization, 27(1), 73-102.\r\n[7]. Burca, A. M., &amp; Batrinca, G. (2014). The determinants of financial performance in the Romanian insurance market. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 4(1), 299-308.\r\n[8]. Choi, B. P. (2010). The U.S. property and liability insurance industry: Firm growth, size and age. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 13(2), 207-224.\r\n[9]. Deci E, and Ryan, R. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuit; human needs and the self determination of behavior. London: John Wiley &amp; Sons Limited.\r\n[10]. Ekundayo, A.O. (2018). Impact of motivation on employee performance in selected insurance companies in Nigeria. International Journal of African Development, 5(1), 31-42.\r\n[11]. Ghafoor, M. M. (2015). Organizational Effectiveness. A case study of Telecommunication and Banking Sector of Pakistan. East Journal of Psychology and Business, 2(1), 132-140\r\n[12]. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., &amp; Snyderman, B.B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[13]. Husam, A., Faiz, S. &amp; Dia, Z. (2017). The impact of employee motivation on organizational commitment. European Journal of Business and Management. 9(15), 137-145\r\n[14]. [Kimiru, V. W. (2012). Motivation and satisfaction as functions of perceptions of reward: a case study of employees of Kenya revenue authority (Doctoral dissertation).\r\n[15]. Kramaric, T. P, Miletic, M. &amp; Pavic, I. (2017). Profitability determinants of insurance markets in selected central and eastern European countries. International Journal of Economic Sciences,1(2), 100-123.\r\n[16]. Kreitner R. (1995). Management theory-6th Edition, Boston Houghton Mifflin.\r\n[17]. Mehari, D. &amp; Aemiro, T. (2013). Firm specific factors that determine insurance companies\u2019 performance in Ethiopia. European Scientific Journal, 9, 245\u2013255.\r\n[18]. Mugenda, O.M. &amp; Mugenda, A.G. (2003) Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: African Centre for Technology Studies.\r\n[19]. Nigeria Insurance Industry Digests, 2008-2019.\r\n[20]. National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) published balance sheets of insurance companies in Nigeria, 2008-2019.\r\n[21]. Obikeze, C. O. (2016). Effects of motivation on salesforce performance in Guinness Nigeria plc and mobile telecommunication network in South-East, Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation).\r\n[22]. Ollukkaran, B. A., &amp; Gunaseelan, R. (2012). A study on the impact of work environment on employee performance. Namex International Journal of Management Research, 2, 70-85.\r\n[23]. Ovidiu-Iliuta D (2013). Employee motivation and organizational performance. Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research. 5(1):53-60.\r\n[24]. Rothberg, G. (2005). The Role of idea in the managers\u2019 workplace: Theory and Practice. Pakistan Review. 42(4), 48-73.\r\n[25]. Shilpa, R., Ali, A. A., Sathyanarayana, N., &amp; Rani, R. A. (2013). Impact of Job Enrichment Practices towards Employee Satisfaction at HDFC Standard Life Insurance. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 114-122.\r\n[26]. Ssekakubo, J., Bwire M. C, Lwanga, F. &amp; Ndiwalana, G. (2014). Employee Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Performance in Uganda\u2019s Oil Sub-sector. Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(7), 315-324.\r\n[27]. Vijay, M. V., &amp; Indradevi, R. (2015). A Study on Job Enrichment and Individual Performance among Faculties with Special Reference to a Private University. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 252-564\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emmanuel Opeyemi Oladunni, Chukwuma Benjamin Agbaji, Umunnakwe Ishmael Agbo &#8220;Effect of Employees Motivation on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Emerging Economies in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.437-444 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/437-444.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-employees-motivation-on-financial-performance-of-insurance-companies-in-emerging-economies-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Employees Motivation on Financial Performance of Insurance Companies in Emerging Economies in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977f245 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977f63c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977f796\" data-id=\"977f796\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977f89b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977f89b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977f93f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977f93f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977fa92\" data-id=\"977fa92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977fb98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977fb98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977fc33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977fc33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-977fd85\" data-id=\"977fd85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-977fe97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"977fe97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-977ff31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"977ff31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978006f\" data-id=\"978006f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978017c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978017c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9780214 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9780214\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9780358\" data-id=\"9780358\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978045f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978045f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9780501 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9780501\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9780674\" data-id=\"9780674\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9780783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9780783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Internal Control and Accountability of Credit Cooperatives<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Jessa Q. Beloy &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 445-452<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9780821 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9780821\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97809a3\" data-id=\"97809a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9780ae1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9780ae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to guide not only credit cooperatives but all financial institutions in improving accountability by establishing and implementing an effective and well-organized system of internal control. This study determined which domain of internal control best influenced the accountability of credit cooperatives in Panabo City. It applied the quantitative, non-experimental research design utilizing correlational technique, with 108 employees of credit cooperatives as the respondents selected through total population sampling. The researcher adapted and modified questionnaires to measure internal control and accountability. The Mean, Pearson r, and Regression Analysis were used as statistical treatments. Results revealed that the level of internal control of credit cooperatives was very high across all indicators. Similarly, the study revealed a very high level of accountability among credit cooperatives as perceived by the employees. Based on the findings of the study, it showed that internal control is significantly correlated to the accountability of credit cooperatives, with a p-value less than the level of significance. The overall result disclosed that internal control has significant influence on the accountability of credit cooperatives. Control activities was the domain of internal control that best predicts accountability of credit cooperatives.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 445-452\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5624<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jessa Q. Beloy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdirisaq, I. M., &amp; Yassin S.A. (2014). Assessing the financial accountability of the Somali Federal Government organisations. Public Pol. Adm. Res. 4(3):61-66\r\n[2] Abiola, J. (2013). The impact of information and communication technology on internal controls prevention and detection of fraud (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). De Montfort University, England.\r\n[3] Ayyash, M. Y. (2017). 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An investigation of the relationship between the internal controls and financial performance of alexander Forbes financial services of (EA) limited (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis). University of Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[30] Noorvee, L. (2006). Evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis). University of Tartu, Estonia.\r\n[31] Ntongo, V. (2012). Internal controls, financial accountability and service delivery in private health providers of Kampala district (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis). Makerere University, Uganda.\r\n[32] Palfi, C., &amp; Bota-Avram, C. (2009). Information and communication in banks &#8211; key elements of the internal control system \u2013 an empirical analysis between Romanian, American and Canadian models of control. Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, 3(1), 1091-1096, May 2009.\r\n[33] Poto, M. P., &amp; Fornabaio, L. (2017). Participation as the essence of good governance: some general reflections and a case study on the Arctic Council. Arctic Review on Law and Politics,8(0). doi:10.23865\/arctic.v8.714\r\n[34] Selaratana, S. (2009). Accountability in the Thai public sector (Published doctoral dissertation). University of Glasgow, Thailand. Retrieved from http:\/\/theses.gla.ac.uk\/1280\/\r\n[35] Steinhoff, J. C. (2005). Effective internal control is key to accountability. United States Government Accountability Office. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-05-321T\r\n[36] Vollbehr, L. (2014). Implementing the monitoring activities component of the coso framework (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis). Aalto University School of Business, Finland.\r\n[37] , Yurniwati &amp; Rizaldi, Afdhal. (2015). Control Environment Analysis at Government Internal Control System: Indonesia Case. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences. 211. 844-850. 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.11.111.\r\n[38] Zvavahera, P., &amp; Ndoda, G. R. (2014). Corporate governance and ethical behaviour: The case of the Zimbabwe broadcasting corporation. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 9.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jessa Q. Beloy &#8220;Internal Control and Accountability of Credit Cooperatives&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.445-452 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5624<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/445-452.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" 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Cooperatives<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97818b9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97818b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9781fb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9781fb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97820fe\" data-id=\"97820fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978220d elementor-widget 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97827e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97827e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978287a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978287a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97829c9\" data-id=\"97829c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9782acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9782acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9782b66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9782b66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9782cc7\" data-id=\"9782cc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9782dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9782dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Project Monitoring Activities of Microcredit Agency on SMEs performance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Imisi, Ilesanmi John, Prof. Akinloye Lawal, Dr. Ayedun Taiwo &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 453-461<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9782e71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9782e71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9782ffa\" data-id=\"9782ffa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9783139 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9783139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Most Governments of developing countries have turned to setting up microcredit programs to give both financial and non-financial support to SMEs. However, weak project monitoring capacity of Microcredits institutions has continued to lead to poor loan utilisation, increases the risk of diversion of loans and ultimately high level of non-performing loans. This study seeks to assess the effect of project monitoring activities of the Ondo State Microcredit Agency on the performance of SMEs in the State. The study adopted Survey Research Design as primary data were used for the purpose of the study. This research work identifies and presents the project monitoring operations of Ondo State Microcredit Agency (OSMA) and their effects on the performance of SMEs. From a total population of 745 beneficiaries, 261 beneficiaries were selected based on Yamane sample size formula and they were retrieved from the list of all the beneficiaries in each SME category obtained from the agency. The research instrument adopted for collecting data from the respondents was a pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Questions were on a 5-point Likert scale, and multiple-choice type questions. Analysis of the results obtained were done using descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling(PLS_SEM) was employed to test the hypothesis. The models specified by this study are significant at 5%. The results showed that two (control measure and fund utilisation) sub- constructs of project monitoring were significant while the other two (Business\/Site visitation\r\nand Loan monitoring) were not statistically significant. The results of regression analysis further revealed that project management activities (\u03b2= 0.358, R 2 = 0.259, f 2 = 0.172, T = 5.942 and P 0.05) is significant to the performance of SMEs in the state, hence the null Hypothesis (H 01 ) which states that there is no significant effect of project monitoring activities of Ondo State Microcredit Agency on the performance of SMEs in the state is rejected. The study concluded\r\nthat monitoring of the loan beneficiaries ventures along the \u201ccontrol measure\u201d and \u201cfund utilisation\u201d sub-constructs are relevant and significant to SMEs performance and will aid loan repayment. Subsequently, project monitoring activities if well planned and executed will lead to better SMEs performance. Based on this, the study recommends the creation of a robust project\\loan monitoring systems as an essential part of the microcredit programme and also the\r\nestablishment of savings arm of OSMA to help improve regular contacts and interaction between the borrowers and the lender. However, adequate control measure is advised to combat compromise.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 453-461\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5625\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5625<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Imisi, Ilesanmi John<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Project Management, School of Logistics and Innovation Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prof. Akinloye Lawal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Logistics and Innovation Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Ayedun Taiwo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Entrepreneurship, School of Logistics and Innovation Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adedeji, S. 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Access to microcredit determinants and financial performance of small and medium retailing enterprises in Wajir county, Kenya. International Journal of Finance, 2(6), 103-136.\r\n[17] Matsiliza, N. S. (2018). The application of result-based monitoring and evalution to improve performance in small business. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(3), 1-9.\r\n[18] Metz, M. (2005). Monitoring Policy Impacts (mpi). The Role of MPI in Policy Formulation and Implementation. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docs\/up\/easypol\/382\/MPI_pol_form_impl_056EN.pdf\r\n[19] Muthoni, M. P. (2016). Assessing Institutional Characteristics on Microcredit default in Kenya: A Comparative Analysis of Microfinance Institutions and Financial Intermediaries. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(18).\r\n[20] Myslimi, G., &amp; Ka\u00e7ani, K. (2016). Impact of SMEs in economic growth in Albania. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(3), 151-151.\r\n[21] Nawai, N. &amp; Shariff, M. N. M. (2013). Loan Repayment Problems in Microfinance Programs that use Individual Lending Approach: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Transformative Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 93-99\r\n[22] Nawai, N. and Shariff, M.N.M. (2010). Determinants of Repayment Performance in Microcredit Programs: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Business &amp; Social Science, 1, 152-161\r\n[23] Ndiege, B.O, Lucas Mataba, Margret Msonganzila and Nzilano, K. L (2016). The link between financial performance and loan repayment management in Tanzanian SACCOS. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 10(4), pp. 89-97.\r\n[24] Nordmeyer, B. (2019). What Is the Difference Between a Microloan and Microcredit? Small Business &#8211; Chron.com. Retrieved on January 13, 2019 from http:\/\/smallbusiness.chron.com\/difference-between-microloan-microcredit-39307.html\r\n[25] OECD (2002), Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-Based Management. OECD Development Assistance Committee, Paris. available at: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dac\/2754804.pdf\r\n[26] OECD (2009), Implementation Guidelines on Evaluation and Capacity Building for the Local and Micro Regional Level in Hungary. A Guide to Evaluation of Local Development Strategies. OECD, Paris.\r\n[27] Ogunrinola, O. I., &amp; Alege, P. (2007). Micro-credit and micro-enterprise development: An analysis of some rural-based enterprises in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 49(1), 95-114.\r\n[28] Okubena, B. (2014). An evaluation of business skills and training needs within selected small manufacturing businesses in the Vanderbijlpark area of Gauteng Province, South Africa,. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3(1).\r\n[29] Olumide, C. A. (2010). The Relationship between Firm Experience and Growth in the Nigerian Food, Beverages and Tobacco Industry, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Ilorin.\r\n[30] Oyelana, A. A &amp; Adu, E. O (2015) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as a Means of Creating Employment and Poverty Reduction in Fort Beaufort, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, Journal of SocialSciences,45:1,8-15, DOI: 10.1080\/09718923.2015.11893481\r\n[31] Pollack, J. (2014). The impact of project management on SME productivity. Project Management Institute Research and Education Conference. Project Management Institute, Phoenix, AZ.\r\n[32] Rezakhani, P. (2012). Classifying key risk factors in construction projects.BuletinulInstitutului Politehnic din lasi. Sectia Constructii, Arhitectura, 58(2), 27.\r\n[33] Ruslan, R. A. H. M., Gan, C., Hu, B., &amp; Quang, N. T. T. (2020). ImpactofMicrocreditonSMEsPerformancein Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Economics, 19(1), 109-130.\r\n[34] Saleh, S.A., &amp;Ndubisi, O.N. (2006). An evaluation of SME development in Malaysia. International Review of Business Research Papers, 2(1), 1-14.\r\n[35] Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Becker, J. M., &amp; Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 27(3), 197-211.\r\n[36] Shafi, M; Liu, J. and Ren, W (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium-sized Enterprises operating in Pakistan. Research in Globalisation 2 (100018) http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resglo.2020.100018\r\n[37] Shapiro, S. P. (2005). Agency theory. Annual review of sociology, 31.\r\n[38] Vivel-B\u00faaa, M., Lado-Sestayob, R. and Otero-Gonz\u00e1lez, L (2019). Influence of firm characteristics and the environment on hotel survival across MSMES segments during the 2007\u20132015 period. Tourism management,75; 477-490\r\n[39] World Bank (2004), Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System. A Handbook for Development Practitioners. The World Bank Group, Washington, D.C.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Imisi, Ilesanmi John, Prof. Akinloye Lawal, Dr. Ayedun Taiwo &#8220;Assessment of Project Monitoring Activities of Microcredit Agency on SMEs performance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.453-461 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5625<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/453-461.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-project-monitoring-activities-of-microcredit-agency-on-smes-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Project Monitoring Activities of Microcredit Agency on SMEs performance<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9783f2a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9783f2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9784160\" data-id=\"9784160\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9784275 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9784275\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9784317 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9784317\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9784460\" data-id=\"9784460\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9784573 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9784573\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978460c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978460c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9784763\" data-id=\"9784763\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9784867 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9784867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978490c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978490c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9784a54\" data-id=\"9784a54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9784b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9784b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9784bfe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9784bfe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9784d5f\" data-id=\"9784d5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9784e63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9784e63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9784f06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9784f06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9785051\" data-id=\"9785051\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9785167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9785167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9785201 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9785201\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978536d\" data-id=\"978536d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978547d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978547d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Return on Assets of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies Listed In Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ezenwa, Anthony C., Ogbebor, Peter I., Alalade, Yimka S. A.- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 462-470<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978551b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978551b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97856a8\" data-id=\"97856a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97857d8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97857d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The financial performance of consumer goods firms in Nigeria is constrained by a weak macroeconomic framework with persistent exchange rate volatility, multiple exchange rate windows and forex restrictions, and distortionary activities by the central bank. Thus, persistent exchange rate volatility exposes the companies to external risks because their projected revenue and costs, alongside profit margin and earnings per share, are affected. Hence this study examined the effect of exchange rate volatility on return on assets of consumer goods manufacturing companies listed in Nigeria between the periods of 2010 to 2019.\r\nThe study engaged an ex-post facto research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of fourteen (14) consumer goods firms from the listed firms. The study used panel data, panel regression models estimated was in respect to the fixed-effect model and random effect model, Hausman test indicated the appropriate model, while the exchange rate volatility (ERV) was computed using GARCH approach. The inferences were drawn at 1%, 5%, and 10%.\r\nThe findings of the study showed that exchange rate volatility was negative and had statistically significant effect on return on assets [coefficient = &#8211; 0.454; P \u2013 value = 0.013]. Firm\u2019s Size was found to be negative and had statistically significant effect on return on assets at 1% level [coefficient = &#8211; 0.057; P \u2013 value = 0.000]. Leverage had negative and statistically significant effect on return on assets [coefficient = &#8211; 0.089; P \u2013 value = 0.091].\r\nThe study concluded that exchange rate volatility has a significant influence on return on assets. The study recommended that the monetary authorities should employ various policies to steer the exchange rate downward. This will help boost local firm return on assets and at the same time increase firms&#8217; productivity.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 462-470\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5626\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5626<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezenwa, Anthony C. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Finance, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbebor, Peter I. (Ph.D.) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Finance, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alalade, Yimka S. A. (Ph.D) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Finance, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdul, A., &amp; Isiaka, T. (2015). Relationship between cost management and profitability: A study of selected manufacturing firms. International Journal of Management Sciences.\r\n[2] Adjei, E. (2019). Exchange rate volatility and economic growth in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 10(4), 1-14.\r\n[3] Agubata, S., &amp; Odubuasi, A. (2018). Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 4(4), 56-61.\r\n[4] Allayanis, A., Ihuing, I., &amp; Weston, C. (2016). Foreign currency derivative and firm value. Journal of Finance, 2(2), 56-75.\r\n[5] Amar, D. (2017). Impact of dividend on share pricing in commercial banks of Nepal. Banking Journal, 3(2), 21-55.\r\n[6] Ayinde, T. O. (2014). The impact of exchange rate volatility on manufacturing performance: New Evidence from Nigeria. Fountain Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 3(2), 83-92.\r\n[7] Ayobami, O. T. (2019). Exchange rate volatility and the performance of manufacturing sector in Nigeria (1981\u20132016). African Journal of Economic Review, 7(2), 27\u201340.\r\n[8] Babalola, A. (2014). Monetary policy and financial performance of manufacturing companies. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(3), 87-98.\r\n[9] Bajo-Rubio, O., Berke, B. &amp; McMillan, D. (2020). Exchange rate volatility in the Eurozone. The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 14 (5), 1\u201323.\r\n[10] Bidde, G., Hilary, G., &amp; Verdi, R. (2009). How financial reporting quality does relate to Investment Efficiency? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 4(8), 112-131.\r\n[11] Casu, B., Girardone, C., &amp; Molyneux, P. (2006). Introduction to Banking. England: Prentice Hall Press.\r\n[12] Cerra, V., &amp; Saxena, S. (2010). Contagion and domestic turmoil in Indonesia\u2019s currency crisis. Review of International Economics, 2(2), 87-98.\r\n[13] Darell, A., &amp; West, C. (2018). Philosophy of money and finance. Journal of Finance, 1(2), 76-96.\r\n[14] Ebiringa O. T., &amp; Anyaogu, C. C. (2014). 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International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(17), 1-16.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ezenwa, Anthony C., Ogbebor, Peter I., Alalade, Yimka S. A. &#8220;Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Return on Assets of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies Listed In Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.462-470 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5626<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/462-470.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-exchange-rate-volatility-on-return-on-assets-of-consumer-goods-manufacturing-companies-listed-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Return on Assets of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies Listed In Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97865b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97865b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97878b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97878b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9787950 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9787950\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9787ac6\" data-id=\"9787ac6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9787bda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9787bda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effects of Leveled Reading on Second Language Learners<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Aisha Ali Alowais, Robin Erric Ogdol- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 471-485<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9787c7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9787c7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9787e1a\" data-id=\"9787e1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9787f7e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9787f7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aimed to research the significance of using leveled texts in the improvement of second language learners\u2019 word recognition skills, accuracy, and fluency. The findings showed steady growth in word recognition abilities and improved automaticity. Results from running records exhibited a substantial increase in accuracy. Fluency assessments showcased a rise in fluency rate and fluency scores provided by three assessors. Implications from this study indicate the positive effects of reading at the frustration level. Therefore, it is encouraged to further explore the impact of providing challenging reading material.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 471-485\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5627<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aisha Ali Alowais<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBachelor in Primary Education, Higher Colleges of Technology, United Arab Emirates\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Robin Erric Ogdol <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDoctor of Philosophy in Education, Higher Colleges of Technology, United Arab Emirates\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adams, M. 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Journal of Prevention &amp; Intervention Community, 38(3), 183-197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10852352.2010.486297\r\n[61] Tripp, D. (1995). Action inquiry. In Action Inquiry.\r\n[62] Tripp, D. (2005). Action research: A methodological introduction. Educ. Pesqui, 31(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1517-97022005000300009\r\n[63] Turner, P., &amp; Turner, S. (2009). Triangulation in practice [Paper presentation]. 11th International Workshop on Presence. https:\/\/www.napier.ac.uk\/~\/media\/worktribe\/output-220012\/triangulationpdf.pdf\r\n[64] University of Oregon. (n.d.). Assessing fluency using DIBELS measures. University of Oregon. Retrieved September 14, 2020, from http:\/\/reading.uoregon.edu\/big_ideas\/flu\/flu_assess.php\r\n[65] Warner-Griffin, C., Liu, H., Tadler, C., Herget, D., Dalton, B., &amp; Thompson, S. (2017, December). Reading achievement of U.S. fourth-grade students in an international context. The National Center for Education Statistics. https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/pubs2018\/2018017.pdf\r\n[66] Zrna, J. (2012, October). Why use levelled texts [White paper]. capstonepub. Retrieved February 7, 2020, from https:\/\/www.capstonepub.com\/classroom\/sites\/PDFs\/engage-literacy\/Engage-Literacy_white-paper.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aisha Ali Alowais, Robin Erric Ogdol &#8220;The Effects of Leveled Reading on Second Language Learners&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.471-485 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5627<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/471-485.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effects-of-leveled-reading-on-second-language-learners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Effects of Leveled Reading on Second Language Learners<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9788e1f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9788e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97893b0\" data-id=\"97893b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97894c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97894c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978956b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978956b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97896c0\" data-id=\"97896c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97897d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97897d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9789877 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9789877\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97899c7\" data-id=\"97899c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9789aed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9789aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9789b8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9789b8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9789ce2\" data-id=\"9789ce2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9789de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9789de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9789e81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9789e81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9789fcb\" data-id=\"9789fcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978a0dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978a0dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978a176 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978a176\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978a2e5\" data-id=\"978a2e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978a3ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978a3ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on the Job Satisfaction of Teachers: A Case of Kalulushi District on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Edgar P.C Mwansa, Prof. Sumbye Kapena &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 486-488<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978a488 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978a488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978a5ff\" data-id=\"978a5ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978a72a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"978a72a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study explored the influence of HR practices on the job satisfaction of teachers in the Kalulushi District in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. In this cross-sectional study, four dimensions of HR practice namely: Appraisal, Training, Compensation and Planning were used with a total of 100 respondents. The objectives of the study were answered using correlation and regression analysis, and results were also presented using descriptive statistics. All the four dimensions of HR practices were positively related to job satisfaction, with training and development showing the strongest contribution to job satisfaction. Suggestions are made for further research on ways to increase job satisfaction among the employees<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 486-488\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5628<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edgar P.C Mwansa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business and Management Studies, School of Graduate Studies, Copperbelt University, Kitwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Sumbye Kapena<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Humanities, Copperbelt University, Kitwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ahmad, S., &amp; Schroeder, R. G. (2003). The impact of human resource management practices on operational performance: recognizing country and industry differences, Journal of operations management, 21: 19-43.\r\n[2] Altarawmneh, I. &amp; Al-Kilani, M. H. (2010). Human resource management and turnover intentions in the Jordanian Hotel Sector. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 18(1), 46-59.\r\n[3] Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The relationship between training and organizational commitment: A study in the health care field. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(4),335\u2013352.\r\n[4] Chand, M. &amp; Katou, A. (2007).The impact of HRM practices on organizational performance in the Indian hotel industry, Employee Relations, Vol.29, No.6, pp.576-594.\r\n[5] Dessler, G. (2007).Human resource management, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.\r\n[6] Petrescu, A. I. &amp;Simmons, R. (2008). Human resource management practices and workers&#8217; job satisfaction, Int. J. Manpower. 29(7) 651-667.\r\n[7] Ting, Y. (1997). Determinants of job satisfaction of federal government employees. Public Personnel Management, 26(3), 313-334.\r\n[8] Tzafrir, S. (2005).The relationship between trust HRM practices and firm performance.International Journal of HRM, 16(9), 1600-1622.\r\n[9] Ubom, I. U. &amp; Joshua, M. T. (2004). Needs Satisfaction Variables as Predictors of Job Satisfaction of Employees: Implication for Guidance and Counseling. EducationalResearch Journal, 4(3).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Edgar P.C Mwansa, Prof. Sumbye Kapena &#8220;The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on the Job Satisfaction of Teachers: A Case of Kalulushi District on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.486-488 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5628<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/486-488.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-human-resource-management-practices-on-the-job-satisfaction-of-teachers-a-case-of-kalulushi-district-on-the-copperbelt-province-of-zambia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on the Job Satisfaction of Teachers: A Case of Kalulushi District on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978b4c6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"978b4c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978b590 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978b590\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978b710\" data-id=\"978b710\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978b834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978b834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978b8d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978b8d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978ba2d\" data-id=\"978ba2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978bb3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978bb3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978bbd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978bbd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978bd2a\" data-id=\"978bd2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978be3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978be3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978bed8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978bed8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978c020\" data-id=\"978c020\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978c129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978c129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978c1d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978c1d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978c316\" data-id=\"978c316\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978c423 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978c423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978c4bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978c4bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978c608\" data-id=\"978c608\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978c70b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978c70b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978c7a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978c7a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978c90a\" data-id=\"978c90a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978ca3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978ca3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Aims, Goals, Objectives and Tenets of Nigeria\u2019s Philosophy of Education<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Aloysius Ezeanolue1, Dr. Geoffrey Chidi Onyebuchi, Dr. Ezewuzie Jideofor, Anyaeji Adaora Vivian &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 484-494<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978cadc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978cadc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978cc54\" data-id=\"978cc54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978cd80 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"978cd80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper examines the aims, goals, objectives and tenets of Nigeria\u2019s philosophy of education. The connections between philosophy and education have been in evidence from earliest times. Philosophy and education are closely related. Education depends upon philosophy and philosophy depends upon education which is philosophy in action. All educational efforts need philosophy as a guide in the determination of their ends and means. Thus, philosophy serves as a light, source and influence for educational objectives. Philosophers have traditionally focused their critical attention on all aspects of the educational process. In a sense, this is only to be expected for it is impossible to investigate the phenomenon of human existence or ask questions about the best way for mankind to live without giving some considerations to topics concerned with the intellectual, aesthetic and moral development of individuals. More also, as education by nature is a process of change; philosophy gives a guide as it takes a long-term view of the future and what it obtains for both man and his society. The paper discusses the aims of Nigeria\u2019s philosophy of education which are clarifying important educational issues and problems, the goals of Nigeria\u2019s philosophy of education which are guiding the achievement of the Nigeria\u2019s educational objectives, the objectives of Nigeria\u2019s philosophy of education which are setting goals for Nigeria\u2019s education bearing in mind people\u2019s social needs and the tenets of Nigeria\u2019s philosophy of education which are based on the integration of the individual into a sound and effective citizen through equal educational opportunities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 484-494\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aloysius Ezeanolue<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Geoffrey Chidi Onyebuchi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ezewuzie Jideofor<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Federal college of Education Technical Umunze, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anyaeji Adaora Vivian<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEducational Management and Policy, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akinpelu, J. A. (1981) An Introduction to Philosophy of Education. Ibadan: Macmillan.\r\n[2] Bamisaiye, R. (1989) A practical Approach to Philosophy of Education. Ibadan: AMD Publishers.\r\n[3] Denga, D. (1986) An introduction to foundations of education. Calabar: Advanced publishers.\r\n[4] Federal government of Nigeria (1981) National policy on education. Lagos: NERC publishers.\r\n[5] Okeke, C. C. (2003) Philosophy of education: Concepts, Analysis and applications. Owerri: Design prints and publishers.\r\n[6] Sharma, A. P. and Hyland, J. T. (1991) philosophy of Education for Nigeria Ibadan: Gbabeks publishers.\r\n[7] Ujowundu, C. O. (2008) A handbook on Philosophy of Education. Onitsha: Eagleman books.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aloysius Ezeanolue1, Dr. Geoffrey Chidi Onyebuchi, Dr. Ezewuzie Jideofor, Anyaeji Adaora Vivian &#8220;Aims, Goals, Objectives and Tenets of Nigeria\u2019s Philosophy of Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.484-494 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/484-494.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/484-494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/aims-goals-objectives-and-tenets-of-nigerias-philosophy-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Aims, Goals, Objectives and Tenets of Nigeria\u2019s Philosophy of Education<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978db19 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"978db19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978dbec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978dbec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978dd60\" data-id=\"978dd60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978de73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978de73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978df0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978df0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978e060\" data-id=\"978e060\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978e16f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978e16f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978e20a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978e20a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978e35c\" data-id=\"978e35c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978e45f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978e45f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978e4fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978e4fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978e64c\" data-id=\"978e64c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978e75a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978e75a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978e7f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978e7f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978e93a\" data-id=\"978e93a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978ea3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978ea3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978ead6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978ead6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978ec23\" data-id=\"978ec23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978ed2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978ed2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978edc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978edc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978ef38\" data-id=\"978ef38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978f04c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"978f04c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Commercial Motorcycle Operators in Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Adejoh Mathias, Uveryol Godwin Verkaa &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 495-500<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-978f0f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"978f0f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-978f261\" data-id=\"978f261\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-978f392 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"978f392\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated information needs and information seeking behaviour of commercial motorcycle operators in Benue State, Nigeria. Five objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprises of 38128 commercial motorcycle operators in Benue State. The sample size for the study was 396 commercial motorcycle operators who were selected using proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled \u201cInformation Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Commercial Motorcycle Operators\u2019 Questionnaire (INISBCMOQ) which was validated by experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha method and a reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained. The data collected for the study was analyzed using Frequency Counts and Percentages. The findings of the study revealed that, CMOs need information on how to own a motorcycle, prices of motorcycle, how to avoid accidents, more lucrative routes, safe routes, where to get best spare parts and traffics regulations among others. The findings also revealed the information sources of CMOs to include customers, consulting friends, listening to radio, watching and listening to television and visiting drinking joints\/ beer parlours. Further, the findings revealed the difficulties encountered by CMOs in the course of seeking for information to include: inability to read, inability to use library catalogue, irregular power supply, inability to access newspaper\/ magazines and lack of knowledge of computer\/ internet use. The study concluded that commercial motorcycle operators just like any other category of people have a variety of information needs, ranging from general information to specific information about their commercial activities. It was recommended that, public Libraries in Nigeria should as a matter of urgency, embark on an aggressive library awareness campaign so that everybody including commercial motorcycle operators could use library resources like the internet and published materials as their source for reliable information and libraries and information centres should also see everybody as a potential information user and as such package information services for the less educated populace such as commercial motorcycle operators in a language they will understand.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 495-500\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adejoh Mathias<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uveryol Godwin Verkaa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity Library, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Atedoro, N. (2004). Pattern of Information Provision and Needs among Commercial Motorcycle Operations in Selected Ijebu Towns, Ogun State. Owena: Journal of Library and Information Science, 1, (1) 109-119\r\n[2] Akanmode, V. (2001). The dark sides of Okada. Saturday Punch September 5, pp. 21-22.\r\n[3] Alao, T. (2003). \u201cOKADA\u201d Still a Threat to Survival in Lagos. The Guardian Monday, April 19, p.6.\r\n[4] Cervero, R. (2005). Introduction Transport in the Developing World. Retrieve Mar 20 2017 from http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/okada at 19:09.\r\n[5] Fatima, N. &amp; Ahamed, N. (2008) Information Seeking Behaviour of the Students at Ajmal Khan Tibbiya, Aligarh Muslim University: A Survey Annals of Library and Information Studies, (55)141-144\r\n[6] Okah, E. (2008). Rivers and the Okada Menace. Sunday Sun. January 27. P 15.\r\n[7] Nwagwu, W. N. &amp; Olatunji, O. (2012).Life Saving Information Behaviours of Commercial Motorcyclists in a Metropolitan City in Nigeria. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287453825_Life_Saving_Information_Behaviours_of_Commercial_Motorcyclists_in_a_Metropolitan_City_in_Nigeria.\r\n[8] Ozioko, R. E. (2007). Reproduction Health Information Needs of Rural Women in Enugu State. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[9] Sanusi L. S. (2003). Nigeria\u2019s Economic Development Aspirations and the Leadership Question: Is there a nexus? A Paper delivered at the 2nd General Dr. Yakubu Gowon Distinguished Annual Lecture October 19, 2003\r\n[10] Singh, K. P. &amp; Satija, M. P. (2006) A Review of Research on Information Seeking of Agricultural Scientists: International perspectives. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, 26(2), 25-36\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adejoh Mathias, Uveryol Godwin Verkaa &#8220;Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Commercial Motorcycle Operators in Benue State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.495-500 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/495-500.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/495-500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/information-needs-and-information-seeking-behaviour-of-commercial-motorcycle-operators-in-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Commercial Motorcycle Operators in Benue State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97902c7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97902c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9790395 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9790395\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979051d\" data-id=\"979051d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979063c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979063c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97906e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97906e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9790846\" data-id=\"9790846\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9790952 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9790952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97909ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97909ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9790b43\" data-id=\"9790b43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9790c53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9790c53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9790cef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9790cef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9790e3b\" data-id=\"9790e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9790f40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9790f40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9790fe1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9790fe1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9791125\" data-id=\"9791125\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979122e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979122e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97912c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97912c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9791418\" data-id=\"9791418\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979151e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979151e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97915b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97915b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979171a\" data-id=\"979171a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9791835 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9791835\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Collaborative and Individual Writing Strategies for EFL Writing Instruction: Outcomes and Perceptions<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ika Rama Suhandra, M. L. Manda, Ria Rosdiana Jubhari, Harlinah Sahib &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 501-509<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97918d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97918d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9791a46\" data-id=\"9791a46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9791b69 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9791b69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated 1) whether or not the collaborative writing strategy had a positive influence towards students\u2019 writing achievement than the students who wrote individually, and 2) the students\u2019 perceptions concerning the use of the collaborative writing strategy. The research was conducted by applying the mixed-method design. The subjects of the study were 64 students of Mataram State Islamic University which distributed randomly in two groups; experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the relevant research instruments such as: essay writing test and questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Two major findings emerged. First, it revealed that there was a difference of the experimental and control groups\u2019 mean scores of their post-test. The experimental group\u2019s mean score (M=7.14) (SD=0.57) was greater than that of control group\u2019s mean score (6.45) (SD=0.53). Seen from its independent sample test, it also unveiled that their sig. (2-tailed) (0.00) was lower than (0.05). This statistical evidence exhibited that there was a significant difference between the students who employed collaborative writing strategy than those who did not employ it. Second, all students\u2019 responses were positive towards the application of collaborative writing strategy as it increased students\u2019 motivation and confidence, reduced stress, gave new horizon on the way of how students to write, shared mutual feedback, gave a good attitude to respect each other, and knew others characters.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 501-509\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5629<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ika Rama Suhandra<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Cultural Studies, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M. L. Manda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Cultural Studies, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ria Rosdiana Jubhari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Cultural Studies, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harlinah Sahib<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Cultural Studies, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Colen, K. &amp;Petelin, R. (2004). Challenges in collaborative writing in the contemporary corporation. Corporate Communications: An International Journal. 9 (2), 136-145.\r\n[2] Conrad, R. (2009). Assessing collaborative learning. In P. L. Rogers, G. A. Berg, J. V. Boettecher, C. Howard, L. Justice, &amp; K. Schenk (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Second Edition 2nd ed., 89-93. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference.\r\n[3] Dobao, A., F. (2012). Collaborative writing tasks in the L2 classroom: Comparing group, pair, and individual work. Journal of second language writing. 21(1), 40-58.\r\n[4] Farkas, D. K. (1991). Collaborative writing, software development, and the universe of collaborative activity. In M. M. Lay &amp; W. M. Karis (Eds.), Collaborative writing in industry: Investigations in theory and practice (pp. 13-30). Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Co.\r\n[5] Gabriel, M. &amp;Leeuwen, C., A. (2007). Beginning to write with word processing: Integrating writing process and technology in a primary classroom. The reading teacher. 60 (5), 420-429.\r\n[6] Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. &amp;Airasian, P. W. (2006). Competencies for analysis and application, 10thed. New York: Pearson.\r\n[7] Hadjerrouit, S. (2011). A Collaborative Writing Approach to Wikis: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology. 8, 431-449.\r\n[8] Harmer, J. (2003). The practice of English language teaching. London: Longman.\r\n[9] Hasyim, M., Latjuba, A.Y., Akhmar, A.M., Kaharuddin, Saleh, N.J. (2021). Human-Robots And Google Translate: A Case Study Of Translation Accuracy In Translating French-Indonesian Culinary Texts. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12 (4), 1194- 1202.\r\n[10] Hasyim, M., Arafah, B., Fatimah, Saleh, F. (2021). Female Sexuality For Male: The Power Relation Of Women in The Intimacy Relationship Of The Partner On Tv Advertisements, A Semiotic Analysis. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(3), 79-87.\r\n[11] Hirvela, A. (1999). Collaborative writing instruction and communities of readers and writers. TESOL Journal, 8, 7-13\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ika Rama Suhandra, M. L. Manda, Ria Rosdiana Jubhari, Harlinah Sahib &#8220;Collaborative and Individual Writing Strategies for EFL Writing Instruction: Outcomes and Perceptions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.501-509 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5629<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/501-509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/collaborative-and-individual-writing-strategies-for-efl-writing-instruction-outcomes-and-perceptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Collaborative and Individual Writing Strategies for EFL Writing Instruction: Outcomes and Perceptions<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9792ace elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9792ace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9792ba7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9792ba7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9792d17\" data-id=\"9792d17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9792e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9792e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9792ede elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9792ede\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9793038\" data-id=\"9793038\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979314b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979314b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97931e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97931e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9793335\" data-id=\"9793335\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9793443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9793443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97934dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97934dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979362f\" data-id=\"979362f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979373b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979373b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97937d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97937d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9793921\" data-id=\"9793921\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9793a23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9793a23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9793abd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9793abd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9793c0c\" data-id=\"9793c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9793d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9793d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9793db5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9793db5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9793f28\" data-id=\"9793f28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979403b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979403b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Quasi Experimental Study on google classroom mediated peer assessmentof English subject at high school in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Hery Yufrizal, Tuntun Sinaga, Rini Putri Malinda &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 510-513<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97940d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97940d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9794247\" data-id=\"9794247\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9794375 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9794375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study reports a quasi experimental study on google classroom mediated peer assesment of English subject at High School in Indonesia.The study attemps to answer whether there is any significant difference in th students\u2019 performances in applying the tasks. The data were elicited through students\u2019 performances in three writing tasks. The students writing performances in three different learning tasks were compared based on the writing criteria. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference of the students\u2019 writing ability in three tasks of Google classroom mediated peer assessment. This result also showed that free topic was the highest score the students got in their writing.This suggests that Google Classroom mediated peer assessment facilitates the students to improve the capability of their writing skill.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 510-513\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hery Yufrizal<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tuntun Sinaga<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rini Putri Malinda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Lampung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Falchikov, N., and Goldfinch, J. (2000). Student Peer Assessment in Higher Education: AMeta-Analysis Comparing Peer and Teacher Marks. Review of Educational Research. Vol.70, No. 3 287-322.\r\n[2] Fauzan (2019) The Improvementiveness of Google Classroom Media on the Students\u2019 Learning Outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Department. Department of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.\r\n[3] Heaton, J.B. (1991). Writing English LanguageTest. New York: Longman\r\n[4] Iftakhar, S. (2016). Google Classroom: what works and how?.Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 3(1), 12-18.\r\n[5] Jahin, J. H. (2012). The Effect of Peer Reviewing on Writing Apprehension and Essay Writing Ability of Prospective EFL Teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education. Vol. 3, No. 11 60-84.\r\n[6] Kollar, I., &amp; Fischer, F. (2010). Peer assessment as collaborative learning: A cognitive perspective. Learning and Instruction, 20(4), 344-348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2009.08.005\r\n[7] Janzen, M. (2014). Hot Team: Google Classroom. Retrieved from tlt. psu. edu.\r\n[8] Min, H.T. (2006). The effect of trained peer review of EFL students` revision types and writing quality. Journal of Second Language Writing. Vol. 15. 118-141.\r\n[9] Peng, J.F. (2009). Peer assessment of oral presentation in an EFL context.Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Literacy, Culture, and Language Education Indiana University. Available at http:\/\/gradworks.umi.com\/3380148.pdf , accessed July 3, 2017\r\n[10] Rozak, A., &amp; Albantani, A. M. (2018). Desain Perkuliahan Bahasa Arab Melalui Google Classroom. Arabiyat\u202f: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban, 5(1), 83\u2013 102.\r\n[11] Viridi, et al. (2017). &#8220;Teacher Research to Prepare Generation Z in Indonesia.&#8221; SEAMEO QITEP in Science. Bandung: P4TK IPA. 1-2.\r\n[12] Zang, M. (2016). Teaching With Google Classroom. Birmingham: Packt\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hery Yufrizal, Tuntun Sinaga, Rini Putri Malinda &#8220;A Quasi Experimental Study on google classroom mediated peer assessmentof English subject at high school in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.510-513 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/510-513.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/510-513.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-quasi-experimental-study-on-google-classroom-mediated-peer-assessment-of-english-subject-at-high-school-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Quasi Experimental Study on google classroom mediated peer assessmentof English subject at high school in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9795282 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9795282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9795358 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9795358\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97954d7\" data-id=\"97954d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97955ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97955ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9795695 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9795695\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97957e6\" data-id=\"97957e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97958f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97958f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979598f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979598f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9795ada\" data-id=\"9795ada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9795bdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9795bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9795c7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9795c7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9795dca\" data-id=\"9795dca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9795eda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9795eda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9795f73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9795f73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97960bd\" data-id=\"97960bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97961c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97961c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979626e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979626e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97963b6\" data-id=\"97963b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97964cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97964cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9796567 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9796567\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97966d1\" data-id=\"97966d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97967db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97967db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Pragmatics Transfer on Compliment and Compliment Responses to English Learners at The Faculty of Adab and Humanities Uin Alauddin Makassar<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Nurasia Natsir, Lukman, Manda, Kamsinah- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 514-519<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9796883 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9796883\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9796a09\" data-id=\"9796a09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9796b3b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9796b3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to describe (1) the form of compliment strategies and compliment responses of English learners at the Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Alauddin Makassar, (2) the factors related to the pragmatics of the transfer of English learners at the Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Alauddin Makassar. The population in this study is all students of semester 6 of the Class of 2017 English Language and Literature Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN Alauddin Makassar, with a total of 70 respondents as a representative selected research sample, is considered as the representation of the entire research population. The data collection methods are conducted using DCT, interviews, and direct observations. The data obtained is analyzed with quantitative and qualitative techniques. Specifically, the quantitative data is processed with statistics using R analytics software, while the qualitative data is analyzed using pragmatic transfer analysis. The results showed that (1) The form of compliment strategy used by English learners at the UIN Alauddin Makassar faculty consists of 18 forms of compliment strategies and 13 forms of compliment response strategies, the most commonly used forms are surprise and congratulations strategies while the form of compliment response that is most often done is the appreciation and appreciation strategy receive compliments. (2) There are 3 factors related to the pragmatic transfer of English learners that affect the negative transfer that occurs when performing compliments speech acts and compliment responses, including sociopragmatic, pragmalinguistic and psychopragmatic factors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 514-519\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5630<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nurasia Natsir<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCultural sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lukman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCultural sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manda<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCultural sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kamsinah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCultural sciences Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Barker,Chris&amp;Dariusz Galasinski. (2001). Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.\r\n[2] Bachman,L.F.(1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[3] Briska,S.(2013).Apragmatic analysis of compliments in Hausa socialcontexts.Unpublisheddoctoraldissertation.Ahmadu Bello University. Nigeria\r\n[4] Brown, P &amp; Levinson ,S. (1987). Universals in Language usage: Politeness phenomena. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[5] Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to language pedagogy.InJ.Richards&amp;J.Schmitt (Eds.), language communication. London: Longman.\r\n[6] Enssaif,Z.A.(2005).Complimentbehavior:Strategies and realizations in English and Arabic. Unpublished Master&#8217;s dissertation. King Saud University. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.\r\n[7] Golato, A. (2003). Studying Compliment responses; A comparison of DCTs and recording of naturally accuring talk. Applied linguistic, 24 (1), 9-121.\r\n[8] Hasyim, M., Latjuba, A.Y., Akhmar, A.M., Kaharuddin, Saleh, N.J. (2021). Human-Robots And Google Translate: A Case Study Of Translation Accuracy In Translating French-Indonesian Culinary Texts. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12 (4), 1194- 1202.\r\n[9] Hasyim, M., Arafah, B., Fatimah, Saleh, F. (2021). Female Sexuality For Male: The Power Relation Of Womenin The Intimacy Relationship Of The Partner On Tv Advertisements, A Semiotic Analysis. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32 (3), 79-87.\r\n[10] Herbert, R. K. (1989). The Ethnography of English compliment and complimentresponses:AConstructivesketch. Contrastive Pragmatics, ed. By W. Oleksy, 3-36. Amsterdam: Jhon Benjamins Publishing Company.\r\n[11] Hymes,D. (1972). On communicative competence. In J.B. Pride and J. Holmes (Eds.). Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books.\r\n[12] Holmes, J. (1989). Compliment and Compliments Responses in New Zealand English. Anthropological Linguistic. 28, 485-508.\r\n[13] Holmes, J. (1988). Paying Compliments; A sex \u2013preferential positive politeness strategy. Journal of pragmatics, 12, 445-465.\r\n[14] Katsuta Hiroko. (2012). The role of Compliment Topics in Compliment Response, Portland StateUniversity.\r\n[15] Lado,R. (1957). Linguistics across culture. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.\r\n[16] Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman.\r\n[17] Levinson, S.1 983 Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[18] Mustar, A.S., Latjuba, A.Y., Hasyim, M. (2021). Pesan Dan Makna Karikatur Brexit Patric Chappatt\u00e9. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 9 (1), 165-176.\r\n[19] Patmawati, P., Nurhayati, N., Latjuba, A.Y. (2020). Internalisasi Aplikasi Mind Map Pada Media Pembelajaran Guru Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Siswa Dalam Memproduksi Teks Prosedur. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 8 (2), 302-312\r\n[20] Pomerantz, A. (1978). Compliment responses: Notes on the co-operation of multiple constraints.In J,Schenkein (Eds.), Studies in Organization of Conversational Interaction, 79-112, New York: Academic Press.\r\n[21] Saleh, F., Lukman, Rahman, F., Hasyim, M. (2021). Metaphor in the Bugis Language Expression of the Sidenreng Dialectin South Sulawesi. International Journal of Arts and Social Science, 4 (1), 312-318.\r\n[22] Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Peneitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&amp;D. CV.ALFABETA. Bandung.\r\n[23] Rizk, S. 2003. Why say NO! when you refuse? TESOL Arabia 2002 Conference Proceedings, 7, 401-431.\r\n[24] Thomas, J.(1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4, 91-112.\r\n[25] Wolfson, N. (1981). Compliments in cross-culture perpective. TESOL Quarterly, 15 (2), 117-124.\r\n[26] Yu,M-c.\uff082005\uff09SocialinguisticCompetenceinThe Complimenting Act of Native Chinese and American English Speakers.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nurasia Natsir, Lukman, Manda, Kamsinah &#8220;Pragmatics Transfer on Compliment and Compliment Responses to English Learners at The Faculty of Adab and Humanities Uin Alauddin Makassar&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.514-519 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5630<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/514-519.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/pragmatics-transfer-on-compliment-and-compliment-responses-to-english-learners-at-the-faculty-of-adab-and-humanities-uin-alauddin-makassar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Pragmatics Transfer on Compliment and Compliment Responses to English Learners at The Faculty of Adab and Humanities Uin Alauddin Makassar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9797c3a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9797c3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97988e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97988e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979898a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979898a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9798ad9\" data-id=\"9798ad9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9798bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9798bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9798c87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9798c87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9798dd0\" data-id=\"9798dd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9798ed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9798ed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9798f75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9798f75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97990db\" data-id=\"97990db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97991ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97991ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Students \u2018Business Venturing in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu, Obisanma, Olatunde. A, Kuromiema, Minabere. I, Potopregha Maurice, Obatola, A. Toyin- June 2021 Page No.: 520-525<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9799285 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9799285\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97993f3\" data-id=\"97993f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9799526 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9799526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Entrepreneurship education is considered a vital tool in empowering graduate for self-reliance in creating job opportunity in the economy given the rate of graduate unemployment in the country. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education on student\u2019s business venturing. The study used a well structured questionnaire to obtain data from 315 respondents from different tertiary institution in the country. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was utilized for data analysis. Findings from the study disclosed that Entrepreneurship education have been found to have a significant positive influence on students\u2019 intention to venture into business. Thus, that effective entrepreneurship education which is student oriented and which give room for students to practice and start little businesses while in school, has the capacity to arouse and increase students \u2018career considerations into entrepreneurship after graduation. It was recommended among others that there should be a strong partnership between the government and private bodies on student\u2019s attachment to firms for both mentorship and guidance especially after graduation so as to encourage and motivate them to develop businesses.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 520-525\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Department of Petroleum Marketing and Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Obisanma, Olatunde. A<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatius Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kuromiema, Minabere. I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatius Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Potopregha Maurice<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of management, Ignatius Ajuru university of Education Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obatola, A. Toyin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTechnologist, Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Bonny, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Akpomi, M. E.(2009). Achieving Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) Through Teaching Entrepreneurship Education In Nigeria Higher Education Institutions (Heis). European Journal Of Social Science, 8(1):154\u2013157.\r\n[2] Agu, C.N. (2006). Pedagogy Of Entrepreneurship In A Contemporary Society. The Enterprise International Research Journal for Development, 8(1):18\u201332.\r\n[3] Ejere, E. S. I., &amp; Tende, S. B. A. (2012). Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation. In E.Chuta (Ed.). Small Enterprises and Entrepreneurship Development Dakar: Amalion Publishing. ISBN: 9782359260144.\r\n[4] Erwart, E.A. (2012). Higher Education and Youth Empowerment for Socioeconomic Development in Nigeria. Paper Presented at the 10th Anniversary Conference of Herpnet, Held At University Of Ibadan.\r\n[5] Esene, R.A. (2014). The Teaching of Entrepreneurship Development Education in Nigerian Tertiary Educational Institutions: The Modern Approach. Ozoro Poly News -A Quarterly Magazine of Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, 1: 19 \u2013 25\r\n[6] Fayolle, A., &amp; Gailly, B. (2004) .Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to assess Entrepreneurship Teaching Program: A First Experimentation. Paper presented at 14th Annual International Entrepreneurship Conference, University of Napoli federicoii, Italy.\r\n[7] Fretschner, Michael, &amp; Susanne Weber. (2013). Measuring and understanding the effects of entrepreneurial awareness education. Journal of Small Business Management 51 (3), 410-428. doi:10.1111\/jsbm.12019\r\n[8] Bassey, U. U., &amp; Archibong, I. A. (2005). Assuring Quality Graduate Output Through Entrepreneurial Oriented Education in Nigerian Universities. Nigerian Journal of Curriculum Studies, 12(3): 18-23.\r\n[9] Brown, P. B. (2012). Why everyone will have to become an Entrepreneur (Crowd SourcedVersion).Retrievedfromhttp:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/actiontrumps everything\/2012\/11\/03\/why-everyone-will-have-to-become-an-entrepreneur-crowd-sourced-version\/\r\n[10] Gelard,P.,&amp; Saleh, K. E. (2011). Influence of Some Contextual Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students African Journal of Business Management, 5(26) :10707-10717.\r\n[11] Izquierdo, E., &amp; Buelens, M. (2008).Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Influence of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Attitudes. Paper presented at Internationalizing Entrepreneurship Education and Training, intent 2008 Conference, Oxford, Ohio, USA.\r\n[12] Kim, S.; Ryoo, H.; Ahn, H. (2017) Student customized creative education model based on open innovation. J. Open Innov. Technol. Market Complex. 3, 6.\r\n[13] Middleton, K.L.W. (2010). Developing Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Facilitating Nascent Entrepreneurship at the University. A Thesis submitted at the Division of Management of Organizational Renewal and Entrepreneurship, Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.\r\n[14] O\u2019Connor, A. A (2013) Conceptual framework for entrepreneurship education policy: Meeting government and economic purpose. J. Bus. Venture., (28), 546\u2013563.\r\n[15] Odia, L.O, &amp; Omofonmwan S.I, (2007). Educational System in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Social. Sciences. 14(1): 81-86.\r\n[16] Oduwaiye, R.O. (2009). Entrepreneurship Education in Nigerian Universities: Implementation and Way Forward. Advances in Management, 8(1): 60\u201367.\r\n[17] Oviawe, J.I. (2010). Repositioning Nigerian Youths for Economic Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Education. European Journal of Educational Studies, 2(2): 113\u2013118.\r\n[18] Shane, S. (2003). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar\r\n[19] Twumasi, I.K. (2013). The Challenges Of Youth Unemployment to The Church In Ghana: Response Of The Methodist Church Kumasi Circuit and Church Of God Patasi District. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Religious Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of Degree of Master of Philosophy, College of Arts and Social Sciences School of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi\r\n[20] Uwaifo, V.O. &amp; P.S.O. Uddin, (2009), Transition from the 6-3-3-4 To The 9-3-4 System of Education In Nigeria: An Assessment of its Implementation On Technology Subjects. Studies on Home and Community Science. 3(2): 81-86.\r\n[21] Walter, S.G.; Block, J.H(2016).Outcome of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective. J. Bus. Venture. (31)216\u2013233.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwachukwu, Precious Ikechukwu, Obisanma, Olatunde. A, Kuromiema, Minabere. I, Potopregha Maurice, Obatola, A. Toyin, &#8220;The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Students \u2018Business Venturing in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.520-525 June 2021\u00a0 DOI : https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5203<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/520-525.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-entrepreneurship-education-on-students-business-venturing-in-tertiary-institutions-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Students \u2018Business Venturing in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979a4af elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"979a4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979b465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979b465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Monetary Policy and Deposit Money Banks\u2019 Lending Rates in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Demehin, James Adeniyi &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 526-530<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979b501 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979b501\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979b6f1\" data-id=\"979b6f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979b842 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"979b842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Lending rates are vital prices that influence consumption and investment spending decisions of economic units, and thus, the central banks of nations are saddled with the responsibility of ensuring that the rates charged by deposit money banks are providing enabling financial environment, and this responsibility is being discharged by adopting appropriate monetary policy stances taking cognizance of the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. On this premise, this study examined the effect of monetary policy on deposit money banks\u2019 lending rates in Nigeria. Secondary data was obtained from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin from 1987 to 2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller, Bound test, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag were used to determine the effect of money supply, monetary policy rates, and cash reserve ratios on lending rates. The stationary results indicated that lending rates and monetary policy rates were stationary at level, and money supply and cash reserve ratios stationary at first difference. Bound test results showed that there were long run relationships between the dependent and the independent variables. From the Autoregressive Distributed Lag results, money supply had positive and insignificant effect on lending rates in the short- run but negative and significant effect in the long-run. Cash reserve ratios exerted positive and significant effect in the short run, and negative and insignificant in the long run. Monetary policy rates influence was positive and significant both in the short run and long run. It was concluded that, with monetary policy rates showing the potency to influence the direction of lending rates, monetary policies would go a long way in producing monetary management capable of generating increased growth with stability in Nigeria. It was equally recommended that the central bank of Nigeria should identify banks funds sources that were outside its control and institute control mechanism in order to improve cash reserve ratios potency both in the short run and long run, and strengthen monetary policies effectiveness.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 526-530\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5631<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Demehin, James Adeniyi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Banking and Finance, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Afolabi, M. A., Adeyemi, K. K., Salaudeen, O.S., &amp; Fagbemi, T.O. (2018). Monetary policy and bank credit in Nigeria: A Toda-Yamamoto approach. Journal of Acts Universitatis, Danubius. 14(5), 45-55.\r\n[2] Akomolafe, K.J., Danladi, J.D., Babalola, O., &amp; Abah, A.G. (2015). Monetary policy and deposit money bankss\u2019 erformance in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(9), 1-15.\r\n[3] Aliyu, S.B., Saidu, S.A., Ubair, A.U. &amp; Beki, D. (2017). Effect of changes in Nigeria monetary policy rates on interest rates. International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 3(10), 44-57.\r\n[4] CBN (2018). Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, 25. Retrieved June 15, 2019, from http:\/\/statistics.cbn.gov.ng\/cbn-onlinestats.\r\n[5] Central Bank of Nigeria monetary policy department. CBN\/MPD\/series 01\/2006.\r\n[6] Dhungana, N.T. (2017). Effects of monetary policy on bank lending in Nepal. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(7), 60-81.\r\n[7] Falade, O.E. &amp; Folorunso, B.A. (2015). Fiscal and monetary policy instruments and economic growth sustainability in Nigeria. American Journal of Economics, 5(6), 587-594.\r\n[8] Ikechukwu, K. (2014). Effects of monetary policy rates on interest rates in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 8(1), 30-51.\r\n[9] Ndubuaku, V.C. Ifeanyi, O. Enze, C. &amp; Onyemere, S. (2017). Impacts of monetary policy on deposit money bankss\u2019 profits: The case of Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 13(8), 32-40.\r\n[10] Odior, E.S. (2013). Monetary policy, bank lending and inflation in Nigeria: VAR approach. Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, 11(2), 143-159.\r\n[11] Udede, C.C (2014). Monetary policy and economic growth of Nigeria (1981-2012). Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(1), 23-247.\r\n[12] Uwozie, I.U. &amp; Aina, T.H. (2015). Monetary policy variables and deposit money bankss\u2019 loans: A causality approach. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(18), 122-135.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Demehin, James Adeniyi , &#8220;Monetary Policy and Deposit Money Banks\u2019 Lending Rates in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.526-530 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5631<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/526-530.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/monetary-policy-and-deposit-money-banks-lending-rates-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monetary Policy and Deposit Money Banks\u2019 Lending Rates in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979c5f3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"979c5f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979c6d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979c6d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979cb6b\" data-id=\"979cb6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979cc78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979cc78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979cd14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979cd14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979ce67\" data-id=\"979ce67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979cf72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979cf72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979d00e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979d00e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979d153\" data-id=\"979d153\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979d262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979d262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979d2f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979d2f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979d45e\" data-id=\"979d45e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979d56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979d56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reconfiguring Rural Education in the Aftermath of COVID 19: Imperatives for Rural Schools in Zimbabwe and Namibia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Mswazie Jonathan, Dr. Shumba Sibiziwe &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 531-540<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979d609 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979d609\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979d783\" data-id=\"979d783\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979d8b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"979d8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact across all areas of human endeavor worldwide by disrupting educational and socio-economic activities. In light of this, this study set out to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural schools in both Namibia and Zimbabwe with the purpose of developing tools that may be used in post-COVID-19 reconstructions of rural schooling. Qualitative survey methodologies were used to collect data from twelve participants in Namibia and Zimbabwe. More specifically, open-ended questionnaires, telephone interviews and document analysis were the main tools used to collect the data to address the problem. The study used Hall and Hord (1987)\u2019s Intervention Taxonomy as a theoretical and interpretive guide to the study. The results of the study reveal several schooling imperatives for rural schooling in the post-COVID-19 period. Firstly, there is need for governments to craft multi-sectorial policy frameworks that will harmonize health, education and economic activities in rural areas. Secondly, infrastructural development of rural areas focusing on the provision of remote learning technologies and internet access constitute a major imperative. Thirdly, reconfiguration of teacher education curriculum constitutes another key priority. Teachers urgently need new skills and knowledge to manage and produce distance\/remote learning materials. Rural schools now exist in academic wastelands, whereby learning has ground to a halt. Rural teachers and pupils have virtually ground to a halt during the disruptive phase of the pandemic. Health and safety wise, no mitigatory measures or plans have been adopted to mitigate the spread of the pandemic among pupils and the rural populace particularly at household level. However, the study reveals that various measures have been mooted in preparation of the reopening of schools but these measures may be belated. In view of the above, several interventions emerge as imperatives not only for rural schooling but the survival of the rural populace. Firstly, the study reveals that it is imperative for multi-sectoral policy interventions to transform rural health and schooling. These interventions would entail the coordination of community development strategies, health and rural education policies and poverty alleviation strategies. Secondly, the results of the study point to the need for the development of affordable distance learning packages as the only realistic strategy and lever for enhancing and upgrading the quality of rural schooling. Thirdly, but most importantly, emergence measures to provide personal protective clothing for rural populations should be declared a national priority, otherwise protecting one sector of the society is not sustainable. In light of these findings, this study recommends that policy formulators in the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MOPSE) should create a forum or mechanism where they formulate a common framework for engaging rural schools in a coherent and coordinated manner. Similarly, the ministry responsible for teacher education should reconfigure teacher training policies and practices to ensure that rural teachers are equipped with the knowledge, skills and competences to develop distance education learning materials and to manage composite classes. Such interventions and strategies would undoubtedly lead to the provision and transformation of rural schooling.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 531-540\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mswazie Jonathan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Department of Curriculum Studies, Great Zimbabwe University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Shumba Sibiziwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPrincipal Lecturer, Joshua Mqabuko Polytechnic College, Department of Languages and Humanities\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aggarwal, Y. 1997. Small schools: Issues in policy planning. NIEPPA Occasional Paper 23. New Dehli: NIEPPA.\r\n[2] Akpomuvie ,O. B.2010. Journal Alternative Perspectives in Social Sciences. 2 (1): pp 88 \u2013 111.\r\n[3] Al-Mamun, A; Che Kum, and Habibu, C. 2012, Difficulties faced by teachers in using ICT in teaching-learning at technical and higher education institutions of Uganda. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. Volume 1. Issue 7.\r\n[4] Bennet, B. 2002. Class size in primary schools. Perception of head teacher, chairs of governors, teachers and parents.\r\n[5] Chabbot, C. 2009. UNICEF\u2019s child friendly schools\u2019 framework. A desk review: UNICEF\r\n[6] Chifamba, M. 2014. Land reform and Resettlement Programme. In Newsday\r\n[7] Clark, B.R. 2005. Sustaining change in universities. Continuities in case studies and concepts. New York: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.\r\n[8] Creswell, J.W. 1994. Notes on qualitative research. (http:\/\/academic3.american.edu.\/mertus\/qualitative%20research.htm. Accessed 13 April 2020).\r\n[9] Department of Education. 2005. Report of the Ministerial Committee on Rural Education. A new vision for rural schools. Pretoria: Government Printers\r\n[10] Daniel, J. 2010. Mega-schools, technology and teachers. Achieving education for all. . m\r\n[11] Mega schools technology and teachers. London: Routledge\r\n[12] Dube, Y. 2012. Constituencies lose faith in leaders. In Chronicle, 23 June\r\n[13] Flick, U. 2002. An introduction to qualitative research. 2nd edition. London: Sage.\r\n[14] Flick, U. 2004. Triangulation in qualitative research. In: W. Flick, E. von Kardoff, &amp; I. Steinke, I. (eds.). A companion to qualitative research. London: Sage: 178 \u2013 183.\r\n[15] Fullan, M. &amp; Quinn, J. 2020 Global Directors at New Pedagogies for Deep Learning. Reimagining education: From remote to hybrid learning. Posted on June 8 2020 at 10; 00 am. Microsoft Education Blog.\r\n[16] Government of Zimbabwe. Education Act. 1994. Government Printers\r\n[17] Hammerseley, M. 2012. The issue of quality in qualitative research. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 30(3):287-306.\r\n[18] Holmerg, B. 1996. on the potential of distance education in the age of information technology. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2(6): 484-491. New York: Plennum Press: 207-217.\r\n[19] Kabayanjiri, K. 2012. An overview of satellite schools in resettled areas. Accessed 31\/05\/2017.\r\n[20] Langa, V. 2012. Land reform schools in sorry state. Parliament of Zimbabwe.\r\n[21] Leedy, P. D. 1993. Conducting education research. London: McMillan\r\n[22] Lincoln, Y.S. &amp; Guba, E.G. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newburg Park, California: Sage.\r\n[23] Little, A.W. 2006. Education for all and multi-grade teaching: challenges and opportunities. Luders, C. 2004. The challenges of qualitative research. In: W. Flick, E. Kardoff, &amp; I. Steinke, (eds.). A companion to qualitative research. London: Sage Publications: 362 \u2013 364.\r\n[24] Marongwe, H. 2008. Interogating Zimbabwe\u2019s Fast Track Land Reform Programme. A focus on beneficiary selection. PhD Thesis. University of Western Cape.\r\n[25] Mathevula, M.D. &amp; Uwizeyimana, D.E. (2014). \u201cThe challenges facing the integration of ICT in teaching and learning activities in South African rural secondary schools\u201d, Mediterranean\r\n[26] Journal of Social Sciences, 5, (20): 1087-1097.\r\n[27] Mswazie, J. 2013. Re-conceptualizing the design and delivery of teacher preparatory programmes: Insights from Zimbabwe. International Journal of Asian Science. 3{2}:386-404.\r\n[28] Mswazie, J and Blignaut, S. 2019. Developing teacher competencies through the open and distance learning mode. South African Journal of Higher Education. 33 (3)\r\n[29] Mutenga, T. 2012. Make education a priority. In Financial Gazette, 27 June.\r\n[30] Rastigi, S, &amp; Vilakati, N. 2013. Empowering school teachers using the Distance Education Mode. Commonwealth of Learning. Reichertz, S. 2004. Abduction, deduction and induction in qualitative research. In: U. Flick, E. Kardoff, E. &amp; I. Steinke, (eds.). A companion to qualitative research. London: Sage: 159 \u2013 164.\r\n[31] Schubert, W,H. 1986. Curriculum, perspective and paradigm, and possibility. New York. McMillan Publishing CO.\r\n[32] Stake, R. 1995. A teacher\u2019s guide to appraisal issue. London: Hodder Stoughton.\r\n[33] UNICEF. 2009. The state of the world\u2019s children. New York: UNICEF.\r\n[34] UNESCO. 2009. The state of the world\u2019s children. New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[35] UNESCO. 2011. National journey towards the education for sustainable development. Paris education on the farms. http:\/\/zimbabwe and wordpress2012\/05\/\/04\/.Accessed 31\/05\/2017.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Mswazie Jonathan, Dr. Shumba Sibiziwe &#8220;Reconfiguring Rural Education in the Aftermath of COVID 19: Imperatives for Rural Schools in Zimbabwe and Namibia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.531-540 June 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/531-540.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reconfiguring-rural-education-in-the-aftermath-of-covid-19-imperatives-for-rural-schools-in-zimbabwe-and-namibia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reconfiguring Rural Education in the Aftermath of COVID 19: Imperatives for Rural Schools in Zimbabwe and Namibia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979e6d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979eaf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979ec40\" data-id=\"979ec40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979ed51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979ed51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979edec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979edec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979ef3d\" data-id=\"979ef3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979f043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979f0e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979f0e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979f231\" data-id=\"979f231\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979f347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979f3e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979f3e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979f54b\" data-id=\"979f54b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f660 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"979f660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Poverty risk profile in Cameroon: a gender headship analysis<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kouhomou Clemence Zite, Pilag Kakeu Charles Bertin &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 541-549<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-979f6ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"979f6ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-979f86e\" data-id=\"979f86e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f9b3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"979f9b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper investigates the poverty risk profile by gender headship in Cameroon using a twofold methodological approach based on data from the fourth Cameroonian household survey (ECAM 4). These methodological approaches enabled us to define four heterogeneous sub-groups (de facto and de jure female-headed households, single and in union male-headed households) and also to analyse the correlates of consumption spending, vulnerability to poverty as well as its causes (poverty or risk induced vulnerability) in each group of households. Two main results emerge from this work. First, the lower vulnerability level is observed in single men group and the highest in married men group (18.55 against 49.79). Between de facto and de jure female-headed households, the difference is at least 3 points in favour of de jure female-headed households. Furthermore, the vast majority of households appear to be affected by low expectation of consumption except single men-headed households for whom the risk induced vulnerability (estimated at 10.88) is higher than poverty induced vulnerability. This result points to large potential gains from social risk management policies targeting poverty risk while taking into account the gender bias.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 541-549\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kouhomou Clemence Zite<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Dschang, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Pilag Kakeu Charles Bertin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Dschang, Cameroon\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Azeem, M. M., Mugera, A. W., &amp; Schilizzi, S. (2016). Poverty and vulnerability in the Punjab, Pakistan: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Asian Economics, 44, 57-72.\r\n[2] Luers, A. L., Lobell, D. B., Sklar, L. S., Addams, C. L., &amp; Matson, P. A. (2003). A method for quantifying vulnerability, applied to the agricultural system of the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Global Environmental Change, 13(4), 255-267.\r\n[3] Akinola, A. O. (2018). Women, culture and Africa\u2019s land reform Agenda. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2234.\r\n[4] Badgett, M. V. &amp; Folbre, N. (1999). Assigning care: Gender norms and economic outcomes. Int&#8217;l Lab. Rev., 138, 311.\r\n[5] Buvinic, M., &amp; Gupta, G. R. (1997). Female-headed households and female-maintained families: Are they worth targeting to reduce poverty in developing countries? Economic Development and Cultural Change, 45(2), 259\u2013280.\r\n[6] Calvo, C., and Dercon, S. (2013). Vulnerability to individual and aggregate poverty. Social Choice and Welfare, 41(4), 721-740.\r\n[7] Chant, S. H. (Ed.). (2011). The international handbook of gender and poverty: concepts, research, policy. Edward Elgar Publishing.\r\n[8] Chaudhuri, S., Jalan, J., and Suryahadi, A. (2002). Assessing household vulnerability to poverty from cross-sectional data: A methodology and estimates from Indonesia.\r\n[9] Dang, H. A. H., and Lanjouw, P. F. (2014). Welfare dynamics measurement: Two definitions of a vulnerability line and their empirical application. The World Bank.\r\n[10] Du\ufb02o, E. (2012). Women\u2019s empowerment and economic development: CEPR discussion paper 8734.\r\n[11] Dunga, S. H. (2017). A gender and marital status analysis of household income in a low-Income township. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica, 62(1), 20-30.\r\n[12] Dyer, J. E., Redus, J. R., Stahl, M. M., &amp; Freed, M. W. (2018). Combating youth unemployment: Developing an Australian work readiness tool.\r\n[13] Epo, B. N., &amp; Baye, F. M. (2016). Decomposing Poverty-Inequality Linkages of Sources of Deprivation by Men-Headed and Women-Headed Households in Cameroon. Journal of Economic Development, 41(1), 57.\r\n[14] Epo, B. N., Baye, F. M., &amp; Teme Angele Manga, N. (2011). Spatial and Inter-temporal Sources of Poverty, Inequality and Gender Disparities in Cameroon: a Regression-Based Decomposition Analysis.\r\n[15] Fafchamps, M. Rural Poverty, Risk and Development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003.\r\n[16] Gallardo, M. (2018). Identifying vulnerability to poverty: A critical survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 32(4), 1074-1105.\r\n[17] G\u00fcnther, I., &amp; Harttgen, K. (2009). Estimating households vulnerability to idiosyncratic and covariate shocks: A novel method applied in Madagascar. World Development, 37(7), 1222-1234.\r\n[18] Haring-Hidore, M., Stock, W. A., Okun, M. A., &amp; Witter, R. A. (1985). Marital status and subjective well-being: A research synthesis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 947-953.\r\n[19] Hill R. V. and Porter C. (2017). Vulnerability to Drought and Food Price Shocks: Evidence from Ethiopia. World Development 96, 65-77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.02.025\r\n[20] Imai, K. S., Gaiha, R., &amp; Kang, W. (2011). Vulnerability and poverty dynamics in Vietnam. Applied Economics, 43(25), 3603-3618.\r\n[21] King, E., Klasen, S., &amp; Porter, S. (2009). Women and development. In B. Lomborg (Ed.), Global crises, global solutions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.\r\n[22] Klasen, S., Lechtenfeld, T., &amp; Povel, F. (2014). A feminization of vulnerability? Female headship, poverty, and vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam. World Development, 71, 36-53.\r\n[23] Marginean, S. (2014). Youth unemployment in Romania: Post-crisis challenges. Procedia Economics and Finance, 16(2014), 613-620.\r\n[24] Mergenhagen, P. M., Lee, B. A., &amp; Gove, W. R. (1985). Till death do us part: Recent changes in the relationship between marital status and mortality? Sociology and social research, 70(1), 53-56.\r\n[25] Moghadam, V. M., &amp; Valentine, M. (2005). Globalizing women: Transnational feminist networks. JHU Press.\r\n[26] Ortega-D\u00edaz, A. (2020). Marital Status and Poverty with Gender Bias. In Advances in Women\u2019s Empowerment: Critical Insight from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Emerald Publishing Limited.\r\n[27] Premand, P., &amp; Vakis, R. (2010). Do shocks affect poverty persistence? Evidence using welfare trajectories from Nicaragua. Well-Being and Social Policy, 6(1), 95-129.\r\n[28] Quisumbing, A. R., Haddad, L., &amp; Pe\u00f1a, C. (2001). Are women overrepresented among the poor? An analysis of poverty in 10 developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 66(1), 225-269.\r\n[29] Sen, A. (1995). Inequality reexamined. Oxford University Press.\r\n[30] Subbarao, K., and Christiaensen, L. J. (2004). Toward an understanding of household vulnerability in rural Kenya. The World Bank.\r\n[31] INS (Institut National de la Statistique) (2015). Rapport ECAM 4, MINEPAD.\r\n[32] United Nations (2015). Sustainable development goals (SDGs), Transforming our world: the, 2030, 338-350.\r\n[33] Wanyeki, L. M. (Ed.). (2003). Women and land in Africa: culture, religion and realizing women&#8217;s rights. New Africa Books.\r\n[34] World Bank (2011). World development report 2012: Gender equality and development. Washington, DC: The World Bank.\r\n[35] World Bank. (2020). Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune.\r\n[36] Molua, E. L. (2011). Farm income, gender differentials and climate risk in Cameroon: typology of male and female adaptation options across agroecologies. Sustainability Science, 6(1), 21-35.\r\n[37] WEF. (2020). The global gender gap report. World Economic Forum, Genebra.\r\n[38] Zereyesus, Y. A., Ross, K. L., Amanor-Boadu, V., and Dalton, T. J. (2014). Baseline feed the future indicators for northern Ghana 2012. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 33.\r\n[39] Zick, C. D., &amp; Smith, K. R. (1991). Marital transitions, poverty, and gender differences in mortality. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 327-336.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kouhomou Clemence Zite, Pilag Kakeu Charles Bertin &#8220;Poverty risk profile in Cameroon: a gender headship analysis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.541-549 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5201<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/541-549.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/poverty-risk-profile-in-cameroon-a-gender-headship-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Poverty risk profile in Cameroon: a gender headship analysis<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a0832 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97a0832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a091d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a091d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a0df2\" data-id=\"97a0df2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a0f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a0f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a0fb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a0fb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a110d\" data-id=\"97a110d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a1226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a1226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a12c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a12c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a1413\" data-id=\"97a1413\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a151b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a151b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a15de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a15de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a1748\" data-id=\"97a1748\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a185f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a185f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Videotron in Intelligent Transportation Systems to Help Smooth Traffic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Amat Damuri, Ridwan, Deny Ariestandy, Arman Syah Putra, Nurul Aisyah &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 550-553<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a18ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a18ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a1a81\" data-id=\"97a1a81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a1bbd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97a1bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1581\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1581\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Providing accurate information is one of the things that is very necessary when on the road, the task is the government and the police in providing information to the public what is happening on the road-ways with accurate information so that people can sort and choose which way they can and which way they can&#8217;t take, therefore one of them is the use of videotron. A Videotron is one of the information media provided by certain parties on the highway. With this, it can help the public know what happened to the highway in front of it and when did it happen. The method used in this research is by referring to previous studies as the basis for future research. There are many videotron methods used to provide traffic information to motorists on the highways, one of which is by running text on the side of the road so that motorists can know and read what is happening in front of them, for example, accidents with this method are very common. Effective but with the new method using videotron it will be much more effective to provide information to the public what is happening on highways. Study will prove that the effectiveness of videotron in providing information to the public, especially information on traffic services on the highways and can provide what happens on the highway in front of it, for example, crime and accidents. Therefore, with information, can find other routes so that no traffic jam on the highway.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 550-553\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1582\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1582\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amat Damuri<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTMIK Insan Pembangunan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ridwan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTMIK Insan Pembangunan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Deny Ariestandy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTMIK Insan Pembangunan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Arman Syah Putra<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTMIK Insan Pembangunan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nurul Aisyah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSTMIK Insan Pembangunan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1583\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1583\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] A. S. Putra, et all &#8220;\u201cExamine Relationship of Soft Skills, Hard Skills, Innovation and Performance: the Mediation Effect of Organizational Le,&#8221; IJSMS, pp. 27-43, 2020.\r\n[2] A. Damuri, N. Isnain, R. A. Priyatama, Y. I. Chandra and A. S. Putra, &#8220;E-Learning Proposal System in Public Secondary School Learning,&#8221; International Journal of Educational Research &amp; Social Sciences (IJERSC), vol. 2, p. 270\u2013275, 2021.\r\n[3] N. K. Dewi and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Perkembangan Gamification dan Dampak Game Online terhadap Jiwa Manusia di Kota Pintar DKI Jakarta,&#8221; Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 315-320, 2020.\r\n[4] N. K. Dewi and A. S. Putra, &#8220;SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN KARYAWAN BARU DENGAN ALGORITMA GREEDY,&#8221; Jurnal Visualika, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 154-160, 2020.\r\n[5] N. K. Dewi, I. Mulyana, A. S. Putra and F. R. Radita, &#8220;Konsep Robot Penjaga Toko Di Kombinasikan Dengan Pengendalian Virtual Reality (VR) Jarak Jauh,&#8221; IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 33-38, 2020.\r\n[6] N. K. Dewi and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Decision Support System for Head of Warehouse Selection Recommendation Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method,&#8221; Prosiding International Conference of Universitas Pekalongan, pp. 1-12, 2021.\r\n[7] N. K. Dewi and A. S. Putra, &#8220;LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SMART TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ON HIGHWAY,&#8221; Proceedings International Conference onEducation of Suryakancana 2021, pp. 321-326, 2021.\r\n[8] N. K. Dewi and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Prosiding International Conference of Universitas Pekalongan,&#8221; Prosiding International Conference on Education of Suryakancana 2021 (ICONNECTS 2021), pp. 321-326, 2021.\r\n[9] N. K. Dewi, . B. H. Irawan, E. Fitry and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Konsep Aplikasi E-Dakwah Untuk Generasi Milenial Jakarta,&#8221; IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 26-33, 2020.\r\n[10] B. Givan, . R. Wirawan, D. Andriawan, N. Aisyah, A. and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Effect of Ease And Trustworthiness To Use E-Commerce for Purchasing Goods Online,&#8221; International Journal of Educational Research &amp; Social Sciences (IJERSC), vol. 2, no. 2, p. 277\u2013282, 2021.\r\n[11] M. S. Hartawan, A. S. Putra and A. Muktiono, &#8220;Smart City Concept for Integrated Citizen Information Smart Card or ICISC in DKI Jakarta,&#8221; International Journal of Science, Technology &amp; Management, pp. 364-370, 2020.\r\n[12] A. S. Putra, &#8220;Analisa Dan Perancangan Sistem Tata Kelola Parkir Cerdas Di Kota Pintar Jakarta,&#8221; IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 550-553, 2020.\r\n[13] A. S. Putra and N. K. Dewi, &#8220;Perkembangan Gamification dan Dampak Game Online terhadap Jiwa Manusia di Kota Pintar DKI Jakarta,&#8221; Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 315-320, 2020.\r\n[14] A. S. Putra, H. Waruwu, M. Asbari, D. Novitasari and A. Purwanto, &#8220;Leadership in the Innovation Era: Transactional or Transformational Style?,&#8221; INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES (IJOSMAS), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-17, 2021.\r\n[15] A. S. Putra and . R. R. Fatrilia, &#8220;Paradigma Belajar Mengaji Secara Online Pada Masa Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19),&#8221; MATAAZIR: Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan, pp. 49-61, 2020.\r\n[16] A. S. Putra and L. H. S. W. Harco , &#8220;Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System (ITMS) for Smart City Based on IoT Monitoring,&#8221; Indonesian Association for Pattern Recognition International Conference (INAPR) IEEE, pp. 161-165, 2018.\r\n[17] A. S. Putra, L. H. S. W. Harco , S. A. Bahtiar , T. Agung , . S. Wayan and H. K. Chu-, &#8220;Gamification in the e-Learning Process for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),&#8221; Indonesian Association for Pattern Recognition International Conference (INAPR) IEEE, pp. 182-185, 2018.\r\n[18] A. S. Putra, L. H. S. W. Harco , L. G. Ford , . S. Benfano and A. Edi , &#8220;A Proposed surveillance model in an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS),&#8221; Indonesian Association for Pattern Recognition International Conference (INAPR) IEEE, pp. 156-160, 2018.\r\n[19] I. Ramadhan, A. Kurniawan and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Penentuan Pola Penindakan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas di DKI Jakarta Menggunakan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP),&#8221; IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 51-57, 2020.\r\n[20] V. H. Valentino, H. S. Setiawan, M. T. Habibie, R. Ningsih, D. Katarina and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Online And Offline Learning ComparisonIn The New Normal Era,&#8221; International Journal of Educational Research &amp; Social Sciences (IJERSC), vol. 2, no. 2, p. 449\u2013455, 2021.\r\n[21] V. Valentino, H. S. Setiawan, . A. Saputra, Y. Haryanto and A. S. Putra, &#8220;Decision Support System for Thesis Session Pass Recommendation Using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) Method,&#8221; Journal International Journal of Educational Research &amp; Social Sciences, pp. 215-221, 2021.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1584\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1584\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amat Damuri, Ridwan, Deny Ariestandy, Arman Syah Putra, Nurul Aisyah &#8220;Videotron in Intelligent Transportation Systems to Help Smooth Traffic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.550-553 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/550-553.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1585\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1585\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/550-553.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1586\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1586\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/videotron-in-intelligent-transportation-systems-to-help-smooth-traffic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Videotron in Intelligent Transportation Systems to Help Smooth Traffic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a29bd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97a29bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a2aa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a2aa1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a2c21\" data-id=\"97a2c21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a2d45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a2d45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a2de7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a2de7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a2f3f\" data-id=\"97a2f3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a304a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a304a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a30e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a30e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a3239\" data-id=\"97a3239\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a334a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a334a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a33e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a33e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a3537\" data-id=\"97a3537\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a363d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a363d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a36d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a36d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a383a\" data-id=\"97a383a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a3950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a3950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>E &#8211; Government to Citizens Model and Service Delivery by Government of Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Purity Karimi Gatobu, Jackson Ndolo Muthini &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 554-558<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a39f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a39f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a3b5c\" data-id=\"97a3b5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a3c7c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97a3c7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">ICT plays an important role in the achievement of government\u2019s operations effectiveness and efficiency. There has been a multi-million dollar ICT-support initiative by the kenyan government and World Bank which aims at improving government service delivery. However, there still exists a high failure rate of other government ICT projects. Moreover, there has been an increase in ineffective and inadequate use of e-government services regardless of several developments in e-government in most developing countries. The study adopts the government to citizen\u2019s model. The research sought to determine the influence of E-Government to citizen\u2019s model on service delivery at Embu Huduma Centre. This study is grounded on Unified theory of acceptance, technology adoption model theory. The study targeted all government agencies offering their services at the centre which comprised of all 56 frontline officers. This made it to be a census study. The study established that the E-citizen portal had greatly influenced service delivery. Further the findings from the correlation analysis indicated that there was significant and progressive influence on E-government to citizen model on service delivery as it had resulted into improved customer satisfaction. The study recommends that further research can be done in other huduma centers across the Country to help in comparison and expansion of the study findings..<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 554-558\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Purity Karimi Gatobu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Business and Economics, Mount Kenya University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jackson Ndolo Muthini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Business and Human Resource Development, Rongo University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alsaghier, H., Portage, M., Nguyen, An., and Hexel, R. (2009, July). Improvement of an Instrument to Gauge Hypothetical Develops of a Model of Residents&#8217; Trust in e-Government. In Procedures of the eighth European Meeting on Data Fighting and Security, Military Foundation, Lisbon and the College of Minho, Braga, Portugal (p. 65).\r\n[2] Gyaase, P. O., and Takyi, A. (2014). A case for open financing of broadband web foundation in Ghana. Universal Diary of Logical and Innovation Exploration, 3(2), 60-68.\r\n[3] Imbamba, E. N., and Kimile, N. (2017). An audit of the status of e-government execution in Kenya.\r\n[4] Kalau, E. M. (2016). E-Acquisition Procedures and the Exhibition of Kenya Possessed Parastatals. College of Nairobi, 1-55.\r\n[5] Kanaan, A. G., Receptacle Hassan, S., and Shahzad, A. (2016). A calculated model for E-Government achievement factors in creating nations. Global Diary of Logical and Exploration Distributions, 6(12), 39-44.\r\n[6] Kaur, M., and Singh, A. (2015). E-Government: Difficulties for acknowledgment and appropriation in territory of Punjab. Worldwide Diary of PC Applications, 109(15).\r\n[7] Kituyi, G. M., and Anjoga, H. (2013). Improvement of e-Taxpayer supported organization Ease of use in Creating Nations: Exact Encounters of Uganda. Diary of Developing Patterns in Figuring and Data Sciences, 4(3), 263-269.\r\n[8] Mateen, A., Sabir, S., and Ullah, K. (2017). An Advancement of Mixture Structure for e government. Global Diary of The executives, IT and Designing, 7(2), 88-101.\r\n[9] Mawela, T., Ochara, N. M., and Twinomurinzi, H. (2017). E-government usage: A reflection on South African regions. South African PC Diary, 29(1), 147-171.\r\n[10] Mugambi, M. K. (2013). Impacts of E-government system on administration conveyance in the administration services in Kenya. Unpublished Exploration Venture, College of Nairobi, Nairobi.\r\n[11] Nicholas Muchira Mwangi, N. M. (2015). E-Government selection by Kenya Services. Unpublished MBA Venture, College of Nairobi.\r\n[12] Ondego, B., and Moturi, C. (2016). Assessment of the Execution of the e-Resident in Kenya. Assessment, 10(4).\r\n[13] Rutto, D., and Yudah, O. (2015). Huduma Focuses Reforming Administration Arrangement in Kenya: Exercises for the Data Calling. The executives.\r\n[14] Sekeran, U. (2003). Examination techniques for business . Hoboken. NJ: John Wiley and Children. The Diary of The board Advancement, 14(3), 3-13.\r\n[15] Suprianto, E. (2014). The job of e-administration in expanding of nearby government execution (Contextual analysis in Demak Territory, Focal Java, Indonesia). Global Diary of Business, Financial aspects and Law, 4(1), 89-95.\r\n[16] Wambugu, F. (2018). Impact of Administration Quality Measurements on Consumer loyalty among Government Huduma Focuses in Fracture Valley District, Kenya (Doctoral exposition, JKUAT).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Purity Karimi Gatobu, Jackson Ndolo Muthini &#8220;E &#8211; Government to Citizens Model and Service Delivery by Government of Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.554-558 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/554-558.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/554-558.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/e-government-to-citizens-model-and-service-delivery-by-government-of-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">E &#8211; Government to Citizens Model and Service Delivery by Government of Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a4a59 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97a4a59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a4b3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a4b3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a4cb0\" data-id=\"97a4cb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a4dc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a4dc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a4e61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a4e61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a4fb0\" data-id=\"97a4fb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a50c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a50c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a515c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a515c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a52b1\" data-id=\"97a52b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a53b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a53b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a545c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a545c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a55a1\" data-id=\"97a55a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a56ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a56ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a5747 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a5747\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a58b2\" data-id=\"97a58b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a59c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a59c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hybrid Education, Pedagogical Continuity and Instructional Efficiency amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cameroon Universities<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>MUKUM Cenotar Engwari, MATSIDA KAMTA Marcelle Annie &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 559-564<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a5a61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a5a61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a5bc2\" data-id=\"97a5bc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a5cea elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97a5cea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The advent and propagation of the COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a big blow on the manner in which knowledge is imparted and acquired across the globe. While some schools and universities have simply been shutdown, most Cameroon universities have resorted to the adoption of both online and offline ways of course delivery to students as a means to ensure pedagogical continuity. The question that arises however is, what are the impacts of hybrid education model in Cameroon universities? This study therefore examines the opportunities and challenges relating thereto. It is a mixted study, involving interviews and questionnaires. The content analyses approach was used with the help of Homi Bhabha\u2019s Hybridity theory and results revealed that in as much as instructors and learners were not adequately prepared to cope with the situation and there is an acute shortage of technological infrastructures and facilities to sustain effective teaching-learning, the COVID-19 pandemic period is disruptive in the positive sense and innovative as it has \u2018upskilled\u2019 and reconfigured their previous practices. From these results, it is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic period is both a curse and blessing to Cameroon university instructors and students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 559-564\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5632<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>MUKUM Cenotar Engwari (Msc)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n2Research Assistant, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations(MINRESI)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Forster D. Ntow<\/strong><\/span>\r\n2Research Assistant, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations(MINRESI)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Agbor E., Johanna K., and Risto R., (2017). Process of Transfer and Reception of Bologna Process Ideas in the Cameroon Higher Education System .Centre for Research on Lifelong Learning and Education (CELE), University of Turku, Finland European Educational Research Journal. pp 1\u201320.\r\n[2] Al-Gahtani S.S., (2016). Empirical Investigation of E-Learning Acceptance and Assimilation: A Structural Equation Model. AppliedComputing and Informatics. 12(1): pp. 27-50.\r\n[3] Almaiah M.A., and Almulhem A., (2018). A Conceptual Framework for Determining the Success Factors of E-Learning System Implementation Using Delphi Technique. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 96(17).\r\n[4] Apongnde P., (2019). Challenges in the Effective Use of ICTs in Information Systems Management in Cameroon State Universities. PhD Thesis in Educational Management: University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.\r\n[5] Apongnde P., (2019). Techno-Pedagogy and Graduates\u2019 Employability in Cameroon State Universities. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), Volume III, Issue X, October 2019\/ISSN 2454-6186, pp. 536-542.\r\n[6] Bacher H.A., Goodman J., and Mulhern C., (2020). Inequality in Household Adaptation to Schooling Shocks: Covid-Induced Online Learning Engagement in Real Time, NBER Working Papers 27555, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.\r\n[7] Bellaaj M., Zekri, I., and Albugami M., (2015). The Continued use of E-Learning System: An Empirical Investigation Using UTAUT Model at the University of Tabuk. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 72(3).\r\n[8] Bhabha H. K., (1994). The Commitment to Theory: Questions of Third Cinema. Ed. Jim Pines and Paul Willemen. London: BFI Pub.\r\n[9] Julia N.M. E., (2017), Approche Hybride et Supervision des Memoires De DIPES et DIPET II: Essai d\u2019evaluation des Activit\u00e9s de Tutorat Menant aux Productions des Ecrits par les El\u00e8ves Professeurs. Centre national d\u2019enseignement \u00e0 Distance, https:\/\/doi.org\r\n[10] Krejcie R.V. and Morgan D.W., (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and PsychologicalMeasurement, 30, pp. 607-610.\r\n[11] Moorhouse B. (2020). Adaptations to a Face-to-face Initial Teacher Education Course \u2018Forced\u2019 Online due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching 42 (1). doi:10.1080\/02607476.2020.1755205.\r\n[12] Onyema E.M., and Deborah E.C., (2019). Potentials of Mobile Technologies in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Learning. International Journal of Education (IJE), 2(1), pp 1-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/IJE.2019.1421.\r\n[13] Shereen M. A., Khan S., Kazmi A., Bashir N., and Siddique R., (2020). COVID-19 Infection: Origin, Transmission, and Characteristics of Human Coronaviruses. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, pp . 91\u201398. doi:10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005.\r\n[14] UNESCO, (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse. RetrievedDec., 2020.\r\n[15] www. onlineeducation.com. (2020). Retrieved Dec., 2020.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">MUKUM Cenotar Engwari, MATSIDA KAMTA Marcelle Annie, &#8220;Hybrid Education, Pedagogical Continuity and Instructional Efficiency amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cameroon Universities&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.559-564 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5632<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/559-564.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/hybrid-education-pedagogical-continuity-and-instructional-efficiency-amid-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-cameroon-universities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hybrid Education, Pedagogical Continuity and Instructional Efficiency amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cameroon Universities<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a6aaa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97a6aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a6bad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a6bad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a6d32\" data-id=\"97a6d32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a6e5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a6e5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a6efe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a6efe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a7076\" data-id=\"97a7076\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a7187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a7187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Regulation of Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh: Constraints and Prospects<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Dr. Md. Nurul Amin &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 565-570<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a722e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a722e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a739a\" data-id=\"97a739a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a74c1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97a74c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study deals with the regulation of mobile financial transaction services in Bangladesh. It mainly focuses on the constraints and prospects of the regulation of mobile banking services industry. It justifies the selection of the regulation of mobile banking market as the services are growing rapidly and facing many challenges including dominant market share. Quality regulatory framework may promote the competitiveness of the industry and public interest at the next level. The secondary sources of data have been used mainly in this research. It follows content analysis as qualitative research method. The study finds that Bangladesh Bank as \u2018independent\u2019 regulatory agency, ministry of finance, the parliamentary standing committee on ministry of finance, directorate of national consumer rights protection, Bangladesh competition commission and the association of bankers- Bangladesh are main actors involved in the regulatory arrangements. The major constrains of this industry include excessive service fees, regulation of transaction ceiling, fraudulent practices, maintaining service quality, and monopoly of service providers. The prospects include inception of regressive service fee, safety of user and technology, expansion of services, using fin-tech innovations for huge users and market improvement, creating level playing field for all operators including state-owned provider, and interoperability facilities. Therefore, the policy makers and regulators including the Bangladesh Bank should take into account the above findings to improve mobile banking services in Bangladesh.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 565-570\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5633<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Md. Nurul Amin <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bangladesh Bank (2021), Regarding the Continuation of ATM and MFS Services within COVID-19 Situation, PSD Circular No 5\/2021, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[2] Bangladesh Bank (2011) \u201cGuidelines on Mobile Financial Services (MFS) for Banks\u201d, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department, Bangladesh Bank\r\n[3] Bangladesh Bank (2012). Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh: An Overview of Market Development. Policy Paper, Dhaka: Bangladesh Bank\r\n[4] Bangladesh Bank (2018) \u201cBangladesh Mobile Financial Services (MFS) Regulations, 2018\u201d, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department, Bangladesh Bank\r\n[5] Bangladesh Bank (2017), An Impact Study on Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Bangladesh Bank\r\n[6] Bangladesh Bank (2019), Regarding Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) Transactions, PSD Circular No 1\/2019, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[7] Bangladesh Bank (2017a), Regarding Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) Transactions, PSD Circular No 1\/2017, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[8] Bangladesh Bank (2017b), Regarding Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) Transactions, PSD Circular No 6\/2017, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[9] Bangladesh Bank (2013), Regarding Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) Transactions, PSD Circular No 1\/2013, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[10] Bangladesh Bank (2014), Regarding Mobile Financial Services (MFSs) Transactions, PSD Circular No 7\/2014, Dhaka: Payment Systems Department.\r\n[11] Bhuiyan, Md. Saifur Rahman and Rahman, Md. Mizanur (2013) \u201cImplementation of Mobile Banking in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges\u201d, Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Volume 7, Issue 5 (Sep.- Oct. 2013), PP 53-58\r\n[12] Bkash (2020) \u201cBkash Rates\u201d accessed at https:\/\/www.bkash.com\/products-services\/send-money\r\n[13] Government of Bangladesh (2009), The Consumers\u2019 Right Protection Act, 2009, Dhaka: Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs.\r\n[14] Government of Bangladesh (2012), The Competition Act, 2012, Dhaka: Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs.\r\n[15] Government of Bangladesh (2001), The Bangladesh Telecommunication Act, 2001, Dhaka: Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs.\r\n[16] Islam, Muhammad Zahidul(2019) \u201cMFS Reach Widens\u201d, The Daily Star, 27 January 2019, Dhaka\r\n[17] Koop, C. and Lodge, M. (2015) \u2018What is regulation? An interdisciplinary concept analysis\u2019, Regulation &amp; Governance, doi: 10.1111\/rego.12094.\r\n[18] Kabir, FHM Humayan (2020) Covid triggers rise in mobile financial services, The Financial. Express, November 14, 2020\r\n[19] Majone, G. (1999), \u2018The regulatory state and its legitimacy problems\u2019, West European Politics, 22(1), 1\u201324\r\n[20] Mujeri, Mustafa K. &amp;Azam, Sifat-E (2018) \u201cInteroperability of Digital Finance in Bangladesh: Challenges and Taking-Off Options\u201d, Working Paper No. 54, Dhaka: Institute for Inclusive Finance and Development (InM)\r\n[21] Parasuraman, A, Ziethaml, V. and Berry, L.L., (1988).&#8221;SERVQUAL: A Multiple- Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality&#8217; Journal of Retailing, Vol. 62, No. 1.\r\n[22] Parvez, Jaheed, Islam, Ariful, and Woodard, Josh (2015) Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh: A Survey of Current Services, Regulations, and Usage in Select USAID Projects.\r\n[23] Safaricom (2020) \u201cM-Pesa Rates\u201d, accessed at https:\/\/www.safaricom.co.ke\/m-pesa\/getting-started\/m-pesa-rates.\r\n[24] Ullah, Ahamed (2019) \u201cMobile banking frauds continue\u201d, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, 14 March 2019\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Dr. Md. Nurul Amin &#8220;Regulation of Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh: Constraints and Prospects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.565-570 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5633<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/565-570.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/regulation-of-mobile-financial-services-in-bangladesh-constraints-and-prospects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Regulation of Mobile Financial Services in Bangladesh: Constraints and Prospects<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a824d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97a824d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a832f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a832f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a849e\" data-id=\"97a849e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a85b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a85b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a8655 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a8655\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a87ae\" data-id=\"97a87ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a88b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a88b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a8957 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a8957\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a8aa2\" data-id=\"97a8aa2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a8bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a8bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a8c50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a8c50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a8da6\" data-id=\"97a8da6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a8eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a8eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a8f53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a8f53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a909b\" data-id=\"97a909b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a91a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a91a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a923e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a923e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a93ab\" data-id=\"97a93ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a94c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97a94c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Immigrant\u2019s Way of Creating a Piece of Home in Abroad: Foodways, Religion, Gender and Norms. <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Muhammad Ilias &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 571-575<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97a955d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97a955d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97a96d7\" data-id=\"97a96d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97a97f3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97a97f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">\u201cFood is who we are in a deepest sense, and not because it is transformed into blood and bone. Our personal gastronomic traditions- what we eat, the foods, and foodways we associate with the rituals of childhood, marriage and parenthood, moments around the table, celebrations- are critical component of our identities. To recall them in desperate circumstances is to reinforce a sense of self and to assist us in our struggle to preserve it.\u201d\r\nThis above statement is the reflection of the situation the author had went through. It also explains the psychological ways dealing with the struggles in the concentration camp of Terezin. The tiny hope they had about the future. Seeking of satisfaction and happiness in that ghetto life through deepest involvement into something that serves the need to mind, that connects people with their most familiar circumstances, which are more or less a symbol of one\u2019s self and identity. There are many aspects highlighted in the statement. It said that food is not merely what we are eating and hence our body is transforming into something good. Rather it\u2019s beyond that. Food is, almost similar to the definition of culture, what we are.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 571-575\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5634<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Ilias<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">REFERENCES are not available\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Ilias &#8220;Immigrant\u2019s Way of Creating a Piece of Home in Abroad: Foodways, Religion, Gender and Norms. &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.571-575 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5634<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/571-575.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/immigrants-way-of-creating-a-piece-of-home-in-abroad-foodways-religion-gender-and-norms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigrant\u2019s Way of Creating a Piece of Home in Abroad: Foodways, Religion, Gender and Norms. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97aa577 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97aa577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97aa65c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97aa65c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97aa7c5\" data-id=\"97aa7c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97aa8e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97aa8e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97aa982 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97aa982\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97aaada\" data-id=\"97aaada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97aabe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97aabe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97aac84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97aac84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97aadc7\" data-id=\"97aadc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97aaed7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97aaed7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97aaf74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97aaf74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ab0bc\" data-id=\"97ab0bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ab1be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ab1be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ab262 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ab262\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ab3b5\" data-id=\"97ab3b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ab4c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ab4c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Presence of Dutch Disease in Nigeria: The Implication of Rise in Oil Revenue<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>FALADE, Abidemi Olufemi Olusegun &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 576-585<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ab563 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ab563\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ab6d9\" data-id=\"97ab6d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ab808 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97ab808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Nigeria major source of foreign earning has been from crude oil which has caused decline in manufacturing sector output over the years. This situation often leads to oil price fluctuations that adversely affect budget performance. The existing literatures in Nigeria has focused largely on agricultural productivity to determine the existence of Dutch Disease (DD) in Nigeria, but paid less attention to the manufacturing sector output. The study therefore, examined the presence of DD in Nigeria from the scope of manufacturing sector from 1981-2019. The data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Thereafter, The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillip Peron (PP) unit root test and Johansen Co-integration for pre-test; while, Toda-Yamamoto (TY) causality test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) were used for the formulated objectives.\r\nThe ADF and PP unit root test confirmed stationarity of all the variables at first level difference. The Johansen co-integration established two co-integration relationships at 5% level of significance. The TY confirmed one-way causality from oil revenue to manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. The lagged error correction (ECM-1) confirmed that disequilibrium that occurred in the model from the short-run to long-run was corrected at an annual rate of 4.9%. The VECM discovered that natural log of oil revenue and exchange rate were significance and indirectly related to manufacturing sector output; while, natural log of government expenditure was significant and directly relate to it with their absolute t-statistics (1.69764), (9.92788) and (3.2788) greater than t-values (t0.05= 2.056, t0.1 = 1.706) respectively. Also, trade openness exhibited a direct relationship on manufacturing sector output but non-significance. The study therefore, concluded that the presence of DD in Nigeria was driven by increase in oil revenue. Therefore, recommended that Nigeria\u2019s government should continuously encouraging productivity in manufacturing sector through increase in capital expenditure especially on infrastructural development. Also, government should see manufacturing sector as one of the present core sectors that could facilitate development and contribute greater percentage to government revenue through diversification of the economy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 576-585\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>FALADE, Abidemi Olufemi Olusegun<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenate Research Consulting Firm\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adejumo A.O. (2018). The dutch disease effects of remittances in Nigeria. Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Finance at Stellenbosch University\r\n[2] Agbaeze, E.K., &amp; Ukoha, K. (2018). Oil a blessing or a curse: The Nigerian experience. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 22-34.\r\n[3] Akinlo, A. E (2012). How important is oil in Nigeria\u2019s economic growth? Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4), 13-31.\r\n[4] Anjande, G. &amp; Aor, R. (2017). An Economic Analysis of Dutch Disease in Nigeria. International Journal of Management Studies, Business &amp; Entrepreneurship Research,2(1), 75-90.\r\n[5] Bature B. N. (2013). The dutch disease and the diversification of an economy: Some case studies. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 15(5), 06-14.\r\n[6] Bitrus, N. B. (2013). The dutch disease and the diversification of an economy: Some case studies. Journal of Humanities and Social Science,15(5), 06-14.\r\n[7] Corden, M. &amp; Neary, J.P (1982). Booming sector and de-industrialization in a small open economy. Economic Journal 92, 825- 846.\r\n[8] Daferighe, E. E., Emah, J. A. &amp; Offiong, P. E. (2017). Oil and gas reserves and economic growth in Nigeria (1981 \u2013 2015): Matters arising. American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2(2), 90-95.\r\n[9] Demetriades, P. &amp; Law, S. H. (2006). Finance, institutions and economic development. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 11(3):245-260.\r\n[10] Edun, A. T. (2012). A Vector Autoregressive Analysis of oil and exchange rate in Nigeria: A case of Dutch disease. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 8(3),1-24.\r\n[11] Emmanuel, L. K. K., Mandelman, F. &amp; Acosta, P. A. (2008). Remittances, exchange rate regimes, and the Dutch disease: A panel data analysis. FRB of Atlanta Working Paper No. 2008-12.\r\n[12] Fasanya, O. I., Onakoya, A. B. O. &amp; Adabanija, M. A., (2013). Oil discovery and sectoral performance in Nigeria: An appraisal of the dutch disease. The IUP Journal of Applied Economics, 12(2), 25-40.\r\n[13] Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L &amp; Spurr, R. (2013). Is Australian tourism suffering Dutch Disease? Annals of Tourism Research, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annals.2013.12.003\r\n[14] Is\u2019haq, M. M. &amp; Mansur, M. (2016) Dutch disease or Nigerian disease: A prima facie? New evidence from ARDL bound test analysis. Journal of Humanities and Social Science,16(1), 21-34.\r\n[15] Javaid S.H. (2011). Dutch disease investigated: Empirical evidence from selected South-East Asian Economies. Journal of Economic and Cooperation and Development,3(4), 51-74.\r\n[16] Kareem, I. (2010). The structural manifestation of the `Dutch Disease\u2019: The Case of oil exporting countries. IMF Working Paper, International Monetary Fund.\r\n[17] Michael, L. R. (2013). Nigeria\u2019s Oil sector and the poor. Prepared for the UK Department for International Development \u201cNigeria: Drivers of Change\u201d program. The views expressed in this report are the author\u2019s, and may not reflect the views of DFID or the British government.\r\n[18] Neary, J. P. &amp; Wijnbergen, S. (1985). Natural resources and the macroeconomy. A theoretical framework. University College Dublin, School of Economics.\r\n[19] Nina, B. &amp; Gaobo, P. (2006). Nigeria: Dutch Disease or Debt Overhang? Diagnosing the past, lessons for the future.\r\n[20] Nsor-Ambala, A.A. 2015. Foreign transfers, manufacturing growth and the Dutch disease revisited. Discussion Paper No. 15\/663. United Kingdom: Department of Economics, University of Bristol\r\n[21] Nweze P. N. &amp; Greg, E. E. (2016). An Empirical Investigation of oil revenue and economic growth in Nigeria. European Scientific Journal,.12(25) 18-31.\r\n[22] Odularu, G. O. (2008). Crude oil and the Nigerian economic performance. World Trade Organisation (WTO), Centre William Rappard, Rue de Lausanne, 3(4).\r\n[23] Ologunde, I. A., Kapingura, F. M. &amp; Kin, S. (2020). Sustainable development and crude oil revenue: A case of selected crude oil-producing African countries. International Journal of Environmental Resources and Public Health 20(7), 67-99.\r\n[24] Olusi, J. O. &amp; Olagunju, M. A. (2005). The Primary sectors of the economy and the Dutch disease in Nigeria. The Pakistan Development Review 44,159-175.\r\n[25] Nikas, C. &amp; Blouchoutzi, S. A. (2014). Emigrants\u2019 remittances and the Dutch disease in small transition economies: The case of Albania and Moldova. Romanian Statistical Review, 62, (1), 45-65.\r\n[26] Paulo, G., Jhean, C. &amp; Guilherme, M. (2017). The resource curse reloaded: Revisiting the Dutch disease with economic complexity analysis. real-world economics review, 81.\r\n[27] Taiwo, A. O. (2011). Investigating Dutch Disease: The case of Nigeria. Dissertation of Degree of Master of Science submitted to Eastern Mediterranean University.\r\n[28] World Bank. (2019). Migration and development brief 27, migration and remittances: Recent development and Outlook, Special Topic on Global Compact on Migration. The World Bank, Washington, DC\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">FALADE, Abidemi Olufemi Olusegun &#8220;The Presence of Dutch Disease in Nigeria: The Implication of Rise in Oil Revenue&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.576-585 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/576-585.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/576-585.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-presence-of-dutch-disease-in-nigeria-the-implication-of-rise-in-oil-revenue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Presence of Dutch Disease in Nigeria: The Implication of Rise in Oil Revenue<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97acb8e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97acb8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97acc76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97acc76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97acdfa\" data-id=\"97acdfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97acf1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97acf1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97acfc4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97acfc4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ad134\" data-id=\"97ad134\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ad244 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ad244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Financial Management Practices and Financial Sustainability: A Study of Donor-Funded Projects by Windle International Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Khadijah Nabwire Majimbo, Musau Salome &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 586-594<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ad2e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ad2e2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ad449\" data-id=\"97ad449\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ad579 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97ad579\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial management practices on financial sustainability of the donor funded projects in the case of Windle International Kenya. This study used both descriptive survey design and explanatory approach. The target population was sixty eight senior management programme supervisors, field officers and finance officers who were also the respondents for this study. The study relied on primary data which was collected by use of questionnaire as the main research instrument and later analyzed by use of descriptive statistics inform of frequencies, means and standard deviations and inferential analysis such as Pearson correlations and regression analysis. The study key findings were that budgeting control, financial reporting, internal control and financial control were both used as financial management practices in the organization and they positively influenced the financial sustainability of projects in the organization. The regression analysis also indicated that budgeting control, financial reporting, internal control and financial control both have positive effect on the financial sustainability of projects in the organization. The study recommends among others that organization should consider putting various financial management practices such as budgeting control, financial reporting and internal control due to their huge significant effect on the financial sustainability of donor funded projects. Organizations have to also constantly ensure that budget timetables are developed in time and allocate budget preparation responsibilities to relevant organs, ensure the bids are evaluated and aligned with the priorities of the organization.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 586-594\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khadijah Nabwire Majimbo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting &amp; Finance, Master of Business Administration (Finance), School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musau Salome<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer Department of Accounting &#038; Finance, School of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tChelangat, V., Sang, P., &#038; Simiyu, E. (2018). Effect of Financial Planning On Financial Sustainability of Public Governance Non-GovernmentalOrganizationsinNairobiCounty,Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, 2 (5), 37-45.\r\n[2]\tChepkemoi, P., &#038; Njeru, A. (2017). The Effect of Financial Management and Practices on \tFinancial Sustainability of NGOsin Nairobi County:ACaseStudyofLocal NGOs. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 6 (6), 26-31.\r\n[3]\tDesta, Y., Kenenisa, D. L., &#038; Woldemichael, S. (2018). Effect of Financial Management Practices on Profitability of Small-Scale Enterprise: Case Study Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 2(6), 39-45.\r\n[4]\tKang&#8217;aru, P. N., &#038; Tirimba, I. (2018). Effect of Financial Planning Practices on the Financial Performance of Non Profit Making HealthOrganizations in Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8 (5), 599-623.\r\n[5]\tKangiri. (2015). Strategies for financial sustainability of civil society organizations:case of \tNairobi County. United States International University-Africa.\r\n[6]\tKaranja, J. G., &#038; Karuti, J. K. (2014). Assesment of Factors InfluencingFinancialSustainabilityofNonGovernmentalOrganizationsiIsiolo County,Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, 2 (9), 1-14.\r\n[7]\tKerine, L. O. (2015). Facttors Influencing Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations: A \tsurvey of NGOs in Nakuru County, Kenya. Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3 (9), 704-743.\r\n[8]\tLightbody, M. (2017). Financial Managers in a Church Organization. Understanding their Experience. University of Adelaidei- Unpublished PhD Thesis.\r\n[9]\tMango. (2015). Mango&#8217;s Guide to Financial Management. RetrievedFebruary16,2020,fromhttps:\/\/www.mango.org.uk\/guide\/usage\r\n[10]\tMbuya, G. J., &#038; Osodo, P. O. (2018). The Influence of Source of Funding on the Financial Sustainability of Non-Governmental OrganizationsinUasinGishu County, Kenya. \tInternational Journal of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Essays, 3 (1), 11-19.\r\n[11]\tMengesha, A., Kumar, R., &#038; Asefa, F. (2015, Jun). Assessment of Financial Management Practices in Local NGOs-A Case of Local NGOs in Addis Ababa. IFSMRC AIJRM .\r\n[12]\tMiriti, D. M. (2016). Donor Funding Practices and Financial Sustainability of Donor Aided \tProjects in the World Vision Kenya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi: MBA Report.\r\n[13]\tNGO Coordination Board. (2016). Retrieved January 22, 2020, from About Us: http:\/\/www.ngobureau.or.ke\/?page_id=13\r\n[14]\tNGO Cordination Board. (2018). Retrieved January 23, 2020, from http:\/\/www.ngobureau.or.ke\/search_intro.aspx online\r\n[15]\tNorah, K., Mbabazize, M., &#038; Shukla, J. (2015). The Effect Of Capital Budgeting Investment Decision On Organizational Performance In Rwanda. A Casestudy ofbahresa Grain \tMilling Rwanda Ltd. International Journal Of Small Business And Entrepreneurship \tResearch, 3 (5), 100-132.\r\n[16]\tNturibi, D. (2004). A case study of the integrated community care and support project in Kenya.Nairobi: Family Planning Promotion Services.\r\n[17]\tWandera, T. V., &#038; Sang, P. (2017). Financial Management Practices and Sustainability of Non Governmental Organisations Projects in Juba, South Sudan. International Journal of \tFinance (IJF), 2 (4), 38-57.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Khadijah Nabwire Majimbo, Musau Salome, &#8220;Financial Management Practices and Financial Sustainability: A Study of Donor-Funded Projects by Windle International Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.586-594 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/586-594.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/586-594.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/financial-management-practices-and-financial-sustainability-a-study-of-donor-funded-projects-by-windle-international-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Financial Management Practices and Financial Sustainability: A Study of Donor-Funded Projects by Windle International Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b0800 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97b0800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b0977 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b0977\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b0b29\" data-id=\"97b0b29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b0c84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b0c84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b0d38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b0d38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b0eaa\" data-id=\"97b0eaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b0fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b0fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Examining the Policy Implications of Massification of Higher Education in Zimbabwe, how Quality was Inevitably Compromised<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Professor G.N. Shava, S. Shonhiwa, S.J. Ngwenya, D. Moyo &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 595-603<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b1070 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b1070\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b11e2\" data-id=\"97b11e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b131a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97b131a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The United Nations\u2019 (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposal to achieve universal access to Primary  and higher education in Zimbabwe from the attainment of independence in 1980 till the beginning of the new millennium has faced unprecedented massification of higher education. Any attempt to open up the system and introducing polices of deepening and widening access to higher education seems have inevitably led to the belief that mass education will be achieved at the price of lower quality education. Notwithstanding the wide array of challenges associated with the massification of higher education, the expansion of higher education in Zimbabwe has seen a major challenge of the decline in the quality of teaching and learning. This article examines the policy implication of mass education in Zimbabwe\u2019s higher education and how it compromised the quality of higher education teaching and learning. The article adopts a qualitative paradigm, drawing on structure and agency theoretical view point to offer deeper insight into how higher education massification policies compromised the delivery of quality education in the Zimbabwean context of higher education. The article provides a detailed description of the way in which structures and agency have been constrained by the massification of higher education in Zimbabwe. The article also demonstrates how the critical realist theory of structure and agency can contribute towards a deeper understanding of mass education and quality decline.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 595-603\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Professor G.N. Shava <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> S. Shonhiwa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> S.J. Ngwenya <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBrethren Christ Church Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> D. Moyo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGlobal Institute Hospitality and Tourism, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkalu, G.A. (2016). Higher education Massification and challenges to the professoriate: do academics\u2019 conceptions of quality matter?Quality in Higher Education.Vol. 3. No 4.pp66-92, Fe.2016. available at Google Books. \r\n[2]\tAlase, A. The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach.International Journal of Education &#038; literacy studies.Vol.5 No2.April2017\r\n[3]\tAltback, P. G. 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Vol.3 pp.1561-1568\r\n[31]\tVukasovic, M.Institutionalisation of internal quality assurance: focussing on institutional work and the significance of disciplinary differences. Quality in Higher Education.2014. 20 (1) 44-63.\r\n[32]\tWorld Bank. Accelerating Catch-Up, Tertiary education for growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington.2009. DC World Bank.available at Google Scholar.\r\n[33]\tWorld Bank.Accelerating Catch-Up. Tertiary education for growth in sub-Saharan Africa.2009.Washington, DC.WorldBank.available at Google Scholar\r\n[34]\tYang, P. and Cheng, B. Student financing in Chinese higher education: New York, NY. Routledge.2013.available at Google Scholar\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Professor G.N. Shava, S. Shonhiwa, S.J. Ngwenya, D. Moyo &#8220;Examining the Policy Implications of Massification of Higher Education in Zimbabwe, how Quality was Inevitably Compromised&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.595-603 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/595-603.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/595-603.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/examining-the-policy-implications-of-massification-of-higher-education-in-zimbabwe-how-quality-was-inevitably-compromised\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Examining the Policy Implications of Massification of Higher Education in Zimbabwe, how Quality was Inevitably Compromised<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b5a47 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97b5a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b5b51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b5b51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b5ce9\" data-id=\"97b5ce9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b5e23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b5e23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b5ec9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b5ec9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b602b\" data-id=\"97b602b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b6154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b6154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b6239 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b6239\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b6391\" data-id=\"97b6391\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b64ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b64ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b6549 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b6549\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b6695\" data-id=\"97b6695\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b679d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b679d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b683f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b683f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b6990\" data-id=\"97b6990\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b6a9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b6a9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b6b35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b6b35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b6ca2\" data-id=\"97b6ca2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b6e17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b6e17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Sectoral Growth on Unemployment in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Obisike, Ndubueze Ezindu, Onwuka, Irene Nkechi, Oluwaseun B. Alade, Udeze, R. Chike &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 604-610<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b6ecb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b6ecb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b7052\" data-id=\"97b7052\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b71b6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97b71b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In every nationthe problem of unemployment is too significant to be ignored as it is necessary in assessing the level of economic activity in a country, and one of the ways with which unemployment problems can be solved is through improvements in sectoral employment. On this note studies on impact of sectoral\u2013unemployment nexus becomes apt. Hence this study examined theimpact of sectoral growth on unemployment in Nigeria from 1997 to 2019. The study adopted OLS technique of analysis and as well subjected the data set to pre-test which include ADF unit root test, co-integration test and error correction mechanism (ECM). Based on the outcomes of the pre-test the study analysis was based on short-run estimation.From the results obtained, in the model one only the GRMER sector has the tendency to reduce RUR, in model two GRMAN and GRMER sectors exerted downward pressure on UUR and in model three GDPGR exerted upward pressure on total unemployment rate in Nigeria. From the findings of the study, we therefore conclude that government should refocus on the development of the manufacturing and merchandise sectors which are the hub of industrialisation and marketing. Government should partner with local communities to acquire mass lands that could be bequeathed to beneficiaries for commercial agriculture.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 604-610\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5635<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obisike, Ndubueze Ezindu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Paul University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Onwuka, Irene Nkechi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Oluwaseun B. Alade<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Udeze, R. Chike<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Institute of Ecumenical College of Education Enugu State, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAjakaiye, Jerome, Nabena and Alaba (2016). Unemployment and economicgrowthin Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development5(4), 138-144.\r\n[2]\tApkata, A. (2018). Structural transformation and jobless growth in Nigeria.PwC Working paper.Available at www.pwc.com\/ng.\r\n[3]\tCentral Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2013). Modelling the real sector of the Nigerian economy. CBN Annual Review.\r\n[4]\tDuruel, A. &#038; Kara, M. (2016). Empirical analysis of sectoral growth and employment generation in Turkey. Asian Economic and Financial Review7(10), 1598-1608.\r\n[5]\tEnilolobo1,O.S.,Mustapha,S. A. &#038;Ikechukwu, O. P. (2019).Nexus between agriculture and unemployment in Nigeria.Journal of Economics, Management and Trade 22(5), 1-13. Article no. 46948.\r\n[6]\t    Ewubare, D. B. &#038; Obayori, J. B. (2015). The real sector performance and unemployment rate in Nigeria. British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences10(2), 183-194.\r\n[7]\tGrill and Zanalda (1995).Economic growth and the rise of service employment.NBER Working Paper No. 486.\r\n[8]\tHussian and Nadol (1997). The impact of economic growth on unemploymentinSouthAfrica:1994-2012. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 13(1), 11-23.\r\n[9]\tJonathan, Anthony &#038; Emily (2015). Macroeconomic determinants of unemployment in Nigeria.\r\n[10]\tNationalBureauofStatistics(2016). Unemployment\/underemployment watch Q1 2016. A quarterly publication of the National Bureau of Statistics, Abuja, Nigeria: Author.\r\n[11]\tNationalBureauofStatistics(2018).Presentationoflabourstatisticsbased on revised concepts and methodology for computing labour statisticsinNigeria.Availableatwww.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/pages\/download\/285.\r\n[12]\tNationalBureauofStatistics(2018).Unemployment\/underemployment watch Q1 2015. A quarterly publication of the National Bureau of Statistics. Abuja, Nigeria: Author.\r\n[13]\tNwaka, I. D., Uma, K. E. &#038; Tuna, G. (2015). Trade openness and unemployment: Empirical evidence for Nigeria. The Economic and Labour Relations Review 5, 1-20.\r\n[14]\tOgbanga, A. (2018). Agricultural development and employment generation in  Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Ecology, Development and Sustainability 5(1), 1-22.\r\n[15]\tOzughalu, U. M. &#038; Ogwumike, F. O. (2013). Can economic growth, foreign direct investment and exports provide the desired panacea to the problem of unemployment in Nigeria? Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4(1), 36 \u2013 51.\r\n[16]\tTregenna (2012). Macroeconomic variables and unemployment: The case of Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(1), 71-78.\r\n[17]\tThirlwal (1979), The effect of unemployment rate on gross domestic product: Case of South Africa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Published by MCSER-CEMAS-Sapienza UniversityofRome4(6),249\u2013434. doi:10.5901\/mjss.2013.v4n6p429.\r\n[18]\tYahaya, Y. &#038; Umar, B. (2017). Unemployment and economic growth dynamics: Evidence from business cycle model. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(7), 7-19.\r\n[19]\tYilmaz, B. (2014). Effects of economic growth, export and foreign direct investment inflows on unemployment in Turkey (2010Q1:2013Q3). International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences2(8), 1-13\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Obisike, Ndubueze Ezindu, Onwuka, Irene Nkechi, Oluwaseun B. Alade, Udeze, R. Chike, &#8220;Impact of Sectoral Growth on Unemployment in Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.604-610 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5635<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/604-610.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-sectoral-growth-on-unemployment-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Sectoral Growth on Unemployment in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b8694 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97b8694\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b8b5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b8b5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b8ce9\" data-id=\"97b8ce9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b8e13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b8e13\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b9508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b9508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b95b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b95b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b9713\" data-id=\"97b9713\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b983c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b983c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b98e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b98e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b9a68\" data-id=\"97b9a68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b9b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97b9b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment to Community Living Among Consecrated Women Religious in Karen, Nairobi, Kenya <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lucia Mwikali. K. Mutuku, Stephen Asatsa (PhD), Josephine Adibo (PhD)- June 2021 Page No.: 611-618<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97b9c57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97b9c57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97b9dd8\" data-id=\"97b9dd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b9f23 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97b9f23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic life (CICLSAL) views the issue of Consecrated Women abandoning religious life after initial stages of formation as an emotional crisis from remote disappointments caused by an inauthentic religious community living. Failure to adjust is experienced to cause anxiety related feelings among other mental health related challenges. The study used sequential explanatory mixed research design. The study equally used census to collect data from all the 138 participants of various programs in AOSK-Chem Chemi ya Uzima Institute as per 2020 enrollment. The study was guided by cognitive behavior theory by Aaron Beck, (1960), complemented by Emotional Intelligence theory by Daniel Goleman, (1995). A Modified Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (MEIQ) based on Daniel Goleman\u2019s Emotional intelligence, as modified by Suzanne Farmer et al., (c.2013) was used to measure the level of Emotional Intelligence. Adjustment to community living was measured using modified sub-scales; Emotional Maturity, Satisfaction with life, and Self-Efficacy Scales. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis in order to establish the extent to which each of the variables contributed to adjustment in community living. The findings reveal the overall Emotional Intelligence to have had a strong significant positive correlation with the overall adjustment to community living among Consecrated Women Religious. The finding implies that an increase in emotional intelligence would lead to a corresponding increase in adjustment to community living. Emotional Maturity was found to be a significant function of Self-awareness and self-management while Life satisfaction was also found to have a significant relationship with social-awareness. Linear regression findings indicate significant weak positive relationship between adjustment to community living with social awareness. This reveals that Consecrated Women Religious need to improve their relational domain to enjoy smooth adjustment to community living. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 611-618\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5636<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lucia Mwikali. K. Mutuku<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Stephen Asatsa (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Josephine Adibo (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tACWECA), (2014).  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Magisterium: Essential and Constitutive Element of the Church\u2019s Life and Mission in the light of the SecondVaticanCouncil.2432.Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.32051\/06241903.\r\n[7]\tCorey, G. (2008). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Cengage Learning\r\n[8]\tCreswell, J. W. (2014). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating  quantitative  and Qualitative research ( 4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson\r\n[9]\tEze, C, Gc Lindegger, &#038; Rakoczy, S. (2016). Power Relations Influencing Catholic Religious Sisters\u2019 Identity Construction: A Study of Inter-subjective Exchange in Religious Community Living. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(5), 104\u2013119. \r\n[10]\tEze, Chika. (2012). Identity construction of Roman Catholic religious sisters in the church in Nigeria.\r\n[11]\tIshtiaq, M. (2019). Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. English Language Teaching, 12, 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/elt.v12n5p40\r\n[12]\tJain, D. (2015). Emotional Intelligence &amp; its relationship with Life Satisfaction.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.3693.6802 \r\n[13]\tJane, M. W. (2020). Emotional Intelligence and academic self-Efficacy beliefs as predictors of academic achievement among form four students in Kiambu County, Kenya (Doctoral \r\nDissertation, School of Education, Kenyatta University).\r\n[14]\tKadiyono, A., &#038; Hafiar, H. (2017). The role of academic self-management in improvingstudents\u2019academicachievement.117\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781315166575-30\r\n[15]\t Katanani, H. (2018). Emotional Intelligence and its relation to Social and Psychological  adjustment among the Students of the University of Jordan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 52. \r\n[16]\tKumar, N., Bhati, H. &#038; Sharma, V. (2017). Counselling for community wellbeing and  happiness. Indian Journal of health and wellbeing. 8(6), 492-494.\r\n[17]\tMwathi, K. B. (2010.). Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Job Performance Among Service Providers In Rehabilitation Schools In Kenya. Journal article 159.\r\n[18]\tNewsome, L. K., &#038; Cooper, P. (2016.). International Students\u2019 Cultural and Social  Experiences  in a British University: \u201cSuch a hard life [it] is here\u201d. Journal of  international students, 21. Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 195-215. http:\/\/jistudents.org\r\n[19]\tNgari, J. M. K. (2014). Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Employee Performance in the Hotel Industry in Kenya. \r\n[20]\tOmondi, G. A. (2016). Influence Of Manager\u2019s Emotional Intelligence On Employee Job Satisfaction At The Kenya Post Office Savings Bank. 75. Thesis, University of Nairobi\r\n[21]\tSharma, M., Kumar, S., &#038; Joshi, H. L. (2012). Self-Efficacy and Adjustment among Adolescents. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 156.\r\n[22]\tSharma, S. (2019). A Co-Relational Study of Adjustment among Professional and Non-Professional Working Women with respect to Psychological Variables. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue- 1C2\r\n[23]\tSingh, S., &#038; Sharma, N. R. (2018). Self-regulation as a correlate of psychological well-being.\t Indian Journal of Health &#038; Wellbeing, 9(3), 441\u2013444. \r\n[24]\tSmieja, M., Mrozowicz-Wronska, M., &#038; Kobylinska, D. (2011). Emotional Intelligence And Emotion Regulation Strategies. Studia Psychologiczne, 49, 55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/v10167-010-0040-x\r\n[25]\tSchrein, S. (2017). Religious Life in the 21st Century: The Prospect of Refounding. By Diarmuid O\u2019Murchu . Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, \r\n[26]\t Souci, D.,Kamara, M., Nyawira, N., &#038;Grebalet, P. (2008).Yung religious association of Kenya-Survey 1996.In Religious Formation in International Communities, 6, 8-33. \r\n[27]\tSrivastava, P. S. (2018) Social adjustment problems of school going academic achievers. international journal of Academic research development.  Issue 1;  pp 164-166\r\n[28]\tSubedi, D. (2016). Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method Design as the Third Research Community of Knowledge Claim. American JournalofEducationalResearch,4,570577.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/education-4-7-10\r\n[29]\tVan Deusen, J. E. (2009). Factors influencing happiness in women religious. (Master\u2019s thesis, St. Mary University of Minnesota). \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lucia Mwikali. K. Mutuku, Stephen Asatsa (PhD), Josephine Adibo (PhD), &#8220;Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment to Community Living Among Consecrated Women Religious in Karen, Nairobi, Kenya .&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.611-618 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5636<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/611-618.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/emotional-intelligence-and-adjustment-to-community-living-among-consecrated-women-religious-in-karen-nairobi-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emotional Intelligence and Adjustment to Community Living Among Consecrated Women Religious in Karen, Nairobi, Kenya .<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97bd945 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97bd945\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97bda36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97bda36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97bdbd4\" data-id=\"97bdbd4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97bdd03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97bdd03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97bdda8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97bdda8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97bdf01\" data-id=\"97bdf01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97be011 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97be011\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97be0ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97be0ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97be207\" data-id=\"97be207\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97be32f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97be32f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97bed69 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97bed69\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c0e11\" data-id=\"97c0e11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c0f71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c0f71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c103c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c103c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c11ce\" data-id=\"97c11ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c12ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c12ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Democratic Transition or Change without Change? Critical Reflections on the Media Reform trajectory in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tongai Jonhera- June 2021 Page No.: 619-629<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c139b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c139b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c151b\" data-id=\"97c151b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c1655 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97c1655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Post-Mugabe government is confronted by a crisis of expectations.   The Zimbabwean citizenry and the world at large, expect the Emmerson Mnangagwa led \u201cnew dispensation\u201d to usher democratic reforms not only in the media sector but in all political, economic and social spheres . The  media sector is under spotlight and is certainly one of the key sectors that the international community is going to employ as a barometer, to gauge the extent to which the \u201cnew dispensation\u201d has departed from the Mugabe era human rights violations.  This paper gives therefore utilises the political economic approach and the polarised pluralist model as theoretical lenses to critically reflect on the progress,that has been made in instituting media reforms in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe.The study is based on mixed methodology comprising of qualitative in depth interviews, document analysis and an ethnographic study of the Zimbabwean media environment. In light of the findings, the paper argues that although, the Post-Mugabe government has started instituting media reforms, no meaningful progress has been made as yet. The current media environment therefore, largely depicts a continuity from the Mugabe era or what this paper has dubbed \u201cchange without change\u201d. Thus there is still need for sincerity and political will, .<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 619-629\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tongai Jonhera<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZimbabwe Open University\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlfandika,L and Gwindingwe,G(2020) The Airwaves Belong to the People:A Critical Analysis of Radio Broadcasting and Licensing in Zimbabwe,Pretoria:Unisa Press\r\n[2]\tChikakano,J.(2018) Effect of obtaining Media Laws on Media and its reportage.In Chinaka C.(Ed),Change of Guard Zimbabwe Media:Mugabeto Mnangagwa transition (PP.25-27).Harare:OSISA\r\n[3]\tChikowore,F.(2020) Zimbabwe journalist unbowed by harassment and detention,Retrieved from www.dailymaverick.co.za(access date 12 May 2020)\r\n[4]\tChikwanha, A.B.(2009) The Trajectory of Human Rights violation in Zimbabwe, Pretoria:Institute for  Security Studies\r\n[5]\tChitagu,T.P.(2018)The Dangerous Game:Relations Between  Zimbabwe\u2019s Independent Media and Zanu PF,Oxford:University of Oxford\r\n[6]\tChuma, W.(2010) Media reform under the Unity Government: A critical Assessment, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.solidarity peacetrust.org(access date 03 January 2020)\r\n[7]\tChuma,W.(2013)The state of Journalism ethics in Zimbabwe:A report produced for the Voluntary Media Council of Zimbabwe.Harare.Zimbabwe\r\n[8]\tEconomist Intelligence Unit(2018)Democracy Index 2018 Retrieved on 5 January 2020 from https:\/www.eiu.com\r\n[9]\tFreedman,D(2005) \u201c Promoting Diversity and Pluralism in contemporary communication Policies in the United States and the United Kingdom.\u201dInternational Journal on Media Management 7(1 and 2):16-23 https:\/\/ doi.org\/1080\/14241277.2005.9669413\r\n[10]\tGolding,P and Murdock,G.(2005)Culture,Communications and Political Economy.In Curran,James,Gurevitch,Michael(Eds),Mass Media and Society,4th edition,London:Hodder and Arnold\r\n[11]\tGovernment of Zimbabwe Office of the President and  Cabinet(2 July 2020) AIPPA scrapped\u2026 New Freedom of Information Bill signed into Law,Retrieved from www.theopc.gov.zim (access date 12 May 2021)\r\n[12]\tHallini,DandMancini,P(Eds)(2004)Comparingmediasystems:Three models of media and politics,Cambridge:Cambridge Press University Chronicle(18 January 2019) Bulawayo:Zimpapers Globalvoices.org(accessed 6 January 2020)\r\n[13]\tHerald (16 October 2018) Harare:Zimpapers\r\n[14]\tHerald (14 February 2019) Harare:Zimpapers\r\n[15]\t(Herald (3January 2020) Harare: Zimpapers\r\n[16]\tHoltz \u2013 Bacha, C.(2004) What is good Press Freedom?The difficulty of measuring freedom of press worldwide, Porto Alegre:NAMCR\r\n[17]\thttp:\/\/www.afp.com(accessed 6 January 2020)\r\n[18]\thttp:\/\/veritaszim.net(accessed 3 January 2020)\r\n[19]\thttps:\/\/www.techzim.co.zw(accessed 3 January 2020)\r\n[20]\thttp:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/documents\/idhr(accessed 3 January 2020)\r\n[21]\thttps:\/\/zimbabwe.misa.org (accessed 5 January 2020)\r\n[22]\thttps:\/\/zimbabwe.misa.org.(accessed 24 April 2020)\r\n[23]\tManganga, K. (2012) \u2018The Internet as Public Sphere: A Zimbabwean Case Study (1999 \u2013 2008)\u2019, Africa Development XXXVII(1):103-18\r\n[24]\tMasuku,J.(2019) Community Radio Take off in Zimbabwe:Delayed Indefinitely?,Budapest:Central European University\r\n[25]\tMavhunga,C.(2020) Critics Decry Zimbabwe\u2019s Press Freedom Failures,Retrieved from www.voanews.com(access date 11 May 2021)\r\n[26]\tMcChesney,R.W.(1952)The Political economy of media:enduring issues,emerging dilemmas.Monthly Review Press\r\n[27]\tMcCorley, C.(2016) Social media is emboldening young Zimbabweans to finally stand up to Mugabe, Sussex: University of Sussex\r\n[28]\tMoyo, J.(2020) Zimbabwe regime issues television broadcasting licenses,Retrieved from www.aa.com.tr(access date 11 May 2021)\r\n[29]\tMuneri,C.T.(2012)Negotiating Cultural Identity in the struggle for DemocracyinZimbabwe:Post-colonial transitions and endurance.A dissertation in the partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Communication at the University of New Mexico,Albuquerque,New Mexico,July 2012\r\n[30]\tNcube, N (2018) Reflection on Reportage during the transitional period: Factors that influenced journalists and editors stance on issues.  In Chinaka (Ed), change of Guard Zimbabwe Media : Mugabe to Mnangagwa transition (PP.4-6). Harare : OSISA\r\n[31]\tNewsday (26 April 2019) Harare: Alpha Media Holdings\r\n[32]\tNewsday (19 July 2019) Harare : Alpha Media Holdings\r\n[33]\tNyamutumbu, N (2018) Media Structures and news production.  In Chinaka (Ed), Change of Guard Zimbabwe Media : Mugabe to Mnangagwa transition (PP.25-27). Harare : OSISA\r\n[34]\tSaunders, R.(1999) Dancing out of Tune: A History of the Media in Zimbabwe, Harare : Edwina Spicer Productions\r\n[35]\tObadare, E. (2005) The GSM boycott: civil society big business and the state in Nigeria.  Civil Society working paper series, 23, centre for civil society, London \u201cSchool of Economics and Political Science\r\n[36]\tReporters without Borders,RSF.(2019).World Press Freedom Index,2019.Retrieved5January2020fromhttps:\/\/rsf.org\/en\/zimbabwe\r\n[37]\tWhite,R.A.,and Mabweazara,H.M.(2018)African Journalism Cultures:The Struggle for Free Expression Against Neo-Patrimonial Governance.In Newsmaking Cultures in Africa,53-76.London:Palgrave Macmillan\r\n[38]\tWorld Report : Zimbabwe Human Rights Watch (2019) New York : Human Rights Watch\r\n[39]\twww.dailynews.co.zw (accessed 6 January 2020)\r\n[40]\twww.pindula.org (accessed 3 January 2020)\r\n[41]\twww.zimfact.org (accessed 3 January 2020)\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tongai Jonhera, &#8220;Democratic Transition or Change without Change? Critical Reflections on the Media Reform trajectory in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.619-629 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/619-629.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/619-629.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/democratic-transition-or-change-without-change-critical-reflections-on-the-media-reform-trajectory-in-post-mugabe-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Democratic Transition or Change without Change? Critical Reflections on the Media Reform trajectory in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c2516 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97c2516\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c294e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c294e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c2a99\" data-id=\"97c2a99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c2bae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c2bae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c2c4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c2c4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c2da5\" data-id=\"97c2da5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c2eab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c2eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c2f4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c2f4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c308f\" data-id=\"97c308f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c31a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c31a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c323b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c323b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c33b0\" data-id=\"97c33b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c8404 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c8404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Diversity of Empty Nest Response Among Spouses<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Ivy Royo Go &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 630-638<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c8522 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c8522\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c86ed\" data-id=\"97c86ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c883d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97c883d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The objective of this study is to validate the third proposition of the Empty Nest Perspective Theory, which is, \u201cResponses to empty nest stage differ among spouses.\u201d This study utilized a qualitative multiple case study approach. A multiple case study enables the researcher to analyze within each and across sets. Several cases are examined to understand the similarities and differences between cases in a multiple case study. After the analysis of data utilizing qualitative content analysis method, four themes emerged: 1.) Adjustment; 2.) Coping; 3.) Not so empty nest: Keeping in touch with children, 4.) Conquering Loneliness: Strengthening relationships and exploring new roles. Response to empty nest among elderly couples is a combination of negative and positive responses. There is excitement seeing their children moving forward in life and negative emotions like grief, and loneliness. Responses may be diverse yet complement each other. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 630-638\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ivy Royo Go<\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University, Philippines\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAhlborg, T., Misvaer, N., &#038; Moller, A. (2009).Perception of marital quality by parents with small children: A follow up study when the firstborn is 4 years old. Journal of Family Nursing. 15, 237-263.\r\n[2]\tBarber, C. E. (1980). Transition to the empty nest from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net on September 10, 2017.\r\n[3]\tBack, (1971). Culture and Family: Problems and Therapy from https:\/\/books.google.com.ph on December 18, 2017.\r\n[4]\tBerg, B.L. (2001). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.\r\n[5]\tBradbury, T.N., Fincham, F. D., &#038; Beach, S. R. (2000). Research on the nature and determinant of marital satisfaction: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 964-980.\r\n[6]\tCalasanti, T. &#038; Kiecolt, K. J. (2007).Diversity among late-life couples. Generations, 31, 10-17.\r\n[7]\tCensus of Population (2015). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay (Report). PSA, Retrieved June 20, 2016 from https:\/\/www.en.m.wikipedia.org on September 3, 2016\r\n[8]\tDavey, A. &#038; Szinovacz, M. E. (2004). Dimensions of marital quality and retirement. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 431-464.\r\n[9]\tDavidson, K. (2006). Flying solo in old age: Widowed and divorced men and women in later life. In J. Vincent, C. Phillipson, &#038; M. Downs (Eds.).The futureof old age. London: Sage.\r\n[10]\tEmpty Nest Syndrome.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Retrievedf rom:https:\/\/www.Psychologytoday.com. Retrieved on: April, 18, 2017. \r\n[11]\tErickson, J. J., Martinengo, G., &#038; Hill, E. J. (2010). Putting work and family experiences in context: Differences by family life stage. Human Relations, 63, 955-979.\r\n[12]\tGo, I. R. (2018c). The Empty Nest Perspective Theory.  Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University: Cebu City, Philippines  \r\n[13]\tGierveld, J. D. J., vanGrownou, M. B., Hoogendoorn, A. W., &#038; Smith, J. H(2009). Quality of marriage in later life and emotional and social loneliness. \tJournal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences Social Sciences , 64B, 497-506.\r\n[14]\tHagedorn, M., Van Yperen, N. W., Coyne, J. C., van Jaarsveld, C. H. Ranchor,A. V., van Sonderen, E., &#038; Sanderman, R. (2006). Does Marriage Protect Older People From Distress? The Role of Equity and Recency of Bereavement. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 611-620.\r\n[15]\tHsieh, H.F. &#038; Shannon, S. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualittaive Health Research 15, 1277-1288.  \r\n[16]\tKaufman, G. &#038; Taniguchi, H. (2006).Gender and marital happiness in later life.Journal of Family Issues, 27, 735-757.\r\n[17]\tKasper, R. (2004). Technology and loneliness in old age. German Centre for Research on Aging at the University of Heidelberg. Vol 3. \r\n[18]\tKitson, G. C. (1982). Attachment to the spouse in divorce: A scale and its application. J. Marriage Family, 44: 379-393.\r\n[19]\tLowenthal, M. F. &#038; Chiboga, D. (1972). Transition to the empty nest. Crisis, challenge,or relief? from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov on October 13, 2017. \r\n[20]\tParker, O.(2016). Our nest is empty. Now what? Retrieved from: \r\nwww.telegraph.co.uk on September 18, 2017. \r\n[21]\tPatton, M.Q.(2002).Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.\r\n[22]\tPolit, D. And  and Beck, C. T.  (2004). Nursing Research: Principles and Methods 7th Ediiton.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia\r\n[23]\tRiley (1978). Handbook of Marriage and the Family. fromhttps:\/\/books.google.com.ph on November 28, 2017.\r\n[24]\tRobles, T. F. &#038; Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2003). The physiology of marriage: \tPathways to health. Physiology and Behavior, 79, 409-416. \r\n[25]\tSanders, C. (2003). Application of Colaizzi\u2019s method: Interpretation of an \tauditabledecision trail by a novice researcher. Contemporary Nurse \tJournal, 14(3) 292-302.\r\n[26]\tUmberson, D. &#038; Williams, K. (2005). Marital quality, health and aging: Gender equity? Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 60B, 109-113. \r\n[27]\tWhite, I.&#038; Edwards, J.T. (1990). \u201cEmptying the Nest and Parental Well-being: An Analysis of National Panel Data.\u201d American Sociological Review 55 (2): \t235-242. \r\n[28]\tYin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Ivy Royo Go &#8220;Diversity of Empty Nest Response Among Spouses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.630-638 June 2021\u00a0 DOI : https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/630-638.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/630-638.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/diversity-of-empty-nest-response-among-spouses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Diversity of Empty Nest Response Among Spouses<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c9697 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97c9697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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data-id=\"97c9923\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c9a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c9a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c9af7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c9af7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c9c47\" data-id=\"97c9c47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c9d55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c9d55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97c9e25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97c9e25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97c9f88\" data-id=\"97c9f88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ca09b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ca09b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ca13a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ca13a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ca2aa\" data-id=\"97ca2aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ca3ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ca3ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legal Standards Governing Data Protection in Europe and Potential Sources of Legal Transplants in Macau SAR<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>M.P.Ramaswamy- June 2021 Page No.: 639-650<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ca45e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ca45e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ca5b5\" data-id=\"97ca5b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ca6df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97ca6df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In the past, both Hong Kong and Macau SARs have been influenced by the legal traditions of European origin. Since the establishment of the two SARs, how normative developments in these two jurisdictions compare with the evolution of specific legal standards in Europe continue to interest academic scholars and legal professionals. This paper aims to analyse the evolution of data protection standards in Europe and examine how its more recent transformation seeks to extend its regulatory reach upon data transfers beyond its borders. The paper will examine the European GDPR closely to determine its unique characteristics, which has the potential to drive the formation of data protection legal standards in other jurisdictions. Being one of the jurisdictions that has been influenced by certain European legal traditions in the past, Macau SAR\u2019s interest in assessing the relevance of European data protection standards as a potential source of legal transplants in developing the domestic regulatory framework is natural. Therefore, the paper will examine how the Macau domestic legal standards governing the protection of personal data have been influenced by European standards. It will also examine the potential of the GDPR standards as a source of influence for the future development of data protection standards in Macau. The paper concludes with an argument that beyond any comparative analysis with other regional experiences like the European GDPR, Macau SAR should consciously seek to increase harmonisation of its data protection regimes viz a viz other international and regional markets like the PRC and Hong Kong SAR to facilitate the aspiration of the regional economic integration in the Greater Bay Area in southern China.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 639-650\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5637\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5637<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M.P.Ramaswamy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Macau, Macau SAR\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">References are not available\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">M.P.Ramaswamy, &#8220;Legal Standards Governing Data Protection in Europe and Potential Sources of Legal Transplants in Macau SAR&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.639-650 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5637<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/639-650.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-standards-governing-data-protection-in-europe-and-potential-sources-of-legal-transplants-in-macau-sar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Legal Standards Governing Data Protection in Europe and Potential Sources of Legal Transplants in Macau SAR<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cc2f5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97cc2f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cc3ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cc3ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cc57c\" data-id=\"97cc57c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cc6ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cc6ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cc75f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cc75f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cc8bb\" data-id=\"97cc8bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cc9d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cc9d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cca74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cca74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ccbcb\" data-id=\"97ccbcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ccd06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ccd06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ccdad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ccdad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ccefb\" data-id=\"97ccefb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cd009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cd009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cd0b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cd0b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cd227\" data-id=\"97cd227\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cd341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cd341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Gas Production on Economic Growth in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Eze Chikodili, Okoli, Uju Victoria, Onugha Chinwendu Benedette- June 2021 Page No.: 651-658<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cd3e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cd3e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cd561\" data-id=\"97cd561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cd688 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97cd688\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study attempts to examine the impact of gas production on economic growth in Nigeria from 1985-2020. The objective of the study broadly is to determine the impact of gas production growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria. In a bid to ascertain the impact of gas utilization growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria and determine the impact of gas flared growth rate on economic growth rate in Nigeria, Secondary data were collected based on the model used in the research work, through the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as estimation technique. As required of time series data Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) for stationarity test, that is unit root test was conducted on the data and the variables were stationary at level form I(0), after which Johansen co-integration test was conducted and the variables were co-integrated showing evidence of long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Level form I(0) stationarity indicates short run instability, as a result the study analysis is based on long run analysis. The result obtained from empirical analysis shows that there exist 47% goodness of fit between the dependent and independent variables. Economically, Growth Rate of Gas Utilized (GRGU) and Growth Rate of Gas Flared(GRGF) confirmed to a priori expectation. Statistically, GRGU and GRGF were positively significant and the overall statistical test indicates positive significant relationship. By implication GRGU and GRGF is favorable to the Nigerian economy. This study recommended that the government should set a benchmark for gas production efficiency and withdraw license from companies that failed to comply. There should be proper accountability, transparency and sell-off of compromise and Corrupt practices by adhering to economic rationalities rather than political expediencies.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 651-658\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eze Chikodili<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics,University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.\r\n \r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Okoli, Uju Victoria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Onugha Chinwendu Benedette<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkinsola, A., and Adeoye, E. (2013). Investigates the relationship between air pollution, energy consumption and economic growth. Journal of Sustainable development studies, 2(2),242-257 \r\n[2]\tAli, G. A., and Heo, G. (2014). Efficiency in Domestic gas production and utilization for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria: policy, institutional frameworks and strategy options, in A.Adenikinju, A.Iwayemi and W.Iledare,eds, energy access for economic development, 2014 NAEE\/IAEE Proceedings ( pp 850-864). Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n[3]\tAwan, A.G.(2014). Relationship between Environment and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria: A theoretical approach to environmental problems International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2014, 3(3):741-761\r\n[4]\tBabalola,O., and Yewande, S. (2014). An evaluation of the Nigerian oil sector: policy, institutional frameworks and strategy options, in A.Adenikinju, A.Iwayemi and W.Iledare,eds, energy access for economic development, 2014 NAEE\/IAEE Proceedings (pp 106-126). Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n[5]\tBabatope,o., Taiwo, A., and Patrick, O. (2012). Gas flaring in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Global journal of politics and law research Vol.5, No.1, pp.16-28, March 2017 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org)\r\n[6]\tIkechukwu, A. D., Mukalia, A. I., Mohammed, M., and Ashem, E. E. (2013). The effect of gas production, utilization, and flaring on the Economic Growth of Nigeria. Journal of Natural Resources and Scientific research, 4(2), 341-348.\r\n[7]\tJhingan, M.L.(Ed.). ( 2006). The economics of development and planning. New Delhi, India: VRINDA Publication (P) India.\r\n[8]\tNNPC (2015) Annual Statistical Bulletin Nigerian National Corporation \r\n[9]\tOluwasola,E.O (2014). Can clean coal technology mitigate greenhouse gas emissions? Insights from research and implications for policy: policy, institutional frameworks and strategy options, in A.Adenikinju, A.Iwayemi and W.Iledare,eds, energy access for economic development, 2014 NAEE\/IAEE Proceedings ( pp 620-629). Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n[10]\tYewande, S. and Omowumi, O. (2014). Impact of PIB 2012 on liquefied Natural gas projects in Nigeria: policy, institutional frameworks and strategy options, in A.Adenikinju, A.Iwayemi and W.Iledare,eds, energy access for economic development, 2014 NAEE\/IAEE Proceedings ( pp 725-741). Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Eze Chikodili, Okoli, Uju Victoria, Onugha Chinwendu Benedette, &#8220;Impact of Gas Production on Economic Growth in Nigeria &#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.651-658 June 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/651-658.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/651-658.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-gas-production-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Gas Production on Economic Growth in Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ce7a6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97ce7a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ce8c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ce8c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ced76\" data-id=\"97ced76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cee91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cee91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cef30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cef30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cf09c\" data-id=\"97cf09c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cf1ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cf1ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cf253 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cf253\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cf3a0\" data-id=\"97cf3a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cf4ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cf4ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cf55a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cf55a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cf6bb\" data-id=\"97cf6bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cf7c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97cf7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implementation of quality Assurance Standards in Zimbabwean context of Higher Education: What are the challenges?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>GN Shava, M Sithole, H Moyo, N Mupezeni &#8211; June 2021 Page No.: 659-668<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97cf86b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97cf86b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97cf9e1\" data-id=\"97cf9e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97cfb19 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97cfb19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Higher and tertiary education is essential for economic and political development of a country and is vital to competitiveness in an increasing globalizing knowledge society. Quality Assurance (QA) in higher education is a wide subject and during the last decade, it has been given great attention. Since the implementation of the Bologna process in 1999, QA in higher education has been one of the main concerns. Quality culture has become a widespread concept in Zimbabwean higher education context of QA for the past years. In Zimbabwe and perhaps the entire African region, structured national QA processes in higher education are a very recent phenomenon and where these structures have been established, institutions face major capacity constraints. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges of implementing QA in the Zimbabwean context of higher education. The study reports on the experiences of academics in implementing QA in two universities in Zimbabwe.  From the study, it was shown that there concerns about the quality of higher education in Zimbabwe are on the rise and the major challenges where highlighted.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 659-668\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>GN Shava<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M Sithole<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>H Moyo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>N Mupezeni<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAkalu, G. 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(2013).Methodological Thinking, Basic principles of social research design. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage.\r\n[20]\tMateru, P. (2007) Higher Education Quality Assurance in Sub-Saharan Africa, status, challenges, opportunities and promising practices. World Bank of Working Paper No 124.World Bank Washington DC\r\n[21]\tMohamedbhai, G. (2008). The effects of Massification on Higher Education in Africa (Accra, Association of African Universities).\r\n[22]\tMohamedbhai, G. (2014).  Massification in Higher Education Institutions in Africa: Cases, consequences and response: International Journal of Higher Education, 1(1). Pp.59-83.\r\n[23]\tMokhlar, S.S.M., Abdullah, N.A.H., Kardi, N. and Yacob, M.I. (2013). Sustaining a Quality Management System: Process, issues and challenges, Business Strategy Series, Vol. 14 issue4 pp 123-130\r\n[24]\tNewton, J. (2010). A Tele of two qualLincoln, Y.S. &#038; Guba, E.G. 2000. Epistemological and methodological bases for naturalistic inquiry. London: Sage.\r\n[25]\tity\u2019s; reflections on the quality revolution in higher education: Quality in Higher Education 16(1). Pp51-53\r\n[26]\tOdhiambo, G.O. (2011). Higher education quality in Kenya: a critical reflection of key challenges: Quality in Higher Education, 17(3) pp. 299-315\r\n[27]\tOkabukola,P. (2004) Quality Assurance in Nigerian Universities.Ngeria University System Chronicle. A Quarterly Publication of National Universities Commission, 12 (1)\r\n[28]\tOmoregie, N. (2005) Quality Assurance in Education Studies 8(2005) 128-134\r\n[29]\tRezic, S., Majstorovic, V. &#038; Tomic,D. (2010) Strategic Management of University Based on Quality system.14th International Research\/ Expert Conference. Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology, TMT.Meditarranean Cruise, 11-18 September\r\n[30]\tRosa, MJ. And Armarral, A. (2007). A Self-Assessment of Higher Education Institutions from the Perspective of the EFQM Excellence Model, Dordrecht Springer London.\r\n[31]\tRyan, P. (2015).Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Review of Literature Academic Quality and Accreditation: Vol.5, No 4\r\n[32]\tShabani, J. (2006).Higher Education in French Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa. UNESCO, Harare Cluster Office Zimbabwe.\r\n[33]\tTeferra, D. (2015). Africa is troika conundrums: expansion, consolidation, and under employment? International Higher Education, 80p.18\r\n[34]\tTrow, M. (2005). From Mass Higher Education to Universal Access. The American Advantage. Research and Occasional Paper Service. (UC -Berkley, Centre for Studies in Higher Education.\r\n[35]\tUnited Nations, (WEF) (2015).Transforming our world, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A\/RES\/70\/1. New York: United Nations.\r\n[36]\tVlascean, L., Gruenberg, l. and Parlea, D. (2007). Quality assurance and distance education: A review of literature. Quality assurance in higher education, (pp.1-20) Vancouver, B.C: The Commonwealth of learning.\r\n[37]\tVlasceanu, L., Grunbergh, L. and Parlea, D. (2007) Quality assurance and accreditation: a glossary of basic terms and definitions.Bucharest:UNESCO-CEPES.Retrievedfrom:http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001346\/134621e.pdf\r\n[38]\tVukasovic, M. (2014). Institutionalization of internal quality assurance: focusing on institutional work and the significance disciplinary differences: Quality in Higher Education, 20(1) pp.44 -63.\r\n[39]\tWatty, K. (2003). When will Academics Learn about Quality? Quality in Higher Education, Vol. 9. No 3\r\n[40]\tWoodhouse, D. (2004). The quality of quality assurance agencies: Quality in higher Education, 10(2) pp77-87.\r\n[41]\tWorld Bank, (2002). Constructing Knowledge Societies; New Challenges for tertiary education. Washington, DC. World Bank.\r\n[42]\tWorld Bank, (2007). Cross-border tertiary education. A way towards capacity development. Online Learning Consortium (OLC) (2014) Retrieved from http:\/\/onlinelearningconsortium.org\/.\r\n[43]\tWorld Bank, (2009) Accelerating catch-up. Tertiary education for growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC World Bank \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">GN Shava, M Sithole, H Moyo, N Mupezeni &#8220;Implementation of quality Assurance Standards in Zimbabwean context of Higher Education: What are the challenges?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.659-668 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/659-668.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97d0c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d0d82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d0d82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d101c\" data-id=\"97d101c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d119a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d119a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d125e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d125e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d1418\" data-id=\"97d1418\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d1552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d1552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Local Government and Its Development Capabilities in Nigeria: A Study of Nassarawa Local Government<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mohammed Bello- June 2021 Page No.: 669-678<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d1608 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d1608\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d17b5\" data-id=\"97d17b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d1ad9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97d1ad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The paper examined Local Government and its development capabilities in Nassarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. The theoretical framework for this paper is anchored on Amartya Sen\u2019s capability approach. The first clarification that needs to be made is to ask whether the capability approach is a well-defined theory, or something broader, like a paradigm. In its most broad form, the capability approach can indeed be considered to be a paradigm. However, not everyone uses it as such. It could help to distinguish between three different levels at which the capability approach is operating: first, as a framework of thought for the evaluation of individual advantage and social arrangements. Second, as a critique of other approaches to the evaluation of well-being and justice. Third, as a formula or algorithm to make interpersonal comparisons of welfare or well-being. The capability approach is primarily and mainly a framework of thought, a mode of thinking about normative issues, hence \u2013 loosely defined \u2013 a paradigm. Sen has stressed that the capability approach can be used for a wide range of purposes (Sen, 1993). What does it mean to see the capability approach as a general framework of thought for the assessment of individual advantage and social arrangements? The capability approach focuses on the information that we need to make judgments about individual well-being, social policies, and so forth, and consequently rejects alternative approaches that it considers normatively inadequate, for example when an evaluation is done exclusively in monetary terms. The paper utilized primary data collected from a sample of 267 respondents using self-administered questionnaire, descriptive statistical technique using simple percentage presented in form of table and chart was employed to analyze the data collected. The paper revealed that Nassarawa Local Government has the capability to act and commit, that Nassarawa Local Government deliver on development projects; that Nassarawa Local Government has the capability to relate with external stakeholders, and that Nassarawa Local Government adapt and self-renew. The paper, therefore recommends; that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to act and commit by ensuring that it effectively able to make decisions and commitments on viable policies that will improve the development capabilities of the Local Government, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to deliver on development projects by ensuring that the local government have sufficient and capable staff; clear organizational responsibilities; adequate financial resources; and effective administrative mechanisms in place, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on its capability to adapt and self-renew by regularly monitoring and evaluating the progress made on its development objectives, and encourage internal learning and reflection, that the Nassarawa Local Government should improve on her capability to relate with external stakeholders by adopting the policy of Public-Private Partnership as well as establishing a cordial relationship with NGs and international organizations.  <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 669-678\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5638<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Bello<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of History, Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAdemalekun .L. (1979) The New Local System in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects for \tImplementation \r\n[2]\tAmin, M. E. (2005). Social science research: Conception, methodology and analysis. \tKampala: Makerere University Printery.\r\n[3]\tAsaju, K. (2010). Local Government autonomy in Nigeria: Politics and challenges of the \t1999 constitution. International Journal of Advanced Legal Studies and Governance Vol.1  \tNo.1, April 2010\r\n[4]\tBenjamin, C. (2002). The nature and accumulation of organizationalcompetences\/capabilities.\tRevista Brasileira de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o     Vol. 1     N\u00famero 2     Julho \/ Dezembro  2002\r\n[5]\tBenjamin, S. A. (1998). Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: its Implications for the \tFederal Structure. Ibadan,\r\n[6]\tBlair, G. S. (1977). Government at the Grassroots.California, Palisades Publishers.\r\n[7]\tCollins C. (1961) On Human Communication New York, New York Wiley Ejiofor, L.U. (1981) \tCapability Analysis of Political System, Unpublished Mimeograph, U.N.N.\r\n[8]\tDoho, A. W., Ahmed, A., &#038; Umar, A. (2018). Local Government Autonomy In Nigeria: Struggles \tAnd Challenges. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(5) 44-51.\r\n[9]\tFederal Republic of Nigeria, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1979.\r\n[10]\tGboyega, A. (1987). Political Values and Local Government in Nigeria.Lagos, Malthouse Press \tLtd.\r\n[11]\tHans, B. and Jamie, B. (2015).Improving local government performance by strengthening their \t5 core capabilities.Hague, May 2015.\r\n[12]\tIngrid, R. (2003). The capability approach: An interdisciplinary introduction. Revised version 9 \tDecember 2003\r\n[13]\tJohnsen, \u00c5. (1999). Performance measurement in Local Government (Norwegian School of \tEconomics and Business Administration).\r\n[14]\tKaka, E. B. (2018).Decentralization of Local Government and rural development in Rivers \tState, Nigeria (Walden University).\r\n[15]\tManyi, E. E. (2007). Local Governments and rural development : A case study ofBuea in \tCameroon (University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway).\r\n[16]\tMyrdal G. (1955) Local Government London English University Press P.9\r\n[17]\tNigeria Union of Local Government Employees (2003). A Position Paper Presented at \tCONFAB, Abuja(Unpublished).\r\n[18]\tNkong, E.E (1977) Evaluating Development The Case of Western Niger. I Hesha, Wesha Press \tand Sons Nig. Ltd Ilesha.\r\n[19]\tOduro-Ofori, E. (2011). The role of Local Government in local economic development promotion \tat the district level in Ghana: A Study of the Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Assembly (Technical \tUniversity ofDortmund, Germany)\r\n[20]\tOkoli E. (1998) National Conference on The New Local Government System in Nigeria. Pirages, \tD.(1976) Managing Conflict, Nelson Publisher Enugu.\r\n[21]\tOla, R. F. (1984). Local Administration in Nigeria.London, Kegan Paul International.\r\n[22]\tOni, S. and Joshua, S. (2014). The legislature and representative democracy in the Local \tGovernment system of Nigeria\u2019s fourth republic.Journal of Sustainable Development in   Africa (Volume 16, No.2, 2014)\r\n[23]\tOtoghile, A. and Edigin, L. U. (2011).Local government administration and development: A \tsurvey of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. An International Multi-\tDisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia; Vol. 5 (3), Serial No. 20, May 2011\r\n[24]\tRodney W. (1972) How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London, Bog L.L Overture \tPublication, P 10\r\n[25]\tSalahudeenHajarat (2018) Analysis of Accessibility and Distribution of Domestic Water Supply \tin Nassarawa Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. ATBU, Journal of Science, \tTechnology &#038; Education (JOSTE); Vol. 6(2)\r\n[26]\tSokar, A.P. (1978). Bringing the government closer to the people, myth or reality: The military \tand local government in TW Land, 1966-1979.Unpublished M Sc thesis.\r\n[27]\tTodaro, M.P. (1981). Economic development in the third world. Second Edition, Longman, 1981\r\n[28]\tYoung O. (1968) System of Political Science New Jersey Prensi Hall Inc, P.29.The Ash Ridge \tConference on Social Development. (1954) Colonial Office Miscellaneous No. 523.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammed Bello &#8220;Local Government and Its Development Capabilities in Nigeria: A Study of Nassarawa Local Government&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.669-678 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5638<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/669-678.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/local-government-and-its-development-capabilities-in-nigeria-a-study-of-nassarawa-local-government\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Local Government and Its Development Capabilities in Nigeria: A Study of Nassarawa Local Government<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d4228 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97d4228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d47e6\" data-id=\"97d47e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d4902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d4902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d499f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d4cb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d4e1c\" data-id=\"97d4e1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d4f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d4f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d4fd8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d4fd8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d5131\" data-id=\"97d5131\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d524a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d524a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d52e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d52e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d5439\" data-id=\"97d5439\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d5541 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d5541\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d55e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d55e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d574e\" data-id=\"97d574e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d5863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d5863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Achieving quality and education for sustainable development in higher education management the Zimbabwean experiences<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>GN Shava, S Ndlovu, E Mathonsi, S Hleza, N Tshuma- June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 679-689<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d58ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d58ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d5a89\" data-id=\"97d5a89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d5bfe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97d5bfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The African continent continues to support UNESCO\u2019s and United Nations Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) lifelong efforts of deepening and widening access to higher education extending to distance education initiatives. Sustainable development in education is understood as the provision of quality and prosperous education, which is sustainable for the environment and has become the world\u2019s first and most important concern, as it is the only path towards economic development, eradication of hunger and survival of our species. Sustainable quality education entails the acquisition of both physical and intellectual skills which will enable individuals to be self- reliant and useful members of society. Education for sustainable development encompasses improving higher education, reorienting the education system to address sustainability, improving awareness and providing training to many sectors of society. The rapid growth of higher education in Zimbabwe seems to inevitably lead to the belief that mass higher education has been achieved at the price of lower quality higher education. Using semi structured face to face interviews with higher education directors, and purposely selected students from three universities, the study established that Zimbabwe was still facing multiple challenges of providing quality sustainable higher education and would require a quick fix.  In this study we argue that quality higher education is crucial to achieve the sustainable development goals and the achievement of quality learning in the entire education system. The chapter highlights some of the strategies that can be adopted to achieve sustainable quality higher education in Zimbabwe and probably Africa as a whole to promote excellence, sustainability and development in higher education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 679-689\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>GN Shava <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, P.O Box 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> S Ndlovu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, P.O Box 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> E Mathonsi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, P.O Box 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> S Hleza <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, P.O Box 939, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>N Tshuma <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMidlands State University, Faculty of Business Sciences, Gweru, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAddey, C. (2017). Golden relics &#038; historical standards; How the OECD is expanding global education governance through PISA for Development. Critical Studies in Education, 58(3), 311-325.\r\n[2]\tArcher, M. S. (1995). Realist socialist theory. The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge: \r\n[3]\tArcher, M. S. (1996). Culture and agency. The place of culture in social theory.  Cambridge.  Cambridge University Press.\r\n[4]\tArcher, M. S. (2003). Structure, agency and the internal conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press\r\n[5]\tBernard, H.R (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. (3rd ed) Wanutcreek, CA: Altamira Press.\r\n[6]\tBoeren, E. (2019). Understanding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)4 on quality education from micro, meso and macro perspectives. International Review of Education (2019) 65:277-294 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11159-019-9772-7\r\n[7]\tBoeren, E., Whittaker,S., &#038;Riddell. S. (2017). Provision of seven types of education for (disadvantaged) adults in ten countries: Overview and cross-country comparison. Brussels: European Commission.\r\n[8]\tBougley, C. (2012). Significance of structure, cultured agency in supporting and developing students learning at South African universities: available at http:\/\/rhodes.za.academia.edu\/chrissieboughey\/papers4462.zaacademia.Edu\/chrissie Bonghey\/\r\n[9]\tBourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. A social critique of the judgement of taste. London: Rutledge. \r\n[10]\tCarlos, B.P., Alexandre, P.C &#038;Roman, R.R. (2019). Education for the Future: Empowering the Human Mind and Redefining Values and Citizenship in the Age of Technological Disruption.  Promising in thought that leads to Action:  Cadmus Journal Vol 3 Issue (6) 129-147\r\n[11]\tCreswell, J.W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: London, Sage Publications.\r\n[12]\tGabay, C.(2015). Special forum on the millennium development goals: Introduction. Globalizations. 12(4) 576-580\r\n[13]\tGiddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Outlines of the theory of structuration. Cambridge. Blackwell\/ Polity Press.\r\n[14]\tHamilton, M (2017). How international large-scale skills assessments engage with national actors; Mobilising networks through policy, media and public knowledge Critical Studies in Education, 58(3), 280-294\r\n[15]\tHanushek, EA., and Wossmann, L. (2007). The role of Education Quality in Economic Growth. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No 4122. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.\r\n[16]\tHenning, E., W. Van Rensburg and Smit, B. (2004). Finding your way in qualitative research. Pretoria: JL Van Schaik.\r\n[17]\tLincoln, Y.S., and Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\r\n[18]\tNational Council of Teacher Education (1998) National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education. New Delhi NCERT\r\n[19]\tOziga, I. (2012). Governing knowledge: Data, inspection and education policy in Europe. Globalization, Societies and Education 10(4), 439-455\r\n[20]\tPalmer, E. (2015). Introduction: The sustainable development goals forum. Journal of Global Ethics. 11(1), 3-9\r\n[21]\tPalmer, E. (2015). Introduction: The sustainable development goals forum. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(1) 3-9\r\n[22]\tPanetta, K.&#038; Williams, K. (2018). Count girls in Empowering girls to combine any interests with stem to open up a world of opportunity. Chicago Review Press\r\n[23]\tShava, G.N., Nkengbeza,D., Ntabi., M.L., and Maemeko, E.L. (2016). Challenges of achieving quality teacher education: the case of secondary teacher education  colleges in Zimbabwe. Journal of Innovative and Applied Research (2016). Vol 4 Issue (6): 35-44\r\n[24]\tSilverman, D. (2014). Interpreting Qualitative data. London. Sage Publications\r\n[25]\tUN (United Nations). (2000). United Nations millennium declaration. A\/RES\/55\/2. New York: United Nations. Retrieved May 2019. From http:\/\/www.un.documents.net\/a55r2.htm.\r\n[26]\tUNESCO (2004) Education for All: The Quality Imperative, EFA Global Monitoring Report, UNESCO Paris\r\n[27]\tUNESCO (2017a). Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning objectives. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved March 2019 from:http:\/\/www.unesco.deult\/sites\/ default 2018-08\/ unesco-education-for sustainable development goals.. pdf\r\n[28]\tUNESCO (2017b). Accountability in education: Meeting our commitment. Global Education Monitoring Report 2017\/18 Paris UNESCO Retrieved May 201, from http:\/\/unescodoc.unescoorg\/images\/0025\/002593\/259338e.pdf.\r\n[29]\tWEF (World Education Forum) (2000). The Dakar framework for action. Education  for all: Meeting our collective commitment: Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved February 2019 from https:\/\/unescodoc.unesco.org\/ark48223\/p0000121147\r\n[30]\tWEF (World Education Forum). (2016). Incheon declaration and Framework for action for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4. Towards inclusive and equitable quality  education and lifelong learning opportunities for all. Education 2030 Paris UNESCO. Retrieved February 2019 from http:\/\/ unescodoc.unesco.org\/imagies\/0024\/00240056\/246556e.pdf.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">GN Shava, S Ndlovu, E Mathonsi, S Hleza, N Tshuma &#8220;Achieving quality and education for sustainable development in higher education management the Zimbabwean experiences&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.679-689 June 2021 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/679-689.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/achieving-quality-and-education-for-sustainable-development-in-higher-education-management-the-zimbabwean-experiences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Achieving quality and education for sustainable development in higher education management the Zimbabwean experiences<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d84a9 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elementor-element-97d8923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d8923\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d8a80\" data-id=\"97d8a80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d8b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d8b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d8c3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d8c3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d8d95\" data-id=\"97d8d95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d8eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d8eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d8f44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d8f44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d9094\" data-id=\"97d9094\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d91a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d91a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d923b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d923b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d93a4\" data-id=\"97d93a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d94d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d94d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d9571 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d9571\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d96c3\" data-id=\"97d96c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d97d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d97d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d9877 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d9877\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d99bd\" data-id=\"97d99bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d9acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d9acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d9b6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d9b6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97d9cd7\" data-id=\"97d9cd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97d9deb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97d9deb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Developing Eco-Theological Concepts in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ferry Simanjuntak, Christopher Alexander, Hana Venturini, Stivani Lumbantoruan,  Jeremy Mulyadi- June 2021 Page No.: 690-694<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97d9e98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97d9e98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97da005\" data-id=\"97da005\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97da138 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97da138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Humans are one of the biggest causes of environmental damage. Of course, this is contrary to what God wants as it is written in the Bible, that humans should live in harmony with nature, by protecting and managing it. For this reason, the authors raise the topic of &#8220;Developing Eco-Theological Concepts in Indonesia&#8221; to answer the need for environmental problems in Indonesia so that they can be resolved properly and to fulfill the will of God at the same time. The authors used a research method in the form of library research by using several existing literature sources to support the authors\u2019 thoughts. The conclusion of this study is that there are three groups of people that can help develop the concept of eco-theology in Indonesia, namely (1) the general public, by returning to the Theocentric concept of the Bible; (2) educational institutions, by incorporating an ecopedagogy-based curriculum; (3) the Indonesian government, by developing and promoting research from previous researchers regarding the development of the ecogreen concept in Indonesia.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 690-694\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5639<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> <span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ferry Simanjuntak<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKharisma Theological Seminary Bandung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Christopher Alexander<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKharisma Theological Seminary Bandung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hana Venturini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKharisma Theological Seminary Bandung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Stivani Lumbantoruan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKharisma Theological Seminary Bandung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>  Jeremy Mulyadi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKharisma Theological Seminary Bandung, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAgustiar, Ahsanul Buduri, Mustajib, Fadlilatul Amin, dan Ahmad Fauzan Hidayatullah. \u201cKEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN PERSPEKTIF ETIKA LINGKUNGAN.\u201d Jurnal Studi Islam 20, no. 2 (Desember 2019): 124\u201332.\r\n[2]\tAndini, Putu Kania, Ni Nyoman Sri Astuti, dan I Ketut Budarma. \u201cImplementation of Green Human Resources Management through Pro-Environmental Behavior in Alpina Hotel &#038; Spa Chamonix France.\u201d International Journal of Green Tourism Research and Applications 2, no. 2 (2020): 63\u201371. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.31940\/ijogtra.v2i2.2069.\r\n[3]\tBudiman, Sabda, Kiki Rutmana, dan Kristian Kariphi Takameha. \u201cPARADIGMA BEREKOTEOLOGI DAN PERAN ORANG PERCAYA TERHADAP ALAM CIPTAAN: KAJIAN EKOTEOLOGI,\u201d 2021, 21\u201331.\r\n[4]\tEffendi, Rahayu, Hana Salsabila, dan Abdul Malik. \u201cPEMAHAMAN TENTANG LINGKUNGAN BERKELANJUTAN.\u201d MODUL 18, no. 2 (22 November 2018): 75\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14710\/mdl.18.2.2018.75-82.\r\n[5]\tGule, Yosefo. \u201cKonsep Eduecologi dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Konteks Sekolah.\u201d FIDEI: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika 3, no. 2 (2020): 181\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34081\/fidei.v3i2.183.\r\n[6]\tKeriapy, Frets. \u201cEkologi Dalam Perspektif Iman Kristen (Mengungkapkan Masalah Ekologi Indonesia).\u201d Preprint. Open Science Framework, 4 Desember 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/7r65d.\r\n[7]\tLolangion, Feldy, Marselino Cristian Runturambi, dan Jefry Kawuwung. \u201cMenelaah Antroposentris Dalam Menyikapi Krisis Lingkungan Dari Perspektif Teologi Penciptaan.\u201d Tumou Tou 8, no. 1 (31 Januari 2021): 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51667\/tt.v8i1.469.\r\n[8]\tMirzaqon T., Abdi. \u201cStudi Kepustakaan Mengenai Landasan Teori Dan Praktik Konseling Expressive Writing: Library Research Of The Basic Theory And Practice Of Expressive Writing Counseling.\u201d Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, t.t., 1\u20138.\r\n[9]\tNN. \u2018Indonesian Forest and Land Fires Monitoring System, \u2018Rekapitulasi Luas Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan  (Ha) Per Provinsi Di Indonesia Tahun 2016-2021\u2019, (2021).\r\n[10]\tOkur-Berberoglu, Emel. \u201cThe Effect of Ecopodagogy-Based Environmental Education on Environmental Attitude of In-Service Teachers.\u201d International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 5, no. 2 (21 September 2015): 86\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18497\/iejee-green.09988.\r\n[11]\tPatora, Marianus. \u201cPeranan Kekristenan dalam Menghadapi Masalah Ekologi.\u201d JURNAL TERUNA BHAKTI 1, no. 2 (19 Maret 2019): 117\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47131\/jtb.v1i2.19.\r\n[12]\tSiregar, Januari, dan Muaz Zul. \u201cPENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA.\u201d Mercatoria 8, no. 2 (2015): 107\u201331.\r\n[13]\tSoegiantoro, Gregory Hope, Jesslynn Chang, Puput Rahmawati, Maria Faeka Christiani, dan Zahrul Mufrodi. \u201cHome-Made Eco Green Biodiesel From Chicken Fat (CIAT) and Waste Cooking Oil (PAIL).\u201d Energy Procedia 158 (t.t.): 1105\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.267.\r\n[14]\tStevanus, Kalis. \u201cPelestarian alam sebagai perwujudan mandat pembangunan: suatu kajian etis-teologis.\u201d Preprint. Open Science Framework, 18 Oktober 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/s79e2.\r\n[15]\tYunansah, Hana, dan Yusuf Tri Herlambang. \u201cPENDIDIKAN BERBASIS EKOPEDAGOGIK DALAM MENUMBUHKAN KESADARAN EKOLOGIS DAN MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR.\u201d EduHumaniora | Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Kampus Cibiru 9, no. 1 (11 April 2017): 27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17509\/eh.v9i1.6153.\r\n[16]\tYuono, Yusup Rogo. \u201cETIKA LINGKUNGAN\u202f: MELAWAN ETIKA LINGKUNGAN ANTROPOSENTRIS MELALUI INTERPRETASI TEOLOGI PENCIPTAAN YANG TEPAT SEBAGAI LANDASAN BAGI PENGELOLAAN-PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN.\u201d FIDEI: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika dan Praktika 2, no. 1 (18 Juni 2019): 183\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34081\/fidei.v2i1.40.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ferry Simanjuntak, Christopher Alexander, Hana Venturini, Stivani Lumbantoruan,  Jeremy Mulyadi, &#8220;Developing Eco-Theological Concepts in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.690-694 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5639<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/690-694.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/developing-eco-theological-concepts-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Developing Eco-Theological Concepts in Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97db0ab elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97db0ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97db1a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97db1a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97db332\" data-id=\"97db332\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97db466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97db466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97db510 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97db510\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97db676\" data-id=\"97db676\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97db790 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97db790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97db833 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97db833\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97db981\" data-id=\"97db981\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dba88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97dba88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97dbb23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97dbb23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97dbc83\" data-id=\"97dbc83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dbd90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97dbd90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97dbe34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97dbe34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97dbfa6\" data-id=\"97dbfa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dc0b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97dc0b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201c<i>Chele Varakashi<\/i>\u201d: English Premiere League viewership and the resurfacing of political public sphere in Zimbabwe\u2019s Beer Halls<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kudakwashe Henry Chidziya &#8211; June 2021 &#8211; Page No.: 695-703<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97dc161 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97dc161\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97dc308\" data-id=\"97dc308\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dc450 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97dc450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper focuses on the embedded political undertones produced and reproduced by English Premiership League (EPL) football viewers in Zimbabwe\u2019s new political discursive spheres \u2013 Beer Halls. It explores the nexus of football fans viewership patterns, commentary and how these attitudes reflect on how football viewership reproduces underlying political fractures that exist in Zimbabwe. Largely credited to the Frankfurt theorist, Jurgen Habermas (1960) a public sphere is an imaginary community which does not necessarily exist in any identifiable space which is made up of private people gathered together as a public and articulating the needs of society. Often football viewership becomes an outlay of wider societal struggles. Beer halls offer space for the playing out of these power dynamics which manifest through football fans viewership and commentary. This article explores the authors\u2019 ethnographic encounters with EPL viewers in beer halls. It explores how football commentary is not monolithic but has in it subtle undertones which speaks to the socio-political tensions in Zimbabwe. Football viewership and commentary in Zimbabwe\u2019s beer halls is fraught with power undercurrents.  <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 695-703\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5640\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5640<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kudakwashe Henry Chidziya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTHE HERALD, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAnderson, E. 2011. \u201cMasculinities and Sexualities in Sport and Physical Cultures: Three \tDecades of Evolving Research.\u201d Journal of Homosexuality 58: 565\u201378.\t https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.201 1.563652.\r\n[2]\tAtkinson, P. 1983. 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A Networked Self. A Networked Self: Identity, Community and Culture \t\ton Social Network Sites. Zizi Papacharissi (Ed.), Routledge.\r\n[36]\tPronger, B. 1990. The Arena of Masculinity. London: GMP.\r\n[37]\tSaukko, P. 2003. Doing Research in Cultural Studies. London: Sage. \thttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781849209021.\r\n[38]\tSavedra, M. 2003. \u201cFootball Feminine\u2014Development of the African Game: Senegal, Nigeria \tand South Africa.\u201d Soccer &#038; Society4(23):22553.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14660970512331390 25.\r\n[39]\tThe Herald Zimbabwe: Of \u2018Chinhu chedu\u2019 and political economy . unpacking Operation Restore Legacy, 27 November 2017: www.herald.co.zw\r\n[40]\tWacquan, L 2004. \u201cFollowing Pierre Bourdieu into the field\u201d New School for Social Research,\t\t New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1466138104052259\r\n[41]\tWhitehead, S. M. 2002. Men and Masculinities: Key Themes and New Directions. Cambridge:\t\t Polity. \r\n[42]\tYin, R. K. 2011. Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: Guilford Press.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kudakwashe Henry Chidziya &#8220;\u201c<i>Chele Varakashi<\/i>\u201d: English Premiere League viewership and the resurfacing of political public sphere in Zimbabwe\u2019s Beer Halls&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.695-703 June 2021 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5640<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/695-703.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/chele-varakashi-english-premiere-league-viewership-and-the-resurfacing-of-political-public-sphere-in-zimbabwes-beerhalls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u201c<i>Chele Varakashi<\/i>\u201d: English Premiere League viewership and the resurfacing of political public sphere in Zimbabwe\u2019s Beer Halls<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dd298 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-id=\"97dd924\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97dda93\" data-id=\"97dda93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ddbaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ddbaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ddc7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ddc7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97ddde5\" data-id=\"97ddde5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97ddf14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97ddf14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97ddfb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97ddfb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97de128\" data-id=\"97de128\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97de246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97de246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Credit Access and Growth of Youth Owned Enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency, Homa-Bay County<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Akuma Joan Moraa and Moses Otieno Kola- June 2021 Page No.: 704-710<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97de2e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97de2e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97de451\" data-id=\"97de451\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97de591 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97de591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Specifically tailored to enhance youth development with focus on self-employment through entrepreneurship, the youth enterprise development fund programmes activities that enhance knowledge, skills and attitudes to entrepreneurship in Kenya. In Homa-Bay Town Constituency, little has been however known about the extent to which this initiative has contributed to performance of youth owned enterprises. Purpose of the study was to assess influence of credit access and growth of youth owned enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency. The study was guided by three research objectives; investigate influence of credit access by youth on the performance of youth owned enterprises, examine effect of entrepreneurial skills and business skills development on the growth of youth owned enterprises, establish the role of the fund in marketing and growth of youth owned enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency conducted a bay and town on the south shore of Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya. The constituency in Homa-Bay County, performs below the national average of 0.56 on most socio-economic indicators; 0.46 on the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite measure of development that combines indicators of life expectancy, educational attainment and income.  A descriptive research design that adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The study targeted youth entrepreneurs and financial intermediaries. Total population of registered youth entrepreneurs in Homa-Bay Town Constituency was not known. Hence snowball sampling was used whereby initial subjects with desired characteristics were identified using purposeful sampling technique. Identified subjects named others that they knew who had similar characteristics until the researcher got the required number of cases required. A sample frame was drawn from youth entrepreneurs who operated registered businesses and were beneficiaries of formal and enterprise financing. Self administered semi-structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews Guides were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative data respectively. Study instruments were pre-tested and appropriate changes made before commencement of data collection, a pilot study was similarly be done. Reliability and validity of data collection tools was ensured. Chi square test was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was organized into patterns and themes and triangulated with quantitative data. Findings revealed that the fund was accessible but youth faced regulatory challenges which affected their enterprises. Youth entrepreneurship trainings were mostly done by banks and non-governmental organizations, youth enterprise development fund did the least number of trainings. Marketing limitations were experienced by small-medium enterprises. Study findings recommended conducive business environments, adequate government regulation and intensification youth entrepreneurship. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 704-710\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5641<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akuma Joan Moraa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEnterpreneur, The Cake Forest Enterprises Ltd. (Off Homa-Bay-Mbita Junction Kodoyo), P. O. Box 587-40300, Homa-Bay, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moses Otieno Kola<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDean, School of Planning &#038; Architecture(P.O. Box 3275-40100, Kisumu, Kenya)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tApostolopoulos, N., Al-Dajani, H., Holt, D., Jones, P. &#038; Newbery, R., (2018). Entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals. Emerald Publishing Limited.\r\n[2]\tBelas, J., Gavurova, B., Schonfeld, J., Zvarikova, K., &#038; Kacerauskas, T. (2017). Social and economic factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Transformations in Business and Economics, 16(3), 220\u2013239.\r\n[3]\tBosma, N., Sch\u00f8tt, T., Terjesen, S., &#038; Kew, P. 2016. Special Topic Report Social Entrepreneurship. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: www.gemconsortium. org. GEM \/ GERA.\r\n[4]\tChaudhary, R. (2017). Demographic factors, personality and entrepreneurial inclination: A study among Indian university students. Education+ Training, 59(2), 171\u2013187.\r\n[5]\tChigunta, F. (2017). Enterprise as a Possible Solution to Youth Unemployment. Labour and Learning, 433\u2013451.\r\n[6]\tCPA Australia, 2016. The CPA Australia Asia-Pacific Business Survey 2016 &#8211; General Report for Australia, China, Hong Kong, SAR China, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and Viet Nam. Southbank: CPA.\r\n[7]\tFan, Z., &#038; Zhang, R. (2017). Financial inclusion, Entry barriers  and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China. Sustainability, 9(2), 1-21.\r\n[8]\tFlynn, J., Mader, P., Oosterom, M., and Ripoll, S. (2017). Failing Young People? Addressing the Supply-side Bias and Individualisation in Youth Employment Programming. IDS Evidence Report 216. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies (IDS).\r\n[9]\tFox, L &#038; Kaul, U (2017) The evidence is in: how should youth employment programs in low-income countries be designed? Policy Research working paper 8500, Washington DC: World Bank Group.\r\n[10]\tFox, L. &#038; Kaul, U. (2018). The Evidence Is In: How Should Youth Employment Programs in Low-Income Countries Be Designed? Policy Research Working Paper WPS 8500. Washington DC: World Bank Group.\r\n[11]\tInternational  Labor Organization, (2017). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2017: Paths to a better working future. Geneva: International Labor Office.\r\n[12]\tInternational Telecommunication Union. (2019). ICT Centric Innovation Ecosystem Kenya: Country Review. \r\n[13]\tIsiwu, P. I., &#038; Onwuka, I. (2017). Psychological factors that influences entrepreneurial intention among women in Nigeria: A study based in South East Nigeria. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 26(2), 176\u2013195. doi:10.1177\/0971355717708846.\r\n[14]\tJamali, D., Karam, C., Yin, J., &#038; Soundararajan, V. (2017). CSR logics in developing countries: Translation, adaptation and stalled development. Journal of World Business, 52(3), 343\u2013359.\r\n[15]\tKairiza, T., Kiprono, P., &#038; Magadzire, V. (2017). Gender differences in financial inclusion amongst entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe. Small Business Economics, 48(1), 259-272.\r\n[16]\tKlenow, P J and H Li (2020). \u201cInnovative Growth Accounting\u201d, in NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2020, Vol. 35, University of Chicago Press.\r\n[17]\tKluve, J. (2017) Interventions to improve the labour market outcomes of youth: A systematic review of training, entrepreneurship promotion, employment services and subsidized employment interventions &#8211; A Campbell Systematic Review, International Development Coordinating Group.\r\n[18]\tLatham, J. (2017). Conceptual Framework. http:\/\/johnlatham.me\/frameworks\/researchmethods- framework\/conceptual-framework\/ (accessed 2017 March 15).\r\n[19]\tNguyen, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention of international business students in Viet Nam: A survey of the country joining the trans-Pacific partnership. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 7.\r\n[20]\tOECD (2016), \u201cNo Country for Young Firms?\u201d, Policy Note, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Note, June.\r\n[21]\tPark, C. (2017) \u201cA study on effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention: Focusing on ICT majors\u201d, Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11 Issue: 2, pp.159- 170, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ APJIE-08-2017-024.\r\n[22]\tPsilos, P &#038; Galloway, T (2018) What works in entrepreneurship education and training programs for youth: Evidence report Washington DC: USAID\u2019s YouthPower: Implementation, YouthPower Action.\r\n[23]\tRavitch, S. M. &#038; Carl, N. M. (2016). Qualitative Research: Bridging the Conceptual,Theoretical   and Methodological. Los Angeles, U.S.A.: SAGE Publications, Inc.\r\n[24]\tSmith, RM, Sardeshmukh, SR, Combs, GM. (2016a). Understanding Gender, Creativity and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Education+ Training, 58(3), 263\u2013282.\r\n[25]\tSmith, RM, Sardeshmukh, SR, Combs, GM. (2016b). Understanding Gender, Creativity and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Education+ Training, 58(3), 263\u2013282.\r\n[26]\tSykes, J., Elder, S., Gurbuzer, Y. and Principi, M. (2016). Exploring the linkages between youth financial inclusion and job creation: Evidence from the ILO school-to-work transition surveys. Work4Youth Publication Series No. 42. Geneva: ILO International Labor Office.\r\n[27]\tThe Commonwealth, 2016. Youth Entrepreneurship &#8211; The Key to Maintaining Africa\u2019s Rise http:\/\/thecommonwealth.org\/media\/news\/youth-entrepreneurship-key-maintaining-africasrise#sthash.J0BqeqcX.dpuf\r\n[28]\tWorld Bank, (2018). Small and Medium Enterprises Finance. \r\n[29]\tYouth Enterprise Development Fund. (2016).Youth Enterprise Development Fund Loan Products. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.youthfund.go.ke\/\r\n[30]\tYukongdi, V, Yukongdi, V, Lopa, NZ, Lopa, NZ. (2017). Entrepreneurial Intention: A study of Individual, Situational and Gender Differences. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(2), 333\u2013352. \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akuma Joan Moraa and Moses Otieno Kola, &#8220;Influence of Credit Access and Growth of Youth Owned Enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency, Homa-Bay County&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.704-710 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5641<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/704-710.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-credit-access-and-growth-of-youth-owned-enterprises-in-homa-bay-town-constituency-homa-bay-county\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Credit Access and Growth of Youth Owned Enterprises in Homa-Bay Town Constituency, Homa-Bay County<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97df3d0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97df3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97df4bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97df4bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97df633\" data-id=\"97df633\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97df749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97df749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97df7ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97df7ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97df93d\" data-id=\"97df93d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97dfa7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97dfa7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97dfb24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97dfb24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97dfc83\" data-id=\"97dfc83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e0102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e0102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e01f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e01f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e0363\" data-id=\"97e0363\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e0488 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e0488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e052b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e052b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e06a5\" data-id=\"97e06a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e07bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e07bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Capital Market Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samuel Obafemi Dada- June 2021 Page No.: 711-716<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e085d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e085d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e0a11\" data-id=\"97e0a11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e0b4e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97e0b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study appraised the impact of capital market development on economic growth in Nigeria between 1990 and 2015. The study used Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable and also used foreign direct investment, government expenditure, market capitalization, all share index, number of transactions, credit to private sector and stock turnover ratio as independent variables coupled with the use of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger Causality technique revealing that capital market development has positive effect on economic growth. Hence, it is recommended that participation within the market should be encouraged as various entities within the economy should be encouraged to invest in the capital market through various incentives in a bid to spur economic growth<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 711-716\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5643<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel Obafemi Dada <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences,  Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbu, N. (2009). Does Stock Market Development Raise Economic Growth? Evidence from Nigeria. The Review of Finance and Banking, 1(1), 16-26.\r\n[2]\tAghion, P., &#038; Howitt, P. (2009). The Economics of Growth. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.\r\n[3]\tAiguh, L. A. (2013). The Impact of Capital Market on the Economic Growth in Nigeria. (B.Sc. Thesis). Caritas University. Nigeria.\r\n[4]\tAke, B., &#038; Jin, D. (2010). The Role of Stock Market Development in Economic Growth: Evidence form Some Euronext Countries. International Journal of Financial Research, 1(1), 14-20.\r\n[5]\tAlghamedi, A. M. (2012). Assessing the Impact of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Analysis. (Ph.D. Thesis). Durham University.\r\n[6]\tAli, M. A., &#038; Fei, Y. S. (2016). Impact of Malaysia\u2019s Capital Market and Determinants on Economic Growth. Journal of Asian Finance, 3(2), 5-11.\r\n[7]\tAlile, H. I. (1984). The Nigerian Stock Exchange: Historical Perspectives, Operations and Contributions to Economic Development. Central Bank of Nigeria Bullion, 2(1), 165-169.\r\n[8]\tAlile, H. I. (1984). The Nigerian Stock Exchange: Historical Perspective, Operations and Contributions to Economic Development. Central Bank of Nigeria Bullion, 2(1), 65-69.\r\n[9]\tAlshammary, M. J. (2014). An Investigation of the Relationship between Capital Market Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Saudi Arabia. (M.ba. Thesis). Victoria University. Australia.\r\n[10]\tAmu, C. U., Nwezeaku, N. C., &#038; Akujobi, A. B. C. (2015). Impact of Capital Market Growth on Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria. American Journal of Marketing Research, 1(3), 93-98.\r\n[11]\tAnyanwu, J. C. (1998). Stock Market Development and Nigerian Economic Growth. Nigerian Financial Review, 7(2), 6-13.\r\n[12]\tArrow, K. J. (1962). The Economic Implication of Learning by Doing. Review of Economic Studies, 29(1), 155-173.\r\n[13]\tAwan, A. G., &#038; Iftekhar, U. (2015). How Does Stock Market Development Influence the Economic Growth? International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(1), 1-19.\r\n[14]\tBagehort, M. (1873). A Description of Money Market with Currency Monopoly. Homewood: ILRichard.\r\n[15]\tCoskun, Y., Seven, U., Ertugrul, H. M., &#038; Ulussever, T. (2017). Capital Market and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Turkey. Central Bank Review, 17(1), 19-29.\r\n[16]\tDokmen, G., Aysu, A., &#038; Bayramoglu, M. F. (2015). Linkages between Market Capitalization and Economic Growth: The Case of Emerging Markets. Uluslararasi Ekonomik Arastirmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 39-48.\r\n[17]\tDuke, S. B., &#038; Nkamare, S. E. (2015). Impact of Capital Market on the Development of the Nigerian Economy. Archives of Business Research, 3(4), 124-151.\r\n[18]\tEgwu, M. I. (2014). Impact of Capital Market on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1990-2012). (M.Sc. Thesis). University of Nigeria. Enugu.\r\n[19]\tEquakun, C. O. (2005). The Nigerian Capital Market: Impact on Economic Growth. (Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis). University of Benin.\r\n[20]\tEquakun, C. O. (2005). The Nigerian Capital Market: Impact on Economic Growth. (Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis).\r\n[21]\tGeert, B. (1997). Capital Market: An Engine for Economic Growth. Stanford University.\r\n[22]\tHicks, J. (1969). A Theory of Economic History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\r\n[23]\tLucas, E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.\r\n[24]\tMbat, D. O. (2001). Financial Management. Uyo: Domes Associates Publishers.\r\n[25]\tMcKinnon, R. (1973). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Brookings Institutions: Washington DC.\r\n[26]\tMittal, R. (2017). Effects of Market Capitalization Ratio on GDP Growth and Capital Market Robustness in Newly Industrialized Counties, Chicago Undergraduate Business Journal.\r\n[27]\tNguyen, H. T., &#038; Pham, H. V. D. (2014). Relationship between Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: Evidences from Canada and Australia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(7), 1-10.\r\n[28]\tObiakor, R. T. (2016). Does Capital Market Development Spur Economic Growth? A Look at Africa\u2019s Largest Economy. The International Journal of Social Sciences and humanities Invention, 3(7), 2397-2406.\r\n[29]\tOfori-Abebrese, G. (2015). Three Essays on Stock Exchange Market Development in Ghana. (Ph.D. Thesis). Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Ghana.\r\n[30]\tOsaze, B. E. (2000). The Nigeria Capital Market in the African and Global Financial System. Bofic Consults Group Limited.\r\n[31]\tOwusu, E. I. (2016). Stock Market and Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria. Economies, 4(25), 1-13.\r\n[32]\tPan, L., &#038; Mishra, V. (2016). Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from China. Monash Business School Discussion Paper Series 16.\r\n[33]\tRebelo, S. (1991). Long Run Policy Analysis and Long Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 99(1), 500-521.\r\n[34]\tRobinson, J. (1952). The Generalization of the General Theory in the Rate of Interest and Other Essays. London: Macmillan.\r\n[35]\tRomer, P. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(1), 1002-1037.\r\n[36]\tSchumpter, J. (1911). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.\r\n[37]\tSchumpter, J. (1912). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper, New York.\r\n[38]\tShaw, E. S. (1973). Financial Deepening in Economic Development. Oxford University Press. New York.\r\n[39]\tSolow, R. M. (2000). Growth Theory: An Exposition (2nd Ed,): Oxford University Press.\r\n[40]\tSolow, R. M., &#038; Swan, T. W. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economics and Capital Accumulation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.\r\n[41]\tZagha, R., &#038; Nankani, G. T. (2005). Financial Liberalization: What Went Right, What Went Wrong in Economic Growth in the 1990s: Learning from a Decade of Reform. IMF Papers.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samuel Obafemi Dada, &#8220;Impact of Capital Market Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.711-716 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5643<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/711-716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-capital-market-development-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impact of Capital Market Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e1952 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97e1952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e1ebc\" data-id=\"97e1ebc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e1ff4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e1ff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e20c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e20c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e223f\" data-id=\"97e223f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e2382 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e2382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e243f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e243f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e25a4\" data-id=\"97e25a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e26b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e26b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e275d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e275d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e2a4d\" data-id=\"97e2a4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e2ba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e2ba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in East Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abdikarim Bashir Jama- June 2021 Page No.: 717-723<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e2c5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e2c5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e2de3\" data-id=\"97e2de3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e2f26 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97e2f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper analyzes the influence of corruption and other explanatory variables on the economic growth of East African countries over the period from 2013 to 2017. The study uses a panel data technique. Our empirical results found a negative effect of corruption on economic development. This gravitates to backing the \u201csand the wheels\u201d hypothesis and controverts the \u201cgrease the wheels\u201d proposition which suggests the possibility of corruption compensating the bad governance. Likewise, findings are obtained from the regulatory quality variable. However, regarding the other explanatory variables, the imported variable is statistically significant and has a positive effect on the economic growth of East African countries. While export and foreign direct investments are insignificant. Although various studies investigate the link between corruption and economic output very few studies focus on the East African region, therefore the result of this study is expected to offer robust evidence on policymakers, governments, and scholars.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 717-723\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2021<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdikarim Bashir Jama<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversiti Utara Malaysia\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAnyanwu, J. 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Does trade cause growth?. American economic review, 89(3), 379-399.\r\n[20]\tGr\u00fcndler, K., &#038; Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and economic growth: New empirical evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60, 101810.\r\n[21]\tHuntington, S. P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.\r\n[22]\tIdomeh, A. O. (2006). Public Finance: A Modern Approach Head.\r\n[23]\tKato, A., &#038; Sato, T. (2015). Greasing the wheels? The effect of corruption in regulated manufacturing sectors of India. Canadian Journal of Development Studies\/Revue canadienne d&#8217;\u00e9tudes du d\u00e9veloppement, 36(4), 459-483.\r\n[24]\tKurer, O. (1993). Clientelism, corruption, and the allocation of resources. Public Choice, 77(2), 259-273.\r\n[25]\tKhan, J., Adeel-Farooq, R. M., Akram, K., &#038; Abbasi, M. S. (2020). Is Corruption Detrimental for Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis of Selected South Asian Economies. South Asian Studies (1026-678X), 35(1).\r\n[26]\tLambsdorff, J. G., &#038; Cornelius, P. (2000). Corruption, foreign investment, and growth. The Africa competitiveness report, 2001, 70-78.\r\n[27]\tLeff, N. H. (1964). Economic development through bureaucratic corruption. American behavioral scientist, 8(3), 8-14.\r\n[28]\tLeys, C. (1965). What is the Problem about Corruption?. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 3(2), 215-230.\r\n[29]\tLui, F. T. (1985). An equilibrium queuing model of bribery. Journal of political economy, 93(4), 760-781.\r\n[30]\tLiu, X. (2001). A positive analysis on import-export increase and economic growth. China Economic Issues, 4.\r\n[31]\tMauro, P. (1993). Corruption, country risk, and growth. Unpublished Paper, Harvard University, November.\r\n[32]\tM\u00e9on, P. G., &#038; Weill, L. (2010). Is corruption an efficient grease?. World Development, 38(3), 244-259.\r\n[33]\tMyrdal, G. (1968). Corruption: Its causes and effects. Asian drama: An inquiry into the poverty of nations, 2, 953-961.\r\n[34]\tM\u00e9on, P. G., &#038; Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth?. Public Choice, 122(1-2), 69-97.\r\n[35]\tMauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 110(3), 681-712.\r\n[36]\tMuzurura, J. (2017). Corruption and economic growth in Zimbabwe: Unravelling the linkages. International Journal of Development Research, 7(1), 1197-11204.\r\n[37]\tMo, P. H. (2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of comparative economics, 29(1), 66-79.\r\n[38]\tMankiw, N. G., Romer, D., &#038; Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 107(2), 407-437.\r\n[39]\tNwankwo, O. F. (2014). Impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(6), 41.\r\n[40]\tOuail, M., Behiani, R., &#038; Haidouchi, A. (2020). Corruption And Economic Growth In Arab Countries-an Econometric Study Using Dynamic Panel Models And (gmm) Technique During The Period (2003-2017)-.\r\n[41]\tRose-Ackerman, S. (2005). The challenge of poor governance and corruption. Especial 1 DIREITO GV L. Rev., 207.\r\n[42]\tRose-Ackerman, S. (1997). The political economy of corruption. Corruption and the global economy, 31, 60.\r\n[43]\tShleifer, A., &#038; Vishny, R. W. (1993). Corruption. The quarterly journal of economics, 108(3), 599-617.\r\n[44]\tSharma, C., &#038; Mitra, A. (2015). Corruption, governance, and firm performance: Evidence from Indian enterprises. Journal of Policy Modeling, 37(5), 835-851.\r\n[45]\tSharma, C., &#038; Mitra, A. (2019). Corruption and Economic Growth: Some New Empirical Evidence from a Global Sample. Journal of International Development, 31(8), 691-719.\r\n[46]\tSwaleheen, M. (2011). Economic growth with endogenous corruption: an empirical study. Public Choice, 146(1-2), 23-41.\r\n[47]\tStijns, J. P. C. (2005). Natural resource abundance and economic growth revisited. Resources Policy, 30(2), 107-130.\r\n[48]\tTanzi, V., &#038; Davoodi, H. (1997). Corruption, public investment, and growth (IMF Working Paper, 97\/139). International Monetary Fund, Washington DC.\r\n[49]\tThach, N. N., Duong, M. B., &#038; Oanh, T. T. K. (2017). Effects of corruption on the economic growth-empirical study of Asia countries. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 7, 791-804.\r\n[50]\tTong, J. (1995). Price change of stock and economic running price change of stock and economic running.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdikarim Bashir Jama, &#8220;The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in East Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.717-723 June 2021\u00a0 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/717-723.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/717-723.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-corruption-on-economic-growth-empirical-evidence-in-east-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in East Africa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e3ded elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97e3ded\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e437f\" data-id=\"97e437f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e4493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e4493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e4533 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e4533\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e468b\" data-id=\"97e468b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e4793 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e4793\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e4838 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e4838\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e49ae\" data-id=\"97e49ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e4acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e4acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e4b6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e4b6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e4cd7\" data-id=\"97e4cd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e4de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e4de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Urban Areas: New Threats and Potentials in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Stephen Sunday OJO, Martina Alexander POJWAN- June 2021 Page No.: 724-728<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e4e84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e4e84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e5003\" data-id=\"97e5003\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e5133 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97e5133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Urban settings currently provide the main arena for shaping gender relations. The process of urbanization provides both advantages and disadvantages for gender equality and the empowerment of women. In turn, gender relations are often critical in shaping the urbanization process itself, affecting decisions as to who migrates to cities, as well as how the household unit, family roles and local community organizations will be structured in the urban context. Urban conditions are frequently more difficult for women and children, especially among the poor, exposing them to new forms of exploitation and discrimination, in addition to greater environmental risks. Urban settings can, however, also present new opportunities for gender equality. This paper addresses some of these contradictory trends with respect to several interrelated issues and concludes that a gender-sensitive approach to urban governance would increase women\u2019s participation in the development of human settlements and improve the performance of cities in taking advantage of the urban potentials for social improvement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 724-728\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<strong> DOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5642<\/a><\/strong>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stephen Sunday OJO<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Federal University, Gashua Yobe State Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Martina Alexander POJWAN <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social Development, Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia Nasarawa State Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAvirgan, T., Bivens, L.J. &#038; Gammage, S. (eds) (2005). Good jobs, Bad jobs, No jobs: Labour Market and Informal Works in Egypt, El Salvador, India, Russia and South Africa. Washington, DC. Economic Policy Institute, Global Policy Network. \r\n[2]\tChant, S. (2013). Cities through a \u201cgender lens\u201d: a golden \u201curban age\u201d for women in the global south? Environment and Urbanisation. Vol 25, 9-29.\r\n[3]\tChant, S. &#038; Mcllwaine C. (2013). Gender, urban development and the politics of space. E-International Relations \u2013 open access website. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.e-ir.info\/2013\/06\/04\/gender-urban-development-and-the-politics-of-space\/. \r\n[4]\tEvans, A. (2015). Egalitarian social change: current projects: (1) rural-urban differences in gender relations; (2) the decline of the male breadwinner but persistence of the female homemaker; (3) ideas, and why they matter for international development (Web blog post). Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.geog.cam.ac.uk\/people\/evans\/. \r\n[5]\tHuman Rights Watch (2003). Double Standards: Women\u2019s Property Rights Violations, Human Rights Watch, vol 15, no 5(A), New York\r\n[6]\tILO (2002). Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical Picture, ILO, Geneva\r\n[7]\tKulu, H. (2013). Why do fertility levels vary between urban and rural areas? Regional Studies, vol 47, issue 6, 2013, pp 895-912\r\n[8]\tMabogunje, A.L. (2007). Global urban poverty research: The Africa case, Urban update, 10, Washington DC, Wilson International centre for scholars.\r\n[9]\tMcDonald, P. (2000). Gender equity in theories of fertility transition. Population and Development Review, vol 26, Issue 3, 2000, pp 427-439\r\n[10]\tMcNicoll, G. (2006). Policy lessons of the East Asian demographic transition, Policy Research Division Working Paper No 210, The Population Council, New York. \r\n[11]\tMensch, B.S. (2005). Trends in the timing of first marriage among men and women in the developing world, Policy Research Division Working Paper No 202, The Population Council, New York\r\n[12]\tMontgomery, M.R. &#038; Hewett, P.C. (2004). Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighbourhood effects, Policy Research Division Working Paper No 184, The Population  Council, New York\r\n[13]\tMoser, C. (2016). Introduction: towards a nexus linking gender, assets and transformational pathways to just cities. In Moser, C. (Ed.) Gender, Asset Accumulation and just Cities: Pathways to transformation. (pp. 12-37). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.\r\n[14]\tMulder, C. &#038; Wagner, M. (2001). The connection between family formation and first time home ownership in the context of West Germany and Netherlands. European Journal of Population, vol 17, Issue 2, 2001, pp 137-164 \r\n[15]\tNesbitt-Ahmed, Z. (2015). Structural Barriers to Inclusion: a focus on violence. Presentation given at IDS: From Urban Exclusion to Inclusive Urbanisation Workshop (October 29, 2015). \r\n[16]\tOECD (2004). Why Gender Matters in Infrastructure, Development Assistance Committee, Network on Gender Equality, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris\r\n[17]\tPeters, D, (2001). Gender and transport in LDCs: A background paper in preparation for CSD-9, Expert Workshop on Gender Perspectives for Earth Summit 2002: Energy, Transport for Decision Making, Berlin, 10-12 January\r\n[18]\tReichlin, L. &#038; Shaw, E. (2015). Gender, Urbanisation and Democratic Governance. (White Paper written for the Institute for Women\u2019s Policy Research commissioned by the National Democratic Institute). Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.ndi.org\/Gender-Urbanisation-and-Democratic-Governance-white-paper \r\n[19]\tTacoli, C. (2012). Urbanisation, gender and urban poverty: paid and unpaid carework in the city. (Urbanisation and Emerging Population Issues Working Paper 7. Retrieved from:http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdf\/UEPI%207%20Tacoli%20Mar%202012.pdf. \r\n[20]\tTacoli, C. &#038; Satterthwaite, D. (2013). Editorial: Gender and Urban Change. Environment and Urbanisation.Vol.25,3-8.Retrievedfrom: http:\/\/eau.sagepub.com\/content\/25\/1\/3.full.pdf+html. \r\n[21]\tTaylor, A. (2011). Women and the City: Examining the Gender Impact of Violence and Urbanisation. Action Aid. Retrieved from: http:\/\/wwwactionaid.org\/publications\/women-and-city-examining-gender-impact-violence-and-urbanisation. \r\n[22]\tUNFPA &#038; GTZ (eds) (2007). Social cohesion, Reconciliation Policies and Public Budgeting: A Gender View, UNFPA and German Technical Cooperation, Mexico City\r\n[23]\tUNFPA &#038; PRB (2005). Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health: Policy Developments and Indicators 2005, UNFPA and Population Reference Bureau, New York and Washington, DC\r\n[24]\tUN-Habitat (2006). State of the World\u2019s Cities 2006\/7: The Millennium Development Goals and Urban Sustainability, London, Earthscan\r\n[25]\tUN-Habitat (2009). Global Report on Human Settlements 2009: Planning Sustainable Cities, p.xxii. UN-Habitat\u2019s Global Urban Observatory estimates that in 2010 urban dwellers will make up 50.6 per cent of the world population\r\n[26]\tUNRISD (2005). Gender Equality: Striving for justice in an unequal world, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Stephen Sunday OJO, Martina Alexander POJWAN, &#8220;Women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Urban Areas: New Threats and Potentials in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.724-728 June 2021\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.5642<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/724-728.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/womens-empowerment-and-gender-equality-in-urban-areas-new-threats-and-potentials-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Urban Areas: New Threats and Potentials in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e6021 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97e6021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e6101 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e6101\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e6283\" data-id=\"97e6283\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e63ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e63ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e644e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e644e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e65a9\" data-id=\"97e65a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e66d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e66d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e677e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e677e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e68c9\" data-id=\"97e68c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e69dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e69dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e6a76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e6a76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e6bd3\" data-id=\"97e6bd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e6ce1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e6ce1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e6d8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e6d8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e6eec\" data-id=\"97e6eec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e6ff7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e6ff7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Government Funding In Addressing Educational Wastage in Public Secondary Schools in Kandara Sub-County, Muranga County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Karanja Joseph Ndung\u2019u, Dr. Githaka Mwangi, Mr. Ferdinand Mbeche- June 2021 Page No.: 729-737<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e70b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e70b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e7232\" data-id=\"97e7232\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e7365 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"97e7365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1591\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1591\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study assessed the extent to which the government policy on bursary allocation and bursary funds awarded influences the education wastage in public secondary schools in Kandara Sub-county. The target population was 360 students, 40 class teachers and 20 school principals. Data collection was done using descriptive statistics. From the findings, there was a response from 238 students. Findings showed that (50%) of the parents\/Guardians are not in any form of employment, (33.6 %) are self employed, (7.6%) are employed in private sector and only 8.8% are employed by government where job security is guaranteed. From the findings majority of the students (55.0%) who applied for bursary funds received, while (45.0%) attested that they had never received bursary funds even after applying for it. Also there were some students who dropped out of for the past four years due to lack of school fees whereby in Form 1 (17.6%), form 2 (39.0%), Form 3(32.4%) and Form 4 (11.0%) a clear indicator that majority of students drop out of school in form two level, where parents\/Guardians experience more burdens in terms of school fees payments contributing to the education wastage. Also (23.1%) of students repeated classes due to lack of school fees and because they are not consistent in school attendance, they end up not proceeding to the next class, hence contributing to the education wastage. Majority of students (45.0%) had been send home for school fees balances and they were absent for 1 to 2 weeks, (15.0%) were absent for 3 to 4 weeks, while (12.2%) were absent for more than a month. This depicts that majority of the students come from financially unstable families and spent a significant amount of their time at home due to school fees problems. To minimize the education wastage the Government should scale up the amount allocated to bursary funds in both the Constituency and County, to make sure that all the needy students from the poor households benefit from this funds and the policy laid down should be reviewed as per the challenges experienced in the past, devising new ways of supporting needy students with minimal political interference. In deed Government funding in form of bursary, if well embraced, it will reduce the education wastage that has been experienced in Kandara sub-County, since it will enhance equity in access, retention and transition of students in public secondary schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 729-737\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2021<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1592\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1592\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Karanja Joseph Ndung\u2019u<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD student, in the Department of Educational Administration and Planning University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Githaka Mwangi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer in Education Administration and Planning, University of Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mr. Ferdinand Mbeche<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer Department of Education Administration and planning University of Nairobi, kikuyu campus, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1593\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1593\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAduda, A. (2008). Implementation of Free Secondary Education in Kenya. Nairobi: Nairobi University Press.\r\n[2]\tAtieno, A. (2006). Implementation of Free Primary Education in Kenya. Nairobi: Nairobi University Press.\r\n[3]\tBray, M. (2002). The Costs and Financing of Education: Trends and Policy Implications, Comparative Education Research Centre. The University Of Hong Kong and Manila Asian Development Bank.\r\n[4]\tCreswell, L. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods. Approaches: 3rd Edition. University of Nebraska-Lincoln: SAGE Publication, inc.\r\n[5]\tEshiwani, G. (1994): Education in Kenya since Independence. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers Ltd.\r\n[6]\tFedha, F. (2008). Effectiveness of Government Bursary Fund Programme in Enhancing Girl Child Access to Secondary Education in Kajiado District.\r\n[7]\tFlora, F. (2008). \u201cEffectiveness of Government Bursary Fund Programme in Enhancing Girl-child Access to Secondary Education in Kajiado District\u201d, Kenya: Unpublished Thesis Kenyatta University.\r\n[8]\tGall, M. Simon, D &#038; David, S. (1996) Education Research; An introduction, 6th Edition, Longman Publishers USA.\r\n[9]\tGay, L. (1996). Educational Research, Competences for Analysis and Application .Ohio: Charles E. Merril Publishing Company.\r\n[10]\tKasenite, D. (1995). Process Influencing Gender Differences in Access to Post Secondary Institutions in Uganda. Academic Science Publishers.\r\n[11]\tKigozi, D. (1992). A popular view of Education for All. Nairobi: Africa Association for Literacy and Adult Education.\r\n[12]\tKIPPRA. (2007). Secondary School Education Bursary Fund (SEBF): URL accessed on 09\/12\/2011.http:\/\/www.kippra.org\/Secondary.asp\r\n[13]\tKIPPRA. (2007). Accountability and Performance of Constituency Funds. Nairobi:Kenya.\r\n[14]\tKirigo, S. (2008). An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Bursary Fund in Enhancing Retention of Students in Secondary Schools in Mombasa District, Kenya. Unpublished M.Ed. Project, Nairobi: Kenyatta University.\r\n[15]\tKothari, C. R. (1985). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Willey Eastern Ltd: New Delhi.\r\n[16]\tKothari, N. &#038; Pals, A. (1993). Introduction to Educational Research. Njoro: Egerton University.\r\n[17]\tKothari, R. (2004). Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques (2nd Revised Edition), New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers.\r\n[18]\tLewin K. and Francoise C. (2001) \u201cFinancing Secondary Education in Developing Countries: Strategies for Sustainable Growth.\u201d IIEP-UNESCO, Paris.\r\n[19]\tLewin, K. (2002). Option for Post Primary Education and Training in Uganda; Increasing Access, Equity and Efficiency. UK. Department for International Development (DFID) and Government of Uganda, London.\r\n[20]\tLewin, K. (2008).Strategies for Sustainable Financing of Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank working Paper No.136 Washington DC. World Bank.\r\n[21]\tMellen, M. (2004). The Role of Government Bursary Fund in Enhancing Participation, Nyamira District.\r\n[22]\tMugenda, O. &#038; Mugenda, A. (2003). Research methods quantitative and qualitative approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.\r\n[23]\tMuthei, R. (2001). The impact of Cost Sharing in Health and Education NBB. Action Publishers.\r\n[24]\tMwaura, C. (2006). Role of Government Bursary Scheme in Enhancing Secondary Participation of the Poor and Vulnerable Learners in Thika District; Unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, Kenyatta University\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1594\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1594\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Karanja Joseph Ndung\u2019u, Dr. Githaka Mwangi, Mr. Ferdinand Mbeche, &#8220;Influence of Government Funding In Addressing Educational Wastage in Public Secondary Schools in Kandara Sub-County, Muranga County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-5-issue-6, pp.729-737 June 2021\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/729-737.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1595\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1595\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-5-issue-6\/729-737.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1596\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1596\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-government-funding-in-addressing-educational-wastage-in-public-secondary-schools-in-kandara-sub-county-muranga-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Government Funding In Addressing Educational Wastage in Public Secondary Schools in Kandara Sub-County, Muranga County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e8399 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"97e8399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e8483 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e8483\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e8610\" data-id=\"97e8610\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e873d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e873d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e87dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e87dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e8933\" data-id=\"97e8933\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e8a4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e8a4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e8aeb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e8aeb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e8c34\" data-id=\"97e8c34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e8d4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e8d4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-97e8df1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"97e8df1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97e8f57\" data-id=\"97e8f57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97e906f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97e906f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u201cSpare the Rod, Spoil the Child\u201d: The Ban of Corporal Punishment Fueling Indiscipline among Students Eric Twum 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