{"id":4911,"date":"2022-01-22T07:31:32","date_gmt":"2022-01-22T07:31:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=4911"},"modified":"2022-10-19T05:53:44","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T05:53:44","slug":"volume-vi-issue-i","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-vi-issue-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VI Issue I"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4911\" class=\"elementor elementor-4911 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bfec9c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bfec9c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfecd1a\" data-id=\"bfecd1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfecee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfecee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessing the effectiveness of Government Policy of compulsory learning of familiar Local Languages at Early Primary School Level on learners\u2019 linguistic skills achievement: A Case of Grade 4 learners in four Primary Schools in Lusaka District of Lusaka Province<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lufeyo Chitondo  &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 01-07<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bfecfce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bfecfce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfed1f4\" data-id=\"bfed1f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfed399 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bfed399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of Government policy of compulsory learning of local languages at early primary school level among the selected teachers in four Primary schools of Lusaka district in Zambia. The policy is based on teaching learners in their familiar local language. The study employed a mixed paradigm and descriptive survey design that sampled two primary schools, Head teachers, teachers, PTA executive members and Grade 4 learners. Data was obtained from respondents by means of interviews, questionnaires and classroom observation schedules. Frequency, percentages, tables, graphs and pie-charts were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data obtained. Data was then analyzed by the use of software MS Access and MS Excel. The findings revealed that learning in the mother tongue at early grade level helps in language development of the child as well in comprehending concepts easily enhancing early literacy attainment helps children to grasp literacy and learn how to read and write faster and that it even becomes easier for learners in later grades to learn other languages and subjects in the curriculum as they would have the foundations.\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-07\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lufeyo Chitondo<\/strong><\/span>\r\n  Rockview University, Lusaka, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAkinnaso, F.N. (1993). Policy and Experiment in Mother-Tongue Literacy. Nigeria. International Review of Education. \r\n[2]\tAppel, R.et al (1987). Language contact and bilingualism. London. Edward Arnold.\r\n[3]\tArmstrong, R. G. (1968). Language policies and language practices in West Africa. New York. John Wiley and sons.\r\n[4]\tBanda D. (2002). Disabling or Abling? The quick transition of the Language of Instruction (LOI) \tfor initial literacy from Mother tongue (L1) to English (2). The case of Zambia. MPhil thesis,  The University of Oslo. Norway.\r\n[5]\tBanda, F. (1998). The classification of Languages in Zambia and Malawi. The Centre for advanced studies of African society. \r\n[6]\tBenzies, D. (1940). Learning Our Language. New York. Longman, Green and Co. LTD.\r\n[7]\tBickel, R. (2007). Multilevel analysis for applied research. It\u2019s just regression. The Guilford Press.\r\n[8]\tBray, M, et al (1986). Education and Society in Africa. London: Edward Amold.\r\n[9]\tBrock-Utne, Birgit (1993). Education in Africa. Rapport No. 3 Oslo: Institute for Educational Research.\r\n[10]\tMoE (1996). Educating Our Future. National Policy on Education. Lusaka. Government Printers.\r\n[11]\tMoE (1998). Zambia Primary Reading Programme (Draft). Lusaka: DID.\r\n[12]\tMuyebaa, K. C. (2000). Achieving Equitable Education through Zambian Languages. A paper Presentation at Voices of Change Conference. Cambridge University.\r\n[13]\tMwanakatwe, J. M. (1974). The Growth of Education since Independence. Lusaka. Oxford: University Press.\r\n[14]\tMundende, M. (1997). Teaching of Local Languages. How related to Second Language Teaching. \tPaper presentation at the English Teachers Association (ETAZ)\r\n[15]\tMytton, Graham (1974). Listening, Looking and Learning. Lusaka. Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia.\r\n[16]\tMyers-Scotton, C. (1993). Social Motivations for Code-switching. New York. Oxford University Press.\r\n[17]\tMkandawire, S. B. (2015). The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia\u2019s Multicultural \r\n[18]\tTembo, L. (1975). The Medium of Instruction. The Bulletin of the Zambian Language Group 22.\r\n[19]\tUNESCO (1953). The use of the vernacular languages in education monographs on fundamental \teducation V111. Paris: NESCO.\r\n[20]\tUNESCO (1961). Final Report. Conference of African States on the Development of Education in \tAfrica. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[21]\tUNESCO (1964). Education in Northern Rhodesia. Paris. UNESCO\r\n[22]\tWilliams, E. (1995). Report on Reading in English in Primary Schools in Zambia. London, Overseas Development Administration.\r\n[23]\tZambia Daily Mail (2015). Chief appeals to the President to intervene in resolving the problem of \tteaching of Luvale and Lunda in schools, 29 August\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lufeyo Chitondo,  &#8220;Assessing the effectiveness of Government Policy of compulsory learning of familiar Local Languages at Early Primary School Level on learners\u2019 linguistic skills achievement: A Case of Grade 4 learners in four Primary Schools in Lusaka District of Lusaka Province&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.01-07 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/01-07.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/01-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessing-the-effectiveness-of-government-policy-of-compulsory-learning-of-familiar-local-languages-at-early-primary-school-level-on-learners-linguistic-skills-achievement-a-case-of-grade-4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessing the effectiveness of Government Policy of compulsory learning of familiar Local Languages at Early Primary School Level on learners\u2019 linguistic skills achievement: A Case of Grade 4 learners in four Primary Schools in Lusaka District of Lusaka Province<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff0fb7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bff0fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bff10b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bff10b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bff1260\" data-id=\"bff1260\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff13a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bff13a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bff144d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bff144d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bff15c2\" data-id=\"bff15c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff16e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bff16e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bff1788 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bff1788\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bff18df\" data-id=\"bff18df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff19f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bff19f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bff1a97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bff1a97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bff1be9\" data-id=\"bff1be9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff1d00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bff1d00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bff1daa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bff1daa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bff1f02\" data-id=\"bff1f02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00b48f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00b48f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00b57c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00b57c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00b71b\" data-id=\"c00b71b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00b857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00b857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00b900 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00b900\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00ba9b\" data-id=\"c00ba9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00bbcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00bbcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Critical Success Factors in Implementing E-Rural Development Projects: A Case Study Kegalle, Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>H. A. Seneviratne, W.M.G.K. Wijerathne, M. Thenabadu &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 08-11<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00bc7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00bc7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00be17\" data-id=\"c00be17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00bf52 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c00bf52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Well-adapted information and communication technologies (ICTs) help rural communities improve their standard of living and increase their income levels, facilitating the abolition of poverty. The study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the success of the implementation of an e-rural development project in the Kegalle district of Sri Lanka.\r\nThe population consists of project implementation team members who have worked full-time in Kegalle District as project managers, technical leads, project team members, or consultants on at least one e-rural development project implementation. The total population was 38 people. Questionnaires for interviews were distributed to all members and there were 22 responses received.\r\nThe relevance of critical success factors (CSF) identified in the literature survey was validated through personal interviews with selected 22 project implementation team members who work in rural e-projects. The top ten critical success factors identified in the investigation were: clear project goals\/objectives, top management support, end user commitment, involvement &amp; training, and selecting appropriate technology. Effective communication and information sharing, vendor support and commitment, leadership style (effective decision making), and a focus on demand-driven needs, technological infrastructure and realistic Schedule\r\nThe study&#8217;s significance would be to identify the factors that could affect the successful implementation of e-rural development projects in Sri Lanka in order to reduce project failure, allowing for the development of strategies to ensure the success of e-rural development projects in Sri Lanka.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 08-11\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>H. A. Seneviratne<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Multimedia and Web Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>W.M.G.K. Wijerathne <\/strong><\/span>\r\nTECH- CERT, Pvt Ltd.,1st Floor Bernard Business Park, N0106, Dutugemunu St, Dehiwala Sri Lanka.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M. Thenabadu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agriculture and Food Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Gunasekera, J. (2008, June). Enhancing the Livelihoods of The Rural Poor Through ICT: AKnowledge Map. infoDev&#8217;s working papers series.\r\n[2] MOVEMENT, S.S., 2005. DEVELOPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFORMING TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT: A study of ICT and rural development in Sri Lanka REPORT FOR TIER GROUP, UC BERKELEY\r\n[3] Komasaru, U.I.W. and Abeysekera, R., 2011. Success of e-Sri Lanka in rural ICT development: A study of e-nenasala telecenters in Rathnapura district. In Proceedings of International Conference on Business Management (Vol. 8).\r\n[4] Pade, C., Mallinson, B. and Sewry, D., 2009. An exploration of the critical success factors for the sustainability of rural ICT projects\u2013The Dwesa case study. In Information systems development (pp. 339-352). Springer, Boston, MA\r\n[5] Vimalenthirarajah, K.A., 2006. Success criteria and critical success factors for e-government projects (Doctoral dissertation).\r\n[6] Davidrajuh, R., 2004. Planning e-government start-up: a case study on e-Sri Lanka. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 1(1), pp.92-106.\r\n[7] Dep of Census &amp; Statistics, Sri Lanka (2019): Statistics.gov.lk. 2019. Department of Census and Statistics. [online] Available at: http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/Population\/StaticalInformation\/CPH2011 [Accessed 29 September 2021].\r\n[8] Hossan, C.G., Habib, M.W. and Kushchu, I., 2006. Success and Failure Factors for e-Government projects implementation in developing countries: A study on the perception of government officials of Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Mobile Government, Mobile Government Consortium International (pp. 136-151).\r\n[9] Kumar, A. and Singh, K.M., 2012. Role of ICTs in rural development with reference to changing climatic conditions. ICT FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE, Krishna M. Singh, MS Meena, eds., Narenda Publishing House.\r\n[10] Lim, C.S. and Mohamed, M.Z., 1999. Criteria of project success: an exploratory re-examination. International journal of project management, 17(4), pp.243-248\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">H. A. Seneviratne, W.M.G.K. Wijerathne, M. Thenabadu, &#8220;Critical Success Factors in Implementing E-Rural Development Projects: A Case Study Kegalle, Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.08-11 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/08-11.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/08-11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/critical-success-factors-in-implementing-e-rural-development-projects-a-case-study-kegalle-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Critical Success Factors in Implementing E-Rural Development Projects: A Case Study Kegalle, Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00ce32 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c00ce32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00cf1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00cf1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00d09e\" data-id=\"c00d09e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00d1df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00d1df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00d295 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00d295\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00d3f7\" data-id=\"c00d3f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00d50b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00d50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00d5b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00d5b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00d710\" data-id=\"c00d710\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00d825 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00d825\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c00d8cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c00d8cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c00da27\" data-id=\"c00da27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01059a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01059a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0106ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0106ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01087d\" data-id=\"c01087d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0109cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0109cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c010a92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c010a92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c010c00\" data-id=\"c010c00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c010d29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c010d29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c010dd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c010dd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c010f3f\" data-id=\"c010f3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c011072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c011072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Attitudes of Homicide Victims on their victimization<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Prof. M.W. Jayasundara &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 12-18<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c011121 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c011121\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01129e\" data-id=\"c01129e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0113cd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0113cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In Sri Lanka, the death penalty had been in place since the times of the ancient kings and under the colonial rulers to prevent grave crimes, including murder. From 1956 to 1959 and after June 1976, the death penalty was not carried out in Sri Lanka. However, the homicide rate has declined from 7.6 in 1976 to 2.1 in 2020 even in the absence of the death penalty. It is assumed that rather than capital punishment for homicide, some other significant factors have contributed to a decline in homicides in the country. This study was conducted in 2019 to identify the characteristics of homicide victims in Sri Lanka. Moreover, the background of the offenders and their relationship to the victims were also solicited. The data were collected concerning the 59 homicide victims selected from a random sample drawn from police stations located in nine districts in Sri Lanka. For data collection, a semi-structured interview schedule was utilized.\r\nThe study has revealed that low-income earners and less educated individuals mostly tend to become victims of homicide over minor matters in their daily life. Among them a considerable number of people engaged in blue-collar jobs happen to become victims of homicide over issues that might appear relatively trivial to other people. Previous enmity, family disputes, land disputes and drunkenness have been the precipitating motives for these offenders. This study suggests that creating awareness and disseminating knowledge among the less educated and low-income categories of people can cause a positive change in their conduct towards a peaceful and law-abiding life free from homicide.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 12-18\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. M.W. Jayasundara <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adler, F., Muller, G.O.W., Laufer, W.S. (1995) Criminology. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.\r\n[2] Administration Reports of Inspector General of Police (1974-2020) Sri Lanka.\r\n[3] Hood, R. (1989) The Death Penalty. Oxford: Oxford University of Press.\r\n[4] Hornby, A.S. (1989) Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[5] Penal Code of Sri Lanka 1833\r\n[6] Walsh, A., Hemmens, C. (2011) Introduction to Criminology. USA: Sage Publication In cooperation.\r\n[7] White, R., Perrone, S. (1997) Crime and Social Control: An Introduction. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.\r\n[8] En.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homicide Retrived 05.12.2021\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. M.W. Jayasundara &#8220;The Attitudes of Homicide Victims on their victimization&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.12-18 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/12-18.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/12-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-attitudes-of-homicide-victims-on-their-victimization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Attitudes of Homicide Victims on their victimization<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c012ae8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c012ae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c012bdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c012bdb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c019019\" data-id=\"c019019\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c019195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c019195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c019264 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c019264\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0193d4\" data-id=\"c0193d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0194f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0194f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01959b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01959b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c019741\" data-id=\"c019741\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01986e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01986e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c019916 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c019916\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c019a78\" data-id=\"c019a78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c019b90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c019b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c019c3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c019c3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c019d91\" data-id=\"c019d91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c019eb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c019eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c019f57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c019f57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01a0a7\" data-id=\"c01a0a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01a1be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01a1be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01a25f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01a25f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01a3e0\" data-id=\"c01a3e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01a4ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01a4ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Critically Assess How Transactional and Transformational Leadership Affects Workforce Behaviour<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Christopher Banura Ruyooka &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 19-22<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01a596 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01a596\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01a713\" data-id=\"c01a713\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01a84f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c01a84f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nI. INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nLeadership is possibly one of the most significant facets of organizations (Weihrich et al., 2008). Since leadership is an important factor that contributes significantly to the general wellbeing of the organization, it is equally important to the realization of the vision and mission of the organization (Bans Akutei, 2021). At the same time, Bass (1985) points out a number of theories (e.g., delegative, authoritative, intercultural, freelance, transactional, charismatic, transformational, visionary, and coaching) that have been anticipated to explain the efficacy of leadership. But, only two of these theories (transformational and transactional leaderships) are well known to be the most famous leadership styles in organizations (Awamleh and Gardner, 1999, Bass, 1985, Conger and Kanungo, 1987). In addition, a number of important organizational outcomes are associated with these two leadership styles, to name but a few; contentment, managerial success, solidarity, and responsibility (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1996).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 19-22\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christopher Banura Ruyooka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDoctoral Student, UNICAF University \u2013 Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Awamleh, R. A., &amp; Gardner, W. L. 1999. Perceptions of Leader Charisma and Effectiveness: The Effects of Vision Content, Delivery, and Organizational Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 10(3), pp. 345-373. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1048984399000223\r\n[2] Bans-Akutey, A. (2021). The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. Academia Letters, Article 748. Retrieved from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20935\/AL748\r\n[3] Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/LEADERSHIP-PERFORMANCE-BEYOND-EXPECTATIONSBernard\/dp\/0029018102\r\n[4] Bass, B. M., &amp; Avolio, B. J. (1990). The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, pp. 231\u2013272. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.coursehero.com\/file\/p2hc0ch\/Bass-BM-Avolio-BJ-1990-The-implications-oftransactional-and-transformational\/\r\n[5] Bass, B. M., &amp; Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Retrieved from:https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED387944\r\n[6] Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. Retrieved from:https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/017084069301400309\r\n[7] Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership cited in Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J and Koopman, P. L (1997). Transactional versus Transformational leadership. An analysis of the MLQ, Journal of Occupational &amp; Organizational Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 19 \u2013 34. Retrieved from:https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00628.x\r\n[8] Conger, J. A., &amp; Kanungo, R. N. (1988). Charismatic leadership: the Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness. Retrieved from:https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1988-98415-000\r\n[9] Hater, J. J. &amp; Bass, B. M. (1988). Superiors&#8217; evaluations and subordinates&#8217; perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, pp. 695-702. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Superiors%27-evaluations-and-subordinates%27-ofand-Hater-Bass\/aebff501cd4472342a0ace6d3ae29edd11cfd9b2\r\n[10] Hartog, D., Deanne, N. Van, M., Jaap, J. &amp; Koopman, P. L. (1997). Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology; 70 (3), pp. 19-34. Retrieved from: https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/central\/docview\/199340442\/7B41B83DDCDD4481PQ\/1?accoun tid=188730\r\n[11] House, R. J., Woycke, J. &amp; Fodor, E. M. (1988). Charismatic and noncharismatic leaders: Differences in behavior and effectiveness cited in Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J and\r\n[12] Koopman, P. L (1997). Transactional versus Transformational leadership. An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational &amp; Organizational Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 19 \u2013 34. Retrieved from:https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00628.x\r\n[13] Howell, J. M., &amp; Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated-business unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, pp. 891-902. Retrieved from: https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\/0021-9010.78.6.891\r\n[14] Jung, D. I. (2001). Transformational and transactional leadership and their effects on creativity in groups. Creativity Research Journal, 13 (2), pp. 185\u2013197. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1207\/S15326934CRJ1302_6\r\n[15] Joseph, C. (2015). Transactional Leadership Style Examples. Joseph Chris Partners, 14, pp.\r\n[16] 281, 359-2175. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.josephchris.com\/14-transactional-leadership-style-examples\r\n[17] Katz, L. F., and Krueger, A. B. (2019). \u201cUnderstanding Trends in Alternative WorkArrangements in the United States.\u201d RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 132 \u2013 146. Retrieved from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7758\/rsf.2019.5.5.07\r\n[18] Khalil, U., Iqbal, J. &amp; Khan, A. (2016). Exploring Leadership Styles of School Administrators in Pakistan cited in Nsom, N. K., Teih, M. M., and Sundjo, F. (2019). \u201cThe effects of transactional and transformational leadership on personnel conduct.\u201d International Journal of Research &#8211; Granthaalayah, 7(6), pp. 155-164. Retrieved from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29121\/granthaalayah.v7.i6.2019.784\r\n[19] Kim, J. G. &amp; Lee S. Y. (2011). Effects of transformational and transactional leadership on employees\u2019 creative behaviour: mediating effects of work motivation and job satisfaction. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 19 (2), pp. 233-247. Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/19761597.2011.632590\r\n[20] Kirkpatrick, S. A &amp; Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81 (1), 36-51. Retrieved from:https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/apl\/81\/1\/36.html?uid=1996-00227004\r\n[21] Messick, D. M &amp; Kramer, R, M. (2004). The Psychology of Leadership: New Perspectives and Research. Psychology Press, Amazon France. Retrieved from:https:\/\/books.google.cm\/books\/about\/The_Psychology_of_Leadership.html?id=6Sh5AgAAQ BAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\r\n[22] Pieterse, A. N., Knippenberg, D.V., Schippers, M., &amp; Stam, D. (2010). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behaviour: the moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31, pp, 609\u2013623. Retrieved from:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdfdirect\/10.1002\/job.650\r\n[23] Ronald, J. D. (1998). Relationship of Transformational and Transactional Leadership with Employee Influencing Strategies. Group and Organizational Journal. Retrieved from:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/105960118801300404\r\n[24] Weihrich, H., Cannice, M.V. and Koontz, H. (2008) Management: A global and entrepreneurship perspective (12th ed.). Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/216995898\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Christopher Banura Ruyooka , &#8220;Critically Assess How Transactional and Transformational Leadership Affects Workforce Behaviour&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.19-22 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/19-22.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/critically-assess-how-transactional-and-transformational-leadership-affects-workforce-behaviour\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Critically Assess How Transactional and Transformational Leadership Affects Workforce Behaviour<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01e2c8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c01e2c8\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01e5a5\" data-id=\"c01e5a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01e6f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01e6f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01e7a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01e7a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01e900\" data-id=\"c01e900\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01ea12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01ea12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01eab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01eab9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01ec07\" data-id=\"c01ec07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01ed12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01ed12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01edad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01edad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01eff7\" data-id=\"c01eff7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01f14b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01f14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01f204 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01f204\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01f35e\" data-id=\"c01f35e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01f475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01f475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01f516 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01f516\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01f664\" data-id=\"c01f664\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01f767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01f767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01f80b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01f80b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01f973\" data-id=\"c01f973\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01fa85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01fa85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Service Quality of an Educational Institution Office Employees: Basis For A Proposed Training Design<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Libh Anthony L. Limama, Fatma M. Idris, Roderick C. Rodriguez, Gladys B. Ave, &amp; Alberto N. Bandiola- January 2022- Page No.: 23-45<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01fb23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01fb23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c01fce7\" data-id=\"c01fce7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01fe6e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c01fe6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study aimed to determine the Service Quality of an Educational Institution Office Employees and to propose a training design based on the findings of the study. Convenient sampling technique was used in identifying the 226 respondents. Non-experimental quantitative single-variable research design was used through SERVQUAL model. Google form questionnaires were used in collecting the data. Also, mean and ANOVA techniques were used for statistical tools. Results showed very high level of service quality of Pag-IBIG Fund office employees. Accordingly, the results on service quality such as tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy were on a very high level yet still need for further enhancement as recommended in the study. Moreover, there was significant difference in the service quality of an Educational Institution office employees when analyzed by office divisions in tangibles specifically\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 23-45\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6101<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Libh Anthony L. Limama <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao, Davao Del Norte, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatma M. Idris <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao, Davao Del Norte, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Roderick C. Rodriguez <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao, Davao Del Norte, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gladys B. Ave <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao, Davao Del Norte, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Alberto N. Bandiola <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Mindanao, Davao Del Norte, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Agus, A., Barker, S. &amp; Kandampully, J. (2007). An exploratory study of service quality in the Malaysian public service sector. International Journal of Quality &amp; Reliability Management, 24(2), 177-190.\r\n[2] Ahmed, I. &amp; Islam, T. (2011). Decoding the relationship between employee&#8217;s jobs related behaviors: A study of telecom sector of Pakistan. 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c024830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c024830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0248cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0248cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c024a1c\" data-id=\"c024a1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c024e0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c024e0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c024ea9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c024ea9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c025015\" data-id=\"c025015\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c025127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c025127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enhancing the quality of decisions by administrators: A framework for identifying, classifying and engaging primary school stakeholders in Harare, Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sharon Kwaramba and Stanley Murairwa- December 2021 Page No.: 46-56<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0251cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0251cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c025354\" data-id=\"c025354\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0254af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0254af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">The article identified and classified the primary school stakeholders in Harare, Zimbabwe. The research used a case study and literature analysis results to develop a framework for analysing and classifying primary school stakeholders for enhancing the quality of the decisions by the administrators. The research collected both primary and secondary data from WhatsApp groups of Harare primary school instructors\/teachers and parents\/guardian sand the literature for analysis. The Voluntary sampling design was used to select the respondents. The research used data that was gathered from forty-five journal articles and sixty primary schoolteachers\/instructors and parents\/guardians. The research found that a successful implementation of the primary school stakeholder analysis makes the stakeholder identification and classification processes very simple and easy. There was significant a relationship between the primary school and its stakeholders but there was also challenges. This research developed the Stakeholder Identification, classification and Engagement (SICE) framework for identifying, classifying and engaging primary school stakeholders.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 46-56\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6102<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sharon Kwaramba <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance, Africa University, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stanley Murairwa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance, Africa University, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aapaoja, A., &amp; Haapasalo, H. 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UNESCO.\r\n[68] UNESCO. (2017). Definitions and classifications of the OECD international education statistics. UNESCO. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/definitions-and-classificationsof-the-oecd-international-education-statistics_5jfnt22410xw.pdf\r\n[69] UpCounsel. (2021). Advantages and Disadvantages of Stakeholder Theory. Retrieved from UpCounsel : https:\/\/www.upcounsel.com\/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-stakeholder-theory\r\n[70] Venturelli, A., Cosma, S., &amp; Leopizzi, R. (2018). Stakeholder engagement: An evaluation of European banks. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 690 \u2013 703. doi:10.1002\/csr.1486\r\n[71] Williams, A. S. (2017). Effective Stakeholder Management Strategies for. Walden University.\r\n[72] Wojewnik-Filipkowska, A., &amp; Wegrzyn, J. (2019). Understanding of Public\u2013Private Partnership Stakeholders as a Condition of Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 11(1194), 1 &#8211; 16.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sharon Kwaramba and Stanley Murairwa &#8220;Enhancing the quality of decisions by administrators: A framework for identifying, classifying and engaging primary school stakeholders in Harare, Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.46-56 January 2022\u00a0 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6102<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/enhancing-the-quality-of-decisions-by-administrators-a-framework-for-identifying-classifying-and-engaging-primary-school-stakeholders-in-harare-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Enhancing the quality of decisions by administrators: A framework for identifying, classifying and engaging primary school stakeholders in Harare, Zimbabwe<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c026500 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elementor-element-c026930 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c026930\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c026a88\" data-id=\"c026a88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c026b9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c026b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c026c3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c026c3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c026d8f\" data-id=\"c026d8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c026e9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c026e9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c026f3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c026f3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c027082\" data-id=\"c027082\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0271b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0271b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02724d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02724d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02739d\" data-id=\"c02739d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0274ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0274ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c027546 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c027546\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0276a9\" data-id=\"c0276a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0277bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0277bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Attitude of the Continuous Education of School Dropouts; Study Done in Modara and Mattakkuliya Areas of Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Solangaarachchi T. G. K- January 2022- Page No.: 57-64<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c027853 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c027853\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02d07c\" data-id=\"c02d07c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02d23d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c02d23d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis sociological study is done based on Children who are considered to be the School Dropouts of Adolescents in Urban area of Colombo, Sri Lanka. These Children live under the care of their Parents, grandparents, and with other care givers. The school dropouts in the Urban area of Colombo are found to be the victims of a society which is corrupted strongly due to Socio-Economic factors. The main objective of this Research article is to look into the main causes for students to dropout halfway of their schooling. The primary and secondary data were collected by providing questioners, interviews, and observations using accepted data collecting methods. The collected data are presented using most suited methods to analyze data by charts, tables and descriptive methods. The Parents, Teachers and Key Informants are being questioned as to why the percentage of School dropouts in this area is high and vulnerable. In order to achieve this objective, the questionners have been used particularly with School Dropouts and with their Parents further conduct interviews with Teachers and Key-Informants.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 57-64\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 January 2022<\/p>\r\n\\\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Solangaarachchi T. G. K <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Haralambos, M., with Heald, R. M. (2011). Sociology Themes and Perspectives, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.\r\n[2] Brunt Land Report., (1972).\r\n[3] National Dangerous drugs control Board., (2006). RESEARCH MONOGRAPH, P.146\r\n[4] Perera., (2012). Department of Census and Statistics, DCS Statistics Data Base, Household Income and Expenditure Survey \u2013 2009-10, Colombo: DCS.\r\n[5] Ministry of Education (MOE)., (2017). Survival Rates, Colombo: Statistics Division, MOE.\r\n[6] Sminatharatnam and Chandra., (2004). Social Research Methods and Techniques, Authors, India, Tiruchirappalli, 262p.\r\n[7] Uyangoda, U., (2011). Social Scientists&#8217; Association, Sri Lanka, Colombo, p135.\r\n[8] UNESCO report., (2016). (https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000246230)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Solangaarachchi T. G. K, &#8220;The Attitude of the Continuous Education of School Dropouts; Study Done in Modara and Mattakkuliya Areas of Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.57-64 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/57-64.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/57-64.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-attitude-of-the-continuous-education-of-school-dropouts-study-done-in-modara-and-mattakkuliya-areas-of-sri-lanka-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Attitude of the Continuous Education of School Dropouts; Study Done in Modara and Mattakkuliya Areas of Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02e0b2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c02e0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02e186 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02e186\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02e316\" data-id=\"c02e316\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02e443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02e443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02e4e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02e4e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02e63e\" data-id=\"c02e63e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02e748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02e748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02e7e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02e7e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02e933\" data-id=\"c02e933\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02ea42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02ea42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02eadc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02eadc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02ec99\" data-id=\"c02ec99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02edc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02edc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02ee6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02ee6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02efb9\" data-id=\"c02efb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02f0ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02f0ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02f166 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02f166\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02f2b3\" data-id=\"c02f2b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c02f3b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c02f3b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c02f457 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c02f457\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c02f5c7\" data-id=\"c02f5c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c03e94f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c03e94f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Perceptions of the Usage of WhatsApp for Instruction: A Study of Teachers in Senior High Schools in Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Frederick Owusu-Boakye; Abednego Kofi Bansah; Justice Armah &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 65-75<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c03ea64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c03ea64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c03ec63\" data-id=\"c03ec63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c03edb5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c03edb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The free education policy at the senior high school levels in Ghana resulted in an increase in enrollment numbers which subsequently lead to the adoption of the double track system which necessitated the need to divide students into two tracks. This meant that while one track was in school, the other was on vacation. As such, an innovative way is needed to keep students\u2019 engage especially a track that is on vacation. The purpose of this research was to determine the perception of teachers on the usage of WhatsApp messenger for teaching and learning. A cross-sectional design was employed in this study among 125 senior high school teachers within Tema Metropolis of Ghana. The research revealed that, perceived cost had an effect on teachers perceive usefulness, perceived convenience, perceived effectiveness, perceived trust and perceived intension to use WhatsApp Messenger for teaching and learning. Perceived convenience had a more pronounced effect on perceived usefulness. Implications of the results for scaling up or developing reforms on regular stakeholder\u2019s consultations to understand the concept of using WhatsApp messenger for teaching and learning in high schools with similar context are discussed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 65-75\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6105<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Frederick Owusu-Boakye<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abednego Kofi Bansah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Justice Armah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Frederick Owusu-Boakye; Abednego Kofi Bansah; Justice Armah, &#8220;Perceptions of the Usage of WhatsApp for Instruction: A Study of Teachers in Senior High Schools in Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.65-75 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6105<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/65-75.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/perceptions-of-the-usage-of-whatsapp-for-instruction-a-study-of-teachers-in-senior-high-schools-in-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Perceptions of the Usage of WhatsApp for Instruction: A Study of Teachers in Senior High Schools in Ghana<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c03fc2a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c03fc2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c03fd07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c03fd07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c03fe90\" data-id=\"c03fe90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c03ffc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c03ffc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04006a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04006a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0401d2\" data-id=\"c0401d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0402ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0402ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04038a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04038a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0404d7\" data-id=\"c0404d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0405e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0405e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c040688 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c040688\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0407e1\" data-id=\"c0407e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0408ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0408ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c040991 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c040991\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c040ae6\" data-id=\"c040ae6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c040bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c040bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c040c90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c040c90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c040de2\" data-id=\"c040de2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c040ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c040ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c041143 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c041143\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c04131e\" data-id=\"c04131e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c041446 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c041446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Kigiryama Phonology<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Elizabeth Jumwa Munyaya &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 76-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0414f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0414f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c041667\" data-id=\"c041667\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0417a3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0417a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper provides an in-depth introduction to the Phonology of Kigiryama language. Phonetics is the study of how the sounds of the world\u2019s languages are produced and perceived. Phonology is the study of how these sounds are categorized, contrasted, and organized into larger structures in each language. In this paper, we will begin with a description of the phonotactics of Kigiryama language and Kigiryama syllable structure. Finally, this paper will analyze the phonological processes involved with both vowels and consonants in the language in question. The aim of the study is to give a phonological description of Kigiryama vowels and consonants with a special reference to the phonological processes that occur in these phonemes. Data will be collected through interview schedules and focus group discussions. Analysis of the data will involve first translating the data into English, then classifying and describing the words into the phonological processes of the vowels and consonants. The findings will show that the processes of glide formation, vowel deletion, vowel insertion and vowel height assimilation occur mainly with vowels while the processes of palatalization, labialization and assibilation occur mainly with consonants. Throughout the paper, we will work with real data from a diverse sample of the Kigiryama language. This information is fundamental to any linguistic study since it forms a foundation upon which various levels of linguistic analysis of Kigiyama is based.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 76-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6106<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Elizabeth Jumwa Munyaya <\/strong>\r\nPwani University, Kilifi, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abdulmajid, M.A (2000) LuwangaMorphophonemics. Unpublished M.A Dissertation, University of Nairobi.\r\n[2] Archangeli, Diana &amp; Terence Langendoen. (1997). Optimality Theory: An Overview. Wiley Blackwell\r\n[3] Bauer, L. (2003). Introducing Linguistic Morphology.\r\n[4] Gick, Bryan, Ian Wilson &amp; Donald Derrick. (2013). Articulatory Phonetics. Wiley Blackwell.\r\n[5] Hyman L.M. (2008) Issues in African languages phonology. UC Berkeley Lab Annual Report.\r\n[6] Johnson, Keith. (2011). Acoustic &amp; Auditory Phonetics. Blackwell.\r\n[7] Kumbatha, G. M. (1998) KigiryamaMorphophonemicsin a Natural Generative Framework. Unpublished M.A Dessertation: University of Nairobi\r\n[8] Ladefoged, Peter &amp; Ian Maddieson. (1996). The Sounds of the World\u2019s Languages. Blackwell.\r\n[9] Ladefoged, Peter &amp; Keith Johnson. (2014). A Course in Phonetics. Peter Ladefoged&amp; Keith Johnson. Cengage Press. 5th edition or later\r\n[10] Mweri, G. (1991) NP Movement. A Government and Binding approach. Unpublished M.A. Dissertation. University of Nairobi.\r\n[11] Odden, David. (2005). Introducing Phonology. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[12] Rialland, Annie. (2007). &#8216;Question prosody: an African perspective. In Tomas Riad&amp; Carlos Gussenhoven (eds.), Tones and tunes: Studies in word and sentence prosody, vol. 1, 35-62.Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.\r\n[13] Sirya, M. (1993) Verbal Morphology of Kigiryama. Nairobi: Bible Translation and Literacy\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Elizabeth Jumwa Munyaya &#8220;Kigiryama Phonology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.76-83 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6106<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/76-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/kigiryama-phonology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kigiryama Phonology<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c042766 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c042766\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c042839 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c042839\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0429c3\" data-id=\"c0429c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c042af5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c042af5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c042b9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c042b9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c042cf4\" data-id=\"c042cf4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c042e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c042e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c042ea7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c042ea7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c04303a\" data-id=\"c04303a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04315c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04315c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c043206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c043206\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c043358\" data-id=\"c043358\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c043460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c043460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0434fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0434fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c043647\" data-id=\"c043647\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c046235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c046235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c046334 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c046334\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0464ea\" data-id=\"c0464ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04661d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04661d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0466c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0466c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c046844\" data-id=\"c046844\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c046976 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c046976\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Computer Literacy on Secondary School Students Achievement in Computer Science in Makurdi Local Government Area<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abari M. T., Ukoh J. O., and Kareem, M.A.- January 2022- Page No.: 84-87<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c046a1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c046a1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c046bab\" data-id=\"c046bab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c046ce7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c046ce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis Study investigates the impact of computer literacy on Secondary School students achievement in computer science.Three research questions were asked in the study and 2 research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. This study used causal comparative design. The area of study is Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Makurdi is the capital of Benue State. The target population for this study consisted of final year senior secondary school 3 students in Makurdi, Benue state. The sample of 60 students was randomly selected from the population of 1, 200 students. The sample size for the study is 60 Senior Secondary School 3 students. The sample was determined using random sampling techniques.The questionnaire titled Impact of Computer Literacy on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Computer Science Questionnaire is made up of two sections. Section A and section B. Section A is concerned with bio data of the student while section B is made up of six (6) items. The instrument was validated and a pilot test was carried out in a school outside the target schools for the study and the reliability of the instrument was determined. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested using T-test. The study shows that there is significant impact of computer literacy on secondary school students achievement in computer science and also that there is a significant impact of computer literacy on male and female secondary school students achievement in computer science.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-87\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abari M. T. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ukoh J. O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kareem, M.A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFederal Capital Territory, Secondary Education Board, Area3 Garki Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Ameh N, Kene TS, Ameh EA 2008. Computer knowl- edge amongst clinical year medical students in a re- source poor setting. Africa Health Science, 8(1): 40- 43.\r\n[2] Bj\u00f6rklund Larsen, L. (2018). A fair share of tax: a fiscal anthropology of contemporary Sweden (p. 136). Springer Nature.\r\n[3] Islam MS, Fouji MH 2010. The impact of ICT on stu- dents\u2019 performance: A case study of ASA University Bangladesh. ASA University Review, 4(2): 101-106.\r\n[4] Isma&#8217;Ila, Y. S., Enemali, J. D., Muhammad, M. H., &amp; Nordin, M. S. (2012). Development and Validation of Automobile Technology Learning Environment Inventory in Tertiary Institutions of Nigeria. IAMURE International Journal of Mathematics, Engineering &amp; Technology, 2, 12.\r\n[5] Karamti C 2016. Measuring the impact of ICTs on aca- demic performance: Evidence from higher education in Tunisia. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(4):322-337.\r\n[6] Kareem AA 2015. Effects of computer assisted instruc- tion on students\u2019 academic achievement and attitude in biology in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerg- ing Trends in Educational Research and Policy Stud- ies, 6(1):69-73.\r\n[7] Kasonde Ng\u2019andu, F. H., Haambokoma, N., &amp; Tomaida, M. (2013). The Contribution of Behaviourism Theory to Education. Journal: Zambia Journal of Education, 4(1), 58-74.\r\n[8] Kpoliview, J. P. Obiori, I. E. (2015).Adequacy-inadequacy educational funding in Nigeria.Universal Journal of Education and General Studies, 2 (8), 239-245.\r\n[9] Odusanya OO, Bamgbala OA 2002. Computing and in- formation technology skills of final year medical and dental students at the College of Medicine University of Lagos. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Jour- nal, 9(4):189-193.\r\n[10] Okebukola PA, Woda AB 1993. The gender factor in computer anxiety and interest among some Austra- lian high school students. Educational Research, 35(2): 181-189.\r\n[11] Oketunji, I. (2002) 40 years information and communication Technologies (ICT) library services to the nation. Paper delivered at the Nigeria library association 40th anniversary meeting hel dat ASCON, Topo, Badagry, lagos state, 16th-21st June.\r\n[12] Okpe, V. O. (2018). Effect of instructional material on academic achievement of physics students in secondary schools in udi local government area of enugu state. Effect of instructional material on academic achievement of physics students in secondary schools in Udi Local Government area of Enugu State.\r\n[13] Osman LM, Muir AL 1994. Computer skills and atti- tudes to computer-aided learning among medical stu- dents. Medical Education, 28(5): 381-385.\r\n[14] Oviawe, R. Oshio, E. (2011). The impact of information and communication technologies on teaching and learning ability of education students. Journal of Library and Information Studies. 6: 3 \u2013 6.\r\n[15] Prensky M 2001. Digital natives, digital immigrants (Part II). On the Horizon, 9(6): 1-6.\r\n[16] Ranasinghe P, Wickramasinghe SA, Pieris WAR, Karu- nathilake I, Constantine GR 2012. Computer literacy among first-year medical students in a developing country: A cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 5(1): 504.\r\n[17] Richardson, J. S., Morgan, R. F., &amp; Fleener, C. (2012). Reading to learn in the content areas. Cengage Learning.\r\n[18] Rintaningrum, R. (2009). Literacy: its importance and changes in the concept and definition. Teflin, 20(1), 1-7.\r\n[19] Tella A, Mutula SM 2008. Gender differences in com- puter literacy among undergraduate students at the University of Botswana: Implications for library use. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 13(1): 59-76.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abari M. T., Ukoh J. O., and Kareem, M.A., &#8220;Impact of Computer Literacy on Secondary School Students Achievement in Computer Science in Makurdi Local Government Area&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.84-87 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/84-87.pdf <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/84-87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-computer-literacy-on-secondary-school-students-achievement-in-computer-science-in-makurdi-local-government-area\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Computer Literacy on Secondary School Students Achievement in Computer Science in Makurdi Local Government Area<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c047aef elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c047aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c047bbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c047bbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c047d57\" data-id=\"c047d57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c047e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c047e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c047f1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c047f1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c048079\" data-id=\"c048079\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c048181 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c048181\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04821c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04821c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c04836e\" data-id=\"c04836e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c04847f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c04847f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04851a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04851a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c04866a\" data-id=\"c04866a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0487c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0487c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c04887e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c04887e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0489ce\" data-id=\"c0489ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c048ade elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c048ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c048b77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c048b77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05663b\" data-id=\"c05663b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0567a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0567a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c05686a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c05686a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c056a04\" data-id=\"c056a04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c056b2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c056b2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Untold Stories of Working Students: Failures, Successes, and Prospects<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Glenda C. Magno, Eugenio S. Magno &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 88-97<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c056be2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c056be2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c056d6d\" data-id=\"c056d6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c056eee elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c056eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">TQuality education is the prime dream of every student. However, for the poor and underprivileged students, the burden of acquiring a college degree required a lot of perseverance and hardship. Therefore, this study revealed the experiences of working students&#8217; failures, successes, and prospects. It applied a phenomenological qualitative research design where the twenty (20) identified working students, their select classmates, and teachers served as the population of the study. The data gathered through an in-depth- one-on-one interview with the participants and analyzed with the use of the MAXQDA software. The study revealed the situation of working students is really tough and very stressful. They have difficulty complying with school requirements. The advantages of being a working student help them learn how to prioritize and manage their time and boost their self-confidence. The disadvantages include incurring school tardiness leading to poor academic performance. The strength of working students includes being optimistic and managing setting priorities in life. On the other hand, the weaknesses of having difficulty fixing conflicting schedules and mental exhaustion<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 88-97\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Glenda C. Magno<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Bataan Peninsula State University, San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eugenio S. Magno<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Bataan Peninsula State University, San Ramon, Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdul, H. F. (2016). The life of a working student. Retrieved from. https:\/\/blog.han.nl\/abs\/2016\/05\/14\/the-life-of-a-working-student\/\r\n[2] Curambao, L. S. et. Al. (2015). Problems encountered by working Students Retrieved: https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/38231750\/Problems_encountered_by_workingstudents\r\n[3] Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing Among Five Approaches. USA: SAGE Publication, Inc.\r\n[4] Dante, M. (2016). Daily problems working students face every day. Retrieved: https:\/\/essayrepublic.net\/blog\/daily-problems-working- students-face-every-day\r\n[5] Del Rosario, K. (2020). Unfolding of Filipino School Leadership Experiences in Doha, Qatar. Retrieved from:\r\nhttps:\/\/education.uitm.edu.my\/ajue\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/9.- Ancho-Manuscript-Unfolding-of-Filipino-School-Leadersip.pdf\r\n[6] Ermac D. et.al. (2017). Life of working students: opportunities and challenges cebu normal university. Retrieved from.\r\nhttps:\/\/www.academia.edu\/35758555\/LIFE_OF_WORKING_STUDEN TS_OPPORTUNITIES_AND_CHALLENGES\r\n[7] Faizuddin A. (2018). The experiences of working while studying: a case study of Postgraduate students at international Islamic. Malaysia University Tumin. Retrieved\r\nhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/328379557_ _\r\n[8] Frigillano S. D. et.al. (2015). Lived Experiences of On-Campus Working Students. Open Science Journal of Education. Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 38-42.\r\n[9] Gutierrez, J. F. (2019, March). TWO IN ONE: STRUGGLES OF A WORKING STUDENT Retrieved:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/331815496_2in1struggles of working students\r\n[10] Jewell*, S. (2014). The Impact of Working While Studying on Educational and Labour Market. Business and Economics Journal.\r\n[11] Kwadzo M. (2014). International students\u2019 experience of studying and working at a Northeastern public university in the US. Journal of International Students Online Volume 4, Issue 3 (2014), pp. 279-291 Retrieved from. http:\/\/jistudents.org\/\r\n[12] Matano, A. D. (2016). The Impact of Working while Studying on the. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aiel.it\/cms\/cms-files\/submission\/all20160608164320.pdf\r\n[13] Montemayor, M. (2018). Free college education in full swing in 2018. Retrieved from. https:\/\/www.pna.gov.ph\/articles\/1057514.\r\n[14] Raykov, C. S. (2018, July 04). Studying and Working\u2014Hurdle or Springboard? Widening Access to Higher Education for Working Students in Malta.\r\n[15] Schoffstall D. G. &amp; Arendt S. W. (2014). Benefits and challenges encountered by working students. Pages 10-20 | published online: 14 Mar 2014.Retrieved.https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10963758.2014.880614\r\n[16] Villahermosa, M.E., et.al. (2015). working scholars: life as a worker and an academic performer. Retrieved from. https:\/\/ejournals.ph\/article.php?id=11767\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Glenda C. Magno, Eugenio S. Magno, &#8220;The Untold Stories of Working Students: Failures, Successes, and Prospects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.88-97 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/88-97.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/88-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-untold-stories-of-working-students-failures-successes-and-prospects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Untold Stories of Working Students: Failures, Successes, and Prospects<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c057da3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c057da3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0581d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0581d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c058326\" data-id=\"c058326\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c058439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c058439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0584d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0584d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05862d\" data-id=\"c05862d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05873e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c05873e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0587db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0587db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c058936\" data-id=\"c058936\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c058a4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c058a4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c058aec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c058aec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c058c35\" data-id=\"c058c35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c058d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c058d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c05e470 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c05e470\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05e669\" data-id=\"c05e669\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05e7a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c05e7a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c05e865 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c05e865\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05e9e2\" data-id=\"c05e9e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05eaf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c05eaf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Private Sector Credit Provision in Periods of Fluctuating Capital Inflows in Nigeria: Does each Regime Change Influence Credit Provision Differently?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nzeh, Innocent Chile, Benedict I. Uzoechina, Millicent Adanne Eze, Chika P. Imoagwu and Ozoh Joan Nwamaka &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 98-113<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c05ebb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c05ebb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05ed58\" data-id=\"c05ed58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05ee95 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c05ee95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Our study aims to find the link between capital inflows and credit to private sector over a period of 2010M01-2021M08 and to identify if the behavior of banks\u2019 credit in each regime differ. Under the framework of ARDL, in the first sub-sample, findings show that capital inflows negatively impacts on credit to private sector in the short-run, while in the long-run, the impact is positive though not significant. The study also finds that the interaction of capital inflows with the dummy variable leads to a positivesignificant impact of capital inflows on credit to private sectorin the short-run. In the second sub-sample, findings show that the impact of capital inflows on credit to private sector is positive but not significant both in the short-run and in the long-run. However, when capital inflows interact with the dummy variable, the impact on credit to private sector is negative and significant in both the short and long-run. Consequently, we recommend that different policy measures should be adopted to suit different shocks to the macroeconomic environment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 98-113\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6112<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nzeh, Innocent Chile<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, Enugu State, Nigeria <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Benedict I. Uzoechina <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Millicent Adanne Eze <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Business and Social Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chika P. Imoagwu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ozoh Joan Nwamaka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Acheampong, K. (2019).The interaction effect of foreign capitalinflows and financial development oneconomic welfare in sub-Saharan Africa.Financial Innovation, 5(25), 2-33.\r\n[2] Akinci, O.,&amp; Queralto, A. (2014).Banks, capital flows and financial crises. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Discussion Papers Number 1121\r\n[3] Bailliu, J. N. (2000). Private capital flows, financial development,and economic growth in developing countries. Bank of Canada Working Paper 2000-15\r\n[4] Barbosa, L., Bilan, A.,&amp; Celerier, C. (2020). Capital inflows, credit growth and skill allocation Retrieved from: https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2981127\r\n[5] Baskayaa, Y. S., Giovanni\u00b8 J., Kalemli-\u00d6zcanc, S., Peydrob, J. &amp; Ulu, M. (2017). Capital flows and the international credit channel. Journal of International Economics, 108, 15\u201322.\r\n[6] Cesar, C. &amp; Megumi, K. (2021). Gross inflows gone wild: Gross capital inflows, credit booms and crises.Policy Research Working Papers 08.\r\n[7] Gabriel, M. T. (2016).Leveraging Nigeria\u2019s economic development: Foreigncapital inflow or financial system?Account and Financial Management Journal, 1(3), 183-196.\r\n[8] Ghilardi, M. F. &amp; Peiris, S. J. (2014). Capital flows, financial intermediation and macroprudential policies. Asia Pacific Department, Research Department and Strategy, Policy and Review Department. IMF Working Paper WP\/14\/157\r\n[9] Kaat, D. M. (2017). International capital flows and the allocation of credit across Firms. Conference participants at the University of Osnabr\u00fcck, at the Deutsche Bundesbank, at the 10th Conference for Macroeconomics (ifo Dresden and University of Hamburg), at the German Economic Association and at the German Finance Association.\r\n[10] Kolapo, T., Funso,A. R., Oke, K.,&amp;Ojo, M. (2012). Credit risk and commercial banks\u2019 performance in Nigeria: A panel model approach. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(02), 31-38.\r\n[11] Leybourne, S.J. &amp; Newbold, P. (2003). Spurious rejections by cointegration tests induced by structural breaks. Applied Economics, 35(9), 1117-1121\r\n[12] Lucas, R. (1976). Econometric policy evaluation: A critique, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1, New York: American Elsevier.\r\n[13] Perron, P. (1997). Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables. Journal of Econometrics, 80(2), 355-385.\r\n[14] Pesaran, M., &amp; Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to co- integration analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[15] Pesaran, M., Shin, Y., &amp; Smith, R. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships.Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.\r\n[16] Rummel, O. (2015). Economic modelling and forecasting.Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, 1-5.\r\n[17] Steffen, C. G. (2011). Business cycles and financial intermediation in emerging economies. German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Seminar on Macro and International Economics\r\n[18] Tong, H.,&amp; Wei, S. (2008). The composition matters: capital inflows and liquidity crunch during a global economic crisis. The Review of Financial Studies, 24(6), 2023-2052.\r\n[19] Vinayagathasan, T. (2013). Monetary policy and the real economy: A Structural VAR Approach for Sri Lanka.National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nzeh, Innocent Chile, Benedict I. Uzoechina, Millicent Adanne Eze, Chika P. Imoagwu and Ozoh Joan Nwamaka, &#8220;Private Sector Credit Provision in Periods of Fluctuating Capital Inflows in Nigeria: Does each Regime Change Influence Credit Provision Differently?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.98-113 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6112<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/98-113.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/private-sector-credit-provision-in-periods-of-fluctuating-capital-inflows-in-nigeria-does-each-regime-change-influence-credit-provision-differently\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Private Sector Credit Provision in Periods of Fluctuating Capital Inflows in Nigeria: Does each Regime Change Influence Credit Provision Differently?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c05fcdf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c05fcdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c05fdb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c05fdb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c05ff3e\" data-id=\"c05ff3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c060066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c060066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c060242 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c060242\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06042b\" data-id=\"c06042b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06055e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06055e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c060609 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c060609\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c060791\" data-id=\"c060791\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0608a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0608a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06094c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06094c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c060aa6\" data-id=\"c060aa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c060bbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c060bbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c060c58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c060c58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c060da9\" data-id=\"c060da9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c060efc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c060efc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c060fa9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c060fa9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c061105\" data-id=\"c061105\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c061219 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c061219\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0612bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0612bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06146c\" data-id=\"c06146c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06159e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06159e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Integrating the Information Systems: Proposal to develop a Library LMS<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>D.N.T. Gunawardhana &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 114-117<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c061662 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c061662\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0617ef\" data-id=\"c0617ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06191f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c06191f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Library is not limited to offering resources for learning and teaching. Traditional library services are rapidly changing and library professionals are going beyond their limits of the duty list to provide maximum contribution to their users. They are coming out of the library and serve as resource persons, instructors, lecturers, research helpers, mentors, counselors and play many roles in the academic environment. They are giving their contribution to enhance learning and teaching by conducting lectures, seminars and workshops on research based sessions such as literature searching, plagiarism, referencing, thesis writing, abstract writing, research publishing, data analysis, research methodology etc. These works (content and knowledge) should be stored in an information system such as the University Learning Management System (LMS). With the COVID pandemic situation the need for such a system is very high due to the importance of online learning environment. That is why Library Learning Management System (Library LMS) is subjected to discussion. The duty list of library professionals is being redefined accordingly. Library professionals consist of the multidisciplinary subject streams. They contribute to teaching by conducting online lectures, creating online learning materials, providing new tools and techniques, conducting consultancy for research support using their subject knowledge. Then students will get many benefits such as download available learning materials, video lectures, make an appointment for online tutors, get \u201cask help\u201d service and meet subject specialists when they have a \u201cLibrary LMS\u201d. It may have two tasks when establish a \u201cLibrary LMS\u201d. The first task is to develop a \u201cLibrary LMS\u201d as a sub system of the existing Library Management System. The second task is to integrate it with the University LMS.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 114-117\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6107<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.N.T. Gunawardhana <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Ajibade, P., &amp; Mutula, S. M. (2020). Virtual learning: a disruptive service in academic libraries. Library Hi Tech News.\r\n[2] Farkas, M. G. (2015). Libraries in the learning management system. Instructional technologies tips and trends. https:\/\/acrl. ala. org\/IS\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/summer2015. pdf.\r\n[3] Gunawardhana, D. N. T. (2018). Improving the Service Quality of Higher Education Institutions: Special reference to Information Systems. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Computers, Science and Engineering, 7(11), 13-17.\r\n[4] Kampa, R.K. (2017), &#8220;Bridging the gap: integrating the library into Moodle learning management system a study&#8221;, Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 16-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/LHTN-11-2016-0055\r\n[5] Krier, L. (2021). Library curriculum outside the classroom: Connecting library services to student learning. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(2), 102303.\r\n[6] Landis, C. (2016). Librarians in Learning Management Systems: Strategies and Suggestions. Got a minute? Instruction tune-up for time pressed librarians.\r\n[7] Lockhart, J. (2021), &#8220;Embedding an information literacy course into a learning management system: a case study&#8221;, Library Management, Vol. 42 No. 6\/7, pp. 376-394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/LM-09-2020-0129\r\n[8] Papic, A., &amp; Stricevic, I. (2012). Integration of academic libraries&#8217; e-services into learning management system: students&#8217; perception. In Management, Knowledge and Learning International Conference (pp. 239-246).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D.N.T. Gunawardhana &#8220;Integrating the Information Systems: Proposal to develop a Library LMS&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.114-117 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6107<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/114-117.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/integrating-the-information-systems-proposal-to-develop-a-library-lms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Integrating the Information Systems: Proposal to develop a Library LMS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c062722 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c062722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0627f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0627f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06298d\" data-id=\"c06298d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c062b99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c062b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c062c6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c062c6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c062de8\" data-id=\"c062de8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c062f03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c062f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c062fa6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c062fa6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0630ff\" data-id=\"c0630ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06320f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06320f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0632ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0632ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0633f5\" data-id=\"c0633f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0634fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0634fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0635a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0635a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0636eb\" data-id=\"c0636eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0637f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0637f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0638b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0638b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c063a44\" data-id=\"c063a44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c063b81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c063b81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c063c31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c063c31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c063db4\" data-id=\"c063db4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c063ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c063ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enhancement of the knowledge on the drop in levels in Benin&#8217;s high schools and colleges: Case of Fonkpam\u00e8 College<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>AITCHEDJI Magloire Fortun\u00e9 Landry, HOUEHA Noukpo Saturnin, KELANI R.Raphael- January 2022- Page No.: 118-123<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c063f6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c063f6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0640ec\" data-id=\"c0640ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06422d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c06422d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe gradual decline in the level of learners is one of the main difficulties currently facing education in Benin. While numerous efforts are being made by socio-political stakeholders, there is limited scientific documentation on the real causes of this scourge. This study aims at identifying the main causes of the drop in level of trainees in Benin&#8217;s high schools and Colleges. The study was carried out at the \u201cColl\u00e8ge d&#8217;Enseignement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u201d (CEG) of Fonkpam\u00e8 in Benin. The research methodology was based on the analysis of trainees&#8217; academic results over a period of three years and on semi-structured interviews with a sample of 50 teachers and 120 trainees. The outcomes was a drop in academic performance between 2012-2013 and 2014-2015 at both level 1 and level 2 with increasingly high dropout rates. Highlighting the associated parameters to this drop in level revealed that 74% of learners with a home away from their school, 66% of learners with an illiterate parent, 72% of learners having no access to school books and reinforcement, 91% of learners paying their own school fees, 84% of learners who admit to having regular and uncontrolled access to social networks and 68% of learners without any follow-up from their parents, 70% of learners aged 15-17 in 5th form did not obtain the average. Hence, these factors have an impact on the academic performance of trainees. It would be important to extend this study to other high schools and colleges in Benin in order to take general measures of pedagogical, didactic, technical and social reforms to improve the performance of the Beninese educational system.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 118-123\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6108<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AITCHEDJI Magloire Fortun\u00e9 Landry <\/strong><\/span>\r\nEcole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM (B\u00e9nin)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>HOUEHA Noukpo Saturnin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEcole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM (B\u00e9nin)\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>KELANI R.Raphael<\/strong><\/span>\r\nEcole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM (B\u00e9nin)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Rapport d\u2019\u00c9tat sur le Syst\u00e8me \u00c9ducatif National. (2005). El\u00e9ments de synth\u00e8se de l\u2019\u00e9tude : Le syst\u00e8me b\u00e9ninois\u202f; Performance et espaces d\u2019am\u00e9lioration pour la politique \u00e9ducative.https:\/\/dakar.iiep.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/fields\/publication_files\/synthese_resen_benin_0.pdf\r\n[2] Agbodjogb\u00e9, B., Amade-Escot, C. et Attikl\u00e8m\u00e8, K. (2013). La r\u00e9forme des curriculums par comp\u00e9tences au B\u00e9nin: Le point de vue des acteurs en \u00e9ducation physique et sportive et en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre.\u00c9ducation et socialisation, 34.\r\n[3] Napporn, C. et Baba-Moussa A. (2013). Accompagnement et soutien scolaires\u202f: l\u2019exp\u00e9rience b\u00e9ninoise.Revue internationale d\u2019\u00e9ducation de S\u00e8vres, 62(1), 79\u201188.\r\n[4] Affo, M. A. (2004). Promotion de la scolarisation des enfants au B\u00e9nin\u202f: le d\u00e9partement du Mono, un exemple de r\u00e9ussite.https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/fr\/document\/view\/16854499\/promotion-de-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-au-benin-colloque-\r\n[5] Revue du secteur de l\u2019\u00e9ducation. (2008), Memorandum.\r\n[6] Karsenti, T. Mieux former les enseignants dans la Francophonie. Principaux enjeux actuels et futurs, Montr\u00e9al.file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ASSOGBA%20Ph%C3%A9nix\/Downloads\/Improving_teacher_training_in_Francophone_contexts_insights_for_education_planners.pdf\r\n[7] LM. (2013). Baisse de niveau des \u00e9coliers dans le Zou: Les Directeurs d\u2019\u00e9cole accusent les Normaliens. http:\/\/news.acotonou.com\/h\/11988.html.\r\n[8] Sorgho, R. (2008). Origine sociale et performances scolaires\u202f: analyse de l\u2019influence des facteurs socio- \u00e9conomiques sur les r\u00e9sultats scolaires. Etude de cas du lyc\u00e9e Rial\u00e9 et du coll\u00e8ge Naaba Zoungrana de Tenkodogo.M\u00e9moire de Maitrise, Universit\u00e9 de Ouagadougou, UFR- SH, D\u00e9partement de sociologie.\r\n[9] Djallo, A. (2009). Impact de l\u2019action parentale sur la performance scolaire au B\u00e9nin\u202f: relation communicationnelle, suivi des \u00e9tudes et incitation \u00e0 l\u2019excellence, M\u00e9moire de fin de formation pour l\u2019obtention du Master en \u00c9conomie Publique et Statistique Appliqu\u00e9e.\r\n[10] Yuang, 2003.\r\n[11] Schiller, S.,Khmelkov, T. et Wang, X. (2002). Economic Development and the Effects of Family Characteristics on Mathematics Achievement.Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 730\u2011742.\r\n[12] A. MAIGA, 1990.\r\n[13] Sharif, I. et Sargent, J. D. (2006). Association Between Television, Movie, and Video Game Exposure and School Performance.Pediatrics, 118(4), e1061\u2011e1070.\r\n[14] Dehmler, K. (2009). Adolescent technology usage during sleep-time: does it influence their quality of sleep, attention difficulties and academic performance?. PhD Thesis, https:\/\/scholarworks.rit.edu\/theses\/6829\/.\r\n[15] Paik, H. (2000). Television Viewing and High School Mathematics Achievement: A Neural Network Analysis. Quality&amp;Quantity, 34(1), 1\u201115.\r\n[16] Pombeni, M. L.,Zappal, S. et Guglielmi, D. (2002). Exp\u00e9rience scolaire et d\u00e9veloppement psychosocial\u202f: une recherche sur les adolescents. L\u2019orientation scolaire et professionnelle, 31(3).\r\n[17] Scharmann, G.(2011). Rejets d\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence.Enfances&amp; Psy,52, 78\u201188.\r\nUne \u00e9ducation de qualit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessite des enseignants qualifi\u00e9s \u00bb, UNESCO, 03-oct-2014.Availableon:https:\/\/fr.unesco.org\/news\/%C3%A9ducation-qualit%C3%A9-n%C3%A9cessite-enseignants-qualifi%C3%A9s. [Consult\u00e9 le: 07-nov-2018].\r\n[18] Bellarbre, E. Caract\u00e9ristiques des enseignants et r\u00e9ussite scolaire. 59 p\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AITCHEDJI Magloire Fortun\u00e9 Landry, HOUEHA Noukpo Saturnin, KELANI R.Raphael, &#8220;Enhancement of the knowledge on the drop in levels in Benin&#8217;s high schools and colleges: Case of Fonkpam\u00e8 College&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.118-123 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6108 <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/118-123.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/enhancement-of-the-knowledge-on-the-drop-in-levels-in-benins-high-schools-and-colleges-case-of-fonkpame-college\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Enhancement of the knowledge on the drop in levels in Benin&#8217;s high schools and colleges: Case of Fonkpam\u00e8 College<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c065039 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c065039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0671f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0671f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c067408\" data-id=\"c067408\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06754b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06754b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c067609 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c067609\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c067769\" data-id=\"c067769\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c067c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c067c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c067d59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c067d59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c067ef6\" data-id=\"c067ef6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06803a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06803a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0680e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0680e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c068243\" data-id=\"c068243\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c068351 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c068351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c068401 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c068401\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c068588\" data-id=\"c068588\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0686b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0686b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06874f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06874f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06a1bb\" data-id=\"c06a1bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06a393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06a393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06a461 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06a461\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06a717\" data-id=\"c06a717\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06a93c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06a93c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>In vitro Regeneration protocol for Mulberry Morus alba L. through Tissue Culture Techniques<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Md. Sohel Rana, Muhammad Nurul Amin and Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 124-128<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06aa06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06aa06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06abfd\" data-id=\"c06abfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06d759 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c06d759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research work was taken for enormous production of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) through micropropagation techniques. Surface sterilization of the explants collected from the field grown mature plants was important and it was done with 0.1% HgCl\u2082 (Mercuric chloride) solution at different durations. Result showed that duration of the treatment was the best at 12 minutes for both shoot tips and nodal segments. Axillary shoot proliferation of nodal explants was better than that of (terminal) shoot tips. Data analysis showed that cytokinin BAP (6-Benzyl aminopurine) was more effective than Kn (Kinetin) for axillary shoot proliferation. The MS medium supplemented with 6.0 \u00b5M was the best to grow 100% shoot proliferation of the explants where the average length was 5.57cm \u00b1 0.05. On the other hand, different concentration and type of auxin affected greatly to induce number and percentage of roots per shoot. In this case, half MS medium supplemented with 6.0 \u00b5M IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) was showed the highest percentage (100%) of root regeneration where the average length was 4.21cm \u00b1 0.07.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 124-128\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6109<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Sohel Rana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nRegional Bamboo Research and Training Centre, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Domar, Nilphamari-5340, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Nurul Amin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Ahmed, H. and Ammen, B. Z. (2019). Atropa belladonna L. By Tissue Culture and Determination of Some Alkaloids in Callus. Horticulture Science and Landscape Design (Plant Tissue Culture), University of Mosul, College of Agriculture and Forestry.\r\n[2] Al-Joboury, Kh. R. (2012). In Vitro Propagation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad.\r\n[3] Amiri, S., Kazemitabar, S. K., Ranjbar, G. A. and Azadbakht, M. (2010). In vitro propagation and whole plant regeneration from callus in Datura (Datura stramonium. L). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(3), 442-448.\r\n[4] Anis, M. and Faisal, M. (2005). In vitro regeneration and mass multiplication of Psoraleacorylifolia-an endangered medicinal plant. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 4 (2), 261-264.\r\n[5] Anjum, S., Haider Abbasi, B. (2016). Biomimetic synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles using in vitro-propagated plantlets of a medicinally important endangered species (Phlomisbracteosa). International Journal OfNanomedicine, 11, 1663-1675.\r\n[6] Butt, M. S., Nazir, A., Sultan, M. T. &amp;Scho\u0451n, K. (2008). Morus alba L. nature\u2019s functional tonic, Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology, 19, 505\u2013512.\r\n[7] Cano-castillo, M., Serrano-Martinez, F., and Casas, J.L. (2009). In-vitro propagation of Astragalus nitidiflorus (Leguminosae), an endemic and endangered species from South-East of Spain. Acta Horticulturae, 812, 545-550.\r\n[8] Datwyler, S. L. and Weiblen, G. D. (2004). On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from NDHF sequences, pp. 767-777.\r\n[9] Durak, D., Kalender, S., Gokce, F., Demyr, F. and Kalender, Y. (2010). Mercury chloride- induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and the effect of vitamins C and E in vitro. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(4), 488-495.\r\n[10] Gulzar, B., Mujib, A., Malik, M. Q. J., Rukaya, S. and Zafar, N. (2020). Transgenic Technology Based Value Addition in Plant Biotechnology, pp. 25-49.\r\n[11] Hussain, A., Qarshi, I. A., Nazir, H. and Ikram, U. I. (2012). Plant Tissue Culture: Current Status and Opportunities, Intech Open Limited, London, United Kingdom, pp. 1-28.\r\n[12] Jamal, M. A. H. M., Sharif, I. H., Shakil, M. M., Rahman, A. N. M. R-B., Banu, N. A., Islam, M. R. and Nazmuzzaman, M. (2016). In vitro regeneration of a common medicinal plant, Ocimum sanctum. L. for mass propagation, 15 (24), pp. 1269 -1275.\r\n[13] Karuppusamy, S., Kiranmai, C., Aruna, V., and Pullaiah, T. (2006). Micropropagation of Vanasushavapetada- anendangered medicinal plant of South India. Plant Tissue Culture of Biotechnology, 16(2), 85-94.\r\n[14] Leelavathi, D. and Kuppan, N. (2013). In vitro regeneration from apical bud of Rosmarinus officinalis L. An important medicinal Plant. Banat&#8217;s Journal of Biotechnology, 4(8), 14-19.\r\n[15] Lochynska, M. and Oleszak, G. (2011). Multi-use of the white mulberry (Morus alba L.). Department of Silkworms Breeding and Mulberry Cultivation, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, WojskaPolskiego, Poznan, Poland. Journal of Ecological Questions, 15, 91 \u2013 95.\r\n[16] Loyola-Vargas, V.M. and Ochoa-Alejo, N. (2018). An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture: Advances and Perspectives. Humana Press, New York, pp. 3-13.\r\n[17] Machii, H., Koyama, A. and Yamanouchi, H. (2002). Mulberry Breeding, Cultivation and Utilization in Japan, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan.\r\n[18] Manjkhola, S., Dhar, U. and Joshi, M. (2005). Organogenesis, embryogenesis and synthetic seed production in Arnebiaeuchroma- a critically endangered medicinal plant of the Himalaya. In-vitrocelluler and Developmental Biology-Plant, 41(3), 244-248.\r\n[19] Mekonnen, T., Diro, M. and Sharma, M. (2013). An alternative safer and cost effective surface sterilization method for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) explants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(44), 6282-6286.\r\n[20] Nalawade, S. M. and Sagare, A. (2003). Studies on tissue culture of Chinese medicinal plant resources in Taiwan and their sustainable utilization. Botanical Bulletin Academia Sinica Taipei, 44 (2), 79-98.\r\n[21] Prabhuling, G. and Huchesh, H. (2018). In Vitro Regeneration in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa using Double Nodal Segments. Centre for Horticulture Biotechnology, Directorate of Research, University of Horticulture Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 13 (8), 1-8.\r\n[22] Rahman, M. M., Amin, M. N., Ishiguri, F., Yokota, S., Sultana, R. S., Takashima, Y., Lizuka, K. and Yoshizawa, N. (2009). In vitro plantlet regeneration of &#8220;dwarf&#8221; Indian olive (Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb.): A fruit plant of Bangladesh. Plant Biotechnology reports, 3 (3), 259-266.\r\n[23] Rahmathulla, V.K. (2012). Management of Climatic Factors for Successful Silkworm (Bombax mori L.) Crop and Higher Silk Production. A Review, Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/121234\r\n[24] Risher, J.F. and Amler, S.N. (2005). Mercury exposure: evalution and intervention, the inappropriate use of chelating agents in diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning. Neuro Toxicology, 26(4), 691-699. .\r\n[25] Sharma, M.K., Sharma, A., Kumar, A. and Kumar, M. (2007). Spirulina fusiformis provides protection against mercuric choride induced oxidatives stress in Swiss albino mice. Food chemical Toxicology, 45, 2412-2419.\r\n[26] WHO, (2005). Mercury in drinking water.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Sohel Rana, Muhammad Nurul Amin and Mustafa Abul Kalam Azad, &#8220;In vitro Regeneration protocol for Mulberry Morus alba L. through Tissue Culture Techniques&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.124-128 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6109<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/124-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/in-vitro-regeneration-protocol-for-mulberry-morus-alba-l-through-tissue-culture-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>In vitro Regeneration protocol for Mulberry Morus alba L. through Tissue Culture Techniques<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06e76f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c06e76f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06e850 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06e850\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06e9e6\" data-id=\"c06e9e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-id=\"c06f32c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06f43c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06f43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06f4fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06f4fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06f664\" data-id=\"c06f664\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06f777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06f777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06f815 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06f815\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06f96d\" data-id=\"c06f96d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06fa74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06fa74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06fb16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06fb16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06fc7c\" data-id=\"c06fc7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c06fdbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c06fdbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The relationship between internal control system and business survival in the COVID-19 pandemic era<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ALASHE, Abdulganiyy Kayode, ADEFOLURIN, Festus Adesegun, BELLO, Abass Oyeshola &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 129-135<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c06fe67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c06fe67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c06fffc\" data-id=\"c06fffc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07016c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c07016c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe necessity for survival has grown increasingly prominent as an overriding goal of every corporate organization in this COVID-19 pandemic period. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between internal control systems and business survival in the face of the current pandemic. A descriptive survey research design was used for the investigation. Primary data were obtained from a sample of 382 SMEs&#8217; owners chosen at random from a population of 8,395 registered SMEs in Lagos State using a simple random sampling technique. The data gathering instrument was a five-item Likert scale questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty copies of the scale were returned and used in the study, representing a 60.20 percent survey response rate. Pearson correlation was used to test the hypotheses. The study&#8217;s findings revealed a positive relationship between internal control systems and business survival in the pandemic era. It was determined that internal control systems were a successful instrument for organizational control and commercial survival during the pandemic era. Accordingly, the study recommended that business owners should ensure that a vibrant internal control system is put in place to aid management in effective control of the organization especially in pandemic era to ensure business survival.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 129-135\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ALASHE, Abdulganiyy Kayode <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, School of Management and Business Studies, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu,\r\nLagos State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADEFOLURIN, Festus Adesegun <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, School of Management and Business Studies, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu,\r\nLagos State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>BELLO, Abass Oyeshola <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, School of Management and Business Studies, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu,\r\nLagos State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abbas, Q., &amp; Iqbal, J. (2012). Internal control system: Analyzing theoretical perspective and practices. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 12(4), 530-538.\r\n[2] Agbenyo, W., Jiang, Y., &amp; Cobblah, P. K. (2018). Assessment of government internal control system on financial reporting quality in Ghana: A case study of Ghana Revenue Authority. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(11), 39-51.\r\n[3] Al-Hazmi, M. H. (2013). Internal control and accounting policies and procedures practices: An institutional perspective. African Journal of Business Management, 7(4), 285-295.\r\n[4] Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z. B., Glaeser, E. L., Luca, M., &amp; Stanton, C. T. (2020). How are small businesses adjusting to COVID-19? Early evidence from a survey. NBER Working Paper No. w26989.\r\n[5] Carausu, D. (2015). Monitor and control in companies: An agency theory approach. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 2(special issue), 46-60.\r\n[6] Cetin, H., &amp; Yetis, Z. (2017). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control system in hotel business. Proceedings of the Annual Vietnam. Academic Research Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance &amp; Management Science (AP17 Vietnam Conference) Hai Phong \u2013 Hanoi, Vietnam. 18-19.\r\n[7] COSO (2019). COSO internal control-integrated framework: An implementation guide for the healthcare provider industry. COSO.\r\n[8] Davidson, R., Goodwin-Stewart, J., &amp; Kent, P. (2005). Internal Governance Structures and Earnings Management, Journal Accounting and Finance, 45 (2).\r\n[9] Davis J. H., Schoorman F.D., Donaldson L. (1997). Towards a Stewardship Theory of Management. Academy of Management Review. 22.\r\n[10] Donnellan, J. T., &amp; Rutledge W. (2016). Agency theory in banking -Lessons from the 2007-2010 Financial Crisis. International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science,\r\n[11] Eke, G. O. (2018). Internal control and financial performance of hospital organisations in Rivers State. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 6(3), 32-52.\r\n[12] Emerson, W.M., Alves, H. &amp; Raposo, M. (2011). Stakeholder theory: Issues to resolve. Management Decision, 49(2), 226-252.\r\n[13] Fairlie, R. (2020a). The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence of early-stage losses from April 2020 current population survey. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13311.\r\n[14] Fairlie, R. (2020b). The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence of early-stage losses from the first months after widespread social-distancing restrictions. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 29(9), Doi.10.1111\/jems.12400.\r\n[15] Ibrahim, S., Diibuzie, G., &amp; Abubakari, M. (2017). The impact of internal control systems on financial performance: The case of Health Institutions in Upper West Region of Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 684-697.\r\n[16] Iin, A., Siti, A., &amp; Nur K. I. (2016). The Role of Risk and Sustainability Management in the Effects of Corporate Governance on Firm Value. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 4(6), 14-32.\r\n[17] Ilias, N., Abdulatiff, N. K., &amp; Mohamed, N. (2016). Management control system and performance: Accountability attributes in local authorities. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 26-35.\r\n[18] Jensen M.&amp; Meckling W. (1976). Theory of the Firm, Managerial Behaviour, Agency Cost and Capital Structure. Journal of Financial Economics. 4.\r\n[19] Kumuthinidevi, S. (2016). A study on effectiveness of the internal control system in the private banks of Trincomalee, International Journal of Scientific and research Publications, 6(6), 600-612.\r\n[20] Muhunyo, B. M., &amp; Jagongo, A. O. (2018). Effect of internal control systems on financial performance of public institutions of higher learning in Nairobi City County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(2), 273-287.\r\n[21] Najah, E. A., &amp; Omar, T. (2018). The contribution of internal audit to the improvement of internal control system. European Scientific Journal, 14(7), 200-230.\r\n[22] Ngugi K. (2011). A survey of internal control systems among the listed private companies and the public sector companies in Kenya. Unpublished Research Thesis. University of Nairobi.\r\n[23] Nunally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.\r\n[24] Olughor, R. J., &amp; Oke, M. A. (2014). The relationship between organizational survival and employee mental ability. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(6), 205-213.\r\n[25] Paul, J. O., &amp; Eketu, C. A. (2018). Workforce diversity and organizational survival of manufacturing firms in Rivers State. International Journal of Business Systems and Economics, 12(2), 59-79.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ALASHE, Abdulganiyy Kayode, ADEFOLURIN, Festus Adesegun, BELLO, Abass Oyeshola, &#8220;The relationship between internal control system and business survival in the COVID-19 pandemic era&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.129-135 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/129-135.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-relationship-between-internal-control-system-and-business-survival-in-the-covid-19-pandemic-era\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The relationship between internal control system and business survival in the COVID-19 pandemic era<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c077f42 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0783ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07850a\" data-id=\"c07850a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07863c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07863c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0786dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0786dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c078830\" data-id=\"c078830\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c078937 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c078937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0789e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0789e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c078b22\" data-id=\"c078b22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c078c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c078c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c078cc6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c078cc6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c078e15\" data-id=\"c078e15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c078f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c078f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c078fbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c078fbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c079109\" data-id=\"c079109\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c079215 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c079215\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0792b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0792b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c079420\" data-id=\"c079420\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c079537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c079537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Increasing Business Value for Stability in the Need Private Schools amidst Pandemic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Edgardo S. Delmo &amp; Sheryl R. Morales &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 136-139<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0795e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0795e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07975f\" data-id=\"c07975f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07988e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c07988e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic struck every part of the world, disrupting every government economic mantle and not sparing the private or non-state education sector. In the Philippines, the Department of Education (DepEd) announced in September 2020 that 864 private schools were closed for the S.Y. 2020-2021 due to declining family income along with a 107-year-old Catholic school. With the current government policy of free Basic and Higher Education, the business value of the private education sector has declined over time. As a way forward, this theoretical research paper aims to provide a possible approach for the private education sector to modify its business value creation in this increasingly demanding valuation environment. The recommendation is that the private-own or non-state education sector must forge partnerships with organizations providing free and open-source platforms. Reevaluate to migrate from face-to-face classroom to online learning institution on a post-COVID world. Finally, seek government support made available for the private or non-state education sector enacting legislation that would allow funding for a blended learning system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 136-139\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6110<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edgardo S. Delmo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolytechnic University of the Philippines \u2013 Quezon City Branch<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sheryl R. Morales<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPolytechnic University of the Philippines \u2013 Quezon City Branch<\/span>\r\n\r\n[1] Alam, A., &amp; Tiwari, P. (2021). (issue brief). Implications of COVID-19 for Low-cost Private Schools. Retrieved June 14, 2021, from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/globalinsight\/media\/1581\/file\/UNICEF_Global_Insight_Implications_covid-19_Low-cost_Private_Schools_2021.pdf.\r\n[2] Argado\u00f1a, A. (2011, April 11). Https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=y7H5t8qWAqg [Working paper]. IESE Business School University of Navarra, Barcelona, Spain.\r\n[3] Asian Development Bank (2017). Innovate Strategies for Accelerated Human Resource Development in South Asia Public-Private Partnerships for Education and Training. 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines; Asian Development Bank. Retrieved.\r\n[4] B2U. (2018, October 23). Value Disciplines: Customer Intimacy, Product Leadership and Operational Excellence. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/www.business-to-you.com\/value-disciplines-customer-intimacy\/\r\n[5] Calleja, J. (2020, November 23). Century-old Catholic school to close in the Philippines. Union of Catholic Asian News. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ucanews.com\/news\/century-old- catholic-school-to-close-in-the-philippines\/90411#\r\n[6] Esani, M. (2010). Moving from face-to-face to online teaching. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science, 23(3), 187\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29074\/ascls.23.3.187\r\n[7] Global Education Monitoring Report Team. (2019). Concept note for the 2021 Global education monitoring report on non-state actors. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from http:\/\/data.uis.unesco.org\/\r\n[8] Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., &amp; Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review. Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2020\/3\/the-difference- between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning.\r\n[9] Huy, Q. (2020, May 18). Four strategic priorities for the post-covid-19 world. INSEAD Knowledge. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https:\/\/knowledge.insead.edu\/blog\/insead- blog\/four-strategic-priorities-for-the-post-covid-19-world-14086\r\n[10] International Business School of Barcelona. (2021, May 13). 5 business strategies for surviving the pandemic. ESEI Business School in Barcelona. Retrieved July 3, 2021, from https:\/\/www.eseibusinessschool.com\/5-business-strategies-for-surviving-the-pandemic\/\r\n[11] International Commission on the Futures of Education. (2020). Education in a post-COVID world: Nine Ideas for Public Action. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/education_in_a_post-covid_world nine_ideas_for_public_action.pdf\r\n[12] Lakhan, S. E., &amp;Jhunjhunwala, K. (2008, May 5). Open-source software in education. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/er.educause.edu\/articles\/2008\/5\/open-source-software-in- education.\r\n[13] The Manila Times. (2021, March 8). Private Schools hit hard by Pandemic. The Manila Times. other, Manila. Retrieved April 8, 2021, from https:\/\/www.manilatimes.net\/2021\/03\/08\/news\/private-schools-hit-hard-by pandemic\/848204.\r\n[14] Mapa, D. S. (2021, January 28). Census of Philippine Business and Industry-Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/psa.gov.ph\/content\/2018-census- philippine-business-and-industry-education\r\n[15] Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021, January 28). 2018 Census of Philippine Business and Industry: Education. Census of Philippine Business and Industry. Retrieved March 6, 2021, from https:\/\/psa.gov.ph\/content\/2018-census-philippine-business-and-industry- education.\r\n[16] Rubio, B. P. (2020, September 14). Low enrollment, PANDEMIC shutter 865 private schools FOR 2020-2021 academic year. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/headlines\/2020\/09\/14\/2042374\/low-enrollment-pandemic- shutter-865-private-schools-2020-2021-academic-year\r\n[17] Sufi, S. (2017, October 23). Understanding Value Creation in 10 Minutes for CFOs. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=y7H5t8qWAqg\r\n[18] Taherina, M., Nawaser, K., Sharianetjad, A., Saedi, A., &amp; Moshtaghi, M. (2021). The Evolution of the E-Business Value Cycle Through Value Co-Creation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study from Iran. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(10), 19\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13106\/jafeb.2021\r\n[19] Tapaninaho, R., &amp;Kujala, J. (2019). Reviewing the stakeholder value creation literature: Towards a sustainability approach. World Sustainability Series, 3\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-03562-4_1\r\n[20] UNESCO Office Bangkok and Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific, &amp; Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding. (2020). GCED learning and assessment: An analysis of four case studies in Asia. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000375112\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Edgardo S. Delmo &amp; Sheryl R. Morales, &#8220;Increasing Business Value for Stability in the Need Private Schools amidst Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.136-139 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6110<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/136-139.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/increasing-business-value-for-stability-in-the-need-private-schools-amidst-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Increasing Business Value for Stability in the Need Private Schools amidst Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07ae1c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c07ae1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07bb02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07bb02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07bb9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07bb9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07bce5\" data-id=\"c07bce5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07bdf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07bdf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07be95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07be95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07bfd7\" data-id=\"c07bfd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07c0e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07c0e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07c17b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07c17b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07c2e5\" data-id=\"c07c2e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07c3fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07c3fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Net Migration and Macroeconomic Condition of Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Oluwaseun Temidayo Okikiola &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 140-144<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07c499 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07c499\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07c614\" data-id=\"c07c614\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07c752 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c07c752\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nigeria is an important migration destination within the West African sub-region. However, over the past two (2) decades, the country has consistently recorded a negative net migration rate, implying a higher number of emigration than immigration. Drawing from the neoclassical and modern theories of migration, which highlight economic condition as a major factor in the decision to migrate, this paper seeks to empirically assess the relationship between the net migration pattern in Nigeria and the macroeconomic condition of the country over the past three (3) decades (from 1991 to 2020). Using the OLS regression analysis, the findings show a regression value (R2) of 0.847, which implies that the variables of macroeconomic condition (economic growth, real GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, and current account balance) account for 85% of the variation in the net migration rate of the country. Among these variables, real GDP per capita and the unemployment rate were found to have a significant impact on net migration. However, the negative relationship between real GDP per capita and net migration rate shows that an increase in the prosperity of residents in Nigeria reduces the net migration rate.This suggests the existence and the need to deal with unequal distribution of income in the country, which limits the trickledown effect of an improved economy. Also, the positive relationship between the unemployment rate and net migration suggests the existence of other factors other than economic factors (as suggested by the modern theory of migration), which play a critical role in the decision to immigrate to or emigrate from Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 140-144\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwaseun Temidayo Okikiola <\/strong>\r\nAxion Research, Lagos, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abdu, M., Jibir, A., &amp;Abdullahi, S. (2017). Patterns and Micro-Drivers of International Emigration in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 4(2), 178-191.\r\n[2] Adedokun, O., &amp;Karzanova, I. (2019). Impact of Migration on the Economy of Nigeria: Recent Trends. Vestnik NSUEM, (2), 204-211. DOI: 10.34020\/2073-6495-2019-2-204-211\r\n[3] Anetor, F. (2019). Remittance and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria: Does Financial Sector Development Play a Critical Role?. International Journal Of Management, Economics And Social Sciences, 8(2). DOI: 10.32327\/ijmess\/8.2.2019.8\r\n[4] Angner, E., &amp; Loewenstein, G. (2012). Philosophy of Economics. doi: 10.1016\/c2009-0-16477-2\r\n[5] Castelli, F. (2018). Drivers of migration: why do people move? Journal of Travel Medicine, 25(1). DOI: 10.1093\/jtm\/tay040\r\n[6] Castles, S. (2000). International migration at the beginning of the twenty-first century: global trends and issues. International Social Science Journal, 52, 269\u2013281.\r\n[7] Flahaux, M., &amp; De Haas, H. (2016). African migration: trends, patterns, drivers. Comparative Migration Studies, 4(1). DOI: 10.1186\/s40878-015-0015-6\r\n[8] Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1). DOI: 10.1186\/s40878-020-00210-4\r\n[9] Haas, H., Czaika, M., Flahaux, M., Mahendra, E., Natter, K., Vezzoli, S., &amp;Villares\u2010Varela, M. (2019). International Migration: Trends, Determinants, and Policy Effects. Population and Development Review, 45(4), 885-922. DOI: 10.1111\/padr.12291\r\n[10] IOM. (2011). Glossary of Migration. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organisation for Migration.\r\n[11] Kok, P. (1999). The Definition of Migration and its Application; Making Sense of Recent South African Census and Survey Data. Southern African Journal of Demography, 7(1), 19\u201330.\r\n[12] Kuhnt, J. (2019). Literature Review: Drivers of Migration. Bonn, Germany: DeutschesInstitutf\u00fcrEntwicklungspolitikgGmbH.\r\n[13] Lille\u00f8r, H., &amp; Van den Broeck, K. (2011). Economic drivers of migration and climate change in LDCs. Global Environmental Change, 21, S70-S81. DOI: 10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.002\r\n[14] Macro Trends. (2021). Nigeria Net Migration Rate 1950-2021. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.macrotrends.net\/countries\/NGA\/nigeria\/net-migration\r\n[15] Massey, D. (1988). Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective. Population And Development Review, 14(3), 383. DOI: 10.2307\/1972195\r\n[16] M\u00fcgge, D. (2015). Studying Macroeconomic Indicators as Powerful Ideas. SSRN. Retrieved from https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2660124\r\n[17] Nevin, A., &amp;Omosomi, O. (2019). Strength from Abroad. PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited.\r\n[18] OECD. (2002). Main Economic Indicators. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.\r\n[19] Oli, N., Ibekwe, C., &amp; Jack, J. (2018). Economic Recession and Migration: The Case of Nigeria. Awka Journal Of Sociology, 6(1), 1-12.\r\n[20] Olubiyi, E. (2019). Labor Market Effects of Emigration in Nigeria: Skill-level Analysis. Iranian Economic Review, 25(1), 137-166.\r\n[21] Popogbe, O., &amp; Adeosun, O. (2020). Empirical analysis of the push factors of human capital flight in Nigeria. Journal Of Humanities And Applied Social Sciences, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). DOI: 10.1108\/jhass-07-2020-0093\r\n[22] Simpson, N. (2017). Demographic and economic determinants of migration. IZA World Of Labor. DOI: 10.15185\/izawol.373\r\n[23] World Bank. (2021). Glossary | DataBank. Retrieved from https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/metadataglossary\/population-estimates-and-projections\/series\/SM.POP.NETM\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Oluwaseun Temidayo Okikiola &#8220;An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Net Migration and Macroeconomic Condition of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.140-144 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/140-144.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/140-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-relationship-between-net-migration-and-macroeconomic-condition-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Net Migration and Macroeconomic Condition of Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07dee4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c07dee4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07dfd0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07e342\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07e496\" data-id=\"c07e496\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07e5ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07e5ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07e64a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07e64a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07e7a1\" data-id=\"c07e7a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07e8a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07e8a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07e943 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07e943\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07ea8d\" data-id=\"c07ea8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07eb9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07eb9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07ec3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07ec3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07ed85\" data-id=\"c07ed85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07ee8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07ee8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07ef30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07ef30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c07f076\" data-id=\"c07f076\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c081f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c081f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c082043 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c082043\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c082203\" data-id=\"c082203\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08232b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08232b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Educational Challenges of Pupils with Orthopaedic and Visual Impairment in Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Asiyatu Abubakar Bagudo, Yinusa Abdulrafiu Yinka- January 2022- Page No.: 145-153<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c082423 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c082423\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0825c6\" data-id=\"c0825c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0826fe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0826fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study investigated the educational challenges of pupils with orthopaedic and visual impairment in primary schools in Sokoto Central Educational Zone of Sokoto State, Nigeria. A quantitative survey study design was employed for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 72 pupils with orthopaedic impairment and 89 pupils with visual impairment, making it 161 respondents at one special school and 20 inclusive primary schools within Sokoto Central Educational Zone. An adapted structured questionnaire was used for data collection, while a simple percentage was used in analyzing the data. The study\ua78cs findings revealed that there were insufficient learning materials for the pupils with orthopaedic and visual impairment, lack of specially trained teachers, inaccessible infrastructures among others. The Study recommended that a module on special need conditions and inclusive education should be made compulsory for that all teacher training programmes. The government and Universal Basic Education should colloborate with development partners to provide adequate structures, infrastructures and all other facilites to meet the educational need of pupils with orthopeadic and visual challenges.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 145-153\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6111<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asiyatu Abubakar Bagudo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University ,Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yinusa Abdulrafiu Yinka <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University ,Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Awetash, F. (2015). Psychosocial and Educational Challenges and Opportunities of Students with Visual Impairment: The case of Adimahleka primary School in Adwa Town. Unpublished Thesis. College of Education and Behavioral Studies. Addis Ababa University.http:\/\/etd.aau.edu.et\/123456789\/11114\r\n[2] Beena, K. (2007). Influence of Certain Socio-Psychological Factors on the Vocational Skill Attainment of Orthopedically Handicapped Adolescents. Unpublished Thesis. School of Pedagogical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University.\r\n[3] Buthelezi, M. (2014). Exploring Challenges Experienced by Physically Challenged Students at a Further Education and Training College in Kwazulu-Natal Province. Journal of Educational and Social Research. 4(3); 421-427.\r\n[4] Daniel, N. (2008). Challenges Faced by Pupils with Disabilities in Accessing Education Inclusive Schools in Zambia. University of Zambia.\r\n[5] Gindis, B. (1999). Vygotsky\u2019s Vision Reshaping the Practice of Special Education for the 21st Century. Remedial and Special Education, 20(6), 333-340 .\r\n[6] Hussain, I.; Bashir,M.;Naseerudin ,M.;Naeem,M.; Akhter,S. and Inamullah,A. (2011). Problems Faced by Physically Handicapped Students in Educational Institutes in District Kohat. Contemporary Issues in Education Research 4 (2): 23-26\r\n[7] Igune, G. W. (2009). Inclusion of Blind Children in Primary Schools: a case study of teachers opinion in Moroto District-Uganda. Oslo .https:\/\/www.duo.uio.no&gt;\r\n[8] Katsiyannis, A., Yell, M.L. and Bradley, R. (2001). Reflection on the 25th anniversary of the individual with Disabilities Educational Act. Remedial and Special Education, 22(6), 324-334.\r\n[9] Kiomoka, D. (2014). Children with Visual Impairment in Tanzania. An investigation of the challenges which children with Impairment Face in Learning and Participation in Inclusive Primary Schools. Unpublished thesis. Faculty of Education and Natural Sciences Hedmark University College.\r\n[10] Lydia, A. (2014). Challenges Faced by Learners with Visual Impairment in Inclusive Setting in Trans-Nzoia Country, Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 5 (9), 16203-18529\r\n[11] Mpofu J. &amp; Almon S. (2012). Challenges Faced by Students with Special Educational Needs in Early Childhood Development Centers in Zimbabwe as Perceived by ECD Trainers and Parents. Anthropologist 14 (4): 327-338\r\n[12] Oladejo, M. &amp; Oladejo, S. (2011). Educating Students with Disabilities in Nigeria: Some Challenges and Policy Implications. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 3 (1), 2220-9525\r\n[13] Rosalia, W. (2014). School-Based Factors Influencing Participation of Physically Challenged Learners in Public Schools in Kiambu Municipality, Kenya. Unpublished Thesis. Curriculum Studies, University of Nairobi.\r\n[14] Samir, K.L &amp; Kant, R. (2013). Problems of Orthopedically Impaired Students in Relation to their Gender, Achievement and Locality. Journal of Education and Social Research. 3 (2); 20-31.\r\n[15] State Strategic Education Sector Plan (2010) Situation Analysis of Education in Sokoto State.\r\n[16] Zaib, N. &amp; Alia, S. (2011) Problems Faced by Physically Handicapped Students at Secondary School Level in District Kohat, M. Ed Thesis, Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University of Science &amp; Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Asiyatu Abubakar Bagudo, Yinusa Abdulrafiu Yinka, &#8220;Educational Challenges of Pupils with Orthopaedic and Visual Impairment in Sokoto State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.145-153 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6111<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/145-153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/educational-challenges-of-pupils-with-orthopaedic-and-visual-impairment-in-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Educational Challenges of Pupils with Orthopaedic and Visual Impairment in Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0834e2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0834e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0835b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0835b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c083724\" data-id=\"c083724\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c083846 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c083846\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0838e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0838e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c083a38\" data-id=\"c083a38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c083b41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c083b41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c083be5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c083be5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c083d39\" data-id=\"c083d39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c083e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c083e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c083edd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c083edd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08414e\" data-id=\"c08414e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c084287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0843c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0843c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c084545\" data-id=\"c084545\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c084652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0846f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0846f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c084839\" data-id=\"c084839\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c084968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c084a06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c084a06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c084b73\" data-id=\"c084b73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c084c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Socio-demographic factors as correlate of post-traumatic stress disorder and social adjustment among amputees receiving treatment at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hussaini Yusuf ONAWO, Emmanuel Onu ALHASSAN, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah AJAYI &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 154-159<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c084d2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c084d2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c084ea8\" data-id=\"c084ea8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084fe4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c084fe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated socio-demographic variables (age and gender) as correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social adjustment among amputees at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi. Adopting an ex- post factor research design, 50 amputee patients (M=33; F=17)- aged 17-72 years with a mean age of 40.02 and standard deviation of 14.213 &#8211; were recruited by means of purposive sampling technique to participate in the study. Data was collected using the PTSD scale and the Social Adjustment Scale. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. Findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between age and PTSD (r (48) = 0.327, P &lt; 0.05). This implies that age has an influence on individual responses to traumatic events with an indication that the event of amputation tends to be more traumatic among younger age than older age individuals. The finding further indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between older age and social adjustment (r (48) = 0.289, P &lt; 0.05). The analysis further revealed a statistically significant difference between Males and Females (t (48) = -4.200, P &lt; 0.05) on PTSD. Finally, results indicated that Males and Femalessocially adjust differently to traumatic situations (t (48) = -2.018, P &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that age and gender significantly predict post-traumatic stress disorder and social adjustment. The study therefore recommends that Government and NGOs as well as other care providers shouldmanage the mental health of amputees and individuals with similar conditions based on their demographic factors in addition to presenting signs and symptoms.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 154-159\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hussaini Yusuf ONAWO<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Onu ALHASSAN<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwabunmi Hezekiah AJAYI<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBrains Specialist Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Akca, A.T., &amp;Cinar, S. 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Unpublished thesis submitted to the University of Groningen, the Netherlands,Vol.22, No.2, pg. 146-156.\r\n[27] Yohannes, K., Gebeyehu, A., Adera, T., Ayano, G., &amp;Fekadu, W. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of road traffic accidents in Ethiopia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12:50.\r\n[28] Zweig, R.A. &amp;Turkel, E. (2007). The Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report: Psychometric Properties for Older Adults. Psychological Reports, 101(3):920-926. doi:10.2466\/pr0.101.3.920-926\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hussaini Yusuf ONAWO, Emmanuel Onu ALHASSAN, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah AJAYI, &#8220;Socio-demographic factors as correlate of post-traumatic stress disorder and social adjustment among amputees receiving treatment at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.154-159 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/154-159.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/154-159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/socio-demographic-factors-as-correlate-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-social-adjustment-among-amputees-receiving-treatment-at-the-federal-medical-centre-keffi-nasarawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Socio-demographic factors as correlate of post-traumatic stress disorder and social adjustment among amputees receiving treatment at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c085df3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c085df3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0864f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0864f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c086638\" data-id=\"c086638\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c086751 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c086751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0867f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0867f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08693e\" data-id=\"c08693e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08b0ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08b0ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c08b17d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c08b17d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08b301\" data-id=\"c08b301\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08b411 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08b411\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c08b4bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c08b4bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08b638\" data-id=\"c08b638\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08b749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08b749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working In Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 160-165<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c08b7ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c08b7ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08b96f\" data-id=\"c08b96f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08baae elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c08baae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Globally studies have shown work engagement to play a critical role on organizational commitment. However, there are limited studies when it comes to Catholic religious men and women working in rural areas. Due to this gap, the study aimed to examine the relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment among the Catholic religious men and women working in Lodwar Diocese, Kenya. The study adopted correlational design. Using census sampling, a sample size of 131 Catholic religious men and women were included in the study. The data was collected using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Organizational Commitment Scale. Pre-testing of standardized instruments was carried out before the actual data collection to ensure its reliability and validity. The data was analyzed using correlational analysis using SPSS Version 32. The study found a weak negative association between vigour and continuance commitment (r=-0.07) and normative commitment (r=-0.07; p&gt;0.05) in the study. However, energy and affective commitment had a weak positive connection (r=0.09; p&gt;0.05). A weak positive association was found between dedication and affective commitment (r= 0.15; p&gt;0.05), continuance commitment (r= 0.03), and normative commitment (r= 0.008; p&lt;0.05), according to the study. Absorption and emotional commitment (r=0.04; p&lt;0.05) and continuance commitment (r=0.08; p&gt;0.05) had a weak positive connection. Finally, absorption and normative commitment had a weak negative connection (r=-0.02; p&gt;0.05).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 160-165\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD)<\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abay, G. A., &amp; Chia-Chia, C. (2019). The Association between Job Insecurity and Engagement of Employees at Work, Journal of Workplace Behavioural Health, 34(2), 96-110.\r\n[2] Abdullah, A. (2011). Evaluation of Allen and Meyer\u2019s Organizational Commitment Scale: A Cross- Cultural Application in Pakistan, Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 3, 80-86.\r\n[3] Ahmed, M. &amp; Dajani, Z. (2015). \u201cThe Impact of Employee Engagement on Job Performance and Organisational Commitment in the Egyptian Banking Sector.\u201d Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 3 (5), 138-147.\r\n[4] Ahuja, S. &amp; Gupta, S. (2018). Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement as a Facilitator for Sustaining Higher Education Professionals. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 7 (6); 1846-1851.\r\n[5] Anjali, M. &amp; Satishchandra, K. (2020). Organisational and Personal Predictors of Work Engagement in India, British, Journal of Guidance &amp; Counselling, DOI: 10.1080\/03069885.2020.1785392.\r\n[6] Artyom, S., &amp; Nicola, K. (2017). An Evaluation of the Effects of Corporate Reputation on Employee Engagement: The Case of a Major Bank in South Africa, International Studies of Management &amp; Organization, 47(3), 276-292, DOI: 10.1080\/00208825.2017.1318023.\r\n[7] Creswell, J. W., &amp; Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.\r\n[8] Deirdre, L., Jos\u00e9, M., &amp; Koressa, C. (2020). Language is not Enough: Institutional Supports for Spanish Speaking Client-Worker Engagement in Child Welfare, Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14(4), 435-457, DOI: 10.1080\/15548732.2019.1621235.\r\n[9] Gbadamosi, G. (2006). Predictors and Correlates of Charlatan Behavior in a Non-Western Consent. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 2(1), 23-32.\r\n[10] Lodwar Catholic Diocese Office Directory, 2021\r\n[11] Manish, G., Musarrat, S., &amp; Manoj, D. (2019). Engaging Employees for Quality of Life: Mediation by Psychological Capital, The Service Industries Journal, 39(5), 403-419, DOI: 10.1080\/02642069.2018.1462799.\r\n[12] McLeod, S. A. (2019). Sampling methods. Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/sampling.html\r\n[13] Molefe Maleka, Mthokozisi Mpofu, Clifford Kendrick Hlatywayo, Ines Meyer, Stuart Carr &amp; Jane Parker (2019) Employee engagement, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction in Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe: An exploratory study, Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29:4, 393-400, DOI: 10.1080\/14330237.2019.1647964.\r\n[14] Naude, J. L. P., &amp; Rothmann, S. (2004). The Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory \u2013 Human Services Survey for Emergency Medical Technicians in Gauteng. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 30 (3), 21-28.\r\n[15] Prerana, A. (2017). &#8220;Effect of Employee Engagement on Organizational Commitment&#8221;. Educational Research Multimedia &amp; Publications, India, 8(2), 101-108.\r\n[16] Rameshkumar, M. (2020). Employee engagement as an antecedent of organizational commitment \u2013 A study on Indian seafaring officers. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 36 (3), 105-112.\r\n[17] Schaufeli, W.B., &amp; Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 293-315.\r\n[18] Storm, K. &amp; Rothmann, S. (2003). A psychometric analysis of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in the South African Police Service. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29 (4), 62-70.\r\n[19] Vukani, J. P. (2017). Association between Work Engagement and Dimensions of Burnout among Catholic Priests in Durban Metro, South Africa. http:\/\/repository.tangaza.ac.ke\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8220;Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working In Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.160-165 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51211<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/160-165.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/work-engagement-and-organizational-commitment-among-catholic-religious-men-and-women-working-in-rural-areas-a-case-of-lodwar-diocese-in-turkana-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working In Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08c91e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c08c91e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c08cd54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c08cd54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08ceac\" data-id=\"c08ceac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08cfb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08cfb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c08d061 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c08d061\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c08d1b5\" data-id=\"c08d1b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08d2bb elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c08d5b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c08d5b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0901d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0901d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c09045f\" data-id=\"c09045f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0905b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0905b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c09067c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c09067c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0907e4\" data-id=\"c0907e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c09090a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c09090a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0909b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0909b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c090b28\" data-id=\"c090b28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c090c46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c090c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study Between the Association of Financial Management Practices and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Background: A Working Paper<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>L. Sooriyakumaran, Dr. S. S. Thrikawala, C. Pathirawasam &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 166-179<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c090ceb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c090ceb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c090eea\" data-id=\"c090eea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c09109e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c09109e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of the study was to identify the factors of financial management practices in SMEs background and to examine whether they impact on business performance of SMEs. A literature survey was carried out, and expert consultation was employed to develop this working paper. With the help of the literature survey and experts\u2019 consultation, the association between financial management practices (FMP) and business performance (BP) was investigated. Accordingly, there were six indicators of financial management practices were identified in the literature namely; maintaining accounting records (MAR), financial reporting preparation and analysis (FRPA), accounting information system (AIS), working capital management (WCM), investment decision (ID) and financing (FIN). In addition, dependent variable of business performance. The literature evidenced that there are associations between FMP and BP in the SMEs. This includes positive, negative and no significant correlations or impact among variables of SMEs contributors. Accordingly, this study suggested a conceptual model for testing six hypotheses to examine the association between FMP and BP. Further, this study recommends an empirical study through explorative factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure the FMP in the SMEs context. A path model was suggested to examine whether FMP influences BP in the SMEs background and further identify the moderating effect of demographic factors of gender and education level of financial management practitioners and business age of SMEs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 166-179\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6113<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>L. Sooriyakumaran <\/strong>\r\nAdvanced Technological Institute, SLIATE, 320, T B Jayah Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. S. S. Thrikawala <\/strong>\r\nWaikato Institute of Technology, New Zealand<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C. Pathirawasam <\/strong>\r\nProfessor, Department of Commerce &amp; FM3, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abanis, T., Sunday, A., Burani, A., &amp;Eliabu, B. 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The American economic review, 1197-1215.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">L. Sooriyakumaran, Dr. S. S. Thrikawala, C. Pathirawasam &#8220;A Study Between the Association of Financial Management Practices and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Background: A Working Paper&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.166-179 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6113<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/166-179.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-between-the-association-of-financial-management-practices-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-background-a-working-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Study Between the Association of Financial Management Practices and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Background: A Working Paper<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0920f9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0920f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c092cbb\" data-id=\"c092cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c092dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c092dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c092e72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c092e72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c092fcb\" data-id=\"c092fcb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0930d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0930d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c093177 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c093177\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0932bc\" data-id=\"c0932bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0933c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0933c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c093464 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c093464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0935d1\" data-id=\"c0935d1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0936e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0936e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Internal Monitoring and Evaluation of Teaching in Secondary Schools of Kabwe District in Central Province, Zambia. Challenges and Possible solutions<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Steven Lungu, Harrison Daka (PhD)- January 2022- Page No.: 180-186<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c09378b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c09378b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c09390b\" data-id=\"c09390b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c093a53 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c093a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study aimed at investigating the challenges and possible solutions of conducting internal monitoring and evaluation of selected secondary schools teachers\u2019 performance in Kabwe district. The study was conducted within the framework of mixed methodology using an embedded mixed design. The study collected data from 114 participants drawn from ten secondary schools in Kabwe district. The data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The findings included the following challenges; minimal frequency of internal monitoring and evaluation, head teachers\u2019 challenges of multiple roles, teachers\u2019 divided attention between teaching in class and personal development, head teachers not being conversant with processes of monitoring and evaluation thus tended to be fault finding and intimidating in nature as opposed to providing constructive criticism and encouragement. The recommendations for addressing the challenges that emerged from the findings included; Head teachers to undergo training in educational management and administration, to increase frequency of internal monitoring and evaluation, roles of head teachers to be reduced to administration only, to introduce peer to peer monitoring, to encourage monitoring through intertwining of secondary schools in the district, and teachers to regularly attend Continuous Professional Development (CPD).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 180-186\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6114<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Steven Lungu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, University of Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Harrison Daka (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, University of Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Chapman, C&amp; Harris, A. (2004). Improving Schools in difficult and challenging contexts: Strategies for improvement, Educational Research, 46(1), 219-228.\r\n[2] Chipindi, F. M., Serenje-Chipindi, J. and Daka, H. (2021). An Analysis of Epistemological Considerations in Educational Research. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. Vol.4 (2), 105 &#8211; 118.\r\n[3] Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative and mixed method Approach. (4th Edition). Sage Publication Ltd.\r\n[4] Chimuka, R. (2016). Effects of the School Strategic Plan on Pupils\u2019 Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools of Lundazi District, Zambia. Med. Thesis. The University of Zambia, Lusaka.\r\n[5] Daka, H., Banda, S. S. and Namafe, C. M. (2017). Course management, Teaching and Assessing Undergraduates at the Medical School of the University of Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education. 4 (10), 10 \u2013 18.\r\n[6] Daka, H.,Namafe, C. M. and Katowa \u2013 Mukwato, P. (2019). Perspectives on Teaching Approaches and the Grade Point Average Attainment of Undergraduate Medical Students at University of Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education. Vol.6 (12), 75-82.\r\n[7] Daka, H. (2019). Understanding the Correlation between Institutional Characteristics and Academic Performance: A case of Undergraduate Medical Students at University of Zambia. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology, 3 (2), 96 \u2013 116.\r\n[8] Daka, H., Banda, S. S., &amp; Namafe, C. M. (2020). The Relationship between Course Management and Examination Attrition Rates among Undergraduate Medical Students at the University Of Zambia. International Journal of African Higher Education, 7(1), 97 \u2013 112.\r\n[9] Daka, H.,Chipindi, F. M. and Mwale, M. (2020). The Relationship between Assessment Practices and Students\u2019 Academic Performances. A Case of Undergraduate Students at the Medical School of the University of Zambia, 2008 \u2013 2016.Zambian Journal of Educational Management, Administration and Leadership, 1 (1), 143 \u2013 156.\r\n[10] Daka, H., Chipindi, F. M., Phiri A., Mulenga, B., Mvula, L and Chirwa, J. (2021). Administrative Mitigation Measures against Examination Attrition Rates in Tertiary Institutions: A Case of School of Education, University of Zambia. European Modern Studies Journal. 5 (3). 248 \u2013 258\r\n[11] Daka, H., Mulenga-Hagane, M. L., Mukalula-Kalumbi, M and Lisulo, S. (2021). Making Summative Assessment Effective.European Modern Studies Journal. (4), 224 \u2013 237.\r\n[12] Daka, H., Banda, S. S., &amp; Namafe, C. M. (2020). The Relationship between Course Management and Examination Attrition Rates among Undergraduate Medical Students at the University Of Zambia. International Journal of African Higher Education, 7(1), 97 \u2013 112.\r\n[13] Daka, H.,Chilala, M. M., Hamatanga, O. H., Chirwa, B., Mumba, A., Kaoma, C. and Chikopela, C. (2021).Averting Learner Absenteeism in Zambian Urban and Rural Primary Schools. A Case of Kalingalinga and Simweendengwe Primary Schools. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. Vol.5 (1), 33 \u2013 55.\r\n[14] Ehren, M.C.A., Perryman, J. &amp; Spours, K. (2014). Accountability and School Inspection. Leading Education and Social Research. Institute of Education, University of London.\r\n[15] Hamaleke, B, S andDaka, H.and Mphande, F. (2020).Strategies to overcome the Challenges faced by Weekly Boarders: A case study of Selected Day Secondary Schools in Chikankata District in Southern Province, Zambia.International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education. Vol 7 (6), 175 \u2013 186.\r\n[16] Kakupa, P., Tembo P. and Daka, H. (2015). Linking Teacher Effectiveness to School Performance: Evidence from Rural Day-Secondary Schools in Western Province of Zambia. Zambia Journal of Teacher Professional Growth. 2 (2), 17-30.\r\n[17] Kasonde, S.N. (2018). Writing a research proposal in education research. Lusaka: UNZA Press.\r\n[18] Kruger, A. (2003). Instructional leadership: the impact on the culture of teaching and learning in two. South African Journal of Education, 23 (3), 206 \u2013 211.\r\n[19] Menlo, A. and Poppleton, P. (1990). A five-country study of the work perception of secondary school teachers in England, the United States, Japan, Singapore and West Germany (1986\u20131988). Comparative Education, 26:173-182.\r\n[20] Ministry of Education (1996). Educating Our Future. National Policy. Lusaka, ZEPH.\r\n[21] Ministry of Education (2010). School-Based Continuing Professional Development through Lesson Study. Implementation Guidelines. 4thEdition. Ministry of Education, Lusaka, Zambia.\r\n[22] MOE (2016). Annual Report for 2015. Ministry of General Education, Lusaka.\r\n[23] Mwamba, K. L., Musonda, A., Daka, H. and Mulenga, R. M. (2021).Strategies for Enhancing Mentorship in Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students of Kwame Nkrumah University, Kabwe-Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 5 (9), 478 \u2013 487.\r\n[24] Namfukwe, I. (2016). The Impact Of Monitoring And Evaluation On The Performance Of Upper Primary School Teachers In Mbala District Of The Northern Province In Zambia. Thesis (M.ED) Lusaka, University of Zambia\r\n[25] Nkinyangi, S. (2006). Quality Standards and Quality Assurance in Basic Education: Experience from Burundi, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Nairobi Kenya\r\n[26] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(2009). Teacher evaluation: A conceptual framework and examples of country practices. First Results from TALIS, OECD, Mexico City.\r\n[27] Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. (3rd Edition). London: Sage Publishers.\r\n[28] Silwamba, V. and Daka, H. (2021). Investigating School Administrators\u2019 and Education Standards Officers\u2019 Monitoring and Evaluation of Teacher Performance in Nyimba District of Zambia. Zambia Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 2 (1), 30 \u2013 40.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Steven Lungu, Harrison Daka (PhD), &#8220;Internal Monitoring and Evaluation of Teaching in Secondary Schools of Kabwe District in Central Province, Zambia. Challenges and Possible solutions&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.180-186 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6114<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/180-186.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/internal-monitoring-and-evaluation-of-teaching-in-secondary-schools-of-kabwe-district-in-central-province-zambia-challenges-and-possible-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Internal Monitoring and Evaluation of Teaching in Secondary Schools of Kabwe District in Central Province, Zambia. Challenges and Possible solutions<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0974c9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0974c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c09791d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c09791d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c097a7e\" data-id=\"c097a7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c097b90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c097b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c097c38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c097c38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c097da3\" data-id=\"c097da3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c097ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c097ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c097f48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c097f48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c098095\" data-id=\"c098095\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0981b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0981b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c098250 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c098250\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0983a6\" data-id=\"c0983a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0984ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0984ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c09854d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c09854d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c098697\" data-id=\"c098697\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0987a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0987a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c098840 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c098840\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0989ac\" data-id=\"c0989ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c098ab8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c098ab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Classroom Management Skills of Science Teachers<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Apochi, M. A., AWOYEYE, Agnes Onyi &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 187-191<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c098b59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c098b59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c098d0b\" data-id=\"c098d0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c098e67 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c098e67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2011\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2011\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Classroom is the centre focus of every educational setting due to the fact that it is the inevitable component of schools where students and teachers interacts for the purpose of imparting knowledge on students in line with the goal and objectives of policy of education of the society. Also, management of classroom is centered to effective teaching and learning. Hence, it is essential for teachers to be familiar with classroom management skills. This study investigated classroom management skills of science teachers in the Nigerian Capital, Abuja. The survey research design was adopted. 382 science teachers in both junior and senior secondary schools in the FCT, Abuja were randomly sampled. Data of the study were collected through as a questionnaire constructed in a 4-point modified Likert scale format. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and, analysis of variance statistics. It was revealed that classroom management skills of science teachers are moderately satisfactory. However, academic attainment and work experiences of the teachers influence their classroom management skills. It was recommended that regular in-service training in classroom management should be organized for science teachers irrespective of educational attainment and working experiences.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 187-191\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2012\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2012\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Apochi, M. A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science and Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Abuja-Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AWOYEYE, Agnes Onyi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science and Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Abuja-Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2013\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2013\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adeyele, V. O., Sowunmi, E. T. &amp;Adeosun, O. A. (2018). Assessment of classroom management practices on social-emotional behaviour of pupils. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 4(4), 1 \u2013 11.\r\n[2] Adeyemo, S. A. (2012). The relationship between effective classroom management and students\u2019 academic achievement. European Journal of Educational Studies, 4(3), 367 \u2013 381.\r\n[3] Agu, J. C. (2021). Influence of teachers\u2019 classroom management techniqueon students\u2019 academic performances in Njikoka LGA. International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 9(1), 33 \u2013 44.\r\n[4] Anonymous (2021). Six functions of the classroom setting. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/bb.plsweb.com\/ CM_Nav\/m3\/m3topicb_key1.html\r\n[5] Ben, J. (2016).The 5 priorities of classroom management. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.edutopia .org\/blog\/5-priorities-classroom-management-ben-johnson\r\n[6] Bosch, K. A. (2006). Planning classroom management. London: SAGE Publications.\r\n[7] Cini, S. (2016). Seven key elements for effective classroom management. Retrieved from https:\/\/c lassroom.synonym.com\/seven-elements-effective-classroom-management-6562940.html\r\n[8] Emmer, E. T. &amp;Gerwels, M. C. (2005). Establishing classroom management for cooperative learning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada, April.\r\n[9] Fazilah, I., Zaharah, H., Azizah, Y., Saran, K. G.&amp; Noor, A. M. A. (2011). The role of education in shaping youth\u2019s national identity. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 443 \u2013 450. Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com\r\n[10] Garrett, T. (2014). Effective of classroom management. Columbia University: Teacher College.\r\n[11] Gu, Q. &amp; Johansson, O. (2013). Sustaining school performance: School context matters. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 16(3), 301-326.\r\n[12] Jones, V. F. &amp; Jones, L. S. (2004). Comprehensive classroom management, creating communities of support and solving problems (7thEd.). USA: Allyn &amp; Bacon Company.\r\n[13] Kelly, M. (2020). Building an effective classroom. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/characteristics-of-an-effective-classroom-7735\r\n[14] Mien (2021). 5 functions of active learning classrooms retrieved from https:\/\/miencompany.com\/5-functions-of-active-learning-classrooms\/\r\n[15] Mudianingrum, R. A., Evenddy, S. S.&amp; Rima, R. (2019). An analysis of teachers\u2019 classroom management in teaching English. Journal of English Education Studies, 2(1), 1 \u2013 11.\r\n[16] Sadik, F. &amp;Akbulut, T. (2015). An evaluation of classroom management skills of teachers at high schools (sample from the city of Adana). Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 208 \u2013 213. Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com\r\n[17] Spencer, B. (2018). Theimpact of effective classroom management. Retrieved from https:\/\/blog.teamsatchel.com\/the-impact-of-effective-classroom-management\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2014\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2014\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Apochi, M. A., AWOYEYE, Agnes Onyi, &#8220;Classroom Management Skills of Science Teachers&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.187-191 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/187-191.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2015\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2015\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/187-191.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2016\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2016\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/classroom-management-skills-of-science-teachers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Classroom Management Skills of Science Teachers<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b1cb5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0b1cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b1d95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b1d95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b1f22\" data-id=\"c0b1f22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b2057 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b2057\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b244e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b244e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b25af\" data-id=\"c0b25af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b26c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b26c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b5ee8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b5ee8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b60de\" data-id=\"c0b60de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b6234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b62e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b62e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6446\" data-id=\"c0b6446\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b655a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b655a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6606 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b6606\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6750\" data-id=\"c0b6750\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b6866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6907 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b6907\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6a7f\" data-id=\"c0b6a7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6b98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b6b98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Universe War Strategy on the March 1, 1949 General Attack in Yogyakarta<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Syamsul Hilal, Afrizal Hendra, Tri Legionosuko, Helda Risman &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 192-199<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6c44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0b6c44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6dd1\" data-id=\"c0b6dd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b6f0b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0b6f0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The General Attack of March 1, 1949 in Yogyakarta has significance in the course of history to maintain Indonesia&#8217;s independence from Dutch Aggression II., The purpose of this historical research seeks to examine and describe the events of the General Attack of March 1, 1949 and the application of the universal war strategy to the general attack in order to obtain victory and its impact for the international community.This paper is also expected for the younger generation to be an inspiration, foster nationalism and knowledge about the historical journey of the Struggle of the Indonesian nation in maintaining its independence. The methodology used in this writing is to use the approach of historical research methodology with the following four steps: Heuristics (attempts to find or find traces of history), Historical Criticism (selecting and testing traces \/ sources of history), Interpelasi (connecting and relating historical sources to each other), Historiography (writing or compiling historical stories).The results of this study showed that the universal war strategy used by the TNI in the General Attack of March 1, 1949 in seizing and controlling the city of Yoyakarta for 6 hours from dutch hands, had succeeded in supporting the struggle of Indonesian polytk diplomacy at the UNITED NATIONS forum in maintaining independence, by breaking Dutch propaganda and providing evidence to the international community that the existence of the Indonesian and TNI governments still exists.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 192-199\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Syamsul Hilal<\/strong>\r\nMinistry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia University of defense, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Afrizal Hendra<\/strong>\r\nMinistry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia University of defense, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tri Legionosuko<\/strong>\r\nMinistry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia University of defense, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Helda Risman<\/strong>\r\nMinistry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia University of defense, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] JS. Prabowo. (2009). Thoughts on the Universal War.Publisher: National Center for Assessment and Strategy (VAT), first print, october 2009.\r\n[2] Seskoad. (1990). General Attack of March 1, 1949 in Yogyakarta, Background and Influence. Bandung. 1990.Ministry of Education and Culture, Secondary Education Book Procurement Project T.A 1991\/1992.\r\n[3] R. Ridhani. (2010). Flowers Battle General Attack March 1, 1949. PT. Sinar Harapan Library, Jakarta 2010.\r\n[4] Batara R. Hutagalung. (2016). General Attack march 1, 1949, TNI struggle, diplomacy and people. Mata Padi Pressindo, Yogyakarta. 2016\r\n[5] Abdul Haris Nasution (2012). The Guerrilla and Defense Points of the Republic of Indonesia in the Past and The Future. Publisher: Narasi (IKAPI Member), Yogyakarta 2012.\r\n[6] Tashadi, Darto Hamoko, Suratmin, Hisbaron Muryantoro (1992). Role of Villages in the Struggle for Independence: Case Study of Involvement of Several Villages in Yogyakarta Region 1945-1949. Ministry of Education and Culture Directorate of History and Traditional Values of Jakarta National Historical Inventory and Documentation Project 1992.\r\n[7] Alian. (2012) . Historical Methodology and Implementation in Research. Journal of Education and Historical Studies (Criksetra), Google Scholar.\r\n[8] Ahmad Munthohar, Wakidi dan Syaiful M. (2014). Historical Review of the Role of Commander Bambang Sugeng in the General Attack event of March 1, 1949. Journal of Education and Historical Research (PESAGI) Vol. 2 No. 1. 2014.\r\n[9] Iswantoro (2020). The Role of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX in Upholding the Independence of the Republic of Indonesia. JUSPI (Journal of the History of Islamic Civilization), 3(2), 2020.\r\n[10] Iwan Dwi Aprianto, Andrian Eka Yulianto (2019). Soldiers of Sabil War in The Physical Revolution in Yogyakarta 1945-1949. WALASUJI Journal Volume 10, No. 2, December 2019.\r\n[11] Agung Nugraha, Agus Mulyana, Achmad Iriyadi (2018). The Role of Mobile Brigades in Defending Indonesian Independence in 1946-1949 Factum: Journal of History and Historical Education, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2018.\r\n[12] Djumarwan Danar Widiyanta, M.Hum (2018).Role of The Battle Student Police Force and Pugeran Church in the Indonesian Revolution of 1948 &#8211; 1949 in Yogyakarta. MOZAIK: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018.\r\n[13] Riana Agustini. (2010). A representation of the March 1, 1949 General Attack in the film &#8220;Six Djam in Djogja&#8221;. Thesis University of Indonesia Faculty of Cultural Sciences History Study Program.\r\n[14] Nanang Setiawan (2020).Space Without Borders: History and Political Memory On Public Space Monument General Attack March 1, 1949. MOZAIK: Journal of Historical Studies, 2020.\r\n[15] Agus Budiman (2019). History of Roem-Roijen Diplomacy in the Struggle to Defend the Independence of the Republic of Indonesia in 1949. Journal of Wahana Pendidikan, 2019.\r\n[16] Murtini (1997). Role of Guerrilla Tactics in the Successful General Offensive of March 1, 1949. Thesis faculty of teacher training and education, University of Jember. March 1997.\r\n[17] Endra Kusuma, Syaiful Anwar, Helda Risman &amp; Ruslan Arief (2021). Battle of Surabaya in 1945 in the perspective of the Universal War. Journal of Research Innovation, Vol.1 No.12 May 2021.\r\n[18] Juli Suspurwanto (2020). Strategic Leadership of General Sudirman in his Service as a Soldier of the Indonesian National Army. Journal of Universal War Strategy, Defense University Vol 6, No. 1 (2020).\r\n[19] Sotardodo Siahaan, Afrizal Hendra, I Wayan Midhio (2021). Strategy of Universal War in aceh war (1873-1912). Journal of Research Innovation Vol 1 No 11: April 2021.\r\n[20] Devis Lebo , Syaiful Anwar (2020). Empowerment of Cyber Communities by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia from the Perspective of The Universe War Strategy. Journal of Universal War Strategy, University of Defense.\r\n[21] Mulyadi, Lukman Yudho Prakoso, I Wayan Mudhio (2021).Military Confrontation liberation of West Papua in perspective of Universal War Strategy. Indonesian Defense University. Journal of Research Innovation, Vol.2 No.1 June 2021.\r\n[22] Rizqa Noor Abdi, Joni Wijayanto (2020).Aspects of Diplomacy, Universal Defense Strategy, and Irregular Warfare in Handling the Disintegration Movement in Indonesia. Journal of Cultural Religious Pulpit, 2020.\r\n[23] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fAQzNDbqKbI. . Yogyakarta; Indonesia in Event (23\/10\/2019).\r\n[24] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RtQawxrqpPY. Pak Harto: General Attack of March 1, 1949 Destroys Dutch Arrogance.\r\n[25] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7fyvl_wRVTw&amp;t=153sTni Attack against Jogja March 1, 1949 (6 hours in Jogja)\r\n[26] https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8a_kHSgm3wQ&amp;t=25sRefusing to forget &#8211; General Attack of March 1, 1949.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Syamsul Hilal, Afrizal Hendra, Tri Legionosuko, Helda Risman &#8220;Universe War Strategy on the March 1, 1949 General Attack in Yogyakarta&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.192-199 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51211<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/192-199.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/universe-war-strategy-on-the-march-1-1949-general-attack-in-yogyakarta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Universe War Strategy on the March 1, 1949 General Attack in Yogyakarta<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b7d67 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c4bd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c4bd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c4d5b\" data-id=\"c0c4d5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c4e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c4e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c4f20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c4f20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c5091\" data-id=\"c0c5091\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c51a1 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c54dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c54dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Qualitative Study of Child Maltreatment in Cameroon<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Teke Johnson Takwa &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 200-208<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c557f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c557f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c5703\" data-id=\"c0c5703\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c5848 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0c5848\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Child maltreatment sometimes referred to as child abuse and neglect, is a global problem with serious negative life-long consequences. Unfortunately very few studies have been carried on this issue in Cameroon. This study seeks to throw some light on this worrisome social ill focus group discussion. During these discussions children below 18 who have been or currently undergoing maltreatment were guided to talk about the definitions, types, causes, perpetrators and consequences of this worrisome but often hidden social ill. Various forms of malpractices on children such as sexual abuse, neglect, physical and emotional harm were mentioned as some of the ills perpetrated against them by step mothers, uncles, non-relatives and sometimes their parents. Even though the most frequent forms of these abuses varied from one region to another, some of them such as neglect, sexual abuse and physical harm were reported in almost all the regions. Early and forced marriage was declared by some discussants in the northern regions especially among the Moslem community. The reported causes of these ill-treatments are jealousy from childless step mothers, ignorance, false accusation of witchcraft and stealing, polygamy, poverty, consumption of alcohol and substance abuse. The consequences negatively affect all domains of a child\u2019s life and haveresulted to delinquency, retarded development, HIV\/AIDS infection, etc. The gravity of the issues discussed calls for further enquiries as well as solutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 200-208\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Teke Johnson Takwa <\/strong>\r\nDemographer, Central Bureau for Censuses and Population Studies, Cameroon<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adamsons, K., Johnson, S.K., An Updated and Expanded Meta-analysis of Non-resident Fathering and Child Well-being .Journal of Family Psychology , 27, 589-599, 2013\r\n[2] Adler-Baeder, F., What do we know about the physical abuse of stepchildren? A review of the literature.Journal of Divorce &amp; Remarriage, 44(3-4), 67-81, 2006.\r\n[3] Alicia, R.P., Overview of Child Maltreatment (Child Abuse), M.D, New York, 2020\r\n[4] Amato, P. R., The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1269\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.x, 2000\r\n[5] America Academy of Pediatrics., Caring for Your School-Age Children: Ages 5 to 12, A.AP, 2004\r\n[6] Amy, M., Child Development Guide, MD, 2021\r\n[7] Barnett, O., Family Violence across the Lifespan. New York: Sage, 1997\r\n[8] Cameroon Institute for Statistics., Demographic and Health Survey\/Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, Macro-International, Washington, 2011\r\n[9] Cawson, P., et al., Child Maltreatment in the United Kingdom: A Study of the Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect. London, NCPCA, 2000\r\n[10] Chan, Y.C., and Yeung, J.W., Children Living with Violence within the family and its Sequel: A Meta-analysis from 1995-2006, Agression and Violent Behaviour, 14(5), 313-322.doi 10.1016\/javb.2009.04.001, 2009\r\n[11] Conrad, M.S., Medical Definitions of Child Abuse, MedicineNet.com, 2021\r\n[12] Cummings, E.M., and Davies, P.T.,Marital Conflict and Children: A Emotional Security Perspective, New York, Guilford Press, 2010.\r\n[13] Daly, M., &amp; Wilson, M. (2007). Is the \u201cCinderella Effect\u201d controversial? A case study of the evolution-minded research and critiques thereof.In C. Crawford &amp; D. Krebs (Eds.), Foundations of evolutionary psychology (pp. 383-400).\r\n[14] Edna, A., et al., Women Living Under Muslim Laws: Child, Early and Forced Marriage: A Multi-Country Study, OCHCR, New York, 2013\r\n[15] (http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2009\/world \/Africa (accessed August, 18th, 2017\r\n[16] Gelles, R. J., &amp;Harrop, J. W. (1991). The risk of abusive violence among children with nongenetic caretakers. Family Relations, 40(1), 78-83. Gil, D. 1970.\r\n[17] Giles-Sims, J., &amp;Finkelhor, D. Child abuse in stepfamilies. Family Relations, 33(3), 407-413. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/584711, 1984.\r\n[18] Lau, A.S et al, Parent-to child Aggression among Asian American Parents, Culture, Context and Vulnerability, Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(5), 1261-1275, 2006.\r\n[19] Mbassa, M.D., Maltraitance Psychologique d\u2019infants dr\u00e9pancytaire au Cameroun: Description et Analyse de Cas. Med. Trop2001 :163-168, 2001\r\n[20] Mullers, Dowling., Mental Health Consequencesof Child Abuse. British Journal of Nursing, 17 (12), 1428-1433 doi: 10.12968\/bjou.2008.17.22.31871\r\n[21] Lewis, McElroy, Harlaar and Runyan., Does the Impact of Child Abuse Differ from Maltreated but Non-sexually Abused Children? A Prospective Examination of the Impact of Internalizing and Externalizing Behviour Problems. Child Abuse and Neglect 5(12) doi 10.101016\/j-chiabu.2015.11.016, 2016\r\n[22] Ngoura,C., La Protection Sociale de l\u2019Enfantdans l\u2019Afrique Traditionnelle : Rapport General des Journ\u00e9es d\u2019Etudes sur les Enfants en Conflit avec la Lois, DEI-Cameroun, Yaound\u00e9, 1993\r\n[23] Sebre, S et al, \u201cCross-Cultural Comparisons of Child Reported Emotional and Physical Abuse. Rates, Risks Factors and Psychosocial Symptoms, Child Abuse and Neglect, the International Journal\u201d, 28(1);113-127, 2003\r\n[24] Stroebel et al., Brother-sister Incest: Data from Anonymous Computer Assisted Self Interviews. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse.22(3): 255-266 doi: 1080\/10538712.2013.743952\r\n[25] UNICEF, Child Marriage, New York, 2014\r\n[26] Unite for Children, Children Accused of Witchcraft of Witchcraft: An Anthropological Study of Contemporary Practices in Africa, http:\/\/www.newsfromafrica.org\/newsfromafrica\/article\/art 537.html. assessed on the 24th of July, 2021\r\n[27] U.S. Department of health and Human Services, Children Bureau (2013) in Child\r\n[28] Maltreatment,(https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/13203198_Sexual_abuse_in_children_in_Cameroon [accessed Sep 26, 2017].\r\n[29] W.H.O.,http:\/\/who.it\/substance_abuse\/terminology\/who_lexicon\/en\/ lasted consulted on the 1st of August 2021.\r\n[30] Wright, S.E., \u201cUnderstanding Childhood Maltreatment: Literature Review and Practical Applications for Educators\u201d, htt:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cebsdiss\/245, 2015.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Teke Johnson Takwa &#8220;Qualitative Study of Child Maltreatment in Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.200-208 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/200-208.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content 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role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/qualitative-study-of-child-maltreatment-in-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Qualitative Study of Child Maltreatment in Cameroon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6685 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0c6685\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6a9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c6a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6b48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c6b48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6ccd\" data-id=\"c0c6ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6def elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c6def\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c6e8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c6e8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7008\" data-id=\"c0c7008\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c7115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c71b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c71b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c72fa\" data-id=\"c0c72fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c740f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c740f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c74ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c74ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c75f7\" data-id=\"c0c75f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7708 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c7708\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c77a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c77a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c78ec\" data-id=\"c0c78ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7a06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c7a06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7aa4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c7aa4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7c18\" data-id=\"c0c7c18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7d33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0c7d33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Re-examination of the Origin and Cycle of Prophetic Movement in Israel<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nyoyoko, Vincent Gabriel, Essien, Stella Patrick- January 2022- Page No.: 209-217<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7dd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0c7dd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0c7f70\" data-id=\"c0c7f70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0c80ac elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0c80ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe upsurge of interest in the prophetic ministry in the 20th and 21st centuries is one that cannot be ignored. Its ever increasing significance presents an imperative for the critical Bible reader to evaluate modern claims to the prophetic ministry\/gift in the light of the scriptures. Thus, questions regarding the origin, essence, characteristics and form of the prophetic ministry in the Bible abound, as scholars seek to give clarification, interpretation and\/or credence to what is practiced today. The questions that comes to the fore, however, are (1) is prophecy to be understood as a novel means through which Yahweh communicated with His people in the Judeo-Christian tradition, or as an adoption of a religious medium of communication that was already prevalent in the Ancient Near East? (2) Can it be said that the model of prophecy that is prevalent in the 21st century conforms to that of the Judeo-Christian tradition? This essay adopts the historical and phenomenological methods of research, and the research findings agree with modern study of psychology and history of religions which has shown that prophecy is not a phenomenon limited to Israel alone, thus, the origins of prophetism can be traced together with the origin of the Israelite nation; and that prophecy was a phenomenon that shed light on the history and philosophy of Israel as a nation, seeking to align Yahweh\u2019s people with His sovereign will at all times, not a one-sided venture seeking to please the people by saying what they wished to hear as is practiced by many acclaimed prophets today. The conclusion drawn is that, more than any other time in history, the prophetic ministry of the Church needs to be revived, revamped, and redirected in the 21st century, especially in the post-Covid-19 Nigeria in which corruption, nepotism, and bad leadership are being heightened by the day. Only then would the renewed interest in the prophetic ministry be justified and salubrious to the nation, as long as it conforms to the rubrics and ethics of the prophetic ministry as revealed in the holy writ.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 209-217\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyoyoko, Vincent Gabriel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAkwa Ibom State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Essien, Stella Patrick<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAkwa Ibom State University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Albright, William Foxwell. (1961). Samuel and the Beginnings of the Prophetic Movement. Cincinnati Hebrew University: College Press.\r\n[2] Alcalay, Reuben. (1996). The Complete Hebrew \u2013 English Dictionary, Hemed Books, New York.\r\n[3] Apuuivom, D. B., Annger, C. T. and Iortyer, H. T. (2020). \u201cDeborah\u2019s Leadership Success in Judges 4:1-24: Implications for Women Inclusion in Church Leadership in Nigeria.\u201d International Journal of Biblical and Cognate Studies, 2: 19-38.\r\n[4] Arena, F. (2020). Prophetic Conflicts in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Micah. Germany: Mohr Sieback.\r\n[5] Blenkinsopp, Joseph. (1996). A History of Prophecy in Israel. 2nd ed. Louisville: Westminster\/John Knox.\r\n[6] Brown, R.E., Fitzmyer J.A., Murphy, R.E. (eds). (1990). The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. New Jersey: Princeton Hall.\r\n[7] Broida, M. (2019). \u201cRitualization in Prophetic Intercession\u201d. In Tiemeyer, L (ed.). Prophecy and Its Cultic Dimensions. G\u00f6ttingen: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht GmbH &amp; Co. KG.\r\n[8] Campbell, Stacey. (2008). Ecstatic Prophecy. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Chosen Books\/Baker Publishing Group.\r\n[9] De Meneses, Rui SJ. (2009).The Global Vision of the Hebrew Bible. Mumbai, Bombay St. Paul\u2019s Press.\r\n[10] De-Vaux, Roland.(1965). Ancient Israel. New York: McGraw Hill.\r\n[11] Ellis, Peter. (1963). The Men and Message of the Old Testament. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press.\r\n[12] Ellis, Peter. (1967).1 &amp; 2 Samuel, 1 &amp; 2 Kings: Old Testament Reading Guide. Collegeville: Liturgical Press.\r\n[13] Familusi, O. O. (2018). \u201cProphets as Social and Political Activists: The Nigerian example\u201d. Prophecy, Politics and Power in Ancient Israel and the Nigerian Context. Festschrift in Honour of Most Rev. Dr. G. L. Lasebikan.\r\n[14] Forbes, Christopher. (1997). Prophecy and Inspired Speech: in Early Christianity and Its Hellenistic Environment. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.\r\n[15] Gelin, Albert. (1959). The Religion of Israel. New York: Hawthorn Books.\r\n[16] Heaton, E. W. (1961).The Old Testament Prophets. Baltimore: Penguin Books.\r\n[17] Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). &#8220;Prophecy&#8221;. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.\r\n[18] Huffmon, Herbert B. (1968) \u201cProphecy in the Mari Letters.\u201d BA 31: 101\u2013124.\r\n[19] Huffmon, Herbert B. (1970) \u201cThe Origins of Prophecy.\u201d Pp. 171\u2013186 in Magnalia Dei. The Mighty Acts of God: Essays on the Bible and Archaeology in Memory of G. Ernest Wright. Edited by F. M. Cross, W. E. Lemke, and P. D. Miller. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.\r\n[20] Huffmon, Herbert B. (1976) \u201cProphecy in the Ancient Near East\u201d. IDBSup: 697\u2013700.\r\n[21] Huffmon, Herbert B. (1992) \u201cAncient Near Eastern Prophecy\u201d. ABD 5: 477\u2013482\r\n[22] Isaac, J. J. and Adeyeye, A. O. (2020). \u201cProphecy and Inspiration in Christianity: Any Relationship?\u201d International Journal of Biblical and Cognate Studies, 1: 157-171.\r\n[23] Jensen, Joseph (1970). &#8220;What Happened to Moses?&#8221; CBQ 32.\r\n[24] Kelly, W. L. (2020). How Prophecy Works: A Study of the Semantic Field of \u05e0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 and a Close Reading of Jeremiah 1:4\u201319, 23:9\u201340 and 27:1\u201328:17. G\u00f6ttingen: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht GmbH &amp; Co.\r\n[25] KirkPatrick \u201cProphetie\u201d in The Free Dictionary, https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/prophetie.\r\n[26] Ko, Grace. (2013) \u201cThe Ordering of the Twelve as Israel\u2019s Historiography\u201d. In Prophets, Prophecy and Ancient Israelite Historiography, edited by Mark J. Boda and Lissa M. Wray Beal, 315 \u2013 32. Winona Lake. IN: Eisenbrauns.\r\n[27] Leclerc, Thomas I. (2007). Introduction to the Prophets: Their Stories, Sayings and Scrolls. New York, Paulist.\r\n[28] McKane, W. (1979). \u2018Prophecy and the Prophetic Literature\u2019, in Anderson, G.W. (ed.), Tradition and Interpretation: Essays by Members of the Society for Old Testament Study, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 163-88.\r\n[29] Mckenzie, John L. (1956).The Two Edged Sword. Milwaukee: Bruce.\r\n[30] Ndiokwere, N.I. (1995). Prophecy and Revolution. London: SPCK.\r\n[31] Nissinen, M., (2004). \u2018What is prophecy? An Ancient Near Eastern perspective\u2019, in J. Kaltner &amp; L. Stulman (eds.), Inspired speech. Prophecy in the Ancient Near East. Essays in Honor of Herbert B. Huffmon, London, T&amp;T Clark International: 17\u221237.\r\n[32] Nissinen, M. (2017). Ancient Prophecy: Near Eastern, biblical, and Greek perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[33] Nissinen, M. (2019a). Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East. Atlanta: Society for Bible Knowledge\r\n[34] Nissinen, M. (2019b). Prophetic Divination: Essays in Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy by De Gruyter, Volume 494 in the series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110467765\r\n[35] Nmah, P.E &amp; Nwadialor, L. K. (May, 2011) \u201cBiblical Theories of the History of Prophetism in Old Testament: An Ethical Monotheistic Approach\u201d, in African Research Review: An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, Vol. 5 (3), Serial No. 20: 290 \u2013 306.\r\n[36] Noth, Martin. (1960).The History of Israel. London: Adam &amp; Charles Black.\r\n[37] Nyoyoko, V. G. (2003). Insights into the Monarchy in Israel (1030BC \u2013 582BC). Takoradi, Ghana: St. Francis Press.\r\n[38] Nyoyoko, V. G. (2006). Old Testament Explorations, Vol. 1. Port Harcourt: Epistemic Publishers.\r\n[39] Okoronkwo, M. (2020). \u201cThe Prophets\u201d (lecture notes for CRS217). Abuja: Noun Press.\r\n[40] Pritchard, James. (1969). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.\r\n[41] Rowley, H. H. . (1956). Prophecy and Religion in Ancient China and Israel. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers.\r\n[42] Rowley, H. H. ed. (1950).Studies in the Old Testament Prophecy. Edinburgh: T &amp; T Clark.\r\n[43] Scott, Hahn, ed. (2009). Catholic Bible Dictionary RANDOM HOUSE.\r\n[44] Scott, R.B.Y. (1969). The Relevance of the Prophets: An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets and their Message. London: The Macmillan Company.\r\n[45] Udoekpo, Michael Ufok. (2017). Rethinking the Prophetic Critique of Worship in Amos 5 for Contemporary Nigeria and the USA. Eugene, Oregon, Pickwick Publications.\r\n[46] Vawter, Bruce. (1961).The Conscience of Israel. New York: Sheed and Ward.\r\n[47] Von Rad, Gerhard.(1968). The Message of the Prophets. New York: Harper &amp; Row.\r\n[48] Weinfeld, Moshe. (1972). Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomistic School. Oxford: Clarendon Press.\r\n[49] Wessels, W. J. (2021). \u201cEngaging Old Testament Prophetic literature in Traumatic Times of Loss and Grief\u201d. HTS Teologiese Studies\/Theological Studies 77 (4), a6441.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hts.v77i4.6441.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nyoyoko, Vincent Gabriel, Essien, Stella Patrick, &#8220;A Re-examination of the Origin and Cycle of Prophetic Movement in Israel&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.209-217 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/209-217.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-id=\"c0c961d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0d958f\" data-id=\"c0d958f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d975a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0d975a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9832 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0d9832\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0d99be\" data-id=\"c0d99be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0d9ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9b8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0d9b8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9ced\" data-id=\"c0d9ced\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9dfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0d9dfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0d9ea2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0d9ea2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0da0ad\" data-id=\"c0da0ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0da1d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0da1d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0da282 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0da282\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0da435\" data-id=\"c0da435\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0da54b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0da54b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Coastal Erosion and Coastal Livelihood Activities in Ghana. A Case of Ada-Foahin the Greater Accra Region of Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Emmanuel Agbenyegah Ayerteye &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 218-226<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0da5f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0da5f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0da784\" data-id=\"c0da784\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0da8ed elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0da8ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coastal erosion and shoreline retreat on the livelihood activities of residents in the Ada-Foah area. To answer this research question, interview data were gathered from 30 participants comprising a sample of 20 residents of Ada-Foah, VRA, CDDF, NADMO, the District Assembly, the CRS, the Department of Wildlife, assemblymen, and chiefs, in connection with the major livelihood activities in the study area and how these have been impacted by erosion. From the data gathered, the major livelihood activities of the people in the study area were found to include: fishing, fish mongering, farming, salt mining, trading, and investment. Part of the data for answering this question was also obtained through field observation. The result of the study showed that coastal erosion has led to the loss of viable livelihood activities in the Ada-Foah areas creating survival problems for the coastal residents.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 218-226\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Agbenyegah Ayerteye<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSocial Studies Department, Mount Mary College of Education, Somanya, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abbot, P. 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(2001). Understanding the Cultures of Fishing Communities: A Key to Fisheries Management and Food Security. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 401.\r\n[38] Mensah, M. A., Koranteng, K. A., Bortey, A. &amp;Yeboah, D. A. (2006). The State of World Fisheries from a Fishworker Perspective: The Ghanaian Situation. Samudra Monograph. India: International Collective in Support of Fishworkers.\r\n[39] MoWR (2006). Coastal development strategy. Water Resources Planning Organizations, Government Ofthe People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh. Ministry of Water Resources, 12(1), 4\u20135\r\n[40] Narayan, D. R., Chambers, M. Shah, K. &amp;Petesch, P. (2000). Voices of the poor. Crying out for change. UK: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.\r\n[41] Negash, A. &amp;Niehof, A. (2004). The significance of Enset culture and biodiversity for rural household food and livelihood security in Southwestern Ethiopia. Agriculture and Human Values, 21(1), 61-71.\r\n[42] ODI. (1999). Rurallivelihood diversity. Retrieved on March 15, 2010. From http:\/\/www.smallstock.info\/reference\/ODI\/odinrp40.pdf\r\n[43] Odumah, L. &amp;Adu-Gyimah, E. (2002). Social Studies for Senior Secondary Schools. Kumasi: Henry Ventures\r\n[44] Patton, M. (1987). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation. California: Sage Publication.\r\n[45] Pomeroy, S. R., Ratner, D. B., Hall J. S., Pimoljinda, J. &amp;Vivekanan, V. (2006). Coping with disaster: rehabilitating coastal livelihoods and communities.\r\n[46] Ramachandran, A., Enserink, B. &amp;Balchand, A. N. (2005). Coastal regulation zone rules in coastal panchayats (villages) of Kerala, India vis-\u00e0-vis socio-economic impacts from the recently introduced peoples\u2019 participatory program for local self-governance and sustainable development. Ocean &amp; Coastal Management. 48(78): 632-653.\r\n[47] Sachs, J. D. (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. USA: Penguin Publishers.\r\n[48] Scoones, I. (1998). Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Brighton. IDS Working Paper 72.\r\n[49] Sen, A. (1997). Editorial: Human Capital and Human Capability. World Development, 25 (12), 1959-1961.\r\n[50] Singh, N. and J. Gilman. (1999). Making livelihoods more sustainable. International Social Science Journal 5(1), 539\u2013545.\r\n[51] Stegeman, J. J. &amp; Solow, A. R. (2002). Environmental Health and the Coastal Zone. Environmental Health Perspectives. 110 (11), 660-661.\r\n[52] Tripathy, S. N. &amp; Sunakars, P. (1999). Fundamentals of Environmental studies. New Delhi: Vrinda Publication\r\n[53] UNDP. (2006). Annual Report 2006. New York.\r\n[54] WMO, (2003). Proceedings of the Fifth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-V). WMO Rep., Geneva, Switzerland, 31 pp.\r\n[55] World Bank. (2005). Lessons from Natural Disasters and Emergency Reconstruction. Operations Evaluation Department, the World Bank, Washington, DC. Retrieved on April 8, 2010. From www.york.ac.uk\/inst\/sei\/sustainability\/livelihoods\/def.html\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emmanuel Agbenyegah Ayerteye, &#8220;Coastal Erosion and Coastal Livelihood Activities in Ghana. A Case of Ada-Foahin the Greater Accra Region of Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.218-226 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/218-226.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/218-226.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/coastal-erosion-and-coastal-livelihood-activities-in-ghana-a-case-of-ada-foah-in-the-greater-accra-region-of-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Coastal Erosion and Coastal Livelihood Activities in Ghana. A Case of Ada-Foahin the Greater Accra Region of Ghana<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dbaab elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0dbaab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dbed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dbed1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc025\" data-id=\"c0dc025\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc131 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0dc131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc1d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dc1d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc328\" data-id=\"c0dc328\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc433 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0dc730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc7ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dc7ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc90f\" data-id=\"c0dc90f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dca19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0dca19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dcab3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dcab3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dcc70\" data-id=\"c0dcc70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dcd93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0dcd93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dce39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dce39\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dcfec\" data-id=\"c0dcfec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dd10c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0dd10c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teacher resources available to facilitate inclusive educational practices in pre-schools within Obio-Akpor in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chima-Uzosike Ngozi, Michael Subbey &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 227-233<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0dd1ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0dd1ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0dd331\" data-id=\"c0dd331\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dd469 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0dd469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Education is one of the tools humanity uses to help in developing society through man. Since society needs the contributions of everyone in developing it, a lot of efforts are made through research and others to educate almost everybody in society in contributing to it. The mind of the individual has to be trained to a level that it would be beneficial to each member of the society.\r\nIn creating a better society, we could not depend on one person in carrying out the desired development else society or community would lag behind. Hence every person whether with any form of disability or not has to be developed to his\/her full potential. Inclusive education has been internationally recognized as a philosophy for attaining equity, justice and quality education for all children, especially those who have been traditionally excluded from mainstream education for reasons of disability, ethnicity, gender or other characteristics (Nguyet &amp; Ha, 2010).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 227-233\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6115<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chima-Uzosike Ngozi<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Michael Subbey<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adelowo, T.O. (2006). Education and human development of the special needs child: A global view. In T.C. Obani (Ed). Teaching pupils with special educational needs in the regular UBE classroom. Ibadan-Nigeria: Book-Builders. 1-36.\r\n[2] Ainscow, M. (1997). Developing inclusive education system: what are the levels for change? Journal for Educational change 6, 109-124.\r\n[3] Amedahe, F. K. (2002). Fundamentals of educational research methods. Cape Coast: UCC.\r\n[4] Amedahe, F. K., &amp; Gyimah, E.A. (2005). Introduction to educational research. Cape Coast: Centre for Continuing Education.\r\n[5] Anaby D., Law M., Coster, W., Bedell, G., Khetani, M., &amp; Teplicky, R. (2014). The mediating role of the environment in explaining participation of children and youth with and without disabilities across home, school, and community. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.\r\n[6] Avramidis, H. L., &amp; Norwich, J. F. (2002). A validation study of the performance indicators and learner outcomes of Kentucky\u2019s alternate assessment for students with significant disabilities. The Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 100-110.\r\n[7] Bernheimer, L. P., Gallimore, R., &amp; Weisner, T. S. (1990). Ecocultural theory as a context for the individual family service plan. Journal of Early Intervention, 14(3), 219-233.\r\n[8] Bhandarkar, P. C. &amp; Wilkinson, TS. (2010). Methodology and Techniques of Social Research. Mumbai: Himalaya.\r\n[9] Booth, T. (1996). Index for inclusion: Developing learning and participation in schools. Bristol: Centre for studies on Inclusive Education.\r\n[10] Deku, P., &amp; Vanderpuye, I. (2008). Assessing instructional strategies: A case study of selected regular schools in Ghana. Implication for Inclusive education. African Journal of Special Educational Needs, 5(4), 67-78.\r\n[11] Deng, H. (2010). Emerging patterns and trends in utilizing electronic resources in a higher education environment: an empirical analysis. New library world, 111(3-4), 87-103.\r\n[12] Dyson, A. (1999), Special needs in the twenty first century: where have we been and where we\u2018re going (The Ron Guilford lecture). British Journal of Special Education of Special education, 28 (1), 24-49.\r\n[13] Eleweke C. J. (2016). Nigeria\u2019s national policy on special education: A critical appraisal.\r\nhttp:\/\/www.firsteternal.com\/africanadeleweke_001.html (Retrieved: 11\/05\/2016)\r\n[14] Enabling Education Network (EENET) (2004). Preparing new teachers for inclusive schools and classrooms.\r\nhttp:\/\/www3.interscience.wiley.com. (Retrieved: 02\/04\/2018)\r\n[15] Engelbrecht, P. (1997). A theoretical framework for inclusive education. In P. Engelbrecht, L. Green, S. Naicker &amp; L. Engelbrecht (Eds) Inclusive education in action in South Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik. 3-12.\r\n[16] Fraenkel, J. R., &amp; Wallen, N.E. (2003). How to design and evaluate research in education (4th ed.). New Jersey: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.\r\n[17] Gardner, M., &amp; Kelly, U. A. (2008). Introduction: Narrating transformative learning in education. In M. Gardner &amp; U. A. Kelly (Ed.), Narrating transformative learning in education (pp. 105-201). New York: Macmillan.\r\n[18] Garuba, A. (2003). Inclusive education in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities for Nigeria. Asia Pac. Disab. Rehab. J., 2003; 14(2):191-200.\r\n[19] Hayford, S. K. (2007). Continuous assessment and lower attaining pupils in primaryand junior secondary schools in Ghana. PhD Thesis: University of Birmingham.\r\nhttp:\/\/etheses.bham.ac.uk\/128\/1\/Hayford08PhD.pdf. (Retrieved: 12\/09\/2019)\r\n[20] Hsu, C. &amp; Sandford, B. (2010). Instrumentation. In Neil J. Salkind (Ed.), encyclopedia of research design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\r\n[21] Krejcie, R.V., &amp; Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research Activities. Educational &amp; Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.\r\n[22] Kwabia, K. (2006). Theory in social research: The link between literature and observation. Accra: Woeli Publishing Services.\r\n[23] Lidsay, G. (2003), Educational psychology and the effectiveness of inclusive education\/mainstreaming. British journal of Educational psychology. 50 (4) 482-502.\r\n[24] Moore, C., &amp; Gilbreath, D. (1998). Educating students with disabilities in general. Retrieved from mrsh\/files\/Rapport.SEH_.pdf.\r\n[25] Nguyet, D. T., &amp; Ha, L. T. (2010). How to guide series: Preparing teachers for inclusive education. CRS Vietnam: Catholic Relief Services.\r\n[26] Obi, F. (2013). An effective parenting of children with special needs. A guidebook for parents, special educators, counselors and related professional. Ibadon: Hope Publications.\r\n[27] Obiakor, F. E., &amp; Offor, M. T. (2012). Special education contexts, problems, and prospects in Nigeria. In: Winzer MA, Mazurek K. editors. International practices in special education: Debates and challenges. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.\r\n[28] Osuala, E. C. (2005). Introduction to research methodology. Onitsha: African First Publishers.\r\n[29] Shuttleworth, M. (2008). Descriptive research design. http:\/\/www.experimentresources.com\/descriptive-research-design.html (Retrieved: 10\/10\/2020)\r\n[30] Sweetland, J. (2008). Making dissatisfaction divine: An inspired approach to whole school reform. International Journal of Whole Schooling, 4(1), 1-9.\r\n[31] UNESCO (2009). Reaching the marginalized: How to approach inclusive education. UNESCO International Conference, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, 10-11 September 2009.\r\n[32] Varkevisser, C. (2003). Research methodology. (3rded.). London: Oxford University Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chima-Uzosike Ngozi, Michael Subbey &#8220;Teacher resources available to facilitate inclusive educational practices in pre-schools within Obio-Akpor in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.227-233 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6115<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/227-233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teacher-resources-available-to-facilitate-inclusive-educational-practices-in-pre-schools-within-obio-akpor-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teacher resources available to facilitate inclusive educational practices in pre-schools within Obio-Akpor in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e38c0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0e38c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0e3a0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0e3a0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0e3c67\" data-id=\"c0e3c67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f1cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f1cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f1db2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f1db2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f1f81\" data-id=\"c0f1f81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f20c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f20c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f217b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f217b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f22ee\" data-id=\"c0f22ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f2418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f24cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f24cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f263f\" data-id=\"c0f263f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2775 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f2775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f281c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f281c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f297c\" data-id=\"c0f297c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2a94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f2a94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2b39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f2b39\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2c89\" data-id=\"c0f2c89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2d9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f2d9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2e38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f2e38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f2fa6\" data-id=\"c0f2fa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f30ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f30ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Appraisal of Citizen Journalism in Democracy and Good Governance: Focus on EndSars Protest in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Chiakaan, Gbaden Jacob, Kaigama, Kwapsoni Pius, Kpera, Wombu Richard, Tsokwa, Blessing Solomon- January 2022- Page No.: 234-240<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0f3159 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0f3159\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0f32f2\" data-id=\"c0f32f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f342a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c0f342a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study is entitled: \u201cAn Appraisal of Citizen Journalism in Democracy and Good Governance: Focus on EndSars Protest in Nigeria.\u201d The aim of the study is to appraise the role of citizens Journalism in democracy and good governance with a special focus on EndSars protest in Nigeria. Anchored on the democratic participant media theory which is concerned about individual citizen\u2019s right to access to the media. The study, incline to the quantitative approach, adopts the survey design method with data were collected through the instrument of a questionnaire which was administered on 150 respondents in Nigeria using simple random sampling method. Findings from the study reveals that citizens journalism contributed to the success of the EndSars protest in Nigeria through different ways such as constant posting of information about the protest, creating awareness about the protest, setting agenda for public discussion in the media and telling Nigerians how the government and the police have failed. Findings further reveals that through sharing of pictures and video clips of victims of police brutality, exposing atrocities committed by members of the Sars group, encouraging Nigerians on the need for police reform and encouraging Nigerians on the need to EndSars and police brutality made many citizens all over the country to join the protest. The study concludes that Citizen Journalism has become an essential part of modern-day society because it has given voice to the voiceless especially in a diversified society like Nigeria. It therefore, recommends the convention media to encourage and train the citizen journalists who can be an asset to them.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 234-240\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Chiakaan, Gbaden Jacob <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Relations, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kaigama, Kwapsoni Pius <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kpera, Wombu Richard <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Taraba State Polytechnic, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tsokwa, Blessing Solomon <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Broadcasting, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aborisade, R. &amp; Fayemi, J. (2015). Police Corruption in Nigeria: A Perspective on its Nature and Control. Nigerian Journal of Social Sciences, XVII (2): 245-262\r\n[2] Adelabu, O. (2008). Citizen journalism practice: The 21st Century Challenges for Nigerian Journalism. In Mojaye, Oyewo, E.M., Bayo, R. and Sobowale, I.A. (ed). Globalization and development communication in Africa. Ibadan: University Press.\r\n[3] Amnesty International (2014) Welcome to Hell Fire: Torture and Other Treatment in Nigeria. London: Amnesty International Limited.\r\n[4] Anorue, L.I., Paul, M.O. and Chima, A.O. (2013). Benefits, Challenges and Prospects of Citizen Journalism Practice in Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences, Vol. 5. Pp.357- 368.\r\n[5] Baase, S. (2008). A Gift of Fire (3rd ed.). Lebanon: Prentice Hall.\r\n[6] Bruce R. Lindsay (2011). Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations, Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41987\r\n[7] Chiakaan, G.J. and Ahmad, J.I. (2014). Mass Communication for Beginners. Makurdi: Azaben Publishers (ETF Sponsored).\r\n[8] Chiakaan, G.J. and Tsafa, N.T. (2021). Development Communication in Nigeria: A Pragmatic Approach. Nonimob Ventures.\r\n[9] Constanzo, M. &amp; Gerrity, E. (2009). The Effects and Effectiveness of Using Torture as an Interrogation Device: Using Research to Inform the Policy Debate. Social Issues and Policy Review, 3(1): 179-210.\r\n[10] Dare, S. (2011). The Rise of Citizen Journalism in Nigeria \u2013 A Case Study of Sahara Reporters. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.\r\n[11] Emmanuel, D. (2020). Why Twitter Topped Facebook during Police Brutality Protest that went Viral. Extracted from: https:\/\/nairametrics.com\/2020\/10\/28\/endsars-why-twitter-topped-facebook-during-police-brutalityprotests-that-went-viral\/)\r\n[12] Etika, D.N. (2019). Citizen Journalism and it\u2019s Impacts On Professional Journalism in Progressives Society: A Study of 2019 Governorship Election in Cross River State. International Journal of Recent Advances in Psychology &amp; Psychotherapy Vol. 3, Issue 1 \u2013 2019.\r\n[13] Folarin, B. (1998). Theories of mass communication: An introductory text. Lagos: Stirling-Horden Publishers (Nig) Ltd.\r\n[14] Itule, B. &amp; Anderson, D. (2000). News Writing and Reporting for Today\u2019s Media. 5th Ed.\r\n[15] Nnanyelugo, O., Diri, C.T. and Odii, C. (2013). Citizen Journalism in Nigeria: Possibilities and Challenges. New Media and Mass Communication. Vol.11: 1-7.\r\n[16] Ojewale, O. (2020). Africa in Focus: Youth protests for police reform in Nigeria: What lies ahead for #EndSARS. Thursday, October 29, 2020\r\n[17] The Punch (2016, September 23). \u201cYou are Not Authorized to Kill\u201d, IG tells SARS. The Punch Newspapers. Retrieved September 23, 2016, from http:\/\/punchng.com\/ai-report-ig-warns-sars-operatives-suspects-torture\/.\r\n[18] Tomas F. (2020). Nigeria: #EndSARS Protests Against Police Brutality. Congressional Research Service https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov IN11525\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Chiakaan, Gbaden Jacob, Kaigama, Kwapsoni Pius, Kpera, Wombu Richard, Tsokwa, Blessing Solomon, &#8220;An Appraisal of Citizen Journalism in Democracy and Good Governance: Focus on EndSars Protest in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.234-240 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/234-240.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/234-240.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-appraisal-of-citizen-journalism-in-democracy-and-good-governance-focus-on-endsars-protest-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Appraisal of Citizen Journalism in Democracy and Good Governance: Focus on EndSars Protest in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c100467 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c100467\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1011bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10128d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10128d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c101527\" data-id=\"c101527\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c101973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c101973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c101a14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c101a14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c101b66\" data-id=\"c101b66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c101c6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c101c6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c101d0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c101d0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c101e76\" data-id=\"c101e76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c101f95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c101f95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of Defense Forces in the North Sulawesi Border Area as the Implementation of the Big Island Defense Strategy<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Emir Zulkarnain Mokodompis, Wayan Nuriada, Joni Widjayanto- January 2022- Page No.: 241-247<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10203c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10203c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1021c1\" data-id=\"c1021c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10247b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c10247b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nIndonesia as an archipelagic country has a very wide border area, including North Sulawesi which borders the Sulawesi Sea, the Pacific Sea, and the Republic of the Philippines. Based on the characteristics of the border area of North Sulawesi which is an archipelago and the lack of monitoring infrastructure, the supervision carried out by the TNI is less than optimal, so that it becomes a gap for foreigners to enter illegally and also has the potential to become an entry point for other threats to state sovereignty. Based on this, this research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the development of defense forces in the North Sulawesi Border Region which needs to be implemented in the context of implementing the defense strategy of the big islands. The approach used is qualitative with data in the form of secondary data obtained from literature studies. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study stated that the development of defense forces in the border area of North Sulawesi must refer to the orientation to self-reliance of Sulawesi as a whole as one of the big islands which is the center of national defense. This can be realized by building food, water, energy reserves and national infrastructure facilities. In addition, in accordance with the condition of the border area in the form of an archipelago, it is also necessary to procure means of inter-island transportation that is intended for the implementation of the border control function. The development of defense forces also pays attention to four important aspects that must be considered, namely the budget aspect, setting practical targets, improving the quality of defense soldiers, and increasing deterrence.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 241-247\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emir Zulkarnain Mokodompis<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProdi Strategi Perang Semesta, Fakultas Strategi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wayan Nuriada<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProdi Strategi Perang Semesta, Fakultas Strategi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joni Widjayanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProdi Strategi Perang Semesta, Fakultas Strategi Pertahanan, Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Susdarwono, E. T., Setiawan, A., &amp; Husna, Y. N. (2020). Kebijakan negara terkait perkembangan dan revitalisasi industri pertahanan Indonesia dari masa ke masa. Jurnal USM Law Review, 3(1), 155\u2013181\r\n[2] Lind, W. S. (2004). Understanding fourth generation warfare. Military Review, 12, 12\u201324.\r\n[3] O\u2019Brien, K., &amp; Barnett, J. (2013). The global environmental change and human security (GECHS) project. Annnu. Rev. Environmen. Resource, 38, 373\u2013391.\r\n[4] Lasabuda, R. (2013). Pembangunan wilayah pesisir dan lautan dalam perspektif negara kepulauan republik Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax, 1(2), 92\u2013101.\r\n[5] Suprapto. (2019). Inilah Konsep Pertahanan Negara Ala Prabowo Subianto, Jelaskan Indonesia Hilang Jika Tak Lakukan Ini. Wartakota.Tribunnews.Com. https:\/\/wartakota.tribunnews.com\/2019\/11\/11\/inilah-konsep-pertahanan-negara-ala-prabowo-subianto-jelaskan-indonesia-hilang-jika-tak-lakukan-ini?page=all\r\n[6] Setiawan, B. (2017). Formation pattern state defense reserve components in five countries in Asian. Journal of Business &amp; Behavioral Enterpreneurship, 1(1), 18\u201326.\r\n[7] Putra, Y. M. (2015). Daerah Perbatasan Rawan Dimasuki Warga Negara Asing. Www.Republika.Co.Id.https:\/\/www.republika.co.id\/berita\/np4bbh\/daerah-perbatasan-rawan-dimasuki-warga-negara-asing\r\n[8] Sulut.kemenkumham.go.id. (2020). Kanwil Kemenkumham Sulawesi Utara Deportasi 51 WNA Filipina. https:\/\/sulut.kemenkumham.go.id\/berita-kanwil\/berita-utama\/2904-kanwil-kemenkumham-sulawesi-utara-deportasi-51-wna-filipin\r\n[9] Kiswondari. (2021). Kisah Prajurit TNI Jaga Pulau Terluar, Nebeng Perahu Warga hingga Ancaman Keamanan. Nasional.Okezone.Com. https:\/\/nasional.okezone.com\/read\/2021\/10\/12\/337\/2484908\/kisah-prajurit-tni-jaga-pulau-terluar-nebeng-perahu-warga-hingga-ancaman-keamanan\r\n[10] kemhan.go.id. (2017, May 3). Aksi bela negara se-Indonesia dimulai dari Sulut. https:\/\/www.kemhan.go.id\/itjen\/2017\/05\/03\/aksi-bela-negara-se-indonesia-dimulai-dari-sulut.html\r\n[11] Santoso, A. T., &amp; Sudibyakto, H. A. (2011). Implementasi dan dampak kebijakan penataan ruang kawasan pertahanan di perbatasan Kalimantan Barat (studi di Kabupaten Sambas). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, XVII(1), 25\u201342.\r\n[12] Jazuli, A. (2016). Pembangunan Pertahanan Dan Keamanan Demi Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia: Kewibawaan Suatu Negara. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, 16(2), 187\u2013199.\r\n[13] Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R&amp;D (Alfabeta).\r\n[14] Miles, M. B., &amp; Huberman, A. M. (2009). Qualitative Data Analysis. (terjemahan). Penerbit Salemba Empat.\r\n[15] Rivai, V. (2014). Kepemimpinan Dan Perilaku Organisasi. Grafindo Persada.\r\n[16] Wahyono, S. K. (2008). Membangun kekuatan pertahanan. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, XIII(2), 19\u201325\r\n[17] Zahara, E. L., &amp; Rizky, A. (2020). Analisis ringkas cepat anggaran pertahanan Indonesia. Analisis Ringkas Cepat.\r\n[18] Noor, J. (2020). Manajemen strategi konsep dan model bisnis. La tansa mashiro publisher\r\n[19] Zahara, E. L., &amp; Rizky, A. (2020). Analisis ringkas cepat anggaran pertahanan Indonesia. Analisis Ringkas Cepat.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Emir Zulkarnain Mokodompis, Wayan Nuriada, Joni Widjayanto, &#8220;Development of Defense Forces in the North Sulawesi Border Area as the Implementation of the Big Island Defense Strategy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.241-247 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/241-247.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/241-247.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-of-defense-forces-in-the-north-sulawesi-border-area-as-the-implementation-of-the-big-island-defense-strategy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Development of Defense Forces in the North Sulawesi Border Area as the Implementation of the Big Island Defense Strategy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c117efa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c118b59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c118cd0\" data-id=\"c118cd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c118de3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c118de3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c118e8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c118e8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c118fda\" data-id=\"c118fda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1190f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1190f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119199 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119199\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c119313\" data-id=\"c119313\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c119448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119505 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119505\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11966b\" data-id=\"c11966b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11977b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11977b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119822\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c119968\" data-id=\"c119968\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119aa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c119aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119b47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119b47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c119cbf\" data-id=\"c119cbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c119dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Demographic Correlates of Deviance among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Magdalene Mwele, Stephen Asatsa (PhD), Simon Kang\u2019ethe (PhD) &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 248-253<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119e74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119e74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c119ff2\" data-id=\"c119ff2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11a126 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c11a126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Deviant behaviour is seen as a complex social and psychological phenomenon, associated with the way the person interacts with their environment. This would mean that deviant behaviour problem depends on the interaction between the personality and society. Deviant behaviour among teachers is in the rise assuming a global phenomenon. Although studies have been carried on deviant behaviours in school, majority of these researches are about students\u2019 deviant behaviours sparing studies specifically on teachers\u2019 deviance. Similarly, the approach used as an intervention measure to deviance is more punitive than supportive with skewed emphasis on disciplinary action and less focus on the psycho-social support. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychosocial correlates of deviant behaviour among teachers in public secondary school in Nairobi County. The study was guided by five research objectives namely to explore the motivation of deviant behaviours among teachers in public secondary schools, to determine the psychological correlates of deviant behaviour among teachers in public secondary schools, to determine the social correlates of deviance behaviour among teachers in public secondary schools, to examine the teacher\u2019s perceptions towards the existing programs of managing psychosocial correlates of deviance among teachers in public and to establish the coping mechanisms used by teachers to deal with psychosocial correlates of deviance in public secondary schools. The study was anchored on two theoretical frameworks namely the Self-determination theory (SDT) and the Transactional Model and adopted the mixed methods embedded research design. The target population was 2387. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 343 teachers, while purposive sampling was used to select the 30 principals and automatic inclusion technique to select those to participate in interview schedules. Quantitative data were collected using two standardized questionnaires namely the Multidimensional scaling toolwith reliability coefficient of 0.925. Qualitative data were collected using two interview guides for Principals (supervisors) and those participants who reported high level of deviance. Data analysis was done using Statistical package for Social Science, correlation analysis and thematic analysis backed by narratives. The study established positive significant correlation on deviance across psychological, social and demographic factors like, age and experience of the teachers. The study further established higher deviance among the less experienced teachers than those with more years of service. The results further showed that there was no significant correlation on deviance and gender. These findings may be relevant in designing future interventions for teachers with deviant behaviour and could enhance and complement the existing interventions. The study recommended further research on correlation on remuneration and deviance. The study recommended Psycho-social support programs be established by the employer to address deviance among teachers rather than disciplinary procedures as it is the practice currently in Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 248-253\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6116<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Magdalene Mwele<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stephen Asatsa (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Simon Kang\u2019ethe (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Education, KCA University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Anasiz, B. T., &amp; Puskulluoglu, E. I., (2018). Phenomenological Analysis of Teachers\u2019\r\n[2] Orga the nizational Deviance Experiences in a Rural Primary School in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1.\r\n[3] Asiyai, R. (2019). Deviant Behaviour in Secondary School and its Impact on Students\u2019 Learning.Journal of Educational and Social Research 9(3):170-177\r\n[4] Braje, I. N., Aleksic, A. &amp; Jelavic,S.R. (2020). Blame It on Individual or Organization Environment: What Predicts Workplace Deviance More?Social Sciences, MDPI, OpenAccess Journal, vol. 9(6), pp 1-12.\r\n[5] Chernyak-Hai, L and Rabenu, E. (2018). The New Era Workplace Relationships: Is Social Exchange Theory Still Relevant? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 11(3), pp 456\u2013481.\r\n[6] Creswell, J. W. (2011). Controversies in Mixed Methods Research. In N. Denzin, &amp; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (4th ed., pp. 269-283). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\r\n[7] D\u2019Silva, J. L., Bachok, A., &amp; Zawawi, D. (2020). Factors Affecting Deviant Behaviour at Workplace among Young Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(15), 176\u2013188\r\n[8] Fagbenro, D.A., &amp; Olasupo, O. M. (2020). Quality of Family Life and Workplace Deviant Behaviour with Perceived Competence as a Mediator among University Staff,Na\u0161e gospodarstvo\/Our Economy, 66(2), 15\u201327.\r\n[9] Kagwe, M. Ngigi, S., K., Mutisya, S. (2018). Sources of Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies among Teachers in Borstal Institutions in Kenya.Edelweiss Psyi Open Access 2: 18-21\r\n[10] Kerlinger, F. N &amp; Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of Behavioural Research (4thed). California State University: Northridge.\r\n[11] Kombo, D.L. and L.A. Tromp, 2006. Proposal and Thesis Writing: An Introduction. Pauline Publications. Nairobi, Kenya\r\n[12] Robbin, S., L., &amp; Bennet, R.J. (2000). A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviours: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No. 2. (Apr., 1995), pp. 555-572.\r\n[13] Rogelberg, S. &amp; Stanton, J. Understanding and dealing with organizational survey non-response. Organizational Research Methods, 2007, 10, 195\u2013209.\r\n[14] Suleiman, Y., Suleiman, .J. M., Musa, M., &amp; Abubakar, Y.A., (2018). Teachers\u2019 Perceived Factors of Deviant Behaviour among Secondary School Students in Kwara State: Implication for Educational Managers. International Journal of Synergy and Research 7:59\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Magdalene Mwele, Stephen Asatsa (PhD), Simon Kang\u2019ethe (PhD), &#8220;Demographic Correlates of Deviance among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.248-253 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6116<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/248-253.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/demographic-correlates-of-deviance-among-teachers-in-public-secondary-schools-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Demographic Correlates of Deviance among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b1f4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11b946\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ba94\" data-id=\"c11ba94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11bbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11bbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11bc6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11bc6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11bdca\" data-id=\"c11bdca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11bed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11bed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11bf7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11bf7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11c0bd\" data-id=\"c11c0bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11c1d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11c1d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11c26c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11c26c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11c3ba\" data-id=\"c11c3ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11c4d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11c4d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11c570 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11c570\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11c6d7\" data-id=\"c11c6d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11c7e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11c7e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Social Correlates of Deviant Behavior among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Magdalene Mwele, Virginia Nyagah (PhD), Simon Kangethe (PhD) &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 254-260<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11c880 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11c880\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ca24\" data-id=\"c11ca24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11cb8c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c11cb8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Globally, deviant behavior is found to be a social challenge which has created different problems in the present society. With respect to school setting, the behavioral deviancy of teachers has attracted considerable attention of researchers and educationalists. This study therefore assessed demographic correlates of deviant behavior among teachers in public secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by Self-determination theory and Transactional Models. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population was 2387 comprising of 2291 teachers. A total sample of 385 participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using modified workplace deviance scale and social correlates questionnaire. Data was analyzed using univariate analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. From the findings teachers deviance had the highest on the sabotage domain (mean=3.0429; SD=1.09429) while the subscale of gossip had the lowest mean (mean=2.9898; SD=1.13283).On social correlates, workload had the greatest contribution to deviant behavior (mean=2.3507; SD=.86610) while responsibility had the lowest contribution to deviant behavior (mean=2.0442; SD=.73774).The findings indicate that teachers\u2019 workload had high impact on their deviance behavior. This implies that education stake holders ought to engage teachers on the area of workload in order to define the appropriate optimum work that teachers should hold. This will help in reducing deviance and improving productivity.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 254-260\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6117<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Magdalene Mwele<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Virginia Nyagah (PhD)<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Simon Kangethe (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nKCA University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adeoti, M.O., Shamsudin, F.M. &amp; Mohammad, A.M. (2021), &#8220;Opportunity, job pressure and Deviant Workplace Behaviour: Does Neutralization Mediate The Relationship? A study of faculty members in public universities in Nigeria&#8221;, European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 30 (2):170-190.\r\n[2] Aksu, A. (2016). Organizational deviance and multi-factor leadership. Educational Research and abReviews, 11(8), 589-597.\r\n[3] Anastasiou, S. &amp; Papakonstantinou, G. (2015). Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction, Stress And Work Performance of Secondary Education Teachers in Epirus, NW Greece. Int. J. of Management in Education. 8(1), 37 &#8211; 53.\r\n[4] Azim, A. M. M., Hassan, M. S., Zaid, D. S., &amp; Daud, M. A. (2020). The Influence of\r\n[5] Supervisor Support, Organizational Trust on Workplace Deviant Behavior: Do Psychological Contract Matter? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2), 116\u2013120.\r\n[6] Bennett, R. J., Marasi, S., Locklear, L. (2018). 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A., Mahmood, A. &amp; Kanwal, S. (2015). How Perceived Supervisor Support Effects Workplace Deviance? Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 9 (3), 940-967.\r\n[20] Koech, S.J., Tikoko, B.J., &amp; Chemwei, B. (2014).Institutional factors that influence teachers\u2019 turnover in public secondary schools in Baringo County, Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research,2(3), 20-39.\r\n[21] K\u00f6se, G.S. (2013). Ortaokul \u00f6\u00c4\u0178retmenlerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel sapma ve stratejik liderlik\r\n[22] aras\u00c4\u00b1ndaki ili\u00c5\u0178ki \u00fczerine alg\u00c4\u00b1lar\u00c4\u00b1: \u00c4\u00b0zmir ili \u00f6rne\u00c4\u0178i, Yay\u00c4\u00b1mlanmam\u00c4\u00b1\u00c5\u0178 Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi, E\u00c4\u0178itim Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00c4\u00b0zmir.\r\n[23] Lawrence, T.B., &amp; Robinson. S.L. (2007). Workplace Deviance as Organizational Resistance. Journal of Management, 33(3), 378-394.\r\n[24] Muiga, W.F., Ombui, D., &amp; Iravo, D.M. (2016). Effects of Work-Related Stress on Teachers \u201f Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Kikuyu Sub County, Kenya.\r\n[25] Ndung\u2019u, G. W. (2017). Teacher Indiscipline and the Effectiveness of Disciplinary Measures Employed By Head teachers In Public Secondary Schools In Githunguri, Kiambu County, Kenya. Published Master of Education Research Project. Kenyatta University Repository.\r\n[26] Palomo, M., Beinart, H., &amp; Cooper, M. J. (2010). Development and validation of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) in UK trainee clinical psychologists. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 49 (1): 131-149\r\n[27] Peterson, D. K. (2002). Deviant workplace behavior and the organization\u2019s ethical climate. Journal of Business and Psychology 17(1): 47-61.\r\n[28] Salakhova, V. B., Bulgakov, A. V., Sokolovskaya, I. E., Khammatova, R. S. &amp; Mikhaylovsky, M. N. (2016). Substantive (Content-Related) Characteristics of Deviant Behavior as a Social and Psychological Phenomenon. International Journal of Environmental &amp; Science Education, 11 (17), 10609-10622\r\n[29] Travers, C. J., &amp; Cooper, C. L. (1996). Teachers under pressure: Stress in the teaching profession. London: Routledge\r\n[30] \u00dcnal, A. (2012). Deviant Teacher Behaviors and Their Influence on School Rules and Interpersonal Relationships at School. Egitim Arastirmalari. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49 (1), 1-20.\r\n[31] Uwannah, N. C. (2015). Absenteeism, favoritism, and tardiness as predictors of job deviance in academia: The Nigeria experience. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(2), 75-81.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Magdalene Mwele, Virginia Nyagah (PhD), Simon Kangethe (PhD) &#8220;Social Correlates of Deviant Behavior among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.254-260 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6117<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/254-260.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/social-correlates-of-deviant-behavior-among-teachers-in-public-secondary-schools-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Social Correlates of Deviant Behavior among Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13971c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-element-c13a1e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c13a1e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c13a333\" data-id=\"c13a333\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13a43e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c13a43e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c13a4d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c13a4d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c13a62d\" data-id=\"c13a62d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13a735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c13a735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c13aac7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c13aac7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c13ac3c\" data-id=\"c13ac3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13ad60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c13ad60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Empowerment of Maritime Potential in the Coastal Region of West Kalimantan in Support of the Preparedness of the Indonesian Naval Main Base &#8211; XII<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mokhamad Subur, Beni Rudiawan, Arief Rachman &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 261-267<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c13ae1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c13ae1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c13afa5\" data-id=\"c13afa5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c13b0d0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c13b0d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nWest Kalimantan as one of the third largest provinces in Indonesia, has a long coastline to the north bordering Malaysia. Based on its geographical location, one-third of West Kalimantan is on the coast and islands or maritime areas facing the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (ALKI I) making its territorial waters and coasts as strategic areas that have threats and opportunities. The presence of the Indonesian Naval Main Base &#8211; XII in west Kalimantan must be able to empower the maritime potential and resources available, especially in the region \/ along the coast of West Kalimantan to support the operation of the elements and equipment.\r\nThe research methods used in writing this article are literature studies with descriptive qualitative approaches, interviewing field guides, as well as literature studies that support problem solving.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 261-267\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mokhamad Subur<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTotal War Strategy, Defense University of the Republic of Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Beni Rudiawan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nTotal War Strategy, Defense University of the Republic of Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arief Rachman <\/strong><\/span>\r\nTotal War Strategy, Defense University of the Republic of Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Central Bureau of Statistics of West Kalimantan Province. (2021). West Kalimantan Province in Numbers. Pontianak: BPS West Kalimantan Province.\r\n[2] Marine and Fisheries Office of West Kalimantan Province. (2018). Strategic Plan (Renstra) 2018-2023. Pontianak: Marine and Fisheries Service of West Kalimantan Province.\r\n[3] DPR RI. (2002). State Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 3 of 2002 concerning State Defense. Jakarta: DPR RI.\r\n[4] DPR RI. (2004). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian National Army. Jakarta: DPR RI.\r\n[5] Indonesian Rector&#8217;s Forum. (2015). Building Economic Synergy, Environment, Cultural Law, Security to Uphold Dignified Maritime States. Indonesian Rector&#8217;s Forum.\r\n[6] Jablonsky, D. (1999). ed, Root of Strategy Book 4. Philadelphia: Stackpole Book.\r\n[7] Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs of Indonesia. (2017). Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia nmor 16 of 2017 on Indonesian Marine Policy. Jakarta: Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs of Indonesia.\r\n[8] Mahan, A. T. (1987). The Influnece of The Sea Power Upon History 1660-1783. New York: Dover Publication Inc.\r\n[9] Marsetio. (2014). Indonesian Sea Power. Jakarta : Indonesia Defence University.\r\n[10] Marsetio, D. (2017). Makalah FGD &#8220;Indonesia Sebagai Poros maritim Dunia&#8221;. Bandung : Universitas Pajajaran.\r\n[11] Marsetio, L. T. (2014). Strategic Management of Maritime Countries in Economic and Defense Perspective. Graduation Scientific Oration to XXVI Stima IMMI Graduate Program. Jakarta.\r\n[12] Sugiyono. (2014). Quantitative, qualitative and R&amp;D research methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.\r\n[13] TNI AL. (2015). Regulation of the Chief of Naval Staff number 3 of 2015 concerning the Improvement of Naval Base Class B Pontianak to the Main Base of the Navy XII. Jakarta: TNI AL.\r\n[14] Tismananda, D. S. (2016). Implementation of ASEAN Maritime Forum in Indonesia Maritime Security System. Surabaya: Faculty of Tenik and Marine Sciences Hang Tuah University.\r\n[15] Decree of the Chief of Staff of the Navy (2018), Doctrine of The Empowerment of Marine Defense Areas\r\nhttps:\/\/kalbarprov.go.id\/page\/geografis\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mokhamad Subur, Beni Rudiawan, Arief Rachman , &#8220;Empowerment of Maritime Potential in the Coastal Region of West Kalimantan in Support of the Preparedness of the Indonesian Naval Main Base &#8211; XII&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.261-267 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/261-267.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/261-267.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/empowerment-of-maritime-potential-in-the-coastal-region-of-west-kalimantan-in-support-of-the-preparedness-of-the-indonesian-naval-main-base-xii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Empowerment of Maritime Potential in the Coastal Region of West Kalimantan in Support of the Preparedness of the Indonesian Naval Main Base &#8211; XII<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c140823 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c140823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1411cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c14126f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c14126f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1413cf\" data-id=\"c1413cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1414e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1414e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c141582 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c141582\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1416d9\" data-id=\"c1416d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c141800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c141800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1418a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1418a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c141a05\" data-id=\"c141a05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c141b56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c141b56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c141c02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c141c02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c141d95\" data-id=\"c141d95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c141ec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c141ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enterprise Risk Management and Banks\u2019 Financial Performance: Evidence from West African Countries<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Augustine C. Odubuasi, Dr. Felix Enaibre Ighosewe &amp; Dr. Nkechi T. Ofor- January 2022- Page No.: 268-272<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c141f73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c141f73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14210e\" data-id=\"c14210e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14226c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c14226c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis paper studied the effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on bank performance in three selected African countries over a study period of ten years spanning from 2009 to 2018. The study covered selected banks in Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria. The regressor is ERM measured by strategy, operation, reporting &amp; compliance while the regressed is bank performance measured by return on equity. Also, we controlled for firm size and leverage. The data generated were analysed using Stata 13 version, which assisted the use of some analytical techniques.. Panel regressionanalysis was conducted alongside Hausman effect test which indicated the better model that was interpreted between Random Effect (RE) and fixed effect (FE) models. As specified by the Hausman test, the FE model was used for model 1 while the random effect model was used to test model 2. The result revealed that enterprise risk management on the overall has a positive significant effect on bank performance provided it takes into consideration control variables like financial leverage and firm size. Hence, the study concludes that, ERM is instrumental to improved banks\u2019 financial performance (ROE). As such, regulatory authorities should come up with legislation(s) that should enforce and strengthen the enactment of enterprise risk management across banks in the study area.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 268-272\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Augustine C. Odubuasi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Hezekiah University, Imo State &#8211; Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Felix Enaibre Ighosewe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta state, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Nkechi T. Ofor <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdullah, A &amp; Ismail, K.N. (2015).Hedging activities information and risk management committee effectiveness: Malaysian evidence.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(37), 211 \u2013 219.\r\n[2] Abdullah, H.S.B., Janor, H., Hamid, M.A., &amp;Yatim, P. (2017). The effect of enterprise risk management on firm value: Evidence from Malaysian technology. JurnalPengurusan, 49(2017), 3-11.\r\n[3] Alawattegama, K.K. (2018). The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) on Firm Performance: Evidence from the Diversified Industry of Sri Lanka. Journal of Management Research, 10(1), 75 \u2013 93.\r\n[4] Ali, S.M., &amp; Isa, M.A. (2018).Firms attributes and corporate social responsibility disclosure: A literature review.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 312\u2013 325.\r\n[5] Altanashat, M., Dubai, M., &amp;Alhety, S. (2019).The impact of enterprise risk management on institutional performance in Jordanian public shareholding companies. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 13 (3), 256 \u2013 269.\r\n[6] Andersson, P., &amp;Wallgren, F.M. (2018). Board gender diversity and firm financial performance. Unpublished Master thesis submitted to the Department of Business Administration,J\u00d6NK\u00d6PING University, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping International Business School, Sweden.\r\n[7] Anton, S.G. (2018). The impact of enterprise risk management on firm value: Empirical evidence from Romanian non-financial firms. InzinerineEkonomika-Engineering Economics,29(2), 151\u2013157.\r\n[8] Araoye, F.E., &amp;Olatunji, T.E. (2019).Board meetings and financial performance of insurance companies in Nigeria.European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research,7(9), 1-16.\r\n[9] B\u00e9dard, J., Sonda, M.C., &amp;Courteau, L. (2004).The effect of audit committee expertise, independence, and activity on aggressive earnings management.Auditing-A Journal of Practice &amp; Theory, 23, 13-35.\r\n[10] COSO (2004) Enterprise Risk Management \u2014Integrated Framework: Executive Summary, available at http:\/\/www.coso.org\r\n[11] Florio, C., &amp;Leoni, G. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case. The British Accounting Review, 49(2017), 56 \u2013 74.\r\n[12] Ghosh, A., (2013). An empirical investigation into enterprise risk management in India. Working Paper Series, WPS No. 722\/ February, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Finance and Control Group.\r\n[13] Gordon, L.A., Loeb, M.P., &amp; Tseng, C.Y. (2009). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: A contingency perspective. Journal of Account, Public Policy, 28 (2009), 301 \u2013 327.\r\n[14] Husaini, &amp;Saiful. (2017). Enterprise risk management, corporate governance and firm value: Empirical evidence from Indonesian public listed companies. International Journal of\r\n[15] Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection.The Journal of Finance7(1), 77-91.\r\n[16] Markowitz, H. (1959). Portfolio Selection. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.\r\n[17] Mashonganyika, T.B. (2015). The relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in South Africa. An unpublished Master thesis submitted to the university of Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Johannesburg, South- Africa.\r\n[18] McClure, B. (2010). Modern portfolio theory: Why it\u2019s still hip. Investopedia.Retrieved on 12\/10\/19 from http:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/06\/MPT.asp#axzz1g3JQY7nY.\r\n[19] Musyoki, D., &amp;Komo, L. (2017). Risk factors and enterprise risk management in the financial service industry: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 3 (1), 29-45.\r\n[20] Nasir, N. (2018). Effect of enterprise risk management on firm value: Empirical evidence from non-financial firms in Pakistan. A masters degree thesis to faculty of management sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad.\r\n[21] Naz, F., Ijaz, F., &amp;Naqvi, F. (2016). Financial performance of firms: Evidence from Pakistan cement industry. Journal of Teaching and Education, 05 (01), 81 \u2013 94.\r\n[22] Ojeka, S.A., Adegboye, A., Adegboye, K., Alabi, O., Afolabi, M., &amp;Iyoha, F. (2019). Chief financial officer roles and enterprise risk management: An empirical based study. Journal List Heliyon, 5(6), 19 -34.\r\n[23] Ramlee, R., &amp; Ahmad, N. (2015).Panel data analysis on the effect of establishing the enterprise risk management on firms\u2019 performances. Proceedings of 4th European Business Research Conference 9-10 April, Imperial College, London, UK.\r\n[24] Rao, A. (2018). Empirical analysis of joint impact of enterprise risk management and corporate governance on firm value.International Review of Advances in Business, Management and Law, 1 (1), 34 \u2013 52.\r\n[25] Salaudeen, Y.M, Atoyebi, T.A., &amp;Oyegbile, B.A. (2018). Enterprise risk management and performance of selected listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. ApplieFinance and Accounting, 4(1), 112 \u2013 121.\r\n[26] \u015eenol, Z., &amp;Karaca, S.S. (2017). The effect of enterprise risk management on firm performance: A case study on Turkey. Financial Studies, 2(2017), 6 &#8211; 30.\r\n[27] Soliman, A., &amp; Adam, M. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: An integrated model for banking sector. Banks and Bank System, 12(2), 116\u2013123.\r\n[28] Teoh, A.P., Lee, K.Y., &amp; Muthuveloo, R. (2017).The impact of enterprise risk management, strategic agility, and quality of internal audit function on firm performance. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 222 \u2013 231.\r\n[29] Zuo, X., Isa, C.R., &amp;Rahman, M. (2017). Valuation of enterprise risk management in the manufacturing industry.Total Quality Management &amp; Business Excellence, DOI: 10.1080\/14783363.2017.1369877.\r\n[30] Kopia, J., Just, V., Geldmacher, W., &amp;Bubian, A. (2017). Organization performance and enterprise risk management. EGOFORUM, 6 (1(10), 1 \u2013 14.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Augustine C. Odubuasi, Dr. Felix Enaibre Ighosewe &amp; Dr. Nkechi T. Ofor, &#8220;Enterprise Risk Management and Banks\u2019 Financial Performance: Evidence from West African Countries&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.268-272 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/268-272.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14b645 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c14b645\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c14b709 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c14b709\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14b85b\" data-id=\"c14b85b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14b96b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c14b96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c14ba08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c14ba08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14bb57\" data-id=\"c14bb57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14bc5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c14bc5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c14bcff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c14bcff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14be47\" data-id=\"c14be47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14bf71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c14bf71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c14c014 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c14c014\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14c189\" data-id=\"c14c189\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15095b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15095b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Inventory Control Systems on Organisational Performance in the Mining Sector of Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dumisani Mawonde and Casper Demberere- January 2022- Page No.: 273-279<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c150a7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c150a7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c150cbb\" data-id=\"c150cbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c150e51 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c150e51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of inventory control systems on organisational performance in the mining sector of Zimbabwe. A quantitative survey approach was used and a sample of 203 mining companies was used for data analysis. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was run in Analysis for Moment Structures (AMOS) version 22 to test the formulated hypotheses. The findings of the study were that, inventory control systems have both positive direct and positive indirect effect on organisational performance. The study concluded that, inventory control systems have a positive effect on organisational performance in the mining sector of Zimbabwe. The study recommended mining companies in Zimbabwe to implement modern computerised inventory control systems for effective inventory management in order to enhance organisational performance.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 273-279\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 January 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6118<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dumisani Mawonde <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Casper Demberere <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adeyemi, S. 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IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dumisani Mawonde and Casper Demberere, &#8220;The Effect of Inventory Control Systems on Organisational Performance in the Mining Sector of Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.273-279 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6118<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15286d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1529b5\" data-id=\"c1529b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c152abf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c152abf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c152b5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c152b5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c152cae\" data-id=\"c152cae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c152dbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c152dbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c152e5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c152e5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c152fa8\" data-id=\"c152fa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1530b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1530b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15314e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15314e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1532bc\" data-id=\"c1532bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1533ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1533ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Transmission and spread of STIs and RTIs among Youths\u2019 in Higher Learning Institutions and Neighbors Villages in Mbeya City, Tanzania<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Kibani L. H, Mr Matem A. &amp; Dr Mwangosi F &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 280-287<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15346e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15346e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1535e8\" data-id=\"c1535e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c153711 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c153711\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are diseases often spread from person to person through sexual contact. The infections cause sexually transmitted diseases and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs). It has been well established that risk sexual behaviors among youths significantly influences their reproductive and general health. This study therefore investigated on the spread and transmission of sexual transmitted and reproductive tract infections to three Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) and Neighbor Village Youths (NVYs) in Mbeya district Tanzania. The study aimed at identifying the social interaction, sexual behaviors, knowledge on impact of sexual transmitted infections, influence of physical environment and future plan of HLIs and NVYs. The study was guided by two theories, social learning theory in particular \u2018Social Psychology Theory\u2019 and the \u2018Theory of Possible Selves\u2019. The study included 210 HLIs and 100 NVYs all aged between 18-30 years. Youths were randomly sampled from their areas. Data collection methods included survey questionnaires, focus group discussion and documentary review. The study employed a random sampling procedure. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Thematic and descriptive statistical analysis were employed. The results were as follows: Social interaction among youths of both sides, higher learning institutions and neighbor villages has negative impact since it creates vulnerability to STIs\/RTIs\/HIV infections. Youths were found engaging much in risk social behaviors which in turn lead them to reproductive complications such as abortions, PID, unplanned pregnancies, single parent childcare, academic dropout, poor academic achievement and the whole issue of personal and public underdevelopment socially, healthily and mentally. Results shows that youths lack clear knowledge about STIs and RTIs but were familiar with HIV\/AIDS however, they were fearing of getting pregnancies rather than infections. Village youths\u2019 future plans were about getting money and become rich person while higher learning institutions youths planned to get employment after graduating, to get nice houses and becoming somebody. In general risky sexual behaviors such as love affairs, unprotected sexes, multiple partners, luxurious lives, lack of knowledge, poverty, homeless, poor socio-economic status, low income, inherited western cultures and poor use of mobile networking among youths found as key contributors of spread and transmission of STIs\/RTIs and HIV\/AIDS in Mbeya district. The study recommend for collaborative effort between varied stakeholders in educating and giving supportive services to youths to improve their health and wellbeing.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 280-287\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6133<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Kibani L. H<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMbeya University of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Education\r\nP.O Box 131 Mbeya City, Tanzania\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mr Matem A. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMbeya University of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Education\r\nP.O Box 131 Mbeya City, Tanzania\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Mwangosi F<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMbeya University of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Education\r\nP.O Box 131 Mbeya City, Tanzania<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdul, R; Gerritsen, A.A.M; Mwangoma, N &amp; Geubbel, E. (2018). Prevalence on self-reported symptoms of sexually transmitted infections, knowledge and behavior.https:\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3138-1\r\n[2] G; Mbwana, J; Mhalu, F; Mmari, E; Majigo, M; Swai, A; Urassa, W and Sandstrom, E. (2016). Patterns of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and youths in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Doi: 10.1186\/1471-2334-6-22\r\n[3] Cheng, I. (2018). Sexuality education in Taiwan. Research Office Information Services: Division Legislative Council Secretariet. http:\/\/homepage.ntu.edu.tw\/ntuidrec\/file\/20180913\/4\r\n[4] Fenton, K.A; Johnson, A. M; McManus, S &amp; Erens, B. (2021). Measuring sexual behavior: Methodological challenges in survey research. Vol. 4, 77; 84-92. http:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/Nov. 6, 2021.\r\n[5] Gosselin, K; Roman, J &amp; Bunuan, R. (2010). The theory of \u2018Possible-selves\u2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tate.2010.02.005\r\n[6] Kristin, D.T; Rena, L; Claire, D; Brindis, D &amp; Philip, R. L. (2011). Improving the health of youth: A guide for state-level strategic planning and action. National Adolescent Health Information and Innovation Center, University of Califonia, San Francisco.\r\n[7] Madeni, F; Horiuchi, S &amp; Lida, M. (2011). Evaluation of reproductive health awareness program for adolescence in urban Tanzania-A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research. http:\/\/\/www.reproductive-health-journal.com\/content\/8\/1\/21\r\n[8] Ministry of health and social welfare, MHSOW, Tanzania (2018). National Guidelines for management of sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections\r\n[9] USAID (2010). Tanzania service delivery guidelines for cervical cancer prevention and control. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.\r\n[10] Wekesh, F.M; Nyakangi, V; Njagi, J &amp; Bangha, M. (2019). Comprehensive sexuality education in Sub-Saharan Africa. Forum for African Women Educationalists. African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC). Nairobi, Kenya.\r\n[11] World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). Global health-sector strategy on: Sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021. Towards ending STIs. Department of Reproductive Health and Research.\r\n[12] WHO\/UNAIDS (2021). Sexually transmitted diseases: Policies and principles for prevention and care.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Kibani L. H, Mr Matem A. &amp; Dr Mwangosi F, &#8220;Transmission and spread of STIs and RTIs among Youths\u2019 in Higher Learning Institutions and Neighbors Villages in Mbeya City, Tanzania&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.280-287 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6133<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/280-287.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/transmission-and-spread-of-stis-and-rtis-among-youths-in-higher-learning-institutions-and-neighbors-villages-in-mbeya-city-tanzania\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Transmission and spread of STIs and RTIs among Youths\u2019 in Higher Learning Institutions and Neighbors Villages in Mbeya City, Tanzania<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15aad2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c15aad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15abb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15abb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15ad59\" data-id=\"c15ad59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15ae8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15ae8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15af3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15af3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15b0a6\" data-id=\"c15b0a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15b1b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15b1b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15b25b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15b25b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15b3bc\" data-id=\"c15b3bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15b4d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15b4d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15b57b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15b57b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15b6d0\" data-id=\"c15b6d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15b7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15b7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15b887 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15b887\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15b9dc\" data-id=\"c15b9dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15baeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15baeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15bb89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15bb89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15bcdf\" data-id=\"c15bcdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15bde5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15bde5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15be85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15be85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15c004\" data-id=\"c15c004\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15c124 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c15c124\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Irene Olanma Onwuemeka, Uche Collins Nwogwugwu and Emmanuel Onwuka &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 288-298<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c15c1ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c15c1ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c15c356\" data-id=\"c15c356\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15d1f6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c15d1f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the relationship between government spending on economic infrastructure and economic growth in Nigeria from 1989 to 2018. Real gross domestic product was used to proxy economic growth and was specified as a function of government spending on transport and communication, government spending on power and employment rate (as a proxy for the classical theory of labour force).The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds method to co-integration was chosen to ascertain the impact and the long-run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The short-run and long-run results showed that government spending on power exerted a positive but insignificant effect on Nigeria\u2019s RGDP. However, government spending on transport and communication had a positive relationship in the short-run but negative relationship in the long-run. Furthermore, the Causality results showed a uni-directional causality running from RGDP to GEXP and EMP to GEXTC but there was no evidence to support the existence of causality between the remaining pairs of variable. It is recommended that in order for Nigeria to achieve infrastructure development success, it is important that the government redirect excessive revenue in the maintenance of government official to these pivotal sectors of the economy with a view to monitoring the implementation after disbursing funds to the affected ones to subsequently trigger economic growth.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 288-298\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6119<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Irene Olanma Onwuemeka<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Renaissance University Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uche Collins Nwogwugwu <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Renaissance University Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Onwuka<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Renaissance University Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abu, N. and Abdullahi, U. (2010). Government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria, 1970 \u2013 2008: A Disaggregated Analysis, Business and Economic Journal, (BEJ) 4(2),1-11.\r\n[2] Amadi, K., C and Alolote , I.A. (2020). Government expenditure on infrastructure as a driver for economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of International Business Researchand Marketing 5( 2), 20-26.\r\n[3] Amassoma, D., Nwosa, P., and Ajisafe, R. (2011). Components of government spending and economic growth in Nigeria: An Error Correction Modeling. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, IISTE 2(4), 17-19.\r\n[4] Arewa, A., and Nwakahma C. (2013). Macroeconomic variables and the dynamic effect of public expenditure: Long-term Trend Analysis in Nigeria. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology 3(6).\r\n[5] Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is Public Expenditure Productive? Journal of Monetary Economics 23(2), 177-220.\r\n[6] Charles, D., Onuchukwu, O., and Tamuno, S. (2018). Government expenditure on construction, transport and communication and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research 3(2).\r\n[7] Ebuh, G. W., Ezike, I. B., Shitile, T. S., Eboh, S. S. and Haruna, T. M. (2019). \u201cThe Infrastructure\u2013Growth Nexus in Nigeria: A Reassessment\u201d Journal of Infrastructure Development 11(1\u20132) 41\u201358.\r\n[8] Edame, G. E., Udude, C. C. and Ugwu, U. D. (2014). An analysis of public expenditure growth on infrastructure in Nigeria, 1970 \u2013 2006. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) 1(12), 18-36.\r\n[9] Fasoranti, M. M. (2012). The effect of government expenditure on infrastructure on the growth of Nigeria economy, 1977 -2009, International Journal of Economics Financial 4(2), 513 \u2013 518.\r\n[10] Furrukh, B., Hafeez, U. R. and Muhammad, Z. F. (2013). Social overhead capital and economic output in Pakistan: An ADRL Bound Testing Approach. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 7( 2), 181 \u2013 192.\r\n[11] Iheanacho, E. (2016). The contribution of government expenditure on economic growth of Nigeria Disaggregated Approach. International Journal of Economics &amp; Management Sciences, 5(5), 1-8.\r\n[12] Juma, C. (2006), Redesigning African Economies: The Role of Engineering International Development. The 2006 Hilton Lecture, Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K.\r\n[13] Moeketsi, A. (2017). The Relationship between road infrastructure investment and economic growth in South Africa. Published M.Sc Thesis submitted to the department of Economics, North West University, Mafikeng campus, South Africa.\r\n[14] Mayekiso, S. (2015). The impact of transport infrastructure investment on unemployment in South Africa. Published M.Sc Thesis submitted to the department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.\r\n[15] Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from co-integration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.\r\n[16] Nedozi, F. O., Obasanmi, J. O. and Ighata, J. A. (2014). Infrastructural development and economic growth in Nigeria: Using Simultaneous Equation. Journal of Economics,5(3),325-332.\r\n[17] Nworji, I. D and Oluwalaiye, O. B. (2012). Government spending on road infrastructure and Its impact on the growth of Nigerian economy. International Journal of Management and Business Studies (IJMBS) 2(2), 24 \u2013 30.\r\n[18] Ogbaro, B. E. O. and Omotoso, D. C. (2017). The impact of infrastructure development on economic growth in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Management Science, 6(1), 270 \u2013 275.\r\n[19] Orji, K. E., Worika, I. L. and Umofia, N. (2017). The Impact of infrastructure development on Nigera\u2019s industrial sector. African Research Review: An International Multi \u2013 disciplinary Journal, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 11(3), 23-30.\r\n[20] Osundina, C. K., Ebere, C. and Osundina, O. A. (2014). Disaggregated Government Spending on Infrastructure and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human \u2013 Social Science: Economics, 14 5.\r\n[21] Perkins, D. H., Radelet, S., Lindauer, D. L. and Block, S. A. (2013). Economics of development (7th ed.) NY: New York, W.W. Norton and Company.\r\n[22] Pesaran, M. H., and Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed modeling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[23] Pesaran, M. H., and Shin, Y., and Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.\r\n[24] Rostow, W.W. (1960). The Stages of Economic Growth: A won Communist manifesto. Cambridge University Press\r\n[25] Wainaina, M.C. (2012), Telecommunication infrastructure and economic growth: A Case of Sub-Saharan Africa (1988-2010), Ph.D Dissertation in department of Economics Kenyatta.\r\n[26] Waverman, L., Meloria, M. and Melvyn, F. (2005). The impact of telecommunication on economic growth in developing countries. Vodafone Policy paper series, 2, 10-24.\r\n[27] William, A. A. (2016). The impact of transportation infrastructure on Nigeria\u2019s economic development. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies, Walden University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Irene Olanma Onwuemeka*, Uche Collins Nwogwugwu and Emmanuel Onwuka &#8220;Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.288-298 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6119<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/288-298.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-infrastructure-investment-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria-an-autoregressive-distributed-lag-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c15f5b6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1618ce\" data-id=\"c1618ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c161a75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c161a75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c161b3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c161b3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1622f5\" data-id=\"c1622f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16244c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16244c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16250b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16250b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16923d\" data-id=\"c16923d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1693de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1693de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1694a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1694a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16961d\" data-id=\"c16961d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c169737 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c169737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1697dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1697dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c169933\" data-id=\"c169933\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c169a46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c169a46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c169e29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c169e29\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c169fa6\" data-id=\"c169fa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16a0b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16a0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relevance of African Indigenous Education in the Kenyan Society<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>John Kibwage Nyangaresi- January 2022- Page No.: 290-295<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16a15b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16a15b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16a323\" data-id=\"c16a323\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16a45e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c16a45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe article examined the relevance of African indigenous education in the Kenyan society. The paper emphasized on the relevance of African indigenous education\u2019s goals to the Kenyan Society, indigenous education\u2019s modes of transmission and its nature. The study employed descriptive research design. The target populations of this research were families living in urban areas among the Kenyan towns. The study used probability sampling (objective sampling) systematic method was employed where the respondents were randomly selected to participate in the research. The study findings ascertained that African indigenous education is relevant it terms of closely, socially linked to the people 38.71%, and focused to responding to social needs 32.26%, continuously generated from the people 22.58% and its holistic nature 6.45%. On relevance to its goals 45.16% sail it produced holistic persons, 32.26% it inspired attainment of knowledge. Similarly 32.26% confirmed its achievement of quality education. Relevancy in relation to its modes of transmission language was supported by 41.94%, followed by music 40% then proverbs and myths 20% and finally oral traditions at 15%.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 290-295\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Kibwage Nyangaresi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. BOX 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Achi, A. (2021). African Indigenious Education . Retrieved May 11, 2021, from Researchgate: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/357050398_African_Indigenous_Education\r\n[2] Bude, U. E. ( 1985.). Primary Schools, Local Community and Development in Africa. Baden-Baden: DSE.\r\n[3] Cameroon, J. a. ( 1970). .Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania 1919-1970. London: James Currey.\r\n[4] Crenier. (1998). Characteristics of Indigenious Education.\r\n[5] Dr Hamilton-Ekeke, J.-T. a. (2005). Relevaqncy of Indigeniuos Education. British Journal of Education, 32-39.\r\n[6] Duit, R. (1991). On the role of analogies and metaphors in learning science. Science Education, , 75(6), 649\u2013672.\r\n[7] Eziobu, C. (2019). Indigeneous Knowledge and Education in Africa. Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Springer.\r\n[8] Grenier, L. (1998). Working With Indigenous Knowledge: A Guide For Researchers. IDRC: Ottawa, Canada.\r\n[9] Hamilton-Ekeke, J.-T. a. (2015).\r\n[10] Hitchcock. (2018, July 21). StanFord Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 5, 2021, from https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/critical-thinking\/#EducMeth\r\n[11] ICDR. (1993.). \u201cThe role of culture and environment in curriculum development for primary education in Ethiopia\u201d. In:Culture and environment in primary education. Bonn:: ZED.\r\n[12] Mushi. ( 2009). African Indigenous education. Chicago: Adventure Works Press.\r\n[13] Nassiuma, D. ( 2000). Survey Sampling: Theory and Methods. Njoro- Kenya: Egerton University Press.\r\n[14] Omolewa, M. (2007). Traditional African Modes of Education: Their relevance in Modern World. International review of Education, 53(5\/6), 593-612.\r\n[15] Riedmiller, S. a. (1991). Primary School Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies and Practices. Germany: GTZ.: . Eschborn,.\r\n[16] Yonah, H. O. (2013). African indigenious Knowledge Systems and Relevance of Higher Education. The International educational Journal:Comparative perspectives, 30-40.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">John Kibwage Nyangaresi, &#8220;Relevance of African Indigenous Education in the Kenyan Society&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.290-295 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/290-295.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/290-295.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relevance-of-african-indigenous-education-in-the-kenyan-society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Relevance of African Indigenous Education in the Kenyan Society<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16b283 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c16b283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16b4cd\" data-id=\"c16b4cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16b5e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16b5e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16b691 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16b691\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16d6a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16d7fe\" data-id=\"c16d7fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16d909 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16d909\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16d9dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16d9dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16db42\" data-id=\"c16db42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16dc5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16dc5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16dcfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16dcfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16de49\" data-id=\"c16de49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16df50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16df50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16dff6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16dff6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16e197\" data-id=\"c16e197\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16e2ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16e2ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Review of Literature on Work \u2013 Life Balance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>W M I Udayanganie &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 296-299<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c16e34d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c16e34d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16e4d0\" data-id=\"c16e4d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16e61f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c16e61f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Work-life balance is an increasingly integral concern for both individuals and corporations. An individual has been attempting to achieve balance between his personal and professional lives for decades. At every stage, the organization plays a vital role in ensuring that they have all of the resources they required support them by putting in place innovative policies and initiatives that contribute to a happier life. Many scholars have been attempting to investigate the aspects that influence work-life balance for years\u2019 employees and employers are both subject to policies. The literature review on Work-Life Balance has been structured in light of its growing popularity, with the main goal of achieving societal prosperity and the realization of meaningful lifestyles for its employees by supporting each employee&#8217;s growth and the firms&#8217; continued development.Employee performance, employee satisfaction, employee commitment, work stress and employee retention were all discovered in the literature. Through a study of current literature, this report gave an overview of several facets of work-life balance. All these factors are globally accepted and common to any society of employees.In this Covid \u2013 19 pandemics the topic is well discussed in different specialize areas. Various journals, books, articles, doctorate theses, working papers, reports, periodicals, internet sites, newspapers, and other sources were referred to, and they were listed as references at the conclusion.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 296-299\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6120\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6120<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>W M I Udayanganie<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Oludayo, O.A., Gberevbie, D.E., Popoola, D. &amp;Omonijo, D.O. (2015). A study of multiple work-life balance initiatives in banking industry in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 109- 125.\r\n[2] Robbins, S. P. &amp; Coulter, M. (2012). Manajemen\/Management. Jakarta: Erlangga.\r\n[3] Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J., &amp; Gavin, J. (2003). Modelling the relationship between work-life balance and organizational outcomes. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology, 1-26. Crossref\r\n[4] Qodrizana, D. L., &amp; Al Musadieq, M. (2018). Pengaruh work-life balance terhadapkepuasankerja (Studipadakaryawanperempuanyayasaninsanpermatatunggulwulungkotamalang)\/ The effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction (study on female employees of the Insan PermataTunggulwulung Foundation, Malang City). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, Vol. 60(1), pp. 9-17.\r\n[5] Garg, P, Yajurvedi, N. (2016). Impact of work-life balance practices on employee\u2019s retention and organizational performance-a study on it industry. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Vol. 6(8), pp. 105-8.\r\n[6] Lewis, S. (2000) \u201cRestructuring workplace cultures: the ultimate work-family challenge?\u201d Women in Management Review, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 21-29.\r\n[7] Parasuraman, S. and Simmers, C.A. (2001), \u201cType of employment, work-family con\ufb02ict andwell-being: a comparative study\u201d, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 22, pp. 551-68.\r\n[8] Barrera, S. (2007). Work life balance: From rhetoric to reality. Retrieved October 19, 2019, from http:\/\/www.docep.wa.gov.au\/WorkSafe\/PDF\/Forums\/worklife_balance.pdf\r\n[9] Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., &amp; Shaw, J. D. (2002). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 63(2003), pp. 510-531. Elsevier Science (USA)\r\n[10] Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sune, A., &amp;Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 85, 361-373.\r\n[11] Helmle, J. R., Botero, I. C., &amp;Seibold, D. R. (2014). Factors that influence work-life balance in owners of copreneuralfirms.Journal of Family Business Management, 4(2), 110-132\r\n[12] Au, W. C. &amp; Ahmed, P.K. (2014). Sustainable people management through work-life balance: A study of the Malaysian Chinese context. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 6(3), 262-280.\r\n[13] Shaffer, M. A., Reiche, B. S., Dimitrova, M., Lazarova, M., Chen, S., Westman, M., &amp;Wurtz, O. (2016). Work and family role adjustment of different types of global professionals: Scale development and validation. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(2), 113-139.\r\n[14] Anwar, J., Hansu, S. A. F., &amp;Janjua, S. Y. (2013). Work-life balance: What should organisations do to create balance?World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(10), 1348-1354.\r\n[15] White,M., Hill,S.,et al(2003). High-performance\u2018ManagementPractices, Working Hours and Work\u2013Life Balance, British Journal of Industrial Relation, Vol.41(2), pp. 175\u2013195\r\n[16] Wright, P. M. and McMahan, G.C. (2011). Human resources and sustained competitive advantage: A resource-based perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5, 301\u2013326.\r\n[17] Boxall, P. Ang, H.S., and Bartram, T. (2011). Analysing the Black box of HRM: uncovering HR goals, mediators and outcomes in a standardized service environment. Journal of management studies, 1504 \u2013 1532\r\n[18] Siagian, S. (2002). Manajemensumberdayamanusia\/Human resource management. Jakarta: BumiAksara.\r\n[19] Kuswadi. (2005). Cara mengukurkepuasankaryawan\/ How to measure employee satisfaction. Jakarta: Alex Media Komputindo.\r\n[20] Fisher-McAuley, G., Stanton, J., Jolton, J., &amp; Gavin, J. (2003). Modelling the relationship between work-life balance and organizational outcomes. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology, 1-26. Cross ref\r\n[21] Robbins, S. P. &amp; Coulter, M. (2012). Manajemen\/Management. Jakarta: Erlangga.\r\n[22] Qodrizana, D. L., &amp; Al Musadieq, M. (2018). Pengaruh work-life balance terhadapkepuasankerja (Studipadakaryawanperempuanyayasaninsanpermatatunggulwulungkotamalang)\/ The effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction (study on female employees of the InsanPermataTunggulwulung Foundation, Malang City). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, Vol. 60(1), pp. 9-17.\r\n[23] Oludayo, O.A., Gberevbie, D.E., Popoola, D. &amp;Omonijo, D.O. (2015). A study of multiple work-life balance initiatives in banking industry in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 109-125.\r\n[24] Aldwin, C. M. (2007). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective (2nd Ed). New York: Guilford Press.\r\n[25] Fuenzalida, C. (2007). Effect of Workload History on Task Performance. Human Factor: The Journal of The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 49 (2), 277-291.\r\n[26] Erkutlu, H. V., &amp;Chafra, J. (2006). Relationship Between Leadership Power Bases and Job Stress of Subordinates: Example from Boutique Hotels. Management Research News , 29 (5), 285-297\r\n[27] Safaria, T., Ahmad, &amp;Nubli, M. (2011). Role Ambiguity, Role Conflict, The Role of Job Insecurity as Mediator Toward Job Stress Among Malay Academic Staff: A SEM Analysis. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3 (3), 229-235.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">W M I Udayanganie, &#8220;Review of Literature on Work \u2013 Life Balance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.296-299 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6120<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/296-299.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/review-of-literature-on-work-life-balance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Review of Literature on Work \u2013 Life Balance<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17bd37 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c17bd37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c17c8d9\" data-id=\"c17c8d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17c9df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c17c9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c17ca80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c17ca80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c17cbdf\" data-id=\"c17cbdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17ccec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c17ccec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c17cd8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c17cd8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c17cf26\" data-id=\"c17cf26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17d049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c17d049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c17d0ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c17d0ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c17d25f\" data-id=\"c17d25f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17d399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c17d399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Next Normal Impact on Organizational Dynamics by Telecommuting Practices in Information Technology Industry of Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Ayodya S. R. Dahanayake &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 300-303<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c17d444 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c17d444\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c17d5cf\" data-id=\"c17d5cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17d6f8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c17d6f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The information technology sector is the fourth largest export earner of Sri Lanka. The output of ICT services are highly important for the economic stability of the country. The ICT sector currently services over 300 companies in different industry verticals. The export revenue of the industry was increased since 2007, USD 213 million to USD 1089 million in 2019. The ICT sector s created more than 150,000 employment opportunities in 2020, which is expected to increase over 200,000 employment opportunities by 2022. With the Covid 19 pandemic, the IT infrastructure requirements were increased island wide in all sectors. The pandemic has become an eye opener for many industries and new strategic imperatives were implemented. The pandemic encouraged most of the industries to trial telecommuting strategy and the majority of the companies moved to the remote working concept. Especially in the IT sector telecommuting has become new normal after the first wave of the corona pandemic in Sri Lanka. Most likely, most IT organizations will stick to giving their employees the opportunity of remote work even if the pandemic is over. However, there could be gaps in telecommuting practices and the productivity of employees by remote work is still questionable. This paper provides an opportunity to have a basic understanding on the gaps of the telecommuting practices and how they could affect the employee productivity. The reviews from different papers and articles on telecommuting practices at the global level and in the Sri Lankan context are also included in this study The literature review emphasize the empirical discussions related to the IT sector both internationally and locally about the challenges and the suggestions which other researchers made. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the overall reviews and by making suggestions to overcome the situation in the long run, and also highlighting the further research areas related to the topic.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 300-303\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodya S. R. Dahanayake<\/strong>\r\nDoctoral Student of Business Administration, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Almuth McDowall, M. N. (2010). UK managers&#8217; conceptions of employee training and development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(7), 601.\r\n[2] Bandura. (2006.). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York.\r\n[3] Battiston, D. B. (2017). &#8220;Is Distance Dead? Face-to-face communication and productivity in teams&#8221;. CEPR Discussion Paper.\r\n[4] Beckmann, M. (2016). Self managed working time and firm performance: Micro econometric evidence. Center of Business and Economics.\r\n[5] Bloom, N. e. (2015). \u201cDoes Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment\u201d. The Quaterly Journal of Economics, 122(4), 1351-1408.\r\n[6] Bohns, V. (2017). A face to face request is 34 times more successful than Email. Harvard Busines Review.\r\n[7] Bonet, R. &amp;. (2017). \u201cWhen the boss is away: Manager-worker separation and worker performance in a multisite software maintenance organization\u201d. Organization Science, 28\/2, 244-261.\r\n[8] Butakhieo, L. V. (2020). The impact of working from home during COVID-19 on work and life domains: an exploratory study on Hong Kong. Policy design and practice.\r\n[9] Collins, J. &amp;. (2009). \u201cThe Benefits and Limitations of Telecommuting.\u201d . Defense AR Journal, 16(1), 55-66.\r\n[10] Dias, N. R., &amp; Eliatamby, N. (2020, 11 1). www.themorning.lk. Retrieved from www.themorning.lk: https:\/\/www.themorning.lk\/is-sri-lanka-better-prepared-to-work-from-home\/\r\n[11] Donadio, R. (2020). The Coming Setback for Women in the Workplace. The Atlantic.\r\n[12] Etheridge, B., Tang, L., &amp; Wang, Y. (2020). Worker productivity during lockdown and working from home: Evidence from self reports. CEPR PRESS, 118-141.\r\n[13] Eurofound and ILO. (2017). Working anytime, anywhere: The effects on the world of work. Retrieved March 04, 2021, from https:\/\/www.eurofound.europa.eu\/publications\/report\/2017\/working-anytime-anywhere-the-effects-on-the-world-of-work\r\n[14] Financial Times. (2020). Coronavirus may create lasting workplace change. Retrieved March 04, 2021\r\n[15] Godart, O. G. (2017). \u201cTrust-Based Work Time and Innovation: Evidence from Firm-Level Data\u201d. ILR Review, 70(4), 894-918.\r\n[16] Gorlick, A. (2020). The productivity pitfalls of working from home in the age of COVID-19. Stanford news.\r\n[17] Iedeals J &amp; Montellas M. (2017). The effective growth objectives of Business Models . The National Business Systems Journal of UK , 42(2017), 32 &#8211; 52.\r\n[18] Lister, K. a. (2019). &#8220;Telework and its effects in the United States&#8221;. Edward Elger Publishing Inc., 128-170.\r\n[19] Lupu, V. (2017). Teleworking and its benefits on work-life balance. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences, 693.\r\n[20] Lupu, V. (2017). Teleworking and its benefits on work-life balance. International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences, 693.\r\n[21] Messenger, J. C. (2019). Telework in the 21st Century, An Evolutionary Perspective. ILO future work series.\r\n[22] Minsela W. (2018). The evolution of mobile banking in related to furture banking concepts . The success factors of the digitalization and furture markets, 24(2018), 26 -29.\r\n[23] Morikawa, M. (2021, 03 16). How does working from home impact productivity? Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2021\/03\/study-how-does-working-from-home-help-productivity\/#:~:text=The%20average%20productivity%20of%20employees,people%20to%20work%20from%20home.\r\n[24] Ozimek. (2020). The Future of Remote Work. Upwork.\r\n[25] Sardeshmukh, S. R. (2012). Impact of Telework on Exhaustion and Job Engagement: A Job Demands and Job Resources Model. New Technology Work and Employment, 27(3).\r\n[26] Spataro, J. (2020). Key findings about remote work: lessons from our colleagues in China. Microsoft.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Ayodya S. R. Dahanayake &#8220;The Next Normal Impact on Organizational Dynamics by Telecommuting Practices in Information Technology Industry of Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.300-303 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/300-303.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/300-303.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-next-normal-impact-on-organizational-dynamics-by-telecommuting-practices-in-information-technology-industry-of-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Next Normal Impact on Organizational Dynamics by Telecommuting Practices in Information Technology Industry of Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c184e41 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c184e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c184f29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c184f29\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1850d5\" data-id=\"c1850d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c185a20\" data-id=\"c185a20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c185b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c185b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c185bcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c185bcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c185d18\" data-id=\"c185d18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c185e1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c185e1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c185ebc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c185ebc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c18602f\" data-id=\"c18602f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c186169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c186169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c186210 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c186210\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c18637b\" data-id=\"c18637b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c18649c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c18649c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Financial Management, Project Monitoring and Evaluation and Sustainability of Youth Income Generating Projects in Kiambu County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nyaga G. Juster- January 2022- Page No.: 304-311<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c18653a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c18653a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1866c3\" data-id=\"c1866c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c186805 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c186805\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nFor Kenya to change from middle to a developed economy, sustainable income generating projects have to be embraced. Sustainability of income generating projects has attracted support from various players in terms of educating community on techniques for financial management and tools for project monitoring and evaluation. However, majority of the income generating projects have been collapsing two years after implementation and others to not produce the expected impact to the youth, hence a need to carry out a study to determine the influence of financial management and monitoring and evaluation on project sustainability. The study was based on contingency theory to inform the relationship which exist in proper management of the projects in terms of financial and monitoring and evaluation to ensure sustainable operations. Since the population was small, all the forty-three active youth income generating projects operating in Kiambu County were targeted. For validity and reliability five youth income generating projects in Murang\u2019a County were used for pilot testing. The questionnaire which was sent via emails to the respondents and which contained semi-structured questions were used to collect primary data. Data were normally distributed with Shapiro-Wilk test which gave significant values greater than 0.5 and VIF of less than 10 indicated lack of multicollinearity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics mainly mean and standard deviation and the relationship was determined using multiple regression model. The study will be of beneficial to youth income generating groups\u2019 leaders, County government funding departments and donors by enhancing knowledge on how to bridge the gaps related to financial management and monitoring and evaluation. The study found that financial management and Monitoring and evaluation have a positive effect on the sustainability of youth income generating projects in Kiambu County. The study recommended that the National and County Government agencies involved in youth empowerment should provide the youth groups with comprehensive, quality and convenient training on financial management and on project monitoring and evaluation of projects to ensure sustainable income generating projects. Frequency of monitoring and evaluation should be enhanced so as to seek feedback and arrest any problem which may lead to project failure.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 304-311\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyaga G. Juster<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Management University of Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alexia, F. (2006). Taking a Fresh Look at Informal Finance. Informal Finance in low-income countries, Boulder: Westview Press\r\n[2] Clarke, F. and Oswald, J. (2017). Sustainability of rural water supply. A paper presented at the 21st WEDC Conference, Kampala Uganda.\r\n[3] Cooper, D., and Schindler, P. (2011). Business Research Methods (8th Edition). McGraw-Hill. New York.\r\n[4] Gitonga, B. (2013). Project Monitoring and evaluation, Control and Reporting: Community Development Approach. Project support Information consultants Publications, Revised edition, Nairobi.\r\n[5] IFAD (2017). IFAD\u2019s Approach to Sustainability. IFAD (2017b) IFAD Strategic Framework 2017-2019. Rome, Italy.\r\n[6] IFAD (2012). IFAD\u2019s Approach to Sustainability: Strategic Framework 2007-2010. Rome. Rome, Italy.\r\n[7] Kinyua, B. (2013). Influence of Management Practices on Sustainability of Youth Income Generating Projects in Kangema District, Murang\u2019a County, Kenya. Journal of Education and Research Vol. 3 No. 2 February 2013.\r\n[8] Kiogora, M.K (2009). Financial Records for Sustainability of Projects. University of Nairobi Press.\r\n[9] Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology: methods and techniques, (2nded.). New Delhi. New Age International (P) Limited.\r\n[10] Landale, R. (2016). Training for Project Sustainability, Eton Press University of Bristol.\r\n[11] Mark, M. M., Henry, G. T. and Julnes, G. (2000). Evaluation: An Integrated Framework for Understanding, Guiding, and Improving Policies and Programmes. Jossey-Bass, Inc., San Francisco.\r\n[12] Mark, L. and Julnes, P. (2019). Financial Vulnerability among Arts Organizations: A Test of the Tuckman-Chang Measures. \u2018Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 30(2), New Orleans, LA.\r\n[13] Massie, J. L. (2010). Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi. University of Kentucky.\r\n[14] Madison, N. (2009). What is financial planning? Retrieved: February 27th 2020 at 11.07am from http:\/\/www.wisegeek.com\/ what- is \u2013financial- planning. Html.\r\n[15] Mrosek,T., Balsillie, D., Schleifenbaum, P. (2016). Field testing of a Criteria and Indicators System for Sustainable Forest Management at the Local Level: Case Study Results Concerning the Sustainability of the Private forest Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve in Ontario, Canada. Forest Policy and Economics, 8, 593-609.\r\n[16] Mutimba, S. (2013). Determinants of Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects: The Case of Selected Projects in Ganze Constituency in Kilifi County, Kenya. Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi.\r\n[17] Norton B. G. (2010). Sustainability: A philosophy of adaptive ecosystem Management. Chicago: University.\r\n[18] Nthenge, F. (2014). Factors influencing sustainability of donor funded projects: A Case of Wenje water project Tana River County, Kenya. Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi\r\n[19] Sagwe, J., Gicharu, F. and Mahea, J., (2015). Influence of management practices on sustainability of youth income generating projects in Soy Sub County, Uasin Gishu County Kenya. Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi\r\n[20] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2011). Training for Project Development and Sustainability, Australia Press. OECD.\r\n[21] Okwach, M. (2015). Management practices and their role on sustainability of income generating projects in Kilifi County, Kenya. Unpublished Thesis, University of Nairobi\r\n[22] TANGO International (2008). IFAD \u2013 Design framework and supporting programmes On Sustainability, Desk review. Tucson, AR.\r\n[23] Tucson, AR. Tembo, F. (2010). Participation, Negotiation and Poverty. Encountering the Power of Images. England. Ashgate.\r\n[24] United nation (2018). Unlocking the human Potential for Public Sector Performance, world Public Sector Report, 2018.\r\n[25] World Bank (2013). Financial Management. Retrieved: Jan 12, 2015 at 3.00 p.m. fromhttp:\/\/web.worldbank.org.\r\n[26] World Bank. (2015). Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluation for Biodiversity Projects, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nyaga G. Juster, &#8220;Financial Management, Project Monitoring and Evaluation and Sustainability of Youth Income Generating Projects in Kiambu County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.304-311 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/304-311.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/304-311.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/financial-management-project-monitoring-and-evaluation-and-sustainability-of-youth-income-generating-projects-in-kiambu-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Financial Management, Project Monitoring and Evaluation and Sustainability of Youth Income Generating Projects in Kiambu County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c19288a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c19288a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c192f6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c192f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c19300f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c19300f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c193159\" data-id=\"c193159\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1932bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1932bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c193386 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c193386\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c193506\" data-id=\"c193506\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c193629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c193629\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1936cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1936cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c193823\" data-id=\"c193823\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c19392c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c19392c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1939cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1939cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c193b21\" data-id=\"c193b21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c193c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c193c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c193cc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c193cc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c193e31\" data-id=\"c193e31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c193f52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c193f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adolescents&#8217; Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lurambi Sub-County, Kakamega, Kenya: The Impact of Prior Knowledge<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ooko, S, Okoth, A.W, Kariaga, M. G, Namazzi, E, Barasa, Achoka, J.S.K, Opiyo. A., Elizabeth Omukunda, Njeru, F., Dipondo, J. and Ursula Samoei- January 2022- Page No.: 312-322<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c193ff1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c193ff1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c194177\" data-id=\"c194177\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1942ac elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1942ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as persons between the age of 10 and 19 years, a majority fitting the age-based definition of a &#8220;child&#8221; by the Convention on the Child&#8217;s Rights. Adolescents go through significant physical, physiological, and psychosocial changes from childhood to adulthood during this period. There are indications that during the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents experienced a myriad of challenges as reported by various forms of media. These challenges included teenage pregnancies\/ motherhood and early marriages amongst girls, drug and substance abuse, and other social deviancies that came with devastating consequences, notably a surge in school dropout, which shuttered their dreams for a better future. During the outreach activities by the African Women in Science and Engineering (AWSE), MMUST chapter, a gap for research in the realm of Sexual and Reproductive Health of adolescents was established, necessitating this study. The objective guided the study: To establish the adolescents&#8217; prior Knowledge on Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) and how this Knowledge shaped their behavior in the wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The study adopted a Mixed Methods Research (MMR) approach, drawing on the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative paradigms.\r\nA total of 340 adolescents formed the study sample, and the sampling techniques employed were multi-stage, purposive, stratified, and simple random sampling. The data collection tools included questionnaires, interviews schedules, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data was collected on the ASRH knowledge base and their behavior within the period of the Covid-19 Pandemic. This was done conscious of the various demographic parameters that are likely to influence adolescents&#8217; knowledge and behavior, such as parents&#8217; level of education and occupation; Faith of the family, and the gender of the adolescent, among others. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS version 20. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and used in triangulating quantitative findings. Results showed that 90% of adolescents had Knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, an indication that there was a10% knowledge gap. Significant differences were recorded across gender (Chi=4.715, p=0.030); age (Chi=8.775, p=0.012); religion (Chi=10.204, p=0.017) and education level (Chi=14.338, p=0.008), among others. Results further showed that Knowledge on ASRH had a positive impact on adolescents&#8217; behavior as a smaller proportion (34.3%) of those with the Knowledge engaged in sexual relationships, compared to 42.9% of those without the Knowledge. Whereas they had Knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, it was evident that this did not translate to better behavior as manifested in a surge in unsafe abortions, failure to embrace contraception, and inability to seek appropriate medical care. In this vain, the study recommends empowerment of youth through developing education programs that focus on the needs of adolescent sexual reproductive health and development and implementation of appropriate regulatory frameworks and policies to mitigate the risks and challenges adolescents encounter.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 312-322\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6121<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ooko, S <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPrinciple Investigator, Senior Lecturer In Chemist at Masinde Muliro University Faculty of Pure Science\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okoth, A.W <\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer In Mathematics at Masinde Muliro University Faculty of Pure Science Department\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kariaga, M. G <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer In-Plant diseases at Masinde Muliro University Faculty of Agriculture and veterinary science and technology department of agriculture and land use management.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Namazzi, E <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barasa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Achoka, J.S.K <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Opiyo. A.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elizabeth Omukunda <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Njeru, F. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dipondo, J. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ursula Samoei <\/strong><\/span>\r\nMasinde Muliro University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Bouma, G. D. (2016). The role of demographic and socio-cultural factors in Australia&#8217;s successful multicultural society: How Australia is not Europe. Journal of Sociology, 52(4), 759-771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1440783315584210.\r\n[2] Czyz, E. K., Horwitz, A. G., &amp; King, C. A. (2016). Self\u2010rated expectations of suicidal behavior predict future suicide attempts among adolescent and young adult psychiatric emergency patients. Depression and anxiety, 33(6), 512-519.\r\n[3] Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., &amp; Smailes, E. M. (1999). Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1490-1496.\r\n[4] Coronavirus disease, (2019) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS CoV 2) is the virus that causes COVID-19.https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2\r\n[5] Kiptoo-Tarus, P. (2020). Teenage pregnancy: A psychosocial burden on girlchild education in Kenya. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 1(2), 64-76.\r\n[6] Geerts, R. D. (2021). Pregnancy care: a burden or a gift? The adherence to maternal health care of adolescent girls in Kenya, before and during the COVID-19 outbreak (Master&#8217;s thesis).\r\n[7] Varga, C. A. (2003). How gender roles influence sexual and reproductive health among South African adolescents. Studies in family planning, 34(3), 160-172.\r\n[8] Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press.\r\n[9] VanderStel, A. (2014). &#8220;The impact of demographics in education.&#8221;\r\n[10] Hedayat, A., &amp; Sinha, B. K. (1991). Design and inference in finite population sampling. Wiley. https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/works\/OL454474W\/Design_and_inference_in_finite_population_sampling\r\n[11] Jaguga, F., &amp; Kwobah, E. (2020). Mental health response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: a review. International journal of mental health systems, 14(1), 1-6\r\n[12] Ngwacho, A. G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic impact on Kenyan education sector: Learner challenges and mitigations. Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 4(2), 128-139.\r\n[13] Karp, C., Moreau, C., Sheehy, G., Anjur-Dietrich, S., Mbushi, F., Muluve, E., &#8230; &amp; Austrian, K. (2021). Youth Relationships in the Era of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(5), 754-761\r\n[14] Addae, E. A. (2020). COVID\u201019 pandemic and adolescent health and well\u2010being in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: Who cares?. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.\r\n[15] Meherali, S., Adewale, B., Ali, S., Kennedy, M., Salami, B. O., Richter, S., &#8230; &amp; Lassi, Z. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescents&#8217; Sexual and Reproductive Health in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13221\r\n[16] Doyle, A. M., Mavedzenge, S. N., Plummer, M. L., &amp; Ross, D. A. (2012). The sexual behavior of adolescents in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: patterns and trends from national surveys. Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health, 17(7), 796-807.\r\n[17] World Health Organization. (2006). Orientation programme on adolescent health for health care providers.\r\n[18] World Health Organization. (2015). Core competencies in adolescent health and development for primary care providers: including a tool to assess the adolescent health and development component in pre-service education of healthcare providers. World Health Organization.\r\n[19] Munro, E. R., Pinkerton, J., Mendes, P., Hyde-Dryden, G., Herczog, M., &amp; Benbenishty, R. (2011). The contribution of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child to understanding and promoting the interests of young people making the transition from care to adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), 2417-2423.\r\n[20] Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS., UNICEF., World Health Organization, &amp; United Nations Population Fund. (2009). Children and AIDS: Fourth Stocktaking Report, 2009. UNICEF.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ooko, S, Okoth, A.W, Kariaga, M. G, Namazzi, E, Barasa, Achoka, J.S.K, Opiyo. A., Elizabeth Omukunda, Njeru, F., Dipondo, J. and Ursula Samoei, &#8220;Adolescents&#8217; Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lurambi Sub-County, Kakamega, Kenya: The Impact of Prior Knowledge&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.312-322 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6121<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/312-322.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adolescents-sexual-and-reproductive-health-behavior-amidst-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-lurambi-sub-county-kakamega-kenya-the-impact-of-prior-knowledge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Adolescents&#8217; Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lurambi Sub-County, Kakamega, Kenya: The Impact of Prior Knowledge<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c195352 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c195352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c195426 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c195426\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1955b7\" data-id=\"c1955b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1956e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1956e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c195784 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c195784\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1958dc\" data-id=\"c1958dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c195a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c195a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c195ace elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c195ace\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c195c42\" data-id=\"c195c42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c195d63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c195d63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c195e0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c195e0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c195f74\" data-id=\"c195f74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c19609c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c19609c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c196150 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c196150\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1962ab\" data-id=\"c1962ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1963b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1963b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c196458 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c196458\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1965a7\" data-id=\"c1965a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1966bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1966bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c19675a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c19675a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1968cf\" data-id=\"c1968cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1969e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1969e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Peer Pressure and Parenting Styles on Criminal Thinking among Secondary School Students in AMAC<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>AMBROSE, Irene Ugochinyere, BAHIJJA, Tanko Kasim &amp; AJAYI, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah- January 2022- Page No.: 323-331<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c196a83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c196a83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c196c0c\" data-id=\"c196c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c196d49 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c196d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study examined influence of peer pressure and parenting style on criminal thinking among secondary school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC). Using a cross-sectional survey design, 350 secondary school students in AMAC were systematically sampled as participants across Government Secondary School Gwarimpa Life Camp and Government Secondary School Jabi, (AMAC). Peer Pressure and Popularity Scale, Parental Care Scale (PCS) and Criminal Thinking Scale were used for data collection. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using Simple Linear Regression and multiple linear regressions. Findings of the study revealed that peer pressure had significant influence on criminal thinking (R= .325, R2= .106, F (1,348) =41.200, P&lt;.01) among secondary school students in AMAC. Result further reviewed that parenting style had significant influence on criminal thinking (R= .329, R2= .108, F (3,346) =14.032, P&lt;.01) among secondary school students in AMAC. The result further revealed that permissive parenting style (\u03b2=.307, P&lt;.01) had the most significant independent influence on criminal thinking followed by authoritarian parenting (\u03b2=.215, P&lt;.01) while authoritative parenting (\u03b2=-.069, P&gt;.01) had no significant independent influence on criminal thinking among secondary school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council AMAC. Finally, it was revealed that, there was significant joint influence of peer pressure and parenting styles on criminal thinking (R=.496, R2=.246, F (4,345) =28.127, P&lt;.01) among secondary school students in Abuja Municipal Area Council. The researcher concluded that peer pressure and parenting styles independently and jointly influence criminal thinking among secondary school students in AMAC. The researcher therefore recommended that effort should be made by the school authority to encourage and educate students to understand people they interact with so that they will not be pressured by bad friends to think or indulge in criminal acts. Parents should be made to understand and maintain the styles they bring their children up that will help in relating with their children so as to free them from been criminally-minded.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 323-331\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AMBROSE, Irene Ugochinyere <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>BAHIJJA, Tanko Kasim <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, Federal University, Lafia, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AJAYI, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBrains Specialist Hospital, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Ahigren, A. 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(2013). \u2018Predictors and Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency\u2019, In Nigerian South-South. Journal of Social Studies and Civic Education, Vol. 8(7). Pp 243-255.\r\n[29] Ogbebor, G. G. (2012). \u2018Youth Violence in Contemporary Nigerian Society: A Psychological Approach\u2019. In Journal of the Nigerian Sociological Society, Vol 2, 53-59.\r\n[30] Okorodudu, G.N. (2010). Influence of parenting styles on adolescent delinquency in Delta Central Senatorial District Abraka. Publication of institute of education, Delta state.\r\n[31] Santor, D.A., Messervey, D., &amp;Kusumakar, V. (2020): Measuring Peer Pressure, Popularity, and Conformity in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Predicting School Performance, Sexual Attitudes, and Substance Abuse. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.\r\n[32] Szapocznik, J. &amp; Brown, B. (2015). The Extent and Effects of Peer Pressure among High School Students: A Retrospective Analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescents.121-123.\r\n[33] Ukoji, V. N. (2006); A Study of Crime Reporting in Nigeria\r\n[34] Walters, G. D. (1990). The criminal lifestyle: Patterns of serious criminal conduct. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.\r\n[35] Yochelson, S. &amp;Samenow, S.E. (1976). The criminal personality, volume I: A profile for change. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson, Inc.\r\n[36] Yochelson, S. &amp;Samenow, S.E. (1977). The criminal personality, volume II: The change process. New York: Jason Aronson.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">AMBROSE, Irene Ugochinyere, BAHIJJA, Tanko Kasim &amp; AJAYI, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah, &#8220;Influence of Peer Pressure and Parenting Styles on Criminal Thinking among Secondary School Students in AMAC&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.323-331 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/323-331.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-peer-pressure-and-parenting-styles-on-criminal-thinking-among-secondary-school-students-in-amac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Peer Pressure and Parenting Styles on Criminal Thinking among Secondary School Students in AMAC<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c197e4a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c197e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c197f1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c197f1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a13e6\" data-id=\"c1a13e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a174c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a174c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a183d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a183d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a1b2e\" data-id=\"c1a1b2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a1d84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a1d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a1e4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a1e4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a20c3\" data-id=\"c1a20c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a22cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a22cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2383 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a2383\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a24f5\" data-id=\"c1a24f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a261f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a261f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a26c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a26c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2819\" data-id=\"c1a2819\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a2936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a29d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a29d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2b24\" data-id=\"c1a2b24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a2c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2d32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a2d32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2eac\" data-id=\"c1a2eac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a2fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a2fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Accountability during the Incorporation of Public and Private Limited Companies under Ohada Law<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Merinda Afanui Sama &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 332-337<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a306c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a306c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a31f9\" data-id=\"c1a31f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a3327 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1a3327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis work sets out to evaluate the OHADA Uniform Act\u2019s laws on accountability in Private and Public Limited Companies. Normally, laws which provide for effective\r\naccountability, guarantee the smooth functioning and stability of companies since its rules work at averting all forms of mismanagements. The inspiration of this work stems from the realization that, levels of accountability in these companies are still wanting. Hitherto, companies are plagued with vices of obscured activities, fake transactions, non-transparent reporting and acute dishonesty by its organs. It is therefore baffling that, these are still prevalent despite the existence of the Uniform Act\u2019s laws which contains accountability mechanism aimed at dispelling all these forms of corporate transgressions. From this arose lingering doubts as to how these laws are.\r\nThis leads one to the assumption that, these laws are not efficacious in guaranteeing the effectiveness of this aspect of corporate governance. What then are these techniques and how effective are they? This work highlights and analyses these mechanisms and evaluates the extent of their efficacy. We therefore propose that, these mechanisms be reviewed and amended to be more authoritative, unequivocal, specific, realistic and punitive such that, they will ensure better levels of rendering accountability. In consequence, these companies shall flourish, achieve their desired objectives, experience maximum productivity and generate more profit.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 332-337\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Merinda Afanui Sama <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D. in English Law 5847\r\nUniversity of Bamenda, HTTTC Bambili\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Dickson, BRICE., (1994), \u2018\u2019Introduction to French Law,\u2019\u2019 London, Pitman, p.177.\r\n[2] BorisMARTOR., et al, (2002), \u2018\u2019Business Law in Africa: OHADA and the Harmonization process\u2019\u2019, London, Eversheds, Kogan page LTD.\r\n[3] Ekome, E., (2017), \u201cCompany law\u201d, first semester lecture notes, FSMS, University ofBuea.\r\n[4] NatalyaMOSUNOVA, (2014) \u2018\u2019 the content of accountability in corporate Governance\u2019\u2019, Russian law Reform, Vol. 2 University of East Anglia, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/28160660, Accessed on the 5th of August 2021\r\n[5] Oumar SAMBE et Mamadou Ibra Diallo, (1998), \u2018\u2019Guide pratique des societes Commerciales et Groupement d\u2019Interet Economique (GIE) OHADA\u2019\u2019 Dakar Editions Comptables et Juridiques.\r\n[6] Rose, F., (2009), Nutshells, Company Law, 7th Ed., London, Sweet and Maxwell\r\n[7] Tabe Tabe, S., (2018), Understanding OHADA Company Law in Cameroon, 1st Ed, Bamenda,\r\nUltranet,\r\n[8] Modi Koko, D., (2018) \u201cCompany Law\u201d, first semester lecture notes, FSJP, University of\r\nDschang\r\n[9] Martor, B. et al., (2002), Business Law in Africa, OHADA and the Harmonisation Process,\r\n1st Ed, London, Eversheds, 356 Pages\r\n[10] Nah Thomas, F., (2020), \u201cCorporate Criminal Responsibility\u201d first semester lecture notes,\r\nFSJP, University of Dschang.\r\n[11] Cozam, M Viandier. A et Deboissey F.I., (1999), Droit des Societes, 12th Ed., Paris, Litec,\r\n\r\nLOCAL STATUTES\r\n[1] Law No. 2017\/11 of 12 July 2017 to Lay down the Genera Rules and Regulations Governing public corporations.\r\n[2] Law No. 96\/06 of 18 January 1996 amending the Constitution of 2nd June 1972 revised by\r\nLaw No. 2008\/001 of 14 April 2008.\r\n[3] Law No. 99\/16 of 22nd December 1999 as amended by Law No. 2017\/011 of 12 July 2017\r\nlaying down general rules governing Public establishments and para-public companies.\r\n[4] Ordinance No. 81\/02 of 29th June 1981 relating to the Civil Status Registration Ordinance.\r\n[5] Uniform Act on General Commercial Law adopted in 1998 and revised on 15th December\r\n2010\r\n[6] Decree No 67-236 of 23rd March 1967 on Commercial Companies\r\nREGIONAL STATUTES\r\n[1] Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups adopted on 17th\r\nApril 1997, revised on 30th January 2014.\r\nARTICLE\r\n[1] (Article 13 of the UACCEIG) adopted on January 3rd, 2014.\r\n[2] Njeufack R, T., (2006), \u2018\u2018La R\u00e8gle de la majorit\u00e9 en droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s commerciales\r\nOHADA\u2019\u2019, Annales de la facult\u00e9 de Science Juridique et Politique, Universite de Dschang,\r\nTome.\r\n[3] Nah Thomas, F., (2020), \u201cCorporate Criminal Responsibility\u201d first semester lecture notes,\r\nFSJP, University of Dschang.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Merinda Afanui Sama , &#8220;Accountability during the Incorporation of Public and Private Limited Companies under Ohada Law&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.332-337 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/332-337.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/332-337.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/accountability-during-the-incorporation-of-public-and-private-limited-companies-under-ohada-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Accountability during the Incorporation of Public and Private Limited Companies under Ohada 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a7818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a78b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a78b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7a36\" data-id=\"c1a7a36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a7b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Parenting Styles as Correlates of In-School Adolescents\u2019 Sexual Behaviour in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States of Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Catherine Katanyi Oshie &amp; Prof. Happiness, Ihuoma Igbo &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 338-345<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7c16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1a7c16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7da9\" data-id=\"c1a7da9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a7eeb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1a7eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and in-school adolescents\u2019 sexual behavior in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States of Nigeria. The study looked at the prevalent sexual behaviors among in-school adolescents, the relationship between authoritative parenting style, permissive parenting style, and in-school adolescents\u2019 sexual behaviors. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study, and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlation research design. The population for the study comprises all 68 226 senior secondary school students (SS1 to SS3) in the 722 public secondary schools in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States of Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 385 students who were selected using proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled \u201cParenting Styles and Adolescents\u2019 Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire (PSASBQ). Three experts validated the questionnaire, and its reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, which yielded a coefficient of 0.79. Data collected for the study were analyzed using Means, Standard Deviation, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings of the study revealed that the prevalent sexual behaviors among in-school adolescents in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States include: watching videos\/movies, magazines, and pictures of naked men and women, kissing, having oral and sexual intercourse with the opposite gender, and stimulating self-genital organ for sexual pleasure. The findings also revealed that authoritative parenting style had no significant relationship with in-school adolescents\u2019 sexual behaviors. Further, it was revealed that permissive parenting style was significantly related to in-school adolescents\u2019 sexual behaviors. The study concluded that adoption of a parenting style like that of authoritative could lower in-school adolescents\u2019 involvement in sexual behaviors. At the same time, permissive make in-school adolescents vulnerable to sexual behaviors that can ruin their lives. The study recommended that Counsellors establish centers for \u201cParenting Therapy\u201d where parents will be acquainted with tools needed to function optimally within their family unit and bring up their children in such a manner that discourages early involvement in sexual behaviors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 338-345\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Catherine Katanyi Oshie<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPsychology Department, Federal Colleges of Education, Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Happiness, Ihuoma Igbo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPsychology Department, Federal Colleges of Education, Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abu, P. B., &amp; Akerele, E. O. (2016). Parental influence on adolescents\u2019 sexual behaviour in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of African-American Studies, 5(1), 41-56.\r\n[2] Adesegun, O. F. &amp; Blum, R. W. (2008). Predictors of early sexual initiation among a nationally representative sample of Nigerian adolescents. Bio-Med. Central Public Health (BMC)1 \u2013 14. doi:10.1186\/1471-2458-8-136\r\n[3] Alika, H. I., Akanni D. O. &amp; Akanni, O. O. (2016). Parenting styles and family characteristics as correlates of psychological distress among Nigerian adolescents. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 8(9), pp. 102-108\r\n[4] Amakali-Nauise, T. &amp; Mitonga, K. H. (2016). Sexual Behaviours and Pregnancies of in School and out of School Adolescents in Kavango region, Namibia. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 4(4), 1 \u2013 10\r\n[5] Ankomah,A.; Mamman-Daura, F.; Omoriege, G. &amp; Anyati, J. (2011). Reasons for delaying or engaging in early sexual initiation among adolescents in Nigeria. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 75 \u2013 84\r\n[6] Cherry, K. (2019). Permissive Parenting Characteristics and Effects. Very well mind. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/what-is-permissive-parenting-2794957. Accessed 25th June, 2019\r\n[7] Coley, R. L., Votruba-Drzal, E. &amp;Schindler, H. S. (2009). Fathers\u2019 and mothers\u2019 parenting practices and responding to adolescent sexual risk behaviours. Child Development.80(3):808\u2013827. doi:10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01299.x.\r\n[8] Hennessey, J. (2015). Interaction Effects of Parenting Styles and Child Temperament: Motor, Cognitive, and Language Development in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/dsc.duq.edu\/etd\/647\r\n[9] Inyang, M. P. (2015). Female Secondary School Adolesents sexual behaviour and school based HIV\/AIDS education programmes. Journal of Research, 8(2) 55-61\r\n[10] Kincaid, C., Jones, D. J., Cuellar, J. &amp; Gonzalez, M. (2011). Psychological control associated with youth adjustment and risky behaviour in African American single mother families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(1):102\u2013110\r\n[11] Kuppens, S. &amp; Ceulemans, E. (2019). Parenting Styles: A Closer Look at a Well-Known Concept. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(1): 168\u2013181\r\n[12] Longmore, M. A., Eng, A. L., Giordano, P. C., Manning, W. D. (2009). Parenting and adolescents\u2019 sexual initiation. Journal of Marriage &amp; the Family, 71(4):969\u2013982\r\n[13] Mbua, A.P. &amp; Adigeb, A. P. (2015). Parenting Styles and Adolescents\u2019 Behaviour in Central Educational Zone of Cross River State. European Scientific Journal, 11(20), 355-368\r\n[14] Oluyemi, J. A., Yinusa, M. A., Abdullateef, R., Kehinde, K. &amp; Adejoke, J. (2017). Parental Influence on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour among Secondary School Students in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Social Work, 7(1): 37-43\r\n[15] Pullack, W.S. (2004). Parents-Child Connections: New Direction for Youth Development,103, 17-30\r\n[16] Rahman, O. A., Shahrin, N. N &amp; Kamaruzaman, Z. (2017). The Relationship between Parenting Style and Self-Concept. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 7(1), 190-195\r\n[17] Shabbir, F. &amp; Ishaq, K. (2019). Impact of Perceived Parenting Style and Emotional Intelligence on Communication Competence among Adolescents. ARC Journal of Psychiatry, 4(3): 1-21\r\n[18] Shah, A. (2019). 4 Types of Parenting Styles and their effects on Children. Retrieved from https:\/\/everydayscience.blog\/4-types-parenting-styles\/\r\n[19] Shannon, M. P., Cheryl, L. S., Ashley R. C., Hillman, B. S.,&amp; Partridge, R.T. (2014). Maternal and Paternal Parenting Style Patterns and Adolescent Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes, Marriage &amp; Family Review, 50:4, 342-359,\r\n[20] Somers, C. L. &amp; Ali, W. F. (2011). The role of parents in early adolescents\u2019 sexual attitudes and behaviour. The Open Psychology Journal,4, 88-95.\r\n[21] Ugoji, F. N. &amp; Ebenuwa, E. E. (2015). Parenting styles, peer group influence as correlates of risky sexual behaviour among undergraduate adolescents. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2(8), 103-110\r\n[22] Ugwu, M. P. (2011). The influence of parenting style and Gender as predictors of disposition towards antisocial behaviour. (Master dissertation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka).\r\n[23] Uya, E. M. (2015). An analysis of causes and effects of moral value degeneration among adolescents in Nigeria. In N. Obikeze and A. K. J. Musa (eds) Adolescent behaviours: Issues and problems, pp.123-132.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Catherine Katanyi Oshie &amp; Prof. Happiness, Ihuoma Igbo, &#8220;Parenting Styles as Correlates of In-School Adolescents\u2019 Sexual Behaviour in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.338-345 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/338-345.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/338-345.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/parenting-styles-as-correlates-of-in-school-adolescents-sexual-behaviour-in-cross-river-and-akwa-ibom-states-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Parenting Styles as Correlates of In-School Adolescents\u2019 Sexual Behaviour in Cross-River and Akwa-Ibom States of Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad395 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1ad395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad47c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ad47c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad623\" data-id=\"c1ad623\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad75a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ad75a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad812 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ad812\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ad99c\" data-id=\"c1ad99c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1adac6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1adac6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1adb74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1adb74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1adcfb\" data-id=\"c1adcfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ade2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ade2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1aded3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1aded3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae031\" data-id=\"c1ae031\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ae150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae1f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ae1f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae349\" data-id=\"c1ae349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae454 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ae454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae51d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ae51d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae6a5\" data-id=\"c1ae6a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae7cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ae7cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae86e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ae86e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ae9f1\" data-id=\"c1ae9f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1aeb10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1aeb10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Why Tourism Regulation Matter to Sustainable Marine Tourism? Lesson Learnt from Berau Regency, East Borneo Province, Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Anugrah Adiastuti, Heri Hartanto, Adriana Grahani Firdaussy &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 346-353<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1aebb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1aebb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1aed3e\" data-id=\"c1aed3e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1aee75 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1aee75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The development of tourism especially in marine tourism has been rocketed steadily year by year. This situation also happened in Indonesia. Supported with vast territory, oceans are central for Indonesia prosperity\u2019s because it captures fisheries and aquaculture activities, tourism industries and activities, including marine transportation and construction. Even though the income from tourism sector is quite promising but there is a widespread consensus that tourism growth especially in marine tourism should be sustainable. A number of threats that marine tourism shall be sustained, for instance unoptimized fisheries management, human impacts to coral reefs, substantial loss of mangroves especially in coastal development area, and the crucial thing about waste and plastic litter which impacts to ecosystems, community, and all related sectors. This writing analyse on the necessity of tourism regulation that matter to sustainable marine tourism. This research uses normative legal research which is a research design that examines the aspect of theories, concepts, legal principles, and regulations\/legislations where relate to certain topics of this research which mainly focus in analyzing the matter of existing regulation to maintain the implementation of sustainable marine tourism in Berau Regency, East Borneo Province. Tourism regulation is required for sustainable tourism because it endows certainty on environmental protection, as legal basis for government officers\/agencies in conducting action prevention and repressive action in connection with law enforcement, provide legal certainty on authority sharing between central government and regional government, and prevent overlapping jurisdiction but alongside each other making synergy and coordination must be held by inter and intra institution. As result, regulation either from central government and\/or regional government, on marine tourism especially in Berau Regency, contributes to the obedience and law enforcement of to all parties who are interconnected to tourism sector.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 346-353\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6123<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anugrah Adiastuti<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of International Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Heri Hartanto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Procedural of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adriana Grahani Firdaussy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Wakimin N., Azlinaa A., Hazman S. Tourism demand in Asean-5 countries: Evidence from panel data analysis. Manag. Sci. Lett. 2018;8:677\u2013690. doi: 10.5267\/j.msl.2018.4.023; Hwang J., Lee J. A strategy for enhancing senior tourists\u2019 well-being perception: Focusing on the experience economy. J. Travel Tour. Mark. 2019;36:314\u2013329. doi: 10.1080\/10548408.2018.1541776 www.unwto.org https:\/\/law.ui.ac.id\/v3\/the-role-of-indonesia-as-the-largest-archipelagic-state-in-the-world\/\r\n[2] World Bank (2021). Oceans for Prosperity: Reforms for a Blue Economy in Indonesia. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.\r\n[3] G\u00f6ssling S., Peters P., Ceron J.P., Dubois G., Patterson T., Richardson R.B. The eco-efficiency of tourism. Ecol. Econ. 2005;54:417\u2013434. doi: 10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2004.10.006\r\n[4] Wang, L., &amp; Zhang, H. (2019). The Impact of Marine Tourism Resources Development on Sustainable Development of Marine Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, 589\u2013592. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26854009 https:\/\/www.iora.int\/media\/23919\/cios-prof-attri-presentation.pdf\r\n[5] Rumiati, A. T., Gunawan, J., &amp; Ekasari, N., (2019). Developing Indicators to Measure Sustainable Marine Tourism Development Study Case: In Selong Belanak Village, West Praya, Central Lombok Province. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 833-847. https:\/\/pusbangsdm.kemenparekraf.go.id\/index.php\/profil-singkat\/\r\n[6] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009 on Tourism.\r\n[7] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management.\r\n[8] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 on Regional Government.\r\n[9] Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2014 on Marine and Fisheries. Regulation of The President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2017 on the Amendment to Number 64 of 2014 on Strategic Coordination on Cross Tourism Sector.\r\n[10] Tonazzini, D., Fosse, J., Morales, E., Gonza\u0301lez, A., Klarwein, S., Moukaddem, K., Louveau, O. (2019) Blue Tourism. Towards a Sustainable Coastal and Maritime Tourism in World Marine Regions. Edited by Eco-Union. Barcelona. Regulation of The Minister of Tourism of Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2016 on Integrated Tourism Master Plan for Regional Government.\r\n[11] Dimas Y.N., et.al. (2019). \u201cSmart Tourism Strategy in Increasing the Number of Tourist in Indonesia\u201d. Advance in Economics, Business and Management Research. Volume 65. Atlantis Press. pp. 149-154. DOI=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/icebef-18.2019.36.\r\n[12] Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia in cooperation with International Labor Organization. (2012). \u201cStrategic Plan Sustainable Tourism and Green Jobs for Indonesia\u201d. Indonesia. Regulation of The Minister of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2016 on Sustainable Tourism Destinations Handbook. Regency Regulation Number 9 of 2017 on Berau Regency Spatial Planning year 2016-2036. Regency Regulation Number 3 of 2018 on Berau Regency Integrated Tourism Master Plan Year 2016-2031. Regency Regulation Number 16 of 2019 on the Protection oof Shark, Manta Rays, certain fishes and Coral Reefs. https:\/\/kemenparekraf.go.id\/post\/percepatan-pengembangan-destinasi-wisata\r\n[13] Regent Decree of Berau Number 886 of 2015 on Governance Establishment of Derawan Destination Management Organization.\r\n[14] Regent Decree of Berau Number 101 of 2017 on Working Group Establishment of Berau Regency Tourism Development Acceleration in 2017.\r\n[15] Regent Decree of Berau Number 709 of 2017 on Arrangement of Mina Bestari Fishing Village Location at County of Derawan islands.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anugrah Adiastuti, Heri Hartanto, Adriana Grahani Firdaussy, &#8220;Why Tourism Regulation Matter to Sustainable Marine Tourism? Lesson Learnt from Berau Regency, East Borneo Province, Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.346-353 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6123<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/346-353.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/why-tourism-regulation-matter-to-sustainable-marine-tourism-lesson-learnt-from-berau-regency-east-borneo-province-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Why Tourism Regulation Matter to Sustainable Marine Tourism? Lesson Learnt from Berau Regency, East Borneo Province, Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b5039 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1b5039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b5d7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b5d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1b5e2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1b5e2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1b5f7e\" data-id=\"c1b5f7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b608a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b608a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6125 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1b6125\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6284\" data-id=\"c1b6284\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6387 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b6387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6428 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1b6428\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1b65b0\" data-id=\"c1b65b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b66d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1b66d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Issues in Rural Development and Management Theories: A Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Owigho Ogheneovo and Eromedoghene Ezekiel Ovoh- January 2022- Page No.: 354-361<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1b6775\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6904\" data-id=\"c1b6904\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b6a44 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1b6a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe notion of people&#8217;s engagement in rural development is gaining attraction in Nigeria as a key tool for mobilizing resources and organizing the rural populace to have invested interests in their own well-being. Governments at all levels, including the federal, state, and local levels, have accepted that &#8220;traditional democratic philosophy,&#8221; which promotes rural people&#8217;s active engagement in decision-making and policies implementation that touch and shape their lives, has an intrinsic mandate. This article provides a survey that reveals specific strategies to modernize and correct the rural development model based on both local and international practice. Analyzing the theoretical and Management side of rural areas&#8217; steady development, the association between a variety of rural economy structures and rural areas&#8217; multifunction character is discovered, necessitating the diversification of rural economies through the stimulation of numerous organizations. It has been established that the rural economy is a complex socioeconomic system, with object-subject connectivity influencing its diversification. In general, the review concludes that, in addition to emphasizing the need to compliment the theory behind the new rural development theory with new interpretations that help us with better understanding about rural development. This study establishes a different rural development definition and recommended global best practice using smart growth development as a necessary step in rural people management.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 354-361\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Owigho Ogheneovo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDelta State University Abraka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eromedoghene Ezekiel Ovoh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDelta State University Abraka, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adisa, R. S. (2014). Rural Development in the Twenty-First Century as a Global Necessity. Ilorin, Nigeria: University of Ilorin.\r\n[2] Anr\u00edquez, G., and Stamoulis, K. ( 2007). Rural Development and Poverty Reduction: Is Agriculture Still the Key? ESA Working Paper No. 07-02 ESA Working Paper No. 07-02June 2007\r\n[3] Charles, J. O. (2010) Sociological Theory: A Historical Analytical Approach on Man and Society. Lagos: Serenity Press.\r\n[4] Dudek M. (2018). Opportunities and barriers for smart rural development in Poland in light of field studies. Economic and Regional Studies 11 (4): 57-68.\r\n[5] Ebong, M. (1991) Mobilisation of Resources for Rural Development in Nigeria, Calabar: Wusen Press Ltd.\r\n[6] Ekong, E. E. (1988). An Introduction to Rural Sociology, Ibadan: Jumak Publishers Limited.\r\n[7] Ekpo, A. H. (1991) \u201cThe Dialectics of Rural Development: Theory and Evidence\u201d, Mobilisation of Resources for Rural Development in Nigeria, Calabar: Wusen Press Ltd.\r\n[8] Ering, S. O.; Etuk, G. R; Enang, E. E. and Omono. C. E. (2012). \u201cFacilitating rural transformation through Community Driven Development Approach: An Empirical Analysis of Community and Social Development Project (CSDP) in Cross River State, Nigeria\u201d, International Research Journal of Humanities, 4(2) pp. 2-19.\r\n[9] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2020). A New Rural Development Paradigm for the 21st Century. OECD. Available at http:\/\/www.fao.org\/family-farming\/detail\/en\/c\/1111188\/.\r\n[10] Global Food Policy Report (GFPR). (2019). Crises in Rural Areas Threatens Progress in Hunger, Poverty Reduction; Urgent Need for Rural Revitalization, Strong Policies, and Accountability. Washington, D.C. USA: International food policy research institute(IFPRI).\r\n[11] Guinjoan, E., Badia, A., and Tulla, F., (2016). The New Paradigm Of Rural Development. Reconceptualization Using The \u2018Rural Web\u2019 de la Asociaci\u00f3n de Ge\u00f3grafos Espa\u00f1oles No 71, pp 495-500Hansen, W. and Schulz, B. (1981). Imperialism, Dependency and Social Class. Africa Today. 29(3) 5-36.\r\n[12] (IFAD), I. F. (2016). Rural Development Report: Fostering inclusive rural transformation. Rome, Italy: Quantity.\r\n[13] Johnston, B. (1970). Agriculture and Structural Transformations in Developing Countries: A Survey of the Research. Journal of Economic Literature, 8(2), 369-404.\r\n[14] Kata, S. ( 1986). &#8220;Rural Development Principles and Policies and management. New Delhi: Sage Publication.\r\n[15] Madhu, I. A. (2000). Rural Markets as a factor of Rural Development in N. Sukka Region Southeastern Nigeria. unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Geography University\r\nNigeria Nsukka.\r\n[16] Muoghalu, L.N. (1992). \u201cRural Development in Nigeria: A Review of Previous Initiatives\u201d in Olisa, M.S.O. and Obiukwu, J.I. (eds) Rural development in Nigeria: Dynamics and strategies: Awka; Meklinks Publishers.\r\n[17] Naldi Lucia, Pia Nilsson, Hans Westlund, Sofia Wixe. (2015). What is smart rural development? Journal of Rural Studies 40: 9-101.\r\n[18] Okafor, F.C (1984a), \u201cDimensions of Community Development Projects in Bendel State, Nigeria\u201d. Public Administration and Development, 4:249-258.\r\n[19] Olayide, S. O. et al (1981) Elements of Rural Economics, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.\r\n[20] Phillips, C. (1992) Changing Communities: A Practical Guide for Rural People and Community Leaders. Rural Health Project, Uniting Church of Australia, Melbourne\r\n[21] Singh, K. (2009). Rural Development, 3rd ed. New Delhi: Sage\r\n[22] The United States Department of Agricultural (USDA. (2019, October 23). Economic Research Service from https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/rural-economypopulation\/rural classifications\/what-is-rural\/\r\n[23] Udoye, E.E. (1992). \u201cGrassroots Involvement in Rural Development\u201d in Olisa, M.S.O. and Obiukwu, J.I. (eds) Rural Development in Nigeria: Dynamics and Strategies. Awka; Mekslink Publishers.\r\n[24] Wikipedia. (2014.). Retrieved 10 02, 2021, from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rural_area\r\n[25] Wolski, O. (2018). Smart Villages in EU Policy: How to match innovativeness and pragmatism, Wie\u015biRolnictwo4 (181): 163-179. DOI: 10.7366\/wir042018\/09.\r\n[26] World Bank (1975) Rural Poverty in Agriculture, Washington D.C.\r\n[27] World Bank (2000) Rural Poverty under Previewed: Problems and Remedies, Washington D.C.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Owigho Ogheneovo and Eromedoghene Ezekiel Ovoh, &#8220;Issues in Rural Development and Management Theories: A Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.354-361 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/354-361.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/354-361.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1b90fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1b90fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bbf97\" data-id=\"c1bbf97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc0fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1bc0fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc1c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1bc1c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc51d\" data-id=\"c1bc51d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc69a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1bc69a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc768 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1bc768\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bc8f9\" data-id=\"c1bc8f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bca49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1bca49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Strategy of Universal War:Padri War in The Face of the Netherlands inMinangkabau in 1803-1838<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abdur Rahim, Sutrimo Sumarlan, Arief Rachman- January 2022- Page No.: 362-366<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1bcafd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1bcafd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bcc9c\" data-id=\"c1bcc9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bcde2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1bcde2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis article discusses the Strategy of The Padri War in the face of the Netherlands in Minangkabau, which took place in the early 17th century, precisely from 1803 to 1838. The historical background of the Padri War began with religious and customary issues, but the final period of the Padri war on the own consciousness of the Padri and the Indigenous people turned into jointly against the Netherlands. This war became a place of resistance of the Minangkabau people against Netherlands invaders led by several prominent figures known as The Tiger Nan Salapan. The last period of the Padri war in 1830-1837, which was a war between the coalition of indigenous peoples and padri against the Netherlands, received its own assessment from the Netherlands. The Netherlands recognized that the Padri war was a difficult enough war for the Netherlands to win, and it became a record for the Netherlands that the Padri war was the longest war in Netherlands history. Guerrilla warfare strategy supported by the full force of indigenous people and Padri in the war overwhelmed the Netherlands forces, resulting in many casualties. After 35 years of Netherlands fighting against Padri forces, then Minangkabau can be controlled by the Netherlands, Tuanku Imam Bonjol as warlord Padri captured then on January 19, 1839 exiled to Ambon, then in 1841 transferred to Manado until his death on November 6, 1864.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 362-366\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6122<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdur Rahim <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sutrimo Sumarlan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arief Rachman <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Weigert and W. Hans., (1957). Principles of Political Geography, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts\r\n[2] Sartono Kartodirdjo., (1993). Introduction to the History of a New Indonesia: The History of the National Movement &#8220;From Colonialism to Nationalism&#8221;. Jakarta, Publisher: Gramedia Pustaka Utama\r\n[3] Directorate General of Culture., (1978). History of National Awakening of West Sumatra Region\r\n[4] Saifullah, et al., (2017). The Historical Cultural Link of Minangkabau and The State of Nine. West Sumatra: Indonesian Institute of Arts Padang Panjang\r\n[5] Hendriks., (1881). Oorlogvoeren op Sumatra, Indische Militair Tijdschrif\r\n[6] Sugiono., (2015). Qualitative quantitative research methods and R&amp;D, Bandung: CV Alfabeta\r\n[7] Azyumardi Azra., (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networksof Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern Ulama in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries\r\n[8] Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro Nugroho Notosusanto., (1992). National History of Indonesia. Jakarta: Library Hall\r\n[9] Zulkifli Ampera Salim., (2005). Minangkabau in the Scattered Historical Record. PadangIndonesian cultural image.\r\n[10] M.D. Mansoer, et al., (1970). Sedjarah Minangkabau, Library Hall. Jakarta:Bhtratara\r\n[11] Sjafnir Aboe Naim., (2008). Tuanku Imam Bonjol: The Intellectual History of Islam in Minangkabau (1784-1832). Padang: Padang Publisher\r\n[12] Poerwadarminta,W.J.S., (1990). General Dictionary Indonesian. Jakarta: PN. Library Hall\r\n[13] Mhd Nur., et al, (2016).Sultan Alam Bagagar Syah Struggle Against Netherlands Invaders in Minangkabau In the 19th Century, Tabing Padang: West Sumatra\r\n[14] Syafnir Abu Naim., (1993). Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Padang: Esa\r\n[15] Cristene Dobbin., (1992). The Rise of Islam in the Changing Farmer Economy: Central Sumatra 1784-1847, Ter. Lilian D. Tedjasudhana, Jakarta: INIS\r\n[16] Kahin, A., (2008). From Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and Indonesian Politics (1926-1998). Jakarta: Obor Indonesia Foundation\r\n[17] Amran, Rusli., (1981). West Sumatra To Plakat Panjang, Jakarta: Sinar Harapan\r\n[18] Azyumardi Azra., (2003). Surau Traditional Islamic Education in Transition and Modernization, Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu\r\n[19] Uun Lionar, et al., (2020). Long Plaque Until the Kamang War: Minangkabau People&#8217;s Movement Against Netherlands Colonial Taxes, Journal of Studies, Research &amp; Development of Historical Education\r\n[20] Ricklefs, M.C., (2008). History of Modern Indonesia (Tim Serambi, Translator). Jakarta: Serambi\r\n[21] Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu., (2013). Introduction to strategic studies, Jakarta: Graha Ilmu\r\n[22] Danil Mahmud Chaniago., (2020). NATIONALISM Roots and Growth in Minangkabau, Padang: UIN Imam Bonjol Padang\r\n[23] Damsar, Indrayani., (2016). Minangkabau Socio-Cultural Construction over the Market, journal Anthropology: Socio-Cultural Issues\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdur Rahim, Sutrimo Sumarlan, Arief Rachman, &#8220;Strategy of Universal War:Padri War in The Face of the Netherlands inMinangkabau in 1803-1838&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.362-366 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6122<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/362-366.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/strategy-of-universal-war-padri-war-in-the-face-of-the-netherlands-in-minangkabau-in-1803-1838\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Strategy of Universal War:Padri War in The Face of the Netherlands inMinangkabau in 1803-1838<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1bdd31 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1bdd31\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1bdfb6\" data-id=\"c1bdfb6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1be0e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1be0e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c83d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c83d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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data-id=\"c1c89ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c8b27\" data-id=\"c1c8b27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c8c41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c8c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c8cef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c8cef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c8e3b\" data-id=\"c1c8e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c8f7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c8f7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c902a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c902a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9185\" data-id=\"c1c9185\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c929c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c929c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c933d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c933d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9481\" data-id=\"c1c9481\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c9592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c962d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c962d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c97db\" data-id=\"c1c97db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c994b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c994b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Knowledge Management and Information Technology Competency of Public Universities in Rivers State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ikegwuru, Mac-Kingsley (PhD), Elekwachi, Happiness Nwanyi- January 2022- Page No.: 367-372<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9a09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1c9a09\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9bb3\" data-id=\"c1c9bb3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c9cf2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1c9cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe implementation of effective and efficient knowledge management practices stands as one of the most important dynamics for improving information technology competency. This dynamic has significant role in increasing information technology competence in public universities. Hence, implementation of appropriate knowledge management practices will influence information technology competency. This study therefore, investigates the influence of knowledge management on information technology competency of public universities in Rivers State of Nigeria. The target population for the study comprised all teaching staff from three universities within Rivers State. The total population of academic staff of the three universities combined as at December, 2017, was 2,517. The sample size of teaching staff studied was determined by the use of the formula developed by Taro Yamane (1967) and Krecjie and Morgan (1970). The study used simple random sampling and stratified sampling to decide on respondents from each of the universities, and a total of 365 respondents were obtained from the public universities studied. Primary data were processed using simple regression analysis, and the findings of the study revealed that, knowledge generation, knowledge transfer and knowledge codification and storage have a very strong, positive and significant influence on information technology competency. The study therefore concludes that, knowledge management significantly influence information technology competency, and recommends that university management should sensitize their teaching staff on knowledge generation, knowledge transfer and knowledge codification and storage standard being applied in their relevant institutions and channel them all the way through their profession conduit to attract an efficacious information technology competency process.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 367-372\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ikegwuru, Mac-Kingsley (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Marketing, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elekwachi, Happiness Nwanyi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Office and Information Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alavi, M.L. &amp; Leidner. D.E. (2001). Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly 25(1): 107\u2013136.\r\n[2] Attar, G. &amp;Sweiss, R. (2010). The relationship between information technology adoption and job satisfaction in contracting companies in Jordan, Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 15, 44-63.\r\n[3] Awara, N.F., Udoh, E.G. &amp; Anyadighibe, J.A. (2018). Information technology tools and supply chain performance of online retailers in Calaber metropolis, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 17, 55-67.\r\n[4] Bhatt, G.D. (2001). Knowledge management in organizations: Examining the interaction between technologies, techniques and people. Journal of Knowledge Management 5(1), 68\u201375.\r\n[5] Bounfour, A. (2003). The management of intangibles. The organization\u2019s most valuable assets. London: Roudlege.\r\n[6] Bueno, E. &amp; P. Ordo\u00f1ez. (2004). Innovation and learning in the knowledge-based economy: Challenges for the firm. International Journal of Technology Management 27(6\/7), 531\u2013533.\r\n[7] Casey, A. (1997). Collective memory in organizations. Advances in Strategic Management 14: 444\u2013446.\r\n[8] Choi, B., Poon, S.K. &amp; Davis, J. G. (2008). Effects of knowledge management strategy on organizational performance: A complementarity theory-based approach. Omega 36, 235\u2013251.\r\n[9] Constant, D., Sproull, L &amp;Kiesler, S. (1996). The kindness of strangers: The usefulness of weak ties for technical advice. Organization Science 7(2), 119\u2013135.\r\n[10] Cross, R. &amp; Baird, L. (2000). Feeding organizational memory: Improving on knowledge management\u2019s promise to business performance. In Strategic learning in a knowledge economy. Individual, collective and organizational learning process, ed. L. Robert, J. Cross, and S.B. Israelit, 69\u201390. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.\r\n[11] Davenport, T.H., De Long, D.W. &amp; Beers, M.C. (1998). Successful knowledge management projects, Sloan Management Review , Winter, 43\u201357.\r\n[12] Farrell, J., Saloner, G. (1986). Installed base and compatibility: Innovation, product preannouncements and predation. American Economic Review, 76, 940-955.\r\n[13] Gangwar, H., Date, H., &amp;Raoot , A.D. (2014). Review on IT adoption: insights from recent technologies. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27, 488 \u2013 502.\r\n[14] Ghezzi, A., Rangone, A. &amp; Balocco, R. (2013). Technology diffusion theory revisited: a regulation, environment, strategy, technology model for technology activation analysis of mobile ICT. Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management, 25(10), 1223-1249.\r\n[15] Hayes, N. &amp; Walsham, G. (2003). Knowledge sharing and ICTs: A relational perspective. In Handbook of organizational learning and knowledge management, ed. M. Easterby-Smith, and M.A. Lyles, 55\u201377. Malden, MA, Blackwell.\r\n[16] Katz, M. &amp; Shapiro, C. (1986). Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities, Journal of Political Economy, 94, 822-841.\r\n[17] Kim, Y. J., Seokwoo, S., Sambamurthy, V &amp; Young, L. L. (2012). Entrepreneurship, knowledge integration capability, and firm performance: An empirical study. Information Systems Frontiers 14 (5), 1047\u201360.\r\n[18] Krishnan, V., Bhattacharya, S. (2002). Technology selection and commitment in new product development: The role of uncertainty and design flexibility, Management. Retrieved from www.google.com. Accessed on August 3, 2021.\r\n[19] Lee, S.M., &amp; Hong. S (2002). An enterprise-wide knowledge management system infrastructure. Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems 102(1), 17\u201325.\r\n[20] Levitt, B. &amp; March, J.(1988). Organizational learning. American Review of Sociology 14: 319\u2013340.\r\n[21] Ming-Lang, T., Kuo-Jui, W. &amp; Nguyen, T.T. (2011).Information technology in supply chain management; a case study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 25, 257-272, International Conference on Asia Pacific Business Innovation and Technology Management (APBITM).\r\n[22] Teeche, D.J. Pinsno, G. &amp;Shuen, A. (1991). Dynamic capabilities strategic management. working paper, centre for research in management, Berkley. Teece DJ, 69\r\n[23] Wigg, K.M. (1999). Introducing knowledge management into the enterprise. In Knowledge Management Handbook , ed. J. Liebowitz. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.\r\n[24] Wiig, K.M. (1997). Integrating intellectual capital and knowledge management. Long Range Planning 30(3), 399-405.\r\n[25] Zheng, W., Baiyin, Y. &amp; Gary, N. M. (2010). Linking organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness: Mediating role of knowledge management. Journal of Business Research. 63 (7). Elsevier Inc. 763\u20137\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ikegwuru, Mac-Kingsley (PhD), Elekwachi, Happiness Nwanyi, &#8220;Knowledge Management and Information Technology Competency of Public Universities in Rivers State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.367-372 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/367-372.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/367-372.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/knowledge-management-and-information-technology-competency-of-public-universities-in-rivers-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Knowledge Management and Information Technology Competency of Public Universities in Rivers State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cab3a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1cab3a\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cc8b0\" data-id=\"c1cc8b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cca0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cca0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ccac7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ccac7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ccc2b\" data-id=\"c1ccc2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ccec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ccec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ccfb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ccfb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd13a\" data-id=\"c1cd13a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd258 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cd258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd2f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1cd2f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd448\" data-id=\"c1cd448\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd55b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cd55b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd5f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1cd5f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd740\" data-id=\"c1cd740\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cd850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1cd8f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1cd8f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cda38\" data-id=\"c1cda38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cdb48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cdb48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1cdbe3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1cdbe3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1cdd5d\" data-id=\"c1cdd5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cde9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1cde9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Towards Achieving Quality in Distance Higher Education Teaching and Learning: Experiences from Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>George N. Shava, Siphumuzile Hleza, Mlisa Jasper Ndlovu, Paradzai P. Makokoro, Faith Tlou &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 373-381<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1cdf53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1cdf53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ce108\" data-id=\"c1ce108\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ce244 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1ce244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Zimbabwe has managed to respond to the movement in support of UNESCO\u2019s lifelong learning concept and strategy that seeks to widen and deepen access to higher education through distance education initiatives. Despite the significant increase in students enrolling in distance education institutions, the gold standard of excellence that is sought by many nations has gradually been compromised. There are symptoms of a downward trend in terms of quality in open distance learning institutions. The qualitative study analysed major factors affecting the provision of quality distance higher education with specific reference to the Zimbabwe Open University, the sole provider of university distance education in Zimbabwe. The study focused on three Zimbabwe Open University regional centres in Zimbabwe. The paper seeks to identify major factors contributing to the declining quality of distance education and discusses measures that distance education providers in Zimbabwe can undertake in order to promote excellence for effective learning in the 21st century. The study established that several factors are affecting the quality of distance education in Zimbabwe. The lack of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) facilities at regional and district centres was a major hindrance to effective teaching and learning<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 373-381\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George N. Shava<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Siphumuzile Hleza<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mlisa Jasper Ndlovu<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paradzai P. Makokoro<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Faith Tlou<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Archer, M. S. (1995). Realist socialist theory. The morphogenetic approach. Cambridge:\r\n[2] Archer, M. S. (1996). Culture and agency. The place of culture in social theory. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[3] Archer, M. S. (2003). Structure, agency and the internal conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press\r\n[4] Boeren, E., Whittaker, S., &amp;Riddell. S. (2017). Provision of seven types of education for (disadvantaged) adults in ten countries: Overview and cross-country comparison. Brussels: European Commission.\r\n[5] Bougley, C. (2012). Significance of structure, cultured agency in supporting and developing students learning at South African universities: available at http:\/\/rhodes.za.academia.edu\/chrissieboughey\/papers4462.zaacademia.Edu\/chrissie Bonghey\/\r\n[6] Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. A social critique of the judgement of taste. London: Rutledge.\r\n[7] Barret, B. 2010. Virtual Teaching and Strategies: Transitioning from Teaching Traditional Classes to Online Classes. Contemporary Issues in Education Research 3(12): 17-20\r\n[8] Bates, A.W. 1995. Technology: Open Learning and Distance Education. New York: Routledge.\r\n[9] Bryant, A., and K. Charmaz. (2007) The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory, London: Sage.\r\n[10] Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Research. London: Sage.\r\n[11] A.W Chickering and Z. Gamson. 1987. Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education American Association of Higher Education Bulletin, March (1986).\r\n[12] Corry, M. 2008. Quality in Distance Learning \u2013 Distance Learning 5(1): 88-91\r\n[13] Creswell, J.W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: Sage.\r\n[14] Creswell, J.W. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing among Five Traditions. New York: Thousand Oaks.\r\n[15] Creswell, J.W. 2014.Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods. New York: Thousand Oaks.\r\n[16] Daiziel. C. 1994. New Connection: A College President\u2019s Guide to Distance Education. Washington: Instructional Telecommunications Council.\r\n[17] Elias, T. 2012. Universal Instructional Design Principles for Moodle\r\n[18] International Review of Research in Open Distance Learning Retrieved from http:\/\/www.irrodl.org\/inex.phd\/irrod\/article\/view869\r\n[19] Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society. Outlines of the theory of structuration. Cambridge. Blackwell\/ Polity Press.\r\n[20] Holton, J.A. 2010. The Coding Process and its Challenges. London: Sage.\r\n[21] Kirkpatrick, K. P (2005) Quality Assurance in Open and Distance Learning Commonwealth of Learning Vancouver.Retrievedfromwww.col.org\/colweb\/webdav\/site\/myjahiasite\/shared\/doc\/PS-QA\r\n[22] Koul, B.N. 2005.Perspectives on Distance Education: Towards a Culture of Quality. Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning.\r\n[23] Moore M.G. and G. Kearsely. 1996. Distance Education: A System View. Belmont, CA, Washington: Wadsworth.\r\n[24] Patton, M.Q. 2001. Evaluation in Education. London: Longman\u2019s.\r\n[25] Pereira, L. 2012.A Critical Realist Exploration of the Implementation of a Curriculum in Swaziland. Grahamstown: Published Doctoral Thesis, Rhodes University.\r\n[26] Rikers, R.M.J.P. 2006. A Critical Reflection on Emerging Topics in Cognitive Load Research.Appl. Cognie. Psycho 20: 359 \u2013 364. Doi: 10.1002\/acp.1252\r\n[27] Rodgers, P. 2009. Encyclopaedia of Distance Learning. Information Sciences References\r\n[28] SAUVCA\u2019s National Quality Assurance Forum. 2002. Quality Assurance in South African Universities: Views from the SUVCA\u2019s National Quality Assurance Forum. Pretoria: SAUVCA\r\n[29] Silverman, D. 2014. Interpreting Qualitative Data. London: Sage.\r\n[30] Simonson, M.2012. Teaching and Learning at a Distance: Foundations of Distance Education. Boston: Pearson.\r\n[31] Simonson, M., C. Schlosser and A. Orellana. 2011. Distance Education Research: a Review of the Literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. 23 (2-3), 124-142. Doi: http:\/\/dx.doc.org\/10.1..7\/512525-011-9045-8\r\n[32] Willis, B. 1993.Distance Education: A practical guide. New York: Educational Technology Publication, Inc Englewood Cliffs.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">George N. Shava, Siphumuzile Hleza, Mlisa Jasper Ndlovu, Paradzai P. Makokoro, Faith Tlou &#8220;Towards Achieving Quality in Distance Higher Education Teaching and Learning: Experiences from Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.373-381 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51219<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/373-381.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/towards-achieving-quality-in-distance-higher-education-teaching-and-learning-experiences-from-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Towards Achieving Quality in Distance Higher Education Teaching and Learning: Experiences from Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1cfd7c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1cfd7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d70a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d70a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7700\" data-id=\"c1d7700\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d7851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7917 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d7917\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7a7a\" data-id=\"c1d7a7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7b95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d7b95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7c4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d7c4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7dbe\" data-id=\"c1d7dbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7ed1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d7ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d7f7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d7f7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d80d5\" data-id=\"c1d80d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d81e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d81e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8283 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d8283\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d83da\" data-id=\"c1d83da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d84f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d84f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d8594\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8731\" data-id=\"c1d8731\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d885f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d885f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Life in a Pandemic: Some Reflections from <i>The Plague<\/i> (1947) and the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Melchor L. Cuizon, Nympha C. Cuizon- January 2022- Page No.: 382-385<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8918 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1d8918\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8a99\" data-id=\"c1d8a99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8bd9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1d8bd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nHuman existence is a continual struggle against various kinds of calamities including infectious diseases like the COVID-19 virus that threatens the vulnerability of human life. It has affected humanity throughout the globe who are either hungry due to financial crisis or hospitalized or even killed because of the virus infections. This enduring threat continues to persist as long as the holding sway of the coronavirus remains unresolved. It is no accident that the pandemic of the century mirrors The Plague (1947) of Albert Camus in which both catastrophic events challenged the social order and the vulnerability of human life. Although the health crisis exists in a different period in the history of mankind, nevertheless, the existential crisis it has created has no different. This paper aims to (1) highlight some of the similar events in both pandemics and (2) argue that the pandemic can be an avenue for religious introspection.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 382-385\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6124<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Melchor L. Cuizon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nympha C. Cuizon<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, Central Luzon State University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aruta, J.J.B.R. (2020). Socio-ecological determinants of distress in Filipino adults during COVID-19 crisis. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. doi.org\/10.1007. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12144-020 01322-x.\r\n[2] Baker, J., Mart\u00ed, G., Braunstein, R., Whitehead, A. L., &amp; Yukich, G. (2020). Religion in the age of social distancing: How COVID-19 presents new directions for research. Sociology of Religion, 81(4), 357\u2013 370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/socrel\/sraa039.\r\n[3] Bednarik, J. O.F.M. (2013). Catholic Social Teachings on Solidarity. The Diocese of Harrisburg. https:\/\/www.hbgdiocese.org\/catholic-social-teaching-on solidarity\/.\r\n[4] Belghazi, T., Maarouf, M., &amp; Maarouf, F. (2020). Covid \u2013 19: A Critical Ontology of the present. Educational Philosophy and Theory. doi:10.1080\/00131857.2020.1757426.\r\n[5] Bernstein, J., Hutler, B., Rieder, T., Fade, R., Han, H., &amp; Barnhill, A. (2020). An ethics framework for the Covid-19 reopening process. Johns Hopkins University. https:\/\/bioethics.jhu.edu\/research-and-outreach\/covid-19.bioethics-expert-insights\/resources-for-addressing-key-ethical. areas\/grappling-with-the-ethics-of-social-distancing\/.\r\n[6] Bonk, R. J. (2010). Medicine as an Absurdist Quest in Albert Camus&#8217; The Plague. pp.1-22. http:\/\/www.ea-journal.com\/art2.1\/Medicine-as-an-Absurdist Quest.pdf\r\n[7] Buenaventura, R.D., Ho, J., Lapid, M. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country. International Psychogeriatric Association. doi:10.1017\/S1041610220000757.\r\n[8] Camus, A. (1947). The Plague. (S. Gilbert, Trans.). The Modern Library Colleg Editions.\r\n[9] Cupich, B. (29 May 2020). Why do we pray during a global pandemic. Vatican News. L&#8217;Osservatore Romano. https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/en\/church\/news\/2020-05\/prayer-during-global-pandemic-cardinal-blase-cupich.html.\r\n[10] Cummins, R. (2021) How the Pandemic Plans Unfold in The Truth about COVID-19: Exposing The Great Reset, Lockdowns, Vaccine Passports, and the New Normal. Joseph Mercula, Ronnie Cummins, and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Chelsea Green Publishing, London.\r\n[11] Del Castillo, F., Del Castillo, D., &amp; Corpuz, J.C. (2021). Dungaw: Re\u2011imagined Religious Expression in Response to the COVID\u201119 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-021-01266-x.\r\n[12] Estadilla, L. (2020). Community quarantine in the Philippines. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics. Vol. 30 (5) pp. 254 \u2013 255. https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/ESTCQI.\r\n[13] Genalyn K. (2020, March 20). \u201cDuterte admits Luzon already in \u2018lockdown\u2019, stresses \u2018it will effectively kill COVID-19\u2019. Manila Bulletin, https:\/\/news.mb.com.ph\/2020\/03\/20\/duterte-admits-luzon-already-in-lockdownstresses-it-will-effectively-kill-covid-19\/.\r\n[14] Haleem, A., Vaishya, R., &amp; Javaid, M. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in daily life, Current Medicine Research and Practice, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmrp.2020.03.011.\r\n[15] Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology. The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. William Lovitt (Trans.) New York: Harper Colophon Books. p. 26.\r\n[16] https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/feb\/08\/if-china-valued-free-speech there-would-be-no-corona-virus-crisis.\r\n[17] Heynders, O. Perpectives on the Common: The Input of Literature in The New Common: How the COVID-19 Pandemic is Transforming Society edited by Emile Aarts, Hein Fleuren, Margriet Sitskoorn andTon Wilthagen. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-65355-2.\r\n[18] Honigsbaum, M. (2019). The Pandemic Century: A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19. Penguin Random House, UK. p.273.\r\n[19] Judt, Tony. (2001). On the plague. November 29, 2001 issue. https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2001\/11\/29\/on-the-plague\/ p.2\r\n[20] Muthulekshmi, B. &amp; Indu, A.S. (2020). Crisis Across Cultures: A study on the Disruption of Social Order over Centuries based on Camus\u2019s The Plague and Covid \u2013 19. Psychology and Education 57 (9): 5614-5623 ISSN: 00333077.\r\n[21] Pope Francis (2020) Life After the Pandemic. Card. Michael Czemy (Preface). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. www.libreriaeditricevaticana.va.\r\n[22] Puyat, J., Conaco, M.C., Natividad, J., &amp; Banal, M.A. (2020). Depressive symptoms among young adults in the Philippines: Results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports journal www.elsevier.com\/locate\/jadr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadr.2020.100073.\r\n[23] Schwab, C., &amp; Malleret, T. (2020). Covid \u2013 19: The Great Reset. Forum Publishing, Cologny\/Geneva Switzerland.\r\n[24] Szoltyzek, Jacek. (2020). Mobility in Post \u2013 Pandemic City: Subjective Considerations Based on Observations and The Plague by Albert Camus. Journal of Regional and City Planning. Vol. 31, no. 3, page. 301-317. doi: 10.5614\/jpwk.2020.31.3.5.\r\n[25] Vallejo, B., &amp; Ong, R. (2020). Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines. Progress in Disaster Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdisas.2020.100115.\r\n[26] Wagner, Stephen I. (2020) &#8220;Rereading Albert Camus\u2019 The Plague During a Pandemic: Of Plagues and Nazis: Camus\u2019 Journey from Moral Nihilism,&#8221; The Journal of Social Encounters: Vol. 4: Iss. 2, 103-106. Available at: https:\/\/digitalcommons.csbsju.edu\/social_encounters\/vol4\/iss2\/10.\r\n[27] World Health Organization. Health Emergency Dashboard. Covid \u2013 19 Homepage. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/region\/wpro\/country\/ph. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/\r\n[28] Zizek, S. (2020). Pandemic: Covid \u2013 19 shakes the world. OR Books, London.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Melchor L. Cuizon, Nympha C. Cuizon, &#8220;Life in a Pandemic: Some Reflections from <i>The Plague<\/i> (1947) and the COVID-19 Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.382-385 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6124<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/382-385.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/life-in-a-pandemic-some-reflections-from-the-plague-1947-and-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Life in a Pandemic: Some Reflections from <i>The Plague<\/i> (1947) and the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e696e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1e696e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e6df5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e6df5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e6f86\" data-id=\"c1e6f86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e70c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e70c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7187 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e7187\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e72f1\" data-id=\"c1e72f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e7443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e74f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e74f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e76fc\" data-id=\"c1e76fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e784e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e784e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e78ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e78ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7a5a\" data-id=\"c1e7a5a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e7b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7c4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e7c4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7d9d\" data-id=\"c1e7d9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e7eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e7f62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e7f62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e80e6\" data-id=\"c1e80e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e81ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1e81ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Work of Attracting Vietnamese Intellectuals Abroad in the Innovate Period in Vietnam<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Dr. Mai Quoc Dung &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 386-391<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e82c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e82c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1e9b85\" data-id=\"c1e9b85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1e9d26 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1e9d26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nInheriting and promoting the long and fine tradition of the nation that considers \u201cgenius as the national spirit\u201d, Vietnam has adopted appropriate guidelines and policies to gather, unite, build and develop strongly promote the role of intellectuals, including Vietnamese intellectuals abroad, creating conditions and motivation for them to freely research, create and contribute. The results achieved in the work of attracting and promoting the resources of Vietnamese intellectuals abroad in the past time have confirmed the right direction of Vietnam, but there are still limitations barrier. That situation needs to be frankly recognized, in order to set out appropriate policies, further promote the achieved results, and overcome limitations and barriers.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 386-391\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6125<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Mai <\/strong><\/span>\r\nHo Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, Vietnam\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mai Quoc Dung <\/strong><\/span>\r\nHo Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vietnam\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Communist Party of Vietnam (1993). Resolution No. 08 NQ\/TW on the Work of mobilizing overseas Vietnamese.\r\n[2] Communist Party of Vietnam (2004). Resolution No. 36-NQ\/TW on Working with overseas Vietnamese.\r\n[3] Communist Party of Vietnam (2008). Resolution No. 27-NQ\/TW on Building a contingent of intellectuals in the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization of the country.\r\n[4] Communist Party of Vietnam (2015). Directive No. 45-CT\/TW on Continuing to accelerate the implementation of Resolution No. 36 of the IX Politburo on work with overseas Vietnamese in the current situation new.\r\n[5] Communist Party of Vietnam (2019). Resolution No. 52-NQ\/TW on a number of Undertakings and policies to actively participate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.\r\n[6] Dan T.T.D. (1997). Overseas Vietnamese, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi.\r\n[7] Diep T. (2020). 5 years of implementing Directive 45-CT\/TW: Attracting overseas intellectual resources, https:\/\/baotintuc.vn\/thoi-su\/5-nam-thuc-hien-chi-thi -45cttw-thu-hut-nguon-luc-tri-thuc-kieu-bao-20201127102649373.htm\r\n[8] Dung M.Q. (2018). Overseas Vietnamese are an integral part and resource of the Vietnamese ethnic community, Journal of Education and Society, pp. 85-88\r\n[9] Dung M.Q. (2021). Promoting the intellectual resources of overseas Vietnamese in the process of building a Constructive Government, Journal of Political Theory, pp. 81-85.\r\n[10] Government of Vietnam (2014). Decree No. 87\/2014\/ND-CP Regulating the attraction of individuals in science and technology activities who are overseas Vietnamese and foreign experts to participate in scientific activities and technology in Vietnam.\r\n[11] Government of Vietnam (2020). Decree No. 27\/2020\/ND-CP in which amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government&#8217;s Decree No. 87\/2014\/ND-CP on attracting individuals to work science and technology activities are overseas Vietnamese and foreign experts participating in science and technology activities in Vietnam.\r\n[12] Linh K. (2020). Promoting work for overseas Vietnamese in the new situation, https:\/\/dangcongsan.vn\/nguoi-viet-nam-o-nuoc-ngoai\/day-manh-cong-tac-doi-voi-nguoi-viet-nam-o-nuoc-ngoai-trong-tinh-hinh-moi-568517.html\r\n[13] Ngoc D. (2020). \u201c5 things missing\u201d in attracting overseas intellectuals, https:\/\/nld.com.vn\/thoi-su\/5-cai-thieu-trong-thu-hut-tri-thuc-kieu -bao-20201127065348475.htm\r\n[14] Thang V. (2020). Attracting overseas intellectuals in &#8220;key spear&#8221; fields, http:\/\/daidoanket.vn\/thu-hut-tri-thuc-kieu-bao-o-cac-linh-vuc- mui-nhon-525085.html\r\n[15] Vui T.T. (2017). Policy of the Party and State towards overseas Vietnamese in the innovate period, Political Theory Publishing House.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Dr. Mai Quoc Dung , &#8220;The Work of Attracting Vietnamese Intellectuals Abroad in the Innovate Period in Vietnam&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.386-391 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6125<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/386-391.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-work-of-attracting-vietnamese-intellectuals-abroad-in-the-innovate-period-in-vietnam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Work of Attracting Vietnamese Intellectuals Abroad in the Innovate Period in Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ec1b1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1ec1b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ec289 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ec289\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1ec42f\" data-id=\"c1ec42f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1ec564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1ec564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1ec619 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ec619\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1ecc23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2013d0\" data-id=\"c2013d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2015d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2015d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2016aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2016aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c201841\" data-id=\"c201841\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c201968 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c201968\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c201a0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c201a0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c201b6c\" data-id=\"c201b6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c201c7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c201c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c201d1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c201d1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c201e8e\" data-id=\"c201e8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c201faa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c201faa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Does External Debts Promote Sustainable Economic Development in Developing Countries?<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>James Daniel Chindengwike- January 2022- Page No.: 392-400<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c202049 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c202049\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2073a6\" data-id=\"c2073a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20757b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c20757b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nExternal debts is one of the major sources of revenue to developing nations that normally do not have an enough industrial support and is illustrated by a small human development index. The aim of this paper is to test whether external debts promote sustainable economic development in developing countries or not. The study opted a time series data research design where by secondary data were used. This study used economic data from 1999-2020 financial years (Quarterly data). The study involved 80 observations. Kenya was purposively sampled to be used as research area of this study. The data collected from different reliable sources which included the International Financial Statistics (IFS), World Bank\u2019s Statistical Database, The Treasury of Kenya, Ministry of Devolution and Planning and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The results of the study revealed that there is long &#8211; term associations between external debts and sustainable economic development with P- Value of 0.0001. Another finding revealed that there is statistical significantly in all other macro-economic variables in the predictable direction with P- Value of 0.0011, except broad inflation and money that have vague signs. In short-run revealed that external debts affect statistically significance economic development with a negative direction P- Value of 0.0064. The study recommends that the government should think about adopting other sources of finance articulate via taxation and reduce borrowing outside to minimize assistance from developed nations. The government should also assign extra resources to savings in human capital education as efficiently labor has the effect of promoting sustainable economic development crosswise all models in the short run. Particularly population expansion rate should be proscribed through increasing utilize of social services such as family planning or sensitization to reduce support pressure on imperfect resources which deject economic development.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 392-400\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6126<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>James Daniel Chindengwike <\/strong><\/span>\r\n,Department of Finance, Accounting and Economics, Faculty of Commerce and Business Studies, St. John\u2019s University of Tanzania &#8211; Dodoma, Tanzania\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Dalton, P. 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Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. DOI https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-95870-5_39\r\n[19] Tyagi R., Vishwakarma S., Yadav S.S., Stanislavovich T.A. (2021) Community Self-Help Projects. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A., \u00d6zuyar P.G., Wall T. (eds) No Poverty. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-95714-2_28\r\n[20] Tyagi R., Vishwakarma S., Singh K.K., Syan C. (2020) Low-Cost Energy Conservation Measures and Behavioral Change for Sustainable Energy Goal. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A., Wall T. (eds) Affordable and Clean Energy. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-71057-0_155-1\r\n[21] Tyagi R., Vishwakarma S., Rishi M., Rajiah S. (2021) Reducing Inequalities Through Education and Skill Development Courses. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A.M., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A., \u00d6zuyar P.G., Wall T. (eds) Reduced Inequalities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-71060-0_102-1\r\n[22] Tyagi, Ruchi K and Vasiljevien, Nijole (2013) The case of CSR and irresponsible management practices. Competitiveness Review. 23(4\/5):372-383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/CR-03-2013-0031. Available online at https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/CR-03-2013-0031\/full\/html\r\n[23] Tyagi R. (2012) Meerut Embroidery Cluster: A Case Study. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases. 1 (2): 185-202. SAGE Publications Sage India: New Delhi, India. Available online at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2277977912459445\r\n[24] Vishwakarma, S. and Tyagi, R. (2017), &#8220;post-reforms training needs of frontline managers in Indian power distribution companies: A top managers&#8217; perspective&#8221;, International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 11(3): 416-425.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJESM-02-2016-0001. Accessed at https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJESM-02-2016-0001\/full\/html\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">James Daniel Chindengwike, &#8220;Does External Debts Promote Sustainable Economic Development in Developing Countries?&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.392-400 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6126<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/does-external-debts-promote-sustainable-economic-development-in-developing-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Does External Debts Promote Sustainable Economic Development in Developing Countries?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20840f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c20840f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c20c57e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c20c828\" data-id=\"c20c828\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20c991 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c20c991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20ca47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c20ca47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c20cbb7\" data-id=\"c20cbb7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20cccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c20cccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20cd74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c20cd74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c20cecd\" data-id=\"c20cecd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c20cfd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c20cfd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20d0b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c20d0b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c20d23b\" data-id=\"c20d23b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c21689b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c21689b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Spirituality and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD)- January 2022- Page No.: 401-406<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c216a02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c216a02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c216c0d\" data-id=\"c216c0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c216d76 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c216d76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nMinistry burnout is a global issue of concern among Church ministers across the world. Studies have shown that majority of Church ministers leave ministry prematurely due to burnout which in turn affects their commitment to the Church. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and organizational commitment among the Catholic religious men and women working in Lodwar Diocese. The study adopted correlational research design. A sample size of 131 Catholic religious men and women were selected using census sampling method. The data was collected using Spirituality Scale and Organizational Commitment Scale. Pre-testing of the standardized instruments was carried out before the actual data collection to ensure its reliability and validity. The data was analyzed for correlational analysis using SPSS Version 32. The results showed weak positive relationship between self-discovery and continuance commitment r= 0.009; p&lt;0.05) and normative commitment (r=0.19; p&gt;0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between self-discovery with continuance commitment (r=-0.058; p&gt;0.05) and normative commitment (r= -0.033; p&gt;0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between Eco-awareness with continuance commitment (r=-0.018; &gt;0.05) and normative commitment (r=0.071; p&gt;0.05).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 401-406\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdullah, A. (2011). Evaluation of Allen and Meyer\u2019s Organizational Commitment Scale: A Cross- Cultural Application in Pakistan, Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 3, 80-86.\r\n[2] Allen, N.J., &amp; Meyer, J.P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1\u201318.\r\n[3] Anat, F., Rivka, Y., &amp; Bar, G. (2016). Workplace Spirituality in Social Services Departments, Journal of Religion &amp; Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 35(30), 245-262.\r\n[4] Anthony, B. M., Julius, O., Andrew, E. S., &amp; Tom, S. (2020). \u201cOh God! Why Did You Let Me Have This Disability? Religion, Spirituality and Disability in Three African Countries, Journal of Disability &amp; Religion, 24(1), 64-81, DOI: 10.1080\/23312521.2019.1698387.\r\n[5] Austin, F. (1982). Vatican Council II: More Post Councillor Documents: S.T Paul Publications.\r\n[6] Creswell, J. W., &amp; Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.\r\n[7] Catholic Diocese of Lodwar Office Directory, 2021.\r\n[8] Debra, D. J., Marshall, A., George, W. R., &amp; Bruce, W. E. (2017). Religion and spirituality in the workplace: A quantitative evaluation of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Strategic and International Studies, 4(1),1\u201318.\r\n[9] Delaney, C. (2003). Spirituality: Development, refinement, and psychometric test- ing of an instrument to assess the human spiritual dimension (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Connecticut.\r\n[10] Djafri, F. &amp; Kamaruzaman N. (2017). &#8220;The impact of workplace spirituality on organizational commitment: A case study of Takaful agents in Malaysia&#8221;, Humanomics, 33 (3); 384-396.\r\n[11] Gbadamosi, G. (2006). Predictors and Correlates of Charlatan Behavior in a Non-Western Consent. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 2(1), 23-32.\r\n[12] Good, J. (2007). Mission to Turkana, Don Bosco Printing press, Makuyu\r\n[13] Maria, J., &amp; Arnaldo, M. C. (2019). The Impact of Spirituality at Work on Workers\u2019 Attitudes and Individual Performance, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(7), 1111-1135, DOI: 10.1080\/09585192.2017.1314312.\r\n[14] McLeod, S. A. (2019). Sampling methods. Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/sampling.html\r\n[15] Moghadam, A.K. &amp; Makvandi, R. (2019). Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Capital And Job Performance With Organizational Citizenship Behaviours In Employees (Evidence From Iran). Cogent Business &amp; Management, 6 (1), 1692-4840.\r\n[16] Paul J. L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. Do: https:\/\/dx. Doinory \/10.4135\/19781412963947. N61\r\n[17] Pradhan, K. R., Pradhan, S., &amp; Jena, L. K. (2016). The study of workplace spirituality and job outcomes, in Indian information technology industry. International Journal Strategic Business Alliances, 5(1), 54\u201368.\r\n[18] Tamer, K., &amp; Abedelkareem, A. (2020). The Linkages between Person-Organization Spirituality Fit and Workers\u2019 Psychological Well-Being, the Journal of Social Psychology,161(1),103 \u2013 118. DOI: 10.1080\/00224545.2020.1778618.\r\n[19] Thuli, G. M., Lisa, W., &amp; Nicolette, V. R. (2017). Barriers to Integration of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in Occupational Therapy Education in A South African Context, Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 19(1), 61-79, DOI:10.1080\/19349637.2016.1206843.\r\n[20] Van Hove, A. (1909). Diocese. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from New Advent: http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/05001a.htm\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD), &#8220;Spirituality and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.401-406 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/401-406.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/spirituality-and-organizational-commitment-among-catholic-religious-men-and-women-working-in-rural-areas-a-case-of-lodwar-diocese-in-turkana-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Spirituality and Organizational Commitment among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22080d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22080d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2209cf\" data-id=\"c2209cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c220aed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c220aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c220ba4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c220ba4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c220cfe\" data-id=\"c220cfe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c220e13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c220e13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c220eb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c220eb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22101d\" data-id=\"c22101d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22112f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22112f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2211d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2211d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c221349\" data-id=\"c221349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c221470 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c221470\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Climate Change, Farmer-Herders Conflicts and Food Security in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gospel Nukoaka Lebari, PhD, Ferguson Amaobi Onuegbu, PhD &amp; Sunday Adeniran &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 407-413<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c221512 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c221512\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22169b\" data-id=\"c22169b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2217f2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2217f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There is emerging consensus that climate has been changing. This change in the global climate has shown the capacity to threaten several aspects of global, regional and national life, among which is security and agriculture (food security). Thus, in Nigeria, the climate crisis appears to have exposed farmers and herders to frequent conflicts, and because the indigenous farmers grow the locally produced food and the herders, on the other hand, rear most of the animals that serve as meat (particularly beef), any conflict between these two places food security under threat. The study sought to: examine the role of climate change on the heightened farmers-herders conflict in Nigeria; and, explore the implications of climate change impacts on farmers-herders conflicts on Nigeria\u2019s food security. The study was guided by the eco-violence theory, which examines the inter-relationship between environmental changes and possible conflict situations. Data were derived from secondary sources that include journal articles, texts and books. The study established that climate change plays a great role in the frequent violent conflicts that have become a constant in farmer-herders relations in recent years and that these conflicts affect the country\u2019s agricultural output and food security negatively. The study recommends that the Nigerian state should transit from traditional agricultural system to Climate-Smart Agriculture to meet future needs, as well as build modern (public) ranches with the best of technologies in the Sahel region, to discourage nomadic herding.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 407-413\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gospel Nukoaka Lebari, PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ferguson Amaobi Onuegbu, PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Abuja, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sunday Adeniran<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Abuja, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adebayo, P. F., &amp; Ojo, E. O. (2012). Food Security in Nigeria: An Overview. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(2), 199-221.\r\n[2] Adegbola, J., Bamishaiye, E., &amp; Daura, A. (2011). Food security in Nigeria: Government\u2019s Intervention and the Place of Effective Storage. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 1, 56-63.\r\n[3] Aderinto, A. &amp; Achem, V. (2019). A Concentric Approach to Understanding Herders-Farmers Clashes in Benue and Nasarawa States, Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 11(4), 37-42.\r\n[4] Adigun, O.W (2019). A Critical Analysis of the Relationship Between Climate Change, Land Disputes, and the Patterns of Farmers\/Herdsmen&#8217;s Conflicts in Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 15(3), 76-89.\r\n[5] Aliyu, M. K, Ikedinma, H.A &amp; Akinwande, A.E (2018). Assessment of the Effect of Farmers-Herdsmen Conflicts on National Integration in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences, 8(10), 118-128.\r\n[6] Amusan, L., Abegunde, O. &amp; Akinyemi, T.E (2017). Climate Change, Pastoral Migration, Resource Governance and Security: The Grazing Bill Solution to Farmer-Herder Conflict in Nigeria. Environmental Economics, 8(3), 35-45.\r\n[7] Bello, A.U (2013). Herdsmen and Farmers Conflicts in the North-Eastern Nigeria: Causes, Repercussions and Resolutions. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 128-139.\r\n[8] Devereux, S. &amp; Edwards, J. (2004). Climate Change and Food Security, Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 35, 22-30.\r\n[9] FAO. (2008). Climate Change and Food Security: a Framework Document. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.\r\n[10] FAO. (2016). Climate Change and Food Security: Risks and Responses. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Report, 110.\r\n[11] Ibaba, I. S. (2012). Climate Change and the Risk of Violent Conflict in Post-Amnesty Niger Delta: Niger Delta University Publishers Ltd.\r\n[12] Idowu, S.A (2016). Farmers-Herdsmen Conflicts and its Implications on Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Peasant Studies, 2(1), 58-74.\r\n[13] Ifeanyi-Obi, C., Etuk, U., &amp; Jike-Wai, O. (2012). Climate Change, Effects and Adaptation Strategies; Implication for Agricultural Extension System in Nigeria. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 53-60.\r\n[14] Innocent, E.O, Christian, U. &amp; Onuigbo, R.A (2017). Economic Effects of Fulani Herdsmen-Farmers Clashes in Nigeria. Specialty Journal of Politics and Law, 2(1), 1-11.\r\n[15] Jack-Akhigbe, P., &amp; Ikporukpo, I. (2014). Oil Pollution, Climate Change and the Feminization of Poverty in the Niger Delta. Paper Presented at the First National Conference of the Centre for Niger Delta Studies, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, 2nd-3rd December.\r\n[16] Kaddo, J. R. (2016). Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions. Retrieved from http:\/\/spark.parkland.edu\/ah\/164. Accessed 04\/06\/2019.\r\n[17] Kazzah, S. (2018). Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts: It&#8217;s Implication on Food Security and Economic Development in Southern Kaduna 1999-2017. International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities, 5(1), 126-138.\r\n[18] Ladan, S. I. (2014). An Appraisal of Climate Change and Agriculture in Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 7(9), 176-184.\r\n[19] Lebari, G.N (2018). Amorphous Terrorists? The Nigerian State and the Activities of Fulani Herdsmen. Nigerian Journal of Oil and Politics, 3(1), 43-62.\r\n[20] Nzeadibe, T. C., Egbule, C. L., Chukwuone, N. A., &amp; Agu, V. C. (2011). Climate Change Awareness and Adaptation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. African Technology Policy Studies Network, Working Papers, No. 57.\r\n[21] Odoh, S.I &amp; Chigozie, C.F (2012). Climate Change and Conflict in Nigeria: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of the Worsening Incidence of Conflict between Fulani Herdsmen and Farmers in Northern Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(1). 111-124.\r\n[22] Ogundare, W. (2015). Sustainable Food Security: Re-igniting Nigeria&#8217;s Economy via Systems Strengthening. Not Available.\r\n[23] Okoli, A.C &amp; Atelhe, G.A (2014). Nomads Against Natives: A Political Ecology of Herders\/Farmers Conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(2), 76-88.\r\n[24] Okoli, F.C &amp; Addo, H.A (2018). Implicaton of Fulani Herders\/Benue Farmers Crises on Food Security of Benue State of Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research, 2(10), 16-23.\r\n[25] Okoye, A. C. (2014). Climate Change and the Challenges of Millenium Development Goals Attainment in the Niger Delta. Paper Presented at the First National Conference of the Centre for Niger Delta Studies, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, 2nd-3rd December.\r\n[26] Olaniyan, A. &amp; Okeke-Uzodike, U. (2015). Desperate Guests, Unwilling Hosts: Climate Change-Induced Migration and Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Southwestern Nigeria. Conflict Studies Quarterly, 10, 23-40.\r\n[27] Olaniyi, O., Funmilayo, O., &amp; Olutimehin, I. (2014). Review of Climate Change and its Effect on Nigeria Ecosystem. International Journal of Environment and Pollution Research, 2(3), 70-81.\r\n[28] Osagie, C. (2013). &#8220;Fear of Food Insecurity Grips Nigeria.&#8221; Saturday This Day, November, 8, P.24.\r\n[29] Punch Newspaper (January 9, 2018). Benue: Death Toll from Herdsmen, Farmers Clashes Reaches 80. Retrieved from punchng.com\/breaking-death-toll-from-benue-herdersfarmers-clashes-reaches-80\/. Accessed 24\/01\/2020.\r\n[30] Tersoo, I. J., &amp; Ogochukwu, I. J. (2014). The Implication of Climate Change on Food Security in Nigeria. Journal Of Good Governance And Sustainable Development In Africa (jggsda), 2.\r\n[31] UNFCCC (1992). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.\r\n[32] Uyigue, E., &amp; Agho, M. (2007). Coping with climate change and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta of Southern Nigeria. Nigeria: Community Research and Development Centre Nigeria (CREDC), 1, 30.\r\n[33] Zibokere, D. S. (2008). Food Insecurity in the Niger Delta: The Challenges for the Agricultural Engineer. Niger Delta Digest, 1, 28-38.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gospel Nukoaka Lebari, PhD, Ferguson Amaobi Onuegbu, PhD &amp; Sunday Adeniran, &#8220;Climate Change, Farmer-Herders Conflicts and Food Security in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.407-413 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51220<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/407-413.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/climate-change-farmer-herders-conflicts-and-food-security-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Climate Change, Farmer-Herders Conflicts and Food Security in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22391c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c22391c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c223ec2\" data-id=\"c223ec2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c224002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c224002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2240b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2240b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c227b73\" data-id=\"c227b73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c227d72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c227d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c227e3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c227e3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c227fca\" data-id=\"c227fca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2280ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2280ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c228191 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c228191\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c228331\" data-id=\"c228331\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c228464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c228464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22850a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22850a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22865b\" data-id=\"c22865b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c228795 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c228795\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22884a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22884a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2289c0\" data-id=\"c2289c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c228b0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c228b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Civil and TNI Cooperation in Managing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Asep Gunawan, Deni D.A.R, Priyanto, Helda Risman &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 414-419<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c228bd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c228bd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c228d78\" data-id=\"c228d78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c228eb3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c228eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research aim was to obtain empirical and analytical data on substantive and important issues from the implementation of civil-military cooperation in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method and approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies, as well as focus group discussions (FGD). The findings from the study indicate that TNI and Civilian cooperation in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic is quite effective, although there are still obstacles in dealing with natural disasters, in the form of a limited budget, infrastructure, quality of personnel, sectoral ego between agencies, and low public awareness. in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, what needs to be done in collaboration between ministries and related institutions is strengthening coordination, communication, and collaboration on budgets, facilities, personnel embodied in the MoU. The results in this study were also obtained through the compatibility between the ideals built with real conditions in the field which were different from previous studies. This is the novelty resulting from this research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 414-419\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asep Gunawan<\/strong>\r\nIndonesian Defense University student, Total War Strategy study program<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Deni D.A.R<\/strong>\r\nDefense University Lecturer<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Priyanto<\/strong>\r\nDean of the Defense Strategy, Faculty of Defense University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Helda Risman<\/strong>\r\nSecretary of the Defense University, Total War Strategy Study <\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Anwar, Herryal Z. &amp; Hery Harjono.(2013). Achieving the Ideals of a Natural Disaster Resilient Society in Indonesia. Living in Harmony with Nature. Bandung: Andira (IKAPI Member Publisher)\r\n[2] Bappenas and Bakornas Handling Covid-19,(2006) National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2016-2020 Jakarta: Ministry of National Development Planning\/Bappenas\r\n[3] Campbell, Kirk S (2009) Civil-Military Relations and Political Liberalization: a Comparative Study of the Military&#8217;s Corporateness and political values in Egypt, Syria, Turkey and Pakistan. Dissertation Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, the George Washington University, January 2009\r\n[4] Cresswel, John W. (2010) Research Design; Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Approach Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- (2014). Qualitative Research\r\n[5] Ministry of Defense. (2021). Defense Doctrine Book. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Defense\r\n[6] Haryanti, Sindung. (2012) The Spectrum of Social Theory from Classical to Postmodern. Yogyakarta:Ar-Ruzz Media\r\n[7] Huntington, Samuel. (2001) Reforming Civil-Military Relations, in Larry Diamond &amp; Marc F. Plattner (ed.), Civil-Military Relations &amp; Consolidation of Democracy, Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada\r\n[8] In Gennaro. (2015) Democartic Civil Military Relations. Civil-Military Relations in the Era of Indonesian Democracy Jakarta: Pratama\r\n[9] Karyadi, Ngurah. (2005). Towards a Professional TNI, No Business and No Politics (Travel Advocacy for the TNI Bill). Jakarta: Imparsial\r\n[10] Kusumasari, Bevaola. (2014). Disaster Management and Local Government Capabilities. Yogyakarta: Gava Media\r\n[11] Latuconsina, MJ. (2008) Antagonism of Civil-Military Relations in Fiji: Portrait of the military Coup d&#8217;etat against the Civilian government (in hypothesis 2)\r\n[12] Army Headquarters. (2006) Loyal and Keeping Promises and Oaths of Soldiers. Jakarta: Army Headquarters\r\n[13] Makmun and Haziyah. (2020) Natural Covid-19 Handling Management Study (Case: Handling Covid-19 Natural Earthquake and Tsunami in Bengkulu City). Depok: Faculty of Social Sciences Political Science Social Welfare Study Program\r\n[14] Moleong, Lexy J. (2014). Qualitative Research Methods Revised Edition. PT Youth Rosdakarya: Bandung.\r\n[15] Roestiyah. 2008. Teaching and Learning Strategy. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta\r\n[16] Utami, S. D. (2020). Webinar Material. The Effects of the Covid 19 Pandemic on Mental Disorders on the Community and Patients with Covid 19. Friday, May 8, 2020.\r\n[17] Yin, R. K. (2008). Case Study: Design and Method. PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.\r\n[18] Nurjanah, Sugiarto, et all (2012). Disaster Management. Bandung: Alphabeta\r\n[19] Purwanto, Ivan. (2006). Strategic Management Bandung: CV YramA Widya\r\n[20] Sakapurnama, Eko, et all (2012). Opening Information Towards Good Governance. Jakarta: UI Press\r\n[21] Santosa, Pandji. (2012). Public Administration. Theory and Application of Good Governance.Bandung: PT Refika Aditama Seskoad, Persuade Binter.\r\n[22] Setiyono, Budi. (2014) Public Sector Governance and Management. Current state management principles. Jakarta: PT. Fun Books\r\n[23] Siagian, Sondang P. (2007). Development Administration. Concepts, Dimensions, and Strategies. Jakarta: Earth Literacy\r\n[24] Sugiyono, (2015). Understanding Qualitative Research.Bandung: CV Alfabeta (2014). Combined Research Methods (Mixed Methods) Bandung: Alfabeta\r\n[25] Supriyatno, Makmur. (2014). About Defense Science. Jakarta: Obor Library Foundation\r\n[26] Dictionary Center Compilation Team.(2007) Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) Edition -3 4th Edition Yogyakarta : Balai Pustaka\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Asep Gunawan, Deni D.A.R, Priyanto, Helda Risman &#8220;Civil and TNI Cooperation in Managing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.414-419 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/414-419.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/414-419.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/civil-and-tni-cooperation-in-managing-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Civil and TNI Cooperation in Managing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22d14d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c22d14d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22d230 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22d230\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22d3e6\" data-id=\"c22d3e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22d52a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22d52a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22d5fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22d5fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22d773\" data-id=\"c22d773\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22d89e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22d89e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22d944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22d944\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22daa4\" data-id=\"c22daa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22dd85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22dd85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22deb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22deb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22e125\" data-id=\"c22e125\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22e3f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22e3f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22e50f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22e50f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22e826\" data-id=\"c22e826\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22e96b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22e96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22ecb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22ecb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22f280\" data-id=\"c22f280\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22f4e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22f4e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22f5cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22f5cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22f75e\" data-id=\"c22f75e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22f8c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22f8c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Islamic Assessment of the Effects of Alcoholism on the Muslim Drunkards in Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Abdullahi Adamu Sulaiman, Dr. Aliyu Umar, Dr. Yahya Sulaiman- January 2022- Page No.: 420-436<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c22f97c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c22f97c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c231f4f\" data-id=\"c231f4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c232158 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c232158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nAlcohol is undoubtedly harmful and adversely affects the mind and the body. It beclouds the mind, causes diseases, wastes money and destroys individuals, families and communities. Researchers have proven that there is a strong link between alcohol and gambling. Alcohol creates enmity and hatred between people, prevents them from remembering Allah (SWT) and distracts them from praying, and calls them to participate in unlawful relationships. The aim of this study is eliminate or reduce to the barest minimum the intake of alcohol in Nasarawa State particularly among the Muslim youth. The study asks the following questions: what is the perception, extent of consumption, effects and the remedy to alcohol consumption among the Muslim drunkards in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Consequently, with problems of such magnitude, it is clear that even the most effective treatment programs for alcohol dependence cannot possibly constitute an adequate response. The methodology of the study is the use of questionnaires to collect data. Moreover, treatment approaches have had only limited success in this field, and there is much concern at present about their cost-effectiveness even when they are successful. In the light of all these considerations and being the first study ever conducted that covers the whole Nasarawa state in Nigeria, it appears inescapable that the major focus of efforts to reduce alcohol related problems must be on the area of primary prevention which had been unequivocally advocated by Islam over 1400 years ago.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 420-436\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Abdullahi Adamu Sulaiman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Aliyu Umar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Yahya Sulaiman<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAl-Qadarawi, Y. The Lawful and Prohibited in Islam, Lagos: Al Tawheed Publishing Company, 1969. \r\n[2]\tAnonymous, \u201cAlcohol and its Effects on Health\u201d. Accessed 05\/05\/2012 from www.oup.com\/uk\/orc\/bin.pdf\r\n[3]\tBabbie, E. R, Survey Research Method. Wadswarth Publishing Company: California, 1973, \r\n[4]\tBabor, T et al. Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity. World Health Organization and Oxford University Press, 2004. \t\r\n[5]\tDoi, Abdurrahman I. Shariah: the Islamic Law, Kaula Lumpur: A. S. Noordeed Publishers, 2007.  \t\r\n[6]\tGreenFacts, Scientific Facts on Alcohol, 2006, P. 3. Accessed 05\/05\/2012 from www.greenfacts.org\/en\/alcohol\/alcohol-greenfacts.pdf. Imam Abu Dawud, S. A. Sunan Abu Dawud, Beirut: Dar al Fikr, nd\r\n[7]\tImam Al-Bukhari, Muhammad IbnIsmai\u201fl. The Translation of the Meanings of SahihalBukhari. New Delhi: KitabBhavan, 1984. \r\n[8]\tImam Muslim I. H, Sahih Muslim, Muhammad Ashraf (Trans) vol. III, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1978. \r\n[9]\tInstitute of Alcohol Studies, \u201cAlcohol: Price, Legal Availability and Expenditure\u201d, 2007, Accessed 06\/05\/2012 from www.ias.org.uk\/resources\/factsheets\/price_availability International Guide for Monitoring Alcohol Consumption and Related Harm. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000 (Document WHO\/MSD\/MSB\/00.4). \r\n[10]\tLarousse I. L, the New Webster\u2019s Dictionary of English Language, USA: American Publishing Press, 1997. \t\t\r\n[11]\tLemu, A. B, Islamic Studies for Senior Secondary Schools, Book 3, Minna: Islamic Education Trust, 1990. \r\n[12]\tWHO, \u201cPublic Health Problems of Alcohol Consumption in the Region of Eastern Mediterranean\u201d, Technical Paper EM\/RC53\/4 Presented at the 53rd Session as Agenda 8 (a), 2006.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Abdullahi Adamu Sulaiman, Dr. Aliyu Umar, Dr. Yahya Sulaiman, &#8220;Islamic Assessment of the Effects of Alcoholism on the Muslim Drunkards in Nasarawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.420-436 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/420-436.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/420-436.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/islamic-assessment-of-the-effects-of-alcoholism-on-the-muslim-drunkards-in-nasarawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Islamic Assessment of the Effects of Alcoholism on the Muslim Drunkards in Nasarawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c232f9d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c232f9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c233077 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c233077\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2331fb\" data-id=\"c2331fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23332d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c23332d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2333d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2333d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c233532\" data-id=\"c233532\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23364e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c23364e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2339fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2339fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c233bb7\" data-id=\"c233bb7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c233cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c233cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c233d96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c233d96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c233eea\" data-id=\"c233eea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c233ffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c233ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c23409d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c23409d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c23e412\" data-id=\"c23e412\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23e5b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c23e5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c23e68d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c23e68d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c23e81c\" data-id=\"c23e81c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c23e94b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c23e94b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c23e9fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c23e9fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c240c48\" data-id=\"c240c48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c240e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c240e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Curriculum Implementation in Zambia: Best Practices of Bridging the Gap between the Intended and the Achieved School Curriculum<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Robert Changwe &#038; Christine Mwanza- January 2022- Page No.: 437-443<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c240f18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c240f18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c241109\" data-id=\"c241109\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24124f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c24124f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nCurriculum implementation is part and parcel of the curriculum development process. When curriculum developers intend to develop a curriculum, they are expected to put in place ways and means of having it implemented. Once this is ignored, all the good efforts and aspirations of curriculum developers as well as of the general public risk being wasted and misrepresented.  Therefore, a very good curriculum is worthless if it cannot bring about the results of what it was intended for.  Based on studies that have been done both locally and internationally, the authors of this paper attempted to give an analysis of barriers that may render a well-developed curriculum useless if appropriate remedies or simply best practices of bridging the gap between the intended and achieved curriculum are neglected in the education system of the country. Due to several impediments to the effective implementation of the school curriculum, it was recommended that the Zambian government needed to put in place best practices that would improve the quality of Zambian education by providing adequate funding to the education sector and this will in turn lead to the country\u2019s economic development. There was also a need for the Ministry of General Education to consider improving; the quality and quantity of the teaching staff, availability of school facilities and equipment as well as ensuring that time is appropriately managed for the good management of the curriculum. \r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 437-443\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6127<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Robert Changwe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education, P. O Box 32379, Lusaka, ZAMBIA\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christine Mwanza <\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education, P. O Box 32379, Lusaka, ZAMBIA\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tBishop, G. (1985). Curriculum Development: A Textbook for Students. London: The Macmillan \tPress.\r\n[2]\tChangwe, R. (2017). Effectiveness of the Mathematics Teacher Education Curriculum at the University of Zambia in Preparing Secondary School Teachers of Mathematics. Masters Dissertation. The University of Zambia.\r\n[3]\tChangwe, R. &#038; Mulenga, C. L. (2020). Teaching and Learning Resources and Teachers for the Implementation of Computer Studies Curriculum in Selected Public Primary Schools in Ndola District of Zambia. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(10), 97-118.\r\n[4]\tChangwe, R. Mulenga, I. M. (2018). Mathematics Teacher Education Curriculum at a University in Zambia: Student Teachers\u2019 Acquisition of Appropriate Competencies for Teaching Mathematics in Secondary School. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education. 1(1), 207-242. \r\n[5]\tFullan, M. &#038; Pomfert, A. (1977). Research on Curriculum and Instruction Implementation. Review \tof Educational Research, 47(1), 335-397. http:\/\/www.ibe.unesco.org\/en\/glossary-curriculum-terminology\/i\/intended-curriculum.\r\n[6]\tKelly, M. J. (1999). The Development of Education in Zambia. Lusaka: Image Publishers Limited. \r\n[7]\tMinistry of Education. (1992). Focus on Learning. Lusaka: Government Printer.\r\n[8]\tMkandawire, S. B. (2010). Impediments (challenges) to Curriculum Implementation in Learning Institutions. Retrieved from https:\/\/sitwe.wordpress.com\/2010\/12\/103\/challenges-of-curriculum-impediments-in-learning-institutions\/ on 20\/08\/19.\r\n[9]\tMulenga, I. M. (2018). Conceptualisation and Definition of a Curriculum. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. 2(2), 1-23.\r\n[10]\tMulenga, I. M. &#038; Kabombwe, Y. M. (2019). A Competency-Based Curriculum for Zambian Primary and Secondary Schools: Learning from Theory and some Countries around the World. International Journal of Education Research. 7(2), 117-130. \r\n[11]\tMulenga, I. M. &#038; Lubasi, I. M. (2019). Teachers Present in School but Absent in Class: Utilisation and \u2018Silent Erosion\u2019 of Learning Time in the Implementation of the Curriculum in Mongu District of Zambia. European Journal of Education Studies. 6(2), 61-79. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.2678061. \r\n[12]\tMusilekwa, S. &#038; Mulenga, I. M. (2019). Development of Social Studies Learners\u2019 Textbooks for Secondary Schools in Zambia. Journal of Education and Practice. 10 (6), 99-108. Doi:10.7176\/JEP.\r\n[13]\tMwanza, C. (2017). Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development in Zambia: A role Analysis of Selected School Teachers in Lusaka District. Lusaka province, Zambia. Masters Dissertation. The University of Zambia.\r\n[14]\tMwanza, C. &#038; Changwe, R. (2020). Teacher Collaboration in Curriculum Design Teams: Prospects and Challenges in the Zambian Education System. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education. 3(1), (pub. 20.02.2020), 181-204. \r\n[15]\tNkosha, D. C. &#038; Mwanza, P. (2009). Quality of Basic Education Provided by Rural Community \tand Regular Schools in the Northern Province of Zambia. Journal of International cooperation in Education, 12(1), 19-32.\r\n[16]\tOgula, P.  A. (1998).  A Handbook on Curriculum Development.  Nairobi:  New Kemit Publishers. \r\n[17]\tOkello, V. and Kagoire, M. A. (1996). Makerere University Curriculum Studies Module. Kampala: Bezatel Design Studies. \r\n[18]\tOmondi, M. P. (2014). Factors Influencing the Implementation of Curriculum in Public \tPrimary Schools in Ukwala Division of Siaya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Press.\r\n[19]\tPrint, M. (1993). Curriculum Development and Design (2nd Edition). Sydney: Allen &#038; Unwin Pty Ltd. \r\n[20]\tShiundu, J. S. &#038; Omulando, S. J. (1992). Curriculum: Theory and Practice in Kenya. Nairobi:  \tOxford University Press.\r\n[21]\tSibulwa, C. M. (1996). Selected Reading Materials and Notes. EAP 111 Batch 3. Lusaka:      Directorate of Distance Education. \r\n[22]\tTanner, D. &#038; Tanner, L. N. (1980). Curriculum Development: Theory into Practice. New York: Macmillan. \r\n[23]\tWanjiru, J. (2008). Factors Influencing Effective Implementation of Curriculum in Kamkunji Kenya. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Press. Zambia Daily Mail, 27th March, 2017. \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Robert Changwe &#038; Christine Mwanza, &#8220;Curriculum Implementation in Zambia: Best Practices of Bridging the Gap between the Intended and the Achieved School Curriculum&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.437-443 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6127<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/437-443.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/curriculum-implementation-in-zambia-best-practices-of-bridging-the-gap-between-the-intended-and-the-achieved-school-curriculum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Curriculum Implementation in Zambia: Best Practices of Bridging the Gap between the Intended and the Achieved School Curriculum<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2423fd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2423fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2424f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2424f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c242690\" data-id=\"c242690\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2427e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2427e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2428a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2428a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c242a13\" data-id=\"c242a13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c242b2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c242b2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c242bcf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c242bcf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c242d23\" data-id=\"c242d23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c242e3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c242e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c242edd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c242edd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c243022\" data-id=\"c243022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c243172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c243172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c243221 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c243221\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24336f\" data-id=\"c24336f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2434cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2434cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c243583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c243583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24bcdb\" data-id=\"c24bcdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24be3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24be3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24bf0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24bf0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24c0aa\" data-id=\"c24c0aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24c1d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24c1d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Vigilance against Biological Weapons and War Crimes, 2000-2010<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong> Dhiah Ayu Duwi Wahyuni, Sutrimo Sumarlan, I Wayan Midhio- January 2022- Page No.: 444-447<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24c28c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24c28c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24c409\" data-id=\"c24c409\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24c53e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c24c53e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe rapid development of technology has both positive and negative impacts in the field of defense. With the rapid development a country is required to update or upgrade its defense system in order to keep up with the development of the world. The study discusses how the state&#8217;s vigilance efforts in the face of weapons and war crimes. In this study using qualitative descriptive methods. According to Sugiono descriptive method is research that describes a state or object that is studied as is according to the situation and conditions at the time of peelitian. The research approach used to facilitate this research is a statutory approach commonly called the Statute Approach,as well as data collection by conducting library research and online search through sites relevant to the topic studied(online search). Biologicalweapons are one of the real threats that since World War I and until now there is no clarity. Setting sanctions for violating countries, the establishment of bilogi weapons control agencies is a necessity, considering that many countries have laboratories that are deliberately made for research. Arrangements or through agreements made to override the principle of state sovereignty for states indicated to intentionally use or even deploy such biological weapons.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 444-447\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dhiah Ayu Duwi Wahyuni <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProgram in Universal War Strategy, Faculty of Defense Strategy, Defense University \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sutrimo Sumarlan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProgram in Universal War Strategy, Faculty of Defense Strategy, Defense University \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> I Wayan Midhio <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProgram in Universal War Strategy, Faculty of Defense Strategy, Defense University \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\nAbdullah, P. M. (2015). Living in the world that is fit for habitation\u202f: CCI\u2019s ecumenical and religious relationships. In Aswaja Pressindo.\r\n[2].\tBiological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa &#8211; Volume 8, Number 9\u2014September 2002 &#8211; Emerging Infectious Disease journal &#8211; CDC. (n.d.). http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/8\/9\/01-0536_article\r\n[3].\tImara, F. A., Aritonang, S., Pane, M., Studi, P., Pertahanan, I., &#038; Pertahanan, U. (n.d.). Analisis upaya strategis menghadapi ancaman antraks sebagai senjata biologi strategic analysis combating anthrax as biological weapon threat. 1\u201316.\r\n[4].\tInternational Committee of the Red Cross. (1949). The Geneva Conventions of 12 august 1949. August, 224.\r\n[5].\tLinnan, D. K. (2008). Enemy combatants, terrorism, and armed conflict law\u202f: A guide to the issues. 400.\r\n[6].\tProject of an International Declaration Concerning the Laws and Customs of War, Adopted by the Conference of Brussels, August 27, 1874. (1907). American Journal of International Law, 1(S2), 96\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2212371\r\n[7].\tRiyanto, J. (2017). Kewaspadaan Nasional , Bela Negara dan Integrasi Nasional. Majalah Wira, Puskom Publik Kemhan, 67(51), 1\u201382. https:\/\/www.kemhan.go.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/wiraJuli-Agustus2017.pdf\r\n[8].\tSuharyanto. (2018). No Title. Senjata Biologis\u202f: Pengertian, Contoh, Fungsi. https:\/\/dosenbiologi.com\/manusia\/senjata-biologis\r\n[9].\tThe Hidden Weapon, Senjata Biologis Halaman all &#8211; Kompasiana. (n.d.).\r\n[10].\tUnited Nations Publications. (2017). The Biological Weapons Convention: An Introduction. 01\u201347.\r\n[11].\tWeight, G., Petersburg, S., &#038; December, N. (1868). Declaration Renouncing the Use , in Time of War , of Explosive Projectiles Under. December, 1868.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Dhiah Ayu Duwi Wahyuni, Sutrimo Sumarlan, I Wayan Midhio, &#8220;Vigilance against Biological Weapons and War Crimes, 2000-2010&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.444-447 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/444-447.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/444-447.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/vigilance-against-biological-weapons-and-war-crimes-2000-2010\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Vigilance against Biological Weapons and War Crimes, 2000-2010<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24d36f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c24d36f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24d446 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24d446\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24dc12\" data-id=\"c24dc12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24dd1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24dd1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24ddbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24ddbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24df0b\" data-id=\"c24df0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24e01b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24e01b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24e0b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24e0b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24e217\" data-id=\"c24e217\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c24e346 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c24e346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24e3f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24e3f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c24e541\" data-id=\"c24e541\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c251569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c251569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c251654 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c251654\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c251803\" data-id=\"c251803\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25193a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c25193a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Empirical Study of Training and Development as a Pathway to Leadership<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ONASANYA Opeyemi O. &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 448-455<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2519e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2519e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c251b6e\" data-id=\"c251b6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c251ca7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c251ca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Training and development is a very key function of Human resources, it has been noted to be a pathway to leadership in all spheres of life. The objective of this study is to establish the fact that Training and Development is a stepping stone or pathway to attaining leadership. The specific objectives assessed how impactful training and development is to employee\u2019s performance and also examined the relationship between training\/development and leadership. Primary data was gathered from a sample population of 219 out of which a sample size of 141 was determined using Yamane 1967 formula. The data analysis\/ research instrument used was descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Findings show that despite the fund expended on employees for training and development, job security is not guaranteed. Other competing firms not knowing how an employee acquire a particular skill lures them with good pay and other fringe benefits just to have them in their own organization. In conclusion, employers are encouraged to provide job security and a good succession plan for employee the same way they are interested in training and developing them. It was recommended that employers should not spend their funds on training and developing employees only to lose them to competitors, therefore, employees should be prepared for greater responsibilities after training and development for a good succession plan.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 448-455\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ONASANYA Opeyemi O.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPh.D student of Human Resources Management, Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAlderfer, C. (1989). Theories reflecting my personal experience and life dent. The journal os applied behaviour science, 25(4), 351. Retrieved from http:\/\/jab.sagepub.com\/\r\n[2]\tLocke, E. A. (1968). Towards a theory of task motivation and incentives: Organizational behaviour and human performance. Volume 3, Issue 2, pages 157-189\r\n[3]\tHersberg, F. (1959). The Motivation to Work: New York. John, Willey.\r\n[4]\tKnowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (3rd Ed.). Houston: Gulf Publishing.\r\n[5]\tLeadership Theories. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/leadership\/leadership-types-importance-and-theories-with-diagram\/60314\r\n[6]\tVroom, V. H., Deci, E. L. (1970). Management and Motivation. Pengium 1983\r\n[7]\tMaslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-96.\r\n[8]\tMcgregor, D. (1960). The Human Side of the Enterprise, New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.\r\n[9]\tMiller, G.A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.\r\n[10]\tOladele, O. Human Resources Management in Nigeria. Pp 65-78 TETF\/DESS\/UNI\/OYE-EKITI\/AMB\/14-15\/2\r\n[11]\tQualities of a good leader. Retrieved from (https:\/\/www.managementstudyguide.com\/qualities_of_a_leader.htm)\r\n[12]\tRogers &#038; Tausch, R. (2013) On Becoming an Effective Teacher\u2014Person-centred Teaching, Psychology, Philosophy, and Dialogues, ISBN 978-0-415-81698-4\r\n[13]\tTheories of Training and Development. (2013) Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mbaknol.com\/human-resource-management\/four-major-theories-of-training-and-development\/\r\n[14]\tTraining Definition. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.yourarticlelibrary.com\/human-resource-development\/training-meaning-definition-and-types-of-training\r\n[15]\tTraining and Development Theories. (2019). Retrieved from https:\/\/mainuddinbd.com\/types-of-learning-theories-in-training-and-development\/\r\n[16]\tVroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation: New York: John Wiley &#038; Sons.\r\n[17]\tYamane, T. (1967). Statistics, an Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ONASANYA Opeyemi O., &#8220;An Empirical Study of Training and Development as a Pathway to Leadership&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.448-455 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/448-455.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/448-455.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-empirical-study-of-training-and-development-as-a-pathway-to-leadership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Empirical Study of Training and Development as a Pathway to Leadership<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c252ad5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c252ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c252ba6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c252ba6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c252d41\" data-id=\"c252d41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c252e6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c252e6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c252f0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c252f0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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data-id=\"c25325d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2533be\" data-id=\"c2533be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2534c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2534c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c253564 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c253564\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2536ae\" data-id=\"c2536ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2537bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2537bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25385a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25385a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2539e0\" data-id=\"c2539e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c253b06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c253b06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25d2be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25d2be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c25d507\" data-id=\"c25d507\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25d661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c25d661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25d726 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25d726\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c25d8be\" data-id=\"c25d8be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25d9e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c25d9e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Governance, Ethnicity, and Response to Conflicts: Deficit to Sustainable Development in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Osondu Chukwudi Solomon &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 456-462<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25da9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25da9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c25dc38\" data-id=\"c25dc38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25dd77 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c25dd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nigeria has never been more divided in its history along ethnic and religious lines than it is today. Not even in the period preceding the Nigeria-Biafra war was Nigeria faced with the level of internal dysfunction, disorder, fear and real challenge to the continued existence of the country as it is presently constituted. Internal conflicts have spread to areas hitherto believed to be insulated, the Nigeria Middle Belt or the North Central Nigeria. The current situation has raised ethnic and religious tensions, and internal security concerns to an unprecedented and unpredictable level. There seems to be a general feeling that anything can happen any time to the Nigeria project. For over a decade, the menace of the Islamist terrorism has crippled economic and social activities in the North Eastern part of Nigeria. Currently, the activities of the Fulani Herders, especially in the North Central Nigeria or the Middle Belt, pose grave danger to the future of Nigeria. Most of the states of the North Central Nigeria form the food basket of the country. The Fulani Herders have killed thousands of farmers and sacked many farming towns and communities. These activities have shown to pose serious danger to sustainable development and indeed the corporate existence of Nigeria. But the government weak response to these recent coordinated attacks by the Fulani herders against the Tivs and other ethnic groups in the Middle Belt states who are mostly Christians tends to accentuate an ethno-religious perceptions of government bias in favour of the Fulani Herders who incidentally are Muslims. The conflicts, the government lack-lustre responses, and the perceptions of the various ethno-religious groups at the receiving end of these conflicts, constitute sure setbacks to national development. This paper, therefore, interrogates the Nigerian Government\u2019s response to conflicts in some parts of the country and concludes that these responses tend to justify the perception that the government is pursuing an ethno-religious agenda. The paper goes on to further hold that current situation is a deficit to sustainable development in the short run, and the continued existence of Nigeria in the long run. It finally tries to make recommendations on actions that may reinvigorate the Nigeria project and enhance sustainable development. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 456-462\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Osondu Chukwudi Solomon<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State \u2013 Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAdebayo, A.A. (2014). \u201cImplications of Boko Haram Terrorism on National Development in Nigeria: A Critical View,\u201d Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, Rome, Italy, Vol. 5 (6), 480 \u2013 489.\r\n[2]\tAfinotan, L.A and Ojakorotu Victor (2009). \u201cThe Niger Delta crisis: Issues, challenges and prospects\u201d.African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Vol. 3 (5), pp. 191-198. Accessed 20\/06\/2018. Available at http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/AJPSIR\r\n[3]\tAgagu, A.A. (2008). \u201cEffects of the oil industry on the Environment and The Future of the Niger Delta of Nigeria.\u201d Department of Political Science, University of Ado-Ekiti. Conference Compilation 59-78.\r\n[4]\tAgbu, O. (2004) \u201cRe-inventing Federalism in Post-Transition Nigeria: Problems and Prospects\u201d, Africa Development, Vol. XXIX, No.2.\r\n[5]\tAhmad, M. (06 March 2015). \u201cJonathan politicizing Boko Haram, Chibok girls\u2019 abduction \u2014 Senator.\u201d Premium Times. Available at: https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/178062-jonathan-politicizing-boko-haram-chibok-girls-abduction-senator.html. Accessed: 06 January 2022 \r\n[6]\tAkinyetun, T. S. (2016). \u201cStaff to Gun: Fulani Herdsmen in Nigeria\u201d Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(8), 38-44 \r\n[7]\tAniche and Ngwu, 2019. \u201cHerdsmen and Farmers Conflicts in Nigeria: The Implications for Social Work Practice\u201d. Available at: http:\/\/eprints.gouni.edu.ng\/2154\/1\/Conflict_between_farmer_and__haerdsmen-4%5B1%5D.pdf.  Accesses: 03 September 2021\r\n[8]\tBuchanan-Clarke, S., Knoope, P., &#038; Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (South Africa). (2017). The Boko Haram insurgency: From short term gains to long term solutions. Cape Town: The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation.\r\n[9]\tCourson, E. (2006). \u201cOdi Revisited? Oil and State Violence in Odioma,Brass LGA, Bayelsa State\u201d. Economies of Violence, Working Paper, 1, 3.\r\n[10]\tEkwueme, A. C. and Ugwuanyi, U. S. (2018). \u201cAnalysis of Online Reactions to the Proscription of IPOB as Terrorist Organization\u201d. Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE; Political Science, Volume 18 Issue 2 \r\n[11]\tHutchful, E. (2002). Security, Law and Order. Journal of Africa Development, Senegal: Codesria.\r\n[12]\tIbrahim, J. and Bala, S. (2018). \u201cCivilian-Led Governance and Security in Nigeria after Boko Haram.\u201d  United States Institute of Peace Special Report 438. Available at:https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-12\/sr_437_civilian_led_governance_and_security_in_nigeria_0.pdf Accessed 04 January 2022.\r\n[13]\tInternational Crisis Group (2017) \u201cHerders against Farmers:  Nigeria\u2019s Expanding Deadly Conflict\u201d Africa Report N\u00b0252. Available at: https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/west-africa\/nigeria\/252. Accessed 20\/06\/2018\r\n[14]\tInternational Crisis Group (2018). \u201cStopping Nigeria\u2019s Spiralling Farmer-Herder Violence\u201d. Africa Report N\u00b0262. Available at: https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/africa\/west-africa\/nigeria\/262. Accessed: 20\/06\/2018\r\n[15]\tJatto, A.A, 2017. \u201cContemporaneity War Artefacts of Fulani Herdsmen: Mapping Behavioural Footprints, Weapons used and Communities Vulnerable to Attacks in Nigeria\u201d CARD International Journal of Social Sciences and Conflict Management. Volume 2(3) pp.203-246. Available at: Accessed: 02 January 2021\r\n[16]\tMohammed Alhaji Adamu, Abdulmutallib A. Abubakar, and Ahmad Abubakar  \u201cCrisis Management in Information Age: Analysis of President Jonathan\u2019s\r\n[17]\tNtamu, G.U. et al. (2013). \u201cReligion! A Curse or a Blessing for National integration and development in Nigeria: Boko Haram in Perspective.\u201d Journal of Sociological Research; Vol. 4 No. 1\r\n[18]\tNzeagwu, U. and Adewale M. (2019). \u201c18 pro-Biafra groups dismiss Feb 23 elections\u201d. The Guardian Newspaper. Available at: https:\/\/guardian.ng\/news\/18-pro-biafra-groups-dismiss-feb-23-elections\/. Accessed: 06 June 2020\r\n[19]\tOgbonna A. (2017). \u201cIPOB not a terrorist organisation \u2013 US Govt\u201d. Available at: https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2017\/09\/ipob-not-a-terrorist-organisation-us-govt\/ Accessed 19\/07\/2018.\r\n[20]\tOjakorotu, V. (ed.) (2009). Fresh dimensions on the Niger Delta crisis of Nigeria: Part of the conflict and development series (Delray Beach \u2013 JAPSS Press), Available at: http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1394982. Accessed 29\/10\/2016\r\n[21]\tOjakorotu, Victor. (2009, (Editor) Contending Issues in the Niger Delta Crisis of Nigeria. JAPSS Press, Inc. Bangkok.\r\n[22]\tOluyemi, O.A. (2020). \u201cThe Military Dimension of Niger Delta Crisis and Its Implications on Nigeria National Security\u201d. SAGE Open. Available at: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244020922895.Accessed 02 January 2022. 1-13\r\n[23]\tOsondu, Chukwudi (2010). \u201cHuman Security, Peace and development in Nigeria,\u201d International Bi-Lingual Journal of Anti-Corruption, Law, Humanities, Social Sciences and Development Studies, Volume 1, Number 2: 97 \u2013 100.\r\n[24]\tOsondu, Chukwudi (2015). \u201cConflict, Insecurity and Sustainable Development in Africa: the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria\u201d. A Paper presented at the Africa Conference held at the University of Texas in Austin Ma 2015.\r\n[25]\tPremium Times (11 March 2015). Chibok Girls\u2019 Abduction: Jonathan campaign insists Gov. Shettima is Culpable\u201d. Available at: https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/top-news\/178276-chibok-girls-abduction-jonathan-campaign-insists-gov-shettima-is-culpable.html. Accessed: 06 January 2022\r\n[26]\tRoe, P. (2005). Ethnic Violence and the Societal Security Dilemma. London: Routledge\r\n[27]\tSoyombo, F. (2017). \u201cAvengers and herdsmen are saints, but IPOB and the rest of us areTerrorists\u201d Sahara Reporters. 25 September 2017. Available on: www.saharareporters.com\/2017\/09\/25\/avengers-andherdsmen-are-saints-ipob-and-rest-of-us-are-terrorists-\u2018fisayo-soyombo\/. Accessed 04 January 2022.   \r\n[28]\tTaureck, R. (2006).  \u201cSecuritization Theory and Securitization Studies\u201d.  Journal of International Relations and Development, (9) 53-61.  Available at http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1057\/palgrave.jird.1800072.  Accessed 13\/6\/2011.  \r\n[29]\tUbhenin, O. (2013). \u201cThe Federal Government\u2019s Amnesty Programme in The Niger-Delta: An Appraisal.\u201d Researchgate, 11(21): 179-203. Available at: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/299561024_The_Federal_Government&#8217;s_Amnesty_Programme_in_the_Niger_Delta_An_Appraisal\/references. Accessed: 30 December 2021.  \r\n[30]\tUchendu, Egodi. (2004) \u201cReligion and Nation-Building in Nigeria.\u201d Nigeria Heritage, 13, 132 \u2013 144.\r\n[31]\tWalker, A. (2012) \u201cWhat Is Boko Haram?\u201d Special Report. United States Institute of Peace. Available at https:\/\/www.usip.org\/sites\/default\/files\/SR308.pdf Accessed 22\/06\/2018\r\n[32]\tWilliams, M. C. (2003). \u201cWords, images, enemies: Securitization and international politics.\u201d International Studies Quarterly 47 (4): 511-529\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Osondu Chukwudi Solomon &#8220;Governance, Ethnicity, and Response to Conflicts: Deficit to Sustainable Development in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.456-462 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/456-462.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/governance-ethnicity-and-response-to-conflicts-deficit-to-sustainable-development-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Governance, Ethnicity, and Response to Conflicts: Deficit to Sustainable Development in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25ecc4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25f888 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25f888\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c25f9e9\" data-id=\"c25f9e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25fb30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c25fb30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25fbd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25fbd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c25fd4e\" data-id=\"c25fd4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c25fe68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c25fe68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c25ff11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c25ff11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26005f\" data-id=\"c26005f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c260169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c260169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c260453 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c260453\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c260667\" data-id=\"c260667\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c266db6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c266db6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Study Skills on Low Academic Self-Concept among Secondary School Students of Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chinyere Catherine Ngwakwe and Lydia I. Dabo- January 2022- Page No.: 463-471<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c266f6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c266f6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c267195\" data-id=\"c267195\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26732d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c26732d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis paper investigated the effect of study skills on low academic self-concept among secondary school students in Gombe local government area. One research question was posed and one hypothesis formulated to guide the study. The design of the study is experimental research design. The population of the students with low academic self-concept is 1110. The sample of the study is 32 students which were selected through purposive sampling technique. Academic self-concept survey scale instrument was used for data collection. The data collected was analysed using mean and standard deviation while the null hypothesis was tested using analysis of co-variance at 0.05 level of significance. From the findings it was revealed that study skills is effective in enhancing academic performance of secondary school students and also there is significant difference in the post-testmean score of students treated with study skills and those of the control group. With this it was recommended that study skills technique should be adopted by school counsellors and other allied professionals as an effective treatment technique in enhancing academic self-concept of secondary school students and enhancing academic achievement, self-concept and  mental health in school setting among others.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 463-471\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chinyere Catherine Ngwakwe <\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lydia I. Dabo<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAbiodun, D. (2014). Technology for Institutional enrollment, communication and Student Success. New Direction for Student Service, 124, 10311doi:10.1002\/22.298.\r\n[2]\tAdeola, A. O. &#038;Adedipe, V. O.  (2013). Coping skills used in the Treatment of Test Anxious Student. Nigerian Journal of Education Psychology 2 (1). Retrieved 14tg April 2014, from www.ajaol.infd.\r\n[3]\tAdepuju, J. (2004). Poor Study of Mathematic in Schools. Inaugural lecture Universities of Lagos, Lagos State. Publish in- the Guardians  July 15 2004.\r\n[4]\tBarker, K. L., Dowson, M., &#038;McCoach, D. M. (2012). Effects betweenmotivational goals, academic self-concept and academic achievement: What is thecausal ordering? Paper presented at the Australian Association of Education Research (AARE): Sydney. Available from: wwwaare.edu.au\/05pap\/bar05373.pdf (Accessed May 21st 2015).\r\n[5]\tCharles-Ogan, G. (2018). Study Skills Assessment among Undergraduate Students at a Private University College in Oman. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (2), 139-145. \r\n[6]\tCooley, K (2008). Ethnic difference in the measurement of academic self-concept in Africa samples American and European-American College Students. Educational Measurement 63-707-722.\r\n[7]\tDeDonno, M.A., Fagan, J.F. (2013). The Influence of Family Attributes on College Students\u2019 Academic Self-concept. North American Journal of Psychology, 15, (1), 49-62.\r\n[8]\tEllis, A. (1956). The practice of rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy: feeling better, getting better, staying better, the myth of self esteem. New York: impact Publishers.\r\n[9]\tEllis, A. (2007). The Reason and Emotions in Psychotherapy. New York: Lyce and Stuart.\r\n[10]\tErgene, T. (2013). Effect interventions on test reduction. www.amtaa.org\/res\/ergene.pdf  retrieved on 5th May, 2017 \r\n[11]\tErob, R. S. &#038; North, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 607-619.\r\n[12]\tFraizier, A.D. (2009). Academic self-concept and possible selves of high ability, African American males attending a specialized school for gifted and talented high school students.Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.nd\/ltd.org\/service provider\/scirusetd search4\/04\/5on 26th Feb, 2017.\r\n[13]\tGreg, W.N. (2013). Culture Conglomerates: Consolidation in the motion picture and television Industries. Rowman and Littlefield Publisher.\r\n[14]\tHarrington, H. &#038; Harrington, C. (2006). Research and theory to reach all learners. Retrieved on 15th Jan 2018 from: www.ideas.respec.org\r\n[15]\tJaiswal, S. K.&#038;Choudhuri, R. (2017). Academic self concept and academic achievement of secondary school students. American Journal of Educational Research, 5 (10), 1108-1113. \r\n[16]\tJumoh, C.S. (2013). Status of social media use of among Medical Students in Delta State University http:\/\/www.ICT\/492308\/ABSTRACTS. Retrieved 04\/11\/16.\r\n[17]\tKiztik, B. (2010). Effective Study Skills. Retrieved Feb 22nd 2016, from http:\/\/www.Adprima. com.studvoutcome.html.\r\n[18]\tMaduekwe, A. N. (2009). Research Procedure in Education: A Practical Guide.Punmark Nigeria Limited. (Educational Publisher).\r\n[19]\tMarsh, H. W., &#038; Martin, A. J. (2011). Academic self-concept and academic achievement: Relations and causal ordering. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 59-77\r\n[20]\tMiguel, O. E. (2015). Influence of study skills on academic performance of international college students. Higher Education Studies, 5 (4), 216-228.\r\n[21]\tNneji, S. O. &#038;Udaba, C. U. (2017). Study skills as a predator of secondary school performance in mathematics. Gombe Journal of Education, 3 (1), 184-197. \r\n[22]\tObioma, G. O. (2016). An Evaluation of Students Performance in the Mathematics Component of the West African School Certificate Examination. (Unpublished) paper. Enugu State University.\r\n[23]\tOdiri, E. O. (2015). Relationship of study habits with mathematics achievement. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(10) 168-170.\r\n[24]\tOkatahi, A. O. &#038;Adeyanju, G. A. (2011). Locus of control and self-concept as factor of academic  performance. Zaria Journal of Educational Studies, 1(2), 94-98\r\n[25]\tOmouluabi, P. F. (2010). Validation of test anxiety inventory for Nigerian samples. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Psychology, 3(1) 37-47.\r\n[26]\tPrisgrove, P. (2010). A Relapse Prevention Approach to Reducing Abnormal behaviour. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.aic.gov.av\/publications\/proceeding10\/prisgrove.ashx (10\/08\/17).\r\n[27]\tRogers, C. (1957). Client centered Therapy: its current Practice, Implications and Theory. London \r\n[28]\tRyan, R. (2009). Intrinsic motivation and self determination inhuman Behaviour. New York Plenum.\r\n[29]\tScales, T. C. (2006). Exploring the academic self concept of high achieving African American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nditd.org\/serviceproviders\/scious-etd-searon20\/03\/2017.\r\n[30]\tSingh, R., &#038;Sarka, S. (2015) Learning Environments in Andhra Pradesh, India: Children\u201fs Academic Self-Concept\u201f and Mathematics Achievement. 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S. &#038;Christoherson, E. (2010). The Role of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Treating Common Problems in Childhood. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.dbpeds.org\/article\/detail\/:cfm?textid=56(17\/05\/17).\r\n[36]\tWikipedia, (2014). Cognitive therapy centre. Retrieved from http:\/\/enwikipedia.org\/wiki\/cognitivebehaviouraltherapy.\r\n[37]\tZimmerman, B. J., Golston, J. &#038;Gadzelle, B. (2007). \u201c Study skills and grade point average for higher and low mental ability students\u201d. Psychology, 14, (2), 24-27\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chinyere Catherine Ngwakwe and Lydia I. Dabo, &#8220;Effect of Study Skills on Low Academic Self-Concept among Secondary School Students of Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.463-471 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/463-471.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/463-471.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-study-skills-on-low-academic-self-concept-among-secondary-school-students-of-gombe-local-government-area-of-gombe-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Study Skills on Low Academic Self-Concept among Secondary School Students of Gombe Local Government Area of Gombe State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2683d7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2683d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-c268ebf\" data-id=\"c268ebf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26913f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26913f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26928b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26928b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26952f\" data-id=\"c26952f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c269755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c269755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c269895 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c269895\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c269aea\" data-id=\"c269aea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c269d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c269d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c269e5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c269e5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26a0e1\" data-id=\"c26a0e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26a312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26a312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26a43e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26a43e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26a6cb\" data-id=\"c26a6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26a8db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26a8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Exposure and Response to Media Discourses on Plastic Pollution: A Conceptual Discourse<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adum, Allen N, Ifeobu, Adaku Chinwe- January 2022- Page No.: 472-476<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26aa1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26aa1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26acdb\" data-id=\"c26acdb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26af39 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c26af39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nAgainst the backdrop of the increasing health hazards associated with poor environmental health and littering of the environment with plastic which directly results to environmental pollution, this study conceptually analyzed the place of the media in the campaign against such health threat. The study was a conceptual discourse which drew its materials from the internet, journals, lecture notes, text books and monographs. Situated within the context of audience reception theory, the study concludes that media discourses on plastic pollution have arguably proved useful in terms of enhancing awareness and knowledge of plastic pollution among residents in South-East Nigeria, especially in relation to its causes, dangers and measures against its environmental hazard. However, it would appear that these discourses, irrespective of sufficient exposure and preferred reading of them by the state civil servants, have largely not been effective in terms of bringing about actual behaviour change. The study therefore recommends that environmental campaign (especially in relation to plastic pollution) in South-East geopolitical zone and indeed all parts of Nigeria should emphasize adoption of recommended actions and the benefits of so doing. This is given the finding that exposure to media messages on plastic pollution did not appear to have significantly influence the desired practices among the audience\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 472-476\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adum, Allen N<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor of Health Communication, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anamba State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ifeobu, Adaku Chinwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Federal Polythecnic Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAderogba, K. A. (2014). Polymer wastes and management in cities and towns of Africa and sustainable environment: Nigeria and European experiences. Social Sciences, 3(4-1), 79 \u2013 88.\r\n[2]\tAdetusi, L. &#038; Obrota, J. (2008). Coverage of the environment in Nigerian newspapers. Retrieved from www.jesc.org\/Coverage_Environment\/pdf.\r\n[3]\tChen, G., &#038; Patel, M. (2012). Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: P technical and environmental review. Chemical Reviews, 112(4), 2082 \u2013 2099.\r\n[4]\tDavis, H. (2004). Understanding Stuart Hall. London: Sage.\r\n[5]\tFiske, J. (1987). Television culture. London, UK: Methuen.\r\n[6]\tKadafa, A. A., Ayuba, H. K. &#038; Idris, N. M. (2017). Mixed plastic waste as an intractable environmental problem in Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 6(2), 971 \u2013 979.\r\n[7]\tHall, S. (1973). Encoding and decoding in the television discourse. Birmingham: Centre for Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham.\r\n[8]\tHornby, A. S. (2010). Oxford advanced learner\u2019s dictionary (8th ed.). London: Oxford University Press.\r\n[9]\tLavers, J. L. &#038;Bond, A. L. (2017). Exceptional and rapid accumulation of anthropogenic debris on one of the world&#8217;s most remote and pristine islands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(23), 6052\u20136055.\r\n[10]\tMachin, D. &#038; Mayr, A. (2012). How to do critical discourse analysis: A multimodal introduction. London: Sage.\r\n[11]\tMcQuail, D. (2010). McQuail\u2019s mass communication theory: An introduction (6th ed.). Beverly Hills CA: Sage.\r\n[12]\tNightingale, V. (1996). Studying the television audience. London: Routledge. \r\n[13]\tOlajide, A. (1998). Man as environment: An existential appraisal. In S. Simpson &#038; O. Fagbohun (Eds.), Environmental law and policy (pp.1 \u2013 17). Lagos: Law Centre, Faculty of Law, Lagos State University.\r\n[14]\tOtu, E. E. &#038; Oloidi, W. (2018).  Pollution resulting from oil exploration and plastic disposal in Niger-Delta Nigeria: Biodynamics and artist\u2019s recycling methods as control measures. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 17, 31 \u2013 40.\r\n[15]\tProcter, J. (2004). Stuart hall. New York: Psychology Press.\r\n[16]\tReddy, M. S., Reddy, P. S., Subbaiah, G. V. &#038; Subbaiah, H. V. (2014). Effect of plastic pollution on environment. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Special Issue, 28 \u2013 29.\r\n[17]\tRochman, C. M. (2013). Plastics and priority pollutants: A multiple stressor in aquatic habitats. Environmental Science &#038; Technology, 47 (6), 2439 \u2013 2440.\r\n[18]\tSridhar, M. K. C. &#038; Hammed, T. B. (2014). Turning waste to wealth in Nigeria: An overview. Journal of Human Ecology, 46(2), 195 \u2013 203.\r\n[19]\tUzochukwu, C. E., Ekwugha, U. P. &#038; Emmanuel, N. M. (2014). Media coverage of the environment in Nigeria: issues and prospects, International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Reviews, 4(4), 22 \u2013 30.\r\n[20]\tUnited Nations Environment Programme (2019). Our planet is drowning in plastic pollution. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/interactive\/beat-plastic-pollution\/\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adum, Allen N, Ifeobu, Adaku Chinwe, &#8220;Exposure and Response to Media Discourses on Plastic Pollution: A Conceptual Discourse&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.472-476 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/472-476.pdf\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/472-476.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/exposure-and-response-to-media-discourses-on-plastic-pollution-a-conceptual-discourse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Exposure and Response to Media Discourses on Plastic Pollution: A Conceptual Discourse<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26c25a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c26c25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26c346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26c346\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26c4d7\" data-id=\"c26c4d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26c633 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26c633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26c6e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26c6e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26c85f\" data-id=\"c26c85f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26c97a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26c97a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26ca4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26ca4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26cbb4\" data-id=\"c26cbb4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26cd3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26cd3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26cdfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26cdfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26cf59\" data-id=\"c26cf59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26d06f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26d06f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26d10e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26d10e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26d26a\" data-id=\"c26d26a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26d37a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26d37a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26d420 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26d420\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26d565\" data-id=\"c26d565\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26d686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26d686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26d727 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26d727\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26d8a1\" data-id=\"c26d8a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26d9d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26d9d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Kinamiging Language Ability of Senior Students: Implications Towards Preservation of Language<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Arrianne Christelle J. Apostol and Maria Luisa S. Saministado, PhD &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 477-484<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c26da8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c26da8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c26dc18\" data-id=\"c26dc18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26dd64 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c26dd64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study aimed to determine the status of Kinamiging by looking into the respondents\u2019 language ability. It considered the variables such as years of residency, ethnicity, first language, and language attitude to determine if these variables positively relate to the respondents\u2019 language ability in Kinamiging. The respondents were from the largest public high school in Sagay, Eulalio U. Pabillore National High School in the Philipppines. The study, however, revealed that among the respondents, Sebuano is the dominant language in formal domains such as school. Even in such an informal domain as the community, Sebuano shows its dominance, especially in inter-group interactions. However, there is no precise functional distribution of language use according to the supposed high variety (H) and the regional dialects of low variety (L). The language situation in Camiguin is non-diglossic, meaning there is no precise functional distribution of languages into different domains. It further indicates that the speech community is unstable bilingualism among speakers of the language. Kinamiging is not totally \u201ceclipsed\u201d by the other languages in the area. With the present conditions of its speakers, Kinamiging needs to be integrated with technology among speakers and be revitalized through other forms of activities in school and community to withstand any pressure coming from competing languages such as Sebuano, Tagalog, and English.   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 477-484\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arrianne Christelle J. Apostol <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English language and Literature, Xavier University &#8211; Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maria Luisa S. Saministado, PhD <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English language and Literature, Xavier University &#8211; Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAguiman, J. E. (2020). 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Basic Kinamiging vocabularies: (Ha kinaujukan na mga ikagi ta Kinamiging). \r\n[8]\tBradley, D. (2011). A survey of language endangerment. \r\n[9]\tBurton, J. W., (1989). Protohistory of Mindanao: An overview. Gimba, Quarterly Magazine of Mindanao Culture. Vol II No. III.  \r\n[10]\tCantular, F. (2017). Morphological borrowing: A linguistic ethnographic study of Cagay-anon Sebuano verb affix adaptation. MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology.  \r\n[11]\tEdwards, J. (2002). Multilingualism. Routledge. \r\n[12]\tElder, C., &#038; Harding, L. (2008). Language testing and English as an internationallanguage. \r\n[13]\tElio, V. S. (1972). The history of Camiguin. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University. \r\n[14]\tElkins, R., (1985). The proto-Manobo kinship. Studies in Austronesian Languages and Cultures. Berlin. \r\n[15]\tFasold, R. (1984). The sociolinguistics of society. England: Basil Blackwell. \r\n[16]\tFishman, J. A. (1970). Sociolinguistics: A brief introduction. \r\n[17]\tFishman, J. A. (1972). Language in sociocultural change (Vol. 6). Stanford University Press. \r\n[18]\tFerguson, C.A. (1996). Diglossia.In Thom Huebner (Ed.) Sociolinguistic perspectives: Papers on language in society.\r\n[19]\tGarrett, P. (2010). Attitudes to language. Cambridge University Press. \r\n[20]\tGathercole, V. C. M., &#038; Thomas, E. M. (2009). Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up. Bilingualism, 12(2), 213. \r\n[21]\tGiles, H. (1979). Communication Accommodation theory: Optimal levels of convergence. Language and Social Psychology, 45-65. \r\n[22]\tGrimes, B. F. (2001). Ethnologue: Languages of the world. ed, vol. 1. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. \r\n[23]\tHaugen, E. (1972). Ecology of language.In Anwar S. Dil(Ed.), The ecology of language: Essays by Einar Haugen. California: Stanford University Press.   \r\n[24]\tHeadland, T.N. (2003).Thirty endangered languages in the Philippines. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 47(1). \r\n[25]\tKrauss, M. (1992). The world\u2019s languages in crisis.Language, 68(1), 4-10. \r\n[26]\tLluch, A.N. (2019) Surfacing the untold stories of Camiguin Island. Retrievedfrom: http:\/\/www.perroberde.com\/wpcontent\/uploads\/\r\n[27]\tMontalvan, A. J. (2002). Tradition and decline in Cagayan de Misamis ethnohistory of the prehistoric locale. Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City. Philippines. \r\n[28]\tRomaine, S. (2007). Preserving endangered Llanguages: Journal compilation. Blackwell Publishing. \r\n[29]\tTabouret-Keller, A. (1972). A contribution to the sociological study of language maintenance and language shift. Advances in the Sociology of Language, 2, 365-376.  \r\n[30]\tValles- Akil, L. (2000). Creole language maintenance in a multilingual setting: The case of Chabacano in Zamboanga City. Xavier University- Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro City. Philippines. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Arrianne Christelle J. Apostol and Maria Luisa S. Saministado, PhD, &#8220;Kinamiging Language Ability of Senior Students: Implications Towards Preservation of Language&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.477-484 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51223<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/477-484.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/kinamiging-language-ability-of-senior-students-implications-towards-preservation-of-language\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Kinamiging Language Ability 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class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Taxation for any society, including Nigeria, is an indispensable means of economic development. Developing countries can attain economic development through marshalling internal resources by enforcing tax policy constructively. Nevertheless, there is hardly a voluntary yield to each call for tax payment either by the individual or a corporate organization. Piqued by the dilemma of involuntariness in income tax extraction or payments, this research embarked on the doctrinal investigation of the Law (statutory and and others) to understanding the amplitudes of easing such dilemmas.  This paper contends that Nigerian income tax systems are principally meant to fund government projects and expenditures rather than instruments for socio-economic improvements. This realization breeds not only distrust as between the taxpayers and the tax collectors, but discourages the voluntariness in disclosures of taxable incomes and distortions in real collections and related statistical records   There are number of other reasons discovered by the research as impediments to efficacious income tax regimes in Nigeria. Some of these are lack of adequate logistics, undue political interference, slow judicial process, bribery and corruption, unskilled, poorly motivated staff, and sheer ignorance. The Paper provided suggested changes in legal and non-legal approaches, especially with respect to socio-political and fiscal polcies over which the tax-payers\u2019 monies were to be applied.  The paper concludes that trust in tax authority would increase if there is internal and external institutional integrity, thereby minimizing tax payment defiance in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 485-494\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Peter Agbo Ocheme<\/strong>\r\nAmerican University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christiana I.Agbo-Ejeh<\/strong>\r\nAmerican University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\nReferences are not available\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Peter Agbo Ocheme, Christiana I.Agbo-Ejeh &#8220;Legal  Solutions to The Dilemmas in Enforcing Income Tax Regimes in Nigeria\u00a9&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.485-494 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/485-494.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/485-494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/legal-solutions-to-the-dilemmas-in-enforcing-income-tax-regimes-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Legal  Solutions to The Dilemmas in Enforcing Income Tax Regimes in Nigeria\u00a9<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c271d5d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c271d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c271e41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c271e41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c271fb2\" data-id=\"c271fb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2720d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2720d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c272188 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c272188\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2722ee\" data-id=\"c2722ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27240b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27240b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2724aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2724aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c272605\" data-id=\"c272605\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c272717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c272717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2727c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2727c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27290e\" data-id=\"c27290e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c272a2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c272a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c272ac9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c272ac9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c272c22\" data-id=\"c272c22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c272d32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c272d32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c272de6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c272de6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c272f37\" data-id=\"c272f37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27304a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27304a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2730e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2730e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27325d\" data-id=\"c27325d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c273397 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c273397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Critical Discourse Analysis of \u00c0y\u00ecnl\u00e1 O\u0323mo\u0323w\u00far\u00e0\u2019s Il\u00e9Ay\u00e9 n Y\u00ed lo\u0323 S\u2019\u00f3pin<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Owolabi Badmus Ajayi, PhD, Omotolani  Ebenezer Ekpo, PhD, Sakiru Kilani- January 2022- Page No.: 495-507<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27343d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27343d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2735ca\" data-id=\"c2735ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2736f7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2736f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nSinging is art and art is society. From time immemorial, song has been one of the indispensable tools that develop societies. Music is produced for specific motives, messages and dedications and sometimes directed at specific sets of audience or listeners. In music, different subject matters such as social, economic, religious and contemporary problems and issues are embedded whereby the musician or the songwriter tries to communicate his or her views, feelings, thoughts or ideologies to the targeted audience or readers. Language is an essential component of music for songs are composed of it. Language of song can be spoken or written depending on the situation and purpose. This study therefore attempts a critical discourse analysis of \u00c0y\u00ecnl\u00e1O\u0323mo\u0323w\u00far\u00e0\u2019sIl\u00e9Ay\u00e9 \u0144 Y\u00ed Lo\u0323 S\u2019\u00f3pin(1978) using Teun A. van Dijks\u2019s (1988) Critical Discourse Analysis model. Using this model reveals that the text is related to the social context of the period in which the social song was produced. The study adopted qualitative method of analysis which is analytic, critical, descriptive and discursive in nature. The study reveals that social cognition and social context shape the choice of words songwriters adopt and at the same time, choice of words reveals the ideologies and beliefs of songwriters. The study encourages other researchers in the field of CDA to carry out CDA of Yoruba songs, especially the historical and political ones to enhance the field of CDA better.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 495-507\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6128<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Owolabi Badmus Ajayi, PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English &#038; Literary Studies, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omotolani  Ebenezer Ekpo, PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English &#038; Literary Studies, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sakiru Kilani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of English &#038; Literary Studies, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tCarter, R. (1993). Introducing Applied Linguistics. London: Penguin Books \r\n[2]\tDarma, Y. A., (2009). AnalisisWacanaKritis. Bandung: YramaWidya.\r\n[3]\tErinyato. (2011). Analysis WacanaPengantarAnalisisTeks Media. Yogyakarta: PT LkiS Printing Cemerlang. \r\n[4]\tFairclough, N., (2003). Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. Routledge: New York.\r\n[5]\tFairclough, N.L. and Wodak, R., (1997). \u201cCritical Discourse Analysis\u201d. In T.A. Van Dijk (ed), Discourse Studies. A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Vol 2, pp. 258-84.\r\n[6]\tMills, S (1997). Discourse. Routledge: New York\r\n[7]\tPutri, I. T. and Triyono, S., (2018). \u2018\u201cWe shall Overcome\u201d\u2019 A Humanity Song by Roger Waters: Critical Discourse Analysis\u2019. In Humaniora.Vol. 30 No. 2. Pp. 119-127. Retrieved from: https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/78901667.pdf\r\n[8]\tRose (2008).\u201cA Guide to Discourse Analysis\u201d.InNurse Researcher.Vol 16 no 1. pp.. 24-44\r\n[9]\tSapir, E. (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Comapny\r\n[10]\tTarigan, H. G. (2009). PengajaranWacana. Bandung: PT. Angkasa\r\n[11]\t__________.(1987). PengajaranWacana. Bandung: Angkasa.\r\n[12]\tVan Dijk, T.A., (1988). \u201cPower Structures and Discourse Structures\u201d. In J. Anderson (ed). Communication Yearbook, vol. 12. Newbury Park, CA: Sage\r\n[13]\t__________. (2004).Politics, Ideology and Discourse.Retrieved from http:\/\/www.discourse-in-in-society.org\/teun.htm, February 2018.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Owolabi Badmus Ajayi, PhD, Omotolani  Ebenezer Ekpo, PhD, Sakiru Kilani, &#8220;A Critical Discourse Analysis of \u00c0y\u00ecnl\u00e1 O\u0323mo\u0323w\u00far\u00e0\u2019s Il\u00e9Ay\u00e9 n Y\u00ed lo\u0323 S\u2019\u00f3pin&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.495-507 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6128<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/495-507.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-ayinla-o%cc%a3mo%cc%a3wuras-ile-aye-n-yi-lo%cc%a3-sopin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Critical Discourse Analysis of \u00c0y\u00ecnl\u00e1 O\u0323mo\u0323w\u00far\u00e0\u2019s Il\u00e9Ay\u00e9 n Y\u00ed lo\u0323 S\u2019\u00f3pin<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27459d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c27459d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c274673 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c274673\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2747f7\" data-id=\"c2747f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27491e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27491e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2749e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2749e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c274b80\" data-id=\"c274b80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c274cc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c274cc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c274d8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c274d8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c274f04\" data-id=\"c274f04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27501f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27501f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2750c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2750c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27523e\" data-id=\"c27523e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c275372 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c275372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27541b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27541b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c275590\" data-id=\"c275590\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2756c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2756c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c275768 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c275768\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c275912\" data-id=\"c275912\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c275a89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c275a89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c275b51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c275b51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c275ce6\" data-id=\"c275ce6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c275e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c275e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enhancing Students\u2019 Performance in Senior High School Mathematics through the Learner-centered Approach: A Case in T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, WA, Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mohammed Subouru Alhassan Bigson, Zulphata Bin Yussif- January 2022- Page No.: 508-523<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c275ef4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c275ef4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2760b8\" data-id=\"c2760b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c276249 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c276249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study was about enhancing students\u2019 performance in mathematics through the learner-centered method of teaching, with T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Wa as a case study. This led to the formulation of three specific objectives which were; to assess the performance of individual students through written class quizzesbefore and aftertaking lectures and demonstrations on a topic, to assess the performance of students through class quizzes before and aftertaking learning tasks and activities through instructional groups discussions and individual learning, and also to assess the views of teachers and students on both teaching and learning methods. \r\nThe first 80 students who reported to school to begin the first semester of the 2021 academic year, were selected to form the sample groups: \u2018Form 1 and Form 2\u2019.  After undertaking lessons, the findings which were based on the marks scored by individual students in various class quizzes showed that, students scored higher marks after undertaking lessons through group discussions and that of individual learning activities, but scored lower marks after taking lessons through the lecture and demonstration method of learning. Discussions between the researchersand the respondents (students and teachers)revealed that, the learner-centered method of teaching was most preferred and better to enhance the performance of students, as compared to that of the traditional method (teacher-centered) of imparting knowledge. Even though the traditional method enables larger coverage of study content within a short time, it is a disadvantage to slow learners, but however favours the smart ones.  At some point, using the mixed method (both teacher-centered and learner-centered) could enhance better results other than strictly sticking to one method. The study therefore recommended that; similar studies be undertaken in different institution and different subjects of study.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 508-523\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6129<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Subouru Alhassan Bigson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, P. O. Box 636, Wa Municipal, Ghana.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Subouru Alhassan Bigson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, P. O. Box 636, Wa Municipal, Ghana.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAbdulbaki, K., Suhaimi, M., Alsaqqaf, A.,&#038; Jawad W. (2018). Impact of using the lecture method on teaching English at university. 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Teaching syllabus for Core Mathematics (Senior High School). https:\/\/mingycomputersgh.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/03\/core-maths-syllabus2.pdf\r\n[32]\tNyumba, T., Wilson, K., Derrick, C.J., and Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods EcolEvol 9(1):20\u201332. \r\n[33]\tOkotubu, J. O. (2020). Effect of Demonstration Teaching Method on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement and Retention in Auto Mechanics Trade in Technical Colleges in Delta State.Vol. 6, no.5, pp. 6 \u2013 13, https:\/\/iiardpub.org\/get\/IJEE\/VOL.%206%20NO.%205%202020\/Effect%20of%20Demonstration%20Teaching.pdf\r\n[34]\tOmair, A. (2014). Sample size estimation and sampling techniques for selecting a representative sample. Saudi Commission Journal of Health Specialties. 2. 142-147. 10.4103\/1658-600X.142783. \r\n[35]\tPhrasisombath, K. (2009). Sample Size and Sampling Methods (Vientiane: University of Health Sciences) https:\/\/www.gfmer.ch\/Activites_internationales_Fr\/Laos\/PDF\/Sample_size_methods_Phrasisombath_Laos_2009.\r\n[36]\tPijls, M., and Dekker, R. (2011). Students discussing their mathematical ideas: the role of the teacher. Math Ed Res J 23, 379\u2013396 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13394-011-0022-3\r\n[37]\tSaragih, S. and Napitupulu, E. (2015).  Developing Student-Centered Learning Model to Improve High Order Mathematical Thinking Ability. International Education Studies. 8. 10.5539\/ies.v8n6p104. \r\n[38]\tSingh, A. S, and Masuku, M. B. (2014). \u201cSampling techniques &#038; determination of sample size in applied statistics research: an overview,\u201d International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 1\u201322, 2014.http:\/\/ijecm.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/21131.pdf\r\n[39]\tStokes, K. (2013). The impact of the factory Model of education in central Texas. Texas. Baylor University. \r\n[40]\tTalbert, E. (2017). Student-Centered Instruction and its effect on Mathematics Engagement by Race. (Bachelor thesis, University of Pittsburgh, USA). http:\/\/d-scholarship.pitt.edu\/30641\/1\/ETD_Finalversion.pdf\r\n[41]\tWorld Bank. (2016). Mathematics education in Sub-Saharan Africa: status, challenges, and opportunities (Vol. 2): main report (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammed Subouru Alhassan Bigson, Zulphata Bin Yussif, &#8220;Enhancing Students\u2019 Performance in Senior High School Mathematics through the Learner-centered Approach: A Case in T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, WA, Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.508-523 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6129<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/508-523.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/enhancing-students-performance-in-senior-high-school-mathematics-through-the-learner-centered-approach-a-case-in-t-i-ahmadiyya-senior-high-school-wa-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Enhancing Students\u2019 Performance in Senior High School Mathematics through the Learner-centered Approach: A Case in T. I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, WA, Ghana<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2772a6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2772a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c277a28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c277a28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c277b70\" data-id=\"c277b70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c277c87 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c277f94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c277f94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27803b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27803b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c278190\" data-id=\"c278190\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2782a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2782a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c278341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c278341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c278497\" data-id=\"c278497\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2785b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2785b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27865d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27865d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2787d8\" data-id=\"c2787d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2788e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2788e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD)- January 2022- Page No.: 524-531<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c278991 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c278991\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c278b02\" data-id=\"c278b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c278c33 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c278c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nStudies have shown demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, type of vocation to have influence on Burnout among the helping professionals. The objective of study was to examine the influence of demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among the Catholic religious men and women working in Lodwar Diocese. The study adopted correlational research design. Using census, a sample size of 131 Catholic religious men and women were included in the study. The data was collected using standardized questionnaire. Pre-testing of the standardized instrument was carried out before the actual data collection to ensure its reliability and validity. The data was analyzed using independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA with SPSS Version 32. The independent t-test and One Way ANOVA results showed that there were no statistically significant difference on demographic variables of age, gender, education level, vocation identity and country of origin on three domains of Burnout in Christian Ministry. However, there was a significant mean difference of age on the domain of Personal Accomplishment F (5,125) =2.635, p< 0.05.  \r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 524-531\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAfulani, A. p; Ongeri,. L, Kinyua, J, Temmerman, M, Berry, Mendes, &#038; Weiss, S, J. (2021). Psychological and physiological stress and burnout among maternity providers in a rural county in Kenya: individual and situational predictors, Public Health, 21(4) 53-60.\r\n[2]\tAustin, F. (1982). Vatican Council II: More Post Councillor Documents: S.T Paul Publications. \r\n[3]\tCatholic Diocese of Lodwar Office Directory, 2021\r\n[4]\tCreswell, J. W., &#038; Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.\r\n[5]\tDias, R. (2019). Burnout among catholic priests in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors. Intera\u00e7\u00e3o em Psicologia. 23 (2), 255-262.\r\n[6]\tDoolittle, B. R. (2010). The impact of behaviors upon burnout among parish-based clergy. Journal of Religion and Health, 49(1),88-95.\r\n[7]\tFrancis, L. J., Robbins, M., &#038; Wulff, K. (2013). Happy but exhausted? Work related psychological health among clergy. Pastoral Sciences, 24 (1), 101\u2013120.\r\n[8]\tGood, J. (2007). Mission to Turkana, Don Bosco Printing press, Makuyu\r\n[9]\tKokonya, D.A., Mburu, J.M., Kathuku, D.M., Ndetei, D.M. &#038; Adam H. et al. (2014) Burnout Syndrome among Medical Workers at Kenyatta (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. J Psychiatry 17 (6), 14-32.\r\n[10]\tLeslie, J. F. (2018). Resilience and Wellbeing in Ministry: An empirical enquiry within the Church of Scotland. Church of Scotland project\\Resilience and Wellbeing in Ministry report.\r\n[11]\tLiorent, V.J &#038; Calzado, I.R (2016). Burnout and its relation to sociodemographic variables among education professionals working with people with disabilities in C\u00f3rdoba (Spain).Ci\u00eanc. Sa\u00fade Colet, 21 (10); 3287-3295.\r\n[12]\tMaslach, C., &#038; Jackson, S. E. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (3rd Ed.). Mountain View: CPP.\r\n[13]\tMaslach, C., &#038; Leiter, M.P. (1997). The Truth about Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.\r\n[14]\tMcLeod, S. A. (2019). Sampling methods. Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/sampling.html\r\n[15]\tMohammed, S., Taher, M., Alsaadi, H. Alnema, A. &#038; Al-Abdulla, S. (2018) Prevalence and Determinants of Burnout among Primary Healthcare Physicians in Qatar. World Family Medicine, 16(7), 22-28. DOI: 10.5742MEWFM.2018.93474.\r\n[16]\tNaude, J. L. P., &#038; Rothmann, S. (2004). The Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory \u2013 Human Services Survey for Emergency Medical Technicians in Gauteng. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 30 (3), 21-28.\r\n[17]\tPaul J. L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. Do: https:\/\/dx. Doinory \/10.4135\/19781412963947. N61\r\n[18]\tRandall, Kelvin. (2013). Examining the relationship between burnout and age among Anglican clergy in England and Wales. Mental Health, Religion &#038; Culture. 10 (1) 39-46.\r\n[19]\tVan Hove, A. (1909). Diocese. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved January 16, 2022 from New Advent: http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/05001a.htm\r\n[20]\tVukani, J. P. (2017). Association between Work Engagement and Dimensions of Burnout among Catholic Priests in Durban Metro, South Africa. http:\/\/repository.tangaza.ac.ke\/\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD), &#8220;Influence of Demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, KenyaInfluence of Demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.524-531 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/524-531.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/524-531.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-demographic-variables-on-burnout-in-christian-ministry-among-catholic-religious-men-and-women-working-in-rural-areas-a-case-of-lodwar-diocese-in-turkana-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, KenyaInfluence of Demographic variables on Burnout in Christian Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working in Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c279a31 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c279a31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-c27a30d\" data-id=\"c27a30d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27a419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27a419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27a4bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27a4bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27a605\" data-id=\"c27a605\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27a713 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27a713\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27a7b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27a7b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27a8fe\" data-id=\"c27a8fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27aa01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27aa01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27aa9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27aa9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27abe8\" data-id=\"c27abe8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27acf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27acf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27ad94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27ad94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27af02\" data-id=\"c27af02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27b010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27b010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>E-Learning Challenges and Implementations Strategies for Teaching English Language Courses in Distance Learning Centres in the COVID-19 Era<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Peace Alufohai- January 2022- Page No.: 532-538<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27b0b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27b0b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27b226\" data-id=\"c27b226\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27b367 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c27b367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is viral pneumonia with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sore throat, dyspnea, body pain, and diarrhea. Considering the spread of this dreadful infectious disease, the federal government instituted COVID-19 suppression protocols such as physical\/social distancing in classrooms and also encouraged the use of e-learning facilities to reduce the spread of the virus in all tertiary institutions. To examine the prospects of e-learning in the COVID-19 era, this paper examines the e-learning challenges and implementation strategies for teaching English Language courses in distance learning centres in the COVID-19 era. The objectives of this paper are therefore to: identify the challenges of e-learning implementation and discuss possible strategies needed for proper e-learning implementation for English language courses in distance learning centres in the COVID-19 era. Some basic concepts such as e-learning and COVID-19 were conceptually clarified. Based on the review, it was uncovered that inadequate human capacity, inadequate funding, lack of e-learning infrastructure, ICT and bandwidth constraints, poor electricity supply, and institutional governance are the constraints of e-learning adoption and integration for the teaching English language courses in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) centres in the COVID-19 era. Some ready strategies for resolving these challenges include integration of open sources into e-learning, the establishment of data collection repositories, encouragement of resource sharing among staff, development of partnerships and networks, integration of ICT with the whole curriculum, and evaluation of e-learning practices. To resolve these challenges it is suggested that: Open Distance Learning (ODL) centres need to be properly funded by the government to enhance the use of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) and e-learning systems for teaching English Language courses in distance learning centres.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 532-538\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peace Alufohai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAmbrose Alli University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAdu, E. O., Eze, I. R., Salako E. T., &#038;Nyangechi J. M., (2013). E-Learning and Distance Education in Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (2).pp 203 \u2013 210\r\n[2]\tAduke, A. F., (2008). Usage and challenges of information and technology (ICT) in teaching and learning in Nigerian universities.Asian journal of information technology, 7(7), 290-295.\r\n[3]\tAgah, J.J., Ogbeche, A. U. &#038;Okorie, E. U. (2016). Computer anxiety, operation skills and attitude\r\n[4]\tcorrelates of students\u2019 preparedness for computer-based assessment. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(2), 71-84.\r\n[5]\tAina, J.K. (2020). Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on the teaching and learning of science in Nigerian higher education. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 4(6); 334- 337\r\n[6]\tArkorful, V. &#038;Abaidoo, N. (2016). The role of e-learning, the advantages, and disadvantages of its adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(12);397-410.\r\n[7]\tAjadi, T.O., Salawu, I.O. &#038;Adeoye, F.A. (2018). E-learning and distance education in Nigeria.The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(4), Article 7.\r\n[8]\tBates, A and Poole, G. (2013).Effective teaching with technology in higher education.San FranciccoJessey: Bass\/John Wiley.\r\n[9]\tBesong, J.B. (2014). Managing open and distance learning as a tool for enhanced access and balanced development in Cameroon. Business Management Dynamics.3(8), 33-39.\r\n[10]\tEke, H.N. (2011). Modeling LIS students\u201f intention to adopt e-learning: A case from the University of Nigeria Nsukka, Library Philosophy and Practice. 1(5), 22- 32.\r\n[11]\tEkundayo, M. S., &#038;Ekundayo, J. M., (2009). Capacity constraints in developing countries: A need for more e-learning space? The case of Nigeria. Paper proceedings at Ascilite, Auckland, pages 243-255.\r\n[12]\tErfani, A., Shahriarirad, R., Ranjbar, K. Mirahmadizadeh, A. &#038;Moghadami, M. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice toward the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: A population-based survey in Iran. Journal of Youth and Adolescence.2 (5), 52-72.\r\n[13]\tGuragain, N. (2016). E-learning benefits and applications.Helsinki University of Applied SciencesThesis.Retrievedfrom:  https:\/\/www.theseus.fi\/bitstream\/handle\/10024\/105103\/Guragain_Nischal.pdf?sequence= 1.\r\n[14]\tIlesanmi, O. &#038;Afolabi, A. (2020). Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study, Journal of Community and Public Health, 5(6), 43-58.\r\n[15]\tKashid, R.V., Shidhore, A. A., Kazi, M. M. &#038;Patil, S. (2020). Awareness of COVID-19 amongst undergraduate dental students in India \u2013 A questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Journal of Medicine Virol. 92(4),441\u20137\r\n[16]\tKasse, J.P. &#038;Blunywa, W. (2013). An Assessment of E-learning Utilization by a Section of Ugandan Universities Challenges, Success Factors and Way Forward. International \r\n[17]\tLovell, A. (2018). The past, present and future of distance learning. Retrieved from trainingindustry.com \r\n[18]\tNigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) (2020).COVID-19 case update.Available online at https:\/\/twitter.com\/NCDCgov\/. Retrieved on April 9th, 2020\r\n[19]\tObaseki, D. E., Akoria, O. &#038;Ogboghodo, E. O. (2020). Mainstreaming the private health sector in the response to COVID-19: facility readiness assessment for screening services in Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Reproduction Science 2(1), 23 \u2013 34\r\n[20]\tOhakamike-Obeka, N. (2020).The school learning environment and students\u201f attitude and achievement in English Language.Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(2), 31-37\r\n[21]\tOkueso, S. A., Osikomaiya, M. O., Osijo, Y. E. Omotayo, A. O. &#038;Arowolo O. A. (2018). Effective teaching of English language using communication Package: how prepared are the teachers in Ogun State Nigeria. European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 6(2), 30 \u2013 40\r\n[22]\tOlatunji, S. O. (2017). English language teachers\u201f attitudes to the promotion of the standard Nigerian English: A survey from a Nigerian city. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia. 6 (3), 16-31.\r\n[23]\tOnwe, O. J. (2015). Policies and practice of open and distance learning models in the sub- Saharan African Countries: A literature Survey. American International Journal of Contemporary Research.3(8). 21-29.\r\n[24]\tOwhonda, G. Maduka, O. &#038;Nwadiuto, I. (2020). Awareness, perception, and strategies for COVID 19 prevention among residents of a state in the south-south region of Nigeria: implications for public health control efforts. Nigeria. Public Health 1(1), 23 \u2013 28\r\n[25]\tParks, E. (2013).\u201cWhat\u2019s the \u201ce\u201d in e-learning?\u201dAsk International.com Retrieved 2013-10-22. The EDUCASE top Teaching and Learning. Challenges, 2014 retrieved on 25 May 2014: (http:\/\/www.educase .edu\/eli\/challenges).\r\n[26]\tSharma R, Ekundayo M S &#038; Ng E (2019). Beyond the digital divide: policy analysis for knowledge societies. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(5), 373-386.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Peace Alufohai, &#8220;E-Learning Challenges and Implementations Strategies for Teaching English Language Courses in Distance Learning Centres in the COVID-19 Era&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.532-538 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/532-538.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27c581\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27c6d4\" data-id=\"c27c6d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27c806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27c806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27cbbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27cbbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27cd0d\" data-id=\"c27cd0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27ce1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27ce1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27cebb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27cebb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27d00b\" data-id=\"c27d00b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27d11a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27d11a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27d1b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27d1b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27d30a\" data-id=\"c27d30a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27d421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27d421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27d4be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27d4be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27d629\" data-id=\"c27d629\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27d73a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27d73a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impacts of Capital Structure on Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Bangladesh<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Anwar Zahid, Chinmoy Das Gupta, Retnoningrum Hidayah, Ishaq Shariar &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 539-544<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27d7e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27d7e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27d956\" data-id=\"c27d956\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27da87 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c27da87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Capital structure of the banking sector has a significant influence on performance measurement. Many studies have investigated the relationship between capital structure and the performance of banks but there is a relative shortage of empirical studies investigating the connection between capital structure and the performance of Islamic and conventional banks particularly from emerging economies. The main purpose of this research is to empirically study the capital structure and the performance of both Islamic and conventional banks in Bangladesh. Panel data of 24 banks (6 Islamic banks out of 8 and 18 conventional banks out of 41 banks) has been taken for the period of 2010 to 2017. Data has been analyzed by using EViews software. T-test has been used to determine the statistical evidence of the differential performance of both groups of bank. Outputs of T-test for the variables include; total debt ratio, short term debt, long term debt and loan to asset ratio indicate the existence of statistically strong significant difference between the capital structure of Islamic and conventional banks. In case of conventional banks, ROA as a performance measure is positively and significantly related to loan to asset and inflation variables. Similarly, evidence has been found that statistically, there is a strong positive association of loan to asset and strong negative connection of GDP on ROE. However, in case of Islamic bank, the outcomes reveal the existence of positive and significant impacts of loan to asset on ROA and ROE. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 539-544\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6130<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anwar Zahid<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Independent University, Bangladesh  <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chinmoy Das Gupta<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Army Institute of Business Administration, Bangladesh <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Retnoningrum Hidayah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishaq Shariar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBusiness Graduate, Independent University, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAnafo, S. A., Amponteng, E. &#038; Yin, L. (2015). The impact of capital structure on profitability of banks listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange,  Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(16), 26-34. \r\n[2]\tAppiadjei, E. A. (2014). Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Ghana, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(16), 37-43. \r\n[3]\tBerger, A.N. (1995). The relationship between capital and earnings in banking, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 27(2), 432-456. \r\n[4]\tBerger, A.N. and di Patti, E. (2002). Capital structure and firm performance: a new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking industry, Federal Reserve, Washington, DC. \r\n[5]\tChaarani, H. E. &#038; Abiad, Z. E. (2019). Analysis of Capital Structure and Performance of Banking Sector in Middle East Countries, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(3), 1-11.  \r\n[6]\tChechet, I. L. and Olayiwola, A. B. (2014).  Capital structure and profitability of Nigerian quoted firms: The Agency Cost Theory perspective, American International Journal of Social Science, 3(1), 139-158. \r\n[7]\tEriotis, N.P., Frangouli, Z. &#038; Ventoura-Neokosmides, Z. (2002). Profit margin and capital structure: an empirical relationship, The Journal of Applied Business Research, 18(2), 85-88. \r\n[8]\tGoyal, A. (2013). Impact of capital structure on performance of listed public sectors in India\u2019, International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(10), 35-43. \r\n[9]\tHailu, A. (2015). The impact of capital structure on profitability\u2019, Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University. \r\n[10]\tHameed, A. B. (2003). Assessing the performance of Islamic banks: some evidence from the middle east, Islamic Economic Studies, 11(1), 32-57. \r\n[11]\tHaron, S. (2004). Determinants of Islamic bank profitability, Global Journal of Finance and Economics, 1(1), 1-22. \r\n[12]\tHasan, M. B., Ahsan, M. A. F. M., Rahaman, M. A. &#038; Alam, M. N. (2014). Influence of capital structure on firm performance: Evidence from Bangladesh, International Journal of Business and Management, 9(1), 184\u201394.\r\n[13]\tHutchison, D.E. &#038; Cox, R.A.K. (2006). The causal relationship between bank capital and Profitability, Annals of Financial Economic, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, 40-54. \r\n[14]\tJaffar, M. &#038; Manarvi, I. (2011). Performance comparison of Islamic and Conventional banks in Pakistan, Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 11(1).\r\n[15]\tModigliani, F. &#038; Miller, M.H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of Investment, American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297. \r\n[16]\tModigliani, F. &#038; Miller, M.H. (1963). Corporate Income Taxes and cost of capital- A correction, American Economic Review, 53(1), 433-443. \r\n[17]\tMyers, S. (1977). The Determinants of Corporate Borrowing, Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 147-175. \r\n[18]\tNguyen, T. &#038; Nguyen, H. C. (2015). Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Vietnam\u2019s Stock Exchange, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(12), 1-10. \r\n[19]\tPratomo, W.A. &#038; Ismail, A.G. (2006). Islamic bank performance and capital structure, Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA), 6012, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. \r\n[20]\tSiddik, N., Kabiraj, S. &#038; Shanmugan, J. (2017). Impacts of capital structure on performance of banks in a developing economy: Evidence from Bangladesh, International Journal of Financial Studies, 5(13), 1-13.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anwar Zahid, Chinmoy Das Gupta, Retnoningrum Hidayah, Ishaq Shariar, &#8220;Impacts of Capital Structure on Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Bangladesh&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.539-544 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6130<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/539-544.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impacts-of-capital-structure-on-performance-of-islamic-and-conventional-banks-evidence-from-bangladesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impacts of Capital Structure on Performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks: Evidence from Bangladesh<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-c27e976 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27e976\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27eaf9\" data-id=\"c27eaf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27ec27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27ec27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27eccd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27eccd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27ee2b\" data-id=\"c27ee2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27ef48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27ef48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27f30a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27f30a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27f45d\" data-id=\"c27f45d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27f576 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27f576\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27f614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27f614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27f77b\" data-id=\"c27f77b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27f884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27f884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27f926 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27f926\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27fa6c\" data-id=\"c27fa6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27fb7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27fb7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27fc17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27fc17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c27fd7e\" data-id=\"c27fd7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c27fe92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c27fe92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Technical Efficiency and Profitability among Maize Based Farmer in Kajola Local Government of Oyo State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Matthew Olufemi ADIO and Adebola Toyin OLAOYE &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 545-553<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c27ff31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c27ff31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2800c0\" data-id=\"c2800c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c280205 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c280205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Maize consumption is widespread across the country and among households of different wealth. The challenge to increase the efficiency in food production level in Nigeria appears to be more urgent now than it has ever been in the history of the country and in particular, Kajola Local Government area of Oyo State. This study analyzes the technical efficiency and profitability among maize base farmer in Kajola Local Government of Oyo State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 80 maize based farmers in the five villages using well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, gross margin and stochastic frontier analysis were employed to analyze the data collected. Result showed that the mean age and household size of the respondents were 46 years and 5 respectively. The profitability analysis showed a profit of \u20a62711842.6 was recorded. The stochastic analysis revealed that capital, is the most important factors to increase maize productivity. The study concluded that the productivity of the factors could be improved by expanding the capital base, and adequate and timely education through constant training in the latest farming techniques while alternative capital sources through financial capital (savings, funding, remittances etc.) government grants, be available to farmers in other to boost production. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 545-553\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6131<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eny Budi Sri Haryani<\/strong>\r\nStudy Program of Marine Engineering, Institute of Transportation and Logistics Trisakti, Jakarta of Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anna Maria Tri Anggraini<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law, Trisakti University, Jakarta of Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAdewumi, M O and Adebayo, F A (2008). Profitability and Technical Efficiency of Sweet Potato Production in Nigeria Journal of Rural Development, 31(5), pp 105 \u2013 120\r\n[2]\tAdewusi (2006). Resources Use Productivity of Rural Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria.ASSET Vol.1, No. 1.Adom, K K. and Liu, R. H. (2002).Antioxidant Activity of Grains.Journal of Agricultural Food.Chem. 9.50(21): 6182-7.\r\n[3]\tAdio and Oladele, (2021): Food Insecurity and its Determinants among Farming Households in Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State. South Asian Research Journal of Agriculture and Fisheries, 3(2), pp 10-16\r\n[4]\tAjibefin, I.A, Abdukadr, A.O. (2004).Impact of Size of Farm Operation in Resource Use Efficiency in Small Scale-Farming Evidence from South Western Nigeria.Journal of Food and environment. 2004; 2(1):359-364. \r\n[5]\tAhmed K. D., Burhan O, Amanuel, A., Diriba, I. and Ahmed, A., (2018). Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Potato Production by Smallholder Farmers: The case of DinshoDistrict, Bale Zone of Ethiopia, Journal of Development and AgriculturalEconomics 10(7). Pp225-235\r\n[6]\tAmaza, P.S. and Maurice,D. C. (2005).Identification of Factors that Influence Technical Efficiency of Rice Based Production System in Nigeria: A Paper presented at workshop on policies and strategies for promoting Rice Production and Food Security in Sub-Sahara Africa, Cotonou, Benin. \r\n[7]\tAtaboh, O.E., Umeh, J.C. and Tsue, P.T. (2014) Determinants of Technical Efficiency among Rice Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria, Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability, 6(1). Pp39-49\r\n[8]\tBernard, C.H (2003). Economic Analysis of Cassava Based Cropping System in Crude OilProducing Area. A Case Study of River State, Nigeria; Unpublished Ph.D Dissertation.Zaria, Nigeria.\r\n[9]\tBattese, G.E. and Coelli, T.J. (1988). Prediction of Firm Level Efficiencies with generalized Frontier Production Function and Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics 38: 387\u2013399.\r\n[10]\tCadoni, P. and Angelucci, F. (2013).Analysis of Incentives for Maize in Nigeria.Technical Notes Series, FAO, Rome\r\n[11]\tCoelli, T.J. (1994). A guide to Frontier Version 4.1: A Computer Programme for Stochastic Frontier Production and Cost Function Estimation. Department of Econometrics, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.\r\n[12]\tFakayode, S.B,Rahji, M.A.Y, Oni, O.A.  andAdeyemi, M.O. (2009). An Assessment of Food Security Situations of Farm Households in Nigeria:A USDA Approach.The Social Sciences 4 (1), 24-29, Medwell Journals\r\n[13]\tFAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), (2010).FAOSTATA online data base, available at http:\/\/faostatfao.org and http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/rice.Food Agricultural Organization of United Nation. Rome accessed in June 9th 2013\r\n[14]\tFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), (2014).Food and Agricultural Organization Report \r\n[15]\tFood Agricultural Organization (FAO).(2007). Maize in Human Nutrition.Rome (Italy) FAO Corporate Document Repository, Food And Nutrition Series .\r\n[16]\tFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), (2001).Food and Agricultural Organization Report\r\n[17]\tFMAWR (Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources), (2008).Planning Research and Statistical Data IITA 1994, IITA Annual Report, Ibadan, Nigeria. \r\n[18]\tHeady, E. O. and Dillion, J. K.(1972).\u201cAgricultural Production Function\u201d.Iowa State College Press. Ames, Iowa, USA.    3(1):33-39.\r\n[19]\tKamajou, F. (1991). The impact of Agricultural Price Policy on food and export crop production in Cameroon farming systems based analysis availableonhttp:\/\/www.uclouvain.be\/cps\/ucl\/doclecru\/documents\/TF5M3D15.pdf accessed on 23\/01\/20211.\r\n[20]\tKareem, R. O., Dipeolu, A. O., Aromolaran A. B. and William, S. B. (2008). Economic Efficiency in Fish Farming: Hope for Agro-Allied Industries in Nigeria. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and limnology.26 (1): 104-115.\r\n[21]\tKoutsoyiannis,  A.  (2001). Theory of econometrics:  An Introductory Exposition Of Economic Methods.2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan\r\n[22]\tMattews-Njoku, E, D. Ohajianya, C. Nwachukwu, E.U. Onweremadu and C.C. Asiabaka, (2009). Determinants of Adoption Cover CroppingTechnology: An Application of MultivariateLogistic Analysis in Imo State, Nigeria. Proceedings\r\nof the international Conferenceon Global food Crisis: Theme, Global Food Crisis: The Way Forward, Fed. Univ. of Techn.Owerri, Nigeria. 387-392\r\n[23]\tMijindadi, N.B. (1980).Production efficiency on farms in Northern Nigeria.Unpublished Ph. D.Discretion. Cornell University, USA. Masterson, T. (2007).Productivity, Technical Efficiency, and Farm Size in Paraguayan Agriculture, The levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper.490.\r\n[24]\tMuhammad-Lawal A., Omotesho, O.A., and Oyedemi, F.A. (2013).  An Assessment of The Economics Of Cassava Processing in Kwara State, Nigeria. Invited paper presented at the 4th International Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia\r\n[25]\tNational Bureau of Statistics (2006).Facts and Figures about Nigeria.National Bureau of Statistics. Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n[26]\tNational Bureau of Statistics (2007).Facts and Figures about Nigeria.National Bureauof Statistics. Abuja, Nigeria.\r\n[27]\tNdaeyo, N. U. (2007).Assessing the Contributions of Homestead Farming to Food Security in a Developing Economy: A Case Study of Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Science.3 (1): 11-16.Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of AdekunleAjasin, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics &#038;Sociology30(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJAEES.46823ISSN: 2320-7027\r\n[28]\tNjiforti, P. P. (2008). Empirical Examination of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria (1981-2003). Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Public Policy Issues.2 (1): 83-117.\r\n[29]\tNwajiuba, C., Margraf, V. and Weikersheim, G. (2012). Does Agriculture have a Future in                           Southeast Nigeria? Inaugural lecture Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria.\r\n[30]\tNwosu, C. S. (2005). Comparative Economics of Resource Proceedings of the 39th Annual   Conference of Agricultural Society of Nigeria, University of Benin, October 9th \u2013 13th,  pp 1 \u2013 4.\r\n[31]\tOgundari, K.,Ojo, S.O. and Brummer, B.(2006). Productivity Potential and Technical Efficiency of Aquaculture Production in Alleviating Poverty.Empirical Evidence from Nigeria.J. of Fisheries International, 1(1-2):21-26. \r\n[32]\tOgunsumi, I. O., Ewuola, S. O. and Daramola, A. G. (2005).Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Maize Production Technology on Farmers\u201f Welfare in South West, Nigeria.Journal of Central European Agriculture.6 (1): 15-2.\r\n[33]\tOhajiana, D.O. (2000). Gender, farm size and relative efficiency in rice production systems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria: A profit function. Unpublished Ph.D  Thesis. Federal University of Technology, Owerri.\r\n[34]\tOjo, S. O. and Imoudu, P. B. (2000).\u201cEfficiency Measurement of Palm Oil Marketing in Ekiti State of Nigeria\u201d African Journal of Business and Economic Research.1 (2): 7-12.\r\n[35]\tOkuneye, P. S. (1986). Farmers\u201f Production Behaviour and Agricultural Labour productivity in Nigeria: Social Change. Journal of the Council for Social Development. 16(4): 12 \u2013 19.\r\n[36]\tOladiran, J. O., Ogunniyi, L. T. and Fanifosi, G. E. (2020).Factors Influencing Market Participation among Food Crop farmers in Oyo State: A Double Hurdle Approach. South Asian Research Journal of Agriculture and Fisheries. 2(4) pp 85-92 \r\n[37]\tOladimejiY. U. and Abdulsalam,Z. (2013).Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Patigi Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria, Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(3), 34-39\r\n[38]\tOlarinde, L., Ogunniyi, L., Fanifosi, G.,Adio, M., and Akanbi, E., (2020). Estimating Technical Efficiencies and Productivity Gaps among Smallholder Farmers in and around FADAMA Farming Communities of South-Western Nigeria.Journal of Xi&#8217; an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition16, (9), pp 81-100\r\n[39]\tOyelade, O. A. and Anwanane N. B. (2013).Maize and Cowpea Production in Nigeria. Advances in Agriculture, 3 (11) 1343 \u2013 1358. Oyelade, O. A. and Anwanane N. B. (2013).Maize and Cowpea Production in Nigeria. Advances in Agriculture, 3 (11) 1343 \u2013 1358. \r\n[40]\tOyewole, S.O. and Ebukiba, E. S. (2010). Analysis of Technical Efficiency and its Determinants among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria.Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America \r\n[41]\tTashikalma A. K, Sani, R. M. and Giroh, D. Y.(2014)Comparative Profitability Analysis of selected RainfedTransformation Action Plan. Agricultural Transformation Agenda.Abuja,Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.\r\n[42]\tUsman, S. (2009). The Central Bank of Nigeria: Rural Finance Policies and the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Fund. In After the Reforms: Which Way Forward for Central Banks in Rural finance. AFRACA Rural Finance Series.1: 56\u201361.\r\n[43]\tUsman, A. (2011). Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Niger State.Unpublished MSc. Dissertation.Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.\r\n[44]\tZaknayiba, D.B., Agwale, A. O., and Bello, D. (2014).Profitability Analysis of Cassava Production in Wamba Local Government Area.Production, Agriculture and Technology Journal,: Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology AhmaduBello University \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Matthew Olufemi ADIO and Adebola Toyin OLAOYE &#8220;Technical Efficiency and Profitability among Maize Based Farmer in Kajola Local Government of Oyo State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.545-553 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6131<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/545-553.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/technical-efficiency-and-profitability-among-maize-based-farmer-in-kajola-local-government-of-oyo-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Technical Efficiency and Profitability among Maize Based Farmer in Kajola Local Government of Oyo State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-c28113c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28113c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2812c4\" data-id=\"c2812c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2813e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2813e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c281487 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c281487\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2815d4\" data-id=\"c2815d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2816ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2816ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c281789 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c281789\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2818db\" data-id=\"c2818db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2819ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2819ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c281a8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c281a8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c281bd7\" data-id=\"c281bd7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c281ce4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c281ce4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c281d7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c281d7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c281ee5\" data-id=\"c281ee5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c281fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c281fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28208e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28208e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2821ed\" data-id=\"c2821ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2822f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2822f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c282390 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c282390\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2824fa\" data-id=\"c2824fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c282610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c282610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges of Teaching Civic Education as part of the Integrated Social Studies Curriculum in Zambia: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Chongwe District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sianyama Justine and Dr. Oliver Magasu (PhD)- January 2022- Page No.: 554-562<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2826aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2826aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c282819\" data-id=\"c282819\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c282940 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c282940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study is an exploration of the challenges of teaching Civic Education as part of the integrated Social Studies Curriculum in some secondary schools of Chongwe District in Zambia. A Case study design was used since the study employed a qualitative approach. The total study sample was 24 participants. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify Deputy Headteachers, Heads of Departments (HoDs), teachers, and pupils. Data was collected using an interview guide and a focus group guide. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data. The key findings included difficulties in assessing and consolidating learner results, lack of trained teachers in Social Studies, and inadequate Civic Education contact time. Lastly, it was established that some participants had a negative attitude towards the revised Social Studies because they lacked information on its implementation. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education (MoE) should spearhead Continuing Professional Development activities for teachers, train Social Studies graduates and through the Curriculum Development Center (CDC), carefully revise the substandard teaching and learning materials in schools.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 554-562\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sianyama Justine <\/strong><\/span>\r\nKwame Nkrumah University, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Oliver Magasu (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nKwame Nkrumah University, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tCurriculum Development Centre. (2013). Zambia National Curriculum Framework. Lusaka: \tGovernment Printers\r\n[2]\tDrake, S. M., &#038; Burns, R. C. (2004). Integrated Curriculum, Meeting Standards \tThrough. Virginia USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development\r\n[3]\tDrake, S. M. Reid, J. L. &#038; Kolohon, W. (2014). Interweaving Curriculum and Classroom Assessment: Engaging the 21st Century Learner. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press.\r\n[4]\tExamination Council of Zambia (2017). ECZ in Perspective. News about Examinations Council of Zambia. Issue No. 10.\r\n[5]\tFito, O.  B. (2009). An exploratory Case Study of Citizenship Education in Social Studies of the Solomon Island. Unpublished Master\u2019s thesis: Victoria University of Willington.\r\n[6]\tHangoma, N. A. (2020). Challenges faced in the teaching and learning of Social Studies in selected primary schools in Lusaka District of Zambia. Unpublished Master\u2019s Dissertation. Lusaka: UNZA \r\n[7]\tJamieson, Kathleen Hall (2013). \u201cThe Challenges Facing Civic Education.\u201d Daedalus 142 (Spring): 65\u201383.\r\n[8]\tKantoma, L. (2015). Assessment of the Implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum in Junior Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Zaria: Med. Thesis, Ahamadu Bello University. \r\n[9]\tMagasu, O., Muleya, G. &#038; Mweemba, L. (2020). Reflective Practice in the Teaching of Civic Education in Secondary Schools in Zambia. A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Lusaka District. Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education, Volume 3, Number 3, pp 149 &#8211; 163  \r\n[10]\tMata, L. (2012). Key Factors of Curriculum Innovation in Language Teacher Education. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 66:512-520).Available at: http:\/www.waset.org\/journals\/waste\/v66\/v66-95.pdf (Accessed on 30th April, 2020).\r\n[11]\tMinistry of Education (1996). Educating Our Future. Lusaka: ZEPH. \r\n[12]\tMinistry of General Education, (2019). Summary of the 2019 Grade 9 External and General Certificate of Education (GCE) Examination Results. Lusaka: ECZ.\r\n[13]\tMoobola, L. &#038; Mulenga M.L. (2020).Social Studies Curriculum at Crossroads: Implementation of the secondary school Social Studies curriculum in Chingola district of Zambia. European Journal of Education Studies 7 (3) \r\n[14]\tMuleya, G. (2019). Curriculum Policy and Practice of Civic Education in Zambia: A Reflective Perspective. The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education. pp. 1-11\r\n[15]\tNyambe, T. N. (2015). Primary Teachers&#8217; Experiences of Implementing Assessment Policy in Social Studies in the Okavango Region of Namibia. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University. \r\n[16]\tIsiteketo, J.K. &#038; Siame, I. (2019). Assessment of the Challenges and Opportunities of Teaching Geography in the Integrated Social Studies Curriculum: A Case Study of Mwandi District. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research &#8211; Conference ID: CFP\/1095\/2019\r\n[17]\tParker, C. Walter (2008). Social Studies in Elementary Education: Thirteenth Edition. Amazon, Allyn and Bacon\r\n[18]\tRogan, J. M. &#038; Grayson, D. J. (2003).Towards a theory of implementation with particular reference to Science education in developing countries. International Journal of Science Education, 25(10), 1171-1204\r\n[19]\tSamwimbila, J. (2017). Teacher\u2019s Attitudes towards the Implementation of the Revised Social Studies Curriculum in Selected Secondary Schools in Mufumbwe &#8211; Unpublished. Lusaka: University of Zambia.\r\n[20]\tSilongwe, S. (2019). Social Studies and the Teaching of History at Senior Secondary in Kabwe District, Zambia. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities. Vol. 4 (3)111-119.\r\n[21]\tStack, E. C. (1961). \u201cThe Philosophical Antecedents of the Core Curriculum in Educational \tTheory,\u201d 1800 \u2013 1918. Doctorial diss. University of North Carolina. Dissertation \tAbstracts International 20:1830-1831. (University Microfilms No. 60-4869)\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sianyama Justine and Dr. Oliver Magasu (PhD), &#8220;Challenges of Teaching Civic Education as part of the Integrated Social Studies Curriculum in Zambia: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Chongwe District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.554-562 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/554-562.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/554-562.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenges-of-teaching-civic-education-as-part-of-the-integrated-social-studies-curriculum-in-zambia-a-case-of-selected-secondary-schools-in-chongwe-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Challenges of Teaching Civic Education as part of the Integrated Social Studies Curriculum in Zambia: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Chongwe District<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28374b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c28374b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c283822 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c283822\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2839a2\" data-id=\"c2839a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c283ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c283ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c283b71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c283b71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c283cc5\" data-id=\"c283cc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c283de8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c283de8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c283e87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c283e87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c283fd6\" data-id=\"c283fd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2840e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2840e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c284184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c284184\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2842ca\" data-id=\"c2842ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2843d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2843d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28446c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28446c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2845c0\" data-id=\"c2845c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c284710 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c284710\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2847c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2847c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c284943\" data-id=\"c284943\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c284a4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c284a4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c284ae8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c284ae8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c284c4e\" data-id=\"c284c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c284d60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c284d60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Peace and Security- Essential Tools for National Development<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Nenger Iorkpen &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 563-571<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c284dfd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c284dfd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c284f74\" data-id=\"c284f74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2850af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2850af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Peace and Security are considered all over the world as an avenue for national development. There can hardly be a consequential national development without peace and security in any nation. Ensuring peace and adequate security has to do with a wild range of practical efforts by all stakeholders be they government and civil society organizations functioning at various levels to ensure that the root causes of violence that seemed to be a threat to peace and national development are seriously addressed in a manner that people are free from fear of war, conflicts, kidnapping and all other social vices that deny them of their freedom. This paper, therefore tries to, examine peace and security as necessities for ingredients for ensuring peaceful societies and national development. This work also tries to discuss in detail some of the key concepts, challenges and suggested some way forward. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 563-571\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nenger Iorkpen<\/strong><\/span>\r\nThe Administrative Staff College of Nigeria (ASCON), Topo-Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAchoka JSK, Okoth PG (2008). \u201cEducation and Peace in Conflict Scenarios case of Elgon region in Kenya\u201d. Int. J. Disaster Manage. and Risk Reduction,Vol. No. 2 (On-line)\r\n[2]\tAhamefule, U. How to attain peace and security in Nigeria. Retrieved July 15th, 2013.From: http:\/\/www.african spotlight.com. 2013.\r\n[3]\tAU. (2005, 12th May). Communique of the 29th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council,   PSC\/PR\/Comm (XXIX), Addis Ababa: AUPSC\r\n[4]\tBeswick, D. (2010). \u2018Peacekeeping, Regime Security, and \u201cAfrican Solutions to African Problems\u201d: Exploring Motivations for Rwanda\u2019s Involvement in Darfur.\u2019 Third World Quarterly, 31(5), pp.739-754)\r\n[5]\tCresnet, (2001) Conflict Management Training Manual. USAID\/OTI Isaac Olawale Albert (2001) Introduction to Third Party Peace.\r\n[6]\tDakuku, P. National transformation. Retrieved on 29th May, 2015 from dakukupeterside.com\/national-transformation-the-youth-link.2\/. 2014.\r\n[7]\tEbirim, P.U., I. N. Mbaji, &#038; P. O.Iwuozor(2012). Peace and security challenges in Nigeria. A paper presented at the National Conference Organized by Faculty of Education Unizik, Awka.\r\n[8]\tEgugbo, C.C. (2014). The rule of law and democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Uniuyo\r\n[9]\tElowson, C and Albuquerque, A .L(2016). Challenges to Peace and Security in Eastern Africa: The role of IGAD, EAC and EASF. Studies in African Security: Swedish Research Agency.\r\n[10]\tFranke, B. (2010). \u2018Pre\u0301cis of Security cooperation in Africa: a Reappraisal\u2019, African Security Review, 19(2), pp. 84-96\r\n[11]\tGaltung (2000). Conflict transformation by peaceful means (the Transcend method). New York: United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme. pp. 14 &#038; 16.\r\n[12]\tHarris, J.M (2000) Good Governance and Sustainable Development, Global Development and Environmental Institute Working Paper 00-04, June.\r\n[13]\tHenk, Dan (2005). \u201cHuman security: Relevance and Implication,\u201d Parameters, Vol. 35.\r\n[14]\tIbeanu, O. (2006).  Conceptualizing peace: Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa. Abuja: Spectrum Books. 2006.\r\n[15]\tIzueke, E. M.C., Edwin M. C., Okoli, F.C., and Ifeoma, I. N. (2014). Peaceful Co-Existence: A Tool for Sustainable Development along the Boundary Corridor of Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.Vol.5(27),pp364-370\r\n[16]\tLawal, T and Abe, O. (2011). National development in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and prospects Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research Vol. 3(9), pp.237-241\r\n[17]\tMiller, C., and King, M. (2003) A Glossary of Terms and Concepts in Peace and Conflict Studies. University for Peace, Costa Rica.\r\n[18]\tM\u00f8ller, B. (2009). The African Union as a Security Actor: African Solutions to African Problems? Crisis \tStates Working Papers Series No.2\r\n[19]\tOmeriyang, M. C. , Nnadi,  E. J. and Chukwuto, C. J. (2015).Peace and Security: Necessities for Sustaining National Transformation in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 7: 1-4\r\n[20]\tOtive,  I.(2010). Peace And Security Education: A Critical Factor for Sustainable Peace and National Development. A Paper Presented during the Commemoration of the International day of Peace organized by the Foundation for Peace and Security Education held at the Conference hall of ECOWAS Secretariat Abuja.\r\n[21]\tRwengabo, S. (2016). AMISOM and African-Centred Solutions to Peace and Security Challenges. AfSol Journal Volume 1, Issue 1 pp.5,10 &#038; 89.\r\n[22]\tTickner, J.A. (1994). \u201cRe-visioning Security\u201d in Ken Booth and Steve Smiths (eds). International   Relations Theory Today.\r\n[23]\tTouray, O.A. (2005). \u2018The Common African Defence and Security Policy\u2019, African Affairs, 104(417), \tpp.635-656\r\n[24]\tUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2006) Training Modules 1-4, Abuja. Ministry of States and Local Government: The Presidency.\r\n[25]\tWulf, H. and Debiel, T. (2009). \u2018Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanisms: Tools for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Regional Organisations? A Comparative Study of the AU, ECOWAS, IGAD, ASEAN\/ARF, and PIF\u2019. CRRC, WP No. 49, London: LSE www.un.org\/en\/development.\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nenger Iorkpen, &#8220;Peace and Security- Essential Tools for National Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.563-571 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/563-571.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/563-571.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/peace-and-security-essential-tools-for-national-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Peace and Security- Essential Tools for National Development<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c285e90 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c285e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c285f5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c285f5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2860d4\" data-id=\"c2860d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2861f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2861f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28629f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28629f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2863f0\" data-id=\"c2863f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c286501 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c286501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28659f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28659f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c286727\" data-id=\"c286727\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28684d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28684d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2868f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2868f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c286a46\" data-id=\"c286a46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c286b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c286b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c286bf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c286bf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c286d33\" data-id=\"c286d33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c286e39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c286e39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c286ed6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c286ed6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c287030\" data-id=\"c287030\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c287136 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c287136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2871d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2871d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28733e\" data-id=\"c28733e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28746a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28746a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Map of Political Party Ideology in the Four Elections of the Regional Head of the Governor of West Sumatra Period 2005, 2010, 2015 And 2020 (A Comparisonal Study of Politics)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Prof. Dr. Sri Zul Chairiyah &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 572-581<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c287508 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c287508\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c287675\" data-id=\"c287675\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28779a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c28779a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION\r\nIn this reform era, Indonesia has succeeded in carrying out both elections and local elections in a democratic manner and periodically every five years. The implementation of the Regional head elections is the result of the implementation after the legislative elections as stipulated in the Regional head elections. The first election was held after the second legislative election after the reform, but the winner of the regional election was not always based on the winner of the legislative election. For example, the 2005 Regional head elections  in West Sumatra was won by a coalition of political parties supporting the regional head, namely Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle and Star Moon Party. In fact, the winner of the political party in the 2004 legislative elections in West Sumatra was the Working Group Party. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 572-581\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6132<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Dr. Sri Zul Chairiyah<\/strong>\r\nPadjadjaran University, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\na) Published and unpublished sources\r\n[1]\tBudiardjo Miriam, Partisipasi dan Partai Politik, Jakarta : Gramedia, 1981\r\n[2]\tEvans, Kevin Raymond. Sejarah Pemilu dan Partai Politik di Indonesia,  Jakarta: PT. Arise Consultancies, 1997\r\n[3]\tFeith Herbert &#038; L.Castles, (Ed), Pemikiran Politik Indonesia 1945-1965, Terjemahan dari USAID, Jakarta : LP3ES, 1988\r\n[4]\tJurnal Penelitian Politik, Pemilu Legislatif tahun 2004, Jakarta : LIPI, Vol.1 No.1 2004\r\n[5]\tJurnal Penelitian Politik, Kisruh Pemilu 2009, Jakarta : LIPI, Vol.6 No.1 2009\r\n[6]\tNurzaman Asep, Peta Baru Ideologi Partai Politik Indonesia, dalam   http:\/\/ejournal.umm.ac.id\/index.php\/bestari\/article\/view\/126 \r\n[7]\tSanit Arbi, Tarik Menarik Antara Politisi Ulama dan Politisasi Pengusaha, dalam Syamsuddin Haris (Ed) Pemilu  Langsung di tengah Oligarki Partai, Jakarta : Gramedia, 2005\r\n[8]\tSurbakti Ramlan,. Memahami Ideologi Politik, Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia, 1992\r\n[9]\tWare Alan, Political Parties and Party System, New York : Oxford University Press,1996 \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Dr. Sri Zul Chairiyah &#8220;Map of Political Party Ideology in the Four Elections of the Regional Head of the Governor of West Sumatra Period 2005, 2010, 2015 And 2020 (A Comparisonal Study of Politics)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.572-581 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6132<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/572-581.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/map-of-political-party-ideology-in-the-four-elections-of-the-regional-head-of-the-governor-of-west-sumatra-period-2005-2010-2015-and-2020a-comparisonal-study-of-politics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Map of Political Party Ideology in the Four Elections of the Regional Head of the Governor of West Sumatra Period 2005, 2010, 2015 And 2020 (A Comparisonal Study of Politics)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c288546 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c288546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28861b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28861b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c288792\" data-id=\"c288792\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2888a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2888a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c288947 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c288947\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c288a9e\" data-id=\"c288a9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c288bb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c288bb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c288c4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c288c4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c288d99\" data-id=\"c288d99\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c288ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c288ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c288f44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c288f44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c289089\" data-id=\"c289089\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28918f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28918f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c289227 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c289227\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c289372\" data-id=\"c289372\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c289479 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c289479\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c289511 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c289511\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28965d\" data-id=\"c28965d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28976b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28976b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c289809 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c289809\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c289976\" data-id=\"c289976\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c289a7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c289a7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Socio-economic Determinants to Adoption of Tropical Mosaic Selection TMS Cassava Varieties by Small- holder Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ume, S. I, Edeh, O N and Udefi, O I.- January 2022- Page No.: 582-587<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c289b31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c289b31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c289ca3\" data-id=\"c289ca3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c289dd4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c289dd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study was to determine factors influencing the rate and level of adoption of Tropical Mosaic Selection (TMS) cassava variety with presumptuous that the two decisions process were separate. The double-hurdle model was employed to address the objective with this important peculiarity in mind. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from one hundred and twenty  cassava farmers that were selected using  multi-staged random selection procedures. Results indicated that 56.7%of the sampled farmers reported adoption of TMS cassava variety with a mean proportion of 0.48.  Farmers&#8217; decision on adoption of TMS cassava technology was positively affected by extension services,  farm size, educational level and fertilizer  . On the other hand, farmers&#8217; decision on level of adoption of improved cassava varieties was significantly affected by years of adoption experience and  extension services that were positively signed, whilst fertilizer had indirect relationship with the dependent variable. The need to enhance the farmers\u2019 access to educational programme, extension services and adequate farm holding were recommended\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 582-587\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ume, S. I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Federal College of  Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ivo local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Edeh, O N<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI), Igbariam Sub \u2013 Station, Anambra State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Udefi, O I.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nNigeria Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI), Yaba Lagos, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAgwu. A S and Anyaeche, J.S (2007) Adoption of Improved Cassava Production and Processing Technologies in Arochukwu L.G.A of Abia State. Nigeria Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. Vol. S, No.1pp 26-35.\r\n[2]\tAlene, A. D, Abdoulaye, T. Kulakow, P, and Manyong, V M (2012). \u201cAdoption of Improved Cassava Varieties in Southwestern Nigeria. Diffusion and Impact of Improved Varieties In Africa (DIVA).\u201d Objective 2 Technical Report, IITA-Malawi, October.\r\n[3]\tCragg, J. (1971). Some statistical models for limited dependent variables with application to the demand for durable goods. Econometrica, 39(5), 829\u2013844.\r\n[4]\tGreene, W. H. (2008). The econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth, 1(1), 92\u2013250. \r\n[5]\tFAOSTAT. (2018). Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations  http:\/\/faostat.fao.org\/ site\/339\/default.aspx. Accessed January 7, 2018.\r\n[6]\tIbitoye, S. J. (2011). \u201cThe Influence of Socio-Economic Variables of Farmers on Their Choice of Cassava Varieties in Kogi State, Nigeria.\u201d International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology, 1(4): 185\u2013193. \r\n[7]\tIkpi, A. (1988). \u201cMonitoring and Evaluating Household Food Security and Nutrition Projects.\u201d IITA-UNICEF Collaborative Program Report, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n[8]\tLabeaga, J. M. (1999). A Double-Hurdle Rational Addiction Model with Heterogeneity: Estimating the Demand for Tobacco. Journal of Econometrics 93, 49-72.\r\n[9]\tNational Population Commission (NPC) (2006). Statistical Bulletin of Nigeria Population census\r\n[10]\tNwakor, F. N., G. E. Ifenkwe, B. C. Okoye, F. N. Onummadu, H. N. Anyaegbunam, T. O. Ekedo, and C. E. Onyia. (2011). \u201cSocio- Economic Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Cassava Varieties among Farmers in Abia State.\u201d Journal of Agriculture and Social Research, 11(1): 63\u201371. \r\n[11]\tNweke, F. (2004.). New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana. EPTD Discussion Paper No. 118. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, Environment, Production, and Technology Division. \r\n[12]\tTeklewold, H;  Dadi,L Yami, A and Dana, N; (2006)Determinants of adoption of poultry technology: a double-hurdle approach Livestock Research for Rural areas 3; 18\u201421.\r\n[13]\tUme, S I, Onuh, N C, Jiwuba, F O and Onunka, B N (2018). Technical Efficiency Among TMS Cassava Variety Small Holder Farmers In Ivo Local Government Area Of Ebonyi State. Asian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Sociology. 7(2)1- 12 \r\n[14]\tUme, S I, Nnadozie AKO, Udefi I O, andAmeh, J O(2020).Logistic Model Analysis of Adoption of NERICA among Smallholder Farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria.International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume IV, Issue IX, September 2020; Page 487\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ume, S. I, Edeh, O N and Udefi, O I., &#8220;Socio-economic Determinants to Adoption of Tropical Mosaic Selection TMS Cassava Varieties by Small- holder Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.582-587 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2021.51229<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/582-587.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/socio-economic-determinants-to-adoption-of-tropical-mosaic-selection-tms-cassava-varieties-by-small-holder-farmers-in-abia-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Socio-economic Determinants to Adoption of Tropical Mosaic Selection TMS Cassava Varieties by Small- holder Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28abc0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c28abc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28b7ca\" data-id=\"c28b7ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28b8da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28b8da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28b978 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28b978\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28bad7\" data-id=\"c28bad7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28bbdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28bbdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28bc80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28bc80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28bdc5\" data-id=\"c28bdc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28bed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28bed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28bf6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28bf6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28c0d3\" data-id=\"c28c0d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28c1e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28c1e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Localizing Integrative Approaches in Civic Education: Towards development of Moral and Civic Competencies of Secondary School Learners<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Davy Mainde, Daniel L. Mpolomoka, Maximus Mwansa- January 2022- Page No.: 588-596<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28c286 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28c286\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28c3fa\" data-id=\"c28c3fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28c53c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c28c53c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2031\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study examined localizing Civic Education\u2019s integrative approaches on the development of moral and civic competencies among secondary school learners. A descriptive research design was used targeting 96 respondents who were selected to participate in collecting primary data which was analyzed thematically. The study used \u2018Social Learning Theory\u2019 expounded by Albert Bandura which stresses the importance of observation and imitation of behavioural samples, which meet moral standards of the society. Through this theory, it is hopeful that learners will observe and imitate positive community behaviours which will be integrated with Civic Education\u2019s integrative approaches in developing moral and civic competencies in the community. The common themes that emerged were: human rights recognition, instilling feeling of patriotism, social justice promotion, respect for the Rule of Law and molding moral conduct in society. After thorough engagement with literature and primary data provided, the study recommends the formulation of a National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) which will be responsible for the education of Zambians on civic matters, especially those who are still in secondary schools; and school administrators should collaborate with cooperating partners to act as role models in teaching Civic Education. This study has highlighted key areas which need to be considered in teaching Civic Education in secondary schools.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 588-596\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 February 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6135<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2032\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Davy Mainde<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLusaka West Day Secondary School\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daniel L. Mpolomoka<\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch and Consultancy Unit, Zambian Open University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maximus Mwansa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Education, Zambian Open University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2033\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAwoniyi Samuel Adebayo, A.S. and Zimba, F.L. (2014). Perceptions of Teachers and Learners on the Effectiveness of Civic Education in the Development of Civic Competency among Learners in Chipata District, Zambia. European Scientific Journal. 10(7), pp. 425-435.\r\n[2]\tBanda, S., Mpolomoka, D.L., Mbono, D. and Sampa, R.L. (2017). Use of questions in qualitative research: How questions guided our study, International Journal of Development Research, 7, (12).\r\n[3]\tBranson, M.S. and Quigley, C.N. (1998). The Role of Civic Education. New York.\r\n[4]\tChurch, J. (2003). Definition, Diagnosis and Treatment of Children and Youth with severe Behavioral Difficulties: A Review of the Research. Wellington, New Zealand.\r\n[5]\tCreswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry &#038; research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.\r\n[6]\tEdinyang, S.D. (2016). The Significance of Social Learning Theories in the Teaching of Social Studies Education. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Research. 2(1), 40-45.\r\n[7]\tGarc\u00eda, H.P, Carbonero, M.A. and Luis, J.M.A. (2020).  The Moral Competence of Spanish Councillors. www.mdpi.com\/journal\/sustainability.\r\n[8]\tGayane, S. (2016). Democracy and Development in the Making: Civic Participation in Armenia; Challenges, Opportunities. A dissertation submitted to the doctoral school of local development and global dynamics in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctoral degree (Ph.D.) in Local Development and Global Dynamics. University of Trento.\r\n[9]\tHamainza, V., Mambwe, M., Simwatachela, R., Mundende, K., Simui, F. and Muleya, G. (2020). Leveraging Civic Education as a Strategic Approach in Managing Conflicts among Health Workers in Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). IV(XII), pp. 472-475.\r\n[10]\tHoskins, B., Villalba, C. M.H. and Saisana, M. (2012). The 2011 Civic Competence Composite Indicator (CCCI-2). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. \r\n[11]\tIrish Aid Report (2002). The Context of the Development of High School Civic Education. Lusaka: Irish Aid. \r\n[12]\tKaumba, C., Malambo K.Y., and Mwanza, C. (2020). Civic Competences: What does an Outcomes Based Curriculum mean for a Civic Education Teacher in Zambia? International Journal of Education and Research. 8(6), pp. 87-104. \r\n[13]\tMagasu, O. (2021). Domesticating Kolb\u201fs Experiential Learning Model into the Teaching of Civic Education: A Case of Secondary Schools in Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). V(VII), pp. 25-31.\r\n[14]\tMagasu, O., Muleya, G. &#038; Mweemba, L. (2020b). Pedagogical Challenges in Teaching Civic Education in Secondary Schools in Zambia, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR),9(3), 1483-1488. \r\n[15]\tMainde, D. (2018). The Teaching of Civic Education in Zambian Schools: A Tool for Conflict Resolution in the Community. A Study of Selected Schools of Lusaka Province. A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in collaboration with Zimbabwe Open University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree in Masters Science in Peace, Leadership and Conflict Resolution. Lusaka.\r\n[16]\tMainde, D. and Chola, D.K. (2020). The Teaching of Civic Education in Zambian Secondary Schools as a Strategy for Effective Political Participation. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). IV (XII), pp. 293-301.\r\n[17]\tMainde, D., Chola, D.K., &#038; Mpolomoka, D.L. (2021). Interrogating Civic Education Pedagogies that Stimulate Political Participation in Selected Secondary Schools in Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 5(2), 269-279. \r\n[18]\tMbangweta, S. (2017). An Investigation of the Role of Civic Education in the Governance of Schools in Selected Secondary Schools in Lusaka Province &#8211; Zambia. A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Zambia in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Master\u2019s Degree in Education (Civic Education). Lusaka.\r\n[19]\tMOESVTEE (2013). Zambia Education Curriculum Framework 2013. Lusaka: CDC.\r\n[20]\tMufalo, M.S. (2021). Exploring Civic Education as a Catalyst to Learner Transformation in Zambian Schools: A Glance on the Developed Civic Education Pedagogical Content Knowledge (CEPCK) Model. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI). VIII (VII), pp. 89-95. \r\n[21]\tMufalo, S.M., Muleya, G. and Simui, F. (2021). Exploring the Global Emergence of Social Studies at Junior Secondary School: A Glance on Literature Review. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS). V (VII), pp. 694-703.\r\n[22]\tMuleya, G. (2015). The teaching of Civic Education in Zambia: An Examination of trends in the teaching of Civic Education in Schools. PhD dissertation: University of South Africa.\r\n[23]\tMuleya, G. (2019). Curriculum Policy and Practice of Civic Education in Zambia: A Reflective Perspective, In A. Petersen etal. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education. https:\/\/doi\/10.007\/978-3-319-67905-153-1.\r\n[24]\tMuleya, G. (2019). Re-examining the Concept of Civic Education. Journal of Lexicography and Terminology. 2(2), pp. 25-42.\r\n[25]\tNie, N. and Sunshine, D.H. (2001). Education and Democratic Citizenship, in Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society. New Haven: Yale University Press.\r\n[26]\tOleg, P. and Moskau, R. (2008). Technology-based Ways of Measurement. Inaugural-Dissertation. \r\n[27]\tOwen, D. (2015). High School Students\u2019 Acquisition of Civic Disposition: The Impact of We the people. Chicago: Follet Publishing Company\r\n[28]\tPi\u00f1gul, F.S. (2015). Measuring the Impact of a Supplemental Civic Education Program on Students\u201f Civic Attitude and Efficacy Beliefs. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 3(2), pp. 61- 69.\r\n[29]\tRanjit, K. (2005). Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, (2nd ed.). Singapore: Pearson Education.\r\n[30]\tSousa, D.S. (2017). \u2018Revolution\u2019, Democracy and Education: An investigation of Early Childhood Education in Portugal. A Thesis submitted to the University College London (UCL). London.\r\n[31]\tStanford, A. (2007). Civic Education and Peace building: Examples from Iraq and Sudan. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.  \r\n[32]\tWestheimer, J. (2006). Politics and Patriotism in Education: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/275514826.\r\n[33]\tZiile, M., Muleya, G. and Simui, F. (2021). Orphans Rights in Accessing the Educational Support in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Lusaka, Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) V(II), pp. 165-171.\r\n[34]\tZimba, F.L. (2014). Perceptions of Teachers and Learners on the Effectiveness of Civic Education in the development of Civic Competency among Learners. Bulawayo: Solusi University. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2034\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2034\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Davy Mainde, Daniel L. Mpolomoka, Maximus Mwansa, &#8220;Localizing Integrative Approaches in Civic Education: Towards development of Moral and Civic Competencies of Secondary School Learners&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.588-596 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6135<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2035\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2035\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/588-596.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2036\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2036\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/localizing-integrative-approaches-in-civic-education-towards-development-of-moral-and-civic-competencies-of-secondary-school-learners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Localizing Integrative Approaches in Civic Education: Towards development of Moral and Civic Competencies of Secondary School Learners<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28d3f0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c28d3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28d4d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28d4d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28d685\" data-id=\"c28d685\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28d7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28d7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28d85f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28d85f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28d9bf\" data-id=\"c28d9bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28dac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28dac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28db67 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28db67\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28dcbe\" data-id=\"c28dcbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28ddd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28ddd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28de6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28de6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28dfbe\" data-id=\"c28dfbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28e0c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28e0c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28e184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28e184\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28e2ca\" data-id=\"c28e2ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28e3d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28e3d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28e477 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28e477\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28e5c0\" data-id=\"c28e5c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28e6c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28e6c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28e76a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28e76a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28e8c6\" data-id=\"c28e8c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28e9d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c28e9d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Bushenyi District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Elias Mugooha, Dr. Mohammad Ssendagi- January 2022- Page No.: 597-607<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c28ea70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c28ea70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c28ebec\" data-id=\"c28ebec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28ed21 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c28ed21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study investigated the relationship between credit risk management and the financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi District. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between credit risk identification and financial performance, established the relationship between credit risk assessment and financial performance, investigated the relationship between credit monitoring and financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi District and investigated the moderating influence of management structure. A cross sectional case study design which was both quantitative and qualitative in approach was used to study a sample of 86 respondents who were purposively and systematically selected. This sample was arrived at using Krejcie &#038; Morgan (1970) Table for sample size determination. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, interview guide and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS (21.0 version) while qualitative data was thematically integrated into quantitative results after content analysis. Generally, the study established a positive significant relationship (r=0.633, p<0.01) between credit risk management and the financial performance of SACCOs. Specifically, the study established a negative significant correlation (r=-0.492, p<0.01) between credit risk identification and the financial performance of SACCOs, a positive significant correlation (r=0.245, p<0.05) between credit risk assessment and the financial performance of SACCOs and a positive significant correlation (r=0.245, p<0.01) between credit risk monitoring and the financial performance of SACCOs. It was concluded that improving on credit risk management would significantly improve on the financial performance of SACCOs in Bushenyi District. The researcher recommended that credit risk assessment and credit risk monitoring be improved in order to improve the financial performance of SACCOs while credit risk identification process be overhauled in order to eliminate its negative contribution. It was further recommended that the oversight role of management should be aligned with specific areas of risk management such as consumer or commercial loans risk for it has a significant contribution on the financial performance of these institutions,\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 597-607\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elias Mugoohai<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Graduate Studies and Research, Team University, Plot 446, Kabaka Ajagara.rd, Kampala-Uganda\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mohammad Ssendagi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Graduate Studies and Research, Team University, Plot 446, Kabaka Ajagara.rd, Kampala-Uganda\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAltman, E.I., Hartzell, J., Peck, M., (1995). \u201cA Scoring System for Emerging Market Corporate Debt\u201d, Salomon Brothers, 15 May.\r\n[2]\tBasel Committee on Bank Supervision. (2003). Overview of the New Basel Capital Accord: Consultative Document (April). http:\/\/www.bis.org\/bcbs\/cp3ov.pdf\r\n[3]\tBasel Committee on Banking Supervision (2006). Sound credit risk Assessment and valuation for loans. Bank for international Settlements. \r\n[4]\tBerger, A. and Udell, G.(2003.) \u201cSecuritization, Risk, and the Liquidity Problem in Banking,\u201d Structural Change in Banking, M. Klausner and L. White, editors, Irwin Publishers, Illinois.\r\n[5]\tBOU (2017). &#8220;Non-Banking financial institutions Department (NBFI): Overview&#8221;. BOU\r\n[6]\tBrealey, R., Myers, S. &#038; Allen, F. 2008. Principles of corporate finance, 8th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.\r\n[7]\tByabashaija, D. Mbyemeire, P. &#038; Zikanga, D.K. et al (2017). Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives: A Perspective of Kyamuhunga Peoples Village Bank, Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(2):73-76.\r\n[8]\tCreswell, J. (2014). Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fourth Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\r\n[9]\tDaley-Harris, Sam. 2007. \u201cState of the Micro-Credit Summit Campaign Report\u201d. World Bank.\r\n[10]\tDeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale Development: Theory and Applications, 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\r\n[11]\tDrost, E.L. (2011). Validity and Reliability in Social Science Research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1):103-125.\r\n[12]\tFallon, W., (2006). \u201cCalculating Value-at-Risk,\u201d Wharton Financial Institutions Center, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Working Paper 96-49.\r\n[13]\tFincham, J.E. (2008). Response Rates and Responsiveness for Surveys, Standards, and the Journal.  American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72 (2):1-3. firms in Malta. Managerial Finance, 40(6), 587-612.\r\n[14]\tKagoyire, A., &#038; Shukla, J. (2016). Effect of Credit Management on Performance of commercial Banks in Rwanda (A Case Study of Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd). International Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(4), 1-12. Kampala: Bank of Uganda (BOU). Retrieved 8 August 2016. \r\n[15]\tKrejcie, R. &#038; Morgan, D. (1970). Determining sample size for Research activities, Educational and Psychological measurement, 30, 607 \u2013 610.\r\n[16]\tMugenda, O.M. &#038; Mugenda, A.G. (1999). Research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. ACTS. Nairobi: Nairobi UNON Publishing Services section.\r\n[17]\tNew Vision, 01. 08 2017.  Bushenyi has the best performing SACCOs. Vision Publishing Ltd. \r\n[18]\tNuwagaba, A. (2012). Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) As a Source of Financing Agriculture. Challenges and Lessons Learnt.\r\n[19]\tReilly, F. K. and Brown, K. C. (2011). Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. Australia: South-Western. Research and Innovation, 8(1), 69-76.\r\n[20]\tSekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. Singapore. \r\n[21]\tTavakol, M. &#038; Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, (4):53-55.\r\n[22]\tTEAM (2017). Audited financial statements of SACCOs in Uganda. TEAM &#038; Company Certified Public Accountants Ltd. \r\n[23]\tVan Grueing, H. &#038; Brantanovic, S. J. (2008). Analyzing and Managing Banking risk; A framework for Assessing Corporate Governance; Second Edition. \r\n[24]\tVan Horne, J.C. (2004).  Financial Management and Policy, 5th ed., Englewood Cliffs NJ, Prentice Hall.\r\n[25]\tWaltz, C.F., Strickland, O.L., &#038; Lenz, E.R. (2005). Measurement in nursing a\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Elias Mugooha, Dr. Mohammad Ssendagi, &#8220;Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Bushenyi District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.597-607 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/597-607.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/597-607.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/credit-risk-management-and-financial-performance-of-savings-and-credit-cooperatives-in-bushenyi-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Credit Risk Management and Financial Performance of Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Bushenyi District<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c28fb43 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2902a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2903f2\" data-id=\"c2903f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c290556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c290556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29062b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29062b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2907ae\" data-id=\"c2907ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29092b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29092b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2909e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2909e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c290b88\" data-id=\"c290b88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c290cf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c290cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c290db9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c290db9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c290f72\" data-id=\"c290f72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2910da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2910da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2911b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2911b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29134b\" data-id=\"c29134b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c291481 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c291481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling Programmes and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Edo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>OSUMAH, Obaze Agbonluae, Ph.D- January 2022- Page No.: 608-615<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c291531 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c291531\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2916d3\" data-id=\"c2916d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29182a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c29182a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study assessed comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes and academic achievement of secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. This was a correlation study based on survey research design. A sample of two thousand, two hundred secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria were selected for the study. A validated instrument titled \u201cComprehensive Guidance and Counselling Programmes and Students\u2019 Academic Achievement Questionnaire (CGCPSAAQ)\u201d was used for collection of data for the study. The instrument was administered on the participants by the researcher and five research assistants specifically trained for the purpose. Data collected were analyzed using t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC). The analyses yielded the following results: that there was significant relationship between comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes and academic achievement of students in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria and the significant relationship between comprehensive guidance programmes and achievement outcomes of secondary school students in Edo State, Nigeria was gender, school location and school type based. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations among others were made: government should put in place comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes in all secondary schools and qualified guidance counsellors who are the drivers of counselling programmes should be employed in all secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 608-615\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6136<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OSUMAH, Obaze Agbonluae, Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAlexitch, L.R.&Page; 1 (1992). Evaluation of Academic and Career Counselling Information and its Relation to Students Education, Orientation. Canada Journal of Counselling, 31(3):205-218.\r\n[2]\tAmerican School Counsellor Association (2005). Empirical Research Studies Supporting the Value of School Counselling. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.schoolcounsellor.org\/asca\/media\/asca\/careers-roles\/effectiveness.pdf\r\n[3]\tArmacost, R.L (1990). High School Stress and the Roles of Counselling. In School Counsellor, 38(2):105-112.\r\n[4]\tBaker, S.B., &#038; Gerler, E.R, (2001). Counselling in Schools in D.C. Locke, J.E. Myer., and E.L. Her(Eds). The Handbook  of Counselling, Thousand Oaks, C.A Sage Publications.\r\n[5]\tBanathy. B.H.(1992). A System View of Education Concepts and Principle for Effective Practice. Englewood Cliffs NJ, Education Technology.\r\n[6]\tBemak,F. &#038; Cornely, 1.(2002). The SAFI model as a critical link between marginalized families and schools: A literature review and strategies for school counsellors.  Journal of Counselling and Development, 80(3):322-331.\r\n[7]\tBogonko, S.N.(1992). Reflections Education in East Africa. Nairobi Oxford University Press.\r\n[8]\tBruce, M.A.&#038; Cockreham, D. (2004). Enhancing Spiritual Development of Adolescent Girls. In Professional School Counselling, 7(5): 334-342.\r\n[9]\tCheck, J.R., Beadley, I.J., Reynolds, J. and Cay, D. (2002). An intervention for helping elementary students reduce test anxiety. Professional School counseling 6(2):162-164.\r\n[10]\tErford, B.T., Bardhoshi, G., Ross, M., Gunther, C. and Duncan, K. (2017).\u201d Meta-Anaysis of Counselling Outcomes for youth with Conduct Disorders\u201d Journal of Counselling &#038; Development, 95(1):35-44.\r\n[11]\tEkundayo. D.O.S. (2019) Education in Nigeria is mass from top to bottom. Fine things can fix it. The conversation (the conversation.com \r\n[12]\tEssuman, J.K.(2007). Guidance and Counselling in Basic and Secondary Schools in Ghana. Journal of Counselling, Education and Psychology,(2):142-143.\r\n[13]\tFederal Republic of Nigeria (2004). National Policy on Education. Lagos: Federal Republic Nigeria Publishers \r\n[14]\tGreat School Partnership (2019). Students Outcomes. The Glossary of Education Reform.\r\n[15]\tHawkins, P. (2002).Understanding Management and Examination Practices. Nigeria; NERDC Press.\r\n[16]\tHayes s, R.I., Nelson, J., Tabin, M., Pearson, S. &#038; Worthy, C. (2002). Using School-wide data to advocate for student success. Professional School Counselling, 6(2):86-95.\r\n[17]\tJones, R.(2001). Suicide Watch: What can you do to stop children from killing themselves. American School Board Journal May, 16-21.\r\n[18]\tLapan, R.T., Tucker, B. Kin, S. &#038; Koschilek, J.F. (2003). Preparing rural adolescents for post-high school transition, Journal of Counselling and Development, 81(3):329-342.\r\n[19]\tNasibi, W.M.W. (2003), Discipline: Guidance in Schools in Nairobi. Strong wall Africa\r\n[20]\tNwonyuku, K. (2017). Impact of Guidance and Counselling on performance of secondary schools in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria, National Teachers Institute, Kaduna, Kaduna State Nigeria.\r\n[21]\tOkobiah, O.C.&#038; Okorodudu, R.I.(2004). Concepts of guidance and counselling. In issues, concepts, theories and techniques of guidance and counselling. Benin city: Ethiope Publishing Corporation.\r\n[22]\tOlayinka, M.S (2001). Counselling needs of the adult learner. Nigeria: Jaja Printing Press.\r\n[23]\tSchaefer-Schriumo, k. &#038; Ginsberg, A.P (2003). The effectiveness of the warning signs program in educating youth about violence prevention: A study with urban high school students. Professional School Counselling, 7(1):1-8.\r\n[24]\tSink, C.A.&#038; Stroh, H.R., (2003). Raising achievement test scores of early elementary school students through comprehensive school counseling programs. Professional School Counselling, 6(5)350-364.\r\n[25]\tSpark Notes Editors. \u201cSpark Notes: The Great Gatsby.\u201d Spark Notes.com, 2005. December 12, 2019.\r\n[26]\tStandard, R.P. (2003). High school graduation rates in the United States: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Counselling and Development, 81(2):217-224.\r\n[27]\tStudent Poll (2000). Art &#038; Science Group, Inc. 4:2,1-10. Available at http\/\/www.artsci.com. \r\n[28]\tUNESCO (2000) Module 8. Guidance and Counselling Programme Development Botswana.\r\n[29]\tVan, D.W. and Knoetse, I. (2004). Violence as an Impediment to a Culture of Teaching and Learning in some South African Schools. South African Journal of Education vol. 24 (2) 11-17.\r\n[30]\tWhiston, S.C., Tai, W.L., Rhardja, D. and Eder, K. (2003). \u201cDoes treatment modality affect career counseling effectiveness? \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">OSUMAH, Obaze Agbonluae, Ph.D, &#8220;Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling Programmes and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Edo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.608-615 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6136<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/608-615.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comprehensive-guidance-and-counselling-programmes-and-academic-achievement-of-secondary-school-students-in-edo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling Programmes and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Edo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29280e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c29280e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2928f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2928f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c292a8e\" data-id=\"c292a8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c292bd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c292bd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c292c7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c292c7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c292de2\" data-id=\"c292de2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c292f12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c292f12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c292fe7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c292fe7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c293152\" data-id=\"c293152\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c293282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c293282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c293339 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c293339\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29349e\" data-id=\"c29349e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2935cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2935cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c293674 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c293674\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2937cd\" data-id=\"c2937cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2938da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2938da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c293985 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c293985\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c293ada\" data-id=\"c293ada\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c293bef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c293bef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c293c91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c293c91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c293e04\" data-id=\"c293e04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c293f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c293f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Internet Literature in Arabic: A Case Study of Arabic Short Stories in <i>An-Naba<\/i> Newspaper, Iraq<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gita Amanda Alfitria, Maman Lesmana &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 616-623<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c293fc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c293fc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29413f\" data-id=\"c29413f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29427b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c29427b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research discussed about how the forms and content of Arabic short stories on An-naba Arabic newspaper.  The purpose of this research to explain form and content and differentiate the short stories out of internet and to short stories which published in print and knowing the characteristic of online literature especially Arabic short stories which are published in An-naba Arabic newspaper.This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, literature study and content analysis methods and using hypertext theory by Theodore H. Nelson. The results of this research that form of these arabic short stories similar to short stories which published in print while the content of these stories shortest than stories published in print and the sequel of this stories in the Arabic short stories looked like continuing<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 616-623\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6137<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gita Amanda Alfitria<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maman Lesmana<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tNurgiyantoro, Burhan. (1995). TeoriPengkajianFiksi. Yogyakarta. Gajah Mada University Press.\r\n[2]\tLandouw, George. P. (2006). Hypertext 3.0 Critical Theory and New Media in Era of Globalization. USA: John Hopkins University Press.\r\n[3]\tSanz, Amelia; Romero Dolores. (2007). Literatures in the Digital Era: Theory and Praxis. UK: (LEETHI Group) Cambridge Scholars Publishing. \r\n[4]\tSiswanto, Wahyudi. (2008). PengantarTeori Sastra. Jakarta: Grasindo\r\n[5]\tLahlali, El Musthapa. (2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Edinburgh: Edinburg University Press \r\n[6]\tLewis, Bernard. (2011). The End of Modern History in The Middle East. California:  Hoover Stanford press. \r\n[7]\tMellor, Noha Nabil Dajani, et all. (2011). Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries. Cambridge: Polity Press. \r\n[8]\tAntilan, Purba. (2011). PengantarIlmu Sastra. Medan: USU Press. \r\n[9]\tGunter, Barier&#038; Dickinson, Roger. (2013). News Media in Arab World. A study of 10 Arab and Muslim World. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing\r\n[10]\tBustam, Betty Mauli Rosa dkk. (2015). Sejarah Sastra Arab dariBerbagaiPerskpektif. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. \r\n[11]\tElnaili, Safa, (2018), Female Protagonist in Libyan Short Story Post the Arab Spring: A Critical Discourse Analysis, in International Journal of Language and Linguistics 5 (2), pp.10-15.\r\n[12]\tEriyanto. (2015). Analisis Isi: PengantarMetodologiUntukPenelitianIlmuKomunikasidanIlmu-IlmuSosialLainnya. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group. \r\n[13]\tNasrullah, Rulli. (2016). TeoridanRiset Media Siber. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group. \r\n[14]\tWicaksono, Andri. (2017). PengkajianProsaFiksi (EdisiRevisi). Yogyakarta: Garudhawaca. \r\n[15]\tPratama, BayuIndra. (2017). EtnografiDunia Maya Internet. Malang: UB Press.\r\n[16]\tSutrisna. (2018). PengantarTeori Sastra. Yogyakarta: Elmatera\r\n[17]\tAnggito, Albi; Setiawan, Johan. (2018). MetodePenelitianKualitatif. Sukabumi: CV Jejak. \r\n[18]\tEmzir; Rohman, Saifur. (2018). TeoridanPengajaran Sastra. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada\r\n[19]\tPepe, Teresa. (2019). Blogging from Egypt Digital Literature, 2005-2016. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press\r\n[20]\tAhmad, Bachrudin. (2019). Sastrawan Arab Modern. Jakarta: Guepedia. \r\n[21]\tLesmana, Maman. (2019). Cara PenulisanKaryaIlmiahUntukTujuanAkademik. Depok: Males Arts Studio\r\n[22]\tLenze, Nele. (2019). Politics and Digital Literature in the Middle East Perspective on Online Text and Context. Switxerland: Springer International Publishing\r\n[23]\tSatinem. (2019). ApresiasiProsaFiksi: Teori, MetodedanPenerapannya. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. \r\n[24]\tTaufik, Tata. (2020).Dakwah Era Digital.Kuningan: Pustaka Al-Ikhlash. \r\n[25]\tLenze, Nele. (2012). \u201cTelling stories online in the Gulf Prolegomena to the study of an emerging form of Arabic literary expression\u201d. Tesis:University of Oslo. \r\n[26]\tYusuf, Kamal. (2013). \u201cCybersastraSebagaiTemaPenelitiandanPemanfaatanKarya Sastra Arab Online. \r\n[27]\tFU, Mexing. (2019). \u201cNew Wine in Old Bottles: Contemporary Chinese Online Allegorical Ghost Stories as Political Comentary\u201d. Jurnal: University Shanghai, Cina.   https:\/\/annabaa.org\/accessed on 15 September 2020  \r\n[28]\tAl-Lawati, Abbas. (2009, Febuari 27). Internet Globalises Arabic Literature. accessed on 2 Oktober 2020 from https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/entertainment\/arts-culture\/internet-globalises-arabic-literature-1.53696\r\n[29]\tKinnet, Dylan. (2004).The History of and Development of Hypertext and Hypertext Literary Theor. accessed on 12 Oktober 2020 from https:\/\/nocategories.net\/hypertext\/chapter_one.htm#Inhaltsverzeichnis\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gita Amanda Alfitria, Maman Lesmana, &#8220;Internet Literature in Arabic: A Case Study of Arabic Short Stories in <i>An-Naba<\/i> Newspaper, Iraq&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.616-623 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6137<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/616-623.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/internet-literature-in-arabic-a-case-study-of-arabic-short-stories-in-an-naba-newspaper-iraq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Internet Literature in Arabic: A Case Study of Arabic Short Stories in <i>An-Naba<\/i> Newspaper, Iraq<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2950c8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2950c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c295199 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c295199\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29530e\" data-id=\"c29530e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c295429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c295429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2954cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2954cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c295618\" data-id=\"c295618\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c295727 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c295727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2957c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2957c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29590e\" data-id=\"c29590e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c295a19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c295a19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c295ab7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c295ab7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c295bfa\" data-id=\"c295bfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c295d0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c295d0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c295dab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c295dab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c295efc\" data-id=\"c295efc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c296006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c296006\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2960a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2960a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2961ea\" data-id=\"c2961ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2962f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2962f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c296387 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c296387\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c296520\" data-id=\"c296520\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c296648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c296648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants for Consumer Choice of &#8220;Electronic Banking Utilization&#8221;; Evidence from Customers of Public Banks in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>K.S. Madhushankha and R. Senathiraja &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 624-634<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2966e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2966e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c296881\" data-id=\"c296881\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2969cb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2969cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Electronic banking facilities are no longer competitive advantages but competitive necessities for banks to compete. Even the banks provide a vast body of electronic banking facilities; customers are not utilizing those facilities to the extent bank expected. However, a limited number of empirical studies have been published on electronic banking utilization; this study seeks to find the determinants for utilization of Electronic banking facilities provided by state banks for their customers in Sri Lanka?&#8221; The study is based on a quantitative approach to identify factors affecting electronic banking utilization. Individual factors, service quality, user input factors, price factor, service product characteristics &#038; perceived risk were identified as the determinant factors as the findings. Further, it reveals different relationships and provides findings that support, confirm or contradict previous studies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 624-634\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6138<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K.S. Madhushankha<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Organization Studies, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R. Senathirajag<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Management and Finance, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAgwu, E. M. (2016). Empirical determinants of consumers&#8217; uptake of electronic banking in selected states of Nigeria. West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research, 16(1).\r\n[2]\tAlalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. 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Journal of Retailing, 89(1), 15-29\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">K.S. Madhushankha and R. Senathiraja &#8220;Determinants for Consumer Choice of &#8220;Electronic Banking Utilization&#8221;; Evidence from Customers of Public Banks in Sri Lanka&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.624-634 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6138<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/624-634.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-for-consumer-choice-of-electronic-banking-utilization-evidence-from-customers-of-public-banks-in-sri-lanka\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determinants for Consumer Choice of &#8220;Electronic Banking Utilization&#8221;; Evidence from Customers of Public Banks in Sri Lanka<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c297811 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c297811\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c297b90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c297b90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c297c38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c297c38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c297d93\" data-id=\"c297d93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c297ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c297ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c297f3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c297f3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2980a1\" data-id=\"c2980a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2981b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2981b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c298255 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c298255\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2983ad\" data-id=\"c2983ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2984b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2984b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29855c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29855c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29869f\" data-id=\"c29869f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2987af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2987af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29884b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29884b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2989b6\" data-id=\"c2989b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c298ac1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c298ac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c298b62 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c298b62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c298cbf\" data-id=\"c298cbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c298dd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c298dd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Hepatitis Virus awareness among Journalists in Ogun State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ojetola, Adetola Afolabi, Onaopepo, Ibrahim Bamidele- January 2022- Page No.: 635-645<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c298e77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c298e77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c299005\" data-id=\"c299005\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29914a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c29914a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe role of Journalists in creating awareness and causing behavioral changes that will prevent the spread of the Hepatitis virus through the provision of accurate information on its causes, modes of transmission, and prevention cannot be understated estimated. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge and opinion of journalists and public health practitioners in Ogun State, Nigeria about hepatitis virus reportage among journalists in Ogun State. The study adopted a qualitative research method using interviews and focus group discussion for data collection from the selected 18 health reporters and 5 public health officials. The study adopted two methods of samples, the extreme (or deviant care) sampling and convenience sampling methods of the non-probability sampling type. The research was anchored on Health Belief Model under the Theoretical framework. The data obtained were analyzed thematically. The findings show that Journalists do not make inquiries on hepatitis virus like other endemic diseases in Ogun State. It also revealed that public health officials are willing to release information on the hepatitis virus to the journalist but health journalists are not always interested in getting information about the hepatitis virus in Ogun State. The findings also show that the Rule of privacy and media ownership pattern is part of the barriers to the collection and reporting of information on the hepatitis virus in Ogun State. The study recommended that health communication programs educators should always lay more emphasis on trending global health issues to produce knowledgeable health reporters, who can deliver health information to the people. Moreover, Health workers should always invite media practitioners to their campaigns and seminars to educate both correspondences and specialized reporters on hepatitis as well as other health issues.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 635-645\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ojetola, Adetola Afolabi <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFreelance Health Reporter residing in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onaopepo, Ibrahim Bamidele  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mass Communication, Southwestern University, Okun-Owa, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAdekanle, O., Ndububa, D., Olowookere, S., Ijarotimi, O., &#038; Ijadunola, K. 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(2014), Effective\tuse of information sources for breast cancer care: interplay of mass media and interpersonal channels. Journal of African Research in Business &#038;Technology.Doi: 10.5171\/2014.152107.\r\n[31]\tOkorie, N., Oyesomi, K., Olusola, O., Olatunji,  R., &#038;Ebenerzer, O.  (2014), Effective\tuse of information sources for breast cancer care: interplay of mass media and interpersonal channels. Journal of African Research in Business &#038;Technology.Doi: 10.5171\/2014.152107.\r\n[32]\tOtebayo, A., Taiwo, U., Akingbola, S., Odaibo, N., Adedapo, S., Penugonda, S., Adewole, F., Olaleye, O., Murphy, R., &#038;Karki, P. (2008). Prevalence of hepatitis B and C seropositivity in a Nigerian cohort of HIV-Infected Patients.Nigerian Journal of Hepatology,53 (4)  249-253.\r\n[33]\tRanger-Rogez, S. &#038; Denis, F. (2004).  Hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission.Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 2:1, 133-145, Doi: 10.1586\/14787210.2.1.133.Record. 2009;84(40):405-20.\r\n[34]\tRimon, J. G. (2001). Behavior Change Communication in Public Health. In BeyondDialogue: Moving Toward Convergence. Managua, Nicaragua: Presented at theUnited-Nations Roundtable on Development Communication.\r\n[35]\tSchleringer, S., &#038;Schleringer, M. (2001).Viruses: In EncyclopediaOf Microbiology, \t2nded., San Diego: Academic Press. \r\n[36]\tSharma, S., Saini, N., &#038; Chwla, Y. (2005). Hepatitis B Virus: Inactive carriers\r\nAmerican Journal of Virology, 82(2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-2-82\r\n[37]\tSophie, R. (2007). Overview of health Communicationcampaigns workbook.Toronto,University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health.\r\n[38]\tStacks, D., &#038; Salwen, M. (2009).An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research. New York, Routledge.\r\n[39]\tTang, S., Xin, W., &#038; Huang, R. (2015). Analysis of high alert medication knowledge of medical staff in Tianjin: A convenient sampling survey in china. Huazhong\tUniversity of Science, Technology and Medical Science Journal. 35(2):176-182. Doi:10.1007\/s11596-015-1407-4.\r\n[40]\tTerrault,  N., Roche, B., &#038; Samuel, D. (2005). Management of the hepatitis B virus in the\tliver transplantation setting: a European and an American perspective. American Journal of medicine. Doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.20492.\r\n[41]\tTran, T.  (2012). Hepatitis B: Treatment to prevent perinatal transmission, Journal ofClinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2. 541-549.Doi:10.1097\/GRF.0b013e318251097a.\r\n[42]\tTunstall, J. (1983). The Trouble with U.S.Communication Research. Journal of Communication.33(3):92\u201395. Doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1983.tb02410.\r\n[43]\tViviani, S., Jack, A., Hall, A., Mine, N., Mendy, M., Mone. R. &#038; vaccination in infancy in the Gambia; protection against carriage. International Journal of Medicine.14 , 7 (2014). Doi.org\/10.1186\/1471\t2334-14-7.\r\n[44]\tWorld Health Organization (2009).Hepatitis B vaccines.Weekly Epidemiological  Record. 2009;84(40):405-20.\r\n[45]\tWorld Health Organization (\u200e2014)\u200e. World health statistics 2014.Retrieved from https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/112738.\r\n[46]\tXu, D., Yan, Y., Choi, B., Xu, J., Men, K., Zhang,  J., Liu, Z. &#038; Wang, F. (2002). Riskfactors and mechanism of transplacental transmission of hepatitis B virus:  A case-control study, Journal of Medical Virology.67(1):20-6.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ojetola, Adetola Afolabi, Onaopepo, Ibrahim Bamidele, &#8220;Assessment of Hepatitis Virus awareness among Journalists in Ogun State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.635-645 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/635-645.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/635-645.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-hepatitis-virus-awareness-among-journalists-in-ogun-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Hepatitis Virus awareness among Journalists in Ogun State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29a6fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29a6fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29a84a\" data-id=\"c29a84a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29a953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29a953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29a9ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29a9ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29ab39\" data-id=\"c29ab39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29ac45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29ac45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29ace1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29ace1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29ae28\" data-id=\"c29ae28\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29af35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29af35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29afce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29afce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29b128\" data-id=\"c29b128\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29b22d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29b22d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29b2d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29b2d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29b434\" data-id=\"c29b434\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29b545 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29b545\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Economic Risk, Cyber Threats and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Musa Ahmed Zayyad- January 2022- Page No.: 646-649<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29b5dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29b5dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29b750\" data-id=\"c29b750\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29b880 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c29b880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nBlockchain technology and cryptocurrency are continuously becoming more popular all over the world, especially with the rapid popularity of access to the internet. It appears to be one of the most significant trends of the modern era. It is difficult nowadays to spend a whole day without coming across issues of cryptocurrency in the news, or social networking sites, broadcasts channels and even legislations made by various governments. The debate surrounding the subject is highly polarized, with strong feelings on all sides of the multifaceted cryptocurrency. Some call it a bubble, while others believe it has the potential to destabilize the economy of the world. Blockchain technology, which is the heart of cryptocurrency, has been described as a major disruptor of the global business process. Many entrepreneurs have jumped on the initial coin offering (ICO) bandwagon, selling tokens to the general public and raising hundreds of millions of dollars. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the impact of cryptocurrency on the global economy risk and cyber threats and privacy issues with particular emphasis on a developing country like Nigeria.  \r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 646-649\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Ahmed Zayyad<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Studies, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2052, Katsina State, Nigeria\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6139<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tCasino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., &#038;Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and informatics, 36, 55-81. \r\n[2]\tSolat, S., Calvez, P., &#038;Na\u00eft-Abdesselam, F. (2021). Permissioned vs. Permissionless Blockchain: How and Why There Is Only One Right Choice. Journal of Software, 16(3), 95-106. \r\n[3]\tPolasik, M., Piotrowska, A., Wisniewski, T.P., Kotkowski, R., and Lightfoot, G. (2015). Price Fluctuations and the Use of Bitcoin: An Empirical Inquiry. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 20(1), 9-49.\r\n[4]\tJohnson, F.T., Akande A. F., Akinsanya P.A (2019). Leveraging digital currency for national development. International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21474\/IJAR01\/xxxx\r\n[5]\tGilbert, S., &#038; Loi, H. (2018). Digital currency risk. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(2), 108-123. \r\n[6]\tConti, M., Kumar, E. S., Lal, C., &#038; Ruj, S. (2018). A survey on security and privacy issues of bitcoin. IEEE Communications Surveys &#038; Tutorials, 20(4), 3416-3452. \r\n[7]\tDeloitte. (2017). Blockchain Risk Management: Risk Functions Need to Play An Active Role in Shaping Blockchain Strategy. \r\n[8]\tGrover, P., Kar, A. K., &#038;Ilavarasan, P. V. (2018). Blockchain for businesses: A systematic literature review. In Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society (pp. 325-336). Springer, Cham. \r\n[9]\tElMamy, S. B., Mrabet, H., Gharbi, H., Jemai, A., &#038;Trentesaux, D. (2020). A survey on the usage of blockchain technology for cyber-threats in the context of industry 4.0. Sustainability, 12(21), 9179. \r\n[10]\tAkinpelu, O. (2019, September 16). Crypto-Ransoms! Nigeria has just recorded its first known kidnap-for-bitcoin case and it could get worse.https:\/\/technext.ng\/2019\/09\/16\/crypto-ransoms-nigeria-has-just-recorded-its-first-kidnap-for-bitcoin-case-and-it-could-get-worse\/\r\n[11]\tRosenfeld, M. (2011). Analysis of bitcoin pooled mining reward systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1112.4980. \r\n[12]\tNakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized Business Review, 21260. \r\n[13]\tWright, A., &#038; De Filippi, P. (2015). Decentralized blockchain technology and the rise of lexcryptographia. Available at SSRN 2580664. \r\n[14]\tB\u00f6hme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B. and Moore, T., 2015. Bitcoin: Economics, technology, and governance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29 (2), pp.213-238. \r\n[15]\tPortmann, E. (2018). Rezension \u201eBlockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy \u201c. \r\n[16]\tBrito, J. and Castillo, A., 2013. Bitcoin: A primer for policymakers. MercatusCenter at George Mason University. \r\n[17]\tTaylor, P. J., Dargahi, T., Dehghantanha, A., Parizi, R. M., &#038;Choo, K. K. R. (2020). A systematic literature review of blockchain cyber security. Digital Communications and Networks, 6(2), 147-156.\r\n[18]\tMbadiwe, O. N., Eze, U. F. &#038;Ikerionwu, C. O. (2020). Regulation of blockchain technology in Nigeria: need and risks mitigation towards industry 4.0. 15thInternational Conference on Emerging Applications and Technologies for Industry 4.0, EATI. 229 \u2013 237.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Musa Ahmed Zayyad, &#8220;Economic Risk, Cyber Threats and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.646-649 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6139<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/646-649.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/economic-risk-cyber-threats-and-privacy-issues-of-blockchain-technology-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Economic Risk, Cyber Threats and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29c676 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c29c676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29c740 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29c740\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29c8df\" data-id=\"c29c8df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29ca10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29ca10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29cab6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29cab6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29cc1d\" data-id=\"c29cc1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29cd8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29cd8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29ce46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29ce46\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29cfa5\" data-id=\"c29cfa5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29d0b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29d0b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29d154 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29d154\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29d2a6\" data-id=\"c29d2a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29d3bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29d3bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29d45c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29d45c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29d5a5\" data-id=\"c29d5a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29d6a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29d6a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29d748 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29d748\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29d892\" data-id=\"c29d892\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29d999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29d999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29da33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29da33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29db9e\" data-id=\"c29db9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29dcaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29dcaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Feasibility Analysis of Processing of Cow Skin Crackers Stick at Small Scale Home Industry, Mataram, NTB, Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>E. Basuki, V C.B. Harto, R. Widyasari &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 650-654<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29dd45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29dd45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29deb9\" data-id=\"c29deb9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29dfee elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c29dfee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">General activities carried out by UD. IJOE Mataram, NTB, Indonesia is processing cow skin into cow cracker products. The processing stages are carried out starting from the preparation, slicing, drying, sizing, frying, and packaging process. Processing activities is still simple and almost uses human labor. The feasibility analysis is calculated from equipment depreciation costs, building costs and maintenance costs, variable costs consisting of raw material costs, packaging costs, fuel costs, labor costs, etc. Analysis of the benefits of the cracker skin industry is on the total revenue and the total cost. The business feasibility analysis consists of Revenue \/ Cost (R \/ C) Benefit \/ Cost (B \/ C) ratio, Return on Investment (ROI). Based on the results of the feasibility analysis, the values obtained were respectively Rp. 1.26 <1, Rp. 26, 26%  This figure has been calculated in two times the order process and has a value with and becomes a viable home industry when calculated by business feasibility analysis.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 650-654\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>E. Basuki<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Indonesia 83125<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V C.B. Harto <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Indonesia 83125<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R. Widyasari<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Indonesia 83125<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1].\tNational Standardization Body (BSN). SNI. 1992. Wet Raw Cow Leather. SNI    06-2736-1992.\r\n[2].\tNational Standardization Body (BSN). SNI. 1996. Quality Requirements for Skin  Crackers. SNI 01-4308-1996.\r\n[3].\tNadia, L., 2005. Nutrition and Some Halal Criteria for Jangek Skin Crackers.    Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology. 6 (2): 100-107.\r\n[4].\tSajari, I., Elfiana, Martina, 2017. Business Feasibility Analysis of Chips at UD.  Mawar in Batee Ie Liek Village, Samalanga District, Bireuen Regency. Journal    of. Agriculture. 1 (2): 116-124.\r\n[5].\tSaragih, B., 2008. Collection of Animal Husbandry-Based Agribusiness Thought.    USESE Foundation and Center for Development Studies. IPB Bogor.\r\n[6].\tSusanto. 2004. Goldfish Cultivation. Canisius. Jakarta.\r\n[7].\tSuseno, D. 2004. Carp hatchery business management. Self-Help Spreader Jakarta\r\n[8].\tGittinger, J.P 1986. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Project, UI Press , Jakarta\r\n[9].\tIntiyas,C., A.Tjahjono dan M. Fattah.2019.  Financial Fasebiliity Analisis of Small Scale   Fish  Smoking  by Fisherman in Home Industries. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio- Economic Sciences 96(12):175-181\r\n[10].\tPrimyastanto,M., C. Intyas,M.. Fattah, I. Rosita, A. Khoiri. The Business Evaluation    Analysis  Of   Milkfish Otak-Otak  (Chanos Chanos)  At Gresik District, East Java      IJSTR VoL 8, (12),\r\n[11].\tKartika,D and A. Aliludin  2013. FEASIBILITY STUDY ANALYSIS ON BOT SCHEME CHANGE IN IDLE PROPERTY ASSET (CASE STUDY: PT XYZ) School of Business and Management The Indonesian Journal of Bussines Administration  Vol. 2,  (6):626-637.\r\n[12].\tNainggolan, H.S.  2009. Business feasibility FEUI, Jakarta\r\n[13].\tNurwantara,M.P.,S.Raharja, F.Udin, 2017. Financial Feasibility Analysis of Small and Medium Business Development CV. XYZ in Madiun East. Sustainable Environment Agricultural Sciences Volume 1,(1), April : 19-26.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">E. Basuki, V C.B. Harto, R. Widyasari , &#8220;Feasibility Analysis of Processing of Cow Skin Crackers Stick at Small Scale Home Industry, Mataram, NTB, Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.650-654 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/650-654.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/650-654.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/feasibility-analysis-of-processingof-cow-skin-crackers-stick-at-small-scale-home-industry-mataram-ntb-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Feasibility Analysis of Processing of Cow Skin Crackers Stick at Small Scale Home Industry, Mataram, NTB, Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29eddf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c29eddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29eeb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29eeb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29f024\" data-id=\"c29f024\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29f147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29f147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29f1e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29f1e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29f346\" data-id=\"c29f346\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29f44e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29f44e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29f51b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29f51b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29f6a2\" data-id=\"c29f6a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29f7b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29f7b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29f852 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29f852\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29f99d\" data-id=\"c29f99d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29faad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29faad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29fb47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29fb47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29fc95\" data-id=\"c29fc95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c29fd9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c29fd9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c29fe40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c29fe40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c29ff80\" data-id=\"c29ff80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a0085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a0085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a011f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a011f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a028c\" data-id=\"c2a028c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a0397 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a0397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Classroom Climate and Student Goal Orientation in English among College Students<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dickey O. Mosqueda &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 655-663<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a0430 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a0430\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a05b2\" data-id=\"c2a05b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a06fb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2a06fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examined the relationship between classroom climate and student goal orientation in English among college students. The study involved 408 freshmen college students from English 101 of UM Panabo Campus. A 40-items questionnaire was administered to the selected respondents. The result of the study showed that the better the condition of the classroom climate, the higher goal orientation of the students in learning English 101. It is suggested that higher goal orientation among students be encouraged despite the desired outcome of this study. Similar studies be conducted to different groups to explore other variables that may have on effect on the goal orientation of students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 655-663\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dickey O. Mosqueda<\/strong>\r\nGraduate, MAEd in Teaching English, University of Mindanao<\/span>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6140<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAdelman, H.S. &#038; Taylor, L. (2005). Classroom Climate. Retrieved on January 28, 2012. From http:\/\/smhp.psych.ucla.edu\/publications\/46%20classroom%20climate.pdf\r\n[2]\tAquino, Y. B. (2010). Interpersonal behavior of teachers and well-being of public secondary students. University of Mindanao, Davao City.\r\n[3]\tBangkas, F. D., (2003). The teaching concerns of beginning teachers and their teaching performance. University of Mindanao, Davao City.\r\n[4]\tBermoy, L. M. (2010) Teacher competence and intrinsic motivation of students. University of Mindanao, Davao City.\r\n[5]\tBrackett, M. A., Reyes, M. R., Rivers, S. E., Elbertson, N. A., &#038; Salovey, P. (2011). Classroom emotional climate, teacher affiliation, and student conduct. The Journal of Classroom Interaction, 46(1), 27-36. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/915267885?accountid=31259\r\n[6]\tCallahan, C. M. (2006). An investigation into the gender and age differences in the social coping of academically advanced students. Journal of Advanced Academics, 18(1), 60-80,155-156. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/222747897?accountid=31259\r\n[7]\tCampbell, D. E. (2008). Voice in the classroom: How an open classroom climate fosters political engagement among adolescents. Political Behavior, 30(4), 437-454. doi:10.1007\/s11109-008-9063-z\r\n[8]\tDavid, M. M. (2009). Achievement goals in mathematics. Retrieved on February 4, 2012. From http:\/\/pemea.club.officelive.com\/Documents\/A4_V2_AH.pdf\r\n[9]\tGonzales, R.  (2010). Motivational orientation in foreign language learning: the case study of filipino foreign language learner. Retrieved on February 12, 2012. From http:\/\/www.tesol-journal.com\/PDF\/A1_V3_TESOL.pdf\r\n[10]\tHeramil, N. B. (2007). Teacher attributes and instructional effectives of the Teresian Daughters of Mary, Managed Schools: Basis for an intervention program. Dissertation. University of Mindanao.  \r\n[11]\tHewson, P.W. (2009). Analysis and use of a task for indentifying conceptions of teaching science. Journal of Education for Teaching, 15, 191-209.\r\n[12]\tHsieh, P., Cho, Y., Liu, M., Schallert, D. L. (2008). Middle school focus: Examining the interplay between middle school students achievement goals and self-efficacy in a technology-enhancement learning environment. Retrieved on February 4, 2012. From http:\/\/alienrescue.edb.utexas.edu\/researchpapers\/GOSE_Final.pdf\r\n[13]\tInato, R. L., (2005). Teacher empowerment and classroom management in buhangin district. University of Mindanao, Davao City. \r\n[14]\tIntegrating New Technology Into the Method of Education (2001). Classroom Management. Retrieved on February 24, 2012. From http:\/\/www.intime.uni.edu\/model\/teacher\/teac3summary.html \r\n[15]\tJoaquin, N., Ganaden, M. &#038; Ibe, M. (2008). Goal modification, learning styles, and achievement in mathematics. Retrieved on February 4, 2012. From http:\/\/journals.upd.edu.ph\/index.php\/edq\/article\/viewFile\/1567\/1516\r\n[16]\tJohnson, G. M. (2006). Perception of classroom climate, use of WebCT, and academic achievement. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 17(2), 25-46. doi:10.1007\/BF03032697\r\n[17]\tLazaratou, H., Dikeos, D. G., Anagnostopoulos, D. C., &#038;Soldatos, C. R. (2010). Depressive symptomatology in high school students: The role of age, gender and academic pressure. Community Mental Health Journal, 46(3), 289-95. doi:10.1007\/s10597-010-9296-2\r\n[18]\tLepper, M. R., Iyengar, S. S. &#038; Corpus, J. H. (2005). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Orientations in the Classroom: Age Differences and Academic Correlates. Retrieved on February 29, 2012. From http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/~ss957\/articles\/Lepper_Corpus_Iyengar.pdf\r\n[19]\tLi, A., Fang, Q., &#038; Dang, J. (2011). Emotional intonation in a tone language: experimental evidence from Chinese. Retrieved on January 15, 2012.From http:\/\/www.icphs2011.hk\/resources\/OnlineProceedings\/RegularSession\/Li,%20Aijun\/Li,%20Aijun.pdf\r\n[20]\tLucas, R., Pulido, D., Miraflores, E., Ignacio, A., Tacay, M. &#038; Lao, J. (2010). A study on the intrinsic motivation factors in second language learning among selected freshman students. Retrieved on February 12, 2012. From http:\/\/www.philippine-esl-journal.com\/V4_A1.pdf\r\n[21]\tLumaday, E. J. (2004). Teaching practices of English instructors in developing communicative competence and achievement motivation of students. University of Mindanao, Davao City.\r\n[22]\tMagno, C. &#038;Lajom, J. A., (2008). A cross-sectional study of high school and college adolescents in their use of self-regulation, self-efficacy, metacognition, and achievement goals. Retrieved on August 3, 2012. From http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/7811252\/A-CrossSectional-Study-of-High-school-and-College-Adolescents-in-their-use-of-Selfregulation-Selfefficacy-Metacognition-and-Achievement-Goals\r\n[23]\tMartin, P. &#038; Thomas, G., (2000). Interpersonal relationships as a metaphor for human-nature relationships. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 5(1), 39-46. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/232847391?accountid=31259\r\n[24]\tMello, Z. R., &#038; Worrell, F. C. (2006). The relationship of time perspective to age, gender, and academic achievement among academically talented adolescents. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 29(3), 271-289,363-364. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/222274182?accountid=31259\r\n[25]\tMiller, A. &#038; Cunningham, K. (2006). Classroom environment. Retrieved on January 21, 2012. From http:\/\/www.education.com\/reference\/article\/classroom-environment\/\r\n[26]\tMucherah, W. (2008). Classroom climate and students goal structures in high-school biology classrooms in kenya. Learning Environments Research, 11(1), 63-81. doi:10.1007\/s10984-007-9036-x\r\n[27]\tNoor-Azniza, I., Malek, T. J., Ibrahim, Y. S., &#038; Farid, T. M. (2011). Moderating effect of gender and age on the relationship between emotional intelligence with social and academic adjustment among first year university students. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(1), 78-89. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/877024564?accountid=31259\r\n[28]\tOcay, R. B., (2003). Teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and pupils\u2019 achievement. University of Mindanao, Davao City\r\n[29]\tRazo, E., (2009). Development and intellectual virtues of teachers. University of Mindanao, Davao City\r\n[30]\tReilly, P. (2007).Performance goals vs learning goals: are we learning or looking good? Retrieved on February 4, 2012. From http:\/\/preilly.wordpress.com\/2007\/12\/19\/performance-goals-vs-learning-goals-are-we-learning-or-looking-good\/\r\n[31]\tRobles, J. G., (2007). Classroom Management skills of teachers and classroom interaction of high school students. University of Mindanao, Davao City. \r\n[32]\tRoebken, H. (2007).  Multiple goals, satisfaction, and achievement in university undergraduate education: A Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) Project Research Paper. Retrieved on February 2, 2012. From http:\/\/cshe.berkeley.edu\/publications\/docs\/ROP.Roebken.2.07.pdf\r\n[33]\tSilva, D. L., Tadeo, M. C., Delos  Reyes, C. R. V.  &#038;Dadigan, R. M. (2006). Factors associated with non-performing filipino students in mathematics:  a vision of student\u2019s cognitive and behavior management. Retrieved on February 12, 2012. From http:\/\/math.usm.my\/research\/OnlineProc\/ED12.pdf\r\n[34]\tSu, A. &#038; Wang, Z. (2007). Affective intonation-modeling for mandarin based on pca. Retrieved on February 15, 2012. From http:\/\/www.aclclp.org.tw\/clclp\/v12n1\/v12n1a3.pdf\r\n[35]\tSvinicki, M. D. (2006). Student goal orientation, motivation, and learning. The Idea Center. Retrieved on February 3, 2012. From http:\/\/www.education.com\/reference\/article\/Ref_Student_Goal\/\r\n[36]\tTapola, A. &#038; Niemivirta, M., (2008).The role of achievement goal orientations in students\u2019 perceptions of and preferences for classroom environment. British Journal of Educational Psychology (2008), 78, 291\u2013312\r\n[37]\tThe School Of Graduate Studies and Continuing Education (2005). Creating a Safe and Engaging Classroom Climate. Retrieve on January 23, 2012. From http:\/\/www.uww.edu\/learn\/diversity\/safeclassroom.php\r\n[38]\tWalter, S. M., Lambie, G. W., &#038; Ngazimbi, E. E. (2008). A choice theory counseling group succeeds with middle school students who displayed disciplinary problems. Middle School Journal, 40(2), 4-12. Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/217441116?accountid=31259\r\n[39]\tWeber, M. J. (2007) .The Importance of Interpersonal Relationships. Retrieved on January 14, 2012. From http:\/\/cnx.org\/content\/m14428\/latest\/\r\n[40]\tWittink, D. R. and L.R. Bayer (1994). \u201cThe Measurement Imperative\u201d Marketing Research, Vol. 6(4), 1994, 14.\r\n[41]\tZedan, R. (2010). New dimensions in the classroom climate. Learning Environments Research, 13(1), 75-88. doi:10.1007\/s10984-009-9068-5\r\n[42]\tZhan, S. (2004). Interpersonal Relationship between Teachers and Students: An Intercultural Study on Chinese and Australian Universities. Retrieved on January 14, 2012. From http:\/\/www.aare.edu.au\/04pap\/zha04171.pdf and http:\/\/en.scientificcommons.org\/39004640\r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dickey O. Mosqueda &#8220;Classroom Climate and Student Goal Orientation in English among College Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.655-663 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6140<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/655-663.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/classroom-climate-and-student-goal-orientation-in-english-among-college-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Classroom Climate and Student Goal Orientation in English among College Students<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a167f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2a167f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a1754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a18d2\" data-id=\"c2a18d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a19ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a19ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1a9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a1a9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1bf8\" data-id=\"c2a1bf8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a1d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1da7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a1da7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a1ef2\" data-id=\"c2a1ef2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a2007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a20a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a20a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2225\" data-id=\"c2a2225\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a233e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a233e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a23e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a23e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a253b\" data-id=\"c2a253b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a264a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a264a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a26e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a26e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2838\" data-id=\"c2a2838\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a294f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a294f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a29eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a29eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2b52\" data-id=\"c2a2b52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a2c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Extending and Embedding Tessa Open Education Resources (OERS) in Teaching at Primary School Level in Laikipia County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rose Nyambura, Isaac Gitogo &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 664-667<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2d0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a2d0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2e7c\" data-id=\"c2a2e7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a2fa9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2a2fa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study investigated extending and embedding Tessa Open Education Resources in Teaching at Primary School Level in Laikipia County, Kenya. The study was qualitative and survey designs.Two primary schools within Laikipia County were purposively sampled and all the twenty teachers participated using multistage sampling technique. The project was in three phases; introduction phase where a 2 day workshop was organised and experts well versed with TESSA OERs facilitated round table sessions on how to teach practical\/creative thinking skills to primary school learners using TESSA methods. The training aimed at improving teachers probing skills, cooperative learning and forming a community of good practice. The second phase was implementation while the third phase involved collecting feedback from teachers. 400 pupils from the two participating primary schools were expected to benefit once the teachers embraced TESSA methods which advocate for active learning. Project outcomes included changes that teachers made in their lesson presentations in line with the CBC curriculum and completion of 2019 TESSA MOOC ,hence enthusiasm for online learning and continuous professional teacher development.\r\nThe outcomes of the project may inform the Ministry of Education in Kenya in effective implementation of the new CBC as far as online Teaching\/learning is concerned. Recommendations made by the project include: need for continuous ICT support for the primary school teachers and engaging the teachers in continuous teacher development courses especially those offered online.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 664-667\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rose Nyambura <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Educational Management- Laikipia University, Kenya \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac Gitogo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Educational Management- Laikipia University, Kenya \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tClinton, V (2018). Savings without sacrifice: a case report on open-source textbook adoption. The journal of open Distance and e-Learning, Volume 33, Issue 3 pages 177-189.  https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02680513.2018.1486184\r\n[2]\tDreon, O (2018).Impacts of Open Educational Resources. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/onlinelearningconsortium.org\/impact-of-open-educational-resources\/\r\n[3]\tGOK (2007).Kenya Vision 2030.Government of the Republic of Kenya.\r\n[4]\tHatzipanagos, S &#038;Gregson, J (2015) The Role of Open Access and Open Educational Resources: A Distance Learning Perspective. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning Volume 13 Issue 2 (pp97-105)\r\n[5]\tKinskey, C., King, H &#038; Miller, C. L (2018). Open educational resources: an analysis of Minnesota State Colleges and Universities student preferences.The journal of open Distance and e-Learning, Volume 33, 2018 &#8211; Issue 3 Pages 190-202. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02680513.2018.1500887\r\n[6]\tStutchbury K (2011). Implementing change in Science Teacher Education in Africa.oro.open.ac.uk \u203a 31539 \u203a 2\r\n[7]\tStutchbury, K  &#038; Ngman-wara (2012).Developing effective pedagogy: the thinking behind the TESSA secondary science project [56THYEAR BOOK ON TEACHER EDUCATION], pg 347-357. University of Cape Coast\r\n[8]\tStutchbury, K &#038;Katabaro J. (2011). TESSA Secondary Science: addressing the challenges facing science teacher-education in Sub-Saharan Africa. DETA 2011 Successful \/Innovative teacher education initiatives in priority areas that will serve a changing Africa.\r\n[9]\tSub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities In: 55th ICET World Assembly, 11-14 July 2011, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.\r\n[10]\tUNDP (2014). Millennium Development Goals.www.UNDP.org\/mdg\r\n[11]\tWambugu, P. W &#038;Keraro, F. N. (2020) Improving the Learning of Science in Secondary Schools in Kenya Using TESSA Science OERs. Journal of education and human resourcesjehdnet.com\/journals\/jehd\/Vol_9_No_1_March_2020\/12.pdf\r\n[12]\tWamutitu, J. M., Keraro,  F N. ; Changeiywo, J. M.  &#038; Cullen, J (2011) The context of using TESSA OERs in Egerton University\u2019s teacher education programmes. www.tessafrica.net\/sites\/www.tessafrica.net\/files\/files\/Wamutitu%2C%20Keraro%2C%20Changei\r\n[13]\tZOBEL, G (2015). Why Open Educational Resources (OERs) are Important for Critical Pedagogues. Retrieved from www.hybridpedagogy.org\/why-open-educational-resources-oers-are-important-for-critical-pedagogues\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rose Nyambura, Isaac Gitogo , &#8220;Extending and Embedding Tessa Open Education Resources (OERS) in Teaching at Primary School Level in Laikipia County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.664-667 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/664-667.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/664-667.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/extending-and-embedding-tessa-open-education-resources-oers-in-teaching-at-primary-school-level-in-laikipia-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Extending and Embedding Tessa Open Education Resources (OERS) in Teaching at Primary School Level in Laikipia County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a3da1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2a3da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a3e73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a3e73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a3ff5\" data-id=\"c2a3ff5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a4120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a41c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a41c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4316\" data-id=\"c2a4316\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4423 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a4423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a44d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a44d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4620\" data-id=\"c2a4620\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a472e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a472e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a47c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a47c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a491a\" data-id=\"c2a491a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a4a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4aca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a4aca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4c14\" data-id=\"c2a4c14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a4d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4dd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a4dd4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a4f19\" data-id=\"c2a4f19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a5021 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a5021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a50c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a50c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a522c\" data-id=\"c2a522c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a5344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a5344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Transposition of Registers from Sinhalese into English: With Reference to \u2018Madol Doova\u2019 by Martin Wickramasinghe and Its English Translation by Ashely Halpe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ubhayawardhana P. D. N. M., Gunathilaka D. D. I. M. B., and Hansani J.A.M.- January 2022- Page No.: 668-676<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a53e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a53e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a555c\" data-id=\"c2a555c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a5686 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2a5686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe process of translation has integrated with many linguistic features immensely in literary translation. According to Catford (1965), translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). When translating literary texts, translators have to deal with different language registers which function as special usages of language in different circumstances. Registers can occur within both written and spoken varieties. While nourishing the language with various types of patterns, registers make the translator\u2019s task more difficult. The selected Martin Wickramasinghe\u2019s novel Madol Doova, has been consummated by using different types of registers as an ancient indigenous novel. The main aim of this case study was to discuss the methods employed by the translator to overcome the untranslatability in register translation. In this regard, Madol Doova and its English translation, were comparatively studied with special reference to the registers in the spoken context. Theoretical reading materials related to the concept of registers and translation methods were also referred. In conclusion of this case study, it was found that the registers under the categories of Frozen, Formal, Consultative, Casual, and Intimate which refers to the Source Text (ST) have been translated by using the methods of Borrowing, Calque, Literal Translation, Equivalence, Adaptation, Modulation, and Transposition to overcome the issue of untranslatability and to be applicable to the Target Text (TT). Further, in addition to the above-mentioned translation methods the translator has used the method of omission where the issue of untranslatability occurred. However, it was observed that in some points there were some inappropriate translations which could not give the SL author\u2019s expected meaning.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 668-676\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ubhayawardhana P. D. N. M.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gunathilaka D. D. I. M. B.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hansani J.A.M.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tCrystal, D. (2012). English as a Global Language. London: cambridge      University Press.\r\n[2]\tTrager, George L. (1942). Outline of Linguistic Analysis. Retrieved from\r\nhttps:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/7774235\/outline-of-linguistic-analysis\r\n[3]\tSweet, H. (1899). The Practical Study of Language (reprint ed.). Oxford  University Press.\r\n[4]\tNewmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.docdroid.net\/9ahf\/a-textbook-translation-by-peter-newmark-pdf#page=41\r\n[5]\tCatford, J. C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.academia.edu\/33190828\/J_c_catford_a_linguistic_theory_of_translation_oxf ord_univ_press_1965_\r\n[6]\tYule, G. (2010). The Study of Language.Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/study-of- language\/9073D77805E98982E4DD9B3851F992C\r\n[7]\tJoos, M. (1962). The Five Clocks (2 ed.). Harcourt.\r\n[8]\tVinay, J., &#038; Darbelnet, J. (1989). Translation Procedures.In A. Chesterman, Readings in Translation Theory.Oy Finn Lectura Ab.\r\n[9]\tWickramasinghe, M. (1947). Madol Doova (68 ed.). Rajagiriya.Sarasa (Pvt) Ltd.\r\n[10]\tHalpe, A. (1976). Madol Doova (36 ed.). Rajagiriya: Sarasa (Pvt) Ltd\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ubhayawardhana P. D. N. M., Gunathilaka D. D. I. M. B., and Hansani J.A.M.,  &#8220;Transposition of Registers from Sinhalese into English: With Reference to \u2018Madol Doova\u2019 by Martin Wickramasinghe and Its English Translation by Ashely Halpe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.668-676 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/668-676.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/668-676.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/transposition-of-registers-from-sinhalese-into-english-with-reference-to-madol-doova-by-martin-wickramasinghe-and-its-english-translation-by-ashely-halpe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Transposition of Registers from Sinhalese into English: With Reference to \u2018Madol Doova\u2019 by Martin Wickramasinghe and Its English Translation by Ashely Halpe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a65d1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2a65d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7843\" data-id=\"c2a7843\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a797b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a797b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7a9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a7a9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7c46\" data-id=\"c2a7c46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a7d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7e1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a7e1d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7f9f\" data-id=\"c2a7f9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a80c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a80c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relapse of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sassi I, Naija L,  Ghalleb M, Chabchoub A, Jaidane O, Hechiche M, Slimane M, Rahal K- January 2022- Page No.: 677-679<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a8171 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a8171\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a8305\" data-id=\"c2a8305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a8452 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2a8452\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nIntroduction: Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) are sporadic. We report a rare case of relapse of a uterine STUMP and discuss diagnostic and therapeutic issues. \r\nCase report: A 25-year-old North African woman was treated for a uterine STUMP bymyomectomy. Four years later she consulted with pelvic pain associated with pollakiuria. Observations during the surgery led us to perform a hysterectomy and the histopathological examination confirmed the relapse of a STUMP.\r\nConclusion: Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential of the uterus are rare. The surgery remains the standard protocol for the treatment. The risk of relapse is uncommon but a regular follow-up is recommended.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 677-679\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6141<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sassi I<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naija L<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ghalleb M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chabchoub A<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jaidane O<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hechiche M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Slimane M<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rahal K<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSurgery Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis Tunisia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tHendrickson MR, Tavassoli FA, KempsonRL, McCluggage WG, Haller U, Kubik-Huh RA. Tumours of the uterin corpus: mesenchymal tumours and related lesions. In: Tavassoli Fa, Devilee P: tumours of the breast and female genital organs: Lyon, IARC Press. 2003.\r\n[2]\tKurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, Young RH. WHO classification of tumors of the female reproductive organs 4th ed WHO; 2014.\r\n[3]\tHuo L, Wang D, Wang W, Cao D, Yang J, Wu M, et al. Oncologic and Reproductive Outcomes of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 67 Cases. Front Oncol. 14 mai 2020;10:647. \r\n[4]\tUterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a retrospective analysis.\r\n[5]\tGuntupalli SR, Ramirez PT, Anderson ML, Milam MR, Bodurka DC, Malpica A Gynecol Oncol. 2009 Jun; 113(3):324-6.\r\n[6]\tUterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential:Clinicopathologic-Sonographic Characteristics, Follow-Up and Recurrence. Bacanakgil BH, Deveci M, Karabuk E, Soyman Z World J Oncol. 2017 Jun; 8(3):76-80.\r\n[7]\tUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas: a review of selected variants with emphasis on recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern for malignancy. Ip PP, Tse KY, Tam KF Adv Anat Pathol. 2010 Mar; 17(2):91-112.\r\n[8]\tWhite MP, Rahimi S, Garely A, et al. . Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP): Review of Pathophysiology, Classification, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance. J Healthc Commun 2017; 2: 40.\r\n[9]\tClinical application of diffusion-weighted imaging for preoperative differentiation between uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.Sato K, Yuasa N, Fujita M, Fukushima Y Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Apr; 210(4):368.e1-368.e8.\r\n[10]\tDoes pelvic magnetic resonance imaging differentiate among the histologic subtypes of uterine leiomyomata? Schwartz LB, Zawin M, Carcangiu ML, Lange R, McCarthy S Fertil Steril. 1998 Sep; 70(3):580-7.\r\n[11]\tUterine smooth muscle tumor analysis by comparative genomic hybridization: a useful diagnostic tool in challenging lesions. Croce S, Ribeiro A, Brulard C, Noel JC, Amant F, Stoeckle E, Devouassoux-Shisheborah M, Floquet A, Arnould L, Guyon F, Mishellany F, Garbay D, Cuppens T, Zikan M, Leroux A, Frouin E, Duvillard P, Terrier P, Farre I, Valo I, MacGrogan GM, Chibon F Mod Pathol. 2015 Jul; 28(7):1001-10.\r\n[12]\tMolecular analyses of 6 different types of uterine smooth muscle tumors: Emphasis in atypical leiomyoma. Zhang Q, Ubago J, Li L, Guo H, Liu Y, Qiang W, Kim JJ, Kong B, Wei JJ Cancer. 2014 Oct 15; 120(20):3165-77.\r\n[13]\tUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential and atypical leiomyoma: a morphological study of these grey zones with clinical correlation. Deodhar KK, Goyal P, Rekhi B, Menon S, Maheshwari A, Kerkar R, Tongaonkar HB Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011 Oct-Dec; 54(4):706-11.\r\n[14]\tUterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: Clinicopathologic-Sonographic Characteristics, Follow-Up and Recurrence. Bacanakgil BH, Deveci M, Karabuk E, Soyman Z World J Oncol. 2017 Jun; 8(3):76-80.\r\n[15]\tDiagnostic value of progesterone receptor and p53 expression in uterine smooth muscle tumors.Hewedi IH, Radwan NA, Shash LS Diagn Pathol. 2012 Jan 5; 7():1.\r\n[16]\tAtypical Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical and Pathologic Features. Maltese G, Fontanella C, Lepori S, Scaffa C, Fuc\u00e0 G, Bogani G, Provenzano S, Carcangiu ML, Raspagliesi F, Lorusso D Oncology. 2018; 94(1):1-6.\r\n[17]\tAtkins KA, Arronte N, Darus CJ, Rice LW. The use of p16 in enhancing the histologic classification of uterine smooth muscle tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:98\u2013102.\r\n[18]\tShapiro A, Ferenczy A, Turcotte R, Bruchim I, Gotlieb WH. Uterine smooth-muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential metastasizing to the humerus as a high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;94:818\u2013820.\r\n[19]\tUterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: A rare cause of multiple pulmonary nodules. Kotsopoulos IC, Barbetakis N, Asteriou C, Voutsas MG Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2012 Jul; 33(3):176-8.\r\n[20]\tLy A, Mills AM, McKenney JK, et al. . Atypical leiomyomas of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 51 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37: 643-649.\r\n[21]\tVan den Bosch T, Dueholm M, Leone FP, et al. . Terms, definitions and measurements to describe sonographic features of myometrium and uterine masses: a consensus opinion from the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46: 284-298.\r\n[22]\tPeeters N, Hulsbosch S, Ballaux F, Baekelandt J. Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential: analysis of diagnoses and therapies illustrated by two case reports. Eur J Gynaec Oncol 2016; 37: 367-373.\r\n \r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sassi I, Naija L,  Ghalleb M, Chabchoub A, Jaidane O, Hechiche M, Slimane M, Rahal K, &#8220;Relapse of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.677-679 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6141<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/677-679.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relapse-of-uterine-smooth-muscle-tumor-of-uncertain-malignant-potential-a-case-report-with-a-review-of-the-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Relapse of Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9447 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a96ea\" data-id=\"c2a96ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9833 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a9833\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a98ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a98ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9a4f\" data-id=\"c2a9a4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9b7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a9b7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9c26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a9c26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9d85\" data-id=\"c2a9d85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9eaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a9eaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a9f51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a9f51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa0a3\" data-id=\"c2aa0a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa1b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2aa1b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa277 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2aa277\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa3cc\" data-id=\"c2aa3cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa53f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2aa53f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa5f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2aa5f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa74f\" data-id=\"c2aa74f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa860 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2aa860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2aa908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2aa908\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2aaa7e\" data-id=\"c2aaa7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aab94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2aab94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Social Media &#038; Mental Health: A Narrative Study on Bangladesh during the Lockdown time of COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Amrita Nandy, Mohona Biswas, Joysree Das  &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 680-689<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2aac33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2aac33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2aadde\" data-id=\"c2aadde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aaf81 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2aaf81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purpose: This study sheds light on the use of social media and its effects on mental health during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.\r\nMethodology: A quantitative method has been followed to conduct the research. The purposive sampling method is adopted to gather responses from respondents through survey questionnaires during the lockdown period (May-July, 2021). The target populace is the respondents from the age of 18-60 who are highly active on social media in Bangladesh. In the end, 601 responses are obtained and a narrative approach has been used to assess the effects from various aspects like gender, occupation, and usage.\r\nFindings: The study shows social media has a vast effect on people\u2019s mental health during the lockdown time in Bangladesh. 80.7% of the sample use this media as a platform for social communication and 37% of respondents believe that the overall effects of social media are positive during this session. Additionally, research highlights a great engagement of young people in social media in Bangladesh which needs to restrain positively as this might hamper their mental health. Furthermore, results indicate that social media needs to respond more realistically and responsibly in time.\r\nImplications: Being a strong and popular mode of communication as well as information, the governmental body can come across to formulate accurate policies in order to eradicate the negative consequences of social media during this pandemic. Recommendations suggested in this paper might be fruitful to develop a healthy communication platform even after the epidemic session in Bangladesh.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 680-689\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6142<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amrita Nandy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Business Administration, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chandanaish-4381, Chattagram, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohona Biswas  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Business administration, Rangamati Science &#038; Technology University, Rangamati-4500, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joysree Das   <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chandanaish-4381, Chattagram, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAmerican Association of Suicidology. 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The Dryden Press, Fort Worth\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amrita Nandy, Mohona Biswas, Joysree Das  , &#8220;Social Media &#038; Mental Health: A Narrative Study on Bangladesh during the Lockdown time of COVID-19 Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.680-689 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6142<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/social-media-mental-health-a-narrative-study-on-bangladesh-during-the-lockdown-time-of-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Social Media &#038; Mental Health: A Narrative Study on Bangladesh during the Lockdown time of COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2abe5a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2abe5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ac0a6\" data-id=\"c2ac0a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ac1da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ac1da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ac280 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ac280\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ac89c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ac9f4\" data-id=\"c2ac9f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2acafc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2acafc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2acb9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2acb9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2acce2\" data-id=\"c2acce2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad132 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ad132\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad205 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ad205\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad385\" data-id=\"c2ad385\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad49f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ad49f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad54b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ad54b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad6c0\" data-id=\"c2ad6c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad7d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ad7d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Effective and Prompt Assessment of Good Corporate Governance on Public Sector Entities- Evaluation of Ideal Best Practices<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tassisius Muzivi &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 690-698<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ad876 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ad876\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ada34\" data-id=\"c2ada34\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2adbf0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2adbf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There are several best practices against which good corporate governance can be assessed based on; however, in a public sector setup it is not feasible to apply all the benchmarks during prompt corporate governance assessments. There is also lack of clarity in literature on specific best practices applicable to the public sector. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the ideal corporate governance best practices in the context of public sector entities. An extensive and critical review of literature has been conducted to evaluate the appropriate best practices. Main source of related information has been journals, prior empirical studies and books. In the process, the value and intricacy of good governance in the context of public entities have been expounded. Accordingly, it was established that good governance has a significant contribution to economic growth, sustainability and investor attraction; public sector governance has also been found out to be intricate due to multiple government arms, bureaucracy, political influence and citizenry involvement. It was concluded that corporate governance for public sector entities is effectively revealed through quality service, transparency, compliance and strategic focus;extent of political influence and ethical conduct of those in charge. It is recommended to apply a standard corporate governance assessment criterion on public sector entities to enhance comparability, effectiveness and promptness. <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 690-698\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tassisius Muzivi<\/strong>\r\nGraduate School of Business, Bindura University of Science Education<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tOECD.(2021). 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Separation of Powers and the Role of Political Theory in Contemporary Democracies.International Journal of Constitutional Law, (15)3, 861\u2013865\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tassisius Muzivi &#8220;An Effective and Prompt Assessment of Good Corporate Governance on Public Sector Entities- Evaluation of Ideal Best Practices&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.690-698 January 2022 URL: 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2af300 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2af300\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2af455\" data-id=\"c2af455\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2af694 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2af9c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2af9c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2afa5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2afa5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2afba8\" data-id=\"c2afba8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2afcc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2afcc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2afd5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2afd5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2afeaf\" data-id=\"c2afeaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2affb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2affb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b005b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b005b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b01bf\" data-id=\"c2b01bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b02da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b02da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants of Choice of Appraisal Methods for Investment Appraisal by Firms in Ghana: A Study of Selected Firms, In Kumasi<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Boachie Danquah- January 2022- Page No.: 699-703<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b037b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b037b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b04f6\" data-id=\"c2b04f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b061d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2b061d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe purpose of the study was to examine determinants of choice of appraisal methods for investment appraisal by firms in Ghana using some selected firms in Kumasi.The study specifically sought todetermine whether investment decisions are appraised and determine the reason for the choice of a particular method of appraisal.The study adopted a quantitative approach using a descriptive survey design, focusing on ten (10) selected companies in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The target population for the research comprised all employees of the finance departments of ten (10) selected companies in the region. A sample size of fifty (50) respondents, representing over 10% of the total population was used. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select these fifty (50) respondents from the companies of the population. The study showed that indeed investments decisions are appraised in Ghanaian companies. This was confirmed by 40 respondents representing 80% of the sampled population. The study further revealed that, Viability and Profitability of any Investment Project was the most popular reason for choosing a particular type of appraisal method. This was evidenced in the overwhelming confirmation it received as a viable reason for picking an appraisal method.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 699-703\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 January 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Boachie Danquah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Business, Valley View University, Ghana\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants(1978). Commission on Auditors\u2019Responsibilities: Report, Conclusions, and Recommendations, New York, Commission\ton Auditors\u2019 Responsibilities.\r\n[2]\tAndreo, P. (2018). Monte Carlo simulations in radiotherapy dosimetry. Radiation Oncology,13(1), 1-15.\r\n[3]\tAnthony, M. U. G. O. (2017). Effects of merger and acquisition on financial performance: casestudy of commercial banks. International Journal of Business Management &#038; Finance,\t1(6), 93-105.\r\n[4]\t\u00c4rleb\u00e4ck, J. B., &#038;Frejd, P. (2021). On pre-service secondary teachers\u2019 mathematical content knowledge in statistics. Sustainable mathematics education in a digitalized world, 203\r\n[5]\tBaird, K., Su, S. X., &#038; Tung, A. (2021). An insight into the associations between environmental activity management, environmental management systems and performance. Meditari\tAccountancy Research.\r\n[6]\tChwastyk, A., &#038;Pisz, I. (2017). OFN Capital Budgeting Under Uncertainty and Risk. In Theory and Applications of Ordered Fuzzy Numbers (pp. 157-169). Springer, Cham.\r\n[7]\tFabinu, I. B., Makinde, K. O., &#038;Folorunso, A. O. (2017). Empirical analysis of capital assets pricing model (CAPM) as a tool for valuation of a company\u2019s returns. Net Journal of\tBusiness Management, 5(2), 30-40.\r\n[8]\tFerracuti, E., &#038;Stubben, S. R. (2019). The role of financial reporting in resolving uncertainty about corporate investment opportunities. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 68(2-3),\t101248.\r\n[9]\tFrynas, J.G., &#038;Mellahi,K . (2011). \u201cGlobal Strategic Management,\u201d (2nd Edition) Oxford\tUniversity Press, Oxford.\r\n[10]\tGitau, G. G. (2013). The Information Content of Mergers and Acquisition Announcement For Listed Companies At Nairobi Securities Exchange (Doctoral dissertation, University of\tNairobi).\r\n[11]\tHadi, F. (2017). Effect of emotional intelligence on investment decision making with amoderating role of financial literacy. China-USA Business Review, 10.\r\n[12]\tKengatharan, L. (2017). Capital investment decision making under uncertainty: perspectives of an emerging economy. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 12(2), 51-77.\r\n[13]\tKhaled, M. H. B. (2020). The relationship between CEO compensation and financial performance in Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. Investment\tManagement &#038; Financial Innovations, 17(2), 240.\r\n[14]\tKim, H., &#038; Yasuda, Y. (2020). Earnings Management and Stock Market Listing (No. G-1-24).\r\n[15]\tKroos, P., Schabus, M., &#038;Verbeeten, F. (2021). The Relation between Internal Forecasting\tSophistication and Accounting Misreporting. Journal of Management Accounting\tResearch.\r\n[16]\tPuspitasari, D. M. (2021). Does the Ability to Manage Assets Affect Non-Performing Asset Purchase Decisions?.Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education\t(TURCOMAT), 12(8), 445-451.\r\n[17]\tTrigeorgis, L., &#038;Tsekrekos, A. E. (2018). Real options in operations research: A review.\tEuropean Journal of Operational Research, 270(1), 1-24.\r\n[18]\tWebsters Dictionary (2011).\r\n[19]\tYoung, M. (2007). Bringing knowledge back in: From social constructivism to social realism inthe sociology of education. Routledge\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Boachie Danquah,  &#8220;Determinants of Choice of Appraisal Methods for Investment Appraisal by Firms in Ghana: A Study of Selected Firms, In Kumasi&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.699-703 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/699-703.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/699-703.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-of-choice-of-appraisal-methods-for-investment-appraisal-by-firms-in-ghana-a-study-of-selected-firms-in-kumasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determinants of Choice of Appraisal Methods for Investment Appraisal by Firms in Ghana: A Study of Selected Firms, In Kumasi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1456 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2b1456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1526 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b1526\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b16be\" data-id=\"c2b16be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b17f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b17f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b18a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b18a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1a02\" data-id=\"c2b1a02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1b14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b1b14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1bbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b1bbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b1eba\" data-id=\"c2b1eba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b200d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b200d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b20b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b20b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2210\" data-id=\"c2b2210\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2318 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b2318\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b23c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b23c1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2506\" data-id=\"c2b2506\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b2619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b26b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b26b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2817\" data-id=\"c2b2817\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b292c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b292c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b29d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b29d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2b42\" data-id=\"c2b2b42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2c58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b2c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Stakeholders\u2019 Perception of Factors Influencing Low Academic Performance of Pupils\u2019 in Basic Education Certificate Examinations in Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Timothy Agure Awinimi, Berigah Dorcas, Augustine Adjei      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 704-720<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2cf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b2cf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b2e98\" data-id=\"c2b2e98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b301d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2b301d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study aimed at looking at factors influencing stakeholders\u2019 perception of factors of low academic performance of pupils in Basic Education Certificate Examination in Pusiga District.  The study also sought to find out how teachers\u2019, pupils, and parents perceive the factors responsible for pupils&#8217; low academic performance in BECE. The sources of data comprised questionnaires. The respondents were 270 comprising teachers\u2019, pupils, and parents. The study\u2019s findings unearthed that multiple factors influence the low academic performance of pupils. The school and teacher-related factors that influence low academic performance included lack of monitoring and supervision of learning, misuse of instructional time, and teacher incompetence. But, the pupils\u2019 related factors included problems with language proficiency, negative attitudes towards learning, and problems of regularity and punctuality. The study also found that the home and parent-related factors that significantly influenced pupils&#8217; performance included a lack of conducive home environment, lack of parental involvement, and monitoring of children\u2019s education.  The study concluded that attention needs to be paid to the language proficiency of the pupils, pupils\u2019 attitude towards learning, and regularity and punctuality to school to enhance the academic performance of the pupils. It is recommended that the District Directorate and Head teachers intensify their supervision and monitoring roles, offer guidance and counselling, and periodically organize in-service training for teachers. Also, parents should monitor pupils learning at home. Therefore, it is pertinent that education stakeholders look at considering comprehensive factors that influence the academic performance of pupils in the Pusiga District, instead of concentrating on selective individual factors\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 704-720\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Timothy Agure Awinimi<\/strong>\r\nGbewaa College of Education, Upper East, Ghana W\/A                                                                                                                                     \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Berigah Dorcas <\/strong>\r\nGbewaa College of Education, Upper East, Ghana W\/A     \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Augustine Adjei <\/strong>\r\nOffinso College of Education, Offinso-Ashanti, Ghana W\/A                                                                                        \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAbayi, O., &#038;Odipo, G. 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School-family community partnerships and the academicAchievement of African, American Urban adolescents\r\n[86]\tSarantakos, S. (2005).  Social research. (3rded). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.\r\n[87]\tSchultz, T. P. (2002). \u201cWhy governments should invest more to educate girls\u201d. Journal of labour economics, Vol. 25: pp. 95-135\r\n[88]\tShamaki, T. A. (2015).  Influence of learning environment on students\u2019 academic achievement in mathematics:  a case study of some selected secondary schools in Yobe-State-Nigeria.  Journal of Education and Practice, 6(34), 40-44.\r\n[89]\tSteingber, L. (1989).  Adolescence.  2nded.) New York: Alfred A. Knopf.\r\n[90]\tTopor, F. D. (2010).  The impact of parental involvement on a child\u2019s academic performance. PMC Advanced Journal, 38(3).  183-197.\r\n[91]\tWest African Examination Council (2002). Basic Education Certificate Examination: Chief Examiners\u2019 Report. Accra: WAEC\r\n[92]\tWest African Examination Council (2003). 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Retrieved from https:\/\/www researchgate.net\/profile\/subhanZein\/Publication\/300909051 on July 10, 2014.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Timothy Agure Awinimi, Berigah Dorcas, Augustine Adjei     &#8220;Stakeholders\u2019 Perception of Factors Influencing Low Academic Performance of Pupils\u2019 in Basic Education Certificate Examinations in Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.704-720 January 2022 URL: 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b516a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b516a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b520f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b520f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5358\" data-id=\"c2b5358\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b54ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b54ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b556d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b556d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b56d0\" data-id=\"c2b56d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b57e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b57e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5889 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b5889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b59fb\" data-id=\"c2b59fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5b07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b5b07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges of School Boards in Management of Subsidized Funds for Secondary Education in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Johnson Bulowa, Sarah Likoko- January 2022- Page No.: 721-723<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5ba4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b5ba4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5d1a\" data-id=\"c2b5d1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b5e53 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2b5e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study evaluated the management of funds for subsidized secondary education in public day schools in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The target population included all the Boards of Management of 68 public secondary schools in Kiminini Sub-County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 21 head teachers from 21 sampled schools. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A questionnaire was used in data collection. Correlation analysis established that challenges negatively and significantly influence effectiveness of managing funds. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 721-723\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6143<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Johnson Bulowa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sarah Likoko<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAduda, D. (2007, July 7th). \u201cPower to School Boards.\u201d Nairobi: Daily Nation. Nation Media Group.\r\n[2]\tCheruto, K.L., &#038; Kyalo, W. B. (2010). Managementchallenges facing implementation of free primary education in Kenya: A case of Keiyo District. Journal of Education Administration and Policy Studies Vol.2(5), pp. 71-76, June 2010\r\n[3]\tSerem, D.K., &#038;Kipkoech, L. C. E. (2012).Role of Community in the Management of Free Primary Education in Kenya. Kenyatta University,  Kenya. https:\/\/www.questia.com\/library\/journal\/1P3-3086871781\/role-of  Community-in-the- management-of-free-primary\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Johnson Bulowa, Sarah Likoko,  &#8220;Challenges of School Boards in Management of Subsidized Funds for Secondary Education in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.721-723 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6143<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/721-723.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenges-of-school-boards-in-management-of-subsidized-funds-for-secondary-education-in-kiminini-sub-county-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Challenges of School Boards in Management of Subsidized Funds for Secondary Education in Kiminini Sub-County in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b6d47 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2b6d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b6e38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b6e38\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b6fc6\" data-id=\"c2b6fc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b70f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b70f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b71bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b71bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b731c\" data-id=\"c2b731c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b7432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b74d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b74d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7629\" data-id=\"c2b7629\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7733 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b7733\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b77d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b77d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7977\" data-id=\"c2b7977\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7aa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b7aa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7b45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b7b45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7c98\" data-id=\"c2b7c98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7dd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b7dd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7e7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b7e7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b7fce\" data-id=\"c2b7fce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b80d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b80d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b817f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b817f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b82e6\" data-id=\"c2b82e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b843f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b843f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Microfinance Impacts and SME&#8217;S: Evidence from Ayawaso West Municipality, Ghana<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Daniel Bamfo  &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 724-731<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b851e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2b851e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b86c3\" data-id=\"c2b86c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b8840 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2b8840\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">SMEs\u2019 contribute to the Gross Domestic Product of Ghana through employment creation and paying of revenue .SMEs&#8217; contributions in terms of employing people in their businesses make them more productive, leading to poverty reduction. Despite SMEs&#8217; contributions to the economy&#8217;s development, obtaining funding or credit from formal financial institutions such as banks to enable their operations is a big challenging for SMEs\r\nMicrofinance institutions fill the financial gap to offer services such as credit and business training to maximize the impact of SMEs. The purpose of the research study was to assess the impact of Microfinance services on the performance of SMEs in Ayawaso West, Ghana, in terms of profitability, employment, and sales growth. A descriptive survey that employed a quantitative analysis was used for the study. A linear regressions was employed to analyse the data. The finding of the study showed   microfinance services (loans and training) had a positive impact on the performance of SMEs. The study recommends that Microfinance institutions should design specific products and services such as loans and business training to make a positive impact on the performance of SMEs. \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 724-731\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daniel Bamfo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Graduate Studies, Valley View University, Accra, Ghana\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAl-Mamun, A., Mohammad, N., Huda, M., &#038;Malarvizhi, C. A.  (2014). Measuring the effect of AmanahIkhtiar Malaysia\u2019s microcredit programme on economic vulnerability among hardcore poor households. Progress in Development Studies, 1, 49 \u2013 Conceptual framework: The role of microfinance on the wellbeing of poor people cases studies from Malaysia and Yemen. Asian Social Science 10(1), 230\u201342.\r\n[2]\tAsantewa, J. (2015). Constraints of female entrepreneurs in small-scale bakery enterprises. Master\u2019s thesis submitted to the Department of Vocational and Technical Education of the College of Education, University of Cape Coast. Retrieved from http:\/\/erl.ucc.edu.gh\r\n[3]\tAttanasio, O., Augsburg, B., De Haas, R., Fitzsimons, E. &#038;Harmgart, H. (2015). The impacts of microfinance: Evidence from joint-liability lending in Mongolia. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 7(1), 90-122.\r\n[4]\tAugustine, O. &#038;Asiedu, E. (2017). Monetary versus fiscal policy effects on SMEs growth in   Africa: Evidence from Ghana. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 164(1), 7-24. \r\n[5]\tBashir, A.B. &#038;Ondigo, H.O. (2018). Effect of financial product on performance of small and medium enterprises in Niarobi county. Journal of International Business, Innovation and Strategic Management, 1(6), 1-36.\r\n[6]\tDahir, A. M. (2018). The challenges facing microfinance institutions in poverty alleviation: A case study in Mogadishu. International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education,2(2), 56-62.\r\n[7]\tDutta, A. &#038; Banerjee, S. (2018). Does microfinance impede sustainable entrepreneurial Initiatives among women borrowers? Evidence from rural Bangladesh. Journal of Rural Studies, 6, 70-81.\r\n[8]\tDziwornu, R. K. &#038;Anagba, K. K. (2018). Demand for microfinance institution loan by women entrepreneurs in selected markets in Ghana. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 20(4).\r\n[9]\tElhadidi, H. H. (2018). The impact of microfinance on poverty reduction in Egypt: An Empirical study. Enterprise Development and Microfinance, 29(2), 172-181.\r\n[10]\tElsafi, M. H., et al. 2019. The Impact of Microfinance Programs on Monetary Poverty Reduction. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development.\r\n[11]\tErdogan, A.I. (2019). Determinants of perceived bank financing accessibility for SMEs:evidence from an emerging market. Economic Research-EkonomskaIstra\u017eivanja,32(1), 690-716. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/1331677X.2019.1578678.\r\n[12]\tGarikipati, S., et al. 2017. Microfinance and gender: Issues, challenges and the road ahead.The Journal of Development Studies, 53(5).\r\n[13]\tGhana Statistical Service. (2015). Revised 2014 Annual Gross Domestic Product. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.statsghana.gov.gh\r\n[14]\tGupta, K. &#038; Gupta, S. K. (2019). Impact and effectiveness of microfinance on decline in poverty: A study of District Shimla. International Journal of Basic and Applied Research, 9 (6).Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Impact-and-\r\n[15]\tKibichii, A. K. &#038;Wafula, F. (2020). Effect of microfinance products on the growth of small and   medium enterprises in Nairobi County. International Academic Journal of Economics   and Finance, 3(6), 152-167\r\n[16]\tKhanam, D., Mohiuddin, M., Hoque, A. &#038; Weber, O. (2018). Financing micro-entrepreneurs for poverty alleviation: SA performance analysis of microfinance services offered by BRAC, ASA and Proshita in Pakistan. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(27), 1-17.\r\n[17]\tKumra, K. &#038; Sharma, V. K. (2018). Microfinance: A tool for poverty alleviation. Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 7(2), 1-6.\r\n[18]\tLopatta, K. &#038;Tchikov, M. (2016). Do MFIs fulfil their promise? Evidence from cross-country        data. Applied Economics, 48(18), 1655-1677.\r\n[19]\tMohammad, A. (2015). Prospects and challenges of credit union operations in Ghana: A case study of selected credit unions in the Techiman Municipality. A thesis submitted to the School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology for the award of Master of Business Administration, Finance.\r\n[20]\tMoscalu M, Girardone C, Calabrese R (2019). SMEs growth under financing constraints and    banking markets integration in the euro area. Journal of Small Business Management,          1-40.\r\n[21]\tMumi, A., G. Joseph &#038;Quayes, S. (2020). Organizational and legal institutions and the performance of microfinance institutions as hybrid entities. Journal of Accounting and  Organizational Change.\r\n[22]\tNogueira, S. et al. (2020). Microfinance:Where are we and where are we going?Development in Practice.\r\n[23]\tNtiamoah, E. B., Li, D. &#038;Kwamega, M. (2016). Impact of government and other   institutions\u2019 support on performance of small and medium enterprises in the agribusiness sector in Ghana. AJIBM American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 6, 558-567. doi:10.4236\/ajibm.2016.65052\r\n[24]\tNtim, D.O. (2019). Microfinance and poverty reduction: Evidence from market women in the New Juaben Municipality, Ghana. ADRRI Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, Ghana,15(3), 12-29.\r\n[25]\tNukpezah, J. A. &#038;Blankson, C. (2017). Microfinance intervention in poverty reduction: A study of women farmer-entrepreneurs in rural Ghana. Journal of African Business18(4).\r\n[26]\tOdoom D. (2019). Investigating the challenges faced by MFIs in Ghana. Evidence from Takoradi. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(10)\r\n[27]\tOkere, P. A., Kingsley, C. D. O., Lawrence, N. U. &#038;Ozuzu, P. N. (2018). Financial inclusion and economic growth of Nigeria (The microfinance option). International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(2), 61-74.\r\n[28]\tPrathap, B.N., Mahesh, K. &#038;Karthik, K. R. (2018). The impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation. Journal of Management, 5(4), 278-286.\r\n[29]\tPeprah, J. A., Mensah, A. O. &#038;Akosah, N. B. (2016). Small and medium-sized enterprises   (SMEs) accessibility to public procurement: SMEs entity perspective in Ghana. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 4(11), 25-40. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.ejbss.com\/\r\n[30]\tRahman, M. W., Luo, J., Hafeez, A. S. M. G. &#038; Sun, T. (2015). A comprehensive review of microfinance impacts, sustainability and outreach. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics and Sociology, 6(2), 64-76.                                                                                                                          \r\n[31]\tRambe, P., &#038; Makhalemele, N. (2015). Relationship between managerial competencies of owners\/managers of emerging technology firms and business performance: A conceptual framework of internet caf\u00e9s performance in South Africa. International Business &#038;Economics Research Journal, 14(4), 678-692.\r\n[32]\tRehman, H., et al. 2020. Role of microfinance institutions in women empowerment: A case    study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies, 30 (1).\r\n[33]\tTafamel, E. A.(2019). Analysis of the effects of microfinance institutions on poverty reduction in Nigeria. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 5(2), 114-119.\r\n[34]\tThe Holy Bible  , New International Version.\r\n[35]\tSue-Lynn, C. (2017). What are the roles of microfinance in the economic development? Retrieved from: https:\/\/bisfluent.com\r\n[36]\tSultan, Y. &#038;Masih, M. (2016). Does microfinance affect economic growth?  Evidence from Bangladesh based on ARDL approach. Retrieved from: https:\/\/mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/72123\/\r\n[37]\tTrombetta M., Calvo, M. L., Casadio, P. (2017). Microfinance institutions and micro &#038; small enterprises in Ghana: The potential of the missing middle  F-33114-GHA-1.\r\n[38]\tUnited Nations, Concept Paper: Building Inclusive Financial Sectors to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals (International Year of Microcredit, United Nations, 2005) \r\n[39]\tUssif, R. &#038;Ertugrul, M.  (2020). Overview of microfinance institutions and the Ghanaian economy. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2456-2165. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Daniel Bamfo,  &#8220;Microfinance Impacts and SME&#8217;S: Evidence from Ayawaso West Municipality, Ghana&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.724-731 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/724-731.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/microfinance-impacts-and-smes-evidence-from-ayawaso-west-municipality-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Microfinance Impacts and SME&#8217;S: Evidence from Ayawaso West Municipality, Ghana<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b9789 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2b9789\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2b9d1c\" data-id=\"c2b9d1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b9e2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2b9e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2b9ed4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-element-c2ba4bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ba4bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ba5fe\" data-id=\"c2ba5fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ba70a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ba70a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ba7a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ba7a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ba8f2\" data-id=\"c2ba8f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ba9f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ba9f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2baa99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2baa99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bac0e\" data-id=\"c2bac0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bad19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bad19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Salary Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions among the Teaching Staff in Public Universities in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sarah Likoko, Jane Barasa      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 732-735<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2badb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2badb3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2baf1f\" data-id=\"c2baf1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bb053 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2bb053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of salary satisfaction on turnover intentions among the teaching staff in public Universities in Kenya.The study employed ex post facto research design to test the statistical relationships between the variables. Simple random sampling was used to select 376 teaching staff members. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire (likert type scale 1-5). Data was analyzed using correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that salary satisfaction had a significant negative influence on the turnover intentions amongst the teaching staff in Kenyan Public Universities\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 732-735\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6144<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sarah Likoko<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University, Kenya                                                                                                                                                      \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jane Barasa <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Planning and Management, Kibabii University, Kenya\r\n\r\n                                                                                \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tA\u2019yuninnisa, R. N, &#038; Saptoto, R.(2015).The effects of pay satisfaction and affective \tcommitment on turnover intention. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology,2015 April, Volume 4 Number 2, 57-70\r\n[2]\tHasibuan, S. J., Mariatin, E &#038; Ananda, F.(2019). \u201cThe influence of Pay Satisfaction and \tOrganizational Commitment on Turnover Intention on Employees of PT. Bank \tMuamalat Indonesia, Tbk Medan,\u201d International Research Journal of Advanced \tEngineeringand Science, Volume 4, Issue 3, pp. 96-98, 2019.\r\n[3]\tKratina, I., Zamfirescu, C.,Trepanier, K., &#038; Marques, L.(2015).Survey questionnaires and \tgraphs. Electronic Journal of Statistics, 9(2), 2202-\t2254.doi:10.1214\/15-\tEJS1067\r\n[4]\tMabaso, C.M., &#038; Bongani, I. D. (2017). Impact of Compensation and Benefits on Job \tSatisfaction. Research Journal of Business Management, 11: 80-90.\r\n[5]\tPark, T., &#038; Shaw, J. D. (2013). Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-\tanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 268-309. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/a0030723\r\n[6]\tSpherion (2013). Emerging Workforce Study 2013. Online: http:\/\/www.spherion.com\/ews &#8211;\t\/survey findings\/2013-ews\/ [Accessed at 26 Jan. 2014]. Spherion Staffing LLC.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sarah Likoko, Jane Barasa     &#8220;Salary Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions among the Teaching Staff in Public Universities in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.732-735 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6144<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/732-735.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/salary-satisfaction-and-turnover-intentions-among-the-teaching-staff-in-public-universities-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Salary Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions among the Teaching Staff in Public Universities in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bbebc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2bbebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bbf92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bbf92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc11b\" data-id=\"c2bc11b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc242 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bc242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc2e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bc2e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc445\" data-id=\"c2bc445\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc54d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bc54d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bc5ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-element-c2bcd6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bcd6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bceb2\" data-id=\"c2bceb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bcfc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bcfc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd05d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bd05d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd1ed\" data-id=\"c2bd1ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd327 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bd327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd3cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bd3cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd53c\" data-id=\"c2bd53c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd690 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bd690\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Knowledge, attitude and practice of maternal exercise among pregnant mothers attending primary health care centres in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Da\u2019am, Emmanuel Haniya, Jatau Shahbogawi Richard &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 736-742\u00a0<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd756 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bd756\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bd8e6\" data-id=\"c2bd8e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bda38 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2bda38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe purpose of the study was to determine the level of Knowledge, attitude and practice of maternal exercise among pregnant mothersattending Primary Health Care Centres in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, three research objectives were formulated with three corresponding research questions and two hypotheses postulated to guide the study. Literatures pertinent to the study were reviewed. The study used a descriptive Cross-sectional research design which was suitable for this study. The target population for the study comprised all pregnant mothers attending Antenatal Clinics within Jos metropolis. The sample size  for the study was 150 pregnant mothers gotten through purposive sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was researchers developed structured questionnaire made up of four sections. Section A consisted of questions on demographic characteristic of the respondents, B consisted of questions on level of knowledge, C consisted of questions on attitude of respondent towards maternal exercise and D consisted of questions on level of practice of maternal exercise.The data were collected with the help of the research assistants and were cross-checked for completeness of the information.The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages and were presented in Tables. Chi-square statistics was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. The results revealed that pregnant mothers knowledge level concerning maternal exercise was high, their attitude towards maternal exercise was reasonably positive and their level of practice was moderate during pregnancy. The study recommended among others that expectant mothers were encouraged to share the knowledge of maternal exercise with their colleagues for healthy pregnancy and the community members were health educated on the importance of maternal exercise for pregnant mothers during pregnancy.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 736-742\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Da\u2019am, Emmanuel Haniya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD. Public Health Education, M.Ed. Public Health Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Jos, Jos Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jatau Shahbogawi Richard <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD. Exercise and Sport Science M.Ed. Health Education, Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Jos, Jos Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Committee Opinion No. 650.Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126 (6):e135\u2013142. \r\n[2]\tBalamurugan, J. ,Tsiwaye, G., Mulualem, Y.  andMoges .G. G. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antenatal exercises among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study\r\n[3]\tBalamurugan, J. ,Tsiwaye, G., Mulualem, Y. and  Moges, G. G (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antenatal exercises among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247533\r\n[4]\tChidozie E Mbada et al.  (2014). Knowledge and Attitude of Nigerian Pregnant Women towards Antenatal Exercise: A Cross-Sectional Survey\r\n[5]\tEdinah, S, Micky, O. O., Issah, K and Esther V(2018).Knowledge of Prenatal Exercise among Expectant Women from Selected Health Facilities, Kakamega County, Kenya. Journal of Physical Activity Research 3(1).DOI:10.12691\/jpar-3-1-9\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Da\u2019am, Emmanuel Haniya, Jatau Shahbogawi Richard ,  &#8220;Knowledge, attitude and practice of maternal exercise among pregnant mothers attending primary health care centres in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.736-742 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/736-742.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/736-742.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-of-maternal-exercise-among-pregnant-mothers-attending-primary-health-care-centres-in-jos-metropolis-plateau-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Knowledge, attitude and practice of maternal exercise among pregnant mothers attending primary health care centres in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2be992 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2be992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bf6f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bf6f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bf79c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bf79c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bf8f4\" data-id=\"c2bf8f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bfa0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bfa0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bfab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bfab9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2bfc0b\" data-id=\"c2bfc0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2bfd2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2bfd2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2bfdcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2bfdcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c5e6d\" data-id=\"c2c5e6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c5fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c5fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Survey of The Studies on Children\u2019s Song Accompaniment and Playing and Singing Course of Preschool Education Major in Higher Vocational Education in China<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lin ZiXuan, Karthiyaini Devarajoo- January 2022- Page No.: 743-748<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c6094 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c6094\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c6238\" data-id=\"c2c6238\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c63a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2c63a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nWith the in-depth reform of quality education in China, preschool education, as a basic education, is becoming more and more popular. The enrollment of preschool education in Higher Vocational Colleges in various regions is expanding and developing. In the skill courses of preschool education, Children\u2019s Song Accompaniment, Playing and Singing is a compulsory course. This course is not only the skill of playing the piano, but also an important tool and means for kindergarten teachers to communicate with children. For kindergarten teachers, children\u2019s song accompaniment and playing and singing teaching ability is the most basic professional skill of an excellent kindergarten teacher. However, at present, the training of this course in higher vocational colleges can not fully meet the professional needs of college students after graduation. This study, through the collation and analysis of existing literature, discusses the problems and difficulties faced by piano lecturers majoring in preschool education in Higher Vocational Colleges in ensuring that the teaching objectives, teaching methods and teaching practice of Children\u2019s Song Accompaniment, Playing and Singing course meet the standards stipulated by the Ministry of education of China, so as to help students better master this course and apply it flexibly in practical teaching in their future jobs.\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 743-748\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6145<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lin ZiXuan  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nGuangxi College for Preschool Education, 6 Fengxiang Road, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Karthiyaini Devarajoo  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Business, Information and Human Sciences Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1].\tDayong, C. 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On the Current Situation of Music Teaching in Preschool Education of Higher Vocational Education. The Guide of Science &#038; Education, 1674\u20136813, 42\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16400\/j.cnki.kjdkz.2019.11.021\r\n[16].\tRuofei, L. (2020). Research on the existing problems and optimization strategies of children\u2019s song playing and singing teaching in preschool art education major. Northern Music Music, 1002-767X, 181\u2013182.\r\n[17].\tShasha, P. (2020). Research on Online Teaching of Piano Play and Singing Collect Course in Pre-school Education Major of Colleges and Universities. Evaluation of Art, 100\u2013102.\r\n[18].\tTian, T. (2021). Analysis of secondary vocational preschool education students children\u2019s singing ability training path. Modern Vocational Education, 2096\u20130603, 42\u201343.\r\n[19].\tTonghui, L. (2019). 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Journal of Jilin TV &#038; Radio University, 1008\u20137508, 40\u201342.\r\n[32].\tYu, C. (2020). On the cultivation of children\u2019s song playing and singing ability of students in Higher Vocational preschool Education. The Farmers Consultant, 1003\u20135494, 246.\r\n[33].\tYuan, W. (2017). Research on the teaching and Learning of nursery rhymes based on post Ability demand.\r\n[34].\tYumeng, L. (2021). Study on aesthetic education value of piano course in Preschool Education Specialty. Home Drama, 1007\u20130125, 181\u2013182.\r\n[35].\tYun, J. (2019). Cultivation of children\u2019s songs playing and singing ability of preschool education major students. Song of the Yellow River, 1004\u20136127, 98.\r\n[36].\tYuzhe, G. (2020). Practice and Exploration ofOnline Teaching of Playing and Singing Skills in Pre-school Education. Journal of Qiqihar Junior Teachers\u2019College, 1009\u20133958, 108\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16322\/j.cnki.23-1534\/z.2020.05.037\r\n[37].\tZhongsheng, W. (2019). Discussion on teaching Content reform practice of \u201cPiano Foundation and Children\u2019s Song Playing\u201d course. Song of the Yellow River, 1004\u20136127, 91\u201392.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lin ZiXuan, Karthiyaini Devarajoo,  &#8220;A Survey of The Studies on Children\u2019s Song Accompaniment and Playing and Singing Course of Preschool Education Major in Higher Vocational Education in China&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.743-748 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6145<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/743-748.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-survey-of-the-studies-on-childrens-song-accompaniment-and-playing-and-singing-course-of-preschool-education-major-in-higher-vocational-education-in-china\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Survey of The Studies on Children\u2019s Song Accompaniment and Playing and Singing Course of Preschool Education Major in Higher Vocational Education in China<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c79b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c79b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7b13\" data-id=\"c2c7b13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7c21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c7c21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7cbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c7cbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7e13\" data-id=\"c2c7e13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7f27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c7f27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c7fca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c7fca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c811c\" data-id=\"c2c811c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c8228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c82c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c82c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c840a\" data-id=\"c2c840a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c85cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c85cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8682 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c8682\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8809\" data-id=\"c2c8809\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8928 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2c8928\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Succession Planning and Financial Performance: A Resource-Based View Analysis<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Isaac Onyeyirichukwu Chukwuma, Emmanuel Chibueze Ohakim, Emmanuel Kalu Agbaeze, Fidelis Odinakachukwu Alaefule, Uche MaryRose Iwobi, Gertrude Chinelo Ugwuja, Jacob Ojonugwa- January 2022- Page No.: 749-753<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2c89c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2c89c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8b66\" data-id=\"c2c8b66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2c8cd6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2c8cd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nSuccession planning (SP) connotes the empowerment of employees with valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable capabilities that ensure the sustainability and optimisation of organisational performance. This study expands relevant knowledge on the empirical relationship between succession planning and financial performance, and creates a niche within the context of the resource-based view theory. This study is qualitative and explores the resource-based view perspective in understanding the relationship between succession planning and financial performance. This study, via the reviewed empirical literature, observed a heightened positive relationship between SP and the financial performance of organisations. The study concludes by postulating, that the ultimate goals of every organisation are growth, relevance, and sustainability; SP is indispensable to the optimization of these goals as it influences critical performance factors that facilitate the positive continuity and achievement of these goals, hence, succession planning is inevitable for any organisation that is interested in a viable posterity, especially with regards to its financial performance.\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 749-753\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6146<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac Onyeyirichukwu Chukwuma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Chibueze Ohakim<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Kalu Agbaeze<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fidelis Odinakachukwu Alaefule<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uche MaryRose Iwobi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gertrude Chinelo Ugwuja<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jacob Ojonugwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Nigeria, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tAbor, J., &#038; Biekpe, N. (2013). Succession planning and performance of small scale enterprises in Ghana. Corporate Governance, 4(2), 48-60.\r\n[2]\tAli, Z., Mehmood, B., Ejaz, S., &#038; Ashraf, S. F. (2014). Impact of succession planning on employee\u2019s performance: Evidence from commercial banks of Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 44(2), 213-220.\r\n[3]\tArmstrong, M., &#038; Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong&#8217;s handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers.\r\n[4]\tAvanesh, N. M. (2011). A study on succession planning and its impact on organizational performance in the IT sector in Bangalore India. Journal of Arts, Science &#038; Commerce, 11(1), 165-177.\r\n[5]\tBain, J. S. (1968). Industrial organization. New York: John Wiley.\r\n[6]\tBarney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.\r\n[7]\tBarney, J. B. (2002). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.\r\n[8]\tBeheshtifar, M., &#038; Vazir-Panah, Z. (2012). Leadership development activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(7), 387-393.\r\n[9]\tBernthal, P., &#038; Wellins, R. (2013). Trends in leader development and succession. People and Strategy, 29(2), 31-44.\r\n[10]\tBromiley, P., &#038; Papenhausen, C. (2003). Assumptions of rationality and equilibrium in strategy research: The limits of traditional economic analysis. Strategic Organization, 1, 413-437.\r\n[11]\tCalareso, J. P. (2013). Succession planning: The key to ensuring leadership. Planning For Higher Education, 41(3), 27-33.\r\n[12]\tChen, C. J., &#038; Huang, J. W. (2009). Strategic human resource practices and innovation performance: The mediating role of knowledge management capacity. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 104-114.\r\n[13]\tCheng, J. (2016). 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Journal of management, 27(6), 701-721.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kazeem Toyin Cynthia, Omole Ilesanmi Isaac,  &#8220;Succession Planning and Financial Performance: A Resource-Based View Analysis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.749-753 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6146<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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data-id=\"c2ca4db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ca673\" data-id=\"c2ca673\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ca7c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ca7c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ca87e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ca87e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ca9e6\" data-id=\"c2ca9e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2caaf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2caaf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cab95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cab95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cad07\" data-id=\"c2cad07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cae22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cae22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2caec2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2caec2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cb009\" data-id=\"c2cb009\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cb112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cb112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ccd0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ccd0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2ccf58\" data-id=\"c2ccf58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cd099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cd099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Security Challenges on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dyege Clement Akpenpuun, Agbe, J. I. (PhD), Idoko Alphonsius A. (PhD)  &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 754-761<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cd15e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cd15e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cd2f4\" data-id=\"c2cd2f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cd450 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2cd450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the influence of security challenges on the management of public universities in the North Central Nigeria. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 9,708 academic and senior administrative staff in seven Federal Universities in North Central Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 384 academic and senior administrative staff who were drawn using purposive, proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled \u201cSecurity Challenges and Management of Public Universities Questionnaire (SCMPUQ)\u201d. The questionnaire was validated by experts and its reliability was established using Cronbach Coefficient Alpha Method which yielded a coefficient of 0.87. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and Chi-Square Goodness of fit to test the hypotheses at 0.05level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that armed banditry and cultism have significant negative influence on the management of public universities in North Central Nigeria. The study also revealed that ethnic crisis does not significantly influence the management of public universities. The study concluded that security challenges such as armed banditry and cultism in North Central Nigeria pose a great challenge to the management of public universities. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended among others that the Federal Government and university management should be proactive in creating and sustaining a peaceful, threat-free environment by providing sufficient surveillance vehicles that will be very useful in timely fighting and containment of armed banditry activities in university environment and the university management should tighten up measures to check cult activities on campuses and all identified cultists should be rusticated from the institution by the university management. \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 754-761\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dyege Clement Akpenpuun <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agbe, J. I. (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Idoko Alphonsius A. (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tChibuzor, T. O. (2013). Cults groups in Nigerian universities: recruitment and initiation process. Retrieved on 26\/7\/2019 from www.eajournals.org\r\n[2]\tEkpoh, U. I., Edet, A. O. &#038; Ukpong, N. N. (2020). Security Challenges in Universities: Implications for Safe School Environment. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(6), 113-124.\r\n[3]\tEnumba, O (2012). Cultism and indiscipline among students in Higher Institutions in River State. Unpublished Dissertation presented to University of Port-Harcourt\r\n[4]\tHemen, M. (2010). Impact of Jukum-Tiv riots on the management of secondary schools in Taraba State. Unipulished Dissertation presented to the Benue State University, Makuldi.\r\n[5]\tIdoko, A. A (2015). Educational Management and Other Contemporary Problems. Makurdi: Wintoren Books\r\n[6]\tIgbuzor, O. (2011). Peace and security education: A critical factor for sustainable peace and national development. International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 2(1), 1-7\r\n[7]\tNigerian Tribune, (9th June, 2021). Again, gunmen kidnap UNIJOS lecturerhttps:\/\/tribuneonlineng.com\/again-gunmen-kidnap-unijos-lecturer\/. Accessed 1st June, 2021\r\n[8]\tNyamngee, E. (2021). Influence of Governing Councils on Management of Public Universities in North Central, Nigeria. An Unpublished PhD Thesis in Educational Administration and Planning, University of Agriculture, Makurdi\r\n[9]\tOgunode N. J., Wama, P. &#038; Dilmurod, A. (2020). Educational Administration in Nigerian: Challenges and the ways Forward. European Journal of Molecular &#038;Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 479-484\r\n[10]\tOkechukwu, F. C. &#038; Okechukwu, F. C. (2011). Total Quality Management in Higher Education: Symbolism or Substance? A Close Look at the Nigerian University System. [Online]. http:\/\/books.google.com.my\/books?hl=enandlr=andid=IA[Accessed 01 July 2021]. \r\n[11]\tOkoli, A. C. &#038; Okpaleke, F. N. (2014). Banditry and crisis of public safety in Nigeria: Issues in national security strategies. European Scientific Journal, 10(4), 350\u201362.\r\n[12]\tOkwe, V (2013). Impact of armed robberies and kidnappings on staff recruitment in Imo state. Unpublished Dissertation presented to University of Port-Harcourt\r\n[13]\tOladunjoye, P &#038; Omemu, F. (2013). Effects of Boko-Haram on school Attendance Northern Nigeria. British Journal of educational, 1 (2), 1-9.\r\n[14]\tOrikpe, E. (2013). Educational and National Security: Challenges and the way forward, Journal of Educational and Social Research. MCSER 3(10) 53-59.\r\n[15]\tOtonko, J. (2012). University Education in Nigeria: History, Successes, Failures and the Way Forward. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE), 1(2), 44-48\r\n[16]\tPremium Times (April 26, 2021).Gunmen kidnap three university students in Benue. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/news\/headlines\/457637-gunmen-kidnap-three-university-students-in-benue.html\r\n[17]\tThe Guardian Editorial Board (22 October 2019). Emerging ethnic crisis in Nigerian universities. Retrieved from https:\/\/guardian.ng\/opinion\/emerging-ethnic-crisis-in-nigerian-universities\/. Accessed 25th June, 2021\r\n[18]\tThe Sun Newspaper, 22nd  March, 2020). 24 UniAbuja students suspended indefinitely for alleged involvement in cultism. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sunnewsonline.com\/24-uniabuja-students-suspended-indefinitely-for-alleged-involvement-in-cultism\/. Accessed 29th June, 2021\r\n[19]\tThisday Newspaper, (June 11, 2021). Kidnapped UNIJOS Lecturer Regains Freedom. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thisdaylive.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/11\/kidnapped-unijos-lecturer-regains-freedom\/. Accessed 28th June, 2021\r\n[20]\tUdoh, V. C. &#038; Ikezu, U. J. M. (2015). Causes, Effects and Strategies for Eradicating Cultism among Students in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria-A Case Study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(22), 22-18\r\n[21]\tUshe, M. U. (2015) Religious Conflicts and Education in Nigeria: Implications for National Security. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(2), 117-129\r\n[22]\tUzuegbu-Wilson, E.  (2018). Security Challenges of Attacks on Schools in Nigeria: The Role of School Administrators, Staff, Parents and Students. Retrieved from https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3456304. Accessed 9th June, 2021\r\n[23]\tYusuf, A. (2015, Sept. 8). The North protest in Plateau, Abuja over killings. The Nation. p.29\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dyege Clement Akpenpuun, Agbe, J. I. (PhD), Idoko Alphonsius A. (PhD),  &#8220;Influence of Security Challenges on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.754-761 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/754-761.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/754-761.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-security-challenges-on-the-management-of-public-universities-in-north-central-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Security Challenges on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ce3a5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2ce3a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-id=\"c2cef2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf03b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cf03b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf0db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cf0db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf222\" data-id=\"c2cf222\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf333 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cf333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf3d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cf3d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf537\" data-id=\"c2cf537\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cf648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cf6e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cf6e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cfa60\" data-id=\"c2cfa60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cfbcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2cfbcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Marketing Mix Strategy for a Coffee Brand: Evidence from Mojokerto City, Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sheila Kartikasari, Sri Tjondro Winarno, Dan Eko Nurhadi      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 762-767<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cfc84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cfc84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2cfe1b\" data-id=\"c2cfe1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2cff4e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2cff4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper attempts to show the marketing mix strategy of coffee at Cafe Budaya Kopi and Loodst Coffe, Mojokerto City. The data used in this study used a questionnaire. The sampling method used convenience sampling. The number of samples collected was 100 samples. The data analysis technique used by the researcher was descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. To analyze the data, we use Partial Least Square (PLS). SEM-PLS analysis using the outer model and inner model. The results of the study prove that Loodst Coffee and Cafe Budaya Kopi in marketing their products apply the 7P marketing mix strategy to compete in the market with other similar products. The variables of the marketing mix of product, price, place, promotion, process, people, and physical evidence get respondents&#8217; ratings in the good category. The 7P marketing mix variables partially product, price, place, promotion, process, people and physical evidence have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction at Loodst Coffee and Coffee Culture. \r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 762-767\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6147<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sheila Kartikasari<\/strong>\r\nAgribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jawa Timur, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sri Tjondro Winarno<\/strong>\r\nAgribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jawa Timur, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dan Eko Nurhadii<\/strong>\r\nAgribusiness Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jawa Timur, Indonesia\r\n                                                                                 \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAEKI. (2020). Aeki Aice Coffee. http:\/\/www.aeki-ice.org\/industri_kopi_aeki.html\r\n[2]\tAlag\u00f6z, S. B., &#038; Ekici, N. (2014). Experiential Marketing and Vacation Experience: The Sample of Turkish Airlines*. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 500\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.09.065\r\n[3]\tDhuhita, I. P. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Marketing MIX Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Yoghurt Menggunakan Metode Partial Least Square (PLS) Di PT. Kusumasatria Agrobio Taniperkasa Batu. Universitas Brawijaya.\r\n[4]\tErdil, T. S., &#038; \u00d6zdemir, O. (2016). The Determinants of Relationship between Marketing Mix Strategy and Drivers of Export Performance in Foreign Markets: An Application on Turkish Clothing Industry. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235(October), 546\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.11.067\r\n[5]\tGarson, G. D. (2012). Partial least squares. In Regression and Path Modeling. Statistical Associates Publishing.\r\n[6]\tGhozali, I., &#038; Latan, H. (2012). Partial Least Square Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.\r\n[7]\tGinting, P., &#038; Sembiring, B. K. F. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Jasa Terhadap Kepuasan dengan Keputusan Memilih Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Indonesia (STIMI) Meulaboh).\r\n[8]\tHair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., &#038; Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.\r\n[9]\tJogiyanto, H. (2014). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Edisi Ke-6. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.\r\n[10]\tKotler, P., &#038; Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing Management: Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller. Pearson.\r\n[11]\tKusumasasti, I., Andarwati, A., &#038; Hadiwidjojo, D. (2017). Pengaruh kualitas produk dan layanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan coffee shop. Ekonomi Bisnis, 22(2), 123\u2013129.\r\n[12]\tLind, D. A., William, G. M., &#038; Samuel, A. W. (2008). Teknik-Teknik Statiska dalam Bisnis dan Ekonomi Menggunakan Kelompok Data Global. Salemba Empat.\r\n[13]\tMeliani, K. S. (2020). PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN WISATAWAN YANG MENGINAP DI SIESTA LEGIAN HOTEL (Studi Pada Wisatawan yang Menginap di Siesta Legian Hotel). Journal Research of Management (JARMA), 1(2), 83\u201394.\r\n[14]\tMichelle, M. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Dan Fasilitas Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Cafe Zybrick Coffee &#038; Cantina. Agora, 7(1).\r\n[15]\tMuzakki, A. N. (2019). Pengaruh marketing mix terhadap customer loyalty dimediasi oleh customer satisfaction: Studi kasus pada pelanggan Amstirdam Coffee Malang. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.\r\n[16]\tOresa Sativa, D. (2019). Analisis Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Layanan, Dan Store Atmosphere Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Coffee Shop Di Surakarta. Universitas Muhammadiyah surakarta.\r\n[17]\tSurya, A. P. (2019). Customer Loyalty from Perspective Of Marketing Mix Strategy and Customer Satisfaction a Study from Grab-Online Transportation in Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 9(3), 293232.\r\n[18]\tVazifehdust, H., &#038; Farokhian, S. (2013). Factors influencing customer satisfaction with the success factors identified in the insurance industry. African Journal of Business Management, 7(21), 2026\u20132032.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sheila Kartikasari, Sri Tjondro Winarno, Dan Eko Nurhadi     &#8220;Marketing Mix Strategy for a Coffee Brand: Evidence from Mojokerto City, Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.762-767 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6147<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/762-767.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/marketing-mix-strategy-for-a-coffee-brand-evidence-from-mojokerto-city-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Marketing Mix Strategy for a Coffee Brand: Evidence from Mojokerto City, Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d0d79 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2d0d79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d0e52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d0e52\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d0fd9\" data-id=\"c2d0fd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d1100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d11af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d11af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1300\" data-id=\"c2d1300\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d141c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d141c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d14bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d14bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1617\" data-id=\"c2d1617\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d1738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d17d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d17d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1944\" data-id=\"c2d1944\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d1a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1b31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d1b31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1c7c\" data-id=\"c2d1c7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d1d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1e26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d1e26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d1f76\" data-id=\"c2d1f76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d207f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d207f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d211e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d211e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d2285\" data-id=\"c2d2285\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d24d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d24d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Worship of the Biblical God in the Contemporary Times by the Indigenous Turkana Converts to Roman Catholic Christianity, in North-Western Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Naila G. Napoo &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 768-774<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d259c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d259c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d2743\" data-id=\"c2d2743\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d2878 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2d2878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study examined the authentic God that the Indigenous Turkana converts to Roman Catholic Christianity (RCC) worship in the contemporary time. Christianity is one of the Religions of the Book. This is the Bible that is constituted by the Old Testament (OT) and New Testament (NT) sacred texts. The background of this worship has its roots in the adoration of Turkana indigenous God, Akuj, and Yahweh of OT that has been shifted by RCC to the worship of Jesus in the Trinity, in the NT. Hebrew Religion (of OT) has tremendous and profound influence on RCC (of NT) which the Turkana converts to it worship its God, Yahweh. This belief has been brought to reality by the arrival and expansion of European Roman Catholic Christian missionaries in Turkanaland early 1960s and after Kenya gained independence in 1963. Gradually, over time, Catholic beliefs and values exerted an incessant influence and impact and they are diffused and infiltrated into Turkana indigenous beliefs, practices, values and culture. This study draws upon the worship of the \u201cnew\u201d inculturated biblical God by the converted indigenous nomadic Turkana persons to \u201cnew\u201d religion, RCC.\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 768-774\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Naila G. Napoo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.o. Box 210\r\n40610 BONDO, Kenya\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tArmstrong, K., A History of God: From Abraham to the Present: the 4000-year Quest for God. London: Vintage, 1999.\r\n[2]\tBahemuka, J. M., Our Religious Heritage. Walton-on-Thames: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, 1982.\r\n[3]\tBaur, J., The Catholic Church in Kenya: A Centenary History. Nairobi: St. Paul Communications\/Daughters of St Paul, 1990.________, 2000 Years of Christianity in Africa: An African History 62-1992. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa, 1994.\r\n[4]\tDiocese of Lodwar, 2014-2018 Pastoral Plan. Limuru: Franciscan Kolbe Press, 2013.\r\n[5]\tEsposito, J., et.al. World Religions Today. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 22006.\r\n[6]\tFigl, J., (Hg.), Handbuch Religionswissenschaft. Religionen und ihre zentralen Themen. Innsbruk: Tyrolia-Verlag, 2003.\r\n[7]\tFretheim, T., The Suffering of God. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984.\r\n[8]\tKenya Catholic Secretariat, Kenya Catholic Directory 2000. Nairobi: KCD Datacentre, 2000.\r\n[9]\tLibreria Editrice Vaticana, The Catechism of the Catholic Church. Nairobi: Paulines Publications-Africa, 1994.\r\n[10]\tMbiti, J. S., African Religions &#038; Philosophy. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers Ltd, 2015 (Reformatted Edition).\r\n[11]\tOesterley, W. O: E, and Robinson, T. H, Hebrew Religion: Its Origin and Development. London: S.P.C.K, 21955.\r\n[12]\tPavitt, N., Turkana: Kenya\u2019s Nomads of the Jade Sea. London: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1997.\r\n[13]\tSchneider, T., (Hg.), Handbuch der Dogmatik. Bd. 1. D\u00fcsseldorf: Patmos Verlag, 1992\r\n[14]\tSigmund Freud, The Future of an Illusion. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.\r\n[15]\tSundermeier, T., The Individual and Community in African Traditional Religions. Bd. 6. Hamburg: Lit Verlag, 1998.\r\n[16]\tTablino, P., The Gabra: Camel Nomads of Northern Kenya. Nairobi: St Paul Communications\/Daughters of St Paul, 1999.\r\n[17]\tTrigg, R., Religious Diversity: Philosophical and Political Dimensions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.\r\n[18]\tTurkana Missal. Kisubi: Marianum Press, 1986. Translated from English to Turkana language by Fr. Gerry Occarrol, a Keltigan \u2013 St. Patrick\u2019s Missionary Society, based in Ireland.\r\n[19]\tVictorinus, M., The Church Fathers: Theological Treatises on the Trinity. Vol. 69. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1981. \r\n[20]\tWansbrough, H., (Ed.), The New Jerusalem Bible. London: Darton, Longman &#038; Todd Ltd, 1985.\r\n[21]\tZulehner, P., Pastoraltheologie Band 2. Gemeindepastoral. D\u00fcsseldorf: Patmos, 1989.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Naila G. Napoo ,  &#8220;The Worship of the Biblical God in the Contemporary Times by the Indigenous Turkana Converts to Roman Catholic Christianity, in North-Western Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.768-774 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/768-774.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/768-774.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-worship-of-the-biblical-god-in-the-contemporary-times-by-the-indigenous-turkana-converts-to-roman-catholic-christianity-in-north-western-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Worship of the Biblical God in the Contemporary Times by the Indigenous Turkana Converts to Roman Catholic Christianity, in North-Western Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d3691 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2d3691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d375f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d375f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d38ee\" data-id=\"c2d38ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4227\" data-id=\"c2d4227\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d432e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d432e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d43cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d43cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4516\" data-id=\"c2d4516\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d4621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d46bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d46bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d47fb\" data-id=\"c2d47fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4905 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d4905\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d499f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d499f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4b19\" data-id=\"c2d4b19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4c29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d4c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Instructors\u2019 Techno-pedagogical Predisposition and Quality Higher Education in Cameroon<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Apongnde Pasker (Ph.D.)- January 2022- Page No.: 775-781<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4ccd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d4ccd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d5077\" data-id=\"c2d5077\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d5211 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2d5211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study seeks to illustrate the influence that instructors\u2019 techno-pedagogical predisposition exerts on the ongoing quest for quality higher education in Cameroon. It stems from the premise that despite the efforts deployed for modern technologies to be adequately integrated, and effectively used in the pedagogical process within the higher education arena, the teaching staff is not yet aligning in great numbers with this new dawn. The question that is on every lip is, why instructors\u2019 apathy on the adoption of technological innovations in the pedagogical process? The blame from literature review is largely laid on access to technological devices, and users\u2019 technological skills. This study is a correlational survey involving the random sampling technique, based on Krejcie, and Morgan\u2019s (1970) model for the selection of 213 instructors from five higher educational institutions in Cameroon. Data were collected via questionnaire administration, and analysis \/ interpretations were done with the help of SPSS according to Spearman\u2019s Correlation Index. Findings show that instructors\u2019 access to techno-pedagogical devices does not significantly affect the quality of higher education whereas their training and initiatives in techno-pedagogy have a significant influence on the quality of higher education in Cameroon. This is illustrated in the overall P-value of \u02c20.05 obtained; hence, the need for remedial measures to be taken.  \r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 775-781\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Apongnde Pasker (Ph.D.)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Education, University of Yaounde I (Cameroon)\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tApongnde, P. (2019a). Challenges in the Effective Use of ICTs in Information Systems Management in Cameroon State Universities. Ph.D. Thesis in Educational Management: University of Yaounde I.\r\n[2]\tApongnde, P. (2019b). Techno-pedagogy and Graduates\u2019 Employability in Cameroon State Universities. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), Volume III, Issue X, October 2019\/ISSN 2454-6186, Pages 536-542.\r\n[3]\tCameroon. (1995). National Forum on Education (22-27 May 1995): Final Report. Yaounde: Ministry of National Education.\r\n[4]\tCameroon. (2006). Document de strat\u00e9gie sectorielle de l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Yaound\u00e9: MINEFOP, MINEDUB, MINESEC, MINESUP.\r\n[5]\tDjeumeni Tchamamb\u00e9, T. M. (2010). Les TICE au Cameroun entre politiques publiques et dispositifs techno-p\u00e9dagogiques, comp\u00e9tences des enseignants et comp\u00e9tences des apprenants, pratiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et pratiques priv\u00e9e. Th\u00e8se de Doctorat en Sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation: Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes.\r\n[6]\tKarsenti, T., Collin, S., &#038; Harpes-Merett, T. (2012). Int\u00e9gration p\u00e9dagogique des TIC: succ\u00e8s et d\u00e9fis de 100+ \u00e9cole africaines (3\u00e8me \u00e9d.). Ottawa: IDRC.\r\n[7]\tKrejcie, R.V., &#038; Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational, and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.\r\n[8]\tMbangwana, M.A., &#038; Membeh, C.T. (2006). Instructional Use of ICT in Cameroon State Universities. In: Fonkoua, P. (Ed.), Int\u00e9gration des Tic dans le processus enseignement-apprentissage au Cameroun. Yaound\u00e9: \u00e9ditions terroirs, collection Rocare-Cameroun, pp. 145 &#8211; 168.\r\n[9]\tNdenge, K. (2013). Analyzing Cameroon Government\u2019s ICT Policy Documents and Trainee Teachers\u2019 Perception of ICT in education policy implementation using Critical Discourse Analysis. M.Ed (ICTs in Education): University of Cape Town.\r\n[10]\tDjeumeni Tchamamb\u00e9, T. M. (2010). Les TICE au Cameroun entre politiques publiques et dispositifs techno-p\u00e9dagogiques, comp\u00e9tences des enseignants et comp\u00e9tences des apprenants, pratiques \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole et pratiques priv\u00e9e. Th\u00e8se de Doctorat en Sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation: Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes.\r\n[11]\tOnyema, E.M., &#038; Deborah, E. C. (2019). Potentials of Mobile Technologies in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Inquiry-based Learning. International Journal of Education (IJE), 2(1), 1-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/IJE.2019.1421. \r\n[12]\tParri, J. (2006). Quality in Higher Education. Management. Vol. 2 No. 11, pp. 107-11.\r\n[13]\tRaynal, F., &#038; Rieunier, A. (1997). P\u00e9dagogie: dictionnaire des concepts cl\u00e9s. Paris: ESF.\r\n[14]\tRIA, (2012). RIA Household and Small Business Access and Usage Survey 2011-2012. zaf-ria-rhsbaus-2011-2012-v1.\r\n[15]\tSefer, A., Nurdan, Z.B., &#038; Senem, S.\u015e.E. (2017). An Evaluation of Service Quality in higher education: Marmara and Ni\u011fde Omer Halisdemir Universities\u2019 Department of Education Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research 5(11): 2056-2065. DOI: 10.13189\/ujer.2017.051122.\r\n[16]\tUIS (UNESCO Institute for Statistics). (2020). Education and literacy &#8211; Cameroon [online resource]. Montreal: UIS. Retrieved 16 October 2020 from http:\/\/uis.unesco.org\/en\/country\/cm?theme=education-and-literacy.\r\n[17]\tUNESCO. (2000). The Dakar Framework for Action, Education for all: Meeting our collective commitments (adopted by the World Education Forum). Dakar: Graphoprint.\r\n[18]\tUNESCO. (2008). ICT Competency Standards for Teachers. Paris: Place de Fontenoy.\r\n[19]\tUNESCO. (2011). TIC UNESCO: Un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel de comp\u00e9tences pour les enseignants. Paris: Place de Fontenoy.\r\n[20]\tUNESCO.  (2015). Leveraging Information and Communication Technologies to Achieve the Post-2015 Education Goals. Report of the International Conference on ICT and Post-2015 Education. Paris: Place de Fontenoy.\r\n[21]\tUNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response. https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/covid19\/educationresponse. Retrieved Dec., 2020.\r\n[22]\tYu, A. Y., Tian, Vogel, &#038; Kwok. (2010). Can Learning be Virtually Boosted? An Investigation of Online Social Networking Impacts. Computers &#038; Education, 55, 1494-1503.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Apongnde Pasker (Ph.D.),  &#8220;Instructors\u2019 Techno-pedagogical Predisposition and Quality Higher Education in Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.775-781 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/775-781.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/775-781.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/instructors-techno-pedagogical-predisposition-and-quality-higher-education-in-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Instructors\u2019 Techno-pedagogical Predisposition and Quality Higher Education in Cameroon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6050 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2d6050\" 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d65ec\" data-id=\"c2d65ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d6739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d67f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d67f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6a1b\" data-id=\"c2d6a1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6ba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d6ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6c57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d6c57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6dbb\" data-id=\"c2d6dbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d6eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d6f6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d6f6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d70b6\" data-id=\"c2d70b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d71c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d71c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d725d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d725d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d73aa\" data-id=\"c2d73aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d74ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d74ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d7550 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d7550\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d76b8\" data-id=\"c2d76b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d77cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d77cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Use of Technology in Newsgathering<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ben Odeba, Ruth Barnabas &#038; Misal Bello Daburi   &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 782-790<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d786c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d786c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d79dd\" data-id=\"c2d79dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d7b02 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2d7b02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Aerial Newsgathering or Drone Journalism is the use of drones for newsgathering and reporting with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) in covering conflict, civil unrest and disaster. Anchored on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, this paper, \u201cThe Use of Technology in Newsgathering\u201d analytically reviewed the concept of aerial newsgathering or drone journalism, otherwise called UAVs.  The review shows that \u2018drone\u2019 which was originally created for military operations has now been adopted for civilian use such as journalism especially in potentially hostile environments in order to minimizeor prevent loss of human journalists on the line of duty and other dangers of using human journalists in dangeroussettings.  The reviewfurther indicates that \u2018Drone Journalism\u2019 is one of the recent technologies adopted in journalism practicewhich helps to reduce or minimize the killing of human journalists who areexposed to dangers in their line of duty especially during wars and other potentially risky incidences of man-made and natural disasters such as floods, wild fires, storms, earthquakes, and civil unrest. The review also shows that while \u2018drone technology\u2019 is an amazing innovation in both militaryand media organizations, journalism practitioners should be mindful of operational guidelines such as ethics, sovereignty issues, privacy and safety\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 782-790\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6148<\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ben Odeba  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDirectorate of Academic Planning, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ruth Barnabas  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nOffice of the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria \r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Misal Bello Daburi  <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDirectorate of Public Affairs, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1]\tCorcoran, M.  (2014). Drone Journalism:  Newsgathering Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Covering Conflict, Civil Unrest and Disaster.\r\n[2]\tFAA (2010), FAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal Year 2010-2030.  Washington DC, Viewed September 5, 2021,http:\/\/www.faa.gov.data research\/aviation\/aerospace forecasts\/2010-2030\/media\/2010%20forecast%20Doc.pdf\r\n[3]\tRogers E. (1962).  Diffusion of Innovations.  Free Press, London, NY, USA\r\n[4]\tNoel, H. (2009). Consumer Behaviour. Lausanne, Switzerland La Vergne, TN: AVA Academia Distributed in the USA by Ingram Publisher Services. ISBN 9782940439249. \r\n[5]\tStone, D. (2004). &#8220;Transfer agents and global networks in the &#8216;transnationalization&#8217; of policy&#8221; (PDF). Journal of European Public Policy (Submitted manuscript). 11 (3): 545\u2013566. doi:10.1080\/13501760410001694291. S2CID 153837868.\r\n[6]\tHe X K, Bonds J, Herbst A, Langenakens J. Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia. Int J Agric &#038; Biol Eng, 2017; 10(3): 18\u201330.\r\n[7]\thttps:\/\/defense.info\/partners-corner\/2020\/01\/south-african-uses-of-drones 28\/01\/2020 \u2022 South African Uses of Drones 01\/28\/2020 By defence Web Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have applications in multiple industries due to their ability\r\n[8]\tAhmed, A.(2021).  Zayed University, United Arab Emirates. Conference: MediAsia 2021 Stream: Digital Media and Use of New Technology in Newsgathering.\r\n[9]\tLauk, E., Uskali, T., Kuutti, H. &#038;Hervinen, H. (2016).  Drone Journalism:  The Newest Global Test of Press Freedom.  In:  Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition:  Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age.  Ed. By Ulla Carisson.  Gothenburg:  NORDICOM, 117-125.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ben Odeba, Ruth Barnabas &#038; Misal Bello Daburi ,  &#8220;The Use of Technology in Newsgathering&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.782-790 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6148<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/782-790.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-use-of-technology-in-newsgathering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Use of Technology in Newsgathering<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d89f5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2d89f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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data-id=\"c2d8c91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d8dc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d8dc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d8e77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d8e77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9273\" data-id=\"c2d9273\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9412 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d9412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d94df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d94df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9678\" data-id=\"c2d9678\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d979c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d979c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d986c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d986c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d99c5\" data-id=\"c2d99c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9ae6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d9ae6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9b89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d9b89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9cf5\" data-id=\"c2d9cf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9e20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2d9e20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d9ee9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d9ee9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2da068\" data-id=\"c2da068\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2da193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2da193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2da243 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2da243\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2da3ca\" data-id=\"c2da3ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2da509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2da509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Mobile Learning Framework<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Yahaya Garba Shawai, Mohamed Afendee Mohamed, Mohammed Amin Almaiah, Fatima Gambo Abdullahi      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 791-799<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2da5bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2da5bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2da74f\" data-id=\"c2da74f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2da8e9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2da8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper presents the effectiveness of using the GUMSA framework in developing a Malay language mobile learning system (M-Lang) using Near Field Communication (NFC) technology as an additional tool to traditional Malay language learning. A quantitative analysis was carried out to test its effectiveness with stratified random sampling as the method. Experts with research interests in e-learning and mobile learning at both Sultan Zainal Abidin University and University Malaysia Terengganu are considered the target populations. In both universities, seven respondents were considered the sample size. An evaluation form was used as the research instrument, and IBM SPSS version 22 as the tool for data analysis. The analysis yielded a positive result: 7 respondents believed that the added feature to the lifelong mobile learning framework was relevant to the development of the M-Lang system. 6 Respondents believe that all the connections and flows of the elements are logical and that the framework may be usable and practicable for the development of mobile learning systems.\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 791-799\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yahaya Garba Shawai<\/strong>\r\nNational Open University of Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohamed Afendee Mohamed<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of informatics, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Amin Almaiah<\/strong>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University (KFU), Saudi Arabia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatima Gambo Abdullahi<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Education,  Aminu College of Legal Studies, Kano. Nigeria\r\n\r\n\r\n                                                                                 \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAhmed Al-Hunaiyyan, Rana .A. Alhajri, Salah Al-Sharhan (2018). &#8220;Perceptions and challenges of mobile learning in Kuwait.&#8221; Journal of King Saud University \u2013Computer and Information Sciences Vol-30: Pg(279-289).\r\n[2]\tAlisa Mueangpud, Jintavee Kalaisang, Prakob Koraneeky (2019) &#8220;Mobile Learning Application Design to Improve Young Financial Management Competency in Thailand.&#8221; International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies. Vol-13(2): Pg(19-38)\r\n[3]\tDavid Persons, Honyoung Ryu, Ramesh Lai, Stephen Ford (2007). &#8220;Design Requirement Framework for Mobile Learning Environmment.&#8221; Journal of  Computers Vol-2(4): Pg(1-8).\r\n[4]\tDavid Tawei Ku, Wan-Yu Chen, Yummy Ito, Wen-Chich Chang (2012). &#8220;Design Development of Mobile English Learning Support System by Integrating RFID Technology for 4 Grade Students.&#8221; International Journal of Convergence Information Technologies Vol-7(7): Pg(242-252).\r\n[5]\tDemetrios G Sampson, Panagiotis Zervas (2012). &#8220;Open Access to Mobile Assisted Language Learninng Supported by the Mobile2learn Framework &#8221; 12th Interanational Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies: Pg(441-445).\r\n[6]\tEdgar Marcal, Rossana Maria de Castro Andrade, Windson Viana (2017). &#8220;Development and Evaluation of a Model-Driven System to Support Mobile Learning in Field Trips.&#8221; Journal of  Universal Computer Science Vol-23(12): Pg(1147-1171).\r\n[7]\tEleonora Milic, Dragon Stojanovic. (2017). &#8220;EgoSENSE: A Framework for Context-Aware Mobile Applications Development.&#8221; International Journal of Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research. Vol-7(4). : Pg(1791-1796).\r\n[8]\tHosham .F. El-Sofany, Nahla El-Haggar (2020). &#8220;The effectiveness of Using Mobile Learning Technologies to Improve Learning Outcome in Higher Education&#8221;.International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies. Vol-14(8): Pg(4-18) \r\n[9]\tHuanglingzi Liu, Ronghuai Huang, Jyri Salomaa, Ding Ma (2008). &#8220;An Activity-Oriented framework for mobile learning experience.&#8221; International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education Pg(185-187).\r\n[10]\tJanosch Zbick, Isabella Nake, Marcello Milrad, Marc Jansen (2015). &#8220;A Web-Based Framework to Design and Deploy Mobile Learnigng Activities: Evaluating its Usability, Learnability and Acceptance.&#8221; 15th International Conference on Advance Learning Technologies: Pg(88-92).\r\n[11]\tJennifer L Reeves, Glenda .A. Gunter, Candace Lacey (2017). &#8220;Mobile Learning in Pre-Kindergarteen: Using Student Feedback to Inform Practice.&#8221; Journal of Education Technology and Society Vol-20(1): Pg(37-44).\r\n[12]\tKhaled Walid Al-Sabbagh, Linda Bradley, Lorna Bartram (2019). &#8220;Mobile language learning applications for Arabic speaking migrants \u2013 a usability perspective.&#8221; Journal of Language Learning in Higher Education Vol-9(1): Pg(71-95).\r\n[13]\tBlanka Klimova (2019). &#8220;Impact of Mobile Learning on Students Achievement Result&#8221; Journal of Education Sciences. Vol-9(90): Pg(1-8)\r\n[14]\tKrejcie RV, Morgan DW(1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities Educational and Phychological Measurement. Pg(607-610).\r\n[15]\tM. Rehman, M. Anjum, F.Askari, M.A Kamran, V.Esichaikul. (2016). &#8220;Mobile Learning Adoption Framework: An Empirical Investigation From Learners Perspective.&#8221; International Journal of Quality and Technology Management Vol-12(1) Pg(1-43).\r\n[16]\tMalhora N K(1996). &#8220;Marketing Research: Application Oriented&#8221;. 2nd Edition Prentice Hall International. Inc. USA \r\n[17]\tMathew Kearney, Damian Maher (2019). &#8220;Mobile Learning in Pre-Services Teachers Education: Examining the use of Professional Learnng Networks. &#8221; Australian Journal of Education Technology. Vol-35(1): Pg(135-148)\r\n[18]\tMathias Kuhnel, Luisa Seller, Andrea Honal, Dirk Ifenthaler. (2018). &#8220;Mobile Learning Analytics in Higher Education: Usability Testing and evaluation of an App Prototype.&#8221; Journal of Interactive Technology and Smart Education Vol-15(4). Pg(332-347). .\r\n[19]\tMichail Kalongiannakis, Stamatios Papadakis. (2019). &#8220;Evaluations Pre-Service Kindergarteen Teachers Intention to adopt and Use Tablets into Teaching Practice for Natural Science.&#8221; International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organization Vol-13(1): Pg(113-127).\r\n[20]\tMohd Shoaib Ansari, Aditya. Tripathi. (2017). &#8220;An Investigation of effectiveness of Mobile Learning Apps In Higher  Education in India.&#8221; International Journal of Information Studies and Libraries. Vol-2(1): Pg(33-41).\r\n[21]\tNadia Parsazadeh, Rosmah Ali, Mehran Razaei (2018). &#8220;A Framework for Co-operative and Interactive Mobile Learning to Improve Online Information Evaluation Skills.&#8221; International Journal of Computers and Education Vol-120: Pg(75-89).\r\n[22]\tNorazah Nordin, M. A. E., Melor Md.Yunus (2010). &#8220;Mobile learning framework for lifelong learning.&#8221; International Conference on Learners Diversity: Vol-7: Pg(130-138).\r\n[23]\tR.F, B. A. C. a. B. (2010). &#8220;Marketing Research: Online Research Application. .&#8221; 6th Edition Prentice Hall.\r\n[24]\tSeung Hoo Lee, Doo Heon Song . (2019). &#8220;Functional Usability Analysis of Top Korean Mobile Role Playing Game Based on User Interface Design.&#8221; Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Vol-13(1): Pg(123-128).\r\n[25]\tUmesh Kumar Singh, N. G., Chanchala Joshi (2016). &#8220;A Framework for Digital Forensic Investigation using Authentication Technique to Maintain Evidence Integrity.&#8221; International Journal of Computer Applications Vol -154: Pg(1-3).\r\n[26]\tYahaya Garba Shawai, Mohammad Amin Almaiah. (2018). &#8220;Malay Language Mobile Learning System using NFC Technology.&#8221; International Journal of Education and Management Engineering Vol-2: Pg(1-7).\r\n[27]\tYahaya Garba Shawai, Noor Maizura Mohamad Noor, Mustafa Mamat, Zabidin Saleh. (2015). &#8220;GUMSA Framework for the Development of Mobile Learning System of a Malay Language using Near Field Communication.&#8221; International Journal Contemporary Science Vol -8: Pg (623-640).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yahaya Garba Shawai, Mohamed Afendee Mohamed, Mohammed Amin Almaiah, Fatima Gambo Abdullahi     &#8220;Evaluation of Mobile Learning Framework&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.791-799 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/791-799.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/791-799.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-mobile-learning-framework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of Mobile Learning Framework<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2db898 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-element-c2dc182 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dc182\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc2d6\" data-id=\"c2dc2d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc3fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dc3fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc4a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dc4a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc5fc\" data-id=\"c2dc5fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc71a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dc71a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc7bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dc7bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dc91c\" data-id=\"c2dc91c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dca30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dca30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcad8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dcad8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcc25\" data-id=\"c2dcc25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcd2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dcd2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcdcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dcdcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dcf4e\" data-id=\"c2dcf4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dd06b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2dd06b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Literature Review of Usage of Database Management Systems helps in Agriculture fields<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>D. S. R. Costa, G.W.S.S. Wickramarathne, D.M.J. Wickramasinghe      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 800-802<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2dd111 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2dd111\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2dd288\" data-id=\"c2dd288\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dd3c3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2dd3c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This includes a review of the uses and applications of Database Management Systems in the Agriculture field. Agriculture produces more products by cultivating certain plants and raising domestic animals. Furthermore, this includes the Design of the Agricultural Database, Functions of Farm Level DBMS to Farmers. The middle part discusses the information of Database in Livestock, Uses of Livestock database management systems, Database in Cropping, Crop &#8211; Soil Database Management, Uses of Crop &#8211; Soil Database, Objectives of Crop \u2013 Soil Database, Uses of databases for remote detection of crops, DBMS for Watering Function in Agriculture, and finally Overall Usage and importance of Databases Management Systems.\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 800-802\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 February 2022<\/p>\r\n\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6149<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. S. R. Costa<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Management Studies, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G.W.S.S. Wickramarathne<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Management Studies, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.M.J. Wickramasinghe<\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Information Systems, Faculty of Management Studies, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                                                                                 \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1].\tSarmah, K., Deka, C. R., Sharma, U., &#038;Sarma, R. (2018). Role of GIS-based technologies in sustainable agriculture resource planning &#038; management using spatial decision support approach. Int J Innov Res EngManag, 5(1), 30-34.\r\n[2].\tCelikyurek, H., Karakus, K., Aygun, T., &#038; Tas, A. (2019). Database Usage and Its Importance in Livestock. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 9, 117-121.\r\n[3].\tChatterjee, A. (2017). (R15A0509) DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. Kompally: Malla Reddy College of Engineering &#038; Technology.\r\n[4].\tDerclaye, E., &#038;Husovec, M. (2021). Sui Generis Database Protection 2.0: Judicial and Legislative Reforms. Available at SSRN 3964943.\r\n[5].\tEva Grafahrend-Belau, S. W. (2007, October 11). MetaCrop: a detailed database of crops. Nucleic Acids ResearchMetaCrop, 36. DOI:doi:10.1093\/nar\/gkm835\r\n[6].\tHarris, D., &#038; Fuller, D. (2014, January). Agriculture: Definition and Overview. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 104-113. doi:10.1007\/978-1-4419-0465-2_64\r\n[7].\tHindawi. (2018). Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture. Journal of Sensors, 18. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2018\/8672769\/\r\n[8].\tHueni, A., Su\u00e1rez, L., Chisholm, L., Held, &#038; Alex. (2018, December). The Use of Spectral Databases for Remote Sensing of Agricultural Crops. In book.\r\n[9].\tPunchihewa, D. J., &#038;Wimalaratne, P. (2010). Towards an ICT-enabled farming Community. E-Governance in Practice, India, 201-207.\r\n[10].\tSharma, A., Karamchandani, A., Dave, D., Patel, A., &#038;Doshi, N. (2022). Database Management Systems\u2014An Efficient, Effective, and Augmented Approach for Organizations. In ICT with Intelligent Applications (pp. 465-478). Springer, Singapore.\r\n[11].\tManibhushan, Upadhyaya, A., &#038; Kumar Singh, A. (2014). Database Management System for Design and Layout. Journal of AgriSearch, 112-116.\r\n[12].\tNur Marahaini Mohd Nizar, E. J. (2010, October). Open Data to Support Agricultural Diversification. Data in Brief. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/data-in-brief\r\n[13].\tRamya, R. P. (2019). Design and Development of Crop Database Website to help Farmers. TARGET, 7.\r\n[14].\tSaiz-Rubio, V., &#038;Rovira-M\u00e1s, F. (2020). From smart farming towards agriculture 5.0: A review on crop data management. Agronomy, 10(2), 207. \r\n[15].\tSingh, D. A. (2019, DECEMBER 12). Crop- Soil Data Management System Of Cropping. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC &#038; TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 8.\r\n[16].\tVoulodimos, A. a. (2010, 03). A complete farm management system based on animal identification. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 70, 380-388.\r\n[17].\tWorld Bank. (2007). World development report 2008: Agriculture for development. The World Bank.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. S. R. Costa, G.W.S.S. Wickramarathne, D.M.J. Wickramasinghe     &#8220;Literature Review of Usage of Database Management Systems helps in Agriculture fields&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.800-802 January 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6149<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/800-802.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/literature-review-of-usage-of-database-management-systems-helps-in-agriculture-fields\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Literature Review of Usage of Database Management Systems helps in Agriculture fields<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2de1db elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2de1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e028b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e028b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e03da\" data-id=\"c2e03da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e04ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e04ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0593 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e0593\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e06e4\" data-id=\"c2e06e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e07f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e07f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e088e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e088e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e09dc\" data-id=\"c2e09dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0ae5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e0ae5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0b83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e0b83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0cfa\" data-id=\"c2e0cfa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0e1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e0e1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e0eb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e0eb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e1026\" data-id=\"c2e1026\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e113a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e113a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implementing inclusive education in Building Technology and Design in Zimbabwe Secondary Schools: Challenges and the Way Forward<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lawrence Hakireni Mukawu      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 803-810<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e11dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e11dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e1364\" data-id=\"c2e1364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e14b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2e14b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study sought to bring forward the challenges of implementing inclusive education in Building Technology and Design a learning area in the Technical Education component of the Zimbabwe secondary school curriculum. The study was motivated by the lack of tangible commitment to implement inclusive Technical Education in the country\u2019s high schools. Data was collected from 30 Building Technology and Design subject teachers from the seven districts of Masvingo Province. The descriptive research design guided this study from data collection to analysis. The results of the study show that Building Technology and Design teachers had limited knowledge of what inclusive education entails and lacked the necessary pedagogic skills to accommodate learners with disabilities in their classes. The teachers however appreciated the need for inclusion in Building Technology and Design as the learning area has the potential to empower all learners including those living with disabilities with survival economic skills. The study recommends in-service programs on inclusive education for practicing Technical Education secondary school teachers and the need to train inclusive oriented teachers at colleges and universities. It also recommends the provision of assistive devices for learners with disability to fully participate and benefit from technical learning areas such as Building Technology and Design.\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 803-810\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lawrence Hakireni Mukawu<\/strong>\r\nGreat Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                                                                                 \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]\tAfrican Union (2014). 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Orienting Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Sustainable Development. A Discussion Paper. Bonn, UNESCO. http:\/\/www.unevoc.unesco.org\/publications\/\r\n[38]\tUNICEF (2014). Legislation and Policies for Inclusive Education. Webinar 3- Companion Technical Booklet, New York. UNICEF.\r\n[39]\tUNESCO (1994). The Salamanca Statement and framework for Action on Special Needs Education. Available: http:\/\/unesco\/org\/images\/0017\/001778\/1777849e.pdf.\r\n[40]\tUnited Nations (ud). Toolkit on Disability for Africa: Inclusive Education. Available: un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/disability\/Toolkit\/Inclusive-Education-pdf.\r\n[41]\tUnited Nations (2007). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Available: http:\/\/www.org\/esa\/socdev\/enable\/rights\/convetexte.htm\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lawrence Hakireni Mukawu     &#8220;Implementing inclusive education in Building Technology and Design in Zimbabwe Secondary Schools: Challenges and the Way Forward&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.803-810 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/803-810.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-c2e2b06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e2b06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e2c56\" data-id=\"c2e2c56\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e2d7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e2d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e2e1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e2e1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e2f7c\" data-id=\"c2e2f7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3097 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e3097\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3136 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e3136\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3286\" data-id=\"c2e3286\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3398 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e3398\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3435 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e3435\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3581\" data-id=\"c2e3581\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e3686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3726 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e3726\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3877\" data-id=\"c2e3877\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e397d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e397d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3a16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e3a16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3b86\" data-id=\"c2e3b86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e3caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Grounded Theory in Educational Research, Features and Processes a Review of Literature<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>G N. Shava, Sandile Sibanda, Sindiso Moyo, Kudakwashe Bapire, Ethel Mathonsi      &#8211; January 2022- Page No.: 811-818<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3d4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e3d4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e3ed8\" data-id=\"c2e3ed8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e4021 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c2e4021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2041\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2041\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Grounded theory which is a systematic methodology of discovering theory from data in social science and educational research is considered a general methodology and a way of thinking about conceptualizing data. Using Grounded theory, meaning is negotiated and understood through interactions with others in a social process. This paper provides an overview of the features of grounded theory; process activities involved in using grounded theory are highlighted finally the weaknesses and strength of grounded theory are discussed. In this article we argue that using an appropriate research method for an inquiry is critical to successful educational research. Our study adopted a systematic literature review which examined the key characteristic of grounded theory as a technique for analysing qualitative data.\r\n   <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 811-818\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 February 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2042\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2042\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G N. Shava<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sandile Sibanda<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sindiso Moyo<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kudakwashe Bapire<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ethel Mathonsi<\/strong>\r\nNational University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                                                                                 \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2043\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2043\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1].\tBecker P. H (1993) Common pitfalls in published grounded theory research.  Qualitative Research 3 (2) 254 \u2013 260.\r\n[2].\tBerg, B. L. (2009) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, New York. Allan &#038; Bacon.\r\n[3].\tBruce, C., D. (2007) Questions arising about emergence, data collection, and its interaction with analysis in a grounded theory study.  International Journal of Qualitative Methods 6 (I).  Retrieved from, http! \/\/ejournals.library.ualberta.cafindex.php\/IJQM\/index.\r\n[4].\tBryant, A. (2002), Re-grounding grounded theory. Journal of Information Technology theory and Application) 4 (1), 25 \u2013 42.\r\n[5].\tCharmarz, K (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory, London Sage Publishers.\r\n[6].\tCharmaz, K. (2000), Grounded theory: Objectivist and Constructivist methods.  In N. K Denzin &#038; Y. S Lincoln, Handbook of Qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers.\r\n[7].\tCharmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: objectivist and Constructivist methods. In N.K. Denzin &#038; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 509 \u2013 536) London, Sage Publishers.\r\n[8].\tClarke, A. (2005). Situational Analysis: Grounded Theory after the Postmodern Torn: Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication\r\n[9].\tCorbin, J. &#038; Strauss, A (1990) Grounded theory research: Procedures canons, and evaluation criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(I) 3 \u2013 21\r\n[10].\tCreswell, J. W. (2004) Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research: N. J Prentice Hall Publishers, Upper Saddle River.\r\n[11].\tCronholm, S (2002), Grounded Theory in use \u2013 a Review of Experiences in Proceedings of European Conference on Research in Business, Reading. 20 \u2013 21 March, 2003.\r\n[12].\tGlaser, B (2003) The Grounded Theory Perspective II: Description\u2019s Remodelling of Grounded Theory. Mill Valley, CA: sociology press.\r\n[13].\tGlaser, B. (2001) The Grounded Theory Perspective I: Conceptualisation Constructed with Description, Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.\r\n[14].\tGlasser, B (1978) Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory, Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.\r\n[15].\tGlasser, B (1992) Basics of Grounded theory: Emergence US forcing.  Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.\r\n[16].\tGlasser, B, &#038; Strauss, A. (1967) The discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategic for qualitative research London, Weidenfeld &#038; Nicholson Publishers.\r\n[17].\tGlasser, B. G. AND Holton, J (2004) Remodelling Grounded Theory: Article 4. Forum: Qualitative social Research 5 (2): 1 \u2013 17.\r\n[18].\tGregory, R. W. (2010) Designing Science research and the grounded theory method:  Characteristics, differences, and Complementary uses.  Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2010). Pretoria South Africa.\r\n[19].\tGrounded Theory Institute (2013) what is grounded theory? Htt:\/\/www.groundedtheory.com\/ what-is-gt.aspx\r\n[20].\tGrounding, C. (2002). Grounded theory: A practical guide for Management, business and Market researchers.  London. UK. Sage Publishers.\r\n[21].\tHarry, B Struges, K. M., &#038; Klingner, J. K (2005). Mapping the process: An example of process and challenge in grounded theory, Educational Researcher, 34 (2), 3 \u2013 13.\r\n[22].\tJones, M. (2005) Lights \u2013Action\u2014Grounded Theory: Developing an Understanding for the management of film production: Rhyzome I (I)\r\n[23].\tKelle, U (2005) Emergence Vs Forcing of Empirical Data?  A crucial problem of Grounded Theory Reconsidered. Forum.  Qualitative social forshung\/ forum: Qualitative social Research Journal 6 (2) Art 27 (http:\/\/ www. Qualitative research.net \/ fqs-texte\/2-05\/05 -2-27-epdf.\r\n[24].\tKondracki, N.L., Wellman, N.S., &#038; Amundson, D.R. (2002) Content analysis: Review of methods and their applications in nutrition education journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour, 34 (4), 224 -230.\r\n[25].\tMills, J., Bonner, A., &#038; Francis, K. (2006). The development of constructivist grounded theory.  International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 5 (I) Retrieved from htt:\/\/ejournals.library.ualberta.ca\/index.php\/IJQM\/index.\r\n[26].\tPries \u2013Heje, J. (1992) Three barriers for continuing use of Computer \u2013 based tools in information system development: A Grounded theory approach, Scandinavian Journal of information systems, Vol 4.\r\n[27].\tSandelowski, M., Barrosso, J. (2003) Classifying the findings in qualitative studies.  Qualitative Health Research, 13c (7), 905 \u2013 923. \r\n[28].\tSeaman, J. (2008). Adopting a grounded theory approach to cultural \u2013historical research: conflicting methodologies or complementary methods?  International Journal of Qualitative methods, 7 (1), 1 \u2013 17 Retrieved from http:\/\/ejournals.library.aulberta.ca\/index.php\/IJQM\/index.\r\n[29].\tSuddaby, R. (2006) from the editors: What Grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal. ARCHIVE, 49 (4), 633 \u2013 642\r\n[30].\tTan, J (2010) Grounded theory in practice: issues and discussion for new qualitative researchers.  Journal of Documentation, 66 (1), 93 -112.\r\n[31].\tTesch, R (1990) Qualitative Research Analysis Types and Software. London: Palmer Press. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2044\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2044\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">G N. Shava, Sandile Sibanda, Sindiso Moyo, Kudakwashe Bapire, Ethel Mathonsi     &#8220;Grounded Theory in Educational Research, Features and Processes a Review of Literature&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-1, pp.811-818 January 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/811-818.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2045\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2045\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-1\/811-818.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2046\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2046\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/grounded-theory-in-educational-research-features-and-processes-a-review-of-literature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Grounded Theory in Educational Research, Features and Processes a Review of Literature<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5471 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2e5471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5549 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e5549\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e56d4\" data-id=\"c2e56d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e580d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e580d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e58b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e58b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5a08\" data-id=\"c2e5a08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e5b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5bc8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e5bc8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5d14\" data-id=\"c2e5d14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5e26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e5e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e5ec6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e5ec6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2e6017\" data-id=\"c2e6017\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2e6120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2e6120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2e61c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2e61c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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