{"id":5369,"date":"2022-07-25T07:36:40","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T07:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/?page_id=5369"},"modified":"2023-10-17T05:40:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T05:40:46","slug":"volume-vi-issue-vii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/digital-library\/volume-vi-issue-vii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VI Issue VII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5369\" class=\"elementor elementor-5369 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-229b562 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"229b562\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-229b8e9\" data-id=\"229b8e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229bacc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"229bacc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Sorghum Legume Intercroping System in Improving Soil Productivity on Small Holder Farmers in Western Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Josephine Barasa, Julius Ochuodho, Syphyline Kebeney, Augustine Wafula Barasa &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 01-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-229bdc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"229bdc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-229c058\" data-id=\"229c058\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229c258 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"229c258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3621\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3621\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3622\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3622\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3623\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3623\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3624\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3624\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3625\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3625\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3626\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3626\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3621\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3621\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3621\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Declining crops yield in the smallholder farmers cropping systems of sub-Saharan African (SSA) present the need to develop more sustainable production systems. Depletion of essential plant nutrients from the soils have been cited as the main contributing factors due to continues cultivation of cereal crops without application of organic\/ inorganic fertilizers. Field experiments to evaluate effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizers, organic and integration of legumes in sorghum cropping systems on soil, available nitrogen (N) and P, were conducted in Busia County of Kenya during the short (SRS) and long rain seasons (LRS) of 2016 and LRS of 2017 respectively. The experiments comprised either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame grown with sorghum. The design was a split plot in a randomized complete block design. Main plots were fertilizer inputs; Mavuno, FYM or their combination. Subplots comprised of the legume intercrops mentioned above. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination resulted in significantly higher legume, sesame crop yields above the control in the second season. Legume crops due to their N-fixation, litter fall and mineralization made availability of P and N. possible. Application of Mavuno, FYM or their combination gave comparable results with respect to the intercrop yields. Since FYM and (Mavuno+FYM) is cheaper than Mavuno, growing either soybean, common bean groundnut or sesame intercropping system with sorghum with application of the above is recommended for improved legume grain yields and soil fertility improvement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6701\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6701<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3622\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3622\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3622\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Josephine Barasa <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Boludola Gbemisola OWOLABI <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Syphyline Kebeney <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Augustine Wafula Barasa <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Eldoret, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3623\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3623\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3623\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Amos, R. 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Plant Soil 460, 89\u2013104 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11104-020-04768-x.\r\n[58] Vanlauwe, B., Kanampiu, F., Odhiambo, G. D., De Groote, H., Wadhams, L. J., &amp; Khan, Z. R. (2008). Integrated management of Striga hermonthica, stem borers, and declining soil fertility in western Kenya. Field Crops Research, 107(2), 102-115.\r\n[59] Vandermeer J. (1993). The ecology of Intercropping. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[60] Walkley, A.; Black, C.A. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and the proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934, 37, 29\u201338. [CrossRef]\r\n[61] Wang Y, Marschner P, Zhang F. (2012). Phosphorus pools and other soil properties in the rhizosphere of wheat and legumes growing in three soils in monoculture or as a mixture of wheat and legume. Plant Soil.;354: 283\u201398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar.\r\n[62] Wawire, A. W., Csorba, \u00c1., T\u00f3th, J. A., Mich\u00e9li, E., Szalai, M., Mutuma, E., &amp; Kov\u00e1cs, E. (2021). Soil fertility management among smallholder farmers in Mount Kenya East region. Heliyon, 7(3), e06488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06488.\r\n[63] World Bank (2020). Commodities markets outlook: implications of COVID-19 for commodities. April. Available from https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/33624\/CMO- April-2020.pdf\r\n[64] Yuvaraj, M., Pandiyan, M., &amp; Gayathri, P. (2020). Role of Legumes in Improving Soil Fertility Status. In (Ed.), Legume Crops &#8211; Prospects, Production and Uses. IntechOpen. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.93247\r\n[65] Zerihun, A., Sharma.,J. J.,Nigussie, D., &amp; Fred, K. (2013). The Effect of Integrated Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Rates on Performances of Soybean and Maize Component Crops of a Soybean\/maize Mixture.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3624\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3624\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3624\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Josephine Barasa, Julius Ochuodho, Syphyline Kebeney, Augustine Wafula Barasa &#8220;The Role of Sorghum Legume Intercroping System in Improving Soil Productivity on Small Holder Farmers in Western Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.01-08 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6701<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3625\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3625\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3625\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/01-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3626\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3626\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3626\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-sorghum-legume-intercroping-system-in-improving-soil-productivity-on-small-holder-farmers-in-western-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Role of Sorghum Legume Intercroping System in Improving Soil Productivity on Small Holder Farmers in Western Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229d4dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"229d4dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229e549 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"229e549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-229e5e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"229e5e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-229e747\" data-id=\"229e747\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229e855 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"229e855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-229e8f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"229e8f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-229ea6c\" data-id=\"229ea6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229eb9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"229eb9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Music Administration in Ghana: Examining the Implications and Parameters for Delegating Authority<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gayheart Mawuli Mesiotso &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 09-16<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-229ec42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"229ec42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-229ede4\" data-id=\"229ede4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229f0b9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"229f0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nContextually, this paper employed the principle of line and staff administrative structure by Henri Fayol and the bureaucratic management theory by Max Weber to critically examine communication flow in the administration of Cultural Education in the Ghana Education Service. Attention is also drawn to the parameters and implications for delegation of authority in the service. Discussions were by extension centered on: the organizational structure for Music Administration in the Ghana Education Service as well as the duties and responsibilities of the officers. An interview section with regional and district coordinators produced data for analysis. The study found that; 1. The Cultural Unit across the continuum is hierarchically structured with specific rules governing the exercising of authority at each level, and appointments to positions are grounded in absolute technical competence. 2. Power is vested in the official positions and not in the personalities in charge of these posts. 3. The activities of the Cultural Coordinators extend beyond the organization of cultural festivals for pre-tertiary schools to the monitoring of pedagogical practices in the first and second cycle schools. Culture solidarizes nations with diverse ethnic groups, it is an economic asset, and by extension offers a sense of responsibility that makes people feel connected to their communities. It is, therefore, necessary to have adequate attention paid to its generational transfer to ensure continuity\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-16\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6702\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6702<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gayheart Mawuli Mesiotso <\/strong><\/span>\r\nUniversity of Cape Coast, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adjepong, B. 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(2016). The Current State of Music Education in Ghana: A call for integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Journal of Arts &amp; Humanities. Vol. 05, No. 04: 62-68\r\n[43] Oviawe, E. (2015). Delegation: Benefits, Limitations &amp; Why Managers Find It Difficult To Delegate. Paper Presentation at the Nasarawa State University, Nigeria.\r\n[44] Price, H. E. (1992). Sequential patterns of music instruction and learning to use them. Journal of Research in Music Education, 40, 14-29.\r\n[45] Reid, A. (2001). Variations in the Ways that Instrumental and Vocal Students Experience Learning Music. Music Education Research, 3(1), 25-40.\r\n[46] Rumbaugh, W. D. (2014). Affective Domain Applications in Standards-Based Education. A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education Liberty University.\r\n[47] Scott, W. R. (2001). 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An Assessment of the Classroom Performance of Music Teachers. Journal of Research in Music Education, 38, 5-23.\r\n[53] Teachout, D. J. (1997). Pre-service and Experienced Teachers&#8217; Opinions of Skills and Behaviors Important to Successful Music Teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45, 41-50.\r\n[54] Van Der Borg, J., Russo, A. P., Lavanga, M., Mingardo, G. (2005). The Impacts of Culture on the Economic Development of Cities: A research into the cultural economies and policies of Amsterdam, Bolzano, Edinburgh, Eindhoven, Klaipeda, Manchester, Rotterdam, Tampere, The Hague and Vienna.\r\n[55] Weber, M. (2015). Weber&#8217;s Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations on politics, bureaucracy and social stratification, edited and translated by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters.\r\n[56] Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A. M. Henderson and Talcott Parson (New York: Free Press of Glencoe), 92, 96\r\n[57] Weber, M. (1966). Os Fundamentos da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Burocr\u00e1tica: Uma Constru\u00e7\u00e3o do Tipo Ideal [The basics of bureaucratic organization: A construction of the ideal type]. AAVV. Sociologia da Burocracia. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores.\r\n[58] Weber, M. (1982). Ensaios de Sociologia [Sociology essays]. Organisation and introduction by H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Guanabara.\r\n[59] Weber, M. Sage Publication (2014). The Process of Rationalization. https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/sites\/default\/files\/upm-assets\/72275_book_item_72275. accessed 26\/09\/2021\r\n[60] White, T. G. (2021). The Role and Possible Impact of Music Administrators on School District Music Programmes. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Liberty University.\r\n[61] Windari, T. (2021). National Identity Attachment and its Variables. Journal of International Women&#8217;s Studies, 22(3), 81-95. Accessed from https:\/\/vc.bridgew.edu\/jiws\/vol22\/iss3\/9 on 21\/09\/2021\r\n[62] Wright, S. (2003). The Arts, Young Children, and Learning. Pearson Education, Inc.\r\n[63] Yarbrough, C, Price H. E., &amp; Hendel, C. (1994). The Effect of Sequential Patterns and Modes of Presentation on the Evaluation of Music Teaching. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 120, 33-45.\r\n[64] Yau, H., Paul, W., &amp; Wing, C., Margaret, L. (2018). Perceived Attributes of Music Teaching Effectiveness among Kindergarten Teachers: Role of Personality. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(9). http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14221\/ajte.2018v43n9.2\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gayheart Mawuli Mesiotso , &#8220;Music Administration in Ghana: Examining the Implications and Parameters for Delegating Authority&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.09-16 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6702<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a0aba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a0c0f\" data-id=\"22a0c0f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a0d29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a0d29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a0dd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a0dd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a0f2c\" data-id=\"22a0f2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a103f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a103f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a10e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a10e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a14c1\" data-id=\"22a14c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a1612 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a1612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a16b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a16b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a1845\" data-id=\"22a1845\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a1964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a1964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experience of Single Motherhood in Interpersonal Growth: A Case of Umoja Embakasi West Sub-County Nairobi, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Veronicah Njeri Njuguna, Dr. Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe, Dr. Elijah Macharia Ndung\u2019u &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 17-25<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a1a13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a1a13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a1ba1\" data-id=\"22a1ba1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a1ce9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22a1ce9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study focused on the experience of single motherhood in interpersonal growth among single mothers of Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi, Kenya. The resilience theory informed the study by Norman Garmezy and the self-determination theory of psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. The study objective was to establish the attitude of the general population toward single motherhood by single mothers at Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi. The researcher adopted a phenomenological design to capture the meaning the single mothers at Umoja give to the phenomena of single motherhood and interpersonal growth. The study used a homogenous population of Christian women at Umoja Embakasi West Sub-County Nairobi with a target population of single mothers. A snowball sampling method was adopted to get a sample size of 27 single mothers currently bringing up a biological or adopted child\/ren. The researcher adopted a semi-structured interview guide for data collection through face-to-face interviews for 19 single mothers and a focused group discussion guide for eight single mothers. The collected data were transcribed, coded for themes and analysed thematically through content analysis based on the research objectives. The results revealed that single mothers are misunderstood, stigmatized, and rejected by the general population in Umoja Embakasi West Sub-county Nairobi, Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 17-25\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Veronicah Njeri Njuguna <\/strong>\r\nPsychospiritual Institute Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe <\/strong>\r\nPsychospiritual Institute Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Elijah Macharia Ndung\u2019u <\/strong>\r\nPsycho Spiritual Institute of lux Terra Leadership Foundation, An Affiliate of the Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agnafors, S., Bladh, M., Svedin, C. G., &amp; Sydsj\u00f6, G. (2019). Mental health in young mothers, single mothers and their children. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-019-2082-y\r\n[2] Amroussia, N., Hernandez, A., Vives-Cases, C., &amp; Goicolea, I. (2017). \u201cIs the doctor God to punish me?!\u201d An intersectional examination of disrespectful and abusive care during childbirth against single mothers in Tunisia. Reproductive Health, 14(1), 1-12.\r\n[3] Brown, B. M. (2019). Single Moms vs. Single Dads: Examining the Double Standards of Single Parenthood. Explore Parents, November 25.\r\n[4] Choi, S., Byoun, S. J., &amp; Kim, E. H. (2020). Unwed single mothers in South Korea: Increased vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Social Work, 63(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020872820941040\r\n[5] Cicchettt, D., &amp; Garmezy, N. (2021). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. In Development and Psychopathology (Vol. 5). https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core.\r\n[6] Clark, S., Madhavan, S., Cotton, C., Beguy, D., &amp; Kabiru, C. (2017). Who helps single mothers in Nairobi? The role of kin support. Journal of Marriage and Family., 79(4), 1186-1204. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jomf.12404\r\n[7] Garcia, S., Lim, W. C., Pascua, P., Santiago, M., &amp; Tus, J. (2021). (2021). The Journey of Single Moms Amidst COVID 19 Pandemic. International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 7(1.).\r\n[8] Kim, J. E., Lee, J. Y., &amp; Lee, S. H. (2018). Single mothers\u2019 experiences with pregnancy and child rearing in korea: Discrepancy between social services\/policies and single mothers\u2019 needs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15050955\r\n[9] Kimani, W. (2021, October). Embakasi West Constituency Wards, MP, CDF, Population, Registered Voters and Map. KenyaCradle.\r\n[10] Kotwal, N., &amp; Prabhakar, B. (2009). Problems Faced by Single Mothers. Journal of Social Sciences, 21(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09718923.2009.11892771\r\n[11] Odimegwu, C., Mutanda, N., &amp; Mbanefo, C. (2017). Correlates of Single Motherhood in Four Sub-Saharan African Countries. Jstors, 48(4), 313-328. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44509191\r\n[12] Radcliffe, L., Cassell, C., &amp; Malik, F. (2022). Providing, Performing and Protecting: The Importance of Work Identities in Negotiating Conflicting Work\u2013Family Ideals as a Single Mother. British Journal of Management, 33(2), 890-905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8551.12472\r\n[13] Theodoritsi, loanna, Daliana, N., &amp; Antoniou, A.-S. (2018). The mental health of single-parent families in relation to psychological, societal and financial parameters. In Single-parenting in the 21st century: Perceptions, issues and implications.\r\n[14] Tranca, L. M., &amp; Neagoe, A. (2018). The importance of positive language for the quality of interpersonal relationships. Agora Psycho-Pragmatica, 12(1), 69-77.\r\n[15] Van Breda, A. (2018). A critical review of resilience theory and its relevance for social for social work. Social Work, 54(1), 1-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15270\/54-1-611\r\n[16] Zhang, H. (2022). Re-defining stigmatization: intersectional stigma of single mothers in Thailand. Journal of Family Studies, 1.(27.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13229400.2022.2035797\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Veronicah Njeri Njuguna, Dr. Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe, Dr. Elijah Macharia Ndung\u2019u &#8220;Experience of Single Motherhood in Interpersonal Growth: A Case of Umoja Embakasi West Sub-County Nairobi, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.17-25 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/17-25.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/17-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experience-of-single-motherhood-in-interpersonal-growth-a-case-of-umoja-embakasi-west-sub-county-nairobi-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Experience of Single Motherhood in Interpersonal Growth: A Case of Umoja Embakasi West Sub-County Nairobi, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a2bcb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22a2bcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a3038 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a3038\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a31a1\" data-id=\"22a31a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a32c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a32c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a3373 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a3373\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a34c9\" data-id=\"22a34c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a35dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a35dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a367c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a367c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a37e3\" data-id=\"22a37e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a38fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a38fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a399e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a399e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a3c8f\" data-id=\"22a3c8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a3de3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a3de3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a3e89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a3e89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a3ffd\" data-id=\"22a3ffd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a4115 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a4115\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a41b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a41b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a4330\" data-id=\"22a4330\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a444f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a444f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Educational Mobile Apps Use on Teaching Effectiveness of Lecturers in Public Polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>William, Kayode, Soyemi, O. D., Ajagunna, Adedayo E., Isaruk, Ikpoko-Ore-Ebirien Dike &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 26-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a4500 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a4500\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a4695\" data-id=\"22a4695\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a47fe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22a47fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe quality of teaching being imparted to students is supposed to be of high quality and effective in this information superhighway age. Teaching effectiveness typified with teaching methodologies, classroom management, assessment procedures and content knowledge is of great unease to any tertiary education institution since it furthers the productivity of the institution. In tertiary institutions, like public polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states, teaching effectiveness seems to be of poor quality because of students\u2019 low capacity to analytically think, poor lecturers proficiency. Educational mobile apps use can further the teaching effectiveness in any institution of higher learning. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of educational mobile apps use on teaching effectiveness of lecturers in public polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria.\r\nThe study used survey research design. The population of the study consisted of 116 lecturers and 1,978 students in the three public polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states. The lecturers were all enumerated to participate, while Taro Yamane was used to select 333 students\u2019 participants and multistage sampling was used to select the participants from the various faculties, departments and levels. A self-structured validated, and reliable questionnaire was used to gather data. The data collected were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, and linear regression.\r\nFindings showed that the most used educational mobile apps was Google Apps for education (GAFE) with a mean score of (x\u0305=1.64).The result also indicated that there was a weak positive but not significant influence of educational mobile apps use on the teaching effectiveness in public polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo State, (\u03b2=0.027, t = 0.270, p-value&gt;0.05).\r\nThe study concluded that educational mobile apps use contributes to teaching effectiveness of lecturers in public polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the government of Nigeria, through the ministry in charge of education, and National Board for Technical Examinations (NBTE) should carry out continuous awareness program and training for lecturers in public polytechnics on the use of educational mobile apps.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 26-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6703<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>William, Kayode, BSc.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Information Resources Management, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Soyemi, O. D., Ph.D.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Information Resources Management, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajagunna, Adedayo E. BSc.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Information Resources Management, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaruk, Ikpoko-Ore-Ebirien Dike<\/strong><\/span>\r\nLecturer, School of Health Information Management, Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Babalola, J. The university lecturer as a teacher. 2018, Jun 5. 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Proceedings of the First Indonesian Communication Forum of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Leaders International Conference on Education. Atlantis Press, 2017.\r\n[30] Alimi, A. E. Lecturers\u2019 awareness of, access to and competency in the use of Google apps for education in Nigerian universities. A Thesis for the award of doctorate degree in Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Technology, in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. 2017, June 7, Available from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342666698.\r\n[31] Azhar, K. A. &amp; Iqbal, N. Effectiveness of Google classroom: Teachers perception. Prizren Soc. Sci. J. 2018, May, 10, 2, (2). 52-56.\r\n[32] Awuah, L. J. Supporting 21st-century teaching and learning: The role of Google apps for education (GAFE). J. Instruc. Res. 2013, May 15, 4. 12-22.\r\n[33] Hadi, S. &amp; Baheri, A. Impacts of using Microsoft word (MS) software on Iranian EFL lecturers\u2019 grammar knowledge. IJREE. 2019, June, 2, 4(1) 1-10.\r\n[34] Bakare, J. Onah, B. I. &amp; Okereke, G. K. O. Capacity building needs of lecturers in e-teaching for effective delivery of computer and electrical\/electronic technology courses in tertiary institutions in southwestern, Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 2018, May 15, 13(11), 8736-8750.\r\n[35] Owo, O. T., &amp; Ajie, P. M. Impediments to effective utilization of e-learning platforms for quality teaching and learning in universities in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Int. J. Innov Res. 2020, May, 25 9(7), 128-133.\r\n[36] Arevik, A. Survey design. 2014, May,10, Available from http:\/\/hnmcp.law.harvard.edu\/wp-Arevik-Avedian-Survey-Design-PowerPoint.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">William, Kayode, Soyemi, O. D., Ajagunna, Adedayo E., Isaruk, Ikpoko-Ore-Ebirien Dike, &#8220;The Influence of Educational Mobile Apps Use on Teaching Effectiveness of Lecturers in Public Polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.26-33 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6703<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-educational-mobile-apps-use-on-teaching-effectiveness-of-lecturers-in-public-polytechnics-in-ekiti-and-ondo-states-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Influence of Educational Mobile Apps Use on Teaching Effectiveness of Lecturers in Public Polytechnics in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a570f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22a570f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-22a5ffc\" data-id=\"22a5ffc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a6110 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a6110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a61ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a61ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a6310\" data-id=\"22a6310\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a67f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a67f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a68c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a68c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a6a42\" data-id=\"22a6a42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a6b66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a6b66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a6c13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a6c13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a6d60\" data-id=\"22a6d60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a6e99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a6e99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a6f41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a6f41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a70c9\" data-id=\"22a70c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a71e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a71e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Competitive Advantage Ritel 212 Mart to Increase Company Reputation<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Arik Farzeli, Derriawan , Zulkifli &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 34-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a728f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a728f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a7426\" data-id=\"22a7426\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a7569 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22a7569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The purpose of this study was to determine the Competitive Advantage of 212 Mart to Increase the Company&#8217;s Reputation. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection has used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis which is processed with Smart PLS 3.0 for quantitative analysis, while for qualitative analysis using IE, CPM, TOWS, and QSPM. The results of quantitative research prove that Brand Image, Service Quality, and Innovation each have an effect on Competitive Advantage and on the company&#8217;s reputation. As for the results of the strategy analysis research through the input stage strategy with CPM, the matching stage with TOWS and the decision stage with QSPM, the strategy used from the QSPM results is market penetration. The implication of this study for 212 Mart has to pay attention to brand image, service quality, and innovation to improve its corporate reputation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arik Farzeli <\/strong>\r\nPostgraduate Directorate, Magister of Management, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Derriawan <\/strong>\r\nPostgraduate Directorate, Magister of Management, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zulkifli <\/strong>\r\nPostgraduate Directorate, Magister of Management, Pancasila University, Jakarta, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adiputra, I. Putu Pratama, and Kastawan Mandala. (2017). Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kapabilitas Terhadap Keunggulan Kompetitif Dan Kinerja Perusahaan.&#8221; E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud 6.11 (2017): 6090-6119.\r\n[2] Buddy, Tabroni, &amp; Salim, F. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepercayaan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dan Dampaknya Pada Reputasi Perusahaan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Travel Umroh dan Haji di Jakarta Timur). Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 4(2), 110\u2013125.\r\n[3] Budi Suseno, Darmawan, (2006). Waralaba Bisnis Minim Resiko Maksim di Laba. Yogyakarta: Pilar Media.\r\n[4] Charles WL Hill Gareth R Jones, (2012). Essentials of Strategic Management. 3rd ed. Cengage Learning.\r\n[5] Fred R. David \u2013 Forest R. David. (2015). Strategic Management Concepts and Cases &#8211; A Competitive Advantage Approach, ed 15, Pearson.\r\n[6] George A. Steiner, (1979).Strategic Planning \u2013 What Manager Must Know, Free Press.\r\n[7] Ghozali, Imam. (2016). 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Malang : Bayumedia.\r\n[20] Priyadi, A., Dahlan, K. S. S., &amp; Marta, R. F. (2020). Pengaruh CSR UMKM Terhadap Reputasi Perusahaan Dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Dimediasi Citra Merek. Journal of Business &amp; Applied Management, 13(2), 179-190.\r\n[21] Putri, Devinta Kris Amalia. (2018). Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan inovasi produk terhadap keunggulan bersaing serta dampaknya terhadap minat mereferensikan nasabah bank ocbc nisp cabang cik di tiro yogyakarta. Jurnal Ekobis Dewantara, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 8, p. 186-197, dec. 2018\r\n[22] Rizki, A. N., Lestari, P., &amp; Wiendijarti, I. (2017). Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap citra perusahaan listrik negara. Jurnal InterAct, 6(2), 61-77.\r\n[23] Tarigan, R. M. (2014). Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Reputasi Perusahaan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Program Strata-1 Manajemen Ekstensi Departemen Menejemen Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Sumatera Utara.\r\n[24] Ackoff, R. L. (2001). A brief guide to interactive planning and idealized design. Retrieved on March, 19, 2006..\r\n[25] Safiji, L. (2017). Pengaruh Brand Image Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing Pada Air Conditioner Merek Panasonic (Toko Mitra Elektronik Gorontalo). Skripsi, 1(931411213).\r\n[26] Sarosa, Pietra, (2006). Mewaralabakan Usaha Anda Panduan Praktis dan Komprehensif Mengembangkan Usaha dengan Sistem Waralaba. Elex Media Komputindo. Jakarta\r\n[27] Sasongko, Wisnu. (2019). Executive Director, Head of Retailer Vertical Nielsen Indonesia. Nielsen: Ritel Convenience Tumbuh Pesat di Asia Tenggara\r\n[28] Setiawan, H. (2017). Pengaruh Orientasi Pasar, Orientasi Teknologi Dan Inovasi Produk Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing Usaha Songket Skala Kecil Di Kota Palembang. Orasi Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Niaga, 8(2).\r\n[29] Sugiarti, N. W. (2015). Pengaruh Persepsi Tentang Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Reputasi Perusahaan Yang Dimediasi Oleh Citra Merek (Doctoral dissertation, Udayana University).\r\n[30] Sugiyono, (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&amp;D, cetakan 27. Bandung: Alfabeta.\r\n[31] Sujarweni, Wiratna.(2014). Metodelogi Penelitian Lengkap, Praktis dan Mudah Dipahami. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press.\r\n[32] Sumargo, J.N. (2021). Pengaruh Service Quality dan customer satisfaction terhadap Competitive Advantage di Miracle Aesthetic Clinic di Surabaya\r\n[33] Suyadi P, Dewi Primasari, (2014). Managemen Stratejik dan Pengambilan Keputusan Korporasi, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.\r\n[34] T. L. Saaty and L. G. Vargas, (2006). Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process: Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks. Springer\r\n[35] T. L. Saaty. (1990). The Analytical Hierarchical Process. McGraw Hill: New York .\r\n[36] T.L. Saaty. (1999). Fundamentals of The Analytic Network Process. ISAHP, University of Pittsburgh, PA.\r\n[37] Thomas L. Wheelen J David Hunger, (2012). Strategic Management and Bussiness Policy, 13th edition, Pearson.\r\n[38] Thomas W Zimmerer, Norman M Scarborough, Doug Wilson. (2008). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 5th Edition, Pearson.\r\n[39] Yulimindra, Irawan, and Gatot Wijayanto Samsir. (2015). Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan dan Inovasi Terhadap Citra Perusahaan dan Loyalitas Nasaba pada PT Bank Riau Kepri. Jurnal Tepak Manajemen Bisnis 7.3 (2015): 468.\r\n[40] Zeithaml. Valarie, Bitner &amp; Gremler. 2009. Services Marketing \u2013 Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm. New York: McGraw Hill.\r\n[41] Zimmerer, Thomas W. dan Norman M. Scarborough. (2008). Kewirausahaan dan. Manajemen Usaha Kecil. Jakarta: Salemba Empat\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Arik Farzeli, Derriawan , Zulkifli &#8220;Competitive Advantage Ritel 212 Mart to Increase Company Reputation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.34-44 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/34-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/34-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a8bf3\" data-id=\"22a8bf3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a8d07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a8d07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a8db4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a8db4\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a9410\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a9561\" data-id=\"22a9561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a9683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a9683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a9a1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a9a1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a9b9a\" data-id=\"22a9b9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22a9ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22a9ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Principals\u2019 Monitoring of Students\u2019 Academic Progress on Pedagogic Practices of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Bauchi State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Saleh Garba (PhD), Bushira Abdullahi (Mrs) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 45-51<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22a9d4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22a9d4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22a9eea\" data-id=\"22a9eea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22aa02d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22aa02d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the extent to which principals monitor students\u2019 progress and also established the effect of principals\u2019 monitoring of students\u2019 progress on teachers\u2019 pedagogical practices in public secondary schools in Bauchi state. Descriptive survey and causal research designs were employed for the study. The target population consisted all the principals and teachers in public secondary schools of Bauchi state. The samples comprised 29 principals and 384 teachers were drawn using random sampling technique. The study has one research question and a hypothesis. Questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Cronbach&#8217;s alpha reliability of the instruments stood at 0.87. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple linear regression was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 significance levels. The study revealed that principals&#8217; monitoring of students&#8217; progress has significant effects on pedagogical practices of teachers (R2=.099, p&lt;.05). It was also established that majority of principals did not review students&#8217; class work and assessment records in determining students\u2019 progress. The study concluded that effective monitoring of students\u2019 progress by principals will significantly enhance teachers\u2019 pedagogical practices in public secondary schools. It was recommended that State Ministries of Education should be organizing training workshop for principals to improve their skills of monitoring the academic progress of students. It was also suggested that principals should intensify supervision of class work and assessment records<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-51\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6704<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saleh Garba (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bushira Abdullahi (Mrs) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Al-Hosani, H., A. 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Blacksburg, Virginia). https:\/\/www.google.com\/search\r\n[6] Benedict, U. (2013). Supervisory role of principals in enhancing teachers\u2019 professional development in secondary schools in Kitui West District, Kenya. (M.Ed. Thesis. Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi)\r\n[7] Blase, J. &amp;Blase, J. (2008). Handbook on instructional leadership: How really good principals promote teaching and learning. Thousand Oaks, CA Corwin Press.\r\n[8] Blase, J., &amp; Blase, J. (2000). Effective instructional leadership: Teachers&#8217; perspectives on how principals\u2019 promote teaching and learning in schools. Journal of Education, 38(2), 130- 141. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/abs\/10.\r\n[9] Boudett, K. P., &amp; Moody, L. (2005). Organizing for Collaborative Work. In K. P. Boudett, E. A. City, &amp; R. J. Murnane (Eds.), Data Wise: A Step-By-Step Guide to Using Assessment Results to Improve Teaching and Learning (Pp. 11-28). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.\r\n[10] Garba, S. (2019). Principals\u2019 Instructional supervision and its influence on pedagogical practices of teachers in public junior secondary schools in Bauchi state, Nigeria. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Kenyatta University, Nairobi\r\n[11] Grauwe, A. (2007). Supervision: A key component of a monitoring system. Retrieved:`http:\/\/www.iiep.unesco.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Cap_DevTraining\/Training_Materials\/Supervision\/SUP_Mod1.pdf\r\n[12] Halverson, R. (2010). School\u2019s formative feedback systems. Peabody Journal of Education, 85(2), 130\u2013146.\r\n[13] Hussen, M., S., (2015) The practices of instructional supervision in government preparatory schools of Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional state. (M.Ed. Thesis, Haramaya University).`\r\n[14] Issa, Y., A. (2012). Instructional factors influencing head teachers\u2019 instructional supervision practices in secondary schools in Mandera East District. (Unpublished Project: University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya).\r\n[15] Jeptarus, C., S., Sr. (2014). Instructional supervisory role of principals and its&#8217; influence on students&#8217; academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nandi North district Nandi county Kenya. (Unpublished M. Ed. Thesis, Catholic University of Eastern Africa).\r\n[16] Joseph, O., A, (2014) Head teachers&#8217; instructional supervision practices and the challenges they face in public primary schools in Asego Division &#8211; Homa Bay County, Kenya. (Unpublished M. Ed Thesis, Kenyatta University).\r\n[17] Kieleko, M., D. Kanori, E., &amp; Mugambi, M., M. (2017) Secondary School principals\u2019 workload and instructional supervision practices in Kenya: A case of Lower Yatta Sub-County, Kitui County. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2017, PP 68-80 ISSN 2349-0373 www.arcjournals.org\r\n[18] Kingmakers Calculations (2020) State of States Ranking for Education Quality-West African School Certificate Examination Council. https:\/\/stateofstates.kingmakers.com.ng\r\n[19] Leithwood, K., &amp;Jantzi, D. (2008). Effective School Leaders: How to Evaluate for Changing Times. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.\r\n[20] Leithwood, K. (1994). Leadership for school restructuring. Educational Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 498-518.\r\n[21] Mbuso, N., M. (2015).Strategies of monitoring teaching and learning: A school management team perspective. (Unpublished Masters, University of Kwazulu-Natal).\r\n[22] Mjimba, R., K. (2016). Factors influencing head teachers&#8217; instructional supervision practices in public primary schools in Kinango Sub-county, Kenya. (M.Ed Project. University of Nairobi ).\r\n[23] Oduol, T. (2006). Towards the making of education policy in Kenya: Conclusions and implications. International Education Journal, 7(4), 466-479. http:\/\/iej.com.au\r\n[24] Ogunu, M.A. (2000). Introduction to educational management. Benin City: Mabogun Publishers\r\n[25] Omogbehin, E. (2013) The principal\u2019s role in monitoring student progress at the middle school level. A Doctoral dissertation submitted to the faculty of San Diego State University\r\n[26] Osuo-siseken, U.O. and Uche V.U. (2020). State based analysis of candidates\u2019 WASSCE participation and achievement of five credits passes and above including Mathematics and English language in Nigeria. www.ijaar.org . International Journal of Advanced Academic Research.\r\n[27] Malunda, P., Onen, D., Musaazi, C., S. J., Oonyu, J., (2016).Instructional Supervision and the Pedagogical Practices of Secondary School Teachers in Uganda. Journal of Education and Practice Vol. (7) No.3 www.iiste.org\r\n[28] Poplin, M., &amp;Weeres, J. (1992). Voices from the inside: A report on schooling in America from inside the classroom. Claremont, CA: The Institute for Education in Transformation, Claremont Graduate School.\r\n[29] Sagor, R., D. (1992) Three Principals Who Make a Difference.&#8221; Educational Leadership 49, 5 (February 1992): 13-18. EJ 439 277.\r\n[30] Sekunda, P., M.(2013). Influence of principals\u2019 instructional supervision practices on students\u2019 performance in Kenya certificate of secondary examination in Trans-mara West District, Kenya. (M.Ed Project, University of Nairobi).\r\n[31] Simbano A., D., (2013) Influence of the head teachers&#8217; instructional supervisory practices on teachers&#8217; work performance: A case of public secondary schools in Arusha Municipality, Tanzania. (M. Ed Research Project, Kenyatta University)\r\n[32] Tesfaw, T., A. &amp;Hofman, R., H. (2012).Instructional supervision and its relationship with professional development: Perception of private and government secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa.( M.Ed. Thesis University of Groningen)\r\n[33] Wango, G. (2014). School administration and management :Quality assurance and standards in school. Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundations\r\n[34] Wanzare, Z. (2012) Instructional supervision in public secondary schools in Kenya Educational Management Administration &amp; Leadership 40(2) 188\u2013216 The sagepub.co.uk\/journals Permissions.nav\r\n[35] Zepeda, S. J. (2012). Instructional supervision: Applying tools and concepts (3rd ed.). Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Saleh Garba (PhD), Bushira Abdullahi (Mrs) &#8220;Effects of Principals\u2019 Monitoring of Students\u2019 Academic Progress on Pedagogic Practices of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Bauchi State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.45-51 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6704<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/45-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-principals-monitoring-of-students-academic-progress-on-pedagogic-practices-of-teachers-in-public-secondary-schools-in-bauchi-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of Principals\u2019 Monitoring of Students\u2019 Academic Progress on Pedagogic Practices of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Bauchi State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab2aa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22ab2aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ab386 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ab386\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ab50d\" data-id=\"22ab50d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab64f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ab64f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ab6f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ab6f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ab854\" data-id=\"22ab854\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ab964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ab964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22aba17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22aba17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22abb7d\" data-id=\"22abb7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22abc98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22abc98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22abd3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22abd3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22abe9d\" data-id=\"22abe9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22abfae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22abfae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ac057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ac057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ac1ab\" data-id=\"22ac1ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ac2d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ac2d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ac379 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ac379\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ac4c9\" data-id=\"22ac4c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ac5de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ac5de\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ac90d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ac90d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Urgency of Training for Peacekeepers and Family Resilience in Reducing Conflict during Peacekeeping Operations<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Andi Muhammad Arief Malleleang, I Gede Sumertha KY, Puguh Santoso, Herlina Juni Risma Saragih &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 52-60<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ac9c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ac9c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22acb54\" data-id=\"22acb54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22acc8d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22acc8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nCultural awareness in peacekeeping operations is gaining traction, particularly among academics, to eradicate the resulting conflict through ideas, points of view, or policies. These policies can identify specific strategies to help each operation succeed. Culture awareness applies not only to peacekeepers but also to their families. This study employs a qualitative approach with data and literature sources on The Importance of Peacekeeper Training and Family Resilience in Conflict Resolution. Peacekeepers use a variety of strategies to reduce the likelihood of cultural clashes. The author approaches pre-deployment training with tolerance and objectivity in all decisions, inter-group coordination, inter-group communication, and inter-group planning. These materials can help people understand UN peacekeeping operations&#8217; fundamental principles, values, and protocols. These principles can guide peacekeepers and their families as they assist countries in transitioning from war to peace. The impact of culture on the success or failure of conflict resolution processes utilized in peacekeeping deployments has been substantial. To preserve their effectiveness as a tool for resolving modern conflicts, peacekeeping operations must make extraordinary efforts to address cultural challenges at all levels of interpersonal interaction and throughout the implementation process\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 52-60\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6705<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andi Muhammad Arief Malleleang <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Security Faculty, Republic Indonesia Defence University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I Gede Sumertha KY <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Security Faculty, Republic Indonesia Defence University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Puguh Santoso <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Security Faculty, Republic Indonesia Defence University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>PHerlina Juni Risma Saragih <\/strong><\/span>\r\nNational Security Faculty, Republic Indonesia Defence University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\nAhmad, J. (2017). Dress like Allies, Kill like Enemies an Analysis of \u201cInsider Attacks\u201d in Afghanistan\u2019. Modern War Institute. https:\/\/www.mwi.usma.edu\/wp-content\/%0Auploads\/2017\/04\/Dress-Like-Allies-Kill-Like-Enemies.pdf\r\n[2] Aubyn, F., Edu-afful, F., Allotey-pappoe, S., &amp; Nelson, S. (2015). An Assessment of Police Pre-Deployment Training: Ghana Study. KAIPTC Occasional Paper, 40, 1\u201317. https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/An_Assessment_of_police_pre_deployment.pdf\r\n[3] Australian Senate Committee. (2008). Importance of Pre-Deployment Training. Parliament of Australia. https:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/Parliamentary_Business\/Committees\/Senate\/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade\/Completed_inquiries\/2008-10\/peacekeeping\/report\/c14\r\n[4] Boss, P. (2001). Family Stress Management. SAGE Publications.\r\n[5] Boulden, J. (2005). Mandates matter: An Exploration of Impartiality in United Nations Operations. Global Governanace, 11(2), 147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/19426720-01102003\r\n[6] Cacioppo, J. T., Reis, H. T., &amp; Zautra, A. J. (2011). Social Resilience: The Value of Social Fitness With an Application to the Military. American Psychologist, 66(1), 43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0021419\r\n[7] Creta, Analissa. (2014) More Coherence In Peacekeeping Training? The Global Peacekeeping Architecture Project. The ITPCM Vol. X no. 36 ISSN. 2239-7949 International Commentary\r\n[8] David, A. (2005). Understanding, Tolerance and Solidarity. Global Movement for Cultural Peace. http:\/\/www.culture-of-peace.info\/copoj\/tolerance.html\r\n[9] De Burgh, H. T., White, C. J., Fear, N. T., &amp; Iversen, A. C. (2011). The Impact of Deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan on Partners and Wives of military personnel. International Review of Psychiatry, 23(2), 192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09540261.2011.560144\r\n[10] Ki-Moon, B. (2013). Tolerance Means Recognizing Diversity as Strength, Secretary General Says in Message for International Day. United Nations Meeting Coverage and Press Release. https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2013\/sgsm15462.doc.htm\r\n[11] Meadows, S. O., Beckett, M. K., Bowling, K., Golinelli, D., Fisher, M. P., Martin, L. T., Meredith, L. S., &amp; Osilla, K. C. (2016). Family Resilience in the Military. RAND Health Quarterly, 5(3). https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/periodicals\/health-quarterly\/issues\/v5\/n3\/12.html#:~:text=Department\r\n[12] Nordin, N. N. H., Husin, W. N. W., &amp; Salleh, M. Z. (2021). The Significance of Pre-Deployment Training, Culture Tolerance and Impartiality in Reducing Conflicts during Peacekeeping Operations: Malaysian Experiences. Journal of Education and Culture Studies, 5(2), 9\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.22158\/jecs.v5n2p9\r\n[13] O\u2019Mara, W. J., Heacox, N. J., &amp; Gwynne, J. W. (2000). Culture and Inter-Group Relations Theory as a Pathway to Improve Decision Making in Coalition Operations. Pacific Science &amp; Engineering Group, Inc.\r\n[14] Patterson, J. (1988). Families Experiencing Stress: The family adjustment and adaptation response model. Family Systems Medicine, 5(2), 202\u2013207.\r\n[15] Patterson, J. M. (2002). Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 349\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x\r\n[16] Rubinstein, R. A. (1989). Culture, International Affairs and Peacekeeping: Confusing Process and Pattern. Cultural Dynamics, 2(1), 41\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/092137408900200104\r\n[17] Saltzman, W. R., Lester, P., Beardslee, W. R., Layne, C. M., Woodward, K., &amp; Nash, W. P. (2011). Mechanisms of risk and resilience in military families: Theoretical and empirical basis of a family-focused resilience enhancement program. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14(3), 213\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-011-0096-1\r\n[18] Seiple, C. (1996). The U.S. military\/NGO Relationship in Humanitarian Interventions. Peacekeeping Institute Center for Strategic Leadership, U.S. Army War College. (Defense Technical Information Service #19940523 045).\r\n[19] Sigir, U., &amp; Basar, U. (2015). Peacekeeping Operations Management. an Analysis of Challenges, Changes in Command Action and Training Needs. Journal of Defense Resources Management, 6(2), 13\u201320. http:\/\/www.jodrm.eu\/issues\/volume6_issue2\/02_sigri_basar.pdf\r\n[20] Tomforde, M. (2010). How Much Culture is Needed? The Intercultural Dilemma of the Bundeswehr in ISAF. International Peacekeeping Journal, 14(4), 526\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13533312.2010. 516664\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Andi Muhammad Arief Malleleang, I Gede Sumertha KY, Puguh Santoso, Herlina Juni Risma Saragih , &#8220;The Urgency of Training for Peacekeepers and Family Resilience in Reducing Conflict during Peacekeeping Operations&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.52-60 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6705<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ae81c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ae81c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ae971\" data-id=\"22ae971\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22aea86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22aea86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22aeb2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22aeb2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22aec85\" data-id=\"22aec85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22aed90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22aed90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22aee3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22aee3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22aef8f\" data-id=\"22aef8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22af0a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22af0a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22af142 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22af142\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22af2b3\" data-id=\"22af2b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22af3d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22af3d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessing the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) of commercial drivers; a case of Madina lorry station<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Monica Anane, Asenso Kennedy, Shalom Adu \u2013Bediako, Endurance Serwaa Asare &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 61-68<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22af47a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22af47a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22af61a\" data-id=\"22af61a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22af77c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22af77c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The ravages caused by blood pressure on humanity are alarming, especially in Ghana, where voluntary medical check-ups are not a priority for many. This study was a cross-sectional survey with the goal of determining the relationship between commercial drivers&#8217; Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) at the Madina lorry station. Using the purposive sampling technique, 150 male commercial drivers from the Madina main lorry station were chosen for the study. It emerged from the study that there is positive correlation between BMIs and BP measurements among commercial drivers at Madina lorry station and a statistically significant relationship between age and blood pressure of respondents. The study therefore, recommend that GPRTU could organize weekly programs to engage drivers in some physical activities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 61-68\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6706<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Monica Anane <\/strong>\r\nS.D.A College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asenso Kennedy <\/strong>\r\nS.D.A College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shalom Adu \u2013Bediako <\/strong>\r\nS.D.A College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Endurance Serwaa Asare <\/strong>\r\nS.D.A College of Education, Asokore-Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abban H. 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A global brief on Hyper &#8211; tension World Health Day 2013.WHO Global Brief on Hypertension, WHO Press 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.\r\n[52] WHO (2015). New Data Highlight Increases in Hypertension, Diabetes Incidence: The World Health Statistics 2012 Report, Geneva.\r\n[53] World Heart Federation (2012c). Physical Inactivity. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.worldheart-federation.org\/cardiovascular-health\/cardiovascular-disease-risk-factors\/physicalinactivity\/ on 9\/5\/16\r\n[54] Wrieden, W., Peace, H., Amstrong J., Barton, K. (2003) A short review of Dietary Assessment methods in National Scottish Studies. Briefing pap prepared for: Working Group on Scottish Dietary Workshop.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Monica Anane, Asenso Kennedy, Shalom Adu \u2013Bediako, Endurance Serwaa Asare &#8220;Assessing the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) of commercial drivers; a case of Madina lorry station&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.61-68 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6706<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b1946 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b1946\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b1aa3\" data-id=\"22b1aa3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b1bbc elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b1eee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b1eee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Reversal of Gains: The State of Co-Operatives Movement in Eastern Province of Zamba After Liberalisation, 1992-2002<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Martin Chabu, Kasebula Francis &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 69-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b1f9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b1f9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b211d\" data-id=\"22b211d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b2269 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22b2269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study attempts to discuss the performance and effects of farming co-operatives after liberalisation in Eastern Province of Zambia, 1992-2002. The study also discusses the impact of liberalisation policy on farming co-operatives in Eastern Province. The data collection method was remark favorably on by information from written materials, which includes published and unpublished sources such as articles in journals, books, thesis and dissertations from University of Zambia Repository. Oral interviews were conducted from notable figures who once worked with the co-operatives. The liberalisation of agricultural co-operatives and marketing was expected to provide incentives for the participation of the private sector, with consequences of competitive marketing benefiting smallholder farmers through better marketing arrangements and higher prices. The study determines that liberalization of agriculture co-operatives in Eastern Province had been positive for consumer and private traders. However, there have been a deleterious experience for many farmers and this mistreated agricultural progress during a period 1991-2002, as compared to the UNIP government when co-operatives were fully funded and controlled by government. The findings also suggest that peasant, particularly, the poor were the main losers through unfair trading practices and influence of private traders, and lack of reliable markets for agricultural produce and inputs.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 69-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Martin Chabu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer-Social Science Department, David Livingstone College of Education, Livingstone, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kasebula Francis <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer- Special Education\/Guidance and Counseling, David Livingstone College of Education, Livingstone, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Andrew. D, Rethinking Agriculture Input Subsidy Programme in a changing World Paper prepared for the Trade and Markets Division, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (London: University of London, 2009), p. 45.\r\n[2] Carter. S, Agricultural Marketing Management; A Teaching Manual Network and Centre for Agricultural and Training in Eastern and Southern Africa (Harare: Longman, 1992), p.123.\r\n[3] Chiwele. D.K, P, Muyatwa, Sipula and Kalinda. H, \u2018Private Sector Response to Agricultural Marketing Liberalization in Zambia: A Case study of Eastern province Maize Market Research Report No.107\u2019 (1998). 42.\r\n[4] FAO\/MAFF, The Adjustment by the Co-operatives Sector to Liberalized market Environment (Lusaka: Marketing Assistance Project, 2000).\r\n[5] GRZ, A Frame Work for Agriculture Policies to the year 2000 (Lusaka; Ministry of Agriculture Food &amp; Fisheries, 1993), p.12.\r\n[6] GRZ, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives: A Review Paper on Liberalization. 1998.\r\n[7] GRZ, United Nations Development Programme; Eradicating of Extremely Poverty and Hunger in Zambia, an Agenda for Enhancing the Achievement of the MDGs (Ndola: ZHDR, 2003).\r\n[8] GRZ\/CFU, Position Paper on Fertilizer Support Programme: Drawing on the Experience of Liberalization. Paper No.4, Lusaka, MACO, 2002.\r\n[9] Interview, Joseph Nyoni, former Camp Extension officer, Mzime, Mzime Agriculture camp, 2nd June 2016.\r\n[10] Harber. R, Maize Market Decontrol Programme (MMDP) Project No. 611-0223 (Lusaka: US Agency for International Development, 1992)\r\n[11] Interview with Shadreck Ngoma, Former Sable Depot Buyer for Msoro, Katete, 7th May 2016.\r\n[12] Interview, Allan Sakala, former District Marketing Officer Katete, 18 July 2016.\r\n[13] Interview, Beatrice Phiri former Secretary ECU, Chipata 4th June 2016.\r\n[14] Interview, Boyd Mate, Agriculture Camp Extension Officer Kangwelema in Katete, 12 June 2016.\r\n[15] Interview, Flywell Phiri former Clerk for KCMU, Katete, 22nd June 2016.\r\n[16] Interview, Kenndy Kumwenda, Chiyambi Co-operative Member in Katete, 22nd June 2016.\r\n[17] Interview, Saidi Banda former Marketing Officer, PCMU, Petauke, 29th May 2016.\r\n[18] Interview, Walaza Phiri, former Committee Member Chimwa Co-operative, Katete, 23 August 2016.\r\n[19] Kaluwa.B and W. Chilowa, \u2018Malawi Food Marketing Liberalization and Household Food Security; Preliminary Results from Baseline Surveys\u2019, in Rukuni and J. B, Wycoff (eds.) Market Reforms Research Policies and Food Security (Harare: UZ\/MSU, 1991)\r\n[20] Katete District Annual Report on Co-operative, 2001. P. 11.\r\n[21] Mwanaumo. A, \u2018The Effect of Maize policy Reform in Zambia\u2019, PhD. Dissertation, Department of Agriculture Economics. Purdue University, 1994.\r\n[22] Mwanaumo. A, W.A. Master, P.V. Preckel, \u2018A Spatial \u2018Analysis of Maize Marketing Policy Reforms in Zambia\u2019, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 79 (May 1997), 514-523.\r\n[23] Mwanza.A.M, Structure Adjustment Programme in SADCC Experiences and Lesson from Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Harare: SAPES, 1992), p.59.\r\n[24] N.A.Z SEC1\/87, Eastern Province Annual Co-operative Report, November 1998; See also District Reports of Agriculture Economic Census 2001.\r\n[25] N.A.Z SEC1\/87, Eastern Province District Annual Report on Co-operatives 1999; Also see District Report on May\/June 2000, Audit Report of Co-operative Assets.\r\n[26] FAO\/FSD\/MAFF, The Adjustment by the Co-operatives Sector to Liberalized Marketing Environment: A Preliminary Analysis of Co-operatives Sector Performance in Crop Input Marketing Season in Central, Eastern and Southern Provinces, Zambia Market Liberalization Impact Studies (Lusaka: Marketing Management Assistance Project, 1995).\r\n[27] Njobvu. C.A, Report on Systematic Client Consultation Study of the Status of Smallholder Farming Agricultural service in Lundazi and Chama District, Eastern Province, Zambia (Lusaka: Institute of African studies, 1995), p.21.\r\n[28] Provincial Agriculture Annual Co-operative Report for Eastern Province 1993-1994. 12.\r\n[29] Provincial Co-operative Report for Eastern Province, 1993-1994. p.14.\r\n[30] Provincial Co-operative Strategic Report for Eastern Province, 14th November 2002.\r\n[31] Rakner. L, Political and Economic Liberalization in Zambia 1991 2001 (Elanders Gotab: Nordic African Institute, 2003). p.14.\r\n[32] Sipula. K, \u2018Reforms of Maize Market System in Zambia Issue of Price and Market Policies Co-operatives and Interprovincial Transportation\u2019, Unpublished PhD. Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, 1993, p.45.\r\n[33] Theron. J, \u2018Co-operative in Southern Africa; A Movement (re) Emerging\u2019 in P. Develtere, I. Pollet &amp; F .Wanyama (eds.), Co-operating out of Poverty; The Renaissances of the African Co-operative Movement (Geneva: ILO, 2008), p.189.\r\n[34] Walle. V, Nicolas and Chiwele. D.K, \u2018Economic Reform and Democratization in Zambia\u2019s Democratic Governance Working Paper No.9\u2019, 1994, p.3\r\n[35] Wanyama. F, (eds.), Co-operating out of Poverty; the Renaissances of African Co-operatives Movement (Geneva: ILO, 2008), p.56.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Martin Chabu, Kasebula Francis, &#8220;Reversal of Gains: The State of Co-Operatives Movement in Eastern Province of Zamba After Liberalisation, 1992-2002&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.69-76 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/69-76.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/reversal-of-gains-the-state-of-co-operatives-movement-in-eastern-province-of-zamba-after-liberalisation-1992-2002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Reversal of Gains: The State of Co-Operatives Movement in Eastern Province of Zamba After Liberalisation, 1992-2002<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b32aa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b3754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b38c0\" data-id=\"22b38c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b39f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b39f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b3ab4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b3ab4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b3c17\" data-id=\"22b3c17\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b3d40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b3d40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b3df8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b3df8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b3f5e\" data-id=\"22b3f5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b4070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b4070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b4a5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b4a5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Use of Social Media in Cosmetology Services in Tanzania: A case of Kinondoni Municipal<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lilian D. Kaswamila and Julius T. Tweve &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 77-83<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b4b08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b4b08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b4c90\" data-id=\"22b4c90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b4dde elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22b4dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3631\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3631\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Indeed, information professionals have confirmed that social media has emerged as one of the main tools of engagement among people of different age groups from different locations. However the engagement has not only affected the personal relationship rather it went further in changing even the businesses way of communicating to customers, whereas most businesses nowadays use social to communicate with their customers. The study aimed at assessing the use of social media in promotion of cosmetology services in Tanzania, particularly in Kinondoni municipal. Specific objectives were first, to examine the extent to which social media are used to promote cosmetology services, second, to determine the benefits of social media use in cosmetology services and third to identify the challenges of using social media in cosmetology services. To beef up the study, literature review has been structured itself based on social media, and cosmetology services as well as previous studies relating to use of social media in promotion of cosmetology services. The study used a descriptive survey design, data was collected through a structured questionnaire to customers of cosmetology services and 133 respondents submitted their questionnaire. Also, an interview was conducted to 12 service providers.\r\nThe findings show that, social media have brought many positive impacts on cosmetology businesses whereas with the use of social media businesses can easily market their services and reach out to a lot of potential customers. With the use of social media cosmetology service providers may incur less cost in marketing while covering a wide range of customers. The use of social media in cosmetology business have greatly reduced the operational costs due to the fact that service providers can now communicate with their customers all over the world without incurring the costs of traveling. The use of social media has enabled the service providers to easily reach out to their customers without the need of physically meeting with them. Due to the fact that social media enhanced cosmetology businesses to reach a wide variety of customers the sales have drastically increased. The service providers who are actively engaging on social media to communicate with customer automatically has increased their visibility and in turn improved their sales<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-83\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3632\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3632\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lilian D. Kaswamila <\/strong>\r\nTumaini University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Julius T. Tweve <\/strong>\r\nTumaini University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3633\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3633\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Anderson, T. (2015). Business Survival and Success of Young Small Businesses Owners. Independent company Economics 21: 1-17.\r\n[2] Aruwa, H. (2017). Do all cosmetology service Practice Same Kind of Marketing? Diary of Small Business and Enterprise Development 17(2): 279\r\n[3] Chan, J. O. (2015). Toward a unified view of Customer Relationship Management. Journal of American Academy of Business, 6(1): 32-38.\r\n[4] Chanaron, J. J. (2015). Managing Innovation in European Small and Medium-Sized. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.\r\n[5] Chua, A. P. H., Deans, K. R., &amp; Parker, C. M. (2016). Exploring the Types of cosmetology service Which Could use Blogs as a Marketing Tool: A Proposed Future Research Agenda. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 16(1).University of Otago\r\n[6] Danes, M., Bonner, K., Hart, M., &amp; Mason, C. (2015). Measuring Business Growth: High-growth Firms and their Contribution to Employment in the UK. National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts.UK\r\n[7] Evans, D., &amp; McKee, J. (2016). Social Media Marketing: The Next Generation of Business Engagement. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana\r\n[8] Hatibu, S. (2018) The impact of Social media on cosmetology service growth. Research report, Mzumbe University\r\n[9] Hill, J. (2015). A Multidimensional Study of the Key Determinants of Effective cosmetology service Marketing Activity: Part 1. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviors &amp; Research 7(5): 171-204\r\n[10] Kaplan, A. M., &amp;Haenlein, M. (2014). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Kenya Vision 2030.Business Horizons 53: 59\u201368.\r\n[11] Kothari, C. R. (2012). Research Methodology; Methods &amp; Techniques. New Age International (P) Publishers, New Delhi, India\r\n[12] Mangold, W. G., &amp;Faulds, D. J. (2015). Social media: The New Hybrid Element of the Promotion Mix. Business Horizons 52(4): 357-365.\r\n[13] Miller, H., &amp; Lama, H. (2010). Do Small Businesses need to Practice Marketing to Survive and Grow? Promoting Intelligence&amp; Planning 14(1): 6-18.\r\n[14] Mungogo, P. (2017). Social media usage on continuance intentions: Business strategy series vol 11 No, 227-243\r\n[15] Praag, C., &amp; Van, M. (2015). Business Survival and Success of Young Small Businesses Owners. Small Business Economics 21: 1-17.\r\n[16] Reijonen, H. (2010).&#8221;Do all cosmetology service practice same kind of marketing?&#8221;, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 279-293\r\n[17] Reijonen, H. (2015). Do all cosmetology service Practice Same Kind of Marketing? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 17(2): 279\u2013293.\r\n[18] Safko, L. (2016) The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools &amp; Strategies for Business Success. NJ: Prentice Hall\r\n[19] Storey, D. J. (2015). Understanding the Small Business Sector. Routledge: London\r\n[20] Yao, D. J. (2012). Social media: The New Hybrid Element of the Promotion Mix. Business Horizons 52(4): 357-365\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3634\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3634\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lilian D. Kaswamila and Julius T. Tweve &#8220;Use of Social Media in Cosmetology Services in Tanzania: A case of Kinondoni Municipal&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.77-83 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/77-83.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3635\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3635\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/77-83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3636\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3636\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/use-of-social-media-in-cosmetology-services-in-tanzania-a-case-of-kinondoni-municipal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Use of Social Media in Cosmetology Services in Tanzania: A case of Kinondoni Municipal<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b5f93 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22b5f93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b6086 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b6086\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b622a\" data-id=\"22b622a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b6357 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b6357\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b63fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b63fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b6567\" data-id=\"22b6567\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b669f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b669f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b6743 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b6743\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b68a5\" data-id=\"22b68a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b69d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b69d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b6a76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b6a76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b6bc7\" data-id=\"22b6bc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b6cdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b6cdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b6da6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b6da6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b6eff\" data-id=\"22b6eff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b7015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b7015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b70b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b70b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b7214\" data-id=\"22b7214\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b7326 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b7326\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b73cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b73cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b7544\" data-id=\"22b7544\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b765e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b765e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Trade Openness and Economic Growth (A Comparative Study Between Nigeria and Ghana)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ehoda, Samuel Ngbede, Onoja, Deborah Enecheojo, Adefioye, Edumaretola Gabriel, Bisong, Anthony Ekpang &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 84-93<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b76fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b76fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b788a\" data-id=\"22b788a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b79eb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22b79eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study examines the impact of trade openness on economic growth in Nigeria and Ghana covering the period of SAP and POST-SAP from 1986-2016. The study made use of the following theories; Comparative Cost Advantage Theory and Endogenous Growth Model (New Growth Theory). Secondary data were sourced from OECD\/World Bank Statistical Publications, CBN Statistical Bulletin, Nigerian Bureau of Statistics and other research publications on the following variables; RGDP which is the dependent variable is used as a proxy for economic growth while TOP, GFCF, FDI and EXR are the explanatory variables. Both descriptive and econometrical techniques such as Unit Root Test and ARDL Bounds Test were employed. The Unit root test reveals that all variables were stationary at first difference while ARDL Bounds test indicated a long-run relationship among the variables. From the findings of this study, trade openness has an insignificant positive relationship on economic growth in Nigeria and Ghana under the period of study. This research work therefore recommends that policies of exchange rate stability and structural trade oriented policies should be adopted in Nigeria and Ghana in order to boost output growth in the economy. In addition, the Ghanaian government needs to invest heavily on infrastructural development and transport related cost. Finally, the government of both economies should create an investment friendly environment and also restructure its financial market so as to propel FDI in the economy.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 84-93\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ehoda, Samuel Ngbede <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Onoja, Deborah Enecheojo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adefioye, Edumaretola Gabriel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bisong, Anthony Ekpang <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Federal University Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\nghion, P., J. Fedderke, P. Howitt, C. Kularatne and N. Viegi, (2008). \u201cTesting Creative Destruction in an Opening Economy: the Case of the South African Manufacturing Industries.\u201d Observatoire\r\n[2] Alesina, A., E. Spolaore, and R. Wacziarg, (2005). \u201c\u2018Can Free Trade Guarantee Gains from Trade?\u2019, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (Research Paper No. 2008\/97.pg 19)\r\n[3] Bawumia, M. (2010). Monetary policy and financial sector reform in Africa: Ghana\u2019s experience. Accra: Combert Impressions Ghana.\r\n[4] Bernard.D and Jensen.F (1999) On Exports and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 12, 59-73\r\n[5] Christopher. E and Damilola. D. (2014). Impact of Trade Openness on the Output Growth in the Nigerian Economy. British Journal of Economics, Management &amp; Trade. 4(5): 755-768.\r\n[6] Egbulonu, K. G and Ezeocha, J. A. (2018). Trade Openness And Nigeria\u2019s Economic Growth. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability. 6(3);1-11\r\n[7] Eleanya, K. N., Chukwu , J. O., Ugbor, K. I., &amp; Onuzuruike, N. N. (2013). Trade Openness And Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis Of The Pre And Post Structural Adjustment Programme (Sap) Periods In Nigeria. Asian Journal of Business and Economics.3(3.4);1-12\r\n[8] Emeka, E.J., Frederick, I. &amp; Peter, A. (2012). Macroeconomic Impact of Trade on Nigerian Growth: An Empirical Evaluation. Research Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 1(4), 079-083\r\n[9] Fatih. M, Hakan. A and Mohamane, M. B. (2017). An Emperical Analysis on the Relationship between Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria. EconWorld 2017@ParisProceedings.\r\n[10] Felix, G. O., Kolawole. S and Musa, I. B. (2013). Trade Liberalization And Economic Growth In Nigeria; A Cointegration Analysis. Journal of Business, Economics &amp; Finance. 2(5);2-11.\r\n[11] Ishola, S. A., Ajayi, E. O., Onafowokan. I and Giwa, A. B. (2013). Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1981-2009). An Emperical Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention.\r\n[12] Jhingan.M.L (1997) Economic Development and Planning, 35th Edition. Vrinda Publications (P) LTD.\r\n[13] Johnson, G. (2003). The Labour Market Implications of International Trade. In Handbook of Labour Economics, 3. Ed. O. Ash-enfelter and D. Card. Elsevier Science B. B.\r\n[14] Keller, 2004; The Long-Run Relationship between Outward FDI and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence for Developing Countries (Discussion Paper, No. 199). Gottingen: Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research, Georg-August University of Gottingen.\r\n[15] Khobai. H, Nwabisa.H and Clement.M (2017) The relationship between trade openness and economic growth: The case of Ghana and Nigeria. MPRA Paper No. 81317\r\n[16] Kwame.M, Ellen.A and Daniel.D (2017). Trade openness and economic growth volatility: An empirical investigation. Cogent Journal of General and Applied Economics. 5: 1385438\r\n[17] Lawrence, R.(2000) Does a Kick in the Pants Get You or Does It Just Hurt? The Impact of International Trade on Wages. University of Chicago Press, 197-224\r\n[18] Meier, G. (1995). Leading Issues in Economic Development. Oxford, University Press.\r\n[19] Mohamed. F. (2015). Trade Openness And Economic Growth In Developing Countries: An Analysis Of The Relationship After Comparing Trade Indicators. Asian Economic and Financial Review. 5(3): 468-482.\r\n[20] Mwaba, A. (2000). \u201cAccounting for The Sources of Economic Growth: The Experiences of Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania and the Sudan\u201d Unpublished Mimeo, Program in Economic Policy Management, Columbia University.\r\n[21] National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS, 2005) Report.\r\n[22] Nduka, E. K. (2013). &#8220;Openness and Economic Growth in Nigeria&#8221;:Journal of Education Practice, Enugu.2(23);45-57\r\n[23] Obadan, M.(2003) Prospects for Diversification in Nigeria\u2019s Export Trade in Annual Conference of the Nigerian Economic Society, Heinemann press, Ibadan, 33-53.\r\n[24] Ominyi, S. O. &amp; Ehoda, S. N. (2017). Foreign trade and economic growth in Nigeria. Polac International Journal of Economics and Management Science, 3(1),118-135\r\n[25] Ricardo, D. (1817), The principles of political economy and taxation, [3\u00aa Edi\u00e7\u00e3o em Portugu\u00eas: Princ\u00edpios de economia pol\u00edtica e de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkiam, Lisboa, 1983.\r\n[26] Rivera-Batiz, L. A. (1995). International Trade with Endogenous Technological Change. European Economic Review, 35, 971-1001.\r\n[27] Sakyi.G., Villaverde, J., Maza, A.,and Chittedi,K.(2010).\u201cTrade penness, rowth and Development: Evidence from Heterogeneous Panel Cointegration Analysis for Middle-Income Countries\u201d. Cuadernos de Econom\u00eda 31(57);21-40.\r\n[28] Sala-i-Martin and Subramanian, (2003) Export Growth in India: Has FDI Played a Role? Working Paper No. 816, Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.\r\n[29] Samuelson.P (1941) \u201cOpenness, Trade Liberalization, and Growth in Developing Countries,\u201d Journal of Economic Literature, 31(3):1358-1393.\r\n[30] Trefler, D., 2004. \u201cThe Long and Short of the Canada\u2010U.S. Free Trade Agreement.\u201d American Economic Review 94(4), 870\u2010895\r\n[31] Ude, D. K and Agodi, J. E. (2015). Does Trade Openness Make Sense? Investigation of Nigeria Trade Policy. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences. 4(10;12-29.\r\n[32] UNCTAD. (2001). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Key statistics and trends in international trade.\r\n[33] World Bank (2002) World Bank World Development Report ,Oxford University press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ehoda, Samuel Ngbede, Onoja, Deborah Enecheojo, Adefioye, Edumaretola Gabriel, Bisong, Anthony Ekpang , &#8220;Trade Openness and Economic Growth (A Comparative Study Between Nigeria and Ghana)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.84-93 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/84-93.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/84-93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/trade-openness-and-economic-growth-a-comparative-study-between-nigeria-and-ghana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Trade Openness and Economic Growth (A Comparative Study Between Nigeria and Ghana)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b8b76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b8d0b\" data-id=\"22b8d0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b8e42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b8e42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b8eea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b8eea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b904f\" data-id=\"22b904f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b917b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b917b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b9221 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b9221\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b9375\" data-id=\"22b9375\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b9488 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b9488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b9534 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b9534\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b9688\" data-id=\"22b9688\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b97a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b97a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b983f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b983f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b99b6\" data-id=\"22b99b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b9acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b9acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b9b6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b9b6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b9cbc\" data-id=\"22b9cbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b9dd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b9dd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22b9e72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22b9e72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22b9fec\" data-id=\"22b9fec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ba110 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ba110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Perceptions of Teachers Towards Inclusive Education: The Case of Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ali Yaaku Sumani Mohammed, Seth Badu &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 94-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ba1b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ba1b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ba353\" data-id=\"22ba353\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ba4af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22ba4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated teacher perception towards inclusive education in Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District in Upper West Region, Ghana. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. A sample of 150 teachers in the Early Childhood Education centres were selected using census and homogeneous sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data while qualitative data were analysed in themes. The study found that: most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District had a positive perception of inclusive education. It was also evident that most early childhood teachers in the Sissala East District believe that factors such as lack of teacher training; insufficient resources; limited administrative support; teachers\u2019 attitudes; large class sizes and poor building infrastructure influence their perception of inclusive education. The study concluded that teachers in early childhood centres within the Sissala East District have a positive view of inclusive education. However, variables such as a lack of teacher training, insufficient resources, limited administrative support, teachers&#8217; attitudes, large class numbers, and inadequate building infrastructure impact their perspective of inclusive education. Based on the key findings, the study recommended that teachers in early childhood centres in Sissala East District should be motivated by early childhood coordinators and headteachers to have positive perceptions of inclusive education. Again, the ministry of education should offer enough and consistent teacher support services, such as teaching assistants, and continuous professional development programmes to improve the efficacy of inclusion and minimise teacher stress.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 94-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6707<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ali Yaaku Sumani Mohammed <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Education, Tumu College of Education, PO Box 19, Tumu, Upper West Region<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Seth Badu <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood Education, University of Education, Winneba, PO Box 25, Winneba<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abate, L. 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Meaningful professional development in accommodating learners with disabilities: Lesson learned. Remedial and Special Education, 16(6), 344-353.\r\n[36] Skidmore, D. (2004). Inclusion: The dynamic of school development. Cornwall: Open University Press.\r\n[37] UNESCO (2005). Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring access to education for all. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[38] UNESCO (2008). Every learner counts: 10 questions on inclusive quality education. Retrieved 6th May, 2022 from www.unesco.org\/education.\r\n[39] UNESCO (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education: adopted by the World Conference on Special Needs Education; Access and Quality. Salamanca, Spain, 7-10 June 1994. UNESCO.\r\n[40] United Nation\u2019s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006). The United Nations standard rules on the equalisation of opportunities for persons with disabilities. New York: United Nations.\r\n[41] Watkins, A. (Ed.) (2014). Assessment in inclusive: Settings key issues for policy and practice.Odense: European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education.\r\n[42] Watkins, A., &amp; D\u2019Alessio, S. (2014). International comparisons of inclusive policy and practice: Are we talking about the same thing? Research in Comparative and International Education, 4(3), 40-53.\r\n[43] Watson, N., &amp; Welch-Ross, M. K. (2000). Measuring phenomenal accuracy: An empirical evaluation of a phenomenological method. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 13(3), 181-198.\r\n[44] Wood, P., Evans, D., &amp; Spandagou, I. (2014). Attitudes of principals towards learners with disruptive behaviour: An Australian perspective. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 38, 14-33. doi: 10.1017\/jse.2014.5\r\n[45] Zohrabi, M. (2013). Mixed-Method Research Instruments, Validity, Reliability and Reporting Findings. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3, 254-262.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ali Yaaku Sumani Mohammed, Seth Badu &#8220;Perceptions of Teachers Towards Inclusive Education: The Case of Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.94-101 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6707<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/perceptions-of-teachers-towards-inclusive-education-the-case-of-early-childhood-centres-in-sissala-east-district\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Perceptions of Teachers Towards Inclusive Education: The Case of Early Childhood Centres in Sissala East District<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bb3f3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22bb3f3\" 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22bc48c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22bc48c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bc5e7\" data-id=\"22bc5e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bc6f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22bc6f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22bc79f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22bc79f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bc916\" data-id=\"22bc916\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bca3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22bca3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The determinants of household insurance product in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chitombo Ezekiel and Kosmas Njanike &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 102-109<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22bcadf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22bcadf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bcc70\" data-id=\"22bcc70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bcdd8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22bcdd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nNoticeable challenges experienced by house owners to restore their property and belongings to original position in the event of theft and fire outbreaks results in the need to have household insurance cover. Household insurance relieves stress and brings peace of mind to the house owner as the fear of risk of future uncertainty is reduced. The study investigates the determinants of household insurance uptake in Zimbabwe.The study used data from finscope Survey 2014 to explore the determinants of household insurance in Zimbabwe. The logit model was used to estimate the determinants of household insurance. The study found out that education, income .financial advice, age and location positively affects the uptake of household insurance. Marital status and social media have a negative relationship. Household insurance can be at the same level of uptake with motor vehicle insurance if the public are advised on the importance to safe guard their homes. Government and insurers must provide a conducive environment and campaign programmes to increase the awareness of household insurance. This untapped potential market will boost the revenue base for the insurance sector. There is need to consider household insurance pricing in the future\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 102-109\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6708<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chitombo Ezekiel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kosmas Njanike <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] ACKO (2021). 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Available on https:\/\/www.fsdafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-the-Zimbabwean-insurance-sector-21.10.20.pdf\r\n[16] Garven, J. R. (2002). FOCUS On the Implications of the Internet for Insurance Markets and Institutions. Risk Management and Insurance Review 5(2):105 \u2013 116\r\n[17] Gift Dafuleya and Fiona Tregenna (2020), How effectively do households insure food consumption and assets against funeral expenses? The case of urban Zimbabwe,springer 2020\r\n[18] Gitau, B. (2013). Strategies adopted by Kenyan insurance companies to alleviate low insurance penetration. Unpublished MBA project, University of Nairobi.\r\n[19] Holton, G. A, 2004. Defining risk. Financial Analysts Journal, Volume 60. CFA Institute\r\n[20] Lee, R. and Vaughan, M. (2008), \u201cDeath and dying in the history of Africa since 1800=\u201d, Journal of African History, Vol. 49 No. 3, pp. 341-359\r\n[21] Liyan Hana, Donghui Lib, Fariborz Moshirianb and Yanhui Tian, Insurance Development and Economic Growth,The Geneva Papers, 2010, 35, (183\u2013199) r 2010 The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics 1018-5895\/10\r\n[22] Li, D., F. Moshirian, P. Nguyen, and T. Wee. 2007. The demand for life insurance in OECD countries. Journal of Risk and Insurance 74 (3): 637\u2013652.\r\n[23] Mamun, D.M.Z. (2013, April). Problems and prospects of insurance business in Bangladesh: The companies\u2019 perspective. In Fifteenth Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Risk and Insurance Association, New York: APRIA.\r\n[24] Manik, E.A., &amp; Mannan, A. (2017). An Investigation of the Awareness of the Life Insurance Among the Hawkers in Dhaka City: The Prospects of Microinsurance.European Journal of Business and Management,9(2),82\u201395\r\n[25] Mhere, F. (2013). Health insurance determinants in Zimbabwe: Case of Gweru Urban. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 14(2): 62-79.\r\n[26] Mutasa, NCS, 2015. Determinants of Life &amp; funeral Insurance Penetration &amp; density in South Africa. Available on http:\/\/scholar.sun.ac.za\r\n[27] Pinilla, J., and L\u00f3pez-Valc\u00e1rcel, B.G. (2020). Income and wealth as determinants of voluntary private health insurance: empirical evidence in Spain, 2008\u20132014. BMC Public Health 20, 1262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09362-5\r\n[28] Odemba, J, 2013. Factors affecting uptake of life insurance in Kenya. A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of master of Business administration. University of Nairobi Kenya. Pp 12-22\r\n[29] Olasehinde, N. &amp; Olaniyan, O. (2017). Determinants of household health expenditure in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(12): 1694-1709.\r\n[30] Qin, F., W. Wang, and J. He. 2016. The effect of financial literacy on household commercial insurance participation: An empirical research based on the data of China Household Finance Survey. Journal of Financial Research 436: 143\u2013158. (In Chinese).\r\n[31] Ronald J. Angel, Sonia M. Frias and Terrence D. Hill, Determinants of Household Insurance Coverage Among Low-Income Families from Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio: Evidence from the Three-City StudySocial Science Quarterly , December 2005, Vol. 86, A Special Issue: Income, Poverty, and Opportunity (December 2005), pp. 1338-1353\r\n[32] Showers, V. E., and J. A. Shotick. 1994. The effects of household characteristics on demand f Surminski, Swenja (2014) The role of insurance in reducing direct risk: the case of flood insurance. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, 7 (3-4). pp. 241-\r\n[33] 278. ISSN 1932-1473 or insurance: A tobit analysis. Journal of Risk and Insurance 3: 492\u2013502.\r\n[34] Tasnim Uddin ChowdhuryA, Review of Literature on theLife Insurance Business of Bangladesh and the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemicon the Industry, The Journal of Risk Management and Insurance,Vol. 25 No. 2 (2021)\r\n[35] Varian, H.R. (1993). Intermediate microeconomics. (3th ed.). New York, NY: Norton &amp; Company, Inc.\r\n[36] Wang, H., D. Zhang, A. Guariglia, and G. Z. Fan. 2021. \u2018Growing out of the growing pain\u2019: Financial literacy and life insurance demand in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 66: 101459.\r\n[37] Wells, B.; Epermanis, K. and Gibson, J. P. (2015). The Effect of Insurance Education on Consumer Attitudes: A Study of the Property and Casualty Industry. Journal of Financial Education Vol. 41, No. 3 (FALL 2015), pp. 47-65\r\n[38] Xiao Hu1 \u00b7 Zhengjie Wang \u00b7 Jun Liu, 2022, The impact of digital finance on household insurance purchases: evidence from micro data in China,Springer\r\n[39] Zimnat annual financial report, 2018\r\n[40] ZhaoW (2020) Effect of air pollution on household insurance purchases. Evidence from China household finance survey data. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0242282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chitombo Ezekiel and Kosmas Njanike, &#8220;The determinants of household insurance product in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.102-109 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6708<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-determinants-of-household-insurance-product-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The determinants of household insurance product in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bdf0a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22bdf0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-id=\"22be9a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22beaf9\" data-id=\"22beaf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bec04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22bec04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22becab elementor-section-boxed 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elementor-element-22befbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22befbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bf116\" data-id=\"22bf116\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf22b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22bf22b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22bf2cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22bf2cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bf42c\" data-id=\"22bf42c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf557 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22bf557\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>External Economic Shocks and Monetary Policy Tools in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato, Ph.D, Joyce Mbakosun Ayaga. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 110-119<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22bf5fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22bf5fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22bf7a8\" data-id=\"22bf7a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22bf8f8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22bf8f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the effect of external economic shocks on monetary policy tools in Nigeria for a period of 1990 to 2020. External economic shocks were measured though their passthrough variables of exchange rate (EXR), foreign direct investment (FDI), external debt (ED), and trade openness (TO); while monetary policy tools were considered in terms of broad money supply (M2), monetary policy rate (MPR) and cash reserve ratio (CRR). The Zivot and Andrews test and the Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration tests were employed to to check for stationarity (with structural breaks) and cointegration among the variables. We then applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) test to determine the effect of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results of the structural indicated that there are structural breaks accounting for the existence of shocks, while the cointegration test showed that the variables are cointegrated. The ARDL test disclosed that external economic shocks (through EXR, FDI, ED, and TO) have significant effect on monetary policy variables. This study therefore recommends that the monetary authorities should safeguard the monetary operations in Nigeria from external economic mishaps that have spillover to the country by making allowance for the external economic shocks in setting these tools and putting in place mechanisms that can make these tools resilient and resistant to the shocks<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 110-119\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6709\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6709<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato, Ph.D <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joyce Mbakosun Ayaga <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics and Development Studies, Federal University of Keshere, Gombe.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abere, S. 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(1994). Testing for an unstable root in conditional and unconditional error correction models. Journal of Econometrics, 63, 37-60.\r\n[8] CBN. (2019). The conduct of monetary policy. Retrieved on 24\/05\/2021 from: https:\/\/www.cbn.gov.ng\/MonetaryPolicy\/Conduct.asp.\r\n[9] Chami, S. C. (1998). VII External shocks, policy responses, and domestic adjustment. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved on 12\/07\/2021 from: https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/books\/084\/05013-9781557758330-en\/ch07.xml.\r\n[10] Engle, R.F., &amp; Granger, C. (1987). Cointegration and error correction representation: Estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55, 251-276.\r\n[11] Filardo, A., Ma, G. and Mihaljek, D. (2011). Exchange rates and monetary policy frameworks in EMEs. In Bank for International Settlements (2011). The influence of external factors on monetary policy frameworks and operations. Papers No 57. Monetary and Economic Department, Switzerland.\r\n[12] Georgiadis, G. (2015). 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Monetary and Economic Department, Switzerland.\r\n[17] Moreno, R. (2011). Foreign exchange market intervention in EMEs: implications for central banks. In Bank for International Settlements (2011). The influence of external factors on monetary policy frameworks and operations. Papers No 57. Monetary and Economic Department, Switzerland.\r\n[18] Nwoko, N. M., Ihemeje, J. C. and Anumadu, E. (2016). The impact of monetary policy on the economic growth of Nigeria. African Research Review, 10(3), pp. 192-206.\r\n[19] Ogbonna, C. B. (2016). Inflation, exchange rate and efficacy of monetary policy in Nigeria: The empirical evidence. Academicus &#8211; International Scientific Journal, 13, pp. 40-53.\r\n[20] Olamide, E. G. and Maredza, A. (2019). A dynamic regression panel approach to the determinants of monetary policy and economic growth: The SADC experience. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies.\r\n[21] Oluleye, F. A. and Horgan, A. A. (2019). 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The impact of monetary policy on economic activity: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, TI 2010-043\/3. https:\/\/papers.tinbergen.nl\/10043.pdf.\r\n[27] Rzigui, L. (2005). External shocks and economic fluctuations: evidence from Tunisia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA).\r\n[28] Tak\u00e1ts, E. and Villar, A. (2011). International banks, new liquidity rules and monetary policy in EMEs. In Bank for International Settlements (2011). The influence of external factors on monetary policy frameworks and operations. Papers No 57. Monetary and Economic Department, Switzerland.\r\n[29] The Economic Times. (2021). Definition of monetary policy. Retrieved on 14\/08\/2021 from https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/definition\/monetary-policy\r\n[30] Ufoeze, L. O. (2018). Effect of monetary policy on economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, 9(1), pp 123-140.\r\n[31] Zimmermann, C. (1997), International real business cycles among heterogeneous countries. European Economic Review, 41(2), pp. 319-356.\r\n[32] Zivot, E., &amp; Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3) 251-270.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Terungwa Paul Joseph Jato, Ph.D, Joyce Mbakosun Ayaga. &#8220;External Economic Shocks and Monetary Policy Tools in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.110-119 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6709<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/110-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/external-economic-shocks-and-monetary-policy-tools-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>External Economic Shocks and Monetary Policy Tools in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c07c4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22c07c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c0a63\" data-id=\"22c0a63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c0b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c0b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c0c36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c0c36\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c1288\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c13dd\" data-id=\"22c13dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c14f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c14f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c159e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c159e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c16e5\" data-id=\"22c16e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c17f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c17f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c189f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c189f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c19f2\" data-id=\"22c19f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c1b01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c1b01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c1ba8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c1ba8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c1d27\" data-id=\"22c1d27\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c1e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c1e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Citizens\u2019 Participation on Communitiy Development in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>WAMI, Chinweikpe Kevin Ph.D &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 120-125<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c1ef1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c1ef1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c2266\" data-id=\"22c2266\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c23c1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22c23c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study investigated Influence of citizens\u2019 participation on community development in Bonny local government area, Rivers State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The population of the study comprised forty (40) leaders and three hundred and seventy (370) members in 4 communities in Bonny local government area, Rivers State. The sample size for the study comprised four hundred and ten (40 leaders, and 370 members) respondents. The entire population was used as a census due to its manageable size. The instrument titled \u201cInfluence of Citizens Participation on Community Development Questionnaire \u201c(ICPCDQ)\u201d was used for data collection. The ICPCDQ questionnaire was structured using the four point Likert rating scale response pattern of Strongly Agree (SA) = 4points, Agreed (A)= 3points, Disagree (D) = 2points, and Strongly Disagree (SD) = 1point. The researcher employed the face and content validity methods and established a reliability of the instrument through the test-retest technique. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Statistics was used to arrive at a reliability index of 0.80. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions, while Z-test statistics was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study found among others, that leaders and members agreed that citizens\u2019 participation in planning school building projects influence community development in Port Harcourt Local Government Area, Rivers State; there is no significant difference in the mean responses of leaders and members of community-based organization on ways citizens\u2019 participation in monitoring and evaluation of rural road projects influences community development in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State. It was concluded that the participation of citizens in community development such as school buildings and road construction influenced community development. It was recommended among others that government and development agencies engaged in building schools in rural community should engage citizens actively in the projects as this will build their capacities and confidence to engage in other community development programme\/projects themselves\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 120-125\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>WAMI, Chinweikpe Kevin Ph.D <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Adult Education &amp; Community Development, Faculty of Education, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adekola, Taylor, &amp; Wami (2021). Community education strategies for control of contagious diseases in Rivers State, Nigeria. British Journal of Education. Vol. 9(5), 11 \u2013 21, 2021.\r\n[2] Barikor, C. N. (2003). Contemporary Issues in Community Development Education: A Field Workers note. (Monograph) University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt.\r\n[3] Ezimah, M. O. A. (2004). Knowing adult education, its nature. Scope and process. Nigeria, Springfield Publishers ltd.\r\n[4] Hornby, A. S. (2004). Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary. Oxford: University Press.\r\n[5] Imhabekhai, C. I. (2009). Management of Community Development Programmes and Projects. Benin City: Uniben Press.\r\n[6] Kobani, D., &amp; Alozie. K. (2015). Essentials of community development in Nigeria. Published in Nigeria by Beauty Koncepts.\r\n[7] Ojuah, M. U. (2012). Survey of the contributions of age grade associations to community development in Orlu senatorial zone of Imo State of Nigeria. International Journal of Adult Education and Lifelong learning, 1(1), 156-167.\r\n[8] Onyenemezu, E. C. (2008). Impact of Leadership styles on Community Development in Six selected L.G. A\u2019s in Imo State. Unpublished PhD dissertation: University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt.\r\n[9] Onyenemezu, E.C., &amp; Aduvo, R. (2014). Utilization of adult continuing education programmes for sustainable national development. International Journal of Development and Emerging Economics. 2(1), 1-7.\r\n[10] Onyeozu, A. M. (2007). Understanding community development. Port Harcourt: Davidstone Publishers.\r\n[11] Oyebamiji, M. A., &amp; Adekola, G. (2008). Fundamentals of community development in Nigeria. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press.\r\n[12] Nzeneri, I. S. (2008). Adult education, methods and materials. Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt Press.\r\n[13] United Nations Department of Labour (2013). Community development and participation. Dol.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-12\r\n[14] Wami, K. C., Deekor, H. L., &amp; Nwafor, N. H. A (2021). Influence of Adult Education Programmes on Political Development of Rivers State. Rivers State University Journal of Education (RSUJOE, Vol 22 (1&amp;2): 165-176.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">WAMI, Chinweikpe Kevin Ph.D, &#8220;Influence of Citizens\u2019 Participation on Communitiy Development in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.120-125 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/120-125.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/120-125.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-citizens-participation-on-communitiy-development-in-bonny-local-government-area-rivers-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Citizens\u2019 Participation on Communitiy Development in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c3253 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22c3253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c332f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c332f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c34c4\" data-id=\"22c34c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c35f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c35f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c369b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c369b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c37f7\" data-id=\"22c37f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c391f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c391f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c39c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c39c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c3b1c\" data-id=\"22c3b1c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c3c35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c3c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c3ce3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c3ce3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c3e2b\" data-id=\"22c3e2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c3f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c3f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c3fde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c3fde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c4154\" data-id=\"22c4154\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c4262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c4262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c4306 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c4306\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c4460\" data-id=\"22c4460\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c4592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c4592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c4649 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c4649\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c47ee\" data-id=\"22c47ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c4923 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c4923\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Phenomenological Research on the Values Systems of the Indonesian Traditional Herb Consumer<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sandi Lenandi Soetrisno Lasmono &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 126-132<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c49cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c49cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c4b5c\" data-id=\"22c4b5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c4e29 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22c4e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Healthy life patterns are essential for human beings. Some Indonesians maintain a healthy life pattern by consuming Indonesian traditional herbs called jamu. The research aims to investigate and explore the attitudes of Indonesian traditional herbal consumers. It is qualitative research with an interpretive paradigm using the phenomenological research design. The informants were chosen purposively with the main criteria: Javanese consumers who regularly consume jamu. The data collection uses in-depth interviews. Then, the collected data is analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis model. The data was validated communicatively, argumentatively, and ecologically. Results of the research stated that the behavior of consuming jamu has been constructed from the habit inherited from generation to generation, from the culture tightly attached to consumers&#8217; self-concept, and from the product characteristics consisting of the product design, product composition, and safety in consuming such product. The values attached to a culture are essential in forming the consumer attitude. Social norms have a significant influence on the formation of behavior. Parents and colleagues become the individuals introducing jamu through the provision of information, knowledge, and advice. The parents\u2019 knowledge of the efficacy of Indonesian traditional herbs plays an essential role in understanding the next generation of Indonesian traditional herbs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 126-132\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sandi Lenandi Soetrisno Lasmono <\/strong>\r\nEntrepreneurship, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abubakar, R. (2005). Effect of Marketing Mix Implementation on Consumer Purchasing Decision Processes on Herbs in Banda Aceh. Journal of Science and Use of Industrial Engineering Systems 4 (52), 58-66 (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[2] Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Eds.: T. Manstead. Second Edition. New York: Open University Press.\r\n[3] Al-Swidi, A., Mohammed Rafiul Huque, S., Haroon Hafeez, M., &amp; Noor Mohd Shariff, M. (2014). The Role of Subjective Norms in the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Context of Organic Food Consumption. British Food Journal 116 (10), 1561\u20131580.\r\n[4] Ardhanari, E. (2013). Consumer Behavior of Mataraman Javanese People. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[5] Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. E., &amp; Branscombe, N. R. (2006). Social Psychology. Pearson\/Allyn &amp; Bacon.\r\n[6] Central Bureau of Statistics Surabaya. (2016). Percentage of Population Self-treated during the Past Month According to Province and Types of Medicine Used during the Year 2002-2014. Surabaya: Central Bureau of Statistics (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[7] Eagly, A. H., &amp; Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.\r\n[8] Hermawan, B. (2011). The Effect of Product Quality on Satisfaction, Brand Reputation, and Consumer Loyalty of Tolak Angin PT. Sidomuncul, Journal of Management &#8211; Theory and Applied 4 (2), 9\u201317 (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[9] Hsu, S.-Y., Chang, C.-C., &amp; Lin, T. T. (2016). An Analysis of Purchase Intentions toward Organic Food on Health Consciousness and Food Safety with\/under Structural Equation Modeling. British Food Journal 118 (1), 200\u2013216.\r\n[10] Jatman, D. (2000). Psychology of Java (Second Edition). Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[11] Kim, J., Forsythe, S., Gu, Q., &amp; Jae Moon, S. (2002). Cross-Cultural Consumer Values, Needs, and Purchase Behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing 19 (6), 481\u2013502.\r\n[12] Koentjaraningrat. (1990). Javanese Culture (Second Edition). Singapore: Oxford University Press.\r\n[13] Kraus, A. (2015). Factors Influencing the Decisions to Buy and Consume Functional Food. British Food Journal 117 (6), 1622\u20131636.\r\n[14] Maio, G., &amp; Haddock, G. (2009). Why Do Attitude Matter?\u201d, in The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change. University of North Carolina: SAGE Knowledge\r\n[15] Mangkunegara, A. P. (2002). Consumer Behavior (Revised). Bandung: Refika Aditama.\r\n[16] Mulders, N. (1985). Person and Community in Java. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[17] Muljani, N., &amp; Susanti, C. E. (2011). Effect of Product Image and Satisfaction on Consumer Loyalty in Herbal Medicine in Surabaya. In: Enhancing Indonesia\u2019s Competitive Advantage in The Global Economy. Salatiga: Tisara Grafik, 2\u201315.\r\n[18] Murdopo. (2014). Traditional Herb Medicine. Export News 2, September (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[19] Rahmawati, A., &amp; Sudarso, I. (2013). Promotion Mix Analysis of Herbal Products with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Cluster Analysis Approach, Paper Presented at the National Seminar on Technology Management XVII, ITS, Surabaya (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[20] Sarwono, S. W., &amp; Meinarno, E. A. (2009). Social Psychology. (E. W. Meinarno, Ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Humanika (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[21] Schiffman, L. G., &amp; Kanuk, L. L. (2008). Consumer Behavior. Eds.: B. Sarwiji, Seventh Edition, Jakarta: Indeks (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[22] Setiadi, N. J. (2003). Consumer Behavior: Concepts and Implications for Marketing Strategy and Research. Jakarta: Prenada Media (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[23] Shah Alam, S., &amp; Mohamed Sayuti, N. (2011). Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in Halal Food Purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management 21 (1), 8-20.\r\n[24] Sternberg, R., &amp; Jordan, J. (2005). A Handbook of Wisdom: Psychological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.\r\n[25] Sumarwan, U. (2011). Consumer Behavior: Theory and Its Application to Marketing. Eds.: R. Sikumbang, Second Edition. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia (Original Version in Indonesia Language).\r\n[26] Tarkiainen, A., &amp; Sundqvist, S. (2005). Subjective Norms, Attitudes, and Intentions of Finnish Consumers in Buying Organic Food. British Food Journal 107 (11), 808\u2013822.\r\n[27] Teng, C.-C., &amp; Wang, Y.-M. (2015). Decisional Factors Driving Organic Food Consumption. British Food Journal 117 (3), 1066\u20131081.\r\n[28] Trochim, W. M., &amp; Donnelly, J. P. (2008). The Research Methods Knowledge-Based. Eds.: K. Leonard. Mason: Cengage Learning.\r\n[29] Zanna, M. P., &amp; Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: A New Look at an Old Concept. In: D. Bar-Tal &amp; A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Knowledge. New York: Cambridge University Press, 315-334.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sandi Lenandi Soetrisno Lasmono &#8220;Phenomenological Research on the Values Systems of the Indonesian Traditional Herb Consumer&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.126-132 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/126-132.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/126-132.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/phenomenological-research-on-the-values-systems-of-the-indonesian-traditional-herb-consumer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Phenomenological Research on the Values Systems of the Indonesian Traditional Herb Consumer<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c5d2b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22c5d2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c5dfe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c5dfe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c62dd\" data-id=\"22c62dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c640a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c640a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c64b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c64b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c660f\" data-id=\"22c660f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c671f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c671f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c67c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c67c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c691a\" data-id=\"22c691a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c6a30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c6a30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c6ace elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c6ace\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c6c2e\" data-id=\"22c6c2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c6d3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c6d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c6ddf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c6ddf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c6f2e\" data-id=\"22c6f2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c7048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c7048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c70e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c70e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c725e\" data-id=\"22c725e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c737b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c737b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Correlation of Smartphone Usage and Academic Interest among College Students in St Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ludevina F. Quibuen, Ericka Del Rosario, Jovanne Tapia, Julz Michael Escobar, Sandy Genovia, Jhon Brian Cantil &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 133-141<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c742c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c742c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c75b2\" data-id=\"22c75b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c7814 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22c7814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThere has been a lot of research done on smartphone use among college students. Although various research have been conducted to investigate the links between mobile phone use and academic ability, the results have been varied. As a result, the primary purpose of this study was to completely synthesize existing research to evaluate the relationship between smartphone usage and Academic Interest among college students at St. Mary&#8217;s College of Bansalan Inc. During the data collection phase of this investigation, two adapted questionnaires were used. The survey was digitally conducted to 100 college students in five different SMCBI courses, namely BSIT, BSHM, BSBA, BSED, and BEED, using the Google Forms program. A statistician analyzed and interpreted the acquired data. The interpreted data were presented and discussed further by the researchers in a concise manner.\r\nThe survey results showed that the level of Smartphone usage is high and that the level academic interest is also high. There is no\r\nsignificant difference on the level of both of Smartphone Usage and Academic Interest when grouped according to Gender, Age Group, Year Level and Program.That the relationship between variables, Smartphone Usage and Academic Interest has an r=523, which implies that it has Moderate Positive Relationship\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 133-141\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6710\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6710<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ludevina F. Quibuen <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ericka Del Rosario <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jovanne Tapia<\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Julz Michael Escobar <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sandy Genovia <\/strong><\/span>\r\nStudent, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jhon Brian Cantil <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProgram Head, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. J. Cook, &#8220;Smartphone History: From the First Smartphone to Today,&#8221; December 17, 2021.\r\n[2]. A. B. N. H. J. Hafidha Suleiman Al-Barashdi, &#8220;Smartphone Addiction among University,&#8221; Journal of Scientific Research &amp; Reports, vol. 4(3): , no. ISSN: 2320-0227, pp. 210-225, 2015.\r\n[3]. A. C. K. Paul A. Kirschner, Running head: FACEBOOK\u00ae AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, Open University of the Netherlands, The Ohio State University, 2021.\r\n[4]. A. I. M. ,. Y. U. H. T. A. Haruna Rabiu, &#8220;Impact Of Mobile Phone Usage On Academic Performance Among Secondary School Students In Taraba State, Nigeria,&#8221; ESJ January Edition , vol. 12, p. 1, 2016.\r\n[5]. A. A. Gideon, &#8221; Influence of Time-on-phone on undergraduates academic achievement in,&#8221; American Journal of Educational Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 564 &#8211; 567, 2017.\r\n[6]. B. M. A. &amp;. N. A. Woodcock, &#8220;Considering the smartphone learner: an investigation into student interest in the use of personal technology to enhance their learning,&#8221; Student Engagement and Experience Journal,, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1 &#8211; 15, 2012.\r\n[7]. M. Kumar, &#8220;Impact of the evolution of smartphones in education technology and its application in technical and professional studies: Indian perspective,&#8221; International Journal of Managing, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 39 &#8211; 49, 2011.\r\n[8]. M. N. ,. I. A. Boateng Richard, &#8220;Smartphone Addictions: A Review of Themes, Theories and Future Research,&#8221; January 2020.\r\n[9]. U. Bronfenbrenner, &#8220;The ecology of human development: Experiments,&#8221; in Harvard University Press , 1979.\r\n[10]. N. Darko-Adjei, &#8220;THE USE AND EFFECT OF SMARTPHONES IN STUDENTS\u2019 LEARNING ACTIVITIES:EVIDENCE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON.,&#8221; Library Philosophy and Practice (e- journal), 2019.\r\n[11]. R. Bennett, SMARTPHONE USAGE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, Milligan College, 2020.\r\n[12]. J. Mazer, &#8220;Validity of the student interest and engagement scales,&#8221; Communication Studies , vol. 64, pp. 125-140, 2013.\r\n[13]. C. J. O. R. E. J. L. M. Aldenese, &#8220;Relationship of Sociality in Multiplayer Online Games and Academic Interest among Senior High School Students of St. Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan, Inc,&#8221; International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, vol. 4, no. 3, May-June 2021.\r\n[14]. P. A. Alexander, &#8220;Mapping the multidimensional nature of domain learning: The interplay of cognitive, motivational, and strategic forces,&#8221; vol. 10, pp. 213-250, 1997.\r\n[15]. J. Dudovskiy, &#8220;Convenience Sampling Business Researxg methodology,&#8221; 2011.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ludevina F. Quibuen, Ericka Del Rosario, Jovanne Tapia, Julz Michael Escobar, Sandy Genovia, Jhon Brian Cantil , &#8220;Correlation of Smartphone Usage and Academic Interest among College Students in St Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.133-141 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6710<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/133-141.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/correlation-of-smartphone-usage-and-academic-interest-among-college-students-in-st-marys-college-of-bansalan-inc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Correlation of Smartphone Usage and Academic Interest among College Students in St Mary\u2019s College of Bansalan Inc.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c8704 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22c8704\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c87ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c87ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c8978\" data-id=\"22c8978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c8ab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c8ab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c8b54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c8b54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c8cbe\" data-id=\"22c8cbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-22c92ef\" data-id=\"22c92ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c9406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c9406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c94a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c94a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c9909\" data-id=\"22c9909\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c9a18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c9a18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c9ac1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c9ac1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c9c3a\" data-id=\"22c9c3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c9d5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c9d5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Traffic congestion and demand management measures in Port Harcourt metropolis<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Agaviezor, D.T., Emenike*, G.C. and Eludoyin O.S. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 142-151<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22c9df9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22c9df9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22c9f81\" data-id=\"22c9f81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ca0c9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22ca0c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Traffic congestion has been a hard bone to chew in our major cities in Nigeria today. Port Harcourt metropolis has its own share of traffic congestion. This study investigated traffic congestion and demand management measures in Port Harcourt metropolis. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. 400 structured questionnaires were distributed among all road users comprising driver (private and commercial) passengers, pedestrians, traffic officers in the six traffic zones in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. A traffic count at peak periods of the day was employed to obtain estimated population figures for all road users in the selected route for the study. The sample size of 400 was distributed in four selected route traffic zone 1, 4. 5 and 6, while 66 were distributed among the remaining delineated route traffic 2 and 3. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the study. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. The result from the study showed that 36.8% of the respondents made very early trips between 6-7am. Also, 53.7% of the respondents usually engage in private trips, while the remaining 46.3% uses public vehicles. The major causes of traffic congestion were non-functional traffic light (35.5%), vehicle accidents &#8211; especially trailer accidents that impedes traffic flow (15%), overcrowding- use of too many cars on the road (14.7%), road capacity (11.3%), bad roads (1.3%), drivers\u2019 attitude (3.2%) and lack of alternative route (18.9%). Major challenges of transport management in Port Harcourt were poor town planning (58.7%), inefficient enforcement of planning policies (70.8%), inefficient transport management system (62.9%), lack of maintenance of traffic light (69.5%), poor training of drivers (52.6%) and poorly built roads (46.6%). It is therefore recommended that measures to avert or ameliorate the constraints are provision of adequate feeder routes, improved traffic light system, training of prospective drivers, extension of roads and putting in place adequate transport management measures.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 142-151\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agaviezor, D.T. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emenike, G.C. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eludoyin O.S. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Aderanmo, A. J. and Atomo, T. I. (2011). Traffic congestion at Road intersection in Ilorin, Nigeria, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9), 1439-1448.\r\n[2] Aderanmo, A.J. (2012). Urban transportation problems and challenges in Nigeria &#8211; A planners\u2019 view? Prime research on education (PRE), 2 (3): 198-203.\r\n[3] Amiegbebhor, D. (2018). Most significant causes of traffic congestion in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria, International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection 6(6)8-17\r\n[4] Brendan, K. (2010). GTA&#8217;s worst routes: Highway 401. Toronto Star. www.en.wikipedia.org Retrieved 2018-03-08\r\n[5] Chibuzor, O.K. {2011). Index analysis of the causes of vehicular traffic congestion in south- Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends In Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(6) pp.926.\r\n[6] Chwia\u0142kowski, C.; Zydro N, A. (2022,). The Impact of Urban Public Transport on Residential Transaction Prices: A Case Study of Pozna \u00b4n, Poland. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 11, 74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ ijgi11020074\r\n[7] Duranton, G., and Turner, M.A. (2011). The Fundamental Law of Road Congestion: Evidence from U.S. Cities. American Economic Review. 101 (6): 2616\u201352\r\n[8] Emenike, G. A. and Ibezi, P. (2017). Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Road Network of Selected Major Routes in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria, World Journal of Research and Review (WJRR) 4(4): 20-23\r\n[9] Fadairo, G. (2013). Traffic Congestion in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria: Using Federal University of Technology Akure Road as a case study, International Journal of Arts and Commerce 2(5):67-76\r\n[10] Obinna C. (2016): Road Traffic in Port Harcourt. Tide News Paper. Available at http:\/\/www.thetidenewsonline.com\/2016\/01\/13\/road-traffic-problem-in-ph Accessed on 14\/03\/2022\r\n[11] Olagunju (2015). Evaluating traffic congestion in developing countries. A case study of Nigeria. A paper presented at the 2015 at the 2015 chartered institute of logistics and transport (CILT). Africa forum held at Mount Meru Hotel Asusha, Tanzania (pp. 1-28).\r\n[12] Onokala, P.C (2008). Contribution of Road transportation to Environmental Degradation in Nigerian Urban Centres. A critical Analysis. Annual Conference on public Transportation at the Lagos Sheraton Hotels as Towers Ikeja. Pp 1-3\r\n[13] Owolabi, A. O. and Ojuri, O.O. 2004. An analysis of traffic volume and parking in the Central Area of Akure, International Journal of Transportation Studies 1(2):40-47.\r\n[14] Popoola, M. O, Abiola S.O and Adeniji W,A.R (2013). Traffic congestion on highways in Nigeria, causes, effects and remedies, International Journal of civil, Architectural Science and Engineering. 7(110. Pp.528.\r\n[15] Riad, E. and Shabana C. (2012). Real Time Route for Dynamic Road Congestions, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9 (3) 423-428.\r\n[16] Schmidt, C.O. and Kohlmann, T. (2008) When to use the odds ratio or the relative risk? International Journal of Public Health, 53, 165-167.\r\n[17] Ukpata J.O and Etika A.A , (2012) Traffic congestion in major cities of Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2, 1433-1438.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Agaviezor, D.T., Emenike*, G.C. and Eludoyin O.S. &#8220;Traffic congestion and demand management measures in Port Harcourt metropolis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.142-151 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/142-151.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/142-151.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/traffic-congestion-and-demand-management-measures-in-port-harcourt-metropolis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Traffic congestion and demand management measures in Port Harcourt metropolis<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cb150 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22cb150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cbbe8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cbd38\" data-id=\"22cbd38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cbe55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cbe55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cbef3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cbef3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cc05f\" data-id=\"22cc05f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cc179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cc179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cc21e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cc21e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cc37d\" data-id=\"22cc37d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cc49b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cc49b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cc547 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cc547\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cc6b4\" data-id=\"22cc6b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cc7f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cc7f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessing Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Garch Model Approach<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Okosu, Napoleon David &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 152-163<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cc89e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cc89e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cca55\" data-id=\"22cca55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ccbef elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22ccbef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3645\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3641\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3641\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study has examined the impact of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Nigeria from the year 1981 to the year 2020. The study adopted secondary data (i.e. time series) obtained from World Bank National Account data and Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Statistical Bulletins, subjecting them to statistical analysis for relevant inferences to be made. Five variables were used in the study which were Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GRGDP), Exchange Rate Volatility (EXRV), Balance of Trade (BOT), Oil Price (OILP) and Inflation (INF) Rate. The variables were subjected to unit root test and they were stationary at different order of I(0) and I(1). Since the Variables were not all stationary at level but a mixed series, the ARDL bound test of cointegration was used to test for cointegration among them. Using the bound test, the variables were found to be cointegrated at 1% level of significance. The ARDL result indicated that; Exchange rate volatility has a significant impact on economic growth, with the impact being negative. In addition, other economic variables such as inflation has a negative and significant impact on economic growth while oil price have a positive and significant impact on economic growth. On the other hand, BOT has a positive effect on growth but the impact was significant at the 10 percent level. From the findings the study recommended that foreign exchange market should be well monitored with a view to ensuring that only ventures that would engender value added production in the real sector and export-oriented businesses should have more access. This will help to increase the value of the naira against major world currencies.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 152-163\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6711<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3642\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3642\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okosu, Napoleon David <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Veritas University, Abuja FCT- Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3643\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3643\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abubakar, Z., Haruna, M. A. &amp; Ahmed, B. A. (2014). The Role of Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC) in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria, European Scientific Journal, 8(7).\r\n[2] Adenekan, A. T., Sanni, G. K. and Itodo, A. I. (2019). Investigating the Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Naira Exchange Rate in Nigeria . Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review Volume 57\/3 September 2019\r\n[3] Adeniran, A., Yusuf, A. and Adeyemi, O. (2016). Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic and Social Research, (3), 1- 4\r\n[4] Akintola, M and Lawal, O. (2014). Exchange Rate Variability and Investment in Nigeria, Revisiting the Case for Flexible Exchange Rates: Journal of economics Volume 5.\r\n[5] Aliyu, O. (2013) \u2018Does Devaluation Hurt Private Investment?\u2019, PPR Working Paper Series, No. 418, World Bank.\r\n[6] Aminu, U. &amp; Anono, A. Z. (2014). An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Unemployment and Inflation in Nigeria from 1977-2009. 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Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Turkey. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. V, Issue 7.\r\n[13] Cassel, M. (1918). Exchange Rate and Domestic Price Effects. London Publisher United Kingdom.\r\n[14] Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) (2020). Statistical Bulletin @ www.CBN.ng\/Statistics_Statistical_Bulletin.\r\n[15] Chang-Shuai, L. &amp; Zi-Juan, L. (2014). Study on the Relationship among Chinese Unemployment Rate, Economic Growth and Inflation. Advances in Applied Economics and Finance, 1(1). World Science Publishers, United States.\r\n[16] Dada, M. and Oyeranti, O. (2014). \u201cThe Impact of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on the Level of Investment\u201d, The Economic Journal, 109:55-67.\r\n[17] Danmola, O. (2015) \u2018Does Devaluation Hurt Private Investment?\u2019, PPR Working Paper Series, No. 418, World Bank.\r\n[18] Daferighe, E. &amp; Charlie S. S. (2014). The Impact of Inflation on Stock Market Performance in Nigeria. American Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 3(2), 76-82.\r\n[19] Darrat, M. and Haj, P. (2002). ARCH\/GARCH Models in Econometrics, Journal of Economics Perspectives, Vol. 15, No.4, Pg. 157-168.\r\n[20] Dahiru A. B. and Asemota, J. O. (2015). Exchange\u2013Rates Volatility in Nigeria: Application of GARCH Models with Exogenous Break. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics Vol.4 No.1 (June, 2013) 89.\r\n[21] Ebaidalla, M. E. (2015). Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Macroeconomic Performance in Sudan. The Economic Research Forum Working Paper 789 October 2013.\r\n[22] Ehinomen, M. and Oladipo, O. (2016). \u201cThe Impact of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on the Level of Investment\u201d, The Economic Journal, 109:55-67.\r\n[23] Fahrettin, B. A. (2013). Economical Determinants of Domestic Investment. European Scientific Journal, 8(7).\r\n[24] Farhana, M. and Nushrat, N. (2017), \u2018A New Look at Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows\u2019, IMF Occasional Paper No. 235.\r\n[25] Fernandes-Villaverde, A., Chou, M. and Kroner, S. (2017). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. J. Econometrica. 226, 117\u2013217.\r\n[26] Gadanecz, A. and Mehrotra, L. (2015). Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic and Social Research, (3), 1- 4\r\n[27] Ganesh, A, I., Moses, L. and Musyoki, M. C. (2014). Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. V, Issue 6,\r\n[28] Hazem, B. A., Gassan, S. A. &amp; Samer, M. A. (2014). Economical Determinants of Domestic Investment. European Scientific Journal, 8(7).\r\n[29] Ismaila, O.B. (2018) \u201cExchange Rate Uncertainty and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria\u201d, Trade Policy Research and Training Programme (TPRTP), University of Ibadan, Nigeria.\r\n[30] Iyeli, i. and Utting, C. (2019). Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. V, Issue 7,\r\n[31] Kanu S.I and Nwadiubu A. (2020). \u201cExchange Rate Volatility and International\r\n[32] Trade in Nigeria, International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration2020, vol. 6, issue 5, 56-72\r\n[33] Mbuyi, K; Kato-Kale, C; Ntumba, C.M &amp; Mpebale E.I (2022). \u201cExchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Allegra\u201d Modern Economy, 2022, 13, 729-746 https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\r\n[34] Mirchandani, N. (2015), \u201cInvestment in Manufacturing, Exchange Rates and External Exposure\u201d. Journal of International Economics, N. 38, 297 &#8211; 320.\r\n[35] Mori, A., Asid, A., Lily, K. and Loganathan, O. (2014). Exchange Rate and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic and Social Research, (3), 1- 4\r\n[36] Morina, F., Hysa, E., Ergu, U., Panait, M., &amp; Voica, M.C (2020). The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth: Case of the CEE Countries. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2020, (13), 177\r\n[37] Muhammad, S. (2016). Effect of Inflation and Unemployment on Economic Growth in Pakistan. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(15).\r\n[38] Musyoki, M. F., Pokhariyal, M. and Pundo, A. (2014) \u201cEconomic Growth, Exchange Rate Variability and Inflation\u201d, International Economic Review, 36:855-873.\r\n[39] Ngerebo, A. A. and Ibe, F. (2015), Price, Exchange Rate Volatility and Nigeria\u2019s Agricultural Trade Flows: A Dynamic Analysis. AERC Research Paper 87 African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi.\r\n[40] Okorontah, C. F. &amp; Odoemena, I. U. (2016). 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(2014). Monetary Policy, Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate in Nigeria. A Cointegration and Error Multivariate Vector Error Correction Model Approach. Journal of Applied Science, Vol, 22. Pp 34-60\r\n[47] Plante, M. and Thrum, J. (2014). ARCH\/GARCH Modelling in Time series. Econometrica 31, 307\u2013327.\r\n[48] Poon, M. H. (2003). Estimating Long-run Relationships from Dynamic Heterogenous Panels, Journal of Econometrics 68, 79\u2013113.\r\n[49] Rafindadi, A. S. (2014). Macroeconomic Policy, Output and Unemployment Dynamics in Nigeria: Is there Evidence of Jobless Growth? Paper Presented at the 53th Annual Conference Of The Nigerian Economic Society On \u2018\u2018Youth Employment And EXRerty Reduction In Nigeria\u2019\u2019. NICON Luxury Hotel, Abuja.\r\n[50] Rasaq, M. (2014). \u201cThe Impact of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on the Level of Investment\u201d, The Economic Journal, 109:55-67.\r\n[51] Safdari, M. &amp; Soleymani M. (2013). The Long Run Relationship between Interest Rated and Inflation in Iran: Revisiting Fisher\u2019s Hypothesis. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 3(14), 705-714.\r\n[52] Shiller, I. and Radikoko, I. (2016). This study tests the validity of the weak-form EMH on the Canadian TSX equity market using seven Companies. Journal of Applied Economics, Volume 4 PP 44-90.\r\n[53] Silas, A. and Matas, L. (2018). Exchange Rate Volatility and Macroeconomic Performance. Journal of Applied Economic, (13), 111-135\r\n[54] Tarawalie, A. Robinson, P., Allan, K. (2014). Exchange rate Alignment and Trade. National Economic Review. pp 55-60.\r\n[55] Ubah, I. (2016). Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic and Social Research, (3), 1- 4\r\n[56] Ufoeze, L. O., Okuma, C. N., Nwakoby, C. &amp; Alajekwu, U. B. (2018). Effect of Foreign exchange rate fluctuations on Nigerian economy, Annals of Spiru Haret University Economic Series, Issue 1, 105-122.\r\n[57] Umaru, H., Niyi, A. and Osagie, N. (2019). The Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth of West African English-Speaking Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Vol. 8, No.4, October 2018, pp. 131\u2013143\r\n[58] Virendra, A. (2013). Exchange Rate Volatility and Macroeconomic Performance. Journal of Applied Economic, (13), 111-135\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3644\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3644\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Okosu, Napoleon David, &#8220;Assessing Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Garch Model Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.152-163 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6711<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3645\" 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(HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3646\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3646\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessing-exchange-rate-volatility-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria-a-garch-model-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessing Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Garch Model Approach<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cdc27 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22cdc27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cf167 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cf167\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cf2e1\" data-id=\"22cf2e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cf417 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cf417\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>When The Pasture Is <i>Greenless<\/i>: Nigeria, Libya and the Return of Slave Trade in Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Akpan, Nse Etim, Ph.D, Nnorom, Kingsley, Ph.D &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 164-173<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22cf4c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22cf4c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22cf658\" data-id=\"22cf658\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cf7ae elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22cf7ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There has been a serious apprehension about Nigerian youths leaving the country in search of the proverbial greener pastures. Similarly, a fundamental shift in migration patterns occurred when the routes through Libya, long used by economic migrants making their way to Europe, became formalized as highway for modern slave trade. This paper adopts a qualitative research design with reliance on secondary sources of data and argues that Nigerians have been trafficked into slavery either in the transit country as Libya or the country of destination mostly in Europe. It observed that there seem to be a failure of expectations from Nigerians who on arrival in these countries realize that the pasture is no longer green as they are sold out as slaves, used for sex labor or thrown into torture chambers on accusation of irregular migration. The paper discovers that there are syndicates and cartels responsible for this illicit trade while a lot of money is made through the conduits used to lure these youths into the illegal business. It equally uncovers that a mere securitization of migration through fences and push-backs will not stop the flow of Nigerians as the Libyan economy seems to benefit from the money made from irregular migrants. The paper concludes that there is need for proper collaboration and intensification of action by the Nigerian and Libyan governments to arrest this ugly trend.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 164-173\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akpan, Nse Etim, Ph.D <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nnorom, Kingsley, Ph.D <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adepoju, A. 2016, Migration Dynamics, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, Geneva: UNHCR.\r\n[2] Attiah, K. 2017, Angry about the Slave Trade in Libya? Spare some Anger for Europe, The Washington Post. 14 December.\r\n[3] Berry, J., Poortinga, Y. &amp; Segall, M. et al., 1992, Cross Cultural Psychology: Research and Applications,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[4] Bhugra, D. 2001, Acculturation, Cultural Identity and Mental Health. In D. Bhugra &amp; R. Cochrane eds. Psychiatry in Multicultural Britain. London: Gaskell, pp. 112\u2013136.\r\n[5] Bhugra, D. 2004, Migration, Distress and Cultural Identity, London: Institute of Psychiatry.\r\n[6] Cassarino, J. P. 2004, Theorizing Return Migration: The Conceptual Approach to Return Migrants Revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies (IJMS), 6(2), pp. 253-279.\r\n[7] Clark, W.A. 1972, Travels and Explorations in Yorubaland, 1854-1858. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press, p.264.\r\n[8] Egbuta, U. 2019, The Migrant Crisis in Libya and the Nigerian Experience. ACCORD, June 24.\r\n[9] Ekong, E. E. 2003, An Introduction to Rural Sociology. Uyo, Nigeria: Dove Educational Publishers, p.2.\r\n[10] Elbagir, N., Razek, R., Platt, A. and Jones, B., 2017, People for Sale: Where Lives are Auctioned for $400, CNN, (http:\/\/edition.cnn\/2017\/africa\/libya-migrant). 18th October 2019.\r\n[11] Faist, T. 2000, The Volumes and Dynamics of International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces, Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[12] Farley, A. 2018, The New Slave Trade: Migration, Trafficking and Terrorists in Libya, Environmental Change and Security Program (ECSP) Newsletter, Wilson Center, August 29.\r\n[13] Huzdik, K. 2014, Migration Potential and Affecting Factors in Hungary in the First Decade of the 21st century. Doctoral Thesis presented to the School of Management and Business Administration, Szent Istv\u00e1n University, Hungary.\r\n[14] Iwuoha, V.C. 2018, Foreign Policy Responses to Regular Migration and Return of Slave Trade in Africa: Nigeria and Libya in Perspective, 2010-2017. Paper presented at 31st Annual Conference of the Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA), at the Department of Political Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, 26-29 March.\r\n[15] Lucas, R. E., &amp; Stark, O., 1985, Motivations to Remit: Evidence from Botswana. The Journal of Political Economy, 93 (5), pp. 901-918.\r\n[16] Massey, D. S. et al. 1993, Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19 (3), pp. 431-466.\r\n[17] Osoba, S.O. 1969, The Phenomenon of Labor Migration in the Era of British Colonial Rule: A Neglected Aspect of Nigeria\u2019s Social History. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. iv, No.4, June, pp.515-516.\r\n[18] Sherlock, R., 2018, Migrants Captured in Libya Say They End Up Sold as Slaves. NPR News, (https:\/\/www.npr.org). 12 December 2019.\r\n[19] Smith, B., 2017, \u2018They Sell Africans Over There: Libya\u2019s Slave Trade, Al Jazeera, November 28.\r\n[20] Stark, O. 2003, Tales of Migration without Wage Differentials: Individual, Family, and Community Contexts, Paper prepared for Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4-7 June.\r\n[21] Stark, O. ed., 1984, Migration Decision Making. New York: Pergamon\r\n[22] Stark, O., &amp; Levhari, D., 1982, On Migration and Risk in LDCs. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 31 (1), pp. 191-196.\r\n[23] Stark, O., 1991, Migration in LDCs: Risk, Remittances, and the Family. Retrieved from (http:\/\/www.unrisd.org) . 13th December, 2019.\r\n[24] Taylor, E. J., 1999, The New Economics of Labor Migration and the Role of Remittances in the Migration Process. International migration, 37(1), pp. 63-88.\r\n[25] United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (n,d,). Promoting Better Management of\r\na. Migration in Nigeria (2011-2018). Available at https:\/\/www\/unodc.org,\/nigeria\/en\/html. Accessed on 4th June, 2022.\r\n[26] United Nations, 2016a, International Migration. Retrieved from (http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ development\/desa\/population\/international-migration). 28th December, 2019.\r\n[27] United Nations, 2016b, International Migration Report 2015: Highlights. (http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/migration). 23rd December, 2019.\r\n[28] Werz, M. &amp; Conley, L., 2018, Climate Change, Migration, and Conflict in Northwest Africa, Foreign Policy and Security, Vol. 1,(5).\r\n[29] Wickramasinghe, A.A.I.N. &amp; Wimalaratana, W., 2016, International Migration and Migration Theories, Social Affairs, Vol.1 No.5, pp.13-32\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akpan, Nse Etim, Ph.D, Nnorom, Kingsley, Ph.D &#8220;When The Pasture Is <i>Greenless<\/i>: Nigeria, Libya and the Return of Slave Trade in Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.164-173 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/164-173.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/164-173.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/when-the-pasture-is-greenless-nigeria-libya-and-the-return-of-slave-trade-in-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>When The Pasture Is <i>Greenless<\/i>: Nigeria, Libya and the Return of Slave Trade in Africa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d07cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22d07cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d1d43\" data-id=\"22d1d43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d1e59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d1e59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Introduction to The Influence of Warm Data on Risk Leadership<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Apanisile Samuel Temitope and Prof Olalekan Asikhia &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 174-176<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d1f09 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>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis paper would establish that organizations as a complex adaptive system are made up of interacting parts. The interaction generates data which is known as warm data. This type of data is nonlinear in nature and easily contextualize or map the interdependent variables and tail- risks that leaders and decision makers face on a day-to-day basis in a system. Up until now, there has been no computing way to deliver holistic signals and patterns that enable leaders and their teams to gain insight and foresight during interactions and conversations which help in uncovering and resolving their biases and blind spots. Warm data would assist leaders in cutting through the risk and fuzziness of complex internal and external environment in order to gain agility during ambiguity, clarity during complexity, understanding during uncertainty, optionality during instability, vision during volatility and certainty during chaos.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 174-176\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6712<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Apanisile Samuel Temitope <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBabcock University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof Olalekan Asikhia <\/strong><\/span>\r\nBabcock University, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bateson, N. (2016). Knowledge &amp; Complexity. Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 23(3), 81-84.\r\n[2] Bateson, N. (2017). Warm data: Contextual research and the evolution of science. Rocznik Naukowy Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szko\u0142y Wy\u017cszej w Bydgoszczy. Transdyscyplinarne Studia o Kulturze (i) Edukacji, (12), 35-40.\r\n[3] Bateson, N. (2021). The Era of Emergency Relocation: A Transcontextual Perspective. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 34(1), 9-22.\r\n[4] Bos-de Vos, M., Deken, F., &amp; Kleinsmann, M. (2022). Navigating multiple contexts to integrate system transformation programs. International journal of project management, 40 (3), 290-311.\r\n[5] Brown, J. (2002). The World Caf\u00e9: Living knowledge through conversations that matter. Fielding Graduate Institute.\r\n[6] Chesley, J. A., &amp; Wenger, M. S. (1999). Transforming an organization: Using models to foster a strategic conversation. California Management Review, 41(3), 54-73.\r\n[7] Dubberly, H., Esmonde, P., Geoghegan, M., &amp; Pangaro, P. (2002). Notes on the role of leadership and language in regenerating organizations. Santa Clara, California: Sun Microsystems.\r\n[8] Francois, J. H. Organizational Learning Agility: The Ultimate Competitive Advantage.\r\n[9] Fullan, M. (2011). The six secrets of change: What the best leaders do to help their organizations survive and thrive. John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[10] Goh, S. C. (1998). Toward a learning organization: The strategic building blocks. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 63, 15-22.\r\n[11] Henricksen, K., &amp; Indulska, J. (2006). Developing context-aware pervasive computing applications: Models and approach. Pervasive and mobile computing, 2(1), 37-64.\r\n[12] Jamshid Gharajedaghi (2011). Managing Chaos and Complexity.\u2019 A Platform for Designing Business Architecture Third Edition\r\n[13] Kavanagh, J. (2005). Stress and Performance A Review of the Literature and its Applicability to the Military.\r\n[14] Paykani, T., Zimet, G. D., Esmaeili, R., Khajedaluee, A. R., &amp; Khajedaluee, M. (2020). Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-9.\r\n[15] Renukadevi, R., &amp; Vignesh, I. (2015). Need projected for change management in an organization. Journal Impact Factor, 6(1), 118-128.\r\n[16] Richardson, K. A. (2008). Managing complex organizations: Complexity thinking and the science and art of management. Emergence: Complexity &amp; Organization, 10(2).\r\n[17] Riley, J. (2017). Understanding metadata. Washington DC, United States: National Information Standards Organization (http:\/\/www. niso. org\/publications\/press\/UnderstandingMetadata. pdf), 23.\r\n[18] Schneider, M., &amp; Somers, M. (2006). Organizations as complex adaptive systems: Implications of complexity theory for leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 351-365.\r\n[19] Taleb, N.N. and Douady, R.,2013, Mathematical Definition and Mapping of (Anti)Fragility, Quantitative Finance, [RISK MANAGEMENT]\r\n[20] WILCOCK, K. J. G. (2012, December). Multimodal Signals and Holistic Interaction Structuring. In 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (p. 527).\r\n[21] Wheeler, D. J. (2009). Avoiding statistical jabberwocky. Quality Digest .\r\n[22] Zadeh, L. A., et a1. (1987). Fuzzy sets and applications. New York: John Wiley\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Apanisile Samuel Temitope and Prof Olalekan Asikhia , &#8220;Introduction to The Influence of Warm Data on Risk Leadership&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.174-176 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6712<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/174-176.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/introduction-to-the-influence-of-warm-data-on-risk-leadership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Introduction to The Influence of Warm Data on Risk Leadership<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d3198 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22d3198\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d3268 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d3268\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d3419\" data-id=\"22d3419\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d354a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d354a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d35f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d35f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d376b\" data-id=\"22d376b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d3892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d3892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d3947 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d3947\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d3aaf\" data-id=\"22d3aaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d3bce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d3bce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d3c6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d3c6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d3dc5\" data-id=\"22d3dc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d3ee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d3ee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d3f8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d3f8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d40e8\" data-id=\"22d40e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d41f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d41f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d429e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d429e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d43f3\" data-id=\"22d43f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d450c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d450c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d45ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d45ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d472a\" data-id=\"22d472a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d4839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d4839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Using Social Media on Social and Academic Life: A Study on University Students<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Umme Kulsum, Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 177-188<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d48e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d48e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d4a71\" data-id=\"22d4a71\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d4bba elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22d4bba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is conducted to investigate the impacts of social media on social and academic performance of graduate and undergraduate students in public universities. Because of widespread adoption of social media among university students, there is a growing interest on how social media is affected their social and academic performance. The impact of social networking sites on academic performance may extend to the major concern related health, economic and other crises. Therefore the study was undertaken among 180 respondents selected by simple random sampling from different universities. The study found that respondents faces some problems using SM such as-spending money(68.9%),eye problem(57.2%),but they got some facilities also from it-knowing exam schedule (95.5%)),collecting academic document (84.4%),attending virtual classes(83.9%). Exploratory factor analysis about the impact of social media on academic life and The KMO measure of the indicators has been found as .708 and significance level of 0.000, Initial Eigenvalues are 69.281% and Cronbach&#8217;s alpha was equal to .789, p&lt;.0001.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 177-188\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umme Kulsum <\/strong>\r\nBegum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam <\/strong>\r\nBegum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alkan MF, Bardakci S. (2017). High School Students\u2019 Learning Activities Through Social Networks: A Qualitative Inquiry, Kastamonu Education Journal 25(3):1221-1238.\r\n[2] Armstrong, J. &amp; Franklin, T. (2008). A review of current and developing international practice in the use of social networking (Web 2.0) in higher education. 2008.\r\n[3] Asemah, S. &amp; Okpanachi, R. (2013). Influence of social media on the academic performance of the undergraduate students of Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria, Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(12), pp. 90-96\r\n[4] Arnold, N. &amp; Paulus, T. (2010), Using a social networking site for experimental learning: Appropriating, lurking, modeling and community building. Internet and Higher Education, 13, 188-196. doi:10.1016\/j.iheduc.2010.04.002\r\n[5] Bartlett, M. S. (1954), A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square apporximations, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 16(2), 296-298.\r\n[6] B. Kolan, P. Dzandza, (2018). Effect of social media on academic performance of students in Ghanian Universities: A case study of University of Ghana, Legon, Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)\r\n[7] Dabner, N. (2011). Design to support distance teacher education communities: A case study of a student-student e-mentoring initiative. Proceedings of Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education International Conference 2011. Nashville, TN: AACE 1-880094-84-3., 2011\r\n[8] Hussain, Dr. Irshad. (2012). A Study to Evaluate the Social Media Trends among University Students; Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences 64, pp 639 \u2013 645\r\n[9] Hussain, I. (2005). A study of emerging technologies and their impact on teaching learning process; An unpublished PhD Dissertation, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, 2005.\r\n[10] Islam, A.R.M.T., Mamun, A.A., Zahid, A., Rahman, M.M., (2020). Simultaneous comparison of modified-integrated water quality and entropy weighted indices: implication for safe drinking water in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Ecol. Indicat. 113, 106229.\r\n[11] Junco, R. (2012). \u201cToo much face and not enough books: The relationship between multiple indices of Facebook use and academic performance.\u201d Computers &amp; Education, 28, 187-198.\r\n[12] Kirschner, P.A., &amp; Karpinski, A. C. (2010). \u201cFacebook and academic performance.\u201d Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1237-1245.\r\n[13] Kaiser, H. F. (1970), A second generation little jiffy, Psychometrika, 35(4), 401-415\r\n[14] Lenhart A. Purcell K. Smith A. Zickuhr K. (2010). Social Media &amp; Mobile Internet Use among Teens and Young Adults. Millennials. Pew internet &amp; American life project.\r\n[15] Mack, D., Behler, A., Roberts, B., &amp; Rimland. E. (2007). Reaching students with Facebook: Data and best practices. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship, 2007, 8(2).\r\n[16] Mensah, S., Nizam I. (2016). The impact of social media on students\u2019 academic performance-a case of Malaysia Tertiary Institution. International Journal of Education, Learning and Training, 1(1), pp.14-21\r\n[17] Miller R, Melton J (2015). College students and risk-taking behaviour on Twitter versus Facebook. Behaviour and Information Technology 34(7):678-684.\r\n[18] Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.\r\n[19] Owusu-Acheaw, M., Larson, A. (2015). Use of social media and its impact on academic performance of tertiary institution students: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana, Journal of Education and Practice, 6(6), pp. 94-101\r\n[20] Pempek, T. A. Yermolayeva, Y. A., &amp; Calvert, S. L. (2009). \u201cCollege students\u2019 social networking experiences on Facebook.\u201d Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 227-238\r\n[21] Retrived from https:\/\/www.briansolis.com\/2007\/06\/defining-social-media\/, dated on 23 June 2022.\r\n[22] Selwyn N (2009). Faceworking: exploring students\u2019 education-related use of Facebook. Learning, Media and Technology 34(2):157-174\r\n[23] Smith, P. Smith, N., Sherman, K., Goodwin, I., Crothers, C., Billot, J. &amp; et al. (2009). The Internet in New Zealand 2009. Auckland: Institute of Culture, Discourse and Communication, AUT University.\r\n[24] Thoene, Whitney sue (2012); The Impact of Social Networking Sites on College Students&#8217; Consumption Patterns\r\n[25] Talaue, Gilbert M., Saad , Ali Al, Rushaidan, Naif Al, Alwaleed Al Hugail, Saad Al Fahhad. (October 2018). The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance of Selected College Students.\r\n[26] Xu,Xiang-Long &amp; all; (2015). The Influence of Social Media on Sleep Quality: A Study of Undergraduate Students in Chongqing, China\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Umme Kulsum, Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam &#8220;Impact of Using Social Media on Social and Academic Life: A Study on University Students&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.177-188 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/177-188.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/177-188.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-using-social-media-on-social-and-academic-life-a-study-on-university-students\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Using Social Media on Social and Academic Life: A Study on University Students<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d5c6d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22d5c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d5d46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d5d46\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d5f04\" data-id=\"22d5f04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d6042 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d6042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d60f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d60f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d6264\" data-id=\"22d6264\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d638e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d638e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d6442 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d6442\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d65ac\" data-id=\"22d65ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d66cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d66cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d6772 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d6772\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d68c9\" data-id=\"22d68c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d69e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d69e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d6a8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d6a8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d6be6\" data-id=\"22d6be6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d6cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d6cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d6da3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d6da3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d6f03\" data-id=\"22d6f03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d7027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d7027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d70d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d70d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d7251\" data-id=\"22d7251\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d7380 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d7380\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Farmers-Herders\u2019 Conflict and Agricultural Development in Benue State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ogbe, Juliana Ekonyohe, Ogali, Mathew Dayi (Dr.) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 189-197<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d7426 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d7426\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d75bc\" data-id=\"22d75bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d76f9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22d76f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nPolitical leaders often introduce agricultural strategies and policies with the aim of boosting agricultural development in Benue State and other States in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the conflict that occurs between farmers and herders has constituted a major threat to the development of the agricultural sector in Benue State. This study examined the phenomenon of farmers-herders\u2019 conflict and agricultural development in Benue State, 2010-2022. An objective of this study was to examine the effect of the farmers-herders\u2019 conflict on agricultural development in Benue State. The theory of eco-violence which focuses on the competition over scarce ecological resources guided this study. Also, qualitative research design which relied on data sourced from secondary sources such as archival materials, textbooks and journals were employed for this study. Data were content analysed. This paper showed that over the years, being that Benue is an agrarian State, many agricultural policies and programmes have been introduced by successive governments in the State to boost agriculture and possibly grow the economy. Unfortunately however, the farmers-herders conflicts amidst many challenges have posed as obstacles to the actualisation of substantial agricultural development in Benue State. The anti-social actions of herders have made some analysts to refer to them as \u201csocial misfits\u201d. As a matter of fact, this paper argued that despite the existence of a law to guide and regulate pastoralists-farmers relationship in Benue State, herders\u2013farmers\u2019 conflicts and related killings have continued to persist. The resultant effect of this is the gradual erosion of agro-investors\u2019 confidence, growing fear of farmers to venture into farming and a decline in agricultural development in the State. This study therefore, recommends a collaborative and holistic approach in curbing the pastoral-farmers\u2019 conflicts as well as the robust formulation and implementation of agricultural policies and programmes that will trigger agricultural development in Benue State\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 189-197\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbe, Juliana Ekonyohe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogali, Mathew Dayi (Dr.) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Allen, F. &amp; Ogbe, J.E. (2022). Agricultural policy and food security in Nigeria: An appraisal of the ban on rice importation (2015\u20132020). In C.R. Chereji, A. Pop &amp; C. Sandu (eds.) Conflict and climate change. Babe\u0219-Bolyai University and University of Port Harcourt. International Conference on Conflict Studies: Conflict and Climate Change. December10, 2020. Accent.\r\n[2] Anifowose, R. &amp; Enemuo, F.C. (1999). Elements of politics. Malthouse Press.\r\n[3] Apenda, I. T. (2016). An assessment of the impact of farmers-herder&#8217;s conflict on food security in Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Development strategies in humanities, management and social sciences, (6)2, 187- 200.\r\n[4] Boyd, E. (2014). Climate change and development. In V. Desai &amp; R.B. Potter (eds.), Companion to development. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.\r\n[5] BSGN, (2020). Benue state policy on agriculture. Benue State Government of Nigeria\r\n[6] Daneji, M. I (2011). Agricultural development intervention programmes in Nigeria (1960 To Date): A review. Savannah Journal of Agriculture, 6(1), 101-107.\r\n[7] Homer-Dixon, T.F &amp;Blitt, J. (1998). Eco-violence: Links among environment, population and security. Rowman and Littlefield.\r\n[8] Homer-Dixton, T.F. (1999). Environment, scarcity, and violence. Princeton University Press.\r\n[9] Mafaje, A. (1995). Desorders, resistances et productivities; PolitiqueAfricaine xxx11 42, cited in J. Ibrahim (1995) \u2018Democratization in Africa: the challenge for a new Agenda-concluding remarks\u2019 in E. Chloe &amp; J. Ibrahim (eds.) Democratization Process in Africa: Problems and Prospects. CODESTRIA books series.\r\n[10] Obomanu, E.F. &amp; Ogbe, J.E. (2020). Corona virus and development crises in Nigeria: Issues and policy implications. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, (3)6, 35-52.\r\n[11] Odoh, S.I. &amp; Chilaka, F.C. (2012). Climate change and conflict in Nigeria: A theoretical and empirical examination of the worsening incidence of conflict between Fulani herdsmen and farmers in northern Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(1) 110-124.\r\n[12] Ogali, M.D. (2019). Johannes Althusius\u2019 medieval theory of federalism and democratic practice in modern states. In A.M. Okolie, H. Saliu &amp; G. Ezirim (Eds.) State governance and regional integration in Africa. Nigerian Political Science Association,\r\n[13] Ogali, M.D. (2021). The politics of COVID-19 and Weber\u2019s bureaucratic public administration theory. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 6(2), 72-83.\r\n[14] Ogbole, D. (2021). Herdsmen crisis in Nigeria: The Benue peace option. Global Life Innovation\r\n[15] Okereke, C. (2014). A changing climate and African development. In V. Desai &amp; R.B. Potter (eds.), Companion to development. Routledge Taylor and Francis group.\r\n[16] Okoli, A.C. &amp; Atelhe, G.A. (2014). Nomads against natives: A political ecology of herder\/farmer conflicts in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(2), 76-88.\r\n[17] Soludo; C.C. (2004) Nigeria: national economic empowerment and development strategy (NEEDS). Abuja: National Planning Commission.\r\n[18] Tonah, S. (2006b). Managing farmer-herder conflicts in Ghana\u2019s Volta Basin. Ibadan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 35-45.\r\n[19] Udosen, N.M. (2021). Farmers-herders crisis and food security in Nigeria: Causes and implications. European Journal of Political Science Studies, 5(1), 24-44.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogbe, Juliana Ekonyohe, Ogali, Mathew Dayi (Dr.) , &#8220;Farmers-Herders\u2019 Conflict and Agricultural Development in Benue State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.189-197 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/189-197.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/189-197.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/farmers-herders-conflict-and-agricultural-development-in-benue-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Farmers-Herders\u2019 Conflict and Agricultural Development in Benue State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d8a3e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22d8a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d9514\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d966a\" data-id=\"22d966a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d9782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d9782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d9a24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d9a24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d9bcf\" data-id=\"22d9bcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d9cfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22d9cfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22d9d9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22d9d9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d9ef6\" data-id=\"22d9ef6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22da00d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22da00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22da0aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22da0aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22da20e\" data-id=\"22da20e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22da33b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22da33b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Destination Image Development in Tourism: Literature Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Pande Gde Bagus Naya Primananda, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja, Putu Yudi Setiawan &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 198-202<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22da3fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22da3fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22da589\" data-id=\"22da589\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22da6e5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22da6e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The development of the image of the destination continues to grow so that research is needed that can determine future research gaps. This rapid development inspired us to conduct a recent literature review on destination image. In this study we update the literature review introduced in previous studies (Li et al., 2015) and define research gaps to be conducted. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher details the image research of selected destinations from 2012-2019 which was carried out to review the latest findings. The result is a brief summary of the destination image research based on the attributes used, analysis, number of samples and type of sample.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 198-202\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6713<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pande Gde Bagus Naya Primananda <\/strong>\r\nEconomics and Business Faculty, Udayana University, Bali &#8211; Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa <\/strong>\r\nEconomics and Business Faculty, Udayana University, Bali &#8211; Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja <\/strong>\r\nEconomics and Business Faculty, Udayana University, Bali &#8211; Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Putu Yudi Setiawan <\/strong>\r\nEconomics and Business Faculty, Udayana University, Bali &#8211; Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agapito D., Valle, P and Mendes, J. 2013. The cognitive-affective-conative model of destination image: A confirmatory analysis. Journal of Travel &amp; Tourism Marketing Vol. 30 No.5, pp 471-481.\r\n[2] Akroush, M. N., Jraisat, L. E., Kurdieh, D. J., AL-Faouri, R. N and Qatu, L T. 2016. Tourism service quality and destination loyalty\u2013the mediating role of destination image from international tourists\u2019 perspectives. Tourism Review Vol. 71 No.1, pp 18-44.\r\n[3] Artuger, S., and Cetinsoz, B. C. 2017. The impact of destination image and the intention to Revisit: A study Regarding Arab Tourists. European Scientific Journal Vol. 13 No.5, pp 82-98.\r\n[4] Baloglu, S., &amp; McCleary, K. W. 1999. A model of destination image formation. Annals of tourism research, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp 868-897.\r\n[5] Beerli, A., and Martin, J. D. 2004. Factors influencing destination image. Annals of tourism research, 31(3), pp 657-681.\r\n[6] Chaudhary, M. 2000. India&#8217;s image as a tourist destination\u2014a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism management, 21(3), pp 293-297.\r\n[7] Chaulagain, S., Wiitala, J and Fu, X. 2019. The impact of country image and destination image on US tourists\u2019 travel intention. Journal of Destination Marketing &amp; Management Vol 12, pp 1-11.\r\n[8] Chen, C. F and Phou, S. 2013. A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty. Tourism management Vol. 36, pp 269-278.\r\n[9] Chen, C. F., and Tsai, D. 2007. How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions?. Tourism management, 28(4), pp 1115-1122.\r\n[10] Chen, C. C., Lai, Y. H. R., Petrick, J. F and Lin, Y. H. 2016. Tourism between divided nations: An examination of stereotyping on destination image. Tourism Management Vol. 55, pp 25-36.\r\n[11] Chiu, W., Zeng, S and Cheng, P. S. T. 2016. The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: a case study of Chinese tourists in Korea. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 10 No. 2, pp 223-234.\r\n[12] Crompton, J. L. 1979. An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of travel research, 17(4), pp 18-23.\r\n[13] Echtner, C. M., &amp; Ritchie, J. B. 1991. The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of tourism studies, 2(2), pp 2-12.\r\n[14] Foroudi, P., Akarsu, T. N., Ageeva, E., Foroudi, M. M., Dennis, C and Melewar, T. C. 2018. Promising the dream: Changing destination image of London through the effect of website place. Journal of Business Research Vol. 83, pp 97-110\r\n[15] Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., &amp; Garc\u0131\u0301a, H. C. 2002. Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of tourism research, 29(1), pp 56-78.\r\n[16] Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A and M\u00fcller, S. 2015. Perceived destination image: An image model for a winter sports destination and its effect on intention to revisit. Journal of Travel Research Vol. 54 No. 1, pp 94-106.\r\n[17] Huang, W. J., Chen, C. C and Lin, Y. H. 2013. Cultural proximity and intention to visit: Destination image of Taiwan as perceived by Mainland Chinese visitors. Journal of Destination Marketing &amp; Management Vol. 2 No. 3, pp 176-184.\r\n[18] Isa, S. M., and Ramli, L. 2014. Factors influencing tourist visitation in marine tourism: lessons learned from FRI Aquarium Penang, Malaysia. International journal of culture, tourism and hospitality research.\r\n[19] Kim, S. E., Lee, K. Y., Shin, S. I and Yang, S. B. 2017. Effects of tourism information quality in social media on destination image formation: The case of Sina Weibo. Information &amp; Management Vol. 54 No. 6, pp 687-702.\r\n[20] Kim, H., and Richardson, S. L. 2003. Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of tourism research, 30(1), pp 216-237.\r\n[21] Lee, B., Lee, C. K and Lee, J. 2014. Dynamic nature of destination image and influence of tourist overall satisfaction on image modification. Journal of Travel Research Vol. 53 No. 2, pp 239-251.\r\n[22] Lubbe, B. 1998. Primary image as a dimension of destination image: an empirical assessment. Journal of Travel &amp; Tourism Marketing Vol. 7 No. 4, pp 21-43.\r\n[23] Madden, K., Rashid, B and Zainol, N. A. 2016. Beyond the motivation theory of destination image. Tourism and hospitality management Vol. 22 No. 2, pp 247-264\r\n[24] Mano, A., and da Costa, R. A. 2015. A conceptual model of the antecedents and consequences of tourist destination image. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, pp 15-22.\r\n[25] Prayag, G., and Ryan, C. 2011. The relationship between the \u2018push\u2019and \u2018pull\u2019factors of a tourist destination: The role of nationality\u2013an analytical qualitative research approach. Current issues in tourism, 14(2), pp 121-143.\r\n[26] Prayag, G and Ryan, C. 2012. Antecedents of tourists\u2019 loyalty to Mauritius: The role and influence of destination image, place attachment, personal involvement, and satisfaction. Journal of travel research Vol. 51 No. 3, pp 342-356.\r\n[27] Ramseook-Munhurrun, P., Seebaluck, V. N and Naidoo, P. 2015. Examining the structural relationships of destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and loyalty: case of Mauritius. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 175, pp 252-259.\r\n[28] Sharma, P., and Nayak, J. K. 2019. Do tourists\u2019 emotional experiences influence images and intentions in yoga tourism?. Tourism Review.\r\n[29] Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., and Chiadmi, N. E. 2017. Destination personality and destination image. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 32, pp 54-70.\r\n[30] Souiden, N., Ladhari, R., &amp; Chiadmi, N. E. 2017. Destination personality and destination image. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 32, pp 54-70.\r\n[31] Stylos, N., Vassiliadis, C. A., Bellou, V. and Andronikidis, A. 2016. Destination images, holistic images and personal normative beliefs: Predictors of intention to revisit a destination. Tourism Management Vol. 53, pp 40-60.\r\n[32] Tan, W. K. 2017. Repeat visitation: A study from the perspective of leisure constraint, tourist experience, destination images, and experiential familiarity. Journal of destination marketing &amp; management, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp 233-242\r\n[33] Tasci, A. D., Gartner, W. C., &amp; Tamer Cavusgil, S. 2007. Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. Journal of hospitality &amp; tourism research, 31(2), pp 194-223.\r\n[34] Tosun, C., Dedeo\u011flu, B. B and Fyall, A. 2015. Destination service quality, affective image and revisit intention: The moderating role of past experience. Journal of Destination Marketing &amp; Management Vol. 4 No. 4, pp 222-234.\r\n[35] Van der Merwe, P., Slabbert, E., &amp; Saayman, M. (2011). Travel motivations of tourists to selected marine destinations. International journal of tourism research, 13(5), 457-467.\r\n[36] Zhang, H., Wu, Y and Buhalis, D. 2018. A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of destination marketing &amp; management Vol. 8, pp 326-336\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pande Gde Bagus Naya Primananda, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja, Putu Yudi Setiawan &#8220;Destination Image Development in Tourism: Literature Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.198-202 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6713<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/198-202.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/destination-image-development-in-tourism-literature-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Destination Image Development in Tourism: Literature Review<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22db5d6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22db5d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22db6c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22db6c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22db85d\" data-id=\"22db85d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22db97d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22db97d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dba32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dba32\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dc084\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dc1d3\" data-id=\"22dc1d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dc2ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dc2ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dc3cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dc3cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dc51e\" data-id=\"22dc51e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dc6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dc6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dc79a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dc79a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dc935\" data-id=\"22dc935\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dca96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dca96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dcb52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dcb52\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dccf6\" data-id=\"22dccf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dce56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dce56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Policy Process of the Philippines\u2019 Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Analysis of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ella Joy A. Ponce &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 203-209<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dcf15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dcf15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dd0b5\" data-id=\"22dd0b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dd207 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22dd207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in the Philippines popularly known as the 4Ps or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program aimed to improve the lives of poor Filipinos and promote better health and social status. This paper discussed the policy process of the 4Ps starting from problem identification to the agenda setting, then policy formulation\/legitimation up to the implementation and evaluation. Through a review of related literature, public policy theories and frameworks such as the Black Box, Kingdon\u2019s Streams Metaphor, etc. were used in explaining the various stages of the program. Data from the World Bank, NEDA, and DSWD were also presented in order to provide evidence for the different stages of the policy process of the program. Originally, the 4Ps targeted children 0-14 years old, however, it was changed to 0-18 years so as to address the need of the beneficiaries\u2019 children to at least finish high school so as to have a relatively good job. Moreover, the 4Ps started with 284 thousand beneficiaries since its inception in 2008. In 2016, the program covers 79% of the poor households in the country which demands more budgets for the program. The formulation and legitimation of the 4Ps can be deduced from the discussion of Curry, et. al. (2013) of whether the 4Ps was truly an adoption of the Bolsa Familia or just an imitation of it. The cost-benefit evaluation of the 4Ps from the vantage point of a transnational actor has rendered it feasible to still be implemented and continued.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 203-209\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6714<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ella Joy A. Ponce <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCentral Luzon State University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Asian Development Bank. (2014). Economic Analysis. Additional Financing of Social Protection Support Project (RRP PHI 43407-014). Retrieved on December 3, 2018 on https:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/linked-documents\/43407-014-ea.pdf.\r\n[2] Asian Development Bank. (2014). Updated Financial Analysis. Additional Financing of Social Protection Support Project (RRP PHI 43407-014). Retrieved on December 3, 2018 on https:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/linked-documents\/43407-014-fa.pdf.\r\n[3] Birkland, Thomas (2011). An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making, 3rd Edition, London and New York: Routledge.\r\n[4] Cairney, Paul (2012). Understanding Public Policy: Theories and Issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.\r\n[5] Curry, M. S., Cadiogan, A. T., &amp; Giugliano, R. G. (2013). Brazil&#8217;s Bolsa Familia and the Philippines'&#8221; 4Ps&#8221; CCT Programs: Considering South-South Cooperation for Social Protection. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 13(1).\r\n[6] Dadap, E. L. (2011). The Politics of Conditional Cash Transfers of the Philippines (Doctoral dissertation, MA dissertation, Graduate School of Development Studies, Institute of Social Studies).\r\n[7] Debonneville, J., &amp; Diaz, P. (2013). Policy transfer processes and the new techniques of governance. Revue Tiers Monde, (4), 161-178.\r\n[8] Department of Social Welfare and Development. (2018). Philippines\u2019 Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT): Program Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. Retrieved on November 25, 2018 on https:\/\/pantawid.dswd.gov.ph\/\r\n[9] Orbeta, A. C., &amp; Paqueo, V. B. (2016). Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program: Boon or Bane? (No. 2016-56). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.\r\n[10] Philippine Star. (2014). Phl dropout rates rising since 2007. Retrieved on December 3, 2018 on https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/campus\/2014\/06\/12\/1333995\/phl-dropout-rates-rising-2007.\r\n[11] Rappler. (2018). House green-lights bill institutionalizing 4Ps. Retrieved on December 3, 2018 on https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/nation\/210673-house-3rd-reading-bill-institutionalization-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program#cxrecs_s.\r\n[12] Weiner, S. (2011). How information literacy becomes policy: an analysis using the multiple streams framework. library trends, 60(2), 297-311.\r\n[13] World Bank. (2009). Conditional Cash Transfer. Retrieved on December 3, 2018 on https:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/INTCCT\/Resources\/5757608-1234228266004\/PRR-CCT_web_noembargo.pdf.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ella Joy A. Ponce, &#8220;The Policy Process of the Philippines\u2019 Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Analysis of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.203-209 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6714<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/203-209.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-policy-process-of-the-philippines-conditional-cash-transfer-program-analysis-of-the-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Policy Process of the Philippines\u2019 Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Analysis of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22de085 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22de085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22de166 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22de166\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22de308\" data-id=\"22de308\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22de433 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22de433\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22de4e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22de4e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22de653\" data-id=\"22de653\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22de76f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22de76f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22de80d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22de80d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22de96a\" data-id=\"22de96a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dea94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dea94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22deb3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22deb3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dec97\" data-id=\"22dec97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22deda7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22deda7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22df0ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22df0ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22df2a9\" data-id=\"22df2a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22df3d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22df3d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22df487 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22df487\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22df5fb\" data-id=\"22df5fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22df725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22df725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22df7cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22df7cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22df94e\" data-id=\"22df94e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dfa91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22dfa91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>City Diplomacy amid Regional Integration: A Philippine Perspective on the ASEAN Smart Cities Network<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jovito Jose P. Katigbak, Jeremie P. Credo &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 210-215<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22dfb36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22dfb36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dfcbe\" data-id=\"22dfcbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dfe02 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22dfe02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The significance of local actors in regional integration was reaffirmed in November 2018 upon the adoption of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Smart Cities Network (ASCN) Framework. The ASCN is envisaged as a collaborative platform where member cities can discuss and resolve the challenges brought about by rapid urbanization. It can thus be said that it fundamentally espouses the role of city diplomacy as an important means and end in the successful realization of sustainable urbanization. In the Philippines\u2019 case, the involvement of Manila, Cebu, and Davao as pilot cities is mainly catalyzed by two factors, namely, the need to address the interests of their communities and as an expression of solidarity with other ASEAN cities. Further, the participation of these local government units (LGUs) in diplomatic activities at the regional level primarily focus on economic, cultural, cooperative, and representative dimensions. To effectively address enforcement-related challenges, LGUs may undertake capacity-building activities, advance a whole-of-society approach, tap new financing schemes, ensure project continuity, and expand the ASCN to include other cities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 210-215\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6715<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jovito Jose P. Katigbak <\/strong>\r\nInternational Studies Department, Far Eastern University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jeremie P. Credo <\/strong>\r\nSchool of Diplomacy and Governance, De La Salle \u2013 College of Saint Benilde<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] ASEAN Secretariat. (2019, February). Concept Note ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Retrieved from https:\/\/asean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ASCN-Concept-Note.pdf.\r\n[2] ASEAN Secretariat. (2020a). ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Retrieved from https:\/\/asean.org\/our-communities\/asean-smart-cities-network\/.\r\n[3] ASEAN Secretariat. (2020b, July 20). Smart and Sustainable Urbanisation in ASEAN Cities. Retrieved from https:\/\/connectivity.asean.org\/resource\/smart-and-sustainable-urbanisation-in-asean-cities\/#:~:text=Rapid%20urbanisation%20has%20brought%20challenges,of%20the%20COVID%2D19%20pandemic.\r\n[4] Centre for Livable Cities. (2018). ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.clc.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/books\/book-asean-smart-cities-network.pdf.\r\n[5] Hocking, B. (1993). Localizing Foreign Policy: Non-Central Governments and Multilayered Diplomacy. (London: Macmillan).\r\n[6] JICA. (2018a). Project on Master Plan Study and Institutional Development on Urban Transport System in Metro Cebu. Retrieved from https:\/\/dokumen.tips\/documents\/project-on-master-plan-study-and-institutional-development-on-urban-project-on-master.html?page=1.\r\n[7] JICA. (2018b). Davao City Infrastructure Development Plan and Capacity Building Project Final Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/openjicareport.jica.go.jp\/pdf\/12308706.pdf.\r\n[8] Leggett, R. (2015). The Age of ASEAN Cities: From Migrant Consumers to Megacities. Retrieved from https:\/\/na.eventscloud.com\/file_uploads\/40f791a04b0409872a1e98b2b30b4489_ReganLeggett-FT-Nielsen2015_Urbanisation-4pm_MNC3.pdf.\r\n[9] Martinus, M. (2020a). ASEAN Smart Cities Network: A Catalyst for Partnerships. ISEAS Perspective 2020(32), 1-10.\r\n[10] Martinus, M. (2020b). ASEAN Cities: The Rise of Paradiplomacy. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.iseas.edu.sg\/media\/commentaries\/asean-cities-the-rise-of-paradiplomacy\/.\r\n[11] Martinus, M. &amp; Seah, S. (2020). ASEAN Must Embrace Sustainable COVID-19 Recovery. ASEAN Focus 3.\r\n[12] NEDA. (n.d.). Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan. Retrieved from http:\/\/mbsdmp.com\/about-us.\r\n[13] Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs. (2018, October 1). PH Consulate General in Calgary, University of Calgary to Explore Smart City Development Partnership, Twinning Program. Retrieved from https:\/\/dfa.gov.ph\/dfa-news\/news-from-our-foreign-service-postsupdate\/18027-ph-consulate-general-in-calgary-university-of-calgary-to-explore-smart-city-development-partnership-twinning-program.\r\n[14] Saavedra, J.R. (2019, January 21). Metro Cebu transport master plan presented Tuesday. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pna.gov.ph\/articles\/1059606.\r\n[15] Salazar, V. &amp; Katigbak, J.J.P. (2016). Financing the Sustainable Development Goals through Private Sector Partnership. CIRSS Commentaries 3(10), 1-2.\r\n[16] van der Pluijm, R. (2007). City Diplomacy: The Expanding Role of Cities in International Politics. Clingendael Diplomacy Papers No. 10, 5-41.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jovito Jose P. Katigbak, Jeremie P. Credo &#8220;City Diplomacy amid Regional Integration: A Philippine Perspective on the ASEAN Smart Cities Network&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.210-215 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6715<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/210-215.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/city-diplomacy-amid-regional-integration-a-philippine-perspective-on-the-asean-smart-cities-network\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>City Diplomacy amid Regional Integration: A Philippine Perspective on the ASEAN Smart Cities Network<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e0ca8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22e0ca8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e1eec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e1eec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e1f99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e1f99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e20f0\" data-id=\"22e20f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e220c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e220c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e22b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e22b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e2428\" data-id=\"22e2428\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e2559 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e2559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mobile Phones Dependency and Psychological Wellbeing of Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Nairobi County- Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Cyprien Nkoma, Elijah Macharia Ndung\u00fa, PhD, Maria Ntarangwe, PhD &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 216-225<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e260d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e260d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e27a0\" data-id=\"22e27a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e28e8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22e28e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe use of mobile phones among secondary school students is of concern when looking at the increase of violent behaviors in schools. The mobile phone use and the psychological wellbeing of secondary school students has become an issue of interest for research. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the time spent on mobile phone use and the psychological wellbeing of secondary school students in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used an embedded mixed method research design. A Multistage sampling method was employed in selecting the 7 schools, and the sample size of 357 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson\u2019s Product Moment Correlation Coefficients was used for data analysis. The main findings of this study showed a strong positive correlation between time spent on the use of mobile phones and the psychological wellbeing of secondary school students (0.885). The study also found out that there was a strong positive correlation between time spent on the mobile phones and the aspect of personal growth (0.985) and the self-acceptance (0.980). There was a moderate positive correlation between time spent on the use of mobile phones and the environmental mastery (0.60), the purpose in life (0.528) and the positive relations with others (0.457). There was a weak positive correlation between time spent on the use of mobile phones and the autonomy (0.004). The study recommends that the school administration should establish counselling facilities which can address the issues related to mobile phones use among secondary school students.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 216-225\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6716<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cyprien Nkoma <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elijah Macharia Ndung\u00fa, PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maria Ntarangwe, PhD <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abadali, K. R., Asatsa, S. &amp; Ntaragwe, M. (2021). Adolescents social networking and self-concept in public mixed day secondary schools in Kajiado North sub county, Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovationin Social Science. 5 (7) 841-847.\r\n[2] Adnan, N. I., Ramli, S. &amp; Ismail, N.I. (2021) Investigating the usefulness of TikTok as an educational tool. International Journal of Practices in Teaching and Learning. 1 (2) 1-6.\r\n[3] Ajaegbu, O. O., Ajaegbu, C. &amp; Sodeinde, O. A. (2019). Pespective smartphone technological advancement trends: a scheme for knowledge acquisition towards societal development. Information Technology Journal. 18(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.3923\/itj.2019.1.7.\r\n[4] Akintola, I. (2021). Impact of social media on teenagers: Nigeria experience. Journal of Media &amp; Management. 3 (4) 1-7. DOI: doi.org\/10.47363\/JMM\/2021(3)134.\r\n[5] Ali, S., Shah, M. &amp; Qasim, A. (2021). Effect of mobil phones on mental health of secondary school students. International Journal of Science and Innovative Research. 2 (3) 4-9.\r\n[6] Anderson, M., &amp; Jiang, J. (2018). In Teens, Social Media &amp; Technology. Pew Research Center www.pewresearch.org.\r\n[7] Anokye, A. M. (2020). Sample Size Determination in Survey Research. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 26 (5) 90\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/jsrr\/2020\/v26i530263.\r\n[8] Bukowa, B. (2017). Young people and the digital age: An investigation of the sociability&#8217; of teenagers in Lusaka. The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research. 1-7.\r\n[9] Nairobi City County (2018). County Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2019\/2020. Nairobi: Nairobi City Counsel.\r\n[10] Egan, A.C. (2016). The Psychological Impact of Smartphones: The Effect of Access to One&#8217;s Smartphone on Psychological Power, Risk Taking, Cheating, and Moral Orientation. ( Doctoral Dissertation, Loyola University) Chicago.\r\n[11] Garcia, D., Nima, A.A. &amp; Kjell, O.N.E. (2014). 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Education Sector Report. Medium Term Expenditure Framework 2022\/23- 2024\/25.\r\n[17] Mugenda, O. M. and Mugenda, A.G. (2003) Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT, Nairobi.\r\n[18] Muigai, N. &amp; Mantz, S. (2019). Mobile Phone Consumer Survey. Deloitte.\r\n[19] Munderia, R. &amp; Singh, R. (2018). Mobile phone dependence and psychological well-being among young adults. Indian Journal of Community Psychology. 14 (2) 321-332.\r\n[20] Muriithi, K. J. (2019). Relationship Between Parental Conflict and Social Adjustment of Adolescent Students in Secondary Schools in Murang&#8217;a County, Kenya (Doctoral Thesis, Kenyatta University) Kenya.\r\n[21] Nganga, C. S. &amp; Bundi, N.G., (2018). An Assessment od Social Media usage among TVET students in Kiambu county, Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies. 5 (6) 9-17.\r\n[22] Nyongesa, S. C., Kiprop, C. &amp; Chumba, S. (2019). 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International Journal of Information, Management Data Insight. 2. 1-16. https:\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjimei.2022.100057.\r\n[27] Tangmunkongvorakul A, Musumari P. M., Thongpibul K., Srithanaviboonchai K., Techasrivichien T., Suguimoto S. P., et al. (2019). Association of excessive smartphone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Plos One. 14 (1) 1-13.\r\n[28] Trucano, M. (2015). Banning and unbanning phones in schools. Retrieved from EduTech: https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/edutech\/banning-and-unbanning-phones-schools.\r\n[29] Vaidya, A., Pathak, V. &amp; Vaidya, A. (2016). Mobile Phone Usage among Youth. International Journal of Applied Research and Studies, 5(3). 1-16. https: \/doi.org\/10.20908\/ijars.v5i3.9483.\r\n[30] Yavich, R., &amp; Davidovitch, N. (2021). Is Personality Related to Risks Associated with Smartphones? The European Educational Researcher, 4(1), 29\u201342.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Cyprien Nkoma, Elijah Macharia Ndung\u00fa, PhD, Maria Ntarangwe, PhD , &#8220;Mobile Phones Dependency and Psychological Wellbeing of Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Nairobi County- Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.216-225 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6716<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/216-225.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mobile-phones-dependency-and-psychological-wellbeing-of-students-in-selected-secondary-schools-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Mobile Phones Dependency and Psychological Wellbeing of Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Nairobi County- Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e37e3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-id=\"22e3c49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e3dbb\" data-id=\"22e3dbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e3ee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e3ee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e3f8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e3f8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e40e6\" data-id=\"22e40e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e4200 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e4200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e42ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e42ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e4609\" data-id=\"22e4609\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e476c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e476c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e481b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e481b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e497a\" data-id=\"22e497a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e4a92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e4a92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e4b30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e4b30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e4c84\" data-id=\"22e4c84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e4da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e4da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e4e50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e4e50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e4fdf\" data-id=\"22e4fdf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e5102 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e5102\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Appropriation of Micropolitics by the Neoliberal States: A Theoretical Intervention<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mohammad Raihan Sharif &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 226-232<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e51bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e51bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e5365\" data-id=\"22e5365\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e54cf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22e54cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The article focuses on the reception of micropolitics by the neoliberal nation states. It argues that the neoliberal states in recent times have combined strategies and tactics to maintain their grip on their citizens. It is a theoretical intervention in the sense that while Scott (2008) and Certeau (2011) identify micropolitics in the everyday life of the poor and the weak, the present chapter argues that even the neoliberal states apply micropolitics and tactics. In fact, only within this combination, within dialectical relations between strategies and tactics, any tactic is worth pursuing\u2014an issue this paper foregrounds. Drawing upon Mbembe\u2019s ideas, this chapter focuses on the contexts of necrocapitalism within which the neoliberal states deploy tactics. This chapter also identifies differentiation\u2014how the neoliberal state keeps its citizens divided and separated<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 226-232\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Raihan Sharif <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of English, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Cacho, L.M., Social Death: Racialized Rightlessness and Criminalization of the Unprotected, New York, NY: New York University Press, 2012.\r\n[2] Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life. Barkley: California University Press, 2011.\r\n[3] Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can be Done About it. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.\r\n[4] Edelman, E. A., \u2018walking while Transgender\u2019: Necropolitical Regulations of Trans Feminine Bodies of Color in the US Nation\u2019s Capital,\u2019 in J. Haritaworn, A. Kuntsman, and S. Posocco (eds.), Queer Necropolitics, Routledge, New York, NY, 2014.\r\n[5] Fraser, S., The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power, New York: NY, Little, Brown and Company, 2015.\r\n[6] Giroux, H., Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism, New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2010.\r\n[7] Giroux, Henry A., Panayota Gounari and Donaldo Macedo. Foreword. In Paulo Freire and the Curriculum. Georgios Grollios. ii-iii. New York: Paradigm Publishers, 2015.\r\n[8] Gould-Wartofsky, M. \u20185 Tools the Police Are Using in Their War against Activists: From Ferguson to Baltimore, the message is clear: protest at your peril\u2019, 5 May 2015, http:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/5-tools-police-are-using-their-war-against-activists\/, (accessed 17 August 2015).\r\n[9] Gr\u017eini\u0107, M. and \u0160. Tatli\u0107, Necropolitics, Racialization, and Global Capitalism, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, 2014.\r\n[10] Harvey, D., A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press.\r\n[11] Jackson, J.L., \u2018Sexual Necropolitics and Prison Rape Elimination\u2019, Signs, volume 39, Number 1, Women, Gender, and Prison, National and Global Perspectives, Autumn 2013.\r\n[12] Levy, Y., Israel\u2019s Death Hierarchy: Casualty Aversion in a Militarized Democracy, New York University Press, New York, NY, 2012.\r\n[13] Mabry, J., \u2018SFPD Defends Takedown of Disabled Man with Prosthetic Legs,\u2019 CBS San Francisco, August 18, 2015, http:\/\/sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com\/2015\/08\/18\/video-sfpd-takedown-of-disabled-man-with-prosthetic-leg-raises-questions-about-excessive-force\/(accessed 19 August 2015).\r\n[14] Moore, L. D., \u2018Two Years Later, Black Lives Matter Faces Critiques, But It Won&#8217;t Be Stopped,\u2019 Identities. Mic, 10 August, 2015. http:\/\/mic.com\/articles\/123666\/two-years-later-black-lives-matter-faces-critiques-but-it-won-t-be-stopped, (accessed 17 August 2015).\r\n[15] Palacios, L.C., \u2018Racialized and Gendered Necropower in Canadian News and Legal Discourse,\u2019 Feminist Formations, volume 26, issue 1, spring 2014.\r\n[16] Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.\r\n[17] Radley, B., \u2018How did America\u2019s police become a military force on the streets?\u2019 ABA Journal, Jul2013, Vol. 99 Issue 7.\r\n[18] Reilly, R.J., \u2018Intimidating, Unconstitutional Police Tactics in Ferguson Incited More Unrest, Says DOJ Expert Report\u2019, The Huffington Post, 30 June 2015, http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/06\/30\/ferguson-protests-police-response_n_7698548.html, (accessed 17 August 2015).\r\n[19] Scott, J., Domination and the Art of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2008.\r\n[20] Steinmetz, K., \u2018Why Transgender People Are Being Murdered at a Historic Rate\u2019, Time, 17 August 2015, http:\/\/time.com\/3999348\/transgender-murders-2015\/, (accessed 19 August 2015).\r\n[21] Tokumitsu, M., \u2018Forced to Love the Grind: Passion is the new workplace requirement \u2014 and one that should be resisted,\u2019 Jacobin, 13 August 2015, https:\/\/www.jacobinmag.com\/2015\/08\/do-what-you-love-miya-tokumitsu-work-creative-passion\/, (accessed 21 August 21, 2015).\r\n[22] Welch, D. and J. Fox, ed., Justifying War: Propaganda, Politics and the Modern Age (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), p. 378.\r\n[23] Whitehead, J. W., Battlefield America: The War on the American People, Select Books, New York, NY, 2015.\r\n[24] \u2018All #BlackLivesMatter. This is Not a Moment, but a Movement\u2019, https:\/\/www.aaihs.org\/black-lives-matter-not-a-moment-but-a-movement\/ http:\/\/blacklivesmatter.com\/about\/, (accessed 7 June 2022).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammad Raihan Sharif &#8220;Appropriation of Micropolitics by the Neoliberal States: A Theoretical Intervention&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.226-232 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/226-232.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/226-232.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/appropriation-of-micropolitics-by-the-neoliberal-states-a-theoretical-intervention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Appropriation of Micropolitics by the Neoliberal States: A Theoretical Intervention<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e669b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22e669b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e6790 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e6790\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e6937\" data-id=\"22e6937\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e6a7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e6a7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e6b2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e6b2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e6c95\" data-id=\"22e6c95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e6dcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e6dcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e6e7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e6e7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e6ff7\" data-id=\"22e6ff7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e7121 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e7121\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e71da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e71da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e7338\" data-id=\"22e7338\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e744f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e744f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e74f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e74f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e765c\" data-id=\"22e765c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e7780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e7780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e7825 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e7825\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e7986\" data-id=\"22e7986\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e7ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e7ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e7b58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e7b58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e7cbf\" data-id=\"22e7cbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e7df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e7df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Use of Google Classroom as Participation and Performance Enhancer Among Basic Science Postgraduates in Some Universities in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Julius Olugbenga ADEDAYO &amp; Lois Folasayo AJAYI &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 233-237<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e7ea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e7ea1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e801a\" data-id=\"22e801a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e814f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22e814f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study is an empirical survey of the influence of Google classroom on the participation level and academic performance of Postgraduates in Nigerian Universities. It adopted quasi-experimental research. The targeted population was the Basic Science students at master\u2019s level in Nigeria Universities. The sample consisted of 42 postgraduates of Science Education drawn from three Universities in the South Western part of Nigeria through the multistage sampling technique. Out of these, 26 students formed the experimental group while 16 constituted the control group. One research question was raised while five hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. There were two research instruments for the study namely the Students\u2019 Participation Scale (SPS) and Students\u2019 Performance Test (SPT) and there was a package for the Google Classroom Lecture Note designed by the researchers. The instruments were validated by experts in Test, Measurement and Evaluation (TME) and Science Education, all from the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. The reliability of the instruments was done through test re-test reliability test which yielded correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.84 respectively at 0.05 level of significance. The administration of the study lasted six weeks in three stages (pretest, treatment and post-test stages). The result of the study revealed that those taught with Google classroom have higher participation mean scores than those in the control group. It also showed that there was a significant difference in the performance mean scores of experimental and control groups. However, no significant difference was noticed in the participation and performance mean scores of male and female postgraduate students in the experimental group.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 233-237\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6717<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Julius Olugbenga ADEDAYO <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lois Folasayo AJAYI <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abraham, R. (2021). Introduction to Google classroom. Retrieved online\r\nWikipedia (2022). Google Classroom. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org \u203a wiki \u203a Google Classroom\r\n[2] Gutpa, A. (2021). To study the impact of Google Classroom as a platform of learning and collaboration at the teacher education level. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2). DOI:10.1007\/s10639-020-10294-1\r\nThe Tech Edvocate ( 2018). 10 Benefits of Google Classroom Integration. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thetechedvocate.org \u203a 10-benefits-of-google-\r\n[4] University Business (2014).The Benefits of Google for Education in Higher Education. Retrieved from https:\/\/universitybusiness.com \u203a the-benefits-of-google-fo&#8230;\r\n[5] Wikipedia (2015). Google Classroom Review: Pros And Cons Of Using- eLearning Industry. https:\/\/elearningindustry.com \u203a google-classroom-review-&#8230;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Julius Olugbenga ADEDAYO &amp; Lois Folasayo AJAYI, &#8220;Use of Google Classroom as Participation and Performance Enhancer Among Basic Science Postgraduates in Some Universities in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.233-237 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6717<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/233-237.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/use-of-google-classroom-as-participation-and-performance-enhancer-among-basic-science-postgraduates-in-some-universities-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Use of Google Classroom as Participation and Performance Enhancer Among Basic Science Postgraduates in Some Universities in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e924d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22e924d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e9325 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e9325\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e94b5\" data-id=\"22e94b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e95f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e95f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e969e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e969e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e97f1\" data-id=\"22e97f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e9918 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e9918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e99ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e99ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e9b1d\" data-id=\"22e9b1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e9c2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e9c2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22e9ce8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22e9ce8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22e9e58\" data-id=\"22e9e58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e9f6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e9f6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ea00f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ea00f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ea177\" data-id=\"22ea177\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ea2a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ea2a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ea345 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ea345\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ea494\" data-id=\"22ea494\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ea5cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ea5cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ea671 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ea671\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ea7de\" data-id=\"22ea7de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ea917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ea917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Strategic Health Purchasing and Health System Performance in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Saheed O. Olayiwola, Francis O. Adeyemi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 238-245<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ea9c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ea9c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22eab4f\" data-id=\"22eab4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22eac9e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22eac9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Purchasing has been adopted by many countries as a mechanism to achieve greater efficiency and improved responsiveness of services to patient demands. This study examined the effects of strategic health purchasing on health system performance in Nigeria. The data for the study was collected using a purposive sampling survey in the Akure metropolis. The results indicated a positive relationship between health system performance and purchasing strategy, payment mechanism and service utilisers with the regression coefficients of 0.30, 0.16 and 0.33. This implied that purchasing strategy, payment mechanism and service utilisers are likely to improve health system performance. The results also revealed a positive relationship between each of the health system performance measurement dimensions (life expectancy, the performance of different areas of health services, distribution of access to health facilities, fairness of health financing, prompt attention to medical needs and purchasing strategy, providers payment mechanism and service utilisers. It was concluded that health system performance can be improved by the implementation of strategic health purchasing. Therefore, paying for health care services should be made strategic and rules relating to auditing and accountability should be made more effective<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 238-245\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6718\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6718<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saheed O. Olayiwola <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Francis O. Adeyemi <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Precious Cornerstone University, Ibadan, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alexander, S. P., Xingzhu, L. E., &amp; Baris, E. (2007). Publis Ends, Private means: Strategic purchasing of Health Services. 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Improvong Outcomes in the Nigeria Healthcare Sector through Public-Private Ownership. African Research Review, 1-17.\r\n[18] Olayiwola, S. O., Oloruntuyi A. O. and Abiodun, S. O. (2017) Sustainable Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage: Issues and Options for Sustainable Health Financing in Nigeria. African Journal of Sustainable Development (AJSD), 7(1). ISSN: 2315-6317\r\n[19] Olusoji, A. (2016). Health System in Nigeria: From Underperformance to Measured Optimism. Health Systems &amp; Reform, 2(4), 285-289.\r\n[20] Patcharanarumol, W., Panichkriangkrai, W., Sommanuttaweechai, A., Hanson, K., Wanwong, Y., &amp; Tangcharoensathien, V. (2018). Strategic purchasing and health system efficiency: A comparison of two financing schemes in Thailand. PLOS one, 1-13.\r\n[21] Preker, A., &amp; Harding, A. (2007). Political economy of Strategic Purchasing. In A. Preker, X. Lui, E. Velenyi, &amp; E. Barris, Public ends, private means: strategic purchasing of health services.World Bank.\r\n[22] R4D Insights. (2018). Q&amp;A: What is strategic purchasing for health? Results for Development Insights.\r\n[23] Raeissi, P., Nasiripour, A., &amp; Karimi, K. (2013). Influential Factors on Strategic Purchasing of Healthcare Services in Iranian Social Security Organization- Indirect Healthcare Sector. J. of Novel Applied Sciences, 2 (3): 65-73.\r\n[24] RESYST. (2014). What is strategic purchasing for health? United Kingdom: Resilient and Responsive Health Systems.\r\n[25] The World Health Report. (2010). Health Systems financing: the path to universal coverage. Geneva: WHO.\r\n[26] WHO. (2017). Strategic Purchasing for UHC: Unlocking the Potential. Global meeting summary and key messages (pp. 1-16). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.\r\n[27] WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2012). Pathways to health system performance assessment: a manual to conducting health system performance assessment at national or sub-national level. Copenhagen.\r\n[28] World Health Organisation (2000). Health Systems: Improving Performance. WHO.\r\n[29] World Health Organization. (2010). Monitoring The Building Blocks of Health Systems: A Handbook of Indicators And their Measurement Strategies. Geneva: WHO Document Production Services.\r\n[30] World Health Organization. (2018). Health Financing for Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Saheed O. Olayiwola, Francis O. Adeyemi &#8220;Strategic Health Purchasing and Health System Performance in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.238-245 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6718<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/238-245.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/strategic-health-purchasing-and-health-system-performance-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Strategic Health Purchasing and Health System Performance in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ee3cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22ee3cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22eebb1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22eebb1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22eed1e\" data-id=\"22eed1e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22eee2f elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ef14b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ef14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ef1e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ef1e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ef33d\" data-id=\"22ef33d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ef45d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ef45d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ef504 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ef504\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ef653\" data-id=\"22ef653\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ef75a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22ef75a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22ef803 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22ef803\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22ef97a\" data-id=\"22ef97a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22efa95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22efa95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Metacognitive Learning Approach on Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Mathematics in Public Secondary Schools in Kitui County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kithinji Rugendo Wairambu, Prof Nelson Jagero (PhD) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 246-252<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22efb34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22efb34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22efcd1\" data-id=\"22efcd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22efe1e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22efe1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe present study investigated the effect of the Metacognitive learning approach on students\u2019 motivation to learn mathematics based on the topic Formulae and Variation in mathematics. A Quasi-experimental design and in particular Solomon Four Design was employed for the study. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select four boys\u2019 and four girls\u2019extra county participating secondary schools. Assignment of groups to either experimental or control group was done through simple random sampling. A sample size of 360 form three students was used in the study. Students in the experimental groups were taught Formulae and Variations using Metacognitive Learning Approach (MLA) while control groups were taught the same topic using Conventional Teaching Approach (CTA). The research instrument for data collection was Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Data analysis was undertaken with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software. The study showed that Metacognitive Learning Approach (MLA) resulted to higher levels of students\u2019 scores in motivation towards learning of mathematics. The study recommends that teacher training institutions, Kenya Curriculum (KICD) and mathematics teachers should enact MLA approach as a preferred mathematics learning approach in Kenyan secondary schools. The findings of the study form basis for future research on innovative teaching approaches in mathematics education\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 246-252\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kithinji Rugendo Wairambu <\/strong><\/span>\r\nChuka University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof Nelson Jagero (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nChuka University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdellah, R. 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Psychology for Language Learning. Insights from Research, Theory, and Practice. 169- 187.\r\n[6] Ayub, N. (2010). Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on academic performance. Journal of Education and Social Sciences Pakistan Business Review, 8, 363\u2013372.\r\n[7] Cerasoli, C., Nicklin, J., &amp; Ford, M. (2014). Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Incentives Jointly Predict Performance. A 40-year Meta- analysis. Psychological Buletin 140 (4), 980.\r\n[8] Cruickshank, D., Jenkins, D., &amp; Metcalf, K. (2009). The act of teaching (5th Ed). Boston:\r\n[9] D\u2019 Martino, P., &amp; Zan, R. (2010). Me and Maths\u2019\u2019 Towards a Definition of Attitude Grounded on Students Narrratives. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education 13 (1), 27 \u2013 48.\r\n[10] DePasque, S., &amp; Tricomi. E. (2015). Effects of Intrinsic Motivation on Feedback Processing during Learning. Neuroimaging, 119, 175- 182.\r\n[11] Founch, J., &amp; Lamport, M. (2011). Do Metacognitive Strategies Improve Students Achievement in Secondary Science Classroom? Christian Perspective in Education, 4 (2)\r\n[12] George, O. (2012). Academic motivation, self-concept and academic achievement in English and Mathematics at O level (Unpublished master&#8217;s thesis). Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.\r\n[13] Hanin, V. &amp; Nieuwenhoven, C . (2020). An Exploration of the Cognitive, Motivational, Emotional and Regulatory Behaviours of Elementary \u2013 School Novice and Expert Problem Solvers. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 1- 30.\r\n[14] Harris, A. (2010). Leading Systems Transformation. Journal of Social Leadership and Management. 30 (3), 197 \u2013 207.\r\n[15] Hofferber, N., Basten, M., GroBmann, N., &amp; Wilde, M., (2016). The Effects of Autonomy Supportive and Controlling Teaching Behaviour in Biology Lessons with Primary and Secondary Experiences on Students\u2019 Intrinsic Motivation and Flow Experience. International. Journal. Science. Education. 38 (13), 2114- 2132.\r\n[16] Hunus, M. &amp; Fox, J., (2015). Assessing The Effects of Gamification in the Classroom; A Longitudinal Study on Intrinsic Motivation, Social Comparison, Satisfaction, Effort, and Academic Performance. Compute and Educ. 80, 152- 161.\r\n[17] Kasuni, J. (2014). Human Resource Factors Affecting the Performance of Mathematics in Secondary School Students in Kenya.A case of Mbitini, Division, Makueni County, Kenya.\r\n[18] Lee, H., Lim, K., &amp; Grabowski, B. (2010). Improving Self-Regulation, Learning Strategy use, and Achievement with Metacognitive Feedback. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(6), 629\u2013648.\r\n[19] Lee, N., Dekher, H., Krabbendam, L., &amp; Boschloo, A. (2012). Academic Motivation Mediates the Influence of Temporal Discounting on Academic Achievement During Adolescence.Trends in Neuroscience and Education. 1(1), 43- 48.\r\n[20] Maftoon, P., &amp; Fakhr-Alamdari, E. (2016). Exploring the Effects of Metacognitive Strategy Instruction on Metacognitive Awareness and Listening Performance through a process-based approach. International Journal of Listening, 1 \u2013 20.\r\n[21] Mahasneh, A., Al-Zou&#8217;bi, Z., Mahasneh, A., Batayneh, O.&amp; Al-Zou&#8217;bi A. (2014). Reasons for low GPA of the Hashemite University student\u2019s from the perspective of students, 10(3).74- 101.\r\n[22] Maria, M., Monteirio, V., &amp; Peixoto, F. (2012). Attitudes Towards Mathematics. Effects of Individual, Motivational and Social Support Factors. Child Development Research. Retrieved https:\/\/doi.org\/101155\/2012\/876028.\r\n[23] Onyambu, C. (2019). Analysis of the effects of teacher motivation on KCSE performance. A case of Masimba Division, Masaba South District, Kenya. MED Thesis, Kenyatta University.\r\n[24] Ozcan, &amp; Gumus, A. (2019). A modeling study to explain mathematical problem-solving performance through metacognition, self-efficacy, motivation, and anxiety. Australian Journal of Education, 63(1), 116-134.\r\n[25] Peklaj, C., &amp; Levpu\u0161\u010dek, M. (2006). Student motivation and academic success in relation to the quality of individual and collaborative work during a course in educational psychology. Annual 31 the ATEE conference Association of Teacher Education in Europe, University of Ljubljana.\r\n[26] Penkrun, R., Hall, N., Goetz, T., &amp; Perry, R. (2017). Boredom and Academic Achievement: Testing a model of Reciprocal Causation. Journal.of Education. Psychology. 106, 696- 710.\r\n[27] Radmehr, F., &amp; Drake, M. (2020). Exploring Students\u2019 Metacognitive Knowledge: The Case of Integral Calculus. Education Sciences, 10(3), 55.\r\n[28] Randolph, J. (2008). Multidisciplinary Methods in Educational Technology Research and Development. Julkaisuja. Hameenlina, Finland.\r\n[29] Ryan, R., &amp; Deci, E. (2017). Self Determination Theory. Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development and Welfare. The needs in Motivation. Retrieved https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/978\r\n[30] Shuttleworth, M. (2009). Solomon four-group design. Retrieved on 11th march 2015 from http:\/\/www.experiment_resources.com\/solomon-Four group-design.htm.\r\n[31] Skaalvik, E., Federici, R &amp; Klassen, R (2015). Mathematics achievement and self-efficacy: Relations with motivation for mathematics International Journal of Educational Research 72. 129-136\r\n[32] Smith, V. (2017). Encouraging Students Autonomy through Higher Order Thinking Skills. Grand Canyon University.\r\n[33] Taylor, B., Pearson, P., Peterson, D., &amp; Rodriguez, M. (2000). Looking Inside Classroom. Reflecting on the \u201cHow\u201d as well as the \u201cWhat\u201d in the Effective Reading Instruction. The Reading Teacher. 56 (3), 270- 279.\r\n[34] Tian, Y., Fang, Y., &amp; Jian, L. (2018). The Effects of Metacognitive Knowledge on Mathematics Performance in Self \u2013 regulated Learning Framework Multiple Mediation of Self \u2013 efficacy and Motivation, University of Houston, United States.\r\n[35] UNESCO (2016). Global Education Monitoring Report Gender Review.\r\n[36] Voi, V., Li,, R., Kornell, N., Pouget, A., &amp; Cantlon, J. (2014). Young Children bet on their Numerical Skills. Metacognition in the Numerical Domain Psychological Science, 25 (9), 1712-1721.\r\n[37] Woolfolk, A. (2008). Educational Psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kithinji Rugendo Wairambu, Prof Nelson Jagero (PhD), &#8220;Effect of Metacognitive Learning Approach on Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Mathematics in Public Secondary Schools in Kitui County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.246-252 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/246-252.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/246-252.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-metacognitive-learning-approach-on-students-motivation-to-learn-mathematics-in-public-secondary-schools-in-kitui-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Metacognitive Learning Approach on Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn Mathematics in Public Secondary Schools in Kitui County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f0dd1 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f0ea6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f1040\" data-id=\"22f1040\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f116d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f116d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f121d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f121d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f137e\" data-id=\"22f137e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f149f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f149f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f1541 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f1541\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f169f\" data-id=\"22f169f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f17b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f17b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f1861 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f1861\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f19b5\" data-id=\"22f19b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f1ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f1ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f1b66 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f1b66\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f1cc3\" data-id=\"22f1cc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f1dd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f1dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f1e73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f1e73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f1fca\" data-id=\"22f1fca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f20de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f20de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f2185 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f2185\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f22f9\" data-id=\"22f22f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f2418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f2418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of sanctions on Zimbabwe (2000-2020)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Tapfuiwa James Katsinde (Dr) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 253-259<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f24b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f24b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f2636\" data-id=\"22f2636\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f2799 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"22f2799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3661\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study evaluated the imposition and effects of sanctions on Zimbabwe. The study is guided by exchange theory. This was a desk research which used the internet and secondary sources. The study revealed that the imposition of sanctions is regarded differently by those who imposed them and by those on whom the sanctions were imposed. Each side explains the imposition of sanctions on the basis of their own interests. For the Zimbabwean government and the ruling party sanctions were imposed as a result of the land reform carried out by the government to solve the uneven distribution of land in the country. On the other hand, the western countries who imposed sanctions explain the sanctions as being caused by the Zimbabwean government\u2019s failure to respect human rights and lack of rule of law. The study also reveals that there is divergent interpretation of whether the sanctions were legal or illegal. The Zimbabwean government believe that the sanctions were illegal as they did not have the blessing of the United Nations but those who imposed the sanctions believe they were legal as they passed through their parliamentary institutions. Sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe had a negative impact on the economy to a certain extent as they are other factors for the economic instability in the country. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government should try to improve the political environment in the country to influence those who imposed sanctions to remove them<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 253-259\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3662\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3662\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tapfuiwa James Katsinde (Dr) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Peace and Governance, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3663\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3663\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Australian Government, (no date) Snapshot Zimbabwe sanctions regime. sanctions@dfat.gov.au\r\n[2] Chingono, H. (2010) Zimbabwe sanctions: An analysis of the \u201cLingo\u201d guiding the perceptions of the sanctioners and sanctionees. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, Vol 4(2), pp 066-074.\r\n[3] International Commission of Jurists, 2002) Zimbabwe attacks on Jurists, eleventh edition\r\n[4] International Crisis Group, (2012) Zimbabwe Sanctions Standoff. Africa Briefing, No. 86, Johannesburg\/Brussels.\r\n[5] Grebe, J. (2010) And they are still targeting: Assessing the effectiveness of targeted sanctions against Zimbabwe. Africa Spectrum, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 3-29.\r\n[6] Katsinde, T.J. (2019) The effects of economic and political instability on secondary schools in in Mashonaland Central in Zimbabwe: A case of. A PhD Thesis presented to Rhodes University, South Africa.\r\n[7] Mararike, M. (2019) Zimbabwe economic sanctions and Post-Colonial hangover: A Critique of Zimbabwe Democracy Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) 2001 a 2018. International Journal of Social science Studies, Vol 7, No. 1,\r\n[8] Sithole, M. and Makumbe, J. (1997) Elections in Zimbabwe: the ZANU(PF) Hegemony and its Incipient Decline. African Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 122-139.\r\n[9] Mbanje, B.B.C and Mahuku, D. N. (2011) European Union Sanctions and their impacts on Zimbabwe 2001-2009: Finding alternative means to survive. Sacha Journal of Policy and Strategic Studies, Volume 1 Number 2, pp. 1-12.\r\n[10] Musemwa, M. (2011) Zimbabwe\u2019s war veterans: From demobilisation to re-mobilisation. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, No. 75, pp.122-131.\r\n[11] Ndakaripa, M. (2014) United States\/ European Union \u2018Sanctions\u2019 and the Contestation of the Political Space in Zimbabwe, 2001-2012. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol.4 No. 4, pp. 135-149.\r\n[12] Ndlovu-Gatsheni , S.J.(2012) Elections in Zimbabwe: A recipe for tension or remedy for reconciliation. Institute for Justice and reconciliation. africapotal.org\r\n[13] Ogbonna, C. C. (2017) Targeted or Restrictive Impact of US and EU sanctions on Education and Healthcare of Zimbabweans. African Research Review, Vol. 11(3), Serial 47, pp. 31-41.\r\n[14] Prinslow, K. E. (2010) Economic sanctions and Zimbabwe. Strategy Research Project. USAWC Class of 2010.\r\n[15] Rupiya, M. R. (2002) A political and military review of Zimbabwe\u2019s involvement in the Second Congo War in J. F. Clark (ed) The African Stakes of the Congo War.\r\n[16] Zafirovski, M. (2005) Social Exchange Theory under scrutiny: A positive critique of its Economic-Behaviorist Formulations. Electronic Journal of Sociology. ISSN 1198 3655\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3664\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3664\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tapfuiwa James Katsinde (Dr) &#8220;Effects of sanctions on Zimbabwe (2000-2020)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.253-259 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/253-259.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3665\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3665\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/253-259.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3666\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3666\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-sanctions-on-zimbabwe-2000-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of sanctions on Zimbabwe (2000-2020)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f3718 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22f3718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f3803 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f3803\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f3996\" data-id=\"22f3996\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f3ace elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f3ace\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f3b71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f3b71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22f4015\" data-id=\"22f4015\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22f4136 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22f4136\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22f41df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22f41df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23000f6\" data-id=\"23000f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2300217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2300217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23002bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23002bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2300411\" data-id=\"2300411\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230051b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230051b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23005c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23005c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2300723\" data-id=\"2300723\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230084c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230084c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23008ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23008ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2300a7a\" data-id=\"2300a7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2300ba5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2300ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Skill-based Intervention Programme for Children in Conflict with Law: An Innovative Approach from University of Calcutta<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Sanjukta Das, Saranya Banerjee, Saptak Chatterjee, Sanchari Roy &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 260-266<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2300c4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2300c4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2300df5\" data-id=\"2300df5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2300f76 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2300f76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nA major population of youth is increasingly engaging in law violation activities which has become a matter of concern all over the world. The need of the hour calls for a rehabilitation programme designed to cater to the needs and deficits of conflict with law. Keeping this view in mind, a Skill Based Intervention Programme (SBIP) has been developed for CCL. The SBIP consisted of two sets of modules of group sessions: Direct Application of Psychological Principles and Application of Psychological Principles using Music and there was also another module for Individual Psychological sessions. Post the development of the Intervention Programme, the SBIP was conducted on 93 males within the age range 12-17 years. Pre-post intervention data was collected using the Adaptive Behaviour Checklist for CCL, specially developed to meet the requirements of the module. Data for Pre-intervention assessment was collected from 93 males. However, data for post assessment intervention could be collected only from 59 adolescents who participated in the entire Intervention programme. Results indicated significant differences between the pre-intervention and the post-intervention scores, the post-intervention scores significantly higher than the pre-intervention score. Change processes have been enumerated in the discussion\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 260-266\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6719<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sanjukta Das <\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor, Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saranya Banerjee<\/strong><\/span>\r\nClinical Psychologist in a project of CPEPA, University of Calcutta with Directorate of Child Rights and Trafficking, Govt. of West Bengal, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Saptak Chatterjee <\/strong><\/span>\r\nIndian Classical Vocalist, Music composer and Educator\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sanchari Roy<\/strong><\/span>\r\nClinical Psychologist in a project of CPEPA, University of Calcutta with Directorate of Child Rights and Trafficking, Govt. of West Bengal, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Bailey, D., Bruer, J., Symons, F., &amp; Lichtman, J. (2001). Critical Thinking about Critical Periods .Baltimore, ML: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.\r\n[2] Bandura, A. (1971) Social Learning Theory. General Learning Press, New York.\r\n[3] Ba\u00fcml J, Frob\u00f6se T, Kraemer S, Rentrop M, Pitschel-Walzet G. Psychoeducation: A Basic Psychotherapeutic Intervenction for atients with schizophrenia and their families. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32(S1):S1\u2013S9.\r\n[4] Bhatia, C. M. (1955). Performance tests of intelligence under Indian conditions. Oxford University Press.\r\n[5] Chaturvedi, S.; Kumari P. (2016). Contribution of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in depression. International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(8): 444-446\r\n[6] Das, S., Chatterjee, S. &amp; Das, P. (2018). Music and psychology: Exploring Pathways of Better living In S.K. Chaudhuri &amp; P. Bhattacharya Maitra (Eds.) Cross-Cutting Research in Social Sciences. ISBN 978-81-939363-0-6. UGC-HRDC, University Of Calcutta. Calcutta.\r\n[7] Flinchbaugh, C. L., Moore, E. W. G., Chang, Y. K., &amp; May, D. R. (2012). Student Well-Being Interventions: The Effects of Stress Management Techniques and Gratitude Journaling in the Management Education Classroom. Journal of Management Education, 36(2), 191\u2013219.\r\n[8] Fortune, C. A., Ward, T., and Mann, R. (2015). \u201cGood lives &amp; the rehabilitation of sex offenders: a positive treatment approach,\u201d in Positive Psychology in Practice,2nd Edn, eds A. Linley and S. Joseph (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons).\r\n[9] Fortune, C.A. (2018). The good lives model: a strength-based approach for youth offenders. Aggress. Violent Behavi. 38, 21\u201330. doi: 10.1016\/j.avb.2017.11.003\r\n[10] Goldstein, A. (1980). Thrills in response to music and other stimuli. Physiol. Psychol. 8, 126\u2013129. doi: 10.3758\/BF03326460\r\n[11] Hallam S, Price J.(1998). Can the use of background music improve the behaviour and academic performance of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties? Br J Educ Psychol ;25:88 91.\r\n[12] Harrer, G., Harrer, H., (1977). Music, emotion and autonomicarousal. In: Critchley, M., Henson, R.A. (Eds.), Music andThe Brain. Charles C. Thomas, Spring\ufb01eld, IL, pp. 202-216\r\n[13] Haspert V., Wieser M.J., Pauli P. and Reicherts P. (2020).Acceptance-Based Emotion Regulation Reduces Subjective and Physiological Pain Responses. Front. Psychol. 11:1514\r\n[14] Hayes, S. C., Hofmann, S. G., &amp; Stanton, C. E. (2020). Process-based functional analysis can help behavioral science step up to novel challenges. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.\r\n[15] Hofmann, S. G., &amp; Hayes, S. C. (2019a). The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(1), 37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/\r\n[16] Holt, M., Oshima, S., Eifuku, S., Taira, M., Kobayashi, K., Yabe, H., &amp; Niwa, S. I. (2018). Effects of storytelling on the childhood brain: near-infrared spectroscopic comparison with the effects of picture-book reading. Fukushima journal of medical science, 64(3), 125\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5387\/fms.2018-11\r\n[17] Holt, N., Furbert, L., Sweetingham, E. (2018). Cognitive and affective benefits of colouring: Two randomized controlled crossover studies. 10.31234\/osf.io\/r6w8v.\r\n[18] Huang, C. (2012). Discriminant and incremental validity of self-concept and academic self-efficacy: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology, 32(6), 777-805.\r\n[19] I\u015f\u0131k, \u015e., Erg\u00fcner-Tekinalp, B. (2017). The Effects of Gratitude Journaling on Turkish First Year College Students\u2019 College Adjustment, Life Satisfaction and Positive Affect. Int J Adv Counselling 39, 164\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10447-017-9289-8\r\n[20] Johnson, E.R. (1981). The Role of Objective and Concrete Feedback in Self-Concept Treatment of Juvenile Delinquents in Music Therapy, Journal of Music Therapy, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 137\u2013147, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmt\/18.3.137\r\n[21] Kaplan H.I., Sadock B.J. Terapia de grupo. Panamericana. 1996.\r\n[22] Lane, R. D., &amp; Smith, R. (2021). Levels of Emotional Awareness: Theory and Measurement of a Socio-Emotional Skill. Journal of Intelligence, 9(3), 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence9030042\r\n[23] Lo H.T., Fung K.P. (2003). Culturally competent psychotherapy. Can J Psychiatry. Apr;48(3):161-70. doi: 10.1177\/070674370304800304. PMID: 12728740.\r\n[24] Mathur, A., Vijayakumar, S. H., Chakrabarti, B., and Singh, N. C. (2015). Emotional responses to Hindustani raga music: the role of structure. Front. Psychol. 6:513. doi: 10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00513\r\n[25] Nagarajan K., Srinivasan T.M., Ramarao N.H.(2015). Immediate effect of listening to Indian raga on attention and concentration in healthy college students: A comparative study. J Health Res Rev;2:103-7\r\n[26] Norlizah Che Hassan. (2008). Perkaitan cara gaya keibubapaan dengan konsep kendiri dan tingkah laku Othadelikuen remaja. (Tesis PhD yang tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur).\r\n[27] Othman Ab Rahman. (2006). Kesan Program Pembimbing Rakan Sebaya (PRS) ke atas konsep kendiri, kemahiran kaunseling dan orientasi pelajar di kalangan sekumpulan pelajar-pelajar di sekolah asrama penuh. (Tesis Ph.D tidak diterbitkan, Fakulti Pendidikan UKM Bangi). Palac\u00edn M, En: S\u00e1ez Cardenas S, P\u00e9rez Calvo R.M. Grupos para la promoci\u00f3n de la salud. El Grupo en la Promoci\u00f3n y Educaci\u00f3n para la salud: Ed. Milenio; 2004.\r\n[28] Patel A.D. (2003) Language, music, syntax and the brain. Nat Neurosci 6, 674-681.\r\n[29] Riffat-Un-Nisa Awan, Ghazala Noureen, &amp; Anjum Naz. (2011, August). A Study of Relationship between Achievement Motivation, Self Concept and Achievement in English and Mathematics at Secondary Level. International Education Studies, 4(3).\r\n[30] Satoh M, Yuba T, Tabei K, Okubo Y, Kida Hirotaka, Sakuma H, Tomimoto H (2015) Music Therapy Using Singing Training Improves Psychomotor Speed in Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Neuropsychological and fMRI Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 5:296\u2013308.\r\n[31] Shafieyan, S., Soleymani, M. R., Samouei, R., &amp; Afshar, M. (2017). Effect of storytelling on hopefulness in girl students. Journal of education and health promotion, 6, 101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_59_16\r\n[32] Silvia, P. J. (2002). Self-Awareness and the Regulation of Emotional Intensity. Self and Identity,1(1),310.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/152988602317232768\r\n[33] Sloboda J. Does Music Mean Anything\u202f?(1998) MusicaeScientiae.;2(1):19-31. doi:10.1177\/102986499800200102\r\n[34] Tanner, M., and Budd, M. (1985). Understanding music. Proc. Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. 59, 215\u2013248. doi: 10.1093\/aristoteliansupp\/59.1.215\r\n[35] Ward, T., Yates, P.M., &amp; Willis, G.M. (2011). The good lives model and the risk need responsivity model: A critical response to andrews, bonta, and wormith (2011). Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(1), 94-110.\r\n[36] Ward,T.(2002).Good lives and the rehabilitation of offenders:promises and problems. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7,513-528.doi:10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00076-3\r\n[37] Wexler, D. (1995). Reflections on the Scope of Therapeutic Jurisprudence. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 1. 220-236. 10.1037\/1076-8971.1.1.220.\r\n[38] Wexler, D. (2001). Therapeutic Jurisprudence: An Overview. Thomas M. Cooley Law Review. 17.\r\n[39] Wexler, D. (2010). Therapeutic Jurisprudence and its Application to Criminal Justice Research and Development. 7.\r\n[40] Willis, G.M., Ward, T. (2013). The good lives model: Does it work? Preliminary evidence. In C.A. Leam, T.A. Gannon, &amp; L. Dixon (Eds.) What works in offender rehabilitation: An evidence-based approach to assessment and treatment. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley Sons, Ltd.\r\n[41] Wojnarowska, A., Kobylinska, D., &amp; Lewczuk, K. (2020). Acceptance as an Emotion Regulation Strategy in Experimental Psychological Research: What We Know and How We Can Improve That Knowledge. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00242\r\n[42] Yusop, Y &amp; Mohd Jamil, Mohd Ridhuan. (2015). The Needs Analysis in Self-Concept Module Development. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Science. 3(1)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sanjukta Das, Saranya Banerjee, Saptak Chatterjee, Sanchari Roy , &#8220;Skill-based Intervention Programme for Children in Conflict with Law: An Innovative Approach from University of Calcutta&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.260-266 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6719<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/260-266.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/skill-based-intervention-programme-for-children-in-conflict-with-law-an-innovative-approach-from-university-of-calcutta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Skill-based Intervention Programme for Children in Conflict with Law: An Innovative Approach from University of Calcutta<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2301f46 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23026b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2302802\" data-id=\"2302802\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2302911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2302911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23029bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23029bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2302b23\" data-id=\"2302b23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2302c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2302c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2302ccc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2302ccc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2302e2f\" data-id=\"2302e2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2302f44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2302f44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2302fdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2302fdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2303139\" data-id=\"2303139\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230324a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230324a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23032f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23032f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2303457\" data-id=\"2303457\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230357a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230357a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Speech and Language Disorders in Early Childhood<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Stephen M. Nzoka &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 267-269<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2303620 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2303620\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23037a8\" data-id=\"23037a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23038d6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23038d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper is developed on the philosophy that disabilities, be they congenital or adventitious, should not necessarily be handicaps if timely medical, educational and technological interventions have been put in place, (Barraga 1986). This augment remains true and valid whether the child is in a monolingual or multilingual context. The theme before us puts emphasis on child\u2019s developmental disorders in a \u2018multilingual context\u2019 implying the sort of consequences or effects that would follow such a child with a defective speech and language disorders. Such effects encompass isolation, labeling, child abuse, segregation, stigma, nicknaming to name but a few. To worsen the matter, such dehumanizing practices take place at home, school, church\/mosque, village and community affecting a child of 2 years to 8 years.\r\nUndoubtedly, the above social barriers apply to all categories of children. In this paper, however, special attention will be given to pre-primary and primary school going children (2 years to 8 years) with speech and language disorders, (Nzoka 2021). Speech and language are here taken to be one and complementary. In fact, there would be no language without speech. Defective speech organs often lead to language disorders, (Hallahan and Kauffman, 1991). Children with hearing impairment, autism spectrum, children with emotional and behavioral disorders, children with physical impairment and children with multiple disorders are examples. It is these disorders that lead to disabilities unless timely intervened<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 267-269\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Stephen M. Nzoka <\/strong>\r\nKenyatta University, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Barraga, N. C. (1986). Functional visual behavior of low vision children. Unpublished report of research project in Zagreb.\r\n[2] Hallahan, D. P. (1991). Exceptional children: Introduction to special education. Allyn and Bacon.\r\n[3] Hallahan, D.P. and Kauffman, J.M. 1991. Exceptional children , 5th ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice\u2010Hall.\r\n[4] Kauffman, J. M., &amp; Landrum, T. J. (2011). Characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders of children and youth(11thed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.\r\n[5] Landrum, T. J. (2017). Emotional and behavioral disorders. In J. M. Kauffman &amp; D. P. Hallahan (Eds.), Handbook of special education(pp. 312-324).New York: Routledge\r\n[6] McManus, M. E., &amp; Kauffman, J. M. (1991). Working conditions of teachers of students with behavioral disorders: A national survey. Behavioral Disorders, 16(4), 247-259.\r\n[7] Mcshane M. , Lloyd, J. W. , &amp; McGee, K. A. (1993). Adaptive and maladaptive behavior: Teachers&#8217; attitudes and their technical assistance needs. Journal of Special Education, 23, 185\u2013200.\r\n[8] Nzoka SM (2021) Human growth and learning, franciscan Kolbe press\r\n[9] Nzoka (2022) Experiene is the best teacher (unpublished)\r\n[10] Scholl Geraldine (1986) foundations of education for blind and visuakly handicap children and youth: theory and practice. American foundation for the blind. New York\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Stephen M. Nzoka &#8220;Effects of Speech and Language Disorders in Early Childhood&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.267-269 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/267-269.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/267-269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-speech-and-language-disorders-in-early-childhood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of Speech and Language Disorders in Early Childhood<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2304998 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2304998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2305cb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2305cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2305d77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2305d77\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2305ee2\" data-id=\"2305ee2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2305ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2305ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Demographic Variables on the Attitude towards the Same Gender Relationships among University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 270-274<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2306092 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2306092\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230622c\" data-id=\"230622c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230636c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"230636c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nIn Africa, homosexuality has been considered morally wrong and against the African culture. Globally, studies have shown negative attitude towards the same gender relationship among the university students. However, there is lack of similar studies with among university students in Kenya and therefore, the objective this study was to establish the influence of demographic variables of age, gender, and level of education on the attitude towards the same gender relationship among university students in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employed correlational design. Through simple random sampling the study utilized a sample size of 294 participants. The data was collected using the demographic details of the participants and attitude towards homosexuality scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and one WAY ANOVA. The results showed that all the demographic variables (age, gender and education level) had insignificant predictive relationship with attitude towards homosexuality, p\u2264 0.05.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 270-274\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) <\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Tangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Anderson, B. (2007). The politics of homosexuality in Africa. Africana, 1(1), 123-136 antigay behaviors: The harmful effects of asserting heterosexuality. Group Process &amp; Intergroup Relations, 15(4), 471\u2013486.\r\n[2] Bosson, J. K.,Weaver, J. R., Caswell, A. T., &amp; Burnaford, R. M. (2011). Gender threats and men\u2019s gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 451\u2013477. doi:10.1080\/ 00224498809551476\r\n[3] Bracke, P., Pattyn, E., &amp; Von dem Knesebeck, O. (2013). Overeducation and depressive symptoms: Diminishing mental health returns to education. Sociology of Health &amp; Illness, 35(8), 1242-1259.\r\n[4] Grey, J. A., Robinson, B. E., Coleman, E., &amp; Walter, O. B. (2013). A systematic review of instruments that measure attitudes toward homosexual men. The Journal of Sex Research, 50(3\u20134), 329\u2013352. doi:10.1080\/00224499.2012.746279\r\n[5] Herek, G. M. (1988). Homosexuals\u2019 attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and instruments that measure attitudes toward homosexual men. The Journal of Sex Research, 50(3\u20134), 329\u2013352. doi:10.1080\/00224499.2012.746279\r\n[6] Hilary L. Copp &amp; William J. Koehler (2017) Peer attitudes toward LGBTidentified university students as mediated by demographic factors, Journal of Gay &amp; Lesbian Mental Health, 21, 4, 277-291, DOI: 10.1080\/19359705.2017.1320697\r\n[7] Holland, L., Matthews, T. L., &amp; Schott, M. R. (2013). \u201cThat\u2019s so gay!\u201d Exploring college students\u2019 attitudes toward the LGBT population. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(4), 575\u2013595. homosexuals]. Tokushimabunri-Daigaku Kenky_ukiy~o [Tokushima Bunri University Research Bulletin], 84, 85\u201391.\r\n[8] Jenkins, M., Lambert, E. G., &amp; Baker, D. N. (2009). The attitudes of Black and White college students toward gays and lesbians. Journal of Black Studies, 39(4), 589\u2013613.\r\n[9] McLeod, S. A. (2019). Sampling methods. Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/sampling.html Herek, G. M. (1984). Attitudes toward lesbian and gay men: A factor-analytic study. Journal of Homosexuality, 10(1\u20132), 39\u201351. doi:10.1300\/J082v10n01_03\r\n[10] Ohlander, J., Batalova, J., &amp; Treas, J. (2005). Explaining educational influences on attitudes toward homosexual relations. Social Science Research, 34(4), 781-799.\r\n[11] Orodho, A. J. (2003). Essentials of educational and social sciences research methods. Nirobi: Masola Publisher.\r\n[12] Orodho, A.J, &amp; Kombo, D.K. (2000). Research methods. Nairobi: Kenyatta University.\r\n[13] Pew Research Center. (2013). The global divide on homosexuality. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/2013\/06\/04\/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality\r\n[14] Rutledge, S. E., Siebert,D. C., Siebert,C.,&amp;Chonody, J. (2012).Attitudes toward gays and lesbians: A latent class analysis of university students. Journal of Social Service Research, 38, 18\u201328.\r\n[15] Sallar, A.M. &amp; Somda, D.A.K. (2011). Homosexuality and HIV in Africa. An essay on using entertainment education as a vehicle for stigma reduction. Sexuality and Culture, 15, 279-307.\r\n[16] Schurink, W.J. (2005). Lecture thirteen: evaluating qualitative research. Johannesburg: Department of Human Resource Management, University of Johannesburg.\r\n[17] Sevecke, J. R., Rhymer, K. N., Almazan, E. P., &amp; Jacob, S. (2015). Effects of interaction experiences and undergraduate coursework on attitudes toward gay and lesbian issues. Journal of Homosexuality, 62, 821\u2013840.\r\n[18] Shoko, T. (2010). \u201cWorse than dogs and pigs\u201d Attitude towards homosexual practice in Zimbabwe. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 634-649.\r\n[19] The republic of Kenya. ( 2010). The constitution of Kenya. Nairobi: Government printers.\r\n[20] Tianqi Zhang (2021) Male homosexuality in Japan from the perspective of the younger generation: a case study of students at a National University, Journal of LGBT Youth, 18, 4,360-393, DOI: 10.1080\/19361653.2019.1684415\r\n[21] Van den Akker, H., Van der Ploeg, R., &amp; Scheepers, P. (2013). Disapproval of homosexuality: Comparative research on individual and national determinants of disapproval of homosexuality in 20 European countries. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(1), 64-86.\r\n[22] Woodford, M. R., Silverschanz, P., Swank, E., Scherrer, K. S., &amp; Raiz, L. (2012). Predictors of heterosexual college students\u2019 attitudes toward LGBT people. Journal of LGBT Youth, 9, 297\u2013320.\r\n[23] Worthen, M. G. F. (2012). Understanding college student attitudes toward LGBT individuals. Sociological Focus, 45(4), 285\u2013305.\r\n[24] Yamamoto, A., Okura, M., &amp; Shigemoto, T. (2012). Paasonaritei to imeeji ga d~oseiaisha ni students\u2019 attitudes toward the LGBT population. Journal of Homosexuality, 60(4), 575\u2013595\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD), &#8220;Influence of Demographic Variables on the Attitude towards the Same Gender Relationships among University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.270-274 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/270-274.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/270-274.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-demographic-variables-on-the-attitude-towards-the-same-gender-relationships-among-university-students-in-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Demographic Variables on the Attitude towards the Same Gender Relationships among University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23072bc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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data-id=\"23073a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2307542\" data-id=\"2307542\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230766b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230766b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230770f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230770f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230786b\" data-id=\"230786b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230799c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230799c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2307a40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2307a40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2307b9b\" data-id=\"2307b9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2307cb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2307cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2307d5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2307d5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2307eab\" data-id=\"2307eab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2307fbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2307fbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2308057 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2308057\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23081c6\" data-id=\"23081c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23082cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23082cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2308374 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2308374\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23084d6\" data-id=\"23084d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23085e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23085e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230867d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230867d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23087eb\" data-id=\"23087eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2308917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2308917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Awareness of Climate Change Among Subsistent Farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>EKPO, C. G. and HARUNA, I. O. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 275-282<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23089ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23089ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2308b45\" data-id=\"2308b45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2308c91 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2308c91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study assessed awareness about climate change among subsistent farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja. The descriptive survey design was employed. From a population of subsistent farmers across the Area Council, a sample size of 180 was selected from six communities using the simple random sampling technique. Climate Change Awareness Assessment Scale (CCAAS), a questionnaire design on a 4-point Likert scale format was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics including frequency counts, percentage, and mean (x) were used for data analysis. Results of the study revealed that lack of awareness about climate change among subsistent farmers in Gwagwalda Area Council has impact on their adaptation mechanisms to climate change. It was recommended among others that environmental education either in formal or informal setting be employed in effective creation of awareness about climate change to subsistent farmers to boost agricultural production in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 275-282\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>EKPO, C. G. and HARUNA, I. O. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science and Environmental Education, University of Abuja, Nigeria.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adebayo, A. A., Onu, J. I., Adebayo, E. F. &amp; Anyanwu, S. O. (2012). Farmers\u2019 awareness, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Adamawa State, Nigeria. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 9(2), 104 \u2013 114.\r\n[2] Adetayo, A. &amp; Owolade, E. (2012). Climate change and mitigation awareness in small farmers of Oyo State in Nigeria. Retrieved from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/ 10.7392\/Agriculture.70081902\r\n[3] Ado, A. M., Leshan, J., Savadogo, P. &amp; Shah, A. A. (2018). Farmers\u2019 awareness and perception of climate change impacts: Case study of Aguie district in Niger. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325083006\r\n[4] Arbuckle, J. G., Morton, L. W. &amp; Hobbs, J. (2015). Understanding farmer perspectives on climate change adaptation and mitigation: The roles of trust in sources of climate information, climate change beliefs, and perceived risk. Environment and Behavior, 47(2) 205 \u2013 234.\r\n[5] Asrat, P. &amp; Simane, B. (2018). Farmers\u2019 perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the Dabus watershed, North-West Ethiopia. Ecological Processes, 7(7), 1 \u2013 23.\r\n[6] Coumou, D. &amp; Rahmstorf, S. (2012). A decade of weather extremes. Nature Clim Change 2, 491 \u2013 496.\r\n[7] European Commission (2018). Environment challenges. Retrieved from https:\/\/ec. Europa .eu\/clima\/eu-action\/adaptation-climate-change\/how-will-we-be-affected\/environment-challenges_en\r\n[8] Fahad, S., Inayat, T., Wang, J., Dong, L., Hub, G. Khan, S. (2020). Farmers\u2019 awareness level and their perceptions of climate change: A case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 96, 1 \u2013 8. Retrieved from www.elsevier.com\/locate\/landusepol\r\n[9] Falaki, A. A., Akangbe, J. A. &amp; Ayinde, O. E. (2013). Analysis of climate change and rural farmers\u2019 perception in north central Nigeria. J. Hum Ecol, 43(2), 133 \u2013 140.\r\n[10] Harvey, C. A., Saborio\u2011Rodriguez, M., Martinez\u2011Rodriguez, M. R., Viguera, B., Chain\u2011Guadarrama, A., Vignola, R. &amp; Alpizar, F. (2018). Climate change impacts and adaptation among smallholder farmers in Central America. Agric &amp; Food Security, 7(57), 1 \u2013 20.\r\n[11] Idrisa, Y. L., Ogunbameru, B. O., Ibrahim, A. A. &amp; Bawa, D. B. (2013). Analysis of awareness and adaptation to climate change among farmers in the Sahel savannah agro-ecological zone of Borno State, Nigeria. British Journal of Environment &amp; Climate Change, 2(2), 216 &#8211; 226.\r\n[12] Juana, J. S., Kahaka, Z. &amp; Okurut, F. N. (2013). Farmers\u2019 perceptions and adaptations to climate change in sub-Sahara Africa: A synthesis of empirical studies and implications for public policy in African agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5, 121 &#8211; 132.\r\n[13] Mandleni, B. &amp; Anim, F. (2011). Perceptions of cattle and sheep farmers on climate change and adaptation in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Journal of Human Ecology, 34, 107\u2013112.\r\n[14] Mbwambo, S. G., Mourice, S. K. &amp; Tarimo, A. J. P. (2021). Climate change perceptions by smallholder coffee farmers in the Northern and Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Climate, 9, 90 &#8211; 117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cli9 060090\r\n[15] Miller, E. (2020). What is Commercial Farming? Retrieved from https:\/\/www.conse rve-energy-future.com\/commercial-farming.php\r\n[16] Mustafa, G., AbdLatif, I., Bashir, M. K., Shamsudin, M. N. &amp; Daud, M. N. (2018). Determinants of farmers&#8217; awareness of climate change. Applied Environmental Education &amp; Communication, 6, 34 \u2013 48. DOI: 10.1080\/1533 015X.2018.1454358\r\n[17] National Geographic (2021). Agriculture. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.national geographic.org \/encyclopedia\/agriculture\/\r\n[18] National Geographic (2021). Climate change. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.national geographic.or g\/encyclopedia\/climate-change\/\r\n[19] Nkwusi, G., Adeaga, S., Ayejuyo, S. &amp; Annuk, A. (2015). Climate change: Farmers&#8217; awareness, perceptions and responses in Lagos State. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 3(4), 95 &#8211; 99. doi: 10.12691\/aees-3-4-1.\r\n[20] Ricart, S., Olcina, J. &amp; Rico, A. M. (2018). Evaluating public attitudes and farmers\u2019 beliefs towards climate change adaptation: Awareness, perception, and populism at European level. Land, 8(4), 1 \u2013 24. doi:10.3390\/land8010004\r\n[21] Ringler, C., Zhu, T., Cai, X., Koo, J., &amp; Wang, D. (2010). Climate change impacts on food security in sub-Saharan Africa. IFPRI discussion paper. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ifpri.org\/sites\/ default\/files\/publications\/ifpridp01042.pdf\r\n[22] United Nations (2020). What is climate change? Retrieved from https:\/\/www. un.org\/en\/climatech ange\/what-is-climate-change\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">EKPO, C. G. and HARUNA, I. O. &#8220;Assessment of Awareness of Climate Change Among Subsistent Farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.275-282 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/275-282.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/275-282.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-awareness-of-climate-change-among-subsistent-farmers-in-gwagwalada-area-council-abuja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Awareness of Climate Change Among Subsistent Farmers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2309b92 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2309b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-id=\"230a740\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230a853 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230a853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230a8fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230a8fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230aa50\" data-id=\"230aa50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230ab5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230ab5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230ac1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230ac1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230ad79\" data-id=\"230ad79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230ae94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230ae94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230af31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230af31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230b0b3\" data-id=\"230b0b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230b1d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230b1d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Network actors on Entrepreneurship Development among Uwezo Funded Youth Groups in Kitui County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kirk Mutua, Dr Stephen Ntuara Kiriinya &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 283-287<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230b27a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230b27a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230b411\" data-id=\"230b411\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230b54e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"230b54e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe Kenyan government, in line with the Medium-Term Plan (MTP) of Vision 2030, chose to support start-ups and growth of youth enterprises by providing an enabling environment and facilitating support programmes that develop the business sector. This study examines the influence of business network actors on entrepreneurship development among Uwezo funded youth groups in Kitui County, Kenya. The findings are useful to the government of Kenya, agencies involved in the management of youth funds as they can be guided on what to capture while reviewing or developing policies related to the role of business networking factors on entrepreneurship development. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 336 youth group leaders from the Uwezo Funded youth-owned SMEs in Kitui County. Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting a sample size of 102 respondents. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by use of semi-structured questionnaires; the questionnaires included structured and unstructured questions. The questionnaires were administered by use of a drop off and pick up later method while secondary data was obtained from Uwezo Fund reports and group financial statements. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze the quantitative data. Further, quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed using textual analysis and the results were presented using narrations (in prose form). The study found out that, network actors influenced entrepreneurship development of Uwezo funded youth groups. From the findings, it was recommended that Uwezo fund management should consider organizing sensitization meetings for group leaders on how to identify and work with network actors. Further research should be undertaken to examine other contributors to entrepreneurship development and in other Kenya Counties as well\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 283-287\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kirk Mutua <\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Business, Kenyatta University, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Stephen Ntuara Kiriinya<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, The Technical University of Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdelhaey, S.A. (2019), &#8220;Bringing the individual back in: Private entrepreneurs as actors in international relations \u2013 the case of Mark Zuckerberg&#8221;, Review of Economics and Political Science, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 304-320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/REPS-04-2019-0048\r\n[2] Ameh, A., Amodu, A., &amp; Aka, U. (2016). Ama Social Networks and Entrepreneurship Orientation among Students in Nigerian Universities: A Study of Social Network Size and Risk Disposition\r\n[3] Bosma, N., &amp; Kelley, D. (2018). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2018\/2019 Global Report. https:\/\/www.gemconsortium.org\/file\/open?fileId=50213\r\n[4] Cooper, D. R. &amp; Schindler, R.S. (2003). Business Research Methods. (8th Ed.),\r\n[5] European Commission (2016). Work Programme, financing decision and support measures \u2013 2016 COSME Work Programme Annex\u2019, Brussels, 18.1.2016, C (2016) 63, page 16 (http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/DocsRoom\/documents\/15130\/attachments\/1\/translations\/en\/renditions\/native,\r\n[6] Flores A., Pereira E., &amp; Graca H. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in knowledge transfer to and within tourism. Emerald Publishing Limited, 8, 97-111.\r\n[7] Ghalumyan, T. (2020). Networking in Entrepreneurship: Why it is Important? https:\/\/lsbc.lu\/networking-in-entrepreneurship-why-it-is-important\/\r\n[8] Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI), (2019). Global Entrepreneurship Index. https:\/\/thegedi.org\/global-entrepreneurship-and-development-index\/\r\n[9] Hearn, S. (2012). Evaluating networks &#8211; some resources and some software. Better Evaluation. Blog retrieved January 2017 from http:\/\/betterevaluation.org\/en\/blog\/evaluating-networks\r\n[10] Hedvall, K. Jagstedt, S. &amp; Dubois, A. (2019). Solutions in business networks: Implications of an inter-organizational perspective. J. Bus. Res. in press\r\n[11] International Labour Organization, (2020). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020.\r\n[12] Karunanidhi, R. (2017). 6 Ways Networking Helps Entrepreneurs. Available at https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/299088\r\n[13] Kasemsap, K. (2017). The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Global Business. IGI Global Publisher. https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/chapter\/the-importance-of-entrepreneurship-in-global-business\/179744\r\n[14] Lama, A. Shrestha, A. &amp; Hamde, K. (2019). Factors influencing in networking activities in SMEs: An exploratory study of factors that initiate networking activities in case of SMEs. Umea School of Business. Available at https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:471260\/FULLTEXT02\r\n[15] Mugenda, O, M &amp; Mugenda, A,G. (2003). Research Methods: Quantitative &amp; New York, Prentice Hall.\r\n[16] Nigro, L. &amp; Abbate, L. (2011). Risk assessment and profit sharing in business networks. International Journal of Production Economics 131(1):234-241. DOI:10.1016\/j.ijpe.2009.08.014\r\n[17] Njau, J. M., Wachira, D. A. W., &amp; Mugambi Mwenda, D. L. K. (2019). Effect of access to networks support provided by business incubators on technology based new venture creation in Kenya. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 4(1), 33 \u2013 50. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.iprjb.org\/journals\/index.php\/IJEPM\/article\/view\/816\r\n[18] Nyangarika, A. (2016) Impact of Networking on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania, European Journal of Business and Management, 8(6):48-57\r\n[19] Purbasari, R., Wijaya, C., &amp; Rahayu, N. (2019). Interaction of Actors and Factors in Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Indonesian Creatives Industries. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 21- 45\r\n[20] Qualitative Aproaches. Nairobi, ACTS Press.\r\n[21] Shobhit, S. (2021). Why Entrepreneurship Is Important to the Economy. https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/articles\/personal-finance\/101414\/why-entrepreneurs-are-important-economy.asp\r\n[22] Tashakova, O. (2018). How Networking Can Increase Your Business&#8217; Net Worth. https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/314496\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kirk Mutua, Dr Stephen Ntuara Kiriinya , &#8220;Influence of Network actors on Entrepreneurship Development among Uwezo Funded Youth Groups in Kitui County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.283-287 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/283-287.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/283-287.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-network-actors-on-entrepreneurship-development-among-uwezo-funded-youth-groups-in-kitui-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Network actors on Entrepreneurship Development among Uwezo Funded Youth Groups in Kitui County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230c4d8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"230c4d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230c5b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230c92c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230ca94\" data-id=\"230ca94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230cbb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230cbb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230cc6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230cc6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230cdc8\" data-id=\"230cdc8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230cedd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230cedd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230cf7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230cf7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230d0d3\" data-id=\"230d0d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230d1ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230d1ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230d294 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230d294\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230d3dc\" data-id=\"230d3dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230d4f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230d4f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230d59b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230d59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230d6f2\" data-id=\"230d6f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230d7f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230d7f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230d8a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230d8a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230da0c\" data-id=\"230da0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230dc32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230dc32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Domination of Colonial Law in The Middle of Indonesian Moslem Society<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Muhammad Nur Islami &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 288-295<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230dd18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230dd18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230ded0\" data-id=\"230ded0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230e00b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"230e00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEMS<\/p>\r\nThis short article intends to explain the major problems faced by Indonesia since been colonized by a foreign nation (in this case mainly the Netherlands) for three and a half centuries with all its consequences, namely the existence of foreign law until now in Indonesia, including the influence of European culture in the life of people who are predominantly muslim with the traditions and culture of course different from the tradition and culture of the colonial. Circumstances should be terminated immediately it can certainly be felt by everyone that upholds and respects the religious laws adopted by the muslim majority of Indonesia\u2019s population. After 70 years of Indonesian independent, largely of colonial law is still exist in the entire territory of Indonesia. Indonesian people seemed no longer care about these issues, or at least only a small part of Indonesian society are seriously thinking about it. And for a great nation like Indonesia should the laws of society are in accordance with the community\u2019s culture, and culture is a culture that is supposed to be created\/built on the majority religion in this country embraced the religion of Islam. So, it can be said that the law should be the law of Indonesia are built on the teachings and culture of Islam, but the reality showed that the laws of the Dutch Law such as \u2018Wetboek van Straftrecht\u2019, \u2018Burgerlijk Wetboek\u2019 and \u2018Wetboek van Koophandel\u2019 are still apply today\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 288-295\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6720<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad Nur Islami <\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] A.Qodri Azizy, Eklektisisme Hukum nasional, Kompetisi Antara Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Umum, Gama Media Yogyakarta, 2004.\r\n[2] Aqib Suminto, Politik Islam Hindia Belanda, Het Kantoor voor Indlandsche Zaken, LP3ES Jakarta, 1985\r\n[3] Adian Husaini, Pancasila Bukan Untuk Menindas Hak Konstitusional Umat Islam, Gema Insani Press Jakarta, 2009.\r\n[4] Artawijaya, Jaringan Yahudi Internasional Di Nusantara, Dari Zaman Hindia Belanda Hingga Pasca Kemerdekaan, Pustaka Al-Kautsar Jakarta, 2010.\r\n[5] &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;, Gerakan Theosofi Di Indonesia, Menelusuri Jejak Aliran Kebatinan Yahudi Sejak Masa Hindia Belanda Hingga Era Reformasi, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, Jakarta 2010.\r\n[6] Gunther Teubner, Dilemmas Of law in The Welfare State, New York : Walter de Gruyter, 1986.\r\n[7] Irfan S.Awwas, Trilogi Kepemimpinan Negara Islam Indonesia, Menguak Perjuangan Umat Islam Dan Pengkhianatan Kaum Nasionalis Sekuler, USWAH Yogyakarta, 2008.\r\n[8] Muhyar Fanani, Membumikan Hukum Langit, Nasionalisasi Hukum Islam Dan Islamisasi Hukum Nasional, Tiara Wacana Yogyakarta, 2008.\r\n[9] Minhaji, Sejarah Sosial Dalam Studi Islam, Teori, Metodologi Dan Implementasi, Sunan Kalijaga Press, Yogyakarta, 2010.\r\n[10] Muhammad Sayyid Al-Wakil, Wajah Dunia Islam, Dari Bani Umayyah Hingga Imperialisme Modern, Pustaka Al-Kautsar Jakarta, 2005.\r\n[11] Muhammad Abdul Karim, Islam Dan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (Membongkar Marjinalisasi Peranan Islam Dalam Perjuangan Kemerdekaan RI), Sumbangsih Press Yogyakarta, 2005.\r\n[12] Niels Murder, Individual And Society in Java, A Cultural Analysis, Gajah Mada University Press Yogyakarta, 1994.\r\n[13] Peter Carey, Kuasa Ramalan, Pangeran Diponegoro Dan Akhir Tatanan Lama di Jawa, 1785-1855,KPG-KITLV Jakarta, 2012.\r\n[14] Ridwan Saidi \u2013 Rizki Ridyasmara, Fakta Dan Data Yahudi Di Indonesia, Dulu Dan Kini, Khalifa Jakarta, 2009.\r\n[15] Syarifuddin Jurdi, Sosiologi Islam, Elaborasi Pemikiran Sosial Ibnu Khaldun, Teras Yogyakarta, 2008.\r\n[16] Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, Dari hukum Kolonial Ke Hukum Nasional, Dinamika Sosial Politik Dalam Perkembangan Hukum Di Indonesia, Raja Grafindo Persada Jakarta, 1995.\r\n[17] Satjipto Rahardjo, Sosiologi hukum, Perkembangan Metode dan Pilihan Masalah, Genta Publishing Yogyakarta, 2010.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad Nur Islami &#8220;Domination of Colonial Law in The Middle of Indonesian Moslem Society&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.288-295 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6720<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/288-295.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/domination-of-colonial-law-in-the-middle-of-indonesian-moslem-society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Domination of Colonial Law in The Middle of Indonesian Moslem Society<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230ee7b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"230ee7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230f29c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230f29c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230f3ed\" data-id=\"230f3ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230f512 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230f512\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230f5ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230f5ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230f70c\" data-id=\"230f70c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230f828 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230f828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230f8cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230f8cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230fa22\" data-id=\"230fa22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230fb32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230fb32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230fbd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230fbd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-230fd3a\" data-id=\"230fd3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230fe57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"230fe57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-230fef5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"230fef5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2310053\" data-id=\"2310053\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231016d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231016d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2310211 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2310211\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2310377\" data-id=\"2310377\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23104a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23104a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Mediating Effect of Academic Motivation on the Relationship between Metacognitive Skills, Students Attitudes and Beliefs toward Mathematics<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Albert G. Camacho &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 296-308<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2316bf2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2316bf2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2316fd9\" data-id=\"2316fd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2317276 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2317276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3671\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study determined the mediating effect of academic motivation on the relationship between metacognitive skills, student attitudes and beliefs toward mathematics in selected colleges, particularly Davao del Norte. The study adopted a quantitative non-experimental correlational descriptive survey design with a sample of 339 first-year college students. Sets of adapted survey questionnaires were used in this study to obtain data from the respondents subjected for content validity and reliability analysis. The data were analyzed using the Mean, Pearson-r, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Medgraph using the Sobel z-test. The results revealed that in first-year college students; levels of academic motivation, metacognitive skills, attitude and beliefs are evident most of the time. Moreover, a significant relationship existed between these variables. The mediation of academic motivation on the relationship between metacognitive skills, students\u2019 attitudes and beliefs towards the mathematics of first-year college in a selected institution was proven in the study\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 296-308\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6721<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3672\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Albert G. Camacho <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, University of Mindanao Panabo College, Pedro N. Arguelles St., Brgy San Francisco, Panabo City, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3673\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdelrahman R., (2020). Metacognitive awareness and academic motivation and their impact on academic achievement of Ajman University students. Heliyon.2020;6:e04192. Retrieve from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7481518\/\r\n[2] Ariani, D. W. (2017). Why am I burnout and engaged? The role of motivation and personality. 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The effect of cooperative learning method enhanced with metacognitive strategies on students\u2019 metacognitive skills in math course. Egitim Ve Bilim, 42(192) Retrieved from https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1966351858?accountid=31259\r\n[16] Fokina, E. N., Berduygina, O. N., &amp; Ermakova, E. V. (2017). Teacher&#8217;s professional activity to make students&#8217; motivation to learn math higher. International Information Institute (Tokyo).Information, 20(8), 5551- 5562. Retrieved from https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/2020739744?accountid=31259\r\n[17] Garcia, T., et.al (2015). Metacognitive Knowledge and Skills in Students with Deep Approach to Learning. Evidence from Mathematical Problem Solving. Revista de Psicodid\u00e1ctica, 20(2), 209-226. Retriecve from http:\/\/www.ehu.eus\/ojs\/index.php\/psicodidactica\/article\/viewFile\/13060\/12 718\r\n[18] Haciomeroglu, G. (2017). 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Metacognitive skills and intellectual ability of young adolescents: A longitudinal study from a developmental perspective. European journal of psychology of education, 29(1), 117-137.\r\n[42] Velzen, J. (2016). Metacognitive Knowledge in Theory. Metacognitive Learning. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.\r\n[43] Yasar, M. (2015). High School Students\u2019 Attitude towards mathematics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science &amp; Technology Education, 2016, 12(4), 931-945. School of Education, Pamukkale University, 20020, Denizli, TURKEY. Retrieve from: doi: 10.12973\/eurasia.2016.1571a\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3674\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3674\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Albert G. Camacho, &#8220;The Mediating Effect of Academic Motivation on the Relationship between Metacognitive Skills, Students Attitudes and Beliefs toward Mathematics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.296-308 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6721<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3675\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3675\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/296-308.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3676\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3676\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-mediating-effect-of-academic-motivation-on-the-relationship-between-metacognitive-skills-students-attitudes-and-beliefs-toward-mathematics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Mediating Effect of Academic Motivation on the Relationship between Metacognitive Skills, Students Attitudes and Beliefs toward Mathematics<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2318e10 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2318e10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-2319e31\" data-id=\"2319e31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231a062 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231a062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231a1af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"231a1af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-231a442\" data-id=\"231a442\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231a655 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231a655\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231a78a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"231a78a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-231aa2a\" data-id=\"231aa2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231ac36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231ac36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231ad71 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"231ad71\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-231afe9\" data-id=\"231afe9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231b487 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231b487\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231b5f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"231b5f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-231b89f\" data-id=\"231b89f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231bad2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"231bad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigating and Addressing Oil Related Conflicts in Niger Delta: A Case Study of Warri<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Falode I.A and Egunjobi, L &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 309-314<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-231bc0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"231bc0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-231bef4\" data-id=\"231bef4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231c163 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"231c163\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Niger Delta area of Nigeria has the largest reserves of oil and gas in West Africa yet is the most polluted in the world. Sequel to oil exploration and development, the land, water and air environment used to be green. However, the increasing petroleum pollution of the Niger Delta environment since oil exploitation began in Oloibiri in 1956 has resulted into alarming rise in poverty levels birthing violent conflicts and fatalities among the major stakeholders including oil companies, government and the people of Niger Delta. The ongoing conflict in the Niger Delta started in the early 1990s with Warri becoming the epicenter of regional violence. Recent efforts towards ending conflict and insecurity such as declaration of amnesty and 13% derivation principle has not yielded much success. The objective of this study is to investigate the root cause of oil related conflicts and examine different traditional approaches such as elder\u2019s intervention, inter-marriage, oath-taking in view of adopting the best method in proffering lasting solutions to the lingering crisis in Warri. The study area is Warri Township in Delta State, Nigeria. It is located on latitudes 50 27&#8242; N and 50 36&#8242; N and longitudes 50 40&#8217;E and 50 48&#8242; E. It is one of the largest and oldest towns in Delta State and located on the banks of the lower Niger Delta. The study employed the tool of survey questionnaire to acquire data relating to conflict and conflict resolution methods in Warri Township. Two hundred (200) copies of questionnaire were administered to the residents of Warri community using random sampling technique in 5 selected communities among the Ijaw, Urhobo and Itsekiri tribes of Warri where conflict is preponderant which gives room for equal chance of any resident to be chosen in the study area. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the frequencies of the variables in terms of their percentage. Results of the analysis show that the management of conflict in this town must embrace the use of negotiation, mediation, public participation as well as the traditional methods of peaceful coexistence such as, intervention of elders, oath-taking and inter-tribal marriage. It is recommended that Stakeholders must ensure that conflicting parties understand each other\u2019s culture, weaken stereotype they have of each other, ultimately to enhance effective intercultural communication.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 309-314\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Falode I.A <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of English, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Egunjobi, L <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adeniyi, O. E. (1998). Environmental and Social Economic Impact of Oil Spillages in the Petroleum Producing Riverine Area of Nigeria. In Proceeding Of 1997 NNPC International Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and Nigeria Environment\r\n[2] Afinotan, L. A. and Ojakorotu, V. 2009. The Niger Delta crisis: issues, challenges and prospects. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Vol. 3, No: 5, pp. 191-198.\r\n[3] Ayofe, A. A. 2009. Curtailing conflicts in the resource-endowed Niger Delta communities of Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences Vol.7, No: 1, pp. 1-16.\r\n[4] Falode, O. A., Ogedengbe, K. and Bickersteth, T. (2006). \u201cManaging Environmental Conflicts in the Oil Producing Areas of Nigeria.\u201d Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 1(3): 259-272. (USA).\r\n[5] Federal Ministry of Environment Abuja, Nigerian Conservation Foundation Lagos, WWF UK and CEESP-IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic, and Social Policy, May 31,(2006). Niger Delta Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Project.\r\n[6] Fjelde, H. 2009. Buying peace? Oil wealth, corruption and civil war, 1985\u201399. Journal of Peace Research Vol. 46, No: 2, pp. 199\u2013218.\r\n[7] Halleson, D.N., 2009. An analysis of natural resources related conflicts in Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Cameroon Journal on Democracy and Human Rights, 3(1), pp. 47- 70.\r\n[8] Ibeanu, O. (with Ike Ifelunni), \u2018Antinomies of wealth: oil revenue allocation\r\n[9] Idowu, O. F. 2012. Niger Delta crises: implication for society and organizational effectiveness. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences Vol.7 No: II.\r\n[10] Ihayere, C., Ogeleka, D. F. and Ataine, T. I. 2014. The effects of the Niger Delta oil crisis on women folks. Journal of African Studies and Development Vol. 6, No: 1, pp. 14-21.\r\n[11] Karl, T.L (1997). The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States, Berkeley: University\r\n[12] Nwankwo, B. O. 2015. The politics of conflict over oil in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: A review of the corporate social responsibility strategies of the oil companies. American Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3, No: 4, pp. 383-392.\r\n[13] Okonta, I and Douglas, O. (2001). Where Vultures Feast. 40 Years of Shell in the Niger\r\n[14] Okumagba, P. O. 2012. Oil exploration and crisis in the Niger Delta: the response of Militia Groups. Journal of Sustainable Society Vol. 1, No: 3, 78-83.\r\n[15] Omole, O. and Falode, O.A. (1998). Analysis of petroleum pollution incidents in the Nigerian petroleum Industry. Journal of Science Research, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, vol 4 no 1 pp.1-12. 25-33.\r\n[16] Owolabi, O. and Okwechime, I. 2007. Oil and security in Nigeria: the Niger Delta crisis. Africa Development Vol. XXXII, No: 1, pp. 1\u201340.\r\n[17] Oyefusi, A. (2007) \u201cOil and the Propensity to Armed Struggle in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria\u201d Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 8\r\n[18] Udosen, C., Etok, A.S and George, I.N (2009). Fifty Years of Oil Exploration in Nigeria: The Paradox of Plenty. Global Journal of Social Sciences 8(2):37-47 University Press. Columbia.\r\n[19] Ugbomeh, B. A. and Atubi, A. O. 2010. The role of the oil industry and the Nigerian state in defining the future of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. African Research Review Vol. 4, No: 2, pp. 103-112.\r\n[20] United Nations Development Programme (2006). Niger Delta Human Development Report. Pp 229.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Falode I.A and Egunjobi, L &#8220;Investigating and Addressing Oil Related Conflicts in Niger Delta: A Case Study of Warri&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.309-314 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/309-314.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigating-and-addressing-oil-related-conflicts-in-niger-delta-a-case-study-of-warri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Investigating and Addressing Oil Related Conflicts in Niger Delta: A Case Study of Warri<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2320866 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2320866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2321ce2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2321f7d\" data-id=\"2321f7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23221ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23221ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2322308 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2322308\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232259b\" data-id=\"232259b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23227b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23227b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2322904 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2322904\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23234fd\" data-id=\"23234fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232376b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232376b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23238a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23238a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2323b7c\" data-id=\"2323b7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2323da3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2323da3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Revisiting the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited ASCL as Development Driver in Nigeria: The Policy Alternative<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Shidali Nasiru Ph.D., Maiye B. Olusegun &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 315-321<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2323efd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2323efd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23241f2\" data-id=\"23241f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2324466 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2324466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis paper has revisited the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited as development driver in Nigeria with a view to presenting pragmatic policy alternatives. It sought to find out the socio-economic contributions of the solid minerals sector to Nigeria\u2019s economic development and look into how corruption has hampered the contributions of the Ajaokuta Steel Company limited to Nigeria\u2019s economic emancipation. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources with structured questionnaire administered to both staff of the company and members of the host communities while structural-functionalism served as the theoretical framework. Findings showed that there are inadequate and holistic development policies in the country and that one of the reasons that can explain that is the neglect of the solid mineral sector in general which has the capacity to industrialize the country. Also, it was discovered that majority of Nigerians have realized the urgent need for economic diversification if Nigeria must attain the much desired national economic development through industrialization. Ajaokuta iron and steel company has the capacity to increase the country\u2019s GDP, reduce social inequality, unemployment and poverty rate which have widened in the country. The paper recommends that there is need for definite revamping efforts for steel plants by the government through the Federal Ministry of Mines and Solid Minerals. This will provide the legal framework for mining as well as miners in Nigeria. Also, the government should carry out a comprehensive inventory of the country\u2019s mineral resource potentials and actively promote the development of these resources for both local and foreign consumptions as this will encourage the development of local sources of raw materials for the nation\u2019s industries.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 315-321\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shidali Nasiru Ph.D. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science &amp; International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maiye B. Olusegun<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Political Science &amp; International Relations, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abah, N.C. (2010) Development Administration: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach Enugu: John Jacob Classic Publishers Ltd.\r\n[2] Aboyade, C. (1980): Federaslism and the Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria. \u201cDiversification and Revamping of Solid Minerals Sector\u201d journals vol: 1No 12.\r\n[3] Agbu, O. (2007). The iron and steel industry and Nigerias industrialization: Exploring cooperation with Japan. Institute of developing economics, Japan External Trade Organization.\r\n[4] Agbu, O. (2009) Technological acquisition, development and infrastructural politics; a case study of Nigeria\u2019s Ajaokuta Steel Project 1967 \u2013 1992. PhD study Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka\r\n[5] Ajaegbu, F.O. and Eze, E. (2010) Public Policy Making and Analysis Enugu: Spring Time Press.\r\n[6] Akinrinsola, E.O. and Adekeye, J.I.D. (1993). A geostatisical ore reserve estimation of the Itakpe iron ore deposits Okene, Kogi state. Journal of Mining and Geology 29 (1): 19 \u2013 25.\r\n[7] Akongwale, S., Ayodele,O.S., &amp;Udefuna, .P.N (2013). Economic Diversification in Nigeria: AnyRole forSolid Mineral Development?Mediterranean Journal of\r\n[8] Alafara, A.B., Adekola, F.A. and Folashade, A.O. (2005). Quantitative leaching of a nigerian iron ore in hydrochloric acid. J. Appl. Sci. Mgt. 9(3): 15 \u2013 20.\r\n[9] Alison-Madueke, D. (2009). Opportunities in Nigeria\u2019s Minerals Sector. Ministry of Mines And Steel Development, Abuja, Nigeria, 22nd April 2009.\r\n[10] Almond, G. A., &amp; Powell, G. 8., Jr (1969). Comparative politics: A developmental Approach, Bostoni Little, Brown.\r\n[11] Anikeze, N. (2011) Fundamental issues in Nigeria Politics, Government and Development Administration. Enugu: Academic Publishers Company.\r\n[12] Anyakwo, C.N. and Obot, O.W. (2011). Laboratory studies on phosphorous removal from NigeriasAgbaja iron ore by Bacillus subtillis. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 10(9): 817 \u2013 825.\r\n[13] Chokor, B. (1993). Government policy and environmental protection in the developing world: The example of Nigeria. Environmental Management, 17(1), 15-30.\r\n[14] Chrisman, A (2003) Essays in Nigerian contemporary history Lagos first academic publishers\r\n[15] Chukwu, L. (2013). Fresh controversy over PIB, Ajaokuta steel company. The Guardian Sunday 13 January, 2013.\r\n[16] Cochran, C. (2007) Public Policy: Politics and Analysis. Washington: C.Q Press.\r\n[17] Collier, P., Soludo, C.C. and Pattillo, C. (2008). Economic policy options for a prosperous Nigeria. Palgrave Macmillian.\r\n[18] Egonmwan, J. (1991). Public Policy Analysis: Concepts and Applications: Benin City: S.M.O. Aka and Brothers Press.\r\n[19] Ezeani, E. O. (2006). Fundamentals of Public Administration. Enugu: Snaap Press Ltd.\r\n[20] Fisher, J. R. (1991). News media functions in policy making.Canadian Journal of Communications, 16(l), 139-145. Ret\u00a1ieved April, 2019, from http:\/\/wwn.cjc-online.calindex.php\/joumayarticle\/vie\u00f85 89\/495\r\n[21] Gboyega A (2003). Democracy and Development: The Imperative of Local Governance. An Inaugural Lecture, University of Ibadan, pp 6-7.\r\n[22] Godwin, E. E. and Ubong, U. (2015), Economic diversification and economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 6, 16, www.iiste.org .\r\n[23] Hodder, R. (2000) Development Geography London: Routledge\r\n[24] Holt, R (1967) The Methodology of Comparative Research, New York: The Free Press.\r\n[25] Ikelegbe, A. (2006) Public Policy Analysis: Concepts, Issues and Cases. Lagos: Imprint Services.\r\n[26] Naomi, K.A. (1995) fundamentals of development economics, Lagos: precept books\r\n[27] Nasir, E. (2011): Unlocking the Potential in Solid Minerals. USA Africa Dialogue Series. 7th October 2011 09:20\r\n[28] Ozor, E. (2004) Public Enterprises in Nigeria: A study in Public Policy Making in Changing Political Economy. Ibadan: University Press Plc.\r\n[29] Rodney, W. (1972), How Europe underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogleoutteture publications. Fanon, f. (1961), The wretched of the Earth. England: Penguim Books.\r\n[30] Sachs, J. D. &amp; Warner, A. M. (1997): \u201cNational Resources and Economic Growth\u201d Discussion Study. Harvard institute of International Development\r\n[31] Seers, D (1969).The Meaning of Development. Eleventh World conference of the Society for International Development. New Delhi.Naomi, K.A. (1995) fundamentals of development economics, Lagos: precept books\r\n[32] Suberu, O. (2007). Ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria: Causal analysis and proposals for new management strategies. European Journal of Social Sciences\r\n[33] Susser, B. (1992). Approahes to the Study of Politics. New York:Macmillan\r\n[34] United Nations Development Programme (2009), Human Development Report, New York.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shidali Nasiru Ph.D., Maiye B. Olusegun , &#8220;Revisiting the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited ASCL as Development Driver in Nigeria: The Policy Alternative&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.315-321 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/315-321.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/315-321.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/revisiting-the-ajaokuta-steel-company-limited-ascl-as-development-driver-in-nigeria-the-policy-alternative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Revisiting the Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited ASCL as Development Driver in Nigeria: The Policy Alternative<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2326436 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2326436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23265d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23265d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2326887\" data-id=\"2326887\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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data-id=\"23274b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232789c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232789c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23279ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23279ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2327cb5\" data-id=\"2327cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2327ee9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2327ee9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232803c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232803c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23282f8\" data-id=\"23282f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2328527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2328527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2328664 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2328664\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2328918\" data-id=\"2328918\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2328b3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2328b3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2328c84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2328c84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2328f3f\" data-id=\"2328f3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232916f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232916f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Single Parenting on the Education of Junior High School Students of Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Derrick Nii Quarcoopome Sackey, Albert Bekoe Mensah, Paul Williams Obeng &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 322-328<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23292a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23292a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2329572\" data-id=\"2329572\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23297ec elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23297ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted to investigate the influence of single parenting on the education of junior high school students of Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The stratified random sampling technique was used to sample one hundred and eighty students from three junior high schools for the study. A close-ended questionnaire was used to gather data from the respondents sampled for the study. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that the causes of single parenting at Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality include death of parent, and separation. Also, the study concluded that the challenges students from single parenting families encounter include students do not easily socialize in the classroom and they exhibit signs of low self-esteem. In addition, the study concluded that the effect of single parenting on the education of junior high school students include students were frequently absent from school and hence, they scored low marks in class exercises. The study recommends that stakeholders of education including teachers, parents, and opinion leaders at Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality need to put in place appropriate mechanisms to reduce separation, desertion, and unplanned pregnancy which are rampant in the Effiduase Community. Also, teachers and parents should solicit the assistance of philanthropists in the Effiduase Community to come to the aid of brilliant but needy students from single parent families.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 322-328\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Derrick Nii Quarcoopome Sackey <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, SDA College of Education, Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Albert Bekoe Mensah <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Languages, SDA College of Education, Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul Williams Obeng <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, SDA College of Education, Koforidua, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Ackerman, B., D\u2019Eramo, K. 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Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 2(5), 378-401.\r\n[19] Olaleye, Y. L., &amp; Oladeji, D. (2010). Single parenthood impact on street children in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 4(2), 185-196.\r\n[20] Olugbenga, F. V. (2014). Impact of single-parenting on senior secondary students\u2019 academic performance in mathematics in Ondo west local government area on Ondo state. Unpublished project work, Adeyemi college of Education, Ondo.\r\n[21] Omolayo, B. O. (2003). Influence of parental separation on moral attitude of adolescents. Journal of Education, 3, 83-90.\r\n[22] Ortesse, P. T. (1998). Single-parenting in Nigeria: Counselling concerns and implications. The Counsellor, 150(1), 61-66.\r\n[23] Osiboye, O. O. (2005). Impacts of broken homes on academic performance of secondary school students in Chemistry. Journal of Teacher Education New Series, 8(1), 47-50.\r\n[24] Salami, B. O. (1998). Aetiology, treatment, and prevention of juvenile delinquency among school-going adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Education, 2(11), 1-18.\r\n[25] Salami, S. O., &amp; Alawode, E. A. (2000). Influence of single parenting on academic achievement of adolescents in secondary school: Implication for counselling. Ibadan: University of Ibadan.\r\n[26] Santrock, J. W. (2004). Life-span development (9th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.\r\n[27] Sigle-Rushton, W., &amp; McLanahan, S. (2004). Father absence and child well-being. A Critical Review, 116, 120-122.\r\n[28] Tenibiaje, M. O., &amp; Tenibiaje, D. J. (2011). Effects of single-parenthood on the academic performance of secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 240-248.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Derrick Nii Quarcoopome Sackey, Albert Bekoe Mensah, Paul Williams Obeng &#8220;Influence of Single Parenting on the Education of Junior High School Students of Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.322-328 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/322-328.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-single-parenting-on-the-education-of-junior-high-school-students-of-effiduase-in-the-new-juaben-north-municipality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Single Parenting on the Education of Junior High School Students of Effiduase in the New Juaben North Municipality<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232b4f2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"232b4f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232b687 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232b687\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232b942\" data-id=\"232b942\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232bb91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232bb91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232bcd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232bcd4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232bf8f\" data-id=\"232bf8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232c1b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232c1b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232c2f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232c2f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232c592\" data-id=\"232c592\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232c7bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232c7bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232c8fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232c8fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232cda9\" data-id=\"232cda9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232cfe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232cfe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232d114 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232d114\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232d396\" data-id=\"232d396\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232d599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232d599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232d6b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232d6b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232d94e\" data-id=\"232d94e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232db69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232db69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232dcab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232dcab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232df6a\" data-id=\"232df6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232e193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"232e193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fatek (Tattoo): An Ethnic Bontoc Marker in the Northern Philippines<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Arnel M. Kisofen &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 329-334<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-232e2d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232e2d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-232e5d6\" data-id=\"232e5d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232e813 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"232e813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe Bontok Igorots of Mountain Province, in the Cordillera Region, are one of the Philippine tribes that practiced traditional tattooing. The reasons and meanings of their tattoos could be better understood through the traditional context of Bontoc culture. To determine the cultural significance of tattoos to the Bontoks, the descriptive survey investigation was used to explore the tribe\u2019s physical and socio-cultural practice of tattooing (fatek); discover the changes in the practice and perceptions of tattoo as well as its implication in the traditional and contemporary Bontoc society. The study\u2019s primary informants included Bontoc elders with first-hand experiences and knowledge in the practice of traditional tattooing and young people with tattoos.\r\nThe findings of the study showed that the traditional tattoo in traditional Bontoc society conveyed symbolic meanings, especially among the male members of the tribe. The chaklag is a symbol of status and at the same time a part of the rite of passage. On the other hand, women\u2019s tattoos in Bontoc had no significant meaning but purely for decorative purposes and social acceptance. This study unfolds many unique and indigenous tattoo symbols which contribute to the development of local art. The changing attitudes and perceptions toward tattoos by the contemporary Bontoc community is a tug of war between the older and younger generation. The advancement of technology made tattooing more convenient thus, attracting many young people in Bontoc to have tattoos. Further, tattooing has become part of the health and beauty industry and many young professionals and teenagers are having positive attitudes and perceptions toward tattoos. Today, the impact of tattoos in the Bontoc society is closely felt in the loss of their cultural and symbolic meanings and thus ceased to be an ethnic marker for the Bontoc tribe. In the area of economy, it is beginning to draw clients from young professionals and teenagers. It has likewise become an established career and business causing the development of innovated creative art.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 329-334\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6722<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arnel M. Kisofen <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPrincipal, Sadanga National Technical-Vocational &amp; Skills Training High School\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Agoncillo, T. (1986). History of the Filipino people. R.P. GARCIA Publishing Co.\r\n[2] Anderson, E. (2010). In the shape of tradition. C. Zwartenkot Art Books.\r\n[3] Caplan, J. (2000). Written on the body: The tattoo European and American history. NJ: Princeton University Press.\r\n[4] Ellis, J. (2008). Tattooing the world: Pacific designs in print and skin. New York: University Press.\r\n[5] Fisher, Jill A. (2002). Tattooing the body, marking culture. London: Sage Publication\r\n[6] Govenor, A. (2000). The changing image of tattooing in American Culture. NJ: Princeton University Press.\r\n[7] Jenks, A. (1905). The Bontoc Igorot. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing.\r\n[8] Levins, H. (2003). The changing cultural status of the tattoo arts in merica: as documented in mainstream U.S. Reference Works, newspapers, and magazines. www.tattlifestudios.com\r\n[9] Lineberry, C. (2007). Tattoos: The ancient and mysterious history. Smithsonian.com.\r\n[10] Natale, J. (2014). The Impact of Tattoos in Modern Society. Untitled \u2013Magazine.com.\r\n[11] Salvador-Amores, A. (2011). Batok (traditional tattoos) in diaspora: The reinvention of a globally mediated Kalinga identity.\r\n[12] Sanders, C. R. (1989). Customizing the body: The art and culture of tattooing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Arnel M. Kisofen, &#8220;Fatek (Tattoo): An Ethnic Bontoc Marker in the Northern Philippines&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.329-334 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6722\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3685\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3685\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/329-334.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3686\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3686\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fatek-tattoo-an-ethnic-bontoc-marker-in-the-northern-philippines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Fatek (Tattoo): An Ethnic Bontoc Marker in the Northern Philippines<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233048d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"233048d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233061d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233061d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23308cf\" data-id=\"23308cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2330b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2330b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2330c5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2330c5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2330edf\" data-id=\"2330edf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233111c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233111c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2331265 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2331265\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233151f\" data-id=\"233151f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2331741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2331741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233187a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233187a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2331b2d\" data-id=\"2331b2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2331eea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2331eea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2332041 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2332041\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23322bd\" data-id=\"23322bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23324e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23324e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233262d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233262d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23328bd\" data-id=\"23328bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2332adb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2332adb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2332c26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2332c26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2332ee2\" data-id=\"2332ee2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2333110 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2333110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Empirical Study of The Effect of Quality Environmental Information Disclosure on Firm\u2019s Performance of Listed Brewery Firms in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Agu, Stephen Ikechukwu; Ani, Michael Uchenna &amp; Jideofor, Ngozi Annastacia &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 335-341<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233324c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233324c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2333516\" data-id=\"2333516\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233376e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233376e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study ascertained the effect of quality environmental information disclosure on firm\u2019s performance of listed Brewers in Nigeria. The main motivation was on the need to show the effect of environmental disclosure in aggregated variable on performance of Brewery firms in Nigeria. The main objective was to ascertain the effect of quality environmental information disclosure on firm\u2019s performance of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for this study. Secondary data were carefully sourced from the annual reports of the Brewery firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Content and Disclosure Index were used to analyze environmental information disclosure. The data span from 2008 to 2019. Panel least square regression test by aid of E-views 10.0 software was used to test the effect of Environmental disclosure index on return on asset, return on equity and on net profit margin. The results showed that Environmental information disclosures significantly affect return on asset of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. The findings further revealed that Environmental information disclosures do not significantly affect return on equity of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. Finally, the result established also that Environmental information disclosures significantly affect net profit margin of listed Brewery firms in Nigeria. Consequent upon the findings, the study recommends need for Mandatory disclosure practices by Brewery firms, enforced by government to enable them take responsibility on disclosure of environmental performance data in annual report.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 335-341\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Agu, Stephen Ikechukwu (Ph.D) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ani, Michael Uchenna (ACA) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jideofor, Ngozi Annastacia(M.Sc) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Accountancy, Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Aggarwal, P. (2013). Relationship between environmental responsibility and financial Performance of Firm.A literature review. IOSR Journal of Business Management Vol. 13, pp. 13-22.\r\n[2] Aghdam, S. A. (2015). Determinant of voluntary environmental disclosure. The case of Iran. International Journal of Basic Science and Applied Research vol.4 (6), pp.343-349\r\n[3] Ahmed, M.A., Zakacee, S. &amp;Kolawale O.O. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,7(4), 47-58.\r\n[4] Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson,G. D., and Vasvari, F. P.(2007). Revisiting the relationship between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis. Accounting organizations and society, doi 10.1016\/j.aos. 2007.05.003\r\n[5] Ejoh, N.O., Orok, E.O. &amp;Sackey, J.A (2014). The Development of Environmental Accounting and Disclosure practice of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(12), 70-79.\r\n[6] Emmanuel, O.G., Elvis, E. &amp;Abiola T. (2019).Environmental Accounting Disclosure and Firm Value of Industrial Goods Companies in Nigeria.Journal of Economics and Finance 10(1), 7-21.\r\n[7] Faisal, F., Tower, G., &amp; Rusmin, R.(2012).Legitimizing corporate sustainability reporting throughout the world, Australasian accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 6(2):19-34\r\n[8] GRI (2018). Sustainability Reporting Guidelines: G4 version, Retrieved from http:\/\/globalreporting.org\r\n[9] Ngwakwe, C. (2018). Environmental Responsibility and Firm Performance: Evidence from Nigeria, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 46, 22-29\r\n[10] Ohidia, T., Omokhudu, O.O &amp;Oserogho, I.A.F. (2016).Determinants of Environmental Disclosure.International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Social and Management Review, 5(3), 171-184.\r\n[11] Okafor, M. (2018). Firms liquidity and environmental disclosures, European Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), 13-19\r\n[12] Omaliko, E., Nweze, A., &amp; Nwadialor, E. (2020). Effect of social and environmental disclosures on performance of non financial firms in Nigeria, Journal of Accounting and Financial Management, 6(1), 40-58\r\n[13] Omaliko, E.L. &amp; Okpala, N.E(2020).Effect of environmental disclosures on dividend payout of firms in Nigeria. IIARD International Journal of Banking and Finance Research,6(3):14-27.\r\n[14] Ong TS, Tho HS, Goh HH, Thai SB, Teh BH (2016) The relationship between environmental disclosures and financial performance of public listed companies in Malaysia. Int Bus Manag 104:461\u2013467\r\n[15] Oraka, A.o., &amp;Egbunike, F.C (2016).Appraisal of Environmental Accounting Information in the Financial Statements of Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. NG- Journal of Social Development, 5(5), 6-24.\r\n[16] Oti, P.A, &amp;Mbu-Ogar, G.B. (2018).Analysis of Environmental Performance of Selected Quoted Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria.Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 4(2), 1-12.\r\n[17] Solomon, P. J. (2020). Environmental Disclosure and Financial Performance of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria: A Review on Literature, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 22(9): 58-66.\r\n[18] Uwalomwa, U. &amp;Jafaru, J. (2012). Corporate environmental disclosure in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. case study of selected firm. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia.Pp 71-83.\r\n[19] Yahaya, O.A. (2018). Environmental Reporting Practices and Financial Performance of Listed Environmentally-Sensitive Firms in Nigeria. A Journal of Environmental and Social Sciences, 24(2), 403-412\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Agu, Stephen Ikechukwu; Ani, Michael Uchenna &amp; Jideofor, Ngozi Annastacia &#8220;Empirical Study of The Effect of Quality Environmental Information Disclosure on Firm\u2019s Performance of Listed Brewery Firms in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.335-341 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/335-341.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/335-341.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/empirical-study-of-the-effect-of-quality-environmental-information-disclosure-on-firms-performance-of-listed-brewery-firms-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Empirical Study of The Effect of Quality Environmental Information Disclosure on Firm\u2019s Performance of Listed Brewery Firms in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2334a54 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2334a54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2334ea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2334ea1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2335001\" data-id=\"2335001\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233510f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233510f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23351b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23351b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2335305\" data-id=\"2335305\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2335418 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233570e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233570e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23357ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23357ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23358f1\" data-id=\"23358f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2335a02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2335a02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2335a9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2335a9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2335be8\" data-id=\"2335be8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2335cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2335cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2335d9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2335d9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2335f11\" data-id=\"2335f11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2336027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2336027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review on the Psychological Reactions after a Presidential Election<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Almyrah Anudin, Mary Gacrama, Paulo Natividad, Miko Miguel, Charlene Mane Sulit, Mary Rachelle Wapano &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 342-349<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23360c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23360c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233624d\" data-id=\"233624d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233639c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233639c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis paper is a review of the psychological reactions of young adults to any presidential turnout from 2006-2022. The studies generally revealed the occurrence of numerous psychological reactions and coping strategies after the election turnout. The existing literature is scarce in explaining the psychological reactions among voters, their coping strategies after the loss of their preferred candidate, their sense of fulfillment and life satisfaction after the victory of their preferred candidates, as well as their interpersonal and social relationships among family and friends. This review of literature then attempts to capture from existing studies the positive and negative psychological reactions of young adults following a Presidential election turnout and their coping reactions to the loss of their preferred candidates, and the possible impact on their well-being, their sense of fulfillment, and the sense of satisfaction when their preferred candidates won the election cycle. The review shows that voters of the losing candidate show signs of stress among other factors from the result of the elections with those who have maladaptive coping mechanisms showing higher overall levels; voters of winning candidates show signs of elation.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 342-349\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6723<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Almyrah Anudin <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mary Gacrama <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paulo Natividad <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Miko Miguel <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charlene Mane Sulit <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mary Rachelle Wapano <\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University and Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Batara, E., Labadan, A. K., &amp; Roa, M. (2021). Factors Affecting Youth Voting Preferences in the Philippine Senatorial Election: A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 12(3), 242-264.\r\n[2] Cabo, W. L. (2018). Youth and political participation in the Philippines: Voices and themes from a Democracy Project. Journal of Politics and Governance, 8(1), 259-271.\r\n[3] DeJonckheere, M., Fisher, A., &amp; Chang, T. (2018). How has the presidential election affected young Americans?. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 12(1), 1-4.\r\n[4] Fowler, J. H. (2006). Altruism and turnout. The Journal of Politics, 68(3), 674-683.\r\n[5] Garner, L. E., Mckay, D., Cepeda, S. L., &amp; Storch, E. A. (2021). The Impact of Conservatism and Elected Party Representation on Mental Health Outcomes During Major Elections. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 40(3), 221-248.\r\n[6] Gagn\u00e9, T., Schoon, I., &amp; Sacker, A. (2020). Health and voting over the course of adulthood: evidence from two British birth cohorts. SSM-population health, 10, 100531.\r\n[7] Gray, D., Pickard, H., &amp; Munford, L. (2018). Election Outcomes and Individual Well-being: Evidence from British Panel Data (No. 2018018).\r\n[8] Hall, H. (2019). Voting behavior among young adults: An analysis of youth voters and how behavioral economic concepts can be applied to increase young voter turnout.\r\n[9] Hedman, E. L. E. (2010). The politics of \u201cpublic opinion\u201d in the Philippines. Journal of current Southeast Asian affairs, 29(4), 97-118.\r\n[10] Huber, G, &amp; Malhotra, N. (2018) Political Homophily in Social Relationships: Evidence from Online Dating Behavior. https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/full\/10.1086\/687533\r\n[11] Jorge, C. (2022, February 15). Understanding the youth vote. INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https:\/\/opinion.inquirer.net\/149856\/understanding-the-youth-vote\r\n[12] Ledesma, J., (2022). Families and friendships over politics; https:\/\/www.pna.gov.ph\/opinion\/pieces\/500-families-and-friendships-over-politics\r\n[13] Levinsen, K., &amp; Yndigegn, C. (2015). Political discussions with family and friends: exploring the impact of political distance. The Sociological Review, 63, 72-91.\r\n[14] Maas, A. S., &amp; Lu, L. (2020). \u201cElections have Consequences\u201d: Partisan Politics are Literally Killing Us.\r\n[15] Madarang, C., Lusterio, M., Manguerra, A. (2022). Post-Election hopes, and Aspirations: Why youth volunteerism matters. Interaksyon\r\n[16] Pablo, Z. C., Oco, N., Roldan, M. D. G., Cheng, C., &amp; Roxas, R. E. (2014). Toward an enriched understanding of factors influencing Filipino behavior during elections through the analysis of Twitter data. Philippine Political Science Journal, 35(2), 203-224.\r\n[17] Ojeda, C (2020). Post-election grief is real and here are five coping strategies. The conversation Academic rigor, Journalistic flairPablo, Z. C., Oco, N., Roldan, M. D. G., Cheng, C., &amp; Roxas, R. E. (2014). Toward an enriched\r\n[18] Ronquillo, A (2022). Turning grief into strength. The Manila Times\r\n[19] Santos, A (2022). I will continue to choose hope. Thought leaders 2022 Philippine Election\r\n[20] Sharlamanov, K., &amp; Jovanoski, A. (2014). Models of voting. Journal of Arts, Science &amp; Commerce, 5(1), 16-24.\r\n[21] Smith, K.B., (2022) Politics is making us sick: The negative impact of political engagement on public health during the Trump administration. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262022. https:\/\/doi.org\/ 10.1371\/journal.pone.0262022\r\n[22] Spicer, A. (2019). Why political parties find it hard to learn from defeat. Cognitive and structural biases make it hard for party members to analyse what went wrong and plan their next\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Almyrah Anudin, Mary Gacrama, Paulo Natividad, Miko Miguel, Charlene Mane Sulit, Mary Rachelle Wapano, &#8220;A Review on the Psychological Reactions after a Presidential Election&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.342-349 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6723<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/342-349.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-on-the-psychological-reactions-after-a-presidential-election\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Review on the Psychological Reactions after a Presidential Election<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2337450 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2337450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2337530 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2337530\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23376cc\" data-id=\"23376cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23377f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23377f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2337899 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2337899\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23379f4\" data-id=\"23379f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2337b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2337b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2337bae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2337ead\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2337ff9\" data-id=\"2337ff9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2338109 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2338109\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23381a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23381a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23382f8\" data-id=\"23382f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2338407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2338407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23384a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23384a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23385f4\" data-id=\"23385f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23386f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23386f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2338793 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2338793\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23388fa\" data-id=\"23388fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2338a0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2338a0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Entrepreneurial Experiences of BS Entrepreneurship Graduates Batches 2015-2020 of St. Paul University Manila in the New Environment<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Arsenio T. Bignotia, PhD; Sharon Candy Manguerra-Mahusay, PhD; Jeetendra Vaswani, DBA &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 350-361<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2338aad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2338aad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2338c29\" data-id=\"2338c29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2338d63 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2338d63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Philippine government has long been advocating for the development and advancement of the Business and Entrepreneurship disciplines in higher education. Its inclusion in the priority programs for scholarship grants is a testimony of the government acknowledgement of the entrepreneurs as among the driving forces that steer the country\u2019s economy. The research study intended to ascertain the business involvement of individuals who completed their degree in BS Entrepreneurship from St. Paul University Manila (SPU Manila), for years 2015 to 2020, particularly amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, its main consideration was to discover entrepreneurial competencies appropriate to the new environment. It also determined the entrepreneurial challenges and opportunities brought about by the dramatic changes in the said landscape. The study employed mixed design in analyzing the data while utilizing the descriptive method to illustrate not only the encounters of the selected participants, but also the skills and competencies required to take on the changes in the new business setting. With this, the study revealed that enhancements in the BS Entrepreneurship Program curriculum is needed to equip its graduates with more know-how and proficiency to minimize the challenges they are facing. Such enhancements should also aid them in understanding and navigating industry trends, employment opportunities, and collaboration with industries<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 350-361\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Arsenio T. Bignotia, PhD <\/strong>\r\nSt. Paul Univeristy Manila, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sharon Candy Manguerra-Mahusay, PhD <\/strong>\r\nSt. Paul Univeristy Manila, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jeetendra Vaswani, DBA <\/strong>\r\nSt. Paul Univeristy Manila, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alcantar R., Espina F. (2010). Technical Writing for Filipinos. 3rd Edition. Katha Publishing Company Inc. Quezon City.\r\n[2] Alusen, L (2016). Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies of LPU Laguna BSBA Graduate Students: Basis for Curriculum Development. Retrieved from: https:\/\/lpulaguna.edu.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Personal-Entrepreneurial-Competencies-of-LPU-Laguna-BSBA-Graduating-Students-Basis-For-Curriculum-Enhancement.pdf\r\n[3] Ary D., Jacobs L., Sorensen C., Walker D(2014). Introduction to Research in Education 2014. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, USA.\r\n[4] Bantugan, B. and Mahusay, S. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities after Working as Flight Attendant in Local Airlines: Input for Curricular Enhancement for Tourism Students. Internation Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 12, No. 4 (2020) pp1-9.\r\n[5] Barringer, B. R., Ireland R. D. (2012). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, 4th Edition, Peason Educational Limited, England\r\n[6] Bessant J., Tidd J. (2011). Innovation and Entrepreneurship,2nd Edition, John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. United Kingdom\r\n[7] Bignotia, A. (2012). Entrepreneurial Engagement of Entrepreneurship Graduates Batches 2008-2012 of St. Paul University Manila.\r\n[8] Bratton, J. &amp; Gold, J. (2017). Human Resource Management, 6th Edition: Theory and Practice. UK: Macmillan Education.\r\n[9] Calvino, F, Crisuolo, C., &amp; Verlhac, R (2020) Start-ups in the time of COVID-19: Facing the challenges, seizing opportunities. Retrieved from: https:\/\/voxeu.org\/article\/challenges-and-opportunities-start-ups-time-covid-19\r\n[10] Co, M. (2011). Philippine Culture, Entrepreneurship and Development. In U.P. Institute for Small-Scale Industries. Introduction to Entrepreneurship (pp. 5-6).Quezon City, Small Enterprises Research and Development Foundation Inc.\r\n[11] Cooke, F.L. &amp; Kim, S. (2017). Routledge Handbook of Human Resource Management in Asia. Routledge.\r\n[12] Davidsson P, Delmar F, Wiklund J. (2006) Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms. Edward Elgar,Cheltenham.\r\n[13] Desiderio, L (2013) Philippine Urged to invest in education, foster entrepreneurship, Nov. 11, 2013 pp D-1.\r\n[14] Greene, C. ( 2013). Entrepreneurship. Cengage Learning Learning Asia Pte Ltd. Pasig City, Philippines.\r\n[15] Grilo I, Thurik AR (2005) Entrepreneurial Engagemsent levels in the European Union. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 3(2):143-168.\r\n[16] Hessels, Jolanda, Isabel Grilo, Roy Thurik, Peter van der Zawn. Entrepreneurial Exit and Entrepreneurial Engagement (2009) http:\/\/www.ondernemerschap.nl\/pdf-ez\/h200910.pdf. October 3, 2013.\r\n[17] Hisrich, R.D., Peters M. P. , Shepherd D.A. Entrepreneurship, 6th Edition. Mc-Graw-Hill Irwin. New York, USA http:\/\/www.ched.gov.ph\/chedwww\/index.php\/eng\/Information\/Statistics). December 2013.\r\n[18] Kariv, D. (2011). Entrepreneurship An International Introduction. Routledge, New York,USA\r\n[19] Kuratko, D. F. (2014). Introduction to Entrepreneurship, International Edition. South-Western Cengage Learning. Canada.\r\n[20] Malolos, C (2017). Level of Perceived Entrepreneurial Skills of Students at the Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa City. Palawan. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.dlsu.edu.ph\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdf\/conferences\/research-congress-proceedings\/2017\/RVREBM\/RVREBM-I-006.pdf\r\n[21] Montevirgen, A. (2003). A Tracer Study of DLSU-D, Graduate School of Education, Arts and Sciences Alumni: Basis for Program Enrichment, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Cavite City.\r\n[22] OECD Report (2018) Developing Entrepreneurship Competencies. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/cfe\/smes\/ministerial\/documents\/2018-SME-Ministerial-Conference-Parallel-Session-3.pdf\r\n[23] The Philippine Labor and Employment Plan 2011-2016:Inclusive Growth Through Decent and Productive Work. (http:\/\/www.dole.gove.ph\/fndr\/bong\/files\/PLEP). January 28, 2014.\r\n[24] Tandon, A. (2010). Entrepreneurship. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.\r\n[25] Tang, G., Park, K., Agarwal, A. &amp; Liu, F. (2020). Impact of Innovation Culture, Organization Size and Technological Capability on the Performance of SMEs: The Case of China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1355; doi:10.3390\/su12041355\r\n[26] UNICEF MENA Report (2017). 12 Core Life Skills. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/The-12-core-life-skills-for-MENA-region-Source-UNICEF-MENA-report-2017-The-four_fig3_329523137#:~:text=A%20set%20of%2012%20core%20life%20skills%20for,resilience%2C%20communication%2C%20respect%20for%20diversity%2C%20empathy%20and%20participation.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Arsenio T. Bignotia, PhD; Sharon Candy Manguerra-Mahusay, PhD; Jeetendra Vaswani, DBA &#8220;Entrepreneurial Experiences of BS Entrepreneurship Graduates Batches 2015-2020 of St. Paul University Manila in the New Environment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.350-361 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/350-361.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/350-361.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/entrepreneurial-experiences-of-bs-entrepreneurship-graduates-batches-2015-2020-of-st-paul-university-manila-in-the-new-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Entrepreneurial Experiences of BS Entrepreneurship Graduates Batches 2015-2020 of St. Paul University Manila in the New Environment<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233a3dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"233a3dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233a4c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233a4c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233a67c\" data-id=\"233a67c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-233acc7\" data-id=\"233acc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233addc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233addc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233ae80 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233ae80\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233afda\" data-id=\"233afda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233b0f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233b0f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233b192 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233b192\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233b2db\" data-id=\"233b2db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233b3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233b3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233b48a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233b48a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233b5dc\" data-id=\"233b5dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233b6e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233b6e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233b78f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233b78f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233b905\" data-id=\"233b905\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233ba17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233ba17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Unraveling the Efficacy of Differentiated Based Instruction on Senior Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in Quadratic Equation<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ukwueze Timothy Chinedu, Ugwuanyi Chika. C. &amp; Ogbu Sunday &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 362-367<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233bab6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233bab6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233bc41\" data-id=\"233bc41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233bd7c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233bd7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the efficacy of differentiated dased instruction (DBI) on students\u2019 achievement in quadratic equation in Obollo-Afor Education Zone of Enugu State. To achieve the purpose of the study, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The design of the study was quasi-experimental; specifically non-equivalent control group design. The population of the study comprised four thousand eight hundred and twenty (4,820) SSS 2 students found in the forty-eight (48) public secondary schools in Obollo-Afor Education zone of Enugu state. The sample of the study consists of 162 students from four (4) intact classes from four schools. The sample of four (4) schools were drawn using proportionate Stratified random sampling techniques in which two (2) schools were assigned to experimental group and the other two (2) schools were assigned to control group. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) was the instrument used for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts and the reliability index obtained was 0.89 using Kuder Richardson 20 formula. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS and mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that differentiated based instruction improved students\u2019 achievement in quadratic equation than conventional based instruction of teaching quadratic equation. Also, gender has no significant influence on the achievement of students in quadratic equation. Based on the findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should use the differentiated based instruction while teaching the subject. Moreover, ministry of education should organize workshops, seminars, conferences etc and make the attendance to it compulsory to the mathematics teachers on the use of differentiated based instruction in their classroom instruction<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 362-367\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ukwueze Timothy Chinedu <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugwuanyi Chika. C. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogbu Sunday <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Enugu State College of Education (Technical), Enugu, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agwagah, U.N.V. (2001). Teaching number bases in junior secondary school mathematics : The use of Based board. Abacus: The Journal of Mathematical Association of Nigeria (MAN) 26(1), 1-7\r\n[2] Agwagah, U.N.V. (2004). Strategies for facilitating the learning of number and numeration. Journal of Issues on Mathematics, 14 1-13\r\n[3] Agwagah, U.N.V. (2017). It is all about figuring it out: Agenda for change in mathematics education. The 118th Inaugural Lecture University of Nigeria, Nsukka 25th May 2017\r\n[4] Alio, B.C., &amp; Harbbor-Peters, V.F. (2000). The effect of polya\u2019s problem solving technique on secondary school students\u2019 achievement in mathematics. Abacus: Journal of Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 25(1),26-38.\r\n[5] Amatobi, V.E. (2013). The influence of gender and attitude differences on students\u2019 achievement in mathematics in Nigeria secondary schools: A case study of of comprehensive secondary school Amurie-Omanze in south eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Mathematics , Science and Technology Education. 3(1), 71-81\r\n[6] Ayotola, W., &amp; Adedeji, O.S.(2009). Critical Race Theory and Education : History, Theory and Implication in M. Apple (Ed.). Review of Research in Education (22). Washington D.C: American Educational Research Association.\r\n[7] Eze, C.C. (2010). Effect of Concept Mapping on achievement and interest on Organic chemistry. An unpublished M.Ed, Thesis University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[8] Ezeh, D.N. (2015). Writing Research Proposal and Report Without Tears. Enugu ; Timex Enterprise\r\n[9] Geary, D.C. (2000). Numerical and Arithmetical cognition: A longitudinal study of process and concept Deficits in children learning disability. Journal of experimental child psychology, 77,236-263.\r\n[10] Ifeanacho, A.O. (2012). Effect of Kumon teaching strategy on JSS students\u2019 achievement, interest and retention in statistics. An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[11] Imoko,B.I., &amp; Agwagah, U.N.V. (2006). Improving students\u2019 interest in mathematics through the concept mapping techniques: A focus on gender. Journal of Research in curriculum and teaching, 1(1) 30-38. Intervention and gender equity in secondary school mathematics; Implication for National development and integration. Enugu, John Best Enterprises..\r\n[12] Merchant, S. (2010). Method of teaching mathematics: Hambard University, Karachi, HIESS 1-13 Retrieved on 10th Dec, 2010 http:\/\/www.scribed.com\/doc\/8528335\/methods-of-teaching mathematics.\r\n[13] Muthomi, M.W., &amp; Mbugua, Z.K. (2014). Effectiveness of differentiated instruction on secondary school students achievement in mathematics in Kenya. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology. Vol. 4. No. 1, Jan.2014.\r\n[14] National Examination Council (NECO :2009, 2014, and 2020). Chief Examiner\u2019s Report Nigeria SSCE, May\/June examination.\r\n[15] Odo, J.A., &amp; Ugwuda, A.O. (2014). Effect of Mathematics Games on Students\u2019 Achievement and Interest in Mathematics. Journal of Mathematical Association of Nigeria vol.12,No; 3, pp 151-157.\r\n[16] Okeke, O. J. (2011). Effect of mind mapping teaching Strategy on students\u2019 interest, retention and achievement in senior secondary school Chemistry; An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[17] Okigbo, E.C. (2010). Comparative Effectiveness of mathematical games and instructional analogy as advance organizer on students\u2019 achievement and interest in mathematics. An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.\r\n[18] Oloto, P.O.(2015). Effect of scaffolding Instructional strategy on primary two pupils\u2019 attitude, and achievement in mathematics. An Unpublished Ph.D Thesis University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[19] Tomlinson, C.A. (2003). Fulfilling the promise of the differentiated classroom strategies and tools for the responsive teaching. Alexandra V.A: Association for supervision and curriculum Development.\r\n[20] Ugwuanyi, C.C. (2016). Effect of using Algebraic Factorization Game Instructional Strategy on students\u2019 retention in Algebra in Enugu State Nigeria. Abacus : Journal of Mathematical Association of Nigeria, 14 No 1, pp 169-177\r\n[21] Uka, N.K., Iji, C.O., &amp; Ekwueme, C. (2012). Attaining Nigeria\u2018s Vision 20: 2020 through Mathematics Education. Proceedings of September 2012 Annual National Conference of the Mathematical Association of Nigeria. 63-69.\r\n[22] Ukwueze, T.C. (2017). Improving Students Achievement and Interest in Number Bases using Number Bases Game (NBG). An unpublished M.Ed. Thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[23] Umaru, I.J., Onuigbo, L.N., &amp; Eze, U.N.(2013). Effect of Metacognitive skills on mathematics self \u2013efficacy beliefs of low achieving students in senior secondary schools. Institute of Education Journal, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[24] Voyer, H.D. (2014). Gender Differences in Achievement Test scores. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education (New Orleans, April 5-7, 1994)\r\n[25] West Africa Examination Council (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2020). Mathematics Chief Examiners\u2019 Report. Yaba: Lagos\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ukwueze Timothy Chinedu, Ugwuanyi Chika. C. &amp; Ogbu Sunday &#8220;Unraveling the Efficacy of Differentiated Based Instruction on Senior Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in Quadratic Equation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.362-367 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/362-367.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/362-367.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/unraveling-the-efficacy-of-differentiated-based-instruction-on-senior-secondary-school-students-achievement-in-quadratic-equation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Unraveling the Efficacy of Differentiated Based Instruction on Senior Secondary School Students\u2019 Achievement in Quadratic Equation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233cdc1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"233cdc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233d230 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233d230\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233d397\" data-id=\"233d397\" 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elementor-element-233d6aa\" data-id=\"233d6aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233d7b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233d7b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233d85a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233d85a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233d9a0\" data-id=\"233d9a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233dab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233dab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233db4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233db4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233dc9e\" data-id=\"233dc9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233dda4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233dda4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233de48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233de48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233df8f\" data-id=\"233df8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e09f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233e09f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233e13c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233e13c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233e2ac\" data-id=\"233e2ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e3c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233e3c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth and Social Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dina Azzam Alshanty &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 368-375<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233e463 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233e463\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233e5d9\" data-id=\"233e5d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e70e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233e70e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nPurpose: Based on available detailed data, the primary objective of this study is to assess the relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth &amp; social development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, then accord relevant recommendations to prompt economic growth and social development.\r\nMethodology: This study&#8217;s methodological approach is based on data analysis from 2007 to 2020, which was performed using a descriptive statistical approach, regression, and correlation analysis (i.e. the Pearson correlation).\r\nFindings: Findings reveal a significant relationship between financial inclusion and both economic growth and social development, implying that increasing financial inclusion may lead to an increase in economic growth and social development. In addition, that the Central Bank of Jordan and financial institutions have to continue their work on developing appropriate financial products and services for all segments of society, as well as on enhancing financial literacy, which can benefit in two ways: making more informed financial decisions and using the financial products and services responsibly.\r\nPractical implications: According to the findings of the study, encouraging more people to use financial products and services and expanding formal financial access can boost Jordan&#8217;s economic growth and social development. The Jordanian policy makers should continue down the same path of prioritizing financial inclusion because they have already engaged all key stakeholders in the financial system.\r\nOriginality\/value: The study demonstrates the link between financial inclusion and financial development in Jordan and emphasizes the importance of policymakers and financial institutions in designing and implementing projects and initiatives to increase access to financial services.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 368-375\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6724<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dina Azzam Alshanty <\/strong><\/span>\r\nFinancial Consumer Protection Department, Central Bank of Jordan\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D. and Van Oudheusden, (2015). \u201cThe global findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world\u201d. Policy Research Working Papers.\r\n[2] Demirg\u00fc\u00e7-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, and Dorothe Singer. (2017). The Global Findex Database 2017 \u201cMeasuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution.\u201d World Bank, Washington, DC\r\n[3] UNCDF. Financial Inclusion and the SDGs. https:\/\/www.uncdf.org\/financial-inclusion-and-the-sdgs.\r\n[4] Royal House of Netherlands. (2019).Opening remarks of Her Majesty Queen M\u00e1xima at the Financial Inclusion for Development: Building on 10 Year of Progress Event, New York. https:\/\/www.royal-house.nl\/members-royal-house\/queen-maxima\/documents\/speeches\/2019\/09\/25\/opening-remarks-of-her-majesty-queen-maxima-at-the-financial-inclusion-for-development-building-on-10-year-of-progress-event-new-york\r\n[5] GPFI. (2016). Global Standard-Setting Bodies and Financial Inclusion. The Evolving Landscape. https:\/\/www.gpfi.org\/publications\/global-standard-setting-bodies-and-financial-inclusion-evolving-landscape\r\n[6] World Bank. (2014). Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/16238 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO\r\n[7] Sahay R., Cihak M, N\u201fDiaye P, Barajas A, Mitra S, Kyobe A, et al. (2015). Financial inclusion: can it meet multiple macroeconomic goals. IMF Staff Discussion Note 15\/17.\r\n[8] Kim J. (2016). A study on the effect of financial inclusion on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 52(2): 498\u2013512.\r\n[9] Kim DW, Yu JS, Hassan MK. (2017). Financial inclusion and economic growth in OIC countries. Research in International Business and Finance 43(Jan): 1\u201314.\r\n[10] Emara N, Mohieldin M .(2020). financial inclusion and extreme poverty in the MENA region: a gap analysis approach. Review of Economics and Political Science 5(3): 207\u2013230.\r\n[11] Khan I, Khan I, Sayal AU, Khan MZ .(2021) .Doe&#8217;s financial inclusion induce poverty, income inequality, and financial stability: empirical evidence from the 54 African countries. Journal of Economic Studies (Mar).\r\n[12] Claessens S., Feijen E. World Bank Publications. (2007). Financial Sector Development and the Millennium Development Goals (No. 89)\r\n[13] (2016). Central bank announces national strategy for financial inclusion. The Jordan Times.\r\n[14] https:\/\/www.jordantimes.com\/news\/local\/central-bank-announces-national-strategy-financial-inclusion\r\n\r\nFurther readings\r\n\r\n[1] Financial Inclusion Diagnostic Study in Jordan (2017). Synthesis Report Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and Central Bank of Jordan. https:\/\/www.cbj.gov.jo\/EchoBusv3.0\/SystemAssets\/PDFs\/2018\/Financial%20Inclusion%20Diagnostic%20Study%20in%20Jordan%202017.pdf\r\n[2] Sarma, M. (2008), Index of Financial Inclusion, Working Paper, No. 215, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10419\/ 176233\r\n[3] Abedalfattah Zuhair Al-abedallat.(2017) ,The Role of the Jordanian Banking Sector in Economic Development, International Business Research; Vol. 10, No. 4; 2017 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education\r\n[4] Dinara Seijaparova ,Jack W. van Holst Pellekaan. (2004) The World Bank Washington, D.C, An Evaluation of World Bank Assistance for Poverty Reduction, Health and Education, A Country Assistance Evaluation in Jordan.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dina Azzam Alshanty , &#8220;The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth and Social Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.368-375 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6724<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-financial-inclusion-on-economic-growth-and-social-development-in-the-hashemite-kingdom-of-jordan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth and Social Development in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233f78d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233fbdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233fd2d\" data-id=\"233fd2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233fe4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233fe4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233fee7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233fee7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2340041\" data-id=\"2340041\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2340151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2340151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23401fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23401fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2340350\" data-id=\"2340350\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2340457 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2340457\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23404f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23404f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2340642\" data-id=\"2340642\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2340754 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2340754\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23407f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23407f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2340943\" data-id=\"2340943\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2341340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2341411 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2341411\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23415bd\" data-id=\"23415bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23416f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23416f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Potential Pollution of Mahakam Cascade Lake Water Pollution (Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake) From Garbage and Household Waste<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lariman, Mislan &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 376-382<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23417a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23417a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234193a\" data-id=\"234193a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341a7e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2341a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Mahakam Kaskade Lake (Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake) is the largest flood exposure lake in East Kalimantan. The villages in Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake are settlements that are regularly flooded every year, while for generations the people in the research area have used lake water as a source of bathing, washing and latrine (MCK) water. Sources of lake water pollution are domestic waste in the form of organic and inorganic materials from residential areas in water catchment areas and lake borders. The existence of other activities in the form of agriculture, animal husbandry, home industry and tourism will add to the waste of organic and inorganic materials that enter the lake waters, therefore it is necessary to investigate the potential for lake water pollution. This study aims to determine how big the potential for water pollution of Mahakam Kaskade Lake from garbage and household waste. The research was conducted using a survey method, namely conducting interviews and direct observations in the field. The data collected in the form of primary data and secondary data that are relevant to the research objectives. Based on the survey results, it can be seen that Jempang Lake has the potential to be polluted by household organic waste 1.4 \u2013 2.7 tons\/day, Melintang Lake has the potential to be contaminated with household organic waste 0.9 \u2013 1.4 tons\/day, while Semayang Lake has the potential to be polluted. household organic waste is around 1.7 \u2013 2.7 tons\/day, while Jempang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) about 1.2 tons\/day, Melintang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) about 0, 7 Tons\/Day and Semayang Lake has the potential to be polluted by inorganic waste (plastic) of around 1.2 Tons\/Day. Therefore, the relevant agencies must immediately try to overcome this pollution problem so that the Mahakan Cascade Lake is not further damaged<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 376-382\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6725\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6725<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lariman, Mislan <\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University\r\nJl. Barong Tongkok No.4 Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda, East Kalimantan<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Kementerian PUPR. (2015). Permen PUPR No. 28. Jakarta: Kementerian PUPR.\r\n[2] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2014). Grand Design Penyelamatan Ekosistem Danau Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup\r\n[3] Azwar Azrul. 1986. Pengantar Ilmu kesehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Mutiara Sumber Widya.\r\n[4] Ismoyo IH. 1994. Kamus Istilah Lingkungan. Jakarta: PT. Bina Rena Pariwara. Miles. Huberman. 1992. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Diterjemahkan oleh tjetjep rohendi. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.\r\n[5] Moleong. L. J. 2004. Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.\r\n[6] Nitikesari, Putu Ening. 2005. Analisis Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Penanganan Sampah Secara Mandiri di Kota Denpasar. Tesis Magister Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.\r\n[7] Sutopo, Heribetus. 1988. Pengantar Penelitian Kualitatif Dasar Teorotis dan Praktis. Surakarta: Pusat Penelitian UNS.\r\n[8] Sutoyo, Bagong. 2013. Fenomena gerakan mengolah sampah. Jakarta: Pusat Komunikasi publik kementrian pekerjaan umum.\r\n[9] Tim Penulis PS. 2008. Penanganan pengolahan sampah. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.\r\n[10] Undang-Undang No.23 Tahun.1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.\r\n[11] Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah. https:\/\/www.google.co.id\/search?q=definisi+limbah&amp;hl=id#hl=id&amp;q=definisi+sampah&amp;s tart=10. 6 Agustus 2013\r\n[12] Chandra, B. (2007) Pengantar Kesehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran.\r\n[13] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (1985) \u201eSyarat Jamban Sehat\u201f. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.\r\n[14] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2008) \u201eKeputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia no 852\/MENKES\/SK\/IX\/2008 tentang Strategi Nasional Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat\u201f Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.\r\n[15] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2009) Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Jakarta.\r\n[16] Djabu (1990) Pedoman Bidang Studi Pembuangan Tinja dan Air Limbah Pada Institusi Pendidikan Sanitasi Atau Kesehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Pusat Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan RI.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lariman, Mislan &#8220;Potential Pollution of Mahakam Cascade Lake Water Pollution (Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake) From Garbage and Household Waste&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.376-382 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6725\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/376-382.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/potential-pollution-of-mahakam-cascade-lake-water-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Potential Pollution of Mahakam Cascade Lake Water Pollution (Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake and Jempang Lake) From Garbage and Household Waste<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2342892 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2342892\" 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2342af6\" data-id=\"2342af6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2342c10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2342c10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2342cb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2342cb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2342e14\" data-id=\"2342e14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2342f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2342f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2342fc9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23432f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234344c\" data-id=\"234344c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234355c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234355c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2343604 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2343604\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234374a\" data-id=\"234374a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234385f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234385f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23438f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23438f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2343dcd\" data-id=\"2343dcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2343f33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2343f33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2343ff3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2343ff3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2344183\" data-id=\"2344183\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23442a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23442a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Structure and Content of Sports Training Curriculum and its Association with Athletes\u2019 Achievement in Sports Academies in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>David Okoti, Dr. Robert O. Kati, Dr. Rose Mutende &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 383-390<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2344345 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2344345\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23444d4\" data-id=\"23444d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234462a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234462a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nSports academies are specialized training institutions for identifying and nurturing and honing sports talent. Governments and private agencies are increasingly investing in establishment of sports academies to promote sports training. However, there is a paucity of research examining the nature of sports training curricula in these sports academies and its implication for athletes\u2019 achievement. This study, therefore, examined the structure and content of the sports training curriculum and its association with athletes\u2019 achievement in sports academies in Kenya. It targeted 19 sports academies with 1261 participants, comprising 19 sports academy administrators, 102 sports academy coaches, and 1140 athletes. The study employed a cross-sectional mixed-methods design to generate both qualitative and quantitative data. Based on the study, this paper presents and discusses the findings on the structure and content of sports training curriculum and its relationship with athletes\u2019 achievement in sports academies in Kenya. It was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the nature of sports curriculum content and athletes\u2019 achievement in sports academies in Kenya. The study found that some sports academies lacked a curriculum document; each sports academy had its own way of training its athletes; training involved both theory and practical (drills), though most did not have a clear sequence; and there was a strong, positive correlation between the nature of sports training content and athletes\u2019 achievement, which was statistically significant (\u03b3 = 0.815, p \u02c2 0.05) at \u03b1 = 0.05. The study recommended that the government through the Ministry of Sports should establish and enforce a framework for standardization and uniformity of curriculum in sports academies; sports academy administrators need to have a formal, written sports curriculum to guide the provision of structured sports skills training. Streamlining sports curriculum implementation policy and practice can augment athletes\u2019 achievement in sports academies in Kenya as well as inform the operationalization of sports pedagogy as enshrined in Kenya\u2019s Competency-Based Curriculum.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 383-390\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6726\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6726<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>David Okoti <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Kibabii University, P.O Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Robert O. Kati <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Kibabii University, P.O Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rose Mutende <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Kibabii University, P.O Box 1699-50200, Bungoma, Kenya\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Cockett, A., &amp; Jackson, C. (2018). The use of assessment rubrics to enhance feedback in higher education: An integrative literature review. 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Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Recovered from https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/content\/documents\/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf\r\n[29] Waeffler, P. (2021). Sports Coaching Education: The need for a Holistic Approach. Thesis for M.A. Olympic Studies. Recovered from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/351745989_Sports_Coaching_Education_The_need_for_a_Holistic_Approach\r\n[30] Wood, E., &amp; Hedges, H. (2016). Curriculum in early childhood education: Critical questions about content, coherence, and control. The curriculum journal, 27(3), 387-405.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">David Okoti, Dr. Robert O. Kati, Dr. Rose Mutende, &#8220;Structure and Content of Sports Training Curriculum and its Association with Athletes\u2019 Achievement in Sports Academies in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.383-390 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6726<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/383-390.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/structure-and-content-of-sports-training-curriculum-and-its-association-with-athletes-achievement-in-sports-academies-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Structure and Content of Sports Training Curriculum and its Association with Athletes\u2019 Achievement in Sports Academies in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234549b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"234549b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2345574 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2345574\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23456ea\" data-id=\"23456ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2345b1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2345b1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2345bc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2345bc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2345d3b\" data-id=\"2345d3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2345e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2345e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2345eec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2345eec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234603b\" data-id=\"234603b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2346155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2346155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23461f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23461f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234633d\" data-id=\"234633d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2346449 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2346449\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2346626 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2346626\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234679e\" data-id=\"234679e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23468bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23468bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234695e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234695e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2346acb\" data-id=\"2346acb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2346bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2346bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teaching Biomass Energy in Secondary School Chemistry: A Stimulus for Achieving Sustainable Energy<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>N. M. Eya, Attah F. O. &amp; Umate, B. A. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 391-395<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2346c97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2346c97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2346e2d\" data-id=\"2346e2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2346f69 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2346f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The continuous increase of energy consumption has generally improved the standard of living but it has also caused serious environmental problems. There is therefore the need for sustainable energy sources. Sustainable energy involves increasing production of renewable energy, making safe energy universally available, and energy conservation. Sustainable energy is of great importance in Nigeria considering the broad and growing nature of energy use. Burning of fossil fuels to generate energy has resulted to many negative environmental problems on the climate, natural environment and the society at large. There is the need o change to other renewable and environmental free sources of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source used to reduce our overdependence on fossil fuels and to help reduce air pollution. Secondary school chemistry students need to be taught about this biomass and biomass energy at the early stage of their educational pursuit even as they are the future scientists. When the students are best informed about these concepts at the early stage of their education and they develop interest in learning them, they will be in a better position to enhance their utilization as good sources of renewable energy in future as they are the hope of the nation as future scientists The paper therefore examined the concept of biomass and biomass energy, conversion of biomass to energy, advantages of biomass energy over fossil fuels and the implication of teaching biomass and biomass energy to secondary school chemistry students.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 391-395\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>N. M. Eya <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Attah F. O. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Umate, B. A. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] American Chemical Society (2019). Qrganic Chemistry. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.acs.org\/content\/acs\/en\/careers\/college-to-career\/areas-of-chemistry\/organic-chemistry.html\r\n[2] Anwar,Z, Gulfraz, M, &amp;Irshad, M(2014). Agro-Industrial Cellulosic Biomass a Key to Unlock the Future . Bioenergy: A Brief Review. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences,7 163- 173\r\n[3] Bamisile, O.O., Abbasoglu ,S., Dagbasi M., &amp; Garba M (2018).Assessment of Renewable Energy Education among Senior Secondary School Students in South-Western Nigeria. Research &amp; Reviews: Journal of Educational Studies, 3(1), 1-10.\r\n[4] Bankole,S.O, Opasima,M.A and Ige, A.O(2010). Participatory technique as an instructional strategy for teaching electrochemical cell .Science Teachers Association of Nigeria .Chemistry Panel Series 6. A Handbook for chemistry Teachers. Zaria; MacChin Multimedia Designers.\r\n[5] Demirbas, A.(2009). Biohydrogen; Springer: London, UK, 2009; ISBN 978-1-84882-510-9.\r\n[6] Egolum E.O, (2013) Teaching chemistry for self reliance. A case of the effect of driers on drying vegetable oils and alkyld resin synthesis. Stan Conference Proceedings 254-259\r\n[7] Emmanuel, A. (2014). Public Knowledge, Perception, And Attitudes Towards Biofuel Energy Technologies In Lagos, Nigeria. (Master\u2019s Thesis), University of Vaasa Faculty Of Technology Industrial Management.\r\n[8] Federal Ministry of Education (2007) Chemistry Core Curriculum. National Educational Research and Development Council NERDC\r\n[9] Gnansounou, E, &amp; Dauriat A, 2005 . Ethanol From Fuel Biomass: A Review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 64 809-. 821\r\n[10] Halder, P. (2016). Perceptions of a new and emerging renewable energy technology among teachers and learners: A developed and developing country perspective. Proceedings of SBE16 Dubai, 17-19 January 2016, Dubai-UAE\r\n[11] Halder, P.; Pietarinen, J.; Havu-Nuutinen, S.; Pelkonen, P.(2010). Young citizens\u2019 knowledge and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications. Energy Policy, 38, 3058\u20133066\r\n[12] http:\/\/www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov\/pubmed. 3)ReEnergy Holdings U.C (2011).Renewable Energy. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.reenergy holdings.com\/renewable-energy\/what-is-biomass\r\n[13] http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/Membership\/Networking\/InterestGroups\/OrganicDivision\/organic-chemistry-case-studies\/organic-chemistry-biofuels.asp. Organic Chemists Contribute to Renewable Energy\r\n[14] International Energy Agency ( IEA).( 2008). Carbon Dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. OECD\/IEA, Paris.\r\n[15] IPCC. 2007. Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group l to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..\r\n[16] Kakasaheb,Y,Vishwakarma,N, Rathod,S, Simakova, I &amp; Bokade,V (2020) One- Pot Cascade Conversion of Renewal Furfural to Levulenic Acid Over a Bifunctional Catalyst. Journal of American Chemical Society 406, 56-71\r\n[17] Kalidasam B.T,Srvas,T &amp; ShankarR,2015, Experimental Study on Power Generation Using Biomass Based and Solar Based Brayton Cycles Asian Research Publishing Network Jouinal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10 (9). 3987-3990\r\n[18] Kapasaa M, Abeliotis K, Scoullos M.(2013). Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of secondary school students on renewable feedstocks\/biomass: the case of Greece. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15, 101\u2013116.\r\n[19] Karatzos,S,Vandyke, S, McMillan, J.D, &amp; Jack,S (2016). Dropping Biofuel Production Via Conventional (Lipid\/ Fatty Acid) and Advanced Biomass. Biofuels, Bioproduct and Biorefining Biofpr. Society of chemical industry . Canada\r\n[20] Mark,R &amp;Aida, F (2022), Sustainable Energy Technologies for Seawater Desalination Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com\r\n[21] McCormick, K &amp; K\u00e5berger.T (2007). Key barriers for bioenergy in Europe: Economic conditions, know-how and institutional capacity, and supply chain co-ordination. Biomass and Bioenergy 31: 443\u2013452.\r\n[22] Miet., D., Sebastien L., Gilbert, S. &amp; Steven, V., P.(2017). Young people&#8217;s acceptance of biomass energy and the influence of attitude strength on information provision. In: Renewable Energy, 107, 417-430.\r\n[23] Moreira, A,Moraes,L.A.C, Aquino G.S &amp; Heinrichs,R (2019) Sugar Cane Biofuels: Status, Potential and Prospects of the Sweet Crop to Fuel the World. Sringer, Switerland\r\n[24] Ogwo,J Dike,O Mathew, S.O &amp; Emmanuel,A (2012). Overview of biomass energy production in Nigeria: implication and challenges. Asian Journal of Natural Applied Science, 1,4 6-51\r\n[25] Perea- Moreno M, Sameron-Manzan ,E &amp; Alberto-Jesus P,2018), Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trend, Sustainability,Multidisciplinary Publishing Institute MDPI Switerland\r\n[26] Popp, J., Lakner, b., Haragi-Rakos, M., A., &amp; Faric. M. (2014). The effect of biomass energy expansion: Food, energy, and environment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 32, 559\u2013578.\r\n[27] Selman Y&amp; Hasan, S (2013) , A review on the methods for biomass to energy conversion systems design Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25 420-430\r\n[28] Sharma , H (2016). A Case Study if Biomass Energy Using Agricultural Residue, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 5(5). 436-439\r\n[29] Simonyan K. J. &amp; O. Fasina, O. (2013) Biomass resources and biomass energy potentials in Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research,8(40), 4975-4989.\r\n[30] Solkan A.A ,Adeagba &amp; G.R Ann (2015).A comparative review of biomass resources and biofuel production in Nigeria: potential and prospects. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov\/pubmed.\r\n[31] SPanwar, N.L., Kaushik, S.C. &amp; Kothari, S.(2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 1513\u20131524\r\n[32] U.S Energy Information Administration (2018). Biomass Explained. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/energy\/explained\/page=biomass-html\r\n[33] UN-Energy. 2007. Sustainable Bioenergy: A Framework for Decision Makers. Available at: http:\/\/esa.un.org\/un-energy\/pdf\/susdev.Biofuels.FAO.pdf.\r\n[34] www.eschooltoday.com.\/energy\/renewable- energy\/biomass-energy\/html Renewable Energy: what is biomass\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">N. M. Eya, Attah F. O. &amp; Umate, B. A. &#8220;Teaching Biomass Energy in Secondary School Chemistry: A Stimulus for Achieving Sustainable Energy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.391-395 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/391-395.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/391-395.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teaching-biomass-energy-in-secondary-school-chemistry-a-stimulus-for-achieving-sustainable-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teaching Biomass Energy in Secondary School Chemistry: A Stimulus for Achieving Sustainable Energy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2347dc4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2347dc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2347ea3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2347ea3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234801e\" data-id=\"234801e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2348144 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2348144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23481ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23481ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2348356\" data-id=\"2348356\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2348475 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2348475\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234851b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234851b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2348680\" data-id=\"2348680\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234a024 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234a024\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234a16f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234a16f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234a345\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-234a688\" data-id=\"234a688\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234a7a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234a7a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234a84a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234a84a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234a99e\" data-id=\"234a99e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234aaac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234aaac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234ab55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234ab55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234acbe\" data-id=\"234acbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234addc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234addc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Correlation Between Self-esteem and Depression Among Poorly Performing Students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Innocent Elum Afen, Pinto Hubert, Ph.D. Aloys Otieno Ojore, Ph.D. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 396-400<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234ae81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234ae81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234b019\" data-id=\"234b019\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234b156 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234b156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Education enhances edification of human knowledge and societal development. Good academic performance becomes very crucial for university students to attain knowledge that can be used for oneself and for the good of the human society. This research investigated the correlation between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya. It addressed the following questions: What are the levels of self-esteem among poorly performing students of African Nazarene University, Kenya? What are the levels of depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya? Is there correlation between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya? The participants of the study were 335 undergraduate male and female students. The study employed Systematic Random sampling, using Rosenberg self-esteem scale and BDI-II for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS and presented in summary tables. Pearson\u2019s (r) coefficient was used to examine the relationship between self-esteem and depression. Findings show that 49.5% of the participants were average in their self-esteem, 43.2% came under high self-esteem, and 7.8% were in low self-esteem. Gender revealed that females had high self-esteem, and the males had average self-esteem. On depression, 52.8% were in mild mood disturbance (no depression), 10.5% had borderline clinical depression, 15.6% had moderate depression, 8.1% had severe depression, and 13.5% showed extreme depression. Gender revealed females had borderline clinical depression, the males had mild mood disturbance (no depression). The study established that there was a significant positive relationship (r = .420**; p = .000, at 0.01 level of significance) between self-esteem and depression among poorly performing students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 396-400\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Innocent Elum Afen <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, A Constituents College of The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pinto Hubert, Ph.D. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, A Constituents College of The Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aloys Otieno Ojore, Ph.D. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, Tangaza University College, A Constituents College of The Catholic University of Eastern Africa.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Al-Zoubi, S.M., &amp; Younes, M.A. (2015). Low Academic Achievement: Causes and Results. Journal of Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5 (11), pp. 2262-2268.\r\n[2] Ansari, W.E. &amp; Stock, C. (2010). Is the health and wellbeing of university students associated with their academic performance? Cross sectional findings from the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, pp.509-527.\r\n[3] Ahmed, G.Negash, A. Kerebi, H. Alemu,D. &amp; Tesfaya,E.(2020). The prevalence and associating factors of depression among Jimma University students: A cross sectional study. International Journal of mental health. Pp.14-52.\r\n[4] American Psychiatrist Association, (2013). Statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM-5).\r\n[5] Burns, S.T.(2021). Raising awareness on the impact of guilt and shame on counselor education students. Michigan: Michigan University.\r\n[6] Bell, M.J.(2017). Define academic performance. Classrooms. Accessed from: https:\/\/classroom.synonym.com\/define-academic-performance-4740750.html\r\n[7] Baghat, V. (2013). Extroversion and academic performance of medical students. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention,2(3), pp. 2319-7722.\r\n[8] Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.\r\n[9] Beatson, J.A &amp; Rao, S.(2012). Depression and borderline personality disorder. Medical journal of Australia, 197(11), pp.620-621.\r\n[10] Dill, D. &amp; F. Van Vught (eds.) (2010), National Innovation and the Academic Research Enterprise; Public Policy in Global Perspective. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.\r\n[11] Dawood, E., Rufa, Rufa, M., Ghadeer, Ghadeer, H., &amp; Alrabodh, F. (2017). Assessment of depression and its contributing factors among undergraduate nursing students. International Journal of Nursing, 4 (2), pp. 69-79.\r\n[12] Hammond, L.D., Flook, L., Havey, C.C., Barron, B.,&amp; Osher, D.(2020). Implication for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Journal of applied developmental science, 24(2), pp. 97-140.\r\n[13] Kan\u2019ori and Nyutu (2016). An integrated approach to peer counselling. Nairobi: Evangel Publishing House.\r\n[14] Khalid, F.M., Suman, N.A., Rasid, N.A., Mohamad,A. &amp; Ghazali, N.N. (2016). Depression and academic performance. A case study. Tenaga: Universiti Tenaga Nasional.\r\n[15] Kaya,N., A\u015ft,T., Turan,N., Karabay, B.,&amp; Emir E.(2011). The feelings of guilt and shame experienced by Nursing and Midwifery students. Journal of Nurse Education Today, 32, pp.630\u2013635.\r\n[16] Krejcie, R. V., &amp; Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determing Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 607-610.\r\n[17] Mortier,P., Cujipers, P., Kiekens,G., Auerbach,R.P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J.G., Kessler, R.C., Nock, M.K., &amp; Bruffaerts, R.(2017). The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among college students: a meta-analysis. England: Cambridge University press.\r\n[18] Ndetei, D.M. (2012). The association and implications of anxiety and depression in university medical and paramedical students in Kenya. Journal of Affective Disorders East Disorders East Afr.Med, 64(3), pp.214\u2013226.\r\n[19] Nyagwencha, S.K.&amp; Ojuade, S.O.(2021). Prevalence of Suicide Behavior among Undergraduate University Students in Kenya: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4(2), pp.1-10.\r\n[20] Othieno, C., Okoth, R., Peltzer,K., Pengpid, M., &amp; Malla, L. (2014) Depression among university students in Kenya: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Journal of Affective Disorders 65, pp.120\u2013125.\r\n[21] Randall, B. (2004). Educare and educere: Is a balance possible in the educational system? The educational forum, 6(2), p.161.\r\n[22] Ram, R.K., Chaudhury,S.,&amp; Jagtap, B.L.(2018). Prevalence of suicidal ideation among University students. Pravara Med Rev, 10(3), pp.7-11.\r\n[23] Rousseau, K.&amp; Thomson, S. (2019). Trends in Depression Among Undergraduate Students at a South African University, 2016\u20132019. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.\r\n[24] Shahzadi, E. &amp; Ahmad, Z.(2011). A study on academic performance on University students. Gujrat: University of Gujrat.\r\n[25] Schieman,S., Bierman, A., Upenieks, L.,&amp; Ellision,C. (2017). Love thyself? How belief in a supportive God shape self-esteem. University of Toronto: Springer.\r\n[26] Schreiber, D. Agomate, J.C. &amp; Odi, B. (2017). The impact of demographic influence on academic performance and student satisfaction with learning as related to self-esteem, self-efficacy. International Journal of learning, teaching, and educational research, 16 (4), pp.67-90.\r\n[27] Talawar, S.L.(2011). College students mental health: Effective services and strategies across campuses. NASSP: Baltimore MD.\r\n[28] Yigermal, M.E.(2017). Determinant of academic performance of undergraduate students: In the cause of Arba Minch University Chamo Campus. Journal of Education and Practice.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Innocent Elum Afen, Pinto Hubert, Ph.D. Aloys Otieno Ojore, Ph.D. &#8220;Correlation Between Self-esteem and Depression Among Poorly Performing Students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.396-400 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/396-400.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/396-400.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/correlation-between-self-esteem-and-depression-among-poorly-performing-students-of-africa-nazarene-university-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Correlation Between Self-esteem and Depression Among Poorly Performing Students of Africa Nazarene University, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234c869 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234caf6\" data-id=\"234caf6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234cc24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234cc24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234ccd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234cffe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d155\" data-id=\"234d155\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d26c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d26c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d30b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d30b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d450\" data-id=\"234d450\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d602 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d602\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d745\" data-id=\"234d745\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d8f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d8f4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234da45\" data-id=\"234da45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234db51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234db51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234dbee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234dbee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234dd61\" data-id=\"234dd61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234de90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234de90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Gender Sensitivity of Nueva Ecija, Philippines Cradle Songs<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Matilde Melicent Santos-Recto, Fernando P. Ferrer, Jr. and Marjorie N. Manlulu &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 401-409<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234df30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234df30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234e0a9\" data-id=\"234e0a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234e1da elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234e1da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nGender is recently becoming a significant area of research in the field of popular music studies. As most studies focus on content analyses of popular music, there is still a need to research on the content of traditional songs, particularly, that which focuses on gender sensitivity. The idea that have appeared in most literatures that music phenomena are gendered, and that these phenomena are present in the musical \u201cmessages\u201d with its gendered qualities imposed by the listener in the process of perception were the focal points of the study.\r\nThe conclusion of the research provided information about the contents of lullaby in consideration of gender sensitivity. Data collection was through personal interviews and focus group discussions with elderly citizens groups of selected Nueva Ecija municipalities. The respondents were considered based on their age and initial claims that they have sung lullabies to their children. The more important results indicated that, most of the lyrics of cradle songs of Nueva Ecija are stereotypical with messages implying that mothers are usually left at home to take care of the children and fathers go work to provide the needs of the family. The backstories of the songs are connected to farm activities, market undertakings and advices for the child to grow worthy of their parents. Some songs deal with the merits of being a good and obedient child. It appeared that the cradle songs of Nueva Ecija are not highly gender-biased because most of the lyrics pertained to a child that for the time being is yet insensitive to gender roles.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 401-409\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6727<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Matilde Melicent Santos-Recto<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Business Administration and Accountancy. Central Luzon State University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fernando P. Ferrer, Jr.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nReserach Office, Central Luzon State University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Marjorie N. Manlulu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege of Arts and Social Science, Central Luzon State University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Cassidy, Jane W.; Standley, Jayne M. (1995). &#8220;The Effect of Music Listening on Physiological Responses of Premature Infants in the NICU&#8221;. Journal of Music Therapy. 32(4).\r\n[2] Chang, Mei-Yueh; Chen, Chung-Hey; Huang Kuo-Feng. (October 2008). &#8220;Effects of music therapy on psychological health of women during pregnancy&#8221;, Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 17, No. 19, pp. 2580\u20132587.\r\n[3] Ilari, Beatriz and Sundara, Megha. (January 2009). &#8220;Music Listening Preferences in Early Life: Infants&#8217; Responses to Accompanied versus Unaccompanied Singing&#8221; Journal of Research in Music Education, Vol. 56, No. 4, p. 356.\r\n[4] Lai, Hui-Ling, Chen, Chia-Jung Peng, Tai-Chu, Chang, Fwu-Mei; et al. (February 2006). &#8220;Randomized controlled trial of music during kangaroo care on maternal state anxiety and preterm infants&#8217; responses&#8221;. International Journal of Nursing Studies 43 (2): 139\u201346. doi:10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.04.008\r\n[5] Livingston, G. (2014). Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.pewsocialtrends.org\/2014\/06\/05\/growing-number-of-dads-home-with-the-kids\/\r\n[6] Macairan, E. (2012, June 17). &#8216;House husbands&#8217; emerging in Phl. Philippine Star. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.philstar.com\/news-feature\/2012\/06\/17\/817875\/house-husbands-emerging-phl\r\n[7] O&#8217;Callaghan, Clare. (April\u2013May 2008). &#8220;Lullament: Lullaby and Lament Therapeutic Qualities Actualized Through Music Therapy&#8221;. American Journal of Hospice &amp; Palliative Medicine. 25 (2): 93\u201399. doi:10.1177\/1049909107310139.\r\n[8] Pabico, A. (2005, April 2). Men as mothers. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Retrieved from http:\/\/pcij.org\/stories\/men-as-mothers\/\r\n[9] Ruspini, E. (2013). Diversity in Family Life: Gender, Relationships and Social Change. Policy Press, United Kingdom.\r\n[10] Pouthas, V. (1996). &#8220;The development of the perception of time and temporal regulation of action in infants and children&#8221;, Musical beginnings: Origins and development of musical competence. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 115\u2013141.\r\n[11] Smith, Deborah. (January 2003), \u201cCover your bases with these ethical strategies\u201d. Five principles for research ethics. Monitor Staff. Vol 34, No. 1. Print version: page 56\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Matilde Melicent Santos-Recto, Fernando P. Ferrer, Jr. and Marjorie N. Manlulu , &#8220;Gender Sensitivity of Nueva Ecija, Philippines Cradle Songs&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.401-409 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6727<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/401-409.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/gender-sensitivity-of-nueva-ecija-philippines-cradle-songs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Gender Sensitivity of Nueva Ecija, Philippines Cradle Songs<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234f3f9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"234f3f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234f4d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234f4d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234f681\" data-id=\"234f681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234f7c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234f7c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23500d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23500d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350173 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350173\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23502b4\" data-id=\"23502b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23503c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23503c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350459 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350459\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23505a5\" data-id=\"23505a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23506ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23506ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235074c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235074c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23508e4\" data-id=\"23508e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23509fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23509fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Recruitment Methods and Employees\u2019 Performance in local Governments, Karamoja Sub Region, Uganda<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Abura Samuel Pirir, Ongodia Ekomolot, Kiweewa Emmanuel, Tukundane Benson &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 410-427<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350a9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350a9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2350ce7\" data-id=\"2350ce7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2350ed6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2350ed6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Leadership is a pertinent organizational consideration which provides direction, strategies and motivation of employee towards the attainment of the desired organizational objectives. The purpose of the study was to assess the assessment of Recruitment Methods and Employees\u2019 Performance in local Governments, Karamoja district Sub Region, Uganda. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed at both uni-variate and bi-variate levels using frequency counts means, standard and PLCC which were supplemented by narrative analysis of qualitative data. The objective was to examine the recruitment methods and the leadership styles used in local governments in Karamoja Sub Region. Anchored on Fieldler\u2019s leadership theory and Barney\u2019s Resource Based View, the study hypothesized that H01: there is no significant relationship between recruitment methods and employee performance in local governments in Karamoja sub-region. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The regression results show (R2 = 0.2695) indicating that a unit change in recruitment attracts 27% change in performance. This means that the variance in work performance of employees in local governments can be predicted from recruitment. This study indicated that recruitment significantly predicts the level of performance of employees in local governments. The null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between recruitment and employee performance in local governments in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda was thus rejected. The study recommended that the Ministry of local government, in collaboration with the Local public service commission should continuously update and widen the guidelines for recruitment and to enable attracting of a large pool from which the best can be selected; and for ministry to monitor the DSC to ensure effectiveness of recruitment where there are no external influences.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 410-427\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abura Samuel Pirir <\/strong>\r\nKampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, P. O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ongodia Ekomolot <\/strong>\r\nKampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, P. O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiweewa Emmanuel <\/strong>\r\nKampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, P. O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tukundane Benson <\/strong>\r\nKampala International University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, P. O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adeyemi, O. S,. Dumade, E. O. &amp; Fadare, O. M,. (2015). The influence of recruitment and selection on organizational performance the influence of recruitment and selection on organizational performance IJAAR\r\n[2] Amin, M.E. (2005). Social Science Research Conceptions, Methodology and Analysis. Kampala, Makerere University.\r\n[3] Amony, S. (2010). The challenges of personnel recruitment under the decentralized system: A case study of Gulu district. 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J., Jung, D. I., &amp; Berson, Y. (2012). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 207-218.\r\n[17] Beardwell, J &amp; Claydon, T., (2007) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach, 5th Edition Financial Times Management\r\n[18] Biztantra, K.B. &amp; Mosley, R. (2011). \u2018Applying employer\u2019s brand management to employee engagement.\u2019 Strategic HR Review 10(3), 19-26\r\n[19] Black Well Storey, D.J. (2005) Small Firms in Regional Economic Development. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.\r\n[20] Borman, W. C., &amp; Motowidlo, S. J. (2003). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt &amp; W. C.\r\n[21] Bossert T. J &amp; BeauVais, J. (2002) Decentralization of Health Systems in Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and the Philippines: A comparative Analysis of Decision Space Health Policy and Planning 17(1), 14-31.\r\n[22] Brown, C. 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IntechOpen resource, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5772\/inteopen\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abura Samuel Pirir, Ongodia Ekomolot, Kiweewa Emmanuel, Tukundane Benson &#8220;Assessment of Recruitment Methods and Employees\u2019 Performance in local Governments, Karamoja Sub Region, Uganda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.410-427 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/410-427.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23537d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353929\" data-id=\"2353929\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2353a44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2353a44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2353ae5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2353ae5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353c3b\" data-id=\"2353c3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2353d4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2353d4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2353df3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2353df3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353f42\" data-id=\"2353f42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235405a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235405a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23540fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23540fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235424e\" data-id=\"235424e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235435f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235435f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23543ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23543ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2354540\" data-id=\"2354540\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235464c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235464c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23546e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23546e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2354855\" data-id=\"2354855\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2354964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2354964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Making the Case to Rethink Constitutional Limit on Police Custody in Liberia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo Sr, and D. Blamo Kofa &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 428-437<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2354a0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2354a0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23551d3\" data-id=\"23551d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235538a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"235538a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nConsistent with the rudiments of a research paper, this article makes the case that could motivate the Ministry of Justice to rethink the statutory provision about police custody time limits. As its theoretical framework, the study was guided by the core concept of \u201cDue Process\u201d with the main emphasis on procedural due process and substantive due process. Using the qualitative method with emphasis on literature review and interviews, the paper argues that the cases of the writ of habeas corpus cataloged against the Liberia National Police constitute a violation of the accused fundamental rights and a complete embarrassment to the LNP as protector or observer of the due process of law. It also argues that the principle of \u201cexpediency\u201d often cited as the justification for extending police custody beyond the constitutional time limit lacks justification in the statutes and is tantamount to the violation of substantive due process. It recommends that the Ministry of Justice see reasons to ignite the debate to initiate the amendment of Article 12(f) of the 1986 Liberian Constitution..\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 428-437\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo Sr <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAfrican Methodist Episcopal University and University of Liberia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. Blamo Kofa <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAfrican Methodist Episcopal University and University of Liberia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Arora, Kush (2022) Constitutional Due Process https:\/\/maryland-criminallawyer.com\/constitutional-due-process\/\r\n[2] Amnesty International (2002) Liberia: Human Rights defenders detained Incommunicado https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/wp content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/afr340172002en.pdf\r\n[3] African Commission on Human and Peoples&#8217; Rights (n.d.) State Parties to the African Charter https:\/\/www.achpr.org\/statepartiestotheafricancharter\r\n[4] Article 21 (f) and (g) of the Liberian Constitution (1986) https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\/constitution\/Liberia_1986.pdf?lang=en\r\n[5] Article 6 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (1986) https:\/\/www.achpr.org\/public\/Document\/file\/English\/banjul_charter.pdf\r\n[6] Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/universal-declaration-of-human-\r\n[7] Article 9 (4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1976) https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ccpr.pdf\r\n[8] BK Law Group (2019) How Long Can Police Hold Someone in Custody Following Arrest? https:\/\/bk-lawgroup.com\/blog\/how-long-can-police-hold-someone-in-\r\n[9] custody-following-arrest\/\r\n[10] British Embassy Abidjan (2020) Information Pack for British Prisoners in Abidjan Prisoners Pack Template https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/910621\/Cote_d_Ivoire_Prisoners_Pack_10_August_2020.pdf\r\n[11] Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2021) Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Cote d&#8217;Ivoire. https:\/\/www.state.gov\/reports\/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices\/cote-divoire\/\r\n[12] Diaz, Mark (2021) Why Is Due Process Important? https:\/\/texascriminaljustice.com\/why-is-due-process-important\/\r\n[13] Danish Institute of Human Rights, (n.d.) Signatories for Universal Declaration of Human Rights https:\/\/sdg.humanrights.dk\/en\/instrument\/signees\/24\r\n[14] Grossi, Simona (2017) Procedural Due Process https:\/\/scholarship.shu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&amp;context =circuitreview\r\n[15] GOV.UK (n.d.) How long you can be held in custody in the UK? https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/arrested-your-rights\/how-long-you-can-be-held-in- custody\r\n[16] Government of Canada (2021) An overview of the criminal law system in Japan https:\/\/travel.gc.ca\/travelling\/advisories\/japan\/criminal-law- system\r\n[17] Kenton, Will (2021) Due Process https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/d\/due-process.asp\r\n[18] Liberian Registry (n.d.) U.S. Liberian Legal Systems https:\/\/www.liscr.com\/us-liberian-legal-systems\r\n[19] Martens, Christopher (2016) After an Arrest in California, How Long Will I Be in Jail? https:\/\/www.martenslawfirm.com\/blog\/2016\/june\/after-an- arrest-in-california-how-long-will-i-be\r\n[20] Mitnick, Eric (2009) Procedural Due Process and Reputational Harm: Liberty as Self-Invention https:\/\/lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu\/issues\/43\/1\/articles\/43-1_Mitnick.pdf\r\n[21] Modern Ghana, (2009) Due Process of Law` \u2014What is It? https:\/\/www.modernghana.com\/blogs\/230952\/due-process-of-law-what- is-it.html\r\n[22] Nwabueze C. Nwabueze (2021) Right to Personal Liberty in Nigeria: How Long Can A Person be Detained? https:\/\/streetlawyernaija.com\/right-to-personal-freedom-in-nigeria\/\r\n[23] National Archives and Records Administration (n.d.) Magna Carta Translation https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/files\/press\/press-kits\/magna- carta\/magna-carta-translation.pdf\r\n[24] The Luanda Guidelines (2014) The Guidelines on the Conditions of Arrest, Police Custody and Pre-Trial Detention in Africa. https:\/\/apcof.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/conditions-of- arrestpolice-custody-and-pre-trial-detention-in-africa-luanda-guidelines- trainee-manual.pdf\r\n[25] The Law Dictionary Featuring Black\u2019s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (n.d.) What is REMEDIAL. https:\/\/thelawdictionary.org\/remedl\/\r\n[26] The Free Library (2021) Musa Dean, Koijee and Sudue face court https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Musa+Dean%2C+Koijee+and+Sudue+face+court a0671900508\r\n[27] The News (2021) Court Orders Koijee, Others \u2026To Release Detainees https:\/\/thenewsnewspaper.online\/court-orders-koijee-others-to-release- detainees\/\r\n[28] United Nations Treaty Collection, (n.d.) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&amp;mtdsg_no=IV- 4&amp;chapter=4&amp;clang=_en\r\n[29] V. James DESIMONE Law, (2020) How Long Can You Be Held by Police Without A Charge? https:\/\/www.vjamesdesimonelaw.com\/how-long-can-you-be-held-by-police-without-a-charge\/\r\n[30] Wea, R. Joyclyn (2022) Police IG, Others Summoned. The New Republic Liberia https:\/\/www.newrepublicliberia.com\/police-ig-others-summoned\/\r\n[31] Wilkes, Donald (2002) The Writ of Habeas Corpus, in 2 LEGAL SYSTEMS OF The World: A Political, Cultural, And Social Encyclopedia 645-47 (Herbert Kritzer Ed. 2002).\r\n[32] Williams, Ryan (2010). &#8220;The One and Only Substantive Due Process Clause&#8221;. Yale Law Journal. 120: 408\u2013512. SSRN 1577342.\r\n[33] Williams, David C. &amp; Barbu, Jallah (2009) Wolo v. Wolo, 5 LLR 423 (1937) A Commentary on The Meaning of the Constitution of the Republic of Liberia. https:\/\/ancl-radc.org.za\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/lib_const_com1.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Ambrues Monboe Nebo Sr, and D. Blamo Kofa, &#8220;Making the Case to Rethink Constitutional Limit on Police Custody in Liberia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.428-437 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/428-437.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/428-437.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/making-the-case-to-rethink-constitutional-limit-on-police-custody-in-liberia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Making the Case to Rethink Constitutional Limit on Police Custody in Liberia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2356221 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2356221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2356bd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2356bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2356c76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2356c76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2356dc6\" data-id=\"2356dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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data-id=\"23570d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23571d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23571d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2357295 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2357295\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23573df\" data-id=\"23573df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23574f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23574f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2357591 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2357591\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2357706\" data-id=\"2357706\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2357813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2357813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of Counseling on Delinquency among selected Secondary Schools, Ngando, Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Charity Amiemitsemhe Otono, Stephen Asatsa, PhD, Stellah Osoro Kerongo, PhD &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 438-444<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23578b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23578b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23591c1\" data-id=\"23591c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23593b3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23593b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The prevalence and growth of delinquency among selected secondary schools in Ngando, Nairobi County, is causing growing concern. The goal of this study was to look into the role of counseling on delinquency among students in selected secondary schools in Nairobi County, Ngando. The study was guided by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan&#8217;s Self-Determination Theory of Motivation and used an embedded mixed methods design. The study&#8217;s objectives were to assess the prevalence of delinquency and to investigate the types of counseling used among students in Ngando&#8217;s selected secondary schools. The target population consisted of 400 students and teachers, and the sample consisted of 200 respondents chosen using random and purposive sampling methods. However, only 189 participants were able to take part in the study which includes 185 students and 4 teachers. To collect data, the researcher used both questionnaires and interview guides. The collected data was analyzed in light of the research objectives. The researcher used frequency tables, standard deviations, and Pearson correlations to analyze quantitative data. Using the research objective themes, the qualitative data was presented in narrative form. According to the study, the most common types of delinquent behavior among students were violence, drug abuse, substance use, stealing, truancy, and unhealthy indecent relationships, while the most common types of counselling used were individual counselling, group counselling, and career counselling, with family counselling being rarely used. The study also found a link between different types of counseling and a reduction in delinquent behavior among students. The study recommended the use of trained psychotherapists in secondary schools to reduce and treat delinquent behaviors.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 438-444\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charity Amiemitsemhe Otono <\/strong>\r\nPsycho-Spiritual Institute of Lux Terra Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria at Marist International University College, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stephen Asatsa, PhD<\/strong>\r\nLecturer of Psychology, Department of Counseling Psychology, the Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stellah Osoro Kerongo, PhD <\/strong>\r\nPsycho-Spiritual Institute of Lux Terra Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria at Marist International University College, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abubakar, I. A. (2019). Career guidance services in public senior secondary schools in Kano, Nigeria. Asian Journal of University Education, 15(2), 28-35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/ajue.v15i2.7554.\r\n[2] Aklamanu, I. R. (2016). Perceptions of Teachers of the School Suspension Program in Ghanaian High Schools. International Journal of Humaities and Social Science, 6(9),86-89.\r\n[3] Anyanwu, C., Ireri, N., &amp; Kitonga, D. (2019). Students\u2019 Perception on the Effects of Individual Counseling on their Inter-Personal Relationships: A Case Study of Marist International University College, Nairobi. International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1), 1-18. https:\/\/finessejournals.com\/index.php\/IJAHSS\/article\/view\/8.\r\n[4] Audu, A., Ali, D. G., &amp; Pur, H. J. (2017). Effect of Group Counselling on Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students towards Schooling in Federal Government College Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(6), 123-127.\r\n[5] Dryfoos, J. G. (2020). Prevalence of Delinquency. doi: 10.1093\/oso\/9780195072686.001.0001\r\n[6] Ebizie, E.N., Enajedu, E.E., &amp; Nkechi, E. (2016). The Role of Guidance and Counselling in Effective Teaching and Learning in Schools. RAY: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, E-ISSN: 2456-3064, Volume I (2), 36\u201348.\r\n[7] Eliamani1, M.P., Richard, M. L., Peter, B. (2014). Access to guidance and counseling services and its influence on Students\u2019 school life and career choice. African Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 1(1), 007\u2013015.\r\n[8] Gichuho, M. M. N. C. M. (2015). Stakeholders Involvement and Perception towards Guidance and Counselling in Kambaa Division Secondary Schools, Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4(1), 186-188.\r\n[9] Gordon, A. R., Conron, K. J., Calzo, J. P., Reisner, S. L., &amp; Austin, S. B. (2016). Nonconforming Gender Expression Is a Predictor of Bullying and Violence Victimization Among High School Students in Four U.S. School Districts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(2), 51\u201352.\r\n[10] Hanimoglu, E. (2018). Deviant behaviour in school setting. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 133-141.\r\n[11] Kamau, S. N. (2011). Parental factors influencing delinquency among secondary school girls in Boarding schools: the case of schools in Ngong division, Kajiado North District (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi, Kenya).\r\n[12] Kariuki-githinji, S. (2020). Delinquency in Urban Kenya Secondary Schools: Implications for Parenting, IV(Vii), 95\u2013101.\r\n[13] Kowalczyk, D. (2021). What is individual counseling? Definition &amp; purpose. https:\/\/study.com\/academy\/lesson\/what-is-individual-counseling-definition-purpose.html\r\n[14] Obokata, A. (2020). Longitudinal Study of Mild Delinquency and In-School Problem Behaviors During Junior High School. Japanese Psychological Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpr.12316.\r\n[15] Obsuth, I., Murray, A. L., Knoll, M., Ribeaud, D., &amp; Eisner, M. (2021). Teacher-Student Relationships in Childhood as a Protective Factor against Adolescent Delinquency up to Age 17: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. Crime &amp; Delinquency, 00111287211014153.\r\n[16] Odebode, A. A. (2020). Views of Nigerian Teachers on Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline: Implications for Counselling Practices. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 7(1), 30-42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17509\/mimbar-sd.v7i1.23477\r\n[17] Odera, P., Ndaita, J., et. al. (2017). Effect of Counseling\/Modeling on Behaviour Modification of Juvenile Delinquents in Eldoret and Kakamega Rehabilitation Centres. European Scientific Journal, 13(32), 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.19044\/esj.2017.v13n32p225.\r\n[18] Oviogbodu, C. O. (2015). Perceived impact of guidance and counseling in the development of Niger Delta Region. Paper present at Niger Delta University conference with the theme: education and sustainable development in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Held at the University Ent.\r\n[19] Lawrence, K. C. (2020). Traumatising factors influencing interpersonal relationships of university students. 7(1),183-185. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi: 10.1080\/23311908.2020.1835383.\r\n[20] Mercer, N., Crocetti, E., Meeus, W., and Branje, S. (2017). Examining the relation between adolescent social anxiety, adolescent delinquency (abstention), and emerging adulthood relationship quality. 30(4), 428-440, https:\/\/doi.org\/doi: 10.1080\/10615806.2016.1271875.\r\n[21] Moracha, E. N. Mbiriri, M. &amp; Bironga, S. (2021). Examination of the prevalence of conduct disorder among young offenders: A case study of Shikusa Borstal Institution, Kenya. Research Journal in Advanced Social Sciences, 2(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/royalliteglobal.com\/rjass\/article\/view\/637.\r\n[22] Nguku W, C., Chege, K., Odera, P., &amp; J, N. (2017). Effect of Counseling\/Modeling on Behaviour Modification of Juvenile Delinquents in Eldoret and Kakamega Rehabilitation Centres. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13(32), 225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19044\/esj.2017.v13n32p225\r\n[23] Smith, B. H. (2004). The effects of community -level adoption of a risk- and protection-focused prevention framework on school -based prevention activities. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.\r\n[24] Upoalkpaior, J. N. (2020). Career Guidance and Its Implications for Students\u2019 Career Choices: The Case of Public Senior High Schools in Ghana. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 62\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/doI: 10.9734\/jesbs\/2020\/v33i830251\r\n[25] Valentine, J., Gottlieb, B., Keel, S., Griffith, J., &amp; Ruthazer, R. (1998). Measuring the Effectiveness of the Urban Youth Connection: The Case for Dose-Response Modeling to Demonstrate the Impact of an Adolescent Substance Abuse Prevention Program. Journal of Primary Prevention, 18(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024611129198\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Charity Amiemitsemhe Otono, Stephen Asatsa, PhD, Stellah Osoro Kerongo, PhD &#8220;The Role of Counseling on Delinquency among selected Secondary Schools, Ngando, Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.438-444 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/438-444.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/438-444.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-role-of-counseling-on-delinquency-among-selected-secondary-schools-ngando-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Role of Counseling on Delinquency among selected Secondary Schools, Ngando, Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235a274 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"235a274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235a346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235a6b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235a80b\" data-id=\"235a80b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235a924 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235a924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235a9c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235a9c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235ab10\" data-id=\"235ab10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ae10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ae10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235aecb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235aecb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b031\" data-id=\"235b031\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b14b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b14b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b1ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b1ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b33f\" data-id=\"235b33f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b4e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b4e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b632\" data-id=\"235b632\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b73f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b73f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b7dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b7dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b956\" data-id=\"235b956\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ba71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ba71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants of Occupational Health and Safety Implementation in Road Construction Projects in Kenya: A Case of Construction of Upper Hill \u2013 Mbagathi Link Road<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Peter M. Wamalwa &amp; Nyaga G. Juster &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 445-452<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235bb22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235bb22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235bcad\" data-id=\"235bcad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235bdd9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"235bdd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was purposed to find out the level of administration of Occupational Health and Safety which affects the construction worker in road construction projects. This was achieved by examining the determinants of occupational health and safety implementation in the construction sector of the Kenyan economy. The study will benefit all the stakeholders in the construction industry and make them appreciate more about employee welfare. It is meant to be good material for consumption by anybody else interested in the goings-on in the construction industry in Kenya. The survey was limited to an ongoing road construction project i.e. Construction of Upper Hill \u2013 Mbagathi Link Road. A questionnaire was adopted and used to gather data in the research and was delivered to respondents by hand. The respondents were selected by use of random and stratified sampling methods for accountability of the information gathered. The response rate was 83% with 72% of the respondents agreeing that raised levels of awareness of occupational health and safety impact on the implementation of OHS issues in road construction projects. Seventy five percent of the respondents agreed that project financial resources greatly impact the implementation of OHS issues in construction projects. The study recommended the need to increase factoring financial resource allocations for OHS in construction projects to enable road contractors to carry out awareness sensitization workshops, ensure regular supply of PPEs and insurance to construction workers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 445-452\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6728<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peter M. Wamalwa <\/strong>\r\nNational Oil Corporation of Kenya. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyaga G. Juster <\/strong>\r\nLecturer, School of Management and Leadership, Management University of Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Alli, B. (2008). Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety. Geneva: International Labour Organization.\r\n[2] Cameron, D. (2021). History of Workplace Health and Safety. Retrieved from Stay Safe: https:\/\/staysafeapp.com\/blog\/2020\/08\/21\/history-workplace-health-and-safety\/\r\n[3] DMI. (2020). Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.hrdp-idrm.in: http:\/\/www.hrdp-idrm.in\/e5783\/e17327\/e24075\/e27357\/\r\n[4] Fitzsimon, J., &amp; Fabian, B. (2008) Occupational health and safety management. Internal Auditing unit, CGIAR. Exposure Draft.\r\n[5] GoK. (2019). Approved Training Institutions 2018-2019 FY. Retrieved from Ministry Of Labour and Social Protection &#8211; Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health Services: https:\/\/labour.go.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/APPROVED-Training-Institutions-May-2019.pdf\r\n[6] Gyi et al., (1998). Case studies of occupational health management in the engineering construction industry. (Case Report vol 48, 263-271). Department of Design and Technology, Department of Human Sciences and Department of Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, UK.\r\n[7] Health and Safety Executive. (2007). Health and safety in construction. Suffolk, UK. House and Safety Executive.\r\n[8] Hosseinian, S. S., &amp; Torghabeh, Z. J. (2012). Major theories of construction accident causation models: A literature review . International Journal of Advances in Engineering &amp; Technology , 53-66.\r\n[9] Hughes, P., &amp; Ferret, E. (2007) Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd.\r\n[10] ILO (2005). Base line study of labour practices on large construction sites in the United Republic of Tanzania. A working paper coordinated by the National Construction Council, Dar es salaam. Sectoral activities programme. Geneva: International Labour Organization Office.\r\n[11] Marsden, E. (2017). Heinrich\u2019s domino model of accident causation. Retrieved from Risk Engineering: https:\/\/risk-engineering.org\/concept\/Heinrich-dominos\r\n[12] Mwombeki, F. K. (2005). Occupational Health and Safety Challenges in Construction Sites in Tanzania. 4th Triennial International Conference \u2013 Rethinking and Revitalizing Construction Safety, Health, Environment &amp; Quality. Port Elizabeth, South Africa.\r\n[13] Mugenda, O., &amp; Mugenda, A. (2012).Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative methods. Nairobi: ACTS Press\r\n[14] WorkSafeBC. (2008). How to implement a formal Occupational Health and Safety Program. British Columbia: WorkSafeBc Publications.\r\n[15] Yilmaz, M., Yildiz, S., &amp; Zorlu, F. (2020). The Importance of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and OHS Budgeting in terms of Social Sustainability in Construction Sector. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Volume 10:4\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Peter M. Wamalwa &amp; Nyaga G. Juster &#8220;Determinants of Occupational Health and Safety Implementation in Road Construction Projects in Kenya: A Case of Construction of Upper Hill \u2013 Mbagathi Link Road&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.445-452 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6728<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/445-452.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-of-occupational-health-and-safety-implementation-in-road-construction-projects-in-kenya-a-case-of-construction-of-upper-hill-mbagathi-link-road\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determinants of Occupational Health and Safety Implementation in Road Construction Projects in Kenya: A Case of Construction of Upper Hill \u2013 Mbagathi Link Road<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235cbe1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"235cbe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235ccb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235ccb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235ce29\" data-id=\"235ce29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235cf56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235cf56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235d008 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235d008\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235d15f\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-235d468\" data-id=\"235d468\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235d571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235d571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235d60c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235d60c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235d75b\" data-id=\"235d75b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23608c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23608c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23609bc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23609bc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2360b58\" data-id=\"2360b58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2360c7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2360c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2360d34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2360d34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2360ea9\" data-id=\"2360ea9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2360fc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2360fc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2361066 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2361066\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23611e5\" data-id=\"23611e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2361300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2361300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Innovativeness Dynamic of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>EGBERI, Edith, Onyeyime PhD and OMOGBIYA, O. Shulammite. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 453-457<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23613a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23613a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2361535\" data-id=\"2361535\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236167a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236167a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study investigated emotional intelligence as it pertains to innovativeness dynamic of entrepreneurial orientation in Nigeria. Two (2) components of emotional intelligence were employed, namely personal and social. Survey design and questionnaire was adopted; the questionnaire was administered to employees of some selected small and medium scale enterprises in Delta State. Data obtained in the field survey were analyzed via descriptive (mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and Karl Pearson correlation), post estimation test (variance inflation factor) and inferential (multiple regression) statistical tools. Findings indicated a statistically significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence (components of personal and social) and innovativeness dynamic of entrepreneurial orientation in Nigeria. This implies that emotional intelligence (personal and social) contributes to innovativeness of the entrepreneur. Given the findings of the study, it was recommended that management of small and medium scale enterprises should encourage employees to develop an innate tendency (personal intelligence) and team capabilities (social intelligence) towards entrepreneurship. In order to further foster innovativeness of entrepreneurs, there is the need for small and medium scale enterprises to ensure swift adaptability to change catalysts as well as building a bond among employees\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 453-457\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>EGBERI, Edith, Onyeyime PhD<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Administration and Management, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OMOGBIYA, O. Shulammite.<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Faculty of Administration and Management, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdullahi M. &amp; Burcin K. (2017). Entrepreneurial characteristics and competencies as determinants of corporate performance: A study on small enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia. International Journal of Research -Granthaalayah, 5(5),243-254.\r\n[2] Abdullahi, M.S., Abubakar, A., Aliyu, R.L. &amp; Umar, M.B. (2019). Empirical review on the determinants influencing firm performance in developing countries. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(6):1-10.\r\n[3] Adeoye, H., &amp;Torubelli, V. (2011). Emotional Intelligence and human relationship management as predictors of organizational commitment. Ife Center for Psychological Studies and Services, 19(2), 1-12\r\n[4] Adisa, M.K, Adeoye, A.O. &amp; Okunbanjo, O.I (2016). Impact of entrepreneurship orientation on entrepreneurs compensation in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 3(3), 102-116.\r\n[5] Aliyu S.M., Rogo B.H. &amp; Mahmood R. (2020). Knowledge management, entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: The role of organizational culture. Asian Social Science, 11(23), 1-12#\r\n[6] Awad, M.S. &amp; Kada A.H. (2012). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation: The moderating role of organizational climate and employees\u2019 creativity. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14\u0431 115-136.\r\n[7] Ayedun, T.A. &amp; Ajayi, M.O. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation among students of selected tertiary institutions in Ondo State. International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, 8(1) 1-16\r\n[8] Beal, R.M, (2019). Competing effectively: Environmental scanning competitive strategy and organizational performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 22, 27-45.\r\n[9] Bouazza, A.B., Ardjouman, D. &amp; Abada, O. (2015). Establishing the factors affecting the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in Algeria. American International Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 101- 115.\r\n[10] Davidson, P. (2015). The effects of entrepreneurship education on university students\u2019 attitude and entrepreneurial intentions. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(20), 149-157.\r\n[11] Dlofan, A.S (2016). Investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial behavior. Journal Of University of Duhok, 2(1), 29-42\r\n[12] Endi, S., Surachman, A., &amp; Djumilah, H., (2014). Entrepreneurial characteristics and competency as determinants of business performance in SMEs. Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 32-38.\r\n[13] Ikeije, U.U. &amp; Onuba C. (2015). An analysis of the contributions and challenges of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research 3(3), 1-9\r\n[14] Iyiola, O. &amp; Azuh, D. (2014). Women entrepreneurs as small-medium enterprise (SME) operators and their roles in socio-economic development in Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of Economic, Business and Finance, 2(1), 1-10.\r\n[15] Kamalian, A. &amp; Fazel, A. (2011). Relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurship of students: Case Study of University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 3(11), 127-146\r\n[16] Kiggundu, M.N. (2017). Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Africa: What is known and what needs to be done. Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 239-258.\r\n[17] Lee, D.Y. &amp; Tsang, E.W.K. (2014). The effect of entrepreneurial personality, background and network activities on venture growth. Journal of Management Studies, 38(4), 583-602\r\n[18] Mohammad K., R; Jafari M., S. &amp; Soheili, S. (2012). Identifying the effects of organizational climate on innovation: Case study of Mellat Bank. Entrepreneurial Development, 5(2), 67-86.\r\n[19] Mohammed, B.S., Fethi A. &amp; Djaoued, O.B. (2017). The influence of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on entrepreneurial intentions: Case of Algerian students. American Journal of Economics, 7(6), 274-282\r\n[20] Murad, H. A. &amp; Rula, A.A., (2015). The impact of entrepreneurs\u2019 characteristics on small business success at medical instruments supplies organizations in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(8), 164-175.\r\n[21] Najim, A, Naser A.A. &amp; Mohamed, I.A. (2014). Impact of the entrepreneurial attributes on business performance in a sample of Jordanian institutions. International Journal of Professional Management, 9(1), 1-18.\r\n[22] Oboreh, J., Egberi, K.A. &amp; Egberi, E.O. (2022). Workforce gender diversity and performance of multinational companies in Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(4), 1582-1590\r\n[23] Okunbanjo, O.I., Adewale, M.O. &amp; Akinsulire, H.O. (2017). Effect of entrepreneurs\u2019 character on SMES performance in Lagos State. Journal of Management and Science, 7(3), 17-29.\r\n[24] Oyeniyi, O.J &amp; Adeniji, A.A. (2010). Entrepreneur psychological traits and performance: implications for Nigerian non-oil SMES exporting companies. Review of Economic and Business Studies, 3(2),211-220\r\n[25] Tanveer, M.A., Akbar, A., Gill, H. &amp; Ahmed, I. (2013). Role of personal level determinants in entrepreneurial firm\u2019s success. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(1), 449-458.\r\n[26] Taylor, P. (2013). Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the internationalization of SMEs in developing countries. African Journal of Business Management, 7(19),1927-1937\r\n[27] Utami C.W. (2017) . Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior, entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy toward entrepreneurial intention university student in Indonesia. European Research Studies Journal X(2A), 475-495\r\n[28] Wang, D., Xue, H., &amp; Su, H. (2010). Influence of work support on employee creativity: an empirical examination in the people\u2019s republic of China. African Journal of Business Management, 4(8), 1546-53.\r\n[29] Wekesa, L., Maalu J.K., Gathungu J., &amp; Wainaina, G. (2016). Effect of entrepreneur characteristics on performance of non-timber forest products small and medium enterprises in Kenya.DBA Africa Management Review, 6(3),16-26.\r\n[30] Wen,Y, Chen H., Liman, P.L. &amp; Gu, X. (2020). The relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of chinese vocational college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Available at doi: 10.3390\/ijerph17124511\r\n[31] Wiklund J, &amp; Shepherd, D (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venture.20(1), 71-91.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">EGBERI, Edith, Onyeyime PhD and OMOGBIYA, O. Shulammite. , &#8220;Emotional Intelligence and Innovativeness Dynamic of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.453-457 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/453-457.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/453-457.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/emotional-intelligence-and-innovativeness-dynamic-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Innovativeness Dynamic of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23624a4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23624a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-id=\"236302e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236313c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236313c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236346f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236346f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363635\" data-id=\"2363635\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23637af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23637af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2363870 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2363870\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23639d3\" data-id=\"23639d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363ae1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2363ae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2363b7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2363b7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363cf7\" data-id=\"2363cf7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363e16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2363e16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Social Inclusion and Resilience as Predictors of Life Satisfaction Among University Undergraduates in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chinyere Wille Ndata, Chima Promise Akunna &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 458-464<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2363eb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2363eb5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2364047\" data-id=\"2364047\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2364191 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2364191\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The university is designed to prepare young people for the challenges of the workplace and enhance the achievement of their 4\/c goals. The developmental trajectories and experiences associated with being in the university have important implications for psychosocial development in later stages of life. This study investigated the contributions of social inclusion and resilience in university students\u2019 lift satisfaction in the Niger Delta region. Participants were 131 students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port-Harcourt, Rivers state. Data collection was by means of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Hierarchical multiple regression. Age of participants was included in the regression model as a covariate. Results showed that even as the effect of age was controlled for, social inclusion positively predicted satisfaction with We, with a contribution of 11% in explaining the variance in life satisfaction. Higher satisfaction with 4\/c was also predicted by resilience which explained 28% of the variance in life satisfaction. Resilience was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction, compared to social inclusion. The implication of the finding is that opportunities and resources should be provided for young people to participate fully in economic, social and cultural life of the society, but essentially, resilience building programmes should be implemented in order to ensure that youths enjoy a good standard of well-being and also have optimal quality of life in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 458-464\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chinyere Wille Ndata <\/strong>\r\nSchool of Foundation and General Studies, Department of General Studies, Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chima Promise Akunna <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of General Studies,Federal Polytechnic Ukana, Akwa-lbom State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abiola&amp; T, Udofia, O. (2011). Psychomctric Assessment of the Wagnild and young\u2019s Resilence Scale in Kano, Nigeria. BMC Research Notes, 4, 509.https:\/\/dx.doc.org\/10.1186\/17560500-4.509.\r\n[2] Abraham, N. M. (2011). Functional education, militancy and youth restiveness in Nigeria\u2019s Niger Delta: The place of multi-national oil corporations (MNOCs). African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 5(10), 442 \u2013 447. Doi: I 0.5897\/AJPSIRI\r\n[3] Anyaegbunam, A. 0. (2000). Niger Delta: A case for regional contingency plan. In A. Osuntokun (Ed.), Environmental problems of the Niger Delta (pp. 140\u2014149). Lagos: Friedrich Ebert Foundation.\r\n[4] Bebebiafai, V. E. (2007). Niger Delta: The cause and the insurgency. North Bank, Markurdi: Inclusion as a basis for recovery. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 375-388.\r\n[5] Bergerman, A. (2017) Youths\u2019 Inclusion in leadership will curb agitation UNDP punching. Com\/youths inclusion.\r\n[6] Communities. 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Employment, Parenting and Well-being among Mothers of children with disabilities. https:\/\/www.researehgae.nats Parenting.\r\n[39] Warfield, G., &amp; Young, H. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165-178.\r\n[40] Warfield, G.M. (2011). The resilience scale user\u2019s guide for the US English version of the resilience scale (RS- 14). Worden, Montana: The Resilience Centre.\r\n[41] Wilson, C; &amp; Seeker, J. (2015). Social inclusion (ISSN: 2183-2803) 2015, volume 3, issue 4, pg 52-62. Doi: iO. 1 7645\/siv3l4. 121.\r\n[42] Yildirim, G., &amp;Sonmez, S. (2017). The relation between resilience and life satisfaction in preservice preschool teachers in Turkey. Journal on Educational Psychology, 11(1), 5-13. doi: 10.26634\/jpsy.1 1.1.13647.\r\n[43] Youniss, J. (1994). Children\u2019s friendship and peer culture: Implications for theories of networks and support. In F. Nestman and K. Hurrelman (ed). Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence (PP.75-88). Walter De Gruyter.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chinyere Wille Ndata, Chima Promise Akunna &#8220;Social Inclusion and Resilience as Predictors of Life Satisfaction Among University Undergraduates in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.458-464 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/458-464.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/social-inclusion-and-resilience-as-predictors-of-life-satisfaction-among-university-undergraduates-in-niger-delta-region-of-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Social Inclusion and Resilience as Predictors of Life Satisfaction Among University Undergraduates in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236517a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23653d0\" data-id=\"23653d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23654fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23654fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23655a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23655a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23656f5\" data-id=\"23656f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2365815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2365815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23658c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23658c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2365a13\" data-id=\"2365a13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2365b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2365b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2365bd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2365bd1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2365d2d\" data-id=\"2365d2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2365e38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2365e38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2365ed2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2365ed2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2366022\" data-id=\"2366022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2366133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2366133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23661d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23661d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236631f\" data-id=\"236631f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2366426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2366426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23664c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23664c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2366628\" data-id=\"2366628\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236673a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236673a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Government Policy on Law for Sustainability of Dry Ports in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Godson Okpara, and Hope Okpara, Esq &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 465-478<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23667d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23667d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2366969\" data-id=\"2366969\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2366ab1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2366ab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study examined the influence of government policy\/law on sustainability of dry ports in Nigeria. The target population of the study consisted of all the key facilitators and supportive personnel of the eleven functional, non-functional and proposed dry ports in Nigeria. A sample of 222 facilitators and supportive personnel selected from 6 geopolitical zones participated in the study. The hypotheses were tested through the help of SPSS 22.0 and the use of inferential statistical tools of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The study found that understanding and managing hinterland roads and rails play a significant role in enhancing sustainability of dry ports. The study concludes that both government policy and legal framework are positively and significantly related to the optimization of dry ports. In addition, government policy and legal framework have positive and significant relationship with the growth of dry ports. Therefore, the study recommends that government should come up with effective legal framework and policies on dry port operations in Nigeria as there are no such instruments to navigate effective and sustainable operations of dry ports in Nigeria. There should be a sustained port access maintenance programme in Nigeria.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 465-478\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Godson Okpara <\/strong><\/span>\r\nPhD Scholar in Maritime Transport, Post Graduate School, Department of Maritime Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hope Okpara, Esq <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCaptain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Agamez-Arias, A.-M. &amp;. Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2017). Intermodal transport in freight distribution: A literature review. Transport Reviews 37: 782\u2013807.\r\n[2] Alam, J. (2016). Role of effective planning process in boosting dry port effectiveness: A case study of central Pakistan. International Journal of Supply Chain Management 5, 153\u2013164.\r\n[3] Awad-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, S., Soler-Flores, F., Gonz\u00e1lez-Cancelas, N. &amp; Camarero-Orive, A. (2016). How should the sustainability of the location of dry ports be Measured? Transportation Research Procedia 14, 936\u2013944.\r\n[4] Chang, Z., Notteboom, T. &amp;. Lu, J. (2015). A two-phase model for dry port location with an application to the port of Dalian in China. Transportation Planning and Technology 38: 442\u2013464.\r\n[5] Christopher, M., (2011). Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 4th ed., Harlow: Pearson Education\r\n[6] Durach, C.F., Kembro, J. &amp; Wieland, A. (2017). A new paradigm for systematic literature reviews in supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management 53,67\u201385.\r\n[7] ESCAP (2015). Potential Project Structuring Options for Development of Dry Ports under PPP Mode in Asia-Pacific Region.\r\n[8] Fazi, S., &amp;. Roodbergen, K.J (2018). Effects of demurrage and detention regimes on dry-port-based inland container transport. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 89, 1\u201318.\r\n[9] Feng, X., Zhang, Y., Li, Y. &amp; Wang, W. (2013). A location-allocation model for seaport-dry port sys- tem optimization. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society. https:\/\/doi. org\/10.1155\/2013\/309585.\r\n[10] Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman Publishing Inc.\r\n[11] Gerald, W.W. &amp; Jin, Z. (2015). A Comparative Study of Dry Ports in East Africa and China. Developing Country Studies, 5, 7-17.\r\n[12] Haralambides, H.E. (2017). Globalization, public sector reform, and the role of ports in international sup- ply chains. Maritime Economics and Logistics 19 (1): 1\u201351.\r\n[13] Haralambides, H.E. (2019). Gigantism in container shipping, ports and global logistics: A time-lapse into the future. Maritime Economics and Logistics 21 (1), 1\u201360.\r\n[14] Jeevan, J., Chen, S. &amp; Lee. E. (2015a). The challenges of Malaysian dry ports development. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 31: 109\u2013134.\r\n[15] Jeevan, J., Ghaderi, H., Bandara, Y.M. Saharuddin, A.H. &amp;. Othman. M.R (2015b). The implications of the growth of port throughput on the port capacity: The case of Malaysian major container seaports. International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy 3, 84\u201398.\r\n[16] Jeevan, J., Salleh, N.H.M., Loke, K.B. &amp; Saharuddin, A.H. (2017). Preparation of dry ports for a competi- tive environment in the container seaport system: A process benchmarking approach. International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy 7, 19\u201333.\r\n[17] Khaslavskaya, A., &amp; Roso, V. (2019). Outcome-driven supply chain perspectives on dry ports. Sustain- ability 11: 1492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11051492.\r\n[18] Macharis, C. &amp; Verbeke, A. (2002) The optimal location of intermodal terminals, NECTAR Conference, Delft.\r\n[19] Mirzabeiki, V., Roso, V. &amp; Sj\u00f6holm. P. (2016). Collaborative tracking and tracing applied on dry Ports. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 25: 425\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/ IJLSM.2016.079834.\r\n[20] Mour\u00e3o, M. C., Pato, M. V &amp; Paix\u00e3o, A. C. (2002). Ship assignment with hub and spoke constraints, Maritime Policy and Management, 29:135-150.\r\n[21] Ng, A.K.Y., &amp; Cetin, I.B. (2012). Locational characteristics of dry ports in developing economies: Some lessons from northern India. Regional Studies 46, 757\u2013773.\r\n[22] Nguyen, L.C. &amp; Nottenbom, T. (2016). A Multi-Criteria Approach to Dry Port Location in Developing Economies with Application to Nigeria. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 32, 23-32.\r\n[23] Nguyen, L.C. &amp; Notteboom, T. (2019). The relations between dry port characteristics and regional port- hinterland settings: Findings for a global sample of dry ports. Maritime Policy and Management 46, 24\u201342.\r\n[24] Notteboom, T., &amp;. Yang, Z. (2017). Port governance in China since 2004: Institutional layering and the growing impact of broader policies. Research in Transportation Business &amp; Management, Revisiting Port Governance and Port Reform: A Multi- country Examination 22, 184\u2013200.\r\n[25] Qiu, X., Lam, J.S.L &amp; Huang, G.Q. (2015). A bilevel storage pricing model for outbound containers in a dry port system. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 73, 65\u201383.\r\n[26] Panova, Y. &amp; Hilmola, O.P. (2015). Justification and evaluation of dry port investments in Russia. Research in Transportation Economics, Austerity and Sustainable Transportation 51: 61\u201370.\r\n[27] Phillips, R. A. (2003). Stakeholder Legitimacy. Business Ethics Quarterly 9(4): 619-638\r\n[28] Nigerian Shippers\u2019 Council (2018). Dry ports in Nigeria http:\/\/www.shipperscouncil. com\/nsc\/portal\/services\/support.html.\r\n[29] Talley, W.K. &amp; Ng. M. (2018). Hinterland transport chains: A behavioral examination approach. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Making connections: Supply chain innovation research collaboration 113, 94\u2013 98.\r\n[30] Talley, W.K. &amp; Ng, M. (2017). Hinterland transport chains: Determinant effects on chain choice. Inter- national Journal of Production Economics 185, 175\u2013179.\r\n[31] UNOHRLLS (2017). Africa Regional Report on Improving Transit Cooperation, Trade and Trade Facilitation for the Benefit of the Landlocked Developing Countries: Current Status and Policy Implications. http:\/\/unohrlls.org\/custom-content\/uploads\/\/AFRICA-REGION-REPORT-7-June.pdf\r\n[32] Wang, C., Chen, Q. &amp; Huang, R. (2018). Locating dry ports on a network: A case study on Tianjin Port. Maritime Policy &amp; Management 45, 71\u201388.\r\n[33] Wang, G.W.Y., Zeng, Q., Li, K. &amp; Yang, J. (2016). Port connectivity in a logistic network: The case of Bohai Bay, China. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 95: 341\u2013354.\r\n[34] Werikhe, G.W., &amp; Jin, Z.H. (2015). Integration of the extended gateway concept in supply chain disruptions management in East Africa-conceptual paper. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 20, 235\u2013247.\r\n[35] Witte, P., Wiegmans, B. &amp; Ng, A.K.Y. (2019). A critical review on the evolution and development of inland port research. Journal of Transport Geography 74: 53\u201361.\r\n[36] Xie, Y., Liang, X., Ma, L. &amp; Yan, H. (2017). Empty container management and coordination in inter- modal transport. European Journal of Operational Research 257, 223\u2013232.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Godson Okpara, and Hope Okpara, Esq, &#8220;Influence of Government Policy on Law for Sustainability of Dry Ports in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.465-478 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/465-478.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/465-478.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-government-policy-on-law-for-sustainability-of-dry-ports-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Government Policy on Law for Sustainability of Dry Ports in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2367cc6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2367cc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2367d95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2367d95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2367f2f\" data-id=\"2367f2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368060 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2368060\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368106 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368106\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236825c\" data-id=\"236825c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236836e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236836e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368417 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368417\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236855e\" data-id=\"236855e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368670 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2368670\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368709 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368709\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2368868\" data-id=\"2368868\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236896f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236896f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368a14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368a14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2368b70\" data-id=\"2368b70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368c7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2368c7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368d17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368d17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2368e68\" data-id=\"2368e68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368f81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2368f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2369020 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2369020\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236917c\" data-id=\"236917c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2369b6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2369b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Dimensions of National Law Development in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Achmad Irwan Hamzani, Mukhidin, Kanti Rahayu, Sanusi, Kus Rizkianto, Nur Khasanah, Havis Aravik &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 479-483<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2369c5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2369c5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2369e3d\" data-id=\"2369e3d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236a617 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236a617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Legal development is a necessity for the Indonesian people. Having its product law becomes the identity of a free nation. The original Indonesian law will later become a national law that is free from colonial legal products. This study aims to describe the terminology of legal development and reform and the urgency of developing a national criminal law in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that legal development is synonymous with legal reform. Legal development is an inseparable part of national development. Integrating and synergizing with other fields such as politics, economy, society, environment, and security in legal development is necessary. Legal development must be sustainable and well planned. Legal development can also mean legal reform which includes updating existing or outdated legal provisions and creating new laws needed to meet the demands of developments that occur in society. The implementation of legal development is not only limited to statutory regulations but also leads to a legal system such as the development of legal materials, institutional development and law enforcement, development of legal services, and development of public legal awareness. These elements influence each other, and the law must be built simultaneously, synchronously, and integrated. The development of criminal law for the Indonesian nation is very urgent because as an independent nation it does not yet have its criminal law system. The current criminal law system is the Dutch colonial legacy legal system<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 479-483\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6729<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Achmad Irwan Hamzani <\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mukhidin<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sanusi<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kus Rizkianto<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Law, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nur Khasanah<\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Education, Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Havis Aravik<\/strong>\r\nDepartement of Islamic Economics, STEBIS IGM, Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adhayanto, (2014). \u2018Perkembangan Sistem Hukum Nasional\u2019, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4 (2): 253\u201388 https:\/\/jih.ejournal.unri.ac.id\/index.php\/JIH\/article\/view\/2790.\r\n[2] Alin, F., (2017). \u2018Sistem Pidana Dan Pemidanaan Di Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia\u2019, JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum), 3 (1): 14-26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33760\/jch.v3i1.6.\r\n[3] Arief, B.N., (2010). Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana; Perkembangan Penyusunan Konsep KUHP Baru Jakarta: Kencana. https:\/\/ebooks.gramedia.com\/books\/bunga-rampai-kebijakan-hukum-pidana?buffet=1.\r\n[4] Asikin, Z., (2017). Pengantar Ilmu Hukum; Edisi Kedua, Jakarta: Rajawali Press. https:\/\/www.rajagrafindo.co.id\/produk\/pengantar-ilmu-hukum-zainal-asikin\/.\r\n[5] Bratakusumah, D.S., and Riyadi, (2004). Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah\u202f: Strategi Menggali Potensi Dalam Mewujudkan Otonomi Daerah, Jakarta\u202f: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2004. ac.perpusnas.go.id\/DetailOpac.aspx?id=331949.\r\n[6] Dahuri, R., and I. Nugroho, (2012). Pembangunan Wilayah: Perspektif Ekonomi, Sosial Dan Lingkungan, Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/293480366.\r\n[7] Djatmiko, W. P. (2018). \u2018Paradigma Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Yang Responsif Dalam Perspektif Teori J.H. 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Hukum, Masyarakat Dan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Bandung: Bina Cipta. https:\/\/lontar.ui.ac.id\/detail?id=20105883.\r\n[18] Lala, A., (2021). \u2018Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Pidana Nasional\u2019, Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 2 (5): 724\u201337 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36418\/jiss.v2i5.286.\r\n[19] Lubis, M., (2014). \u2018Peranan Budaya Hukum Dalam Perspektif Pembangunan Hukum Nasional\u2019, Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 1 (1): 16\u201337. https:\/\/ojs.uma.ac.id\/index.php\/gakkum\/article\/view\/1839.\r\n[20] Mahfuz, A.L., (2019). \u2018Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Politik Hukum Dalam Suatu Pembentukan\u2019, Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 1 (1): 43\u201357. https:\/\/jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id\/KHDK\/article\/view\/2442.\r\n[21] Manan, B., A. Abdurahman, and M. Susanto, (2021). \u2018Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Yang Religius: Konsepsi Dan Tantangan Dalam Negara Berdasarkan Pancasila\u2019, Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 5 (2): 176\u2013195 http:\/\/jurnal.fh.unpad.ac.id\/index.php\/jbmh\/article\/view\/303.\r\n[22] Mertokusumo, S,, (2008). Mengenal Hukum; Suatu Pengantar, Yogyakarta: Liberti. https:\/\/lontar.ui.ac.id\/detail?id=20161942.\r\n[23] Muin, F., and P. L. Karsa, (2019). \u2018Prospek Kebijakan Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Barbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat Pada Era 4.0\u2019, Jurnal Jurisprudence, 9 (1): 39\u201348 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23917\/jurisprudence.v9i1.8094.\r\n[24] Mulyadi, L., (2009).\u2018Teori Hukum Pembangunan Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, S.H., Ll.M\u2019, 8 (2): 1\u201329. https:\/\/badilum.mahkamahagung.go.id\/.\r\n[25] Mulyadi, L., (2013). \u2018Eksistensi Hukum Pidana Adat Di Indonesia\u202f: Pengkajian Asas, Norma, Teori, Praktik Dan Prosedurnya\u2019, Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 2 (2): 225 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25216\/jhp.2.2.2013.225-246.\r\n[26] Muslehuddin, M., (2000). Philosophy of Islamic Law and The Orientalist; A Comparative Study of Islamic Legal System, Lahore: Islamic Publications Ltd. https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/MUSPOI-3.\r\n[27] Nadir, and W. Y. Wardani, (2018). \u2018Politik Hukum Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Indonesia: Arah Dan Subtansinya\u2019, Jurnal Yustitia, 19 (1): 11\u201323. http:\/\/ejournal.unira.ac.id\/index.php\/yustitia\/article\/view\/403.\r\n[28] Pahlevi, F.S., (2016). \u2018Revitalisasi Pancasila Dalam Penegakan Hukum Yang Berkeadilan Di Indonesia\u2019, Justicia Islamica, 13 (2): 173-184. &lt;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21154\/justicia.v13i2.585&gt;.\r\n[29] Pardede, M. (2016). \u2018Grand Design Reformasi Penelitian Hukum Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Negara Republik Indonesia\u2019, Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 16 (2): 125\u201345. https:\/\/ejournal.balitbangham.go.id\/index.php\/dejure\/article\/view\/44\/4.\r\n[30] Pokja Penyusunan DPHN, (2020). Dokumen Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Tahun 2020, Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI. https:\/\/www.bphn.go.id\/data\/documents\/13._buku_dphn.pdf.\r\n[31] Prabandani, H.W., (2011). \u2018Pembangunan Hukum Berbasis Kearifan Lokal\u2019, Hukum Dan Kearifan Lokal, 1 (XVII): 29\u201333. http:\/\/jdih.bappenas.go.id\/data\/filef.\r\n[32] Rasyidi, M.A., (2021). \u2018Menuju Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia\u2019, Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, 12 (1): 1\u201310. https:\/\/journal.universitassuryadarma.ac.id\/index.php\/jmm\/article\/view\/627.\r\n[33] Rudy, (2014). Pembangunan Hukum Di Daerah; Membangun Legislasi Yang Mengayomi, Bandar Lampung: CV. Anugrah Utama Raharja. http:\/\/repository.lppm.unila.ac.id\/16300\/1\/Pembangunan Hukum di Daerah &#8211; Rudy.pdf.\r\n[34] Siagian, S.P., (1994). Administrasi Pembangunan; Konsep, Dimensi Dan Strateginya, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.https:\/\/pustakaaceh.perpusnas.go.id\/detail-opac?id=26850.\r\n[35] Subandi, (2011). Ekonomi Pembangunan, Bandung: Alfabeta. https:\/\/cvalfabeta.com\/product\/ekonomi-pembangunan\/.\r\n[36] Sukma, D.P., (2021). \u2018Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Masyarakat\u2019, NEW RATU ADIL UNSA (NRAU), 5 September: 205\u20132011 https:\/\/journalfhunsa.com.index.php\/newratuadilunsa.\r\n[37] Syariah, R., (2008). \u2018Keterkaitan Budaya Hukum Dengan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional\u2019, Jurnal Equality, 13 (1): 32\u201340 http:\/\/repository.usu.ac.id\/bitstream\/handle\/.\r\n[38] Vollenhoven, C.v., (1981). Orientasi Dalam Hukum Adat Indonesia, Terjemah Tim Penterjemah Djambatan, Jakarta: Djambatanhttps:\/\/books.google.co.id\/books?id=pUAJAQAAIAAJ&amp;hl=id&amp;lr=.\r\n[39] Wasitaatmadja, F.F., (2015). Filsafat Hukum; Akar Religiositas Hukum, Jakarta: Kencana. https:\/\/books.google.co.id\/books?id=cfpDDwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover.\r\n[40] Zuhraini, Z., (2012). \u2018Revitalisasi Pancasila Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Di Era Globalisasi\u2019, Pranata Hukum, 7 (1): 52\u201366. https:\/\/www.neliti.com\/publications\/26729\/revitalisasi-pancasila-dalam-pembangunan-hukum-nasional-di-era-globalisasi.\r\n[41] Zuhri, L., (2016). \u2018Nilai Lokal Krik Salamat Sebagai Asas Dalam Pembangunan Hukum\u2019, Rechtidee, 11 (1): 64\u201383 https:\/\/journal.trunojoyo.ac.id\/rechtidee\/article\/view\/1987.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Achmad Irwan Hamzani, Mukhidin, Kanti Rahayu, Sanusi, Kus Rizkianto, Nur Khasanah, Havis Aravik &#8220;Dimensions of National Law Development in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.479-483 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6729<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/479-483.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/dimensions-of-national-law-development-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Dimensions of National Law Development in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236b533 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"236b533\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236bbfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236bca6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236bca6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236bdfc\" data-id=\"236bdfc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236c227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c2c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c2c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236c40e\" data-id=\"236c40e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c51d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236c51d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c5bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c5bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236c712\" data-id=\"236c712\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c81d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236c81d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c8c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c8c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236f0eb\" data-id=\"236f0eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236f282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236f282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Traffic Flow Study in Akure Urban Centre<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Enyinda, C. Albert. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 484-496<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236f343 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236f343\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236f500\" data-id=\"236f500\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236f639 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236f639\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">With increase in urban mobility and motorization of movement in Akure, traffic congestion has become a major issue in the development planning of the metropolis. The knowledge of the stream speed of traffic corridors of the metropolis as well as the rate of capacity utilization of the road network as well as the externality cost of the various traffic stream becomes a vital asset for road and urban transportation planning. These issues were what this study tackled. To this end, traffic surveys were done along selected traffic corridors to determine the stream speed by multiplying the vehicular concentration (vehicles per unit distance of roadway) with speed (distance per unit time), then the rate of capacity utilization was gotten using the determined capacity stream speed (traffic flow) as a ratio of the installed stream speed. The study showed that traffic speed varies from time to time and for different days too. These variations were noticed to be tangible for direction of traffic at any point time. For those, travelling towards the central business district during the mornings traffic streams are higher and at reduced speed. The study showed that certain roads require capacity expansion as capacities were over utilized. These expansions, if must be done, must be weighed carefully using social cost benefit analysis to ascertain true cost and benefits (socially and economically) to the society.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 484-496\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Enyinda, C. Albert. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Logistics and Transport Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bang, ,. K., Wahlstedt, J., &amp; and Linse, I. (2016). Methodology for time and impact analysis of signalized intersection. Transport Research Procedia, (pp. 75-86).\r\n[2] Enyinda, C. A., &amp; Stephens, M. S. (2016). Analysis of Travel Demand in Akure. FUTA Journal of Management and Technology.\r\n[3] Ferreira, S., &amp; Couto, A. (2013). Traffic flow accidents relationship for urban intersections on the basis of the translog function. Safety Scjence, (pp. 115-122).\r\n[4] Ferreira,, H., Jia, B., Tian, J., &amp; Yun, L. (2013). Traffic flow- accidents relationship for urban interections on the basis of the translog function. Safety science, (pp. 115-122).\r\n[5] Koonce, P. (2008). Traffic Signal Timing Manuel. USA: Federal Highway Administration.\r\n[6] Marfani, S; Shihora, D; Kanthariya, C; Kansara, H;. (2018). Traffic Improvement for Urban Road Intersection. Surat.\r\n[7] Oskarbski, J; Guminska, I; Miszewski, M; Oskarbska, I;. (2016). Analysis of Signalized Intersection in the Context of Pedestrian Traffic. 14, pp. 2138-2147. Transport Research Procedia.\r\n[8] Sun, W; Wu, X; Wang, Y; Yu, G;. (2015). A Contiunous Flow Intersection-Lite Design and Traffic Control For Oversaturated Bottleneck Intersection. Transport Reseach part C, (pp. 18-33).\r\n[9] Ukpata, J. O., &amp; Etika, A. A. (2012). Traffic congestion in major cities of Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(8), 1433-1438.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Enyinda, C. Albert. &#8220;Analysis of Traffic Flow Study in Akure Urban Centre&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.484-496 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/484-496.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/484-496.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-traffic-flow-study-in-akure-urban-centre\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of Traffic Flow Study in Akure Urban Centre<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2370461 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2370461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237053c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237053c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23706ce\" data-id=\"23706ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23707fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23707fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2370baf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2370baf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2370cfd\" data-id=\"2370cfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2370e09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2370e09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2370ea5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2370ea5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2370fec\" data-id=\"2370fec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23710fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23710fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2371a0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2371a0c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2371c21\" data-id=\"2371c21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2371d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2371d56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2371e0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2371e0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2371f6a\" data-id=\"2371f6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23720a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23720a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2372155 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2372155\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23722df\" data-id=\"23722df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2372402 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2372402\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Knowledge Systems on Functioning and Resource Use Efficiency in Policy and Land Grabbing<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ngonzi Wilson &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 497-501<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23724a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23724a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237262b\" data-id=\"237262b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237274f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237274f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nUganda lies in east central Africa, has a tropical climate, and fertile agricultural land. The country has a population of some 42 million, and is mainly land-locked, with Lake Victoria dominating the south east of the country. Agriculture accounts for just under a third of land use, and the country\u2019s main exports are coffee, fish, tea, tobacco and cotton. Some 15% of the country is covered by forest (U.S Department of State, 2012). Some 85% of the population live in rural areas and four in ten of the rural population, predominantly in the north and north east of the country, are considered to be living in abject poverty. Approximately five per cent of rural households are affected by food insecurity (Rural poverty portal, 2012).\r\nAgriculture plays an important part in Uganda\u2019s economy, with 80% of all jobs in the agriculture and fishing sectors. While some cash crops are grown for export (particularly coffee, tea, cotton and tobacco), many rural communities have traditionally relied on subsistence agriculture, growing cassava, corn, potatoes and millet, as well as plants for medicinal uses (U.S Department of State, 2012).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 497-501\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ngonzi Wilson<\/strong><\/span>\r\nUganda Martyrs University, Uganda.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Xu, J., Kochanek, K.D., Murphy, S.L. and Arias, E., 2014. Mortality in the United States, 2012 (No. 168). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.\r\n[2] Andr\u00e9u, C., 2012. Rural poverty in Honduras: despite progress, an ongoing challenge. Global Majority E-Journal, 3(2), pp.100-109.\r\n[3] Hill, C., 2011, September. Enabling rural women\u2019s economic empowerment: Institutions, opportunities and participation. In Background paper: UN women expert group meeting Accra, Ghana (pp. 20-23).\r\n[4] DeMets, C., Gordon, R.G. and Argus, D.F., 2010. Geologically current plate motions. Geophysical journal international, 181(1), pp.1-80.\r\n[5] Nape, K.M., 2011. Using seasonal rainfall with APSIM to improve maize production in the Modder River catchment (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State).\r\n[6] Piacenza, C., 2012, October. Negotiating gendered property relations over land: oil palm expansion in Kalangala district, Uganda. In International Conference on Global Land Grabbing II, Cornell University.\r\n[7] Anseeuw, W., Boche, M., Breu, T., Giger, M., Lay, J., Messerli, P. and Nolte, K., 2013. Transnational land deals for agriculture in the Global South: Analytical report based on the Land Matrix Database. In Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Centre.\r\n[8] Allan, R.N., 2013. Reliability evaluation of power systems. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.\r\n[9] O&#8217;brien, F.J., 2011. Biomaterials &amp; scaffolds for tissue engineering. Materials today, 14(3), pp.88-95.\r\n[10] Galluzzi, L., Pedro, B.S., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S.A., Abrams, J.M., Adam, D., Alnemri, E.S., Altucci, L., Andrews, D., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli, M. and Baehrecke, E.H., 2015. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death &amp; Differentiation, 22(1), pp.58-73.Graham, J.R., Harvey, C.R. and Rajgopal, S., 2005. The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of accounting and economics, 40(1-3), pp.3-73.\r\n[11] Mart\u00ednez-Pinilla, E., Varani, K., Reyes-Resina, I., Angelats, E., Vincenzi, F., Ferreiro-Vera, C., Oyarzabal, J., Canela, E.I., Lanciego, J.L., Nadal, X. and Navarro, G., 2017. Binding and signaling studies disclose a potential allosteric site for cannabidiol in cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, p.744.\r\n[12] Locke, A.E., Kahali, B., Berndt, S.I., Justice, A.E., Pers, T.H., Day, F.R., Powell, C., Vedantam, S., Buchkovich, M.L., Yang, J. and Croteau-Chonka, D.C., 2015. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. Nature, 518(7538), pp.197-206.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ngonzi Wilson , &#8220;Knowledge Systems on Functioning and Resource Use Efficiency in Policy and Land Grabbing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.497-501 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/497-501.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/497-501.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/knowledge-systems-on-functioning-and-resource-use-efficiency-in-policy-and-land-grabbing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Knowledge Systems on Functioning and Resource Use Efficiency in Policy and Land Grabbing<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2375e30 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2375e30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2375f10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2375f10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23760a0\" data-id=\"23760a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23761d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23761d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2376284 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2376284\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23763da\" data-id=\"23763da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23764f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23764f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2376595 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2376595\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23766eb\" data-id=\"23766eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23767f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23767f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237689c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237689c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23769f0\" data-id=\"23769f0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2376b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2376b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2376bac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2376bac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2376cff\" data-id=\"2376cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2376e13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2376e13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2376eb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2376eb0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2376ff0\" data-id=\"2376ff0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23770fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23770fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2377a21 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2377a21\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2377d32\" data-id=\"2377d32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2377e88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2377e88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An investigation of the acquisition, transfer and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge by traditional healers in Chibombo District of Zambia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dalitso Mvula, Chrispin Hamooya &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 502-509<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2377f40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2377f40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23780e1\" data-id=\"23780e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2378230 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2378230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aimed at investigating the acquisition, transfer and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge by traditional healers in Chibombo District. The objectives of the study were to explore how traditional healers acquired Indigenous Medical Knowledge, identify the methods used during IMK transfer, identify the methods which were used by traditional healers to preserve IMK and to investigate the challenges which were associated with acquisition, transfer and preservation of medical knowledge. Using qualitative research method and snowball sampling, primary data were collected from 29 traditional healers and 5 key informants through face-to-face interviews. Findings revealed that traditional healers acquired knowledge of healing through training and ancestral calling. The study also established that the majority of trained healers were females as they were much more willing to be trained than males. Findings on IK transfer revealed that majority of traditional healers transferred IK on healing through demonstration and observation. Findings on knowledge preservation showed that majority of traditional healers were training their family and other interested individuals. Results on challenges during acquisition, transfer and preservation of IK revealed that would-be healers experienced sickness, difficulties in mastering what was demonstrated and observed, segregation from their known communities and panicking when patients showed no signs of recovering after administering the herbs to them. The need for community leaders in Chibombo district to consider educating the local youths during ceremonial gatherings on the need to acquire and preserve indigenous practices was recommended. This was seen as a way through which unwillingness to learn and share would be reduced. Secondly, it was recommended that collaborative efforts between community leaders and traditional healers to document most of the indigenous medicine and the ailments they healed be strengthened. This was seen as a way through which difficulties in mastering and panicking among the would-be healers reduce.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 502-509\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dalitso Mvula <\/strong>\r\nLIUTEBM University<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chrispin Hamooya <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Library and Information Science, School of Education, University of Zambia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agrawal, A. 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(Master Dissertation, University of Zambia, 2013).\r\n[26] Struthers R, Eschiti, V.S., &amp; Patchell, B (2004). Traditional Indigenous healing: Part I. Complementary Therapies in Nursing &amp; Midwifery (2004) 10, 141\u2013149.\r\n[27] Tabuti, J.R.S (2004). The status of wild food plants in Bulamogi County, Uganda. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 55, 485-498.\r\n[28] UNESCO (2017). Saich selected elements. http:\/\/saich.orgldata\/data\/api\/saich [2021, October 7]\r\n[29] Zazu, C. (2007). Exploring Opportunities and Challenges for achieving the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems into Environmental Education processes: A case study of the Sebakwe Environmental Education programme (SEEP) in Zimbabwe (Masters Dissertation, University of Rhodes, 2007).\r\n[30] Zuma, T. et al (2016). The role of traditional practitioners in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: generic or mode specific? BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16:304 DOI 10.1186\/s12906-016-1293-8 [2021, October 5].\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dalitso Mvula, Chrispin Hamooya &#8220;An investigation of the acquisition, transfer and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge by traditional healers in Chibombo District of Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.502-509 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/502-509.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23795a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237972d\" data-id=\"237972d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2379859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237990d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237990d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2379a67\" data-id=\"2379a67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379b8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2379b8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2379c2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2379c2f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2379d89\" data-id=\"2379d89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379e95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2379e95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2379f39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2379f39\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237a08a\" data-id=\"237a08a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237a1a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237a1a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237a244 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237a244\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237a392\" data-id=\"237a392\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237a4cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237a4cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237a56f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237a56f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237a6b5\" data-id=\"237a6b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237a7c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237a7c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237a85f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237a85f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237a9d3\" data-id=\"237a9d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237aafe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237aafe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Entrepreneurship in Librarianship for Poverty Reduction and Unemployment Among Librarians in Colleges of Education in North Central, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samaila, B. M., Said, T. A. &amp; Bakai, R. O. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 510-516<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237ab9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237ab9d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237ad2c\" data-id=\"237ad2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ae5a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237ae5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study was designed to assess entrepreneurship in librarianship for poverty reduction and unemployment among librarians of College of Education in North central geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It is obvious that entrepreneurship reduces unemployment, promotes self-reliance, alleviates poverty and provides the opportunity for individuals to contribute to the economic development of a nation through innovative ideas. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, five research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 levels of significance. A survey method was adapted for the study. Professional librarians, forty-eight (48) of them, selected in the Colleges of Education in the North-central geopolitical zone of Nigeria, represented the population of the study. A structured questionnaire titled entrepreneurship in librarianship for poverty reduction and unemployment (ELPRU) was administered to the respondents in the selected Colleges of Education. Out of the 48 copies of the questionnaire distributed to the respondents, a total of 45 (93.7%) copies were returned and duly completed and found usable for the study. The data collected for the study were presented and analyzed using inferential statistics. T-test was used to test the significant difference between variables in hypothesis 1 and 2, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the significant relationship among the variables in 3, 4 and 5 at 0.05 levels of significance. However, the finding of the study reveals that there is significant difference among librarians in the types of entrepreneurial skills they acquired. In this study, it is recommended that librarians, as well as other information professional, need to diversify their interests and passion for entrepreneurial opportunities within and outside library and information and also work for self-reliance without being depend on white collar jobs and\/ or government. Also, government at all levels and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should provide funds for librarians in any chosen entrepreneurial opportunity available or specialization after graduation from library and information science schools..\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 510-516\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6730\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6730<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samaila, B. M. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege Library, Federal College of Education, P. M. B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Said, T. A. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege Library, Federal College of Education, P. M. B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bakai, R. O. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCollege Library, Federal College of Education, P. M. B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aduku, S. (2003). The Choice of profession and Job Preferences Among Students of the Department of Library and Information Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Library Focus, 21(45-55)\r\n[2] Alhassan, J.A. &amp; Akor, P.U. (2011). Repositioning the Curricula of Nigerian Library Schools for Effective Entrepreneurial Skills Among Graduates. Being Paper Presented at the National Association of Library Educators Held on the 9th -10 November at the Assembly Hall, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 1-2\r\n[3] Agada, J. (1998). Information Technology and the Education of Information Proessionals at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Paper Presented at the 4th Library Education Conference University, University of Ibadan, February 21st-24th\r\n[4] Anyawu, E.U., Onah, V.O. &amp; Oyenike, C.O. (2012). Integration of Entrepreneurship Education in Library and Information Science in Nigeria. A Paper Presented at the 50th Nigeria Library Association National Conference and Annual General Meeting Held on 15th-19 July at the International Conference Centre, Abuja\r\n[5] Ashcroft, L. (2004). Developing Competences, Critical Analysis and Personal Transferable Skills. Library Review, 52(1) 82-88\r\n[6] Baker, T. (1998). Doing Social Research 3rd(ed). London:Mc Graw-Hill, 157\r\n[7] Daramola, S.O. (2006). Research and Statistical Methods in Education for Students and Researchers in Tertiary Institutions. Rev. Ed. Ilorin: Bamitex Printing and Publishing. 29-31\r\n[8] Eba, E.A. &amp; Richard, L. (2007). Issues in Small Business Entrepreneurship for National and Global Empowerment. Proceedings of Annual Conference of IRDI Research and Development Network Held on June 27 at University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 22\r\n[9] Eboh, E. (2009). Social and Economic Research: Principles and Methods. Enugu: African Institute for Applied Economics, 124\r\n[10] Egwu, U.E. (2011). Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship: Principles and Practice. Ebonyi University Press. 1-6\r\n[11] Ekere, J.N. &amp; Ekere, F.C. (2012). Exploring the Potentials of Information Brokering in Nigeria as an Alternative Career to Librarianship. A Paper Presented at the 50th Nigerian Library Association National Conference and AGM Held at Abuja International Conference Centre Between 15th \u2013 19th July\r\n[12] Enaronia, W. (2005). Introduction to Survey Methodology Retrieved from www.idready.org\/courses\/2005\/\u2026\/surveymethods.pdf on August, 2017\r\n[13] Hisrich, R.D. (1997). Towards an Organization Model for Entrepreneurial Education; Proceedings, International Entrepreneurship Conference, Dortmond Germany. 29\r\n[14] Igbeka, J.U. (2008). Entrepreneurship in Library and Information Sciences. Ibadan: Stirling Horden Publishers Ltd. 27-32\r\n[15] Kareem, R.O. (2015). Impact of Entrepreneurship on Poverty Alliviation. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 7(1), 1-16\r\n[16] Kurakto, D.F. (2004). Entrepreneurship Education: Emerging Trends and Challenges for the 21st Century. Retrieved from http:www.usab.org.\/pdfcwp-2004-kuratko.pdf. on the 24th September, 2017\r\n[17] Lawal, O.O. (2009). Current Status of Library and Information Science Programme in Nigeria. Nigerian Libraries, 42, 1-5\r\n[18] Mohammed, Z. (2003). Library and Information Science Education in Nigeria in S.O. Olanlokin ed. Forty Years of Library Science in Nigeria. Lagos: Nigerian Library Association, 69-82\r\n[19] Mohammed, Z. (2005). The Role of Supervisors and the Supervisory Committee in Research Work. Paper Presented at Workshop on Postgraduate Students\u2019 Research Supervision, Organised by the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Publication Manual, 21-22\r\n[20] Mohammed, Z. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Key Paper Presented at the NALISE Biennial Conference Held at the Assembly Hall ABU, Zaria on 8th \u2013 12th November\r\n[21] Nwangwu, I.O. (2008). Higher Education for Self-Reliance: An Imperative for the Nigerian Economy. NEAP Publication\r\n[22] Nnodim, O. (2012). Useful Business Skills for New Entrpreneurs. Accessed on September, 2017 from www.punchng.com\r\n[23] Nworgu, B.G. (1991). Educational Research: Basic Issue and Methodology. Ibadan: Wisdom Publishers ltd, 13-21\r\n[24] Rowley, J. (2008). From Earning Organization to Knowledge Entrepreneur. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(1) 7-15\r\n[25] Shola, E.S. (2011). Entrepreneurship Innovation Phenomenal Growth of Enterprises and Industrial Organizations in Nigeria. Ibadan: Longman, 14\r\n[26] Ugwu, F.N. &amp; Ezeani, C.N. (2012). Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Awareness and Skills Among Library and Information Science Students in Universities in South East Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) Retrieved from http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/libphilprac\/836 on 25thAugust, 2017\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samaila, B. M., Said, T. A. &amp; Bakai, R. O., &#8220;Assessment of Entrepreneurship in Librarianship for Poverty Reduction and Unemployment Among Librarians in Colleges of Education in North Central, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.510-516 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6730<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/510-516.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-entrepreneurship-in-librarianship-for-poverty-reduction-and-unemployment-among-librarians-in-colleges-of-education-in-north-central-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of Entrepreneurship in Librarianship for Poverty Reduction and Unemployment Among Librarians in Colleges of Education in North Central, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237e641 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237e641\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237e72f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237e72f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237e8b9\" data-id=\"237e8b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237e9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237e9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237eaa2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237eaa2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237ec03\" data-id=\"237ec03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ed10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237ed10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237edbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237edbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237ef14\" data-id=\"237ef14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237f023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237f0c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237f0c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237f20c\" data-id=\"237f20c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f31f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237f31f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237f3bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237f3bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237f504\" data-id=\"237f504\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f60f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237f60f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237f6c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237f6c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237f812\" data-id=\"237f812\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f920 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237f920\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237f9bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237f9bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237fb29\" data-id=\"237fb29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237fc30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237fc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Analysis of Expressive Speech Act on Tilik Short Film by Agung Prasetyo<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kasno Atmo Sukarto, Ika Layla Anggraini &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 517-527<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237fcca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237fcca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237fe57\" data-id=\"237fe57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ff97 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237ff97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study analyzes expressive speech acts in the short film Tilik by Wahyu Agung Prasetyo. The purpose of this study is to describe the types and functions of expressive speech contained in the short film Tilik. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis method. The data were obtained by watching, recording, classifying, analyzing and concluding the results. The data analysis, the researcher classified the data based on the type and function of the speech act by applying the expressive speech act theory proposed by John Rogers Searle and the supporting theory &#8220;SPEAKING&#8221; proposed by Dell Hymes to analyze the data. The results of this research is found six types of speech acts, namely expressive speech acts of blaming, insinuating, complaining, praising, apologizing, and thanking. The conclusion of this research is that expressive speech acts are part of illocutionary speech acts which different functions according to the speech have spoken by the speaker.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 517-527\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6732<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kasno Atmo Sukarto <\/strong>\r\nUniversitas Nasional Jakarta Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ika Layla Anggraini<\/strong>\r\nUniversitas Nasional Jakarta Indonesia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abdul &amp; Agustina, L (2010). Sosiolinguistik Perkenalan Awal. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.\r\n[2] Andini, C., Sosrohadi, S., Fairuz, M. Dalyan, &amp; Rahman, F.F., Hasnia. (2022). The Study of Japanese Women in the Facial Treatment Advertisement: A Semiotics Perspective of Pierce\u2019s Theory. ELS (Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities), 5(2), 337-347.\r\n[3] Chaer, A. (2010). Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Chaer,\r\n[4] Defina. (2018). \u201cTindak Tutur Ekspresif pada Anak-Anak saat Bermain Bola di Lapangan\u201d Volume 7, Nomor 1, Halaman. 74. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. (2005). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Edisi III. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.\r\n[5] Gunawan, A. (2007). Pragmatik Teori dan Kajian Nusantara. Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya.\r\n[6] Hasnia., Hamzah A. M., &amp; Sukmawaty. (2021). The Pervasive Use of Politeness Strategy by Native Durinese of Massalle Variant Based on Sociolinguistics Analysis. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 6 (6), 2456-2165.\r\n[7] Jumanto.( 2017). Pragmatik Dunia Linguistik tak Selebar Daun Kelor. Edisi II. Yogyakarta: Morfoligua\r\n[8] Leech, G. (1993). Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Moleong, J.L. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.\r\n[9] Mujiono. (2009). Perbedaan antara Semantik dan Pragmatik serta Liku-likunya. Malang: IKIP Malang.\r\n[10] Nababan, P.W.J. (1987). Ilmu Pragmatik (Teori dan Penerapannya). Jakarta: Pengembangan Lembaga Tenaga Kependidikan.\r\n[11] Nurmalawati &amp; Wajid, A. H. (2017). \u201cPengaruh Penggunaan Media Film Pendek Terhadap Kemampuan Siswa Kelas V MIN Lhokseumawe dalam Menulis Karangan Narasi\u201d Master Bahasa Volume 5, Nomor 2, Halaman. 100. (www.jurnal.unsiyah.ac.id.)\r\n[12] Pranowo. (2009). Berbahasa Secara Santun. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\r\n[13] Prayitno, J.H. (2009). \u201cPerilaku Tindak Tutur Berbahasa Pemimpin dalam Wacana Rapat Dinas: Kajian Pragmatik dengan Pendekatan Jender\u201d. Kajian Linguistik dan Sastra\u201d Volume 21, Nomor 2, Halaman. 132\u2014146. Surakarta.\r\n[14] Rahman, F. (2018). Glossophobia in training of speech. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 1(1), 28-36.\r\n[15] Sain, Y., Lukman, Darwis, M., &amp; Rahman, F. (2020). Language Shift and the Linguistic Maintainance: A Study of Tolaki Language in Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(12), 2020.\r\n[16] Sari, P. &amp; Dina , Din, F. ( 2013). \u201cTindak Tutur dan Fungsi Tuturan Ekspresif dalam Acara Galau Nite di Metro TV: Kajian Pragmatik\u201d Skriptorium Volume 1, Nomor 2, Halaman. 2\u20143.www.journal.unair.ac.id\r\n[17] Sukmawaty, Rahman, F.F., Andini, C. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemic and Axiology of Communication: A Study of Linguistic Phenomena. IJISRT,7(4), 1079-1087.\r\n[18] Tahir, M., Rahman, F., Rahman, A., &amp; Pattu, M. A. (2021). Kajian Verba Resiprokal Dalam Naskah Boegineesche Chrestomathie.\r\n[19] Putrayasa, I.B.(2014). Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.\r\n[20] Rahardi, K.(2003). Berkenalan dengan Ilmu Bahasa Pragmatik. Malang: Dioma.\r\n[21] Rahardi, K.(2005). Pragmatik Kesantunan Imperaktif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga.\r\n[22] Rahardi, K.(2009). Sosiopragmatik.Yogyakarta: PT Gelora Aksara Pratama Rordakarya.\r\n[23] Rusminto, N.E. (2006). Analisis Wacana Bahasa Indonesia.Bandarlampung: Universitas Lampung.\r\n[24] Rustono. (1999). Pokok-Pokok Pragmatik. Semarang: CV IKIP Semarang Press.\r\n[25] Silvia, R.J. dan Purnamasasri, L. (2018). \u201cPengembangan Tindak.Tutur Ilokusi dalam Aktivitas Pembelajaran Dosen Pengampu Pelaksana Akademik Mata Kuliah Universitas (Pamu)\u201d Jurnal Pujangga olume 4, Nomor 2, Halaman. 32. www.journal.unas.ac.id.\r\n[26] Suandi, I. N. (2014). Sosiolinguistik. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.\r\n[27] Sumarno, M. (1996). Dasar-Dasar Apresiasi Film. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo. Tarigan, H. G. (1986). Pengajaran Pragmatik. Bandung: Angkasa.\r\n[28] Weda, S., Atmowardoyo, H., Rahman, F., &amp; Sakti, A. E. F. (2021). Linguistic aspects in intercultural communication (IC) practices at a higher education institution in Indonesia. Eroupean Language Scientific verbJournal, 14, 2-6.\r\n[29] Widada. R.H. dan Prayogi, I. (2010). Kamus Saku Bahasa Indonesia. Yogyakarta: PT Bentang Pustaka.\r\n[30] Wijana &amp; Rohmadi. (2009). Analisis Wacana Pragmatik (Kajian Teori dan Analisis). Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka.\r\n[31] Wijana, I.D.P. (1996). Dasar-Dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.\r\n[32] Yule, G. (2006). Pragmatik. Edisi Terjemahan oleh Indah Fajar Wahyuni. Cetakan I. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kasno Atmo Sukarto, Ika Layla Anggraini &#8220;The Analysis of Expressive Speech Act on Tilik Short Film by Agung Prasetyo&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.517-527 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6732<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/517-527.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-analysis-of-expressive-speech-act-on-tilik-short-film-by-agung-prasetyo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Analysis of Expressive Speech Act on Tilik Short Film by Agung Prasetyo<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23814fc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23814fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23818e4\" data-id=\"23818e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2381b6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2381b6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2381c3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2381c3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2381f0b\" data-id=\"2381f0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382173 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382246 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382246\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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data-id=\"2382655\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23827ab\" data-id=\"23827ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23828c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23828c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238295e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238295e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2382ab2\" data-id=\"2382ab2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382bbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382bbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382c5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382c5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2382daf\" data-id=\"2382daf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382eb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382f53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382f53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23830c2\" data-id=\"23830c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238343f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238343f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Use of Social Media to Spread IED\u2019s and its Potential Terrorism Threat in Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Amelia Widya Octa Kuncoro Putri, Pujo Widodo, Suhirwan. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 528-533<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2383528 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2383528\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23836dc\" data-id=\"23836dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238382a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238382a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe ease of access to social media makes it easier for people to receive information about radicalism, bomb-making and violence. Radicalism is the embryo of terrorism. In Indonesia, most radical acts of terrorism are generally carried out by bombing including suicide bombings. Through social media, radical groups recruit and also study the manufacture of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) bombs. This study aims to examine the misuse of social media in radicalization using IED and formulate efforts to deny it. In this paper the method used is a qualitative method with literature study techniques. Qualitative methods are used to be able to describe the research topic in a more explorative. In this study it will explain about the internet as a base for the spread of terrorism, terrorism and the act of blasting or bombing and the process of making IEDs on the internet channel. The results of this study show that social media is abused by radical groups in carrying out their mission. The purpose of radical groups in the action of radicalism on social media includes propaganda purposes to increase the existence of the group and understand radicalism, recruit members and run training and teach ways of violence including the manufacture of IEDs. In an effort to counteract the impact of the threat of radicalism through social media, several efforts can be made, among others, deradicalization, cyber patrol to block access to social media content that contains elements of radicalism, provide literacy to the public about safe social media and be wiser in receiving radicalism information.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 528-533\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amelia Widya Octa Kuncoro Putri <\/strong><\/span>\r\nIndonesia Defense University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pujo Widodo <\/strong><\/span>\r\nIndonesia Defense University\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Suhirwan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nIndonesia Defense University\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aisy, B. R., Abraham, D. O., K. K. H., Tindage, M. A., 2019. Social Media By The Government In The Face Of Radicalism. J. Huk. Magnum Opus 2, 1.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30996\/jhmo.v2i2.2174\r\n[2] Benur, D. (2016). How to make a simple Matchbox bomb. Facebook.\r\n[3] Cameron, C. (2016). The story of two places-Dabid and Rumiyah . Zenpundit.Com.\r\n[4] Candra, B. D. A. (2017). Media Literacy in the Propaganda of radicalism and terrorism through the internet media. Journal Of Asymmetric Warfare, 3 (1), 17.\r\n[5] Chaos, C. (2020). How To Make R. D. X. (Cyclonite). Youtube.\r\n[6] Cloud, I. (2017). Cyber-extremism: Isis and the power of social media. Society, 54 (2), 138-149.\r\n[7] CNN Indonesia, 2015. Prevent Bombs, The Police Cooperate With The Ministry Of Chemical Store Surveillance. national. URL https:\/\/www.cnnindonesia.com\/nasional\/20151125184439-12-94063\/cegah-bom-kepolisian-gandeng-kementerian-awasi-toko-kimia (accessed 11.17.21).\r\n[8] Coolchemistryguy. (2021). This is a rush idea! KI+ H2O2. Instagram.\r\n[9] Coolchesmitryguy. (2021). Make Hydrogen! Instagram.\r\n[10] Experiment, I. (2021). GASOLINE BOMB EXPERIMENT. How to make a gasoline bomb at home. Making a gasoline bomb is simple. Youtube.\r\n[11] Experimental sector. (2016). Make a bulletproof vest at home. Sekteeksperimental.Blogspot.Com.\r\n[12] Fox, E. F. (2021). how to make a pvc bomb. Facebook.\r\n[13] Heicker Albertus, R. (2014). Cyber Terrorism: Electronic Jihad. Strategy Analysis, 38 (4), 554-565.\r\n[14] Hantoro, J., 2019. Social Media [WWW document]. Tempo. URL https:\/\/nasional.tempo.co\/read\/1204152\/terduga-teroris-bekasi-belajar-bikin-bom-dari-media-sosial (accessed 11.16.21).\r\n[15] Hidayat, M. A., 2018. Social Media and the strengthening of terror [WWW Document]. Media Indonesia. URL https:\/\/mediaindonesia.com\/opini\/161747\/media-sosial-dan-amplifikasi-teror (accessed 11.16.21).\r\n[16] IPAC. (2018). After Ahok: the Islamic agenda in Indonesia (election violence No. 44). Institute for conflict Policy Analysis (IPAC), 28.\r\n[17] Ismail, N. (2016). We are a company engaged in the procurement of goods and services industry.\r\n[18] Klausen, J. (2015). Social media networks of Western foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq. Studies in conflict &amp; terrorism, 38 (1), 1-22.\r\n[19] Lab, O. (2020). You do not need to make a TATP upholstery material. Youtube.\r\n[20] Prasetya, B., 2017. Patterns of social media use in homemade bomb terror actions in Indonesia in 2016 = patterns of social media work during improvised explosive device terror incidents in Indonesia in 2016 [WWW Document]. Univ. Indonesia. Libr. URL http:\/\/lib.ui.ac.id (accessed 11.16.21).\r\n[21] Reuploded, C. L. (2021). Science.Pyrotechnix-Triacetone Triperoxide C9H18O6. Youtube.\r\n[22] Rohmiyati, Y., 2018. Analysis Of Information Dissemination On Social Media. Anuva 2, 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14710\/anuva.2.1.29-42\r\n[23] Carolyn, R. (2020). Analysis of counter narrative Framing of terrorism and radicalism in social media (case study on @dutadamaijabar account). Journal Of Communication, 9(2), 134-153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33508\/jk.v9i2.2698\r\n[24] Selamat, G. (2016). Qibla radicalism why Mujahidin Indonesia Timur (MIT) became the center of the network movement of suspected terrorist groups in Indonesia?\r\n[25] Sulfikar, A. (2019). Self-radicalization through social Media in Indonesia. Journal Journal, 4(1), 76-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24252\/jurnalisa.v4i1.5622\r\n[26] Soldier, G. (2020). How to make RDX, full of from RDX. Youtube.\r\n[27] Syahril, 2020. Majoring of engineering (civil) or equivalent. ed. CV. Zigie Utama, Bengkulu.\r\n[28] Weimann, G. (2014). Terrorism and new media. Joint laboratory of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholarship Washington\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amelia Widya Octa Kuncoro Putri, Pujo Widodo, Suhirwan., &#8220;The Use of Social Media to Spread IED\u2019s and its Potential Terrorism Threat in Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.528-533 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/528-533.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Use of Social Media to Spread IED\u2019s and its Potential Terrorism Threat in Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23846e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23846e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23854d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238562e\" data-id=\"238562e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2385748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23857ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23857ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2385956\" data-id=\"2385956\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385a66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2385a66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2385b10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2385b10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2385c70\" data-id=\"2385c70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385d82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2385d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2385e2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2385e2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2385fac\" data-id=\"2385fac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23860db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23860db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Functional-Notional Approach on Male and Female Students\u2019 Achievement in English Grammar in Enugu Education Zone<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Casmir N. Chime (M. Ed), Dr. Mary N. Onyia &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 534-538<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2386186 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2386186\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238631d\" data-id=\"238631d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2386461 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2386461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the effects of Functional-Notional Approach (FNA) on male and female students\u2019 achievement in English grammar in Enugu Education Zone. The researchers adopted a quasi-experimental research design. This study was carried out in secondary schools in Enugu Education Zone. The population of the study was four thousand and ninety (4,090) senior secondary school II (SS II) students in the 31 public secondary schools in Enugu Education Zone of Enugu State 2019\/2020 academic session. The sample for the study comprised one hundred and thirty three (133) SS11 students in four intact classes which were drawn from four co-educational secondary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the size of the study. The instrument used was English Grammar Achievement Test (EGAT), it is a 50-item dichotomously scored instrument and it was validated. To determine the reliability of the instrument, a trial test was conducted with 30 SS11 students outside the area of the study, using Kuder-Richardson\u2019s Formula (K \u2013 R 20), for EGAT a reliability coefficient of 0.78 was got showing that the instrument was reliable. The research questions were answered using mean scores and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that FNA had significant effect on male and female students\u2019 achievement in English grammar. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the study provided empirical evidence of the efficacy of FNA in enhancing students\u2019 achievement in English grammar. By implication, if teachers of English language adopt FNA and practice it in their various schools, students\u2019 achievement in English grammar may improve. It was, therefore, recommended among others that English language teachers should adopt Functional-Notional Approach (FNA) as an alternative to the Conventional Teaching Method (CTM) in teaching English grammar.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 534-538\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Casmir N. Chime (M. Ed) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Language Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Enugu State College of Education (Technical) Enugu, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mary N. Onyia <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum Studies, School of Education, Enugu State College of Education (Technical) Enugu, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Akanwa, U.N. and Obinna, E.M. (2014), Effect of teaching method on academic achievement of slow learners. International Journal of Educational Research, 13(1), 402-410.\r\n[2] Ames, C. and Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students\u2019 learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of Educational psychology, 80(3), 260-267.\r\n[3] Babalola, J.O. and Oyinloye, G.O. (2012), Language and gender distinction, International Journal of Review of Social Science and Humanities, 2(2), 236-242.\r\n[4] Dabaghi, A. and Goharimehr, N. (2011). The relationship between learning styles of field dependence\/independence &amp; integrative\/discrete point methods of grammar teaching. World Journal of English Language, 1 (2), 80 \u2013 89. Retrieved on 4th November, 2012 from www.sciedu.ca\/journal\/index.php\/wjel\/article\/download\/450\/218.\r\n[5] Dweck, C.S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 47(10),\r\n[6] Egbe, C.I. (2011), Combined effects of mnemonics and gender on students\u2019 achievement in English stress patterns (Master\u2019s thesis). University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[7] Emeka-Nwobia, E. (2015). The place of indigenous Nigerian languages in national development. Journal of Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(17), 112-116.\r\n[8] Federal Government of Nigeria (2014). National Policy on Education. Lagos, Nigeria: NERDC.\r\n[9] Gambari, A.I., Gbodi, B.E. and Olumba, R.N. (2012). Effects of audio and video compact disc instructional packages on students\u2019 performance in senior secondary schools phonetic in Minna. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.slideshare.net.Gambari\r\n[10] Igbokwe, U. L. (2007). Effects of the cognitive academic language learning approach (CALLA) on students\u2019 achievement in essay writing. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[11] Joint Admissions and Matriculations Board (2017). JAMB brochure. Abuja, Nigeria: Author. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jamb.gov.ng\r\n[12] Maehr, M.L. and Anderman, E.M. (1993). Reinventing schools for early adolescents: Emphasising task goals. The Elementary School Journal, 93, 593-610.\r\n[13] Nichollas, J.G. (1984). Achievement and motivation: Conception of ability, subjective experience task choice and performance. Journal of Psychological Review, 91 (3), 328-346\r\n[14] Nigeria Educational Research Development Council (2007). Senior Secondary Education Curriculum, English Language SSI-3. Abuja, Nigeria: NERDC.\r\n[15] Nordquist, R. (2018). Definitions, examples and discussions of English grammar. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/what-is-grammar-1690909\r\n[16] Oluikpe, E.N. (2004). Effects of English for academic purposes on the achievement of University of Nigeria education students in expository writing\u201d. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Sub-Department of Arts Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[17] Oluikpe, E.N. (2004). Effects of English for academic purposes on the achievement of University of Nigeria education students in expository writing\u201d. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Sub-Department of Arts Education, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[18] Ozoemene, F.U. (2015). Effect of the functional approach on secondary students\u2019 achievement in English grammar in Owerri North, Imo State, Nigeria (Ph.D dissertation), University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[19] Umo, U. C. (2004). Combined effects of games strategy and location as factors of academic achievement in Igbo grammar. International Journal of Arts and Technology Education, 3, 8 \u2013 16.\r\n[20] West African Examination Council (WAEC) (2018). The Chief Examiners\u2019 Report: Yaba.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Casmir N. Chime (M. Ed), Dr. Mary N. Onyia &#8220;Effects of Functional-Notional Approach on Male and Female Students\u2019 Achievement in English Grammar in Enugu Education Zone&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.534-538 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/534-538.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/534-538.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-functional-notional-approach-on-male-and-female-students-achievement-in-english-grammar-in-enugu-education-zone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of Functional-Notional Approach on Male and Female Students\u2019 Achievement in English Grammar in Enugu Education Zone<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2387e2b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2387e2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2387f99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2387f99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388147\" data-id=\"2388147\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-23887e5\" data-id=\"23887e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23888fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23888fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23889a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23889a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388af2\" data-id=\"2388af2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388c0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2388c0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2388cb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2388cb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388e01\" data-id=\"2388e01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388f18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2388f18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2388fbc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2388fbc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2389109\" data-id=\"2389109\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238921c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238921c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23892ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23892ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2389434\" data-id=\"2389434\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2389544 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2389544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Desecration of Mwela Rock Art Site in Kasama District of Zambia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kenny Changwe, Tomaida C Milingo and Inonge Milupi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 539-548<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23895e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23895e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2389774\" data-id=\"2389774\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23898b4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23898b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper examines desecration at Mwela rock art site in Kasama District of Zambia. The study was aggravated by extraordinary levels of desecration at Mwela rock art site. To have an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach particularly, case study and narrative designs. Data were collected through observations, semi structured interviews and focus group discussion from a sample of sixteen (16) respondents out of which five (5) were subjects of the Bemba Royal Establishment (BRE) that included four (4) Village Headmen and 1 Village Headwoman, 3 focus group discussions representing three responses from National Heritage Conservation Commission (NHCC) members, four (4) elderly men and four (4) elderly women respectively. Purposive sampling distinctively typical case study was used to purposively select 4 BRE subjects, 3 FGDs with NHCC members and the 5 elders. The respondents were purposively selected because they were deemed reliable for the study as they possessed relevant knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon under study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that Mwela rock art site has experienced desecration due to a number of factors that include the construction of the railway line, coming of NHCC at the site, demographic changes, coming of Christianity and social economic hardships. In order to minimize desecration of cultural sites, the research recommends for the incorporation of the traditional authorities and their indigenous belief system into formal cultural heritage management as propounded in cosmopolitanism type of analytical framework in heritage preservation. This study contributes towards the enhancement of cultural heritage preservation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 539-548\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kenny Changwe <\/strong>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education. P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tomaida C Milingo <\/strong>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education. P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Inonge Milupi <\/strong>\r\nThe University of Zambia, School of Education, Department of Language and Social Sciences Education. P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Aniah, P., Aasoglenang, T, A. &amp; Bonye, Z.S. (2014). Behind the Myth: Indigenous Knowledge and Belief Systems in Natural Resource Conservation in North East Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy. 2, (3) 104-112.\r\n[2] Appiah, K. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York\/London: W.W. Norton &amp; Company.\r\n[3] Appiah-Opoku, S. (2007). \u2018Indigenous beliefs and environmental stewardship: A Rural Ghana Experience\u2019. Journal of Cultural Geography, 24, (22) 79-88.\r\n[4] Bharucha, E. (1999). \u2018Cultural and spiritual values related to the conservation of biodiversity in the sacred groves of the Western Ghats\u2019. In UNEP (1999). Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity. London: Intermediate Technology Publication and UNEP.\r\n[5] Bureau, R. (1971). The Contribution of the Sacred in Traditional African Societies to Environmental Ethics. In Journal of Cultural Anthropology 2013, 1: 3-8.\r\n[6] Burra Charter (1999). The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance. Sidney: ICOMOS.\r\n[7] Bryman, A. (2004). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[8] Brymam, A. (2008). Social Research Methods (3rd Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[9] Bwasiri, E. J. (2011). The challenge of managing intangible heritage: Problems in Tanzanian legislation and administration. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 66 (194)129-135.\r\n[10] Byers, A.B., Cunliffe, R.N &amp; Hudak, A. T. (2001). Linking the Conservation of Culture and Nature: A Case Study of Sacred Forests in Zimbabwe. Human Ecology: 29, (2) 187-218.\r\n[11] Carey, F. (1986). \u2018Conscientization and In-Service Education of Zambian Primary School Teachers.\u2019Unpublished ph.D.Thesis, University of London.\r\n[12] Changwe. K. Milingo, T, &amp; Zulu. E, H. (2021). Zambia Journal of Religion and Contemporary Issues (ZJRCI). Volume 2 (1)16-32.\r\n[13] Cordell, J. (1998). \u2018Managing Culture Sites and Marine Protected Areas in Western Melanesia\u2019. In UNESCO (1998): \u2018Natural\u2019 Sacred Sites, Cultural Diversity and Biological Diversity. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Paris, 22-25 September 1998.\r\n[14] Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th Edition). 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Community Participation in Conserving of Gazzeted Cultural Heritage Sites: A case study of the Agikuyu Shrine at Makurwe wa Nyagathanga. Nairobi: UCL.\r\n[31] Ramsar (2001). \u2018Wetlands and Spiritual Life\u2019. In Ramsar briefing pack (2001): The Cultural Heritage of Wetlands. Ramsar: Gland.\r\n[32] Rao P, Barik SK, Pandey H N and Tripathi R,S (1997). Tree seedling germination, establishment in tree fall gaps and understory in subtropical forests of northeast India. Australian Journal of Ecology 22 136-145.\r\n[33] Sjostrom, B. &amp; Dahlgren, L. O. (2002). \u2018Applying Phenomenography in Nursing Research\u2019. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 4 (1), 339-345.\r\n[34] Smith, B.W. (1997). Zambia\u2019s Ancient Rock Art: The Painting of Kasama. Livingstone: National Heritage Conservation.\r\n[35] Smith, L. (2004). Archaeological Theory and the Politics of Cultural Heritage. London\/New York: Routledge.\r\n[36] Smith, L. (2009). Uses of Heritage. London: Routledge.\r\n[37] Werner,D. (1971). \u2018Some Developments in Bemba Religious History\u2019 in Journal of religion in Africa 4(1),.1-24.\r\n[38] WWF-India (2001). \u2018Sacred Gifts for a Living Planet\u2019. WWF-India Newsletter, January 2001.\r\n[39] WWF (1986). The Assisi Declaration. Messages on Man &amp; Nature from Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. Basilica di S. Francesco, Assisi, Italy. WWF 25th Anniversary 29th September 1986. WWF International, Gland, Switzerland.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kenny Changwe, Tomaida C Milingo and Inonge Milupi &#8220;Desecration of Mwela Rock Art Site in Kasama District of Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.539-548 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/539-548.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/desecration-of-mwela-rock-art-site-in-kasama-district-of-zambia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Desecration of Mwela Rock Art Site in Kasama District of Zambia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238b911 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238b911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238c3cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238c51c\" data-id=\"238c51c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238c63f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238c63f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238c6dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238c6dd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238c826\" data-id=\"238c826\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238c92c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238c92c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238c9cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238c9cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238cb11\" data-id=\"238cb11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238cc19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238cc19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238ccb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238ccb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238ce1d\" data-id=\"238ce1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238cf27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238cf27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Level of competencies of students in the primary methods of social work practice<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Jocelyn T. Gaas &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 549-561<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238cfc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238cfc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238d152\" data-id=\"238d152\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d982 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238d982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study aimed to determine the level of competencies of students in the primary methods of social work as taught in the classroom and in actual practice. This research is a descriptive-evaluative study using a quantitative approach, employing survey questionnaires, to gather data and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The respondents of this study were the 9 agency supervisors and 11 faculty supervisors supervising the 285 social work students placed in social welfare agencies for SY 2017-2018. Findings revealed that students\u2019 level of competency in the social work helping process using the primary methods of casework, group work, and community organization is in the apprentice level. These findings purport that social work students demonstrate adequate competence, knowledge, skills, good attitudes, and working habits and can work with less supervision while placed in social welfare agencies.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 549-561\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jocelyn T. Gaas<\/strong><\/span>\r\nWestern Mindanao State University, Zamboanga City 7000, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alschuster, M.T, &amp; MacArdale, L. (2015). Strengths-based group supervision with social work students. Group work, 25 (1). 34-57.\r\n[2] Blomeke, S., Gustafsson, J.E, &amp; Shavelson, R.J. (2015). Beyond Dichotomies: Competence viewed as a continuum. Zeitschrift fur psychologie, 223, 3-13.\r\n[3] Boahin, P., &amp; Hofman, W.H. A. (2012). 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The developmental model of supervision as reflected in the experiences of Field Supervisors and graduate students. Journal of Teaching in Social Work. 31 (3), 250-264.\r\n[27] Gibelman, M., &amp; Schervish, P.H. (1997). Supervision in Social Work: Characteristics and Trends in a changing environment. The clinical supervision, 16 (2), 1-15.\r\n[28] Harris, P. (1977). Staff Supervision in Community Work. In Catherine Briscoe and David N. Thomas, (eds.) Community Work: Learning and Supervision. London: Allen and Unwin. 33-42.\r\n[29] Holloway, E. et.al. (1989). Relation of Power and Involvement to theoretical orientation in supervision: \u201cAn analysis of discourse. Journal of Counseling Psychology 36 (1): 88-102.\r\n[30] Kadushin, A. &amp; Harkness, D. (2002). Supervision in Social Work. New York and Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press Publishers.\r\n[31] Kadushin, A., Harkness, D. 2014. Supervision in Social Work (5th ed.) 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Manila: Kapatiran-Kaunlaran Foundation, Inc.\r\n[37] Manual on Field Instruction, Social Work Department, Social Sciences and Education Division, Ateneo de Davao University.\r\n[38] Maxwell, T.W. (2012). Assessment in higher education in the professions: Action research as an authentic assessment task. Teaching in Higher Education, 17, 686-696. Doi: 10.1080\/13562517.2012.725220.\r\n[39] Mcknight, S.E. (2013). Mental health learning needs assessment: competency-Based instrument for best practice. Issues in mental health nursing, 34, 459- 471. doi: 10.3\/09\/01612840.2012.758205.\r\n[40] Mendoza, T.L. (3rd ed.) (2008). Social Welfare and Social Work. Quezon City: Central Book Supply, Inc.\r\n[41] Mendoza, T.L. (2003). Social Work with Groups. Quezon City: Megabooks Company.\r\n[42] Miclat, A. N. (1995). The Fundamentals of Social group Work, Theories, and Practice Philippine Copyright 1995. Mary Jo Educational Supply, Publisher Sampaloc Manila.\r\n[43] Moorhouse, L., Hay, K., O\u2019Donoghue, K. (2014). Listening to students Experiences of Supervision. New Zealand Social Work Issue. 26(4).\r\n[44] Munson, C. E., DSW (2nd ed.) (1993). Clinical Social Work Supervision. New York, London, Australia: The Haworth Press.\r\n[45] Murray G. Ross. (1955). Community Organization Theory and Principles. NewYork: Harper\r\n[46] National Social Work Competency Framework. (2015). Ministry of Social and Family Development and National council of Social Service. http:\/\/www.socialserviceinstitute.sq\/.\r\n[47] Noble, C., &amp; Henrickson, M. (2011). Social Work Field Education and Supervision Across Asia Pacific. Sydney, Australia: Sydney University Press.\r\n[48] Poulin, J., &amp; Matis S. (2015). Perspectives Social Work Competencies and Multidimensional Assessment. Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work. (20).\r\n[49] Perspectives on Social Work Competencies and Multidimensional Assessment. (2015). Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work. (20).\r\n[50] Pettes, D. E. (1979). Staff and student supervision \u2013 A task centered Approach. London: Allen and Unwin.\r\n[51] Pierce, D. (2008). Field education in the 2008 EPAS: Implications for the field director \u2019s role. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cswe.org\/File.aspx?id=31580\r\n[52] Republic Act 4373, s. 1965. An act to regulate the Practice of Social Work And The operation of Social Welfare Agencies in the Philippines and for other purposes.\r\n[53] Rissi, J.J., &amp; Gelmon S.B. (2014). Development, implementation and assessment of a competency model for a graduate public affairs program in health administration. Journal of Public Affairs Education. 20, 335-352.\r\n[54] Schuwirth, L., &amp; Ash, J. (2013). Assessing tomorrow\u2019s learners: In Competency-Based education only a radically different holistic method of assessment will Work. Six things we could forget. Medical Teacher, 35, 555-559, doi: 10.3109\/0142159x.2013.787140.\r\n[55] Theeb, R-S., Muhaidat, M.A., &amp; Al-Zboom, E.K. (2014). Professional competencies among pre-service teachers in special education from their perspectives. Education, 135 (1), 133-143.\r\n[56] Thomas, D. N., &amp; William, W. (1978). Staff Development in Community Workers in Social Service Department. In C. Briscoe and D. Thomas, (eds.), Community Work: Learning Supervision, 22-32. London: Allen and Unwin.\r\n[57] Viloria, E.C. (1971). Social Casework. Philippine Encyclopedia of social Work. (Vol 1, 2000 Ed.). Megabooks Company, National association of Social Work Education, Inc. (NASWEI).\r\n[58] Vinter, R.D. (1974). The essential components of Social Group Work Practice, Individual Change Through Small Groups. Eds. Paul Glasser, Rosemary Sarri, and Robert D. Vinter. New York: The Free Press.\r\n[59] Watson, D, &amp; West, J. (2006). Social Work Process and Practice: Approaches, knowledge, and skills. New York, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Houndmills.\r\n[60] Wayne, J., Bogo, M., &amp; Raskin M. (2010). Field Education as the signature Pedagogy of Social Work Education. Journal of Social Work Education. 46 (3), 327-339.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jocelyn T. Gaas , &#8220;Level of competencies of students in the primary methods of social work practice&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.549-561 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/549-561.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238ef15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238ef15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238efbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238efbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238f118\" data-id=\"238f118\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238f9f8\" data-id=\"238f9f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238fb06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238fb06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238fb9f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238fb9f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238fd24\" data-id=\"238fd24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238fe39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238fe39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Role of the International Criminal Court in Liberia\u2019s Peace and Stability<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Prof. Thomas Kaydor, Jr. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 562-575<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238fee0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238fee0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2390098\" data-id=\"2390098\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23901f0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23901f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This essay addresses the role of the International Criminal Court in Liberia\u2019s peace and stability. This essay argues that corruption is the main cause of the Liberian Civil War and remains the present and future security risk to Liberia. It further argues that the intervention of the ICC was timely and helped to remove former President Charles Taylor from power on 11 August 2003 thereby ending the fourteen years civil conflict in the country; however, that Mr. Taylor got prosecuted and convicted for war crimes committed only in Sierra Leone rather than those in Liberia leaves the peace and stability of Liberia fragile. The essay reviews the history of corruption in Liberia, causes and effects of weak anti-corruption system, it discusses the challenges militating against the speedy and successful prosecution of corruption cases in Liberia. This research is important because the researcher argues that corruption was the cause of the Liberian Civil Crises. Hence, the Liberian Anti-Corruption Commission (LACC) was established to curb the endemic corruption in both the Liberian public and private sectors. However, this anti-graft agency has not done much to curb the menace. In view of this, the international community, including the Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS), United Nations and the ICC intervened in the Liberia Civil Crisis to help the country transition towards peace and stability. Nevertheless, corruption in Liberia persists and hampers sustainable socio-political progress and retards economic growth and development. Therefore, it constitutes the outstanding main current and future security risk to Liberia. Therefore, corruption is Liberia\u2019s binding constraint to national development, which if not addressed could remain a wicked problem for the state and its future generations. This could hold back the country from attaining sustainable economic growth and development.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 562-575\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Thomas Kaydor, Jr. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Government and European Studies, New University, Slovenia<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. 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Liberia: 1989-1997 Civil War, Post-War developments, and U.S. relations, Congress Research Service (CRS) Report, updated 31 December 2003, Nicolas Cook, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Library of Congress, USA, viewed 1 October 2014, http:\/\/digital.library.unt.edu\/ark:\/67531\/metacrs8431\/m1\/1\/high_res_d\/RL30933_2003Dec31.pdf.\r\n[73]. United States of America Embassy in Liberia Alert (2020). viewed 31 December 2020, https:\/\/lr.usembassy.gov\/alert-u-s-embassy-monrovia-liberia-december-21-2020\/.\r\n[74]. UNSRG Report (1993). Report of the Secretary-General on the Question of Liberia, UN Doc. S\/25402, 12 March 1993.\r\n[75]. UNSRG (1993). Report of the Secretary-General on the question of Liberia, UN Doc. S\/25402, 12 March 1993, para 16. See also ECOWAS Committee of Five, Final Communiqu\u00e9 of the Third Meeting on the Liberian Crisis, Yamoussoukro, 30 October 1991, Document 147, Weller, M., Regional Peace-keeping and International Enforcement.\r\n[76]. 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(2013). \u2018MACC: Malaysia now better than Hong Kong in graft fight,\u2019 Malaymail (Online edition), 6 November, viewed 20 September 2014, www.themalaymailonline.com\/malaysia\/article\/macc-malaysia-now-better-than-hong-kong-in-graft-fight.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Thomas Kaydor, Jr. &#8220;The Role of the International Criminal Court in Liberia\u2019s Peace and Stability&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.562-575 July 2022 URL: 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23926e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23926e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2392833\" data-id=\"2392833\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2392939 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2392939\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23929d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23929d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2392b23\" data-id=\"2392b23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2392c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2392c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2392fb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2392fb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23930f6\" data-id=\"23930f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2393207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23932a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23932a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239340a\" data-id=\"239340a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2393514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Far-stretching Strategy of Myanmar Junta to Forcefully Displace the Rohingya: Bangladesh, Regional and International Responses<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Md. Abdul Qader, Mohammad. Mustafizul Rahman Rasel PSC, Major, Mir Rumi Mustafizur Rahman &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 576-581<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23935b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23935b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2393737\" data-id=\"2393737\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393874 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2393874\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The world continues to see large refugee flows, and the challenges comprising these population migrations are anticipated to become increasingly complicated as a result of rising social, economic, ethnic and especially religious conflicts. In the south-east Asia, this problem has become acute with Rohingya refugees. Northern Rakhine State in Myanmar is predominantly Buddhist and authoritarian despite a majority Arakan Muslim population and a minority Rakhine Buddhist population. Exclusionary citizenship laws and military actions against Arakanese Muslims, often known as Rohingyas, have forced them to depart Myanmar and seek refuge in Bangladesh. This circumstance pictured the inhuman role of the material world to the persecuted Rohingya refugees. The manuscript aimed at delineating Myanmar\u2019s long-term oppressive and illegal strategy of dislocating Rohingya, and the attitude of the host-state Bangladesh, the regional and global superpowers, and instruments in this respect. The short article is designed in accordance with the qualitative method where information has been collected from different sources predominantly from scholarly articles. The manuscript has also suggested that the buzzword &#8221;Rohingya issue&#8221; can be solved only if the Sino-Indian mutual understanding takes liberal steps with neutral support towards Bangladesh and Myanmar including asylum-seeker Rohingya refugees<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 576-581\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Abdul Qader <\/strong>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Tarash College, National University, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad. Mustafizul Rahman Rasel PSC, Major <\/strong>\r\nBangladesh Army, M.Phil. Researcher, Bangladesh University of Professionals<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mir Rumi Mustafizur Rahman <\/strong>\r\nLecturer in English, Applied College, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agency, N. (2017). Bangladesh FM: Violence against Rohingya \u2018is genocide\u2019. Dhaka: Al Jazeera News Agency. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2017\/9\/11\/bangladesh-fm-violence-against-rohingya-is-genocide\r\n[2] Al-Jazeera. (2018). Profoundly dismayed\u2019: Amnesty strips Suu Kyi of top honour. Al Jazeera News Agency. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2018\/11\/12\/profoundly-dismayed-amnesty-strips-suu-kyi-of-top-honour\/\r\n[3] Amnesty. (2017). Remaking Rakhine State. London WC1X 0DW, UK: Amnesty International. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/files\/case-related\/178\/178-20200123-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf\r\n[4] Ashraf. (2021, 7 8). Humanitarianism, National Security, and the the Rohingya Refugee Policy of Bangladesh. Strategic Analysis, 1-24. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09700161.2021.1918953\r\n[5] Ashraf, A. A. (2021). Humanitarianism, National Security, and the Rohingya Refugee. Strategic Analysis, 01-23. doi:10.1080\/09700161.2021.1918953\r\n[6] David Brunnstrom, L. W. (2019). U.S. imposes sanctions on Myanmar military leaders over Rohingya abuses. WASHINGTON: Reuters. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-myanmar\/u-s-imposes-sanctions-on-myanmar-military-commander-over-rohingya-abuses-idUSKCN1UB2QM\r\n[7] Editorial. ( J 2015 , June 13th). The most persecuted people on Earth? The Econmist, p. 1. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.economist.com\/asia\/2015\/06\/13\/the-most-persecuted-people-on-earth\r\n[8] Editorial. (2016, 11 25). Retrieved from Independent: https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/rohingya-muslims-burma-myanmar-aung-san-suu-kyi-legitimising-genocide-a7439151.html\r\n[9] Eleanor Albert, L. M. (2020). The Rohingya Crisis. Foreign Affairs Newsletter. Retrieved 11 2021, 5, from https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/rohingya-crisis\r\n[10] Guterres, U. s. (2017). UN chief urges Myanmar to end military operations in Rohingya crisis. The Guardian. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/sep\/28\/un-chief-calls-for-end-to-myanmar-military-operations-in-rohingya-crisis\r\n[11] Holland, H. (2014, 4 14). In Pictures: Myanmar\u2019s census bars Rohingya, Muslim Rohingya are excluded from political representation as a result of not being counted. Aljazeera. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/gallery\/2014\/4\/14\/in-pictures-myanmars-census-bars-rohingya\/\r\n[12] Hossain, I. (2020). After Humanitarianism: Bangladesh&#8217;s Evolving Rohingya Policy. GIGA Focus Asien, 6). Retrieved from https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-70322-4\r\n[13] Ibrahim, A. (2019, 8 1). Myanmar Wants to Track Rohingya, Not Help Them. Foreign Policy, p. 1. Retrieved from https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2019\/08\/01\/myanmar-wants-to-track-rohingya-not-help-them\/\r\n[14] ICG. (22 October 2014). Myanmar: The Politics of Rakhine State . Yangon\/Brussels: International Crisis Group. Retrieved 07 10, 2022, from https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/asia\/south-east-asia\/myanmar\/myanmar-politics-rakhine-state\r\n[15] Kipgen, N. (2014). Addressing the Rohingya Problem. (234\u2013247, Ed.) Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49(2). doi:DOI: 10.1177\/0021909613505269\r\n[16] Kurlantzick, J. (2019). Rohingya Refugees Risk Going Back to Another Genocide in Myanmar. World Politics Review. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.worldpoliticsreview.com\/articles\/28219\/rohingya-refugees-risk-going-back-to-another-genocide-in-myanmar\r\n[17] Leider, J. (2018, may 24). Rohingya: The History of a Muslim Identity in Myanmar. Asian History. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277727.013.115\r\n[18] Liaison, F. (2019). What Happens if Rohingya Stay in Bangladesh Forever? Pinter Politik. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pinterpolitik.com\/what-happens-if-rohingya-stay-in-bangladesh-forever\/\r\n[19] McPherson, P. (2015, 11 3). No vote, no candidates: Myanmar&#8217;s Muslims barred from their own election. The Guardian. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/nov\/03\/no-vote-no-candidates-myanmars-muslims-barred-from-their-own-election\r\n[20] Mohammad Mehedy Hassan, Katherine Walker, . (2018). Rohingya Refugee Crisis and Forest Cover Change in Teknaf, Bangladesh. Remote Sensing. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10050689\r\n[21] Muslimin, A. S. (2017). ASEAN&#8217;s Rohingya Response &#8212; Barely A Peep Outside Of Malaysia. Forbes. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/anismuslimin\/2017\/12\/17\/aseans-rohingya-response-barely-a-peep-outside-of-malaysia\/?sh=4dd201cc39de\r\n[22] Reuters, K. (2018). Killing of Rohingyas: Death toll could be up to 25,000. Dhaka: The Daily Star. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/news\/frontpage\/killing-rohingyas-death-toll-could-be-over-10000-1622392\r\n[23] Robayt Khondoker, T. H. (2020, December). CHINA AND INDIA\u2019S RESPONSE TO THE ROHINGYA REFUGEE CRISIS: A STRUCTURAL EXPLANATION. Journal of International Affairs, 22 (1 &amp; 2,), 42.\r\n[24] Swanson, D. (2021, May 3). Activists call for review of Myanmar\u2019s citizenship law. The New Humanitarian. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/feature\/2013\/05\/03\/activists-call-review-myanmar-s-citizenship-law\r\n[25] Thevathasan, V. ( 2014, October 25). Interview: The Stateless Rohingya: he growing persecution of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar. The Diplomat. Retrieved from https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2014\/10\/interview-the-stateless-rohingya\/\r\n[26] Vaughn, B. (2010). Bangladesh: Political and Strategic Developments and U.S. Interests. CRS Report for Congress . Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from www.crs.gov\r\n[27] Vrieze, P. (2015, 2 13). Revoking White Card Holder Voting Rights \u2018Counter Reconciliation\u2019: US Official. The Irrawaddy. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.irrawaddy.com\/news\/burma\/revoking-white-card-holder-voting-rights-counter-reconciliation-us-official.html\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Abdul Qader, Mohammad. Mustafizul Rahman Rasel PSC, Major, Mir Rumi Mustafizur Rahman &#8220;Far-stretching Strategy of Myanmar Junta to Forcefully Displace the Rohingya: Bangladesh, Regional and International Responses&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.576-581 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6733<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/576-581.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/far-stretching-strategy-of-myanmar-junta-to-forcefully-displace-the-rohingya-bangladesh-regional-and-international-responses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Far-stretching Strategy of Myanmar Junta to Forcefully Displace the Rohingya: Bangladesh, Regional and International Responses<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23947ba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23947ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2394888 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2394888\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2394a13\" data-id=\"2394a13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2394e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2394e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2394efc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2394efc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2395042\" data-id=\"2395042\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239515d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239515d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23951fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23951fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2395350\" data-id=\"2395350\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2395451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2395451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23954f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23954f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2395648\" data-id=\"2395648\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239574f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239574f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23957e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23957e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2395930\" data-id=\"2395930\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2395a3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2395a3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2395ad8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2395ad8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2395c30\" data-id=\"2395c30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2395f84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2395f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance of Food Distribution Institutions in Realizing Price Stability and Access to Rice Food at The Household Level of Farming Group in Bantaeng Regency<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hasbullah, Hasanuddin, Muh. Riswandi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 582-587<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239604b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239604b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2396200\" data-id=\"2396200\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239633a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"239633a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study aims to determine the performance of inputs, outputs, benefits, and impacts of Strengthening Community Food Distribution Institutions at the Food Security Agency in Supporting Grain Price Stability and Rice Food Access at the Household Level of Farmer Groups Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research. Informants in this study were the Head of Agency, Head of Division, Head of Regency Development Team, Field Extension Officer, and Head of Farmer Group. Based on these needs, organizational or program objectives are drawn up. The organization or program provides inputs (staff, buildings, sources of funds), arranges activities (activities) to process these inputs in a specific process to become outputs, turn them into benefits, and take the form of impact performance. The results showed that from the aspect of input performance, namely the availability of business capital and building capital for warehouses, the team of coaches and extension workers. Aspects of Output Performance, the form of business capital is greater than the initial capital, the price of grain increases, and the volume of grain purchases increases. Benefit Performance Aspect, namely the greater use of the Social Assistance Fund, as seen from the gains achieved, the price of grain during the harvest season is under control because it follows the government benchmark price (HPP).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 582-587\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6734<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hasbullah<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hasanuddin<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muh. Riswandi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tadulako University, Indonesia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Arifin B, Achsani NA, Martianto D, Sari LK, Firdaus AH (2019) The Future of Indonesian Food Consumption. JEI 8(1):71\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52813\/jei.v8i1.13\r\n[2] Basch JM, Melchers KG, Kurz A, Krieger M, Miller L (2021) It Takes More Than a Good Camera: Which Factors Contribute to Differences Between Face-to-Face Interviews and Videoconference Interviews Regarding Performance Ratings and Interviewee Perceptions? J Bus Psychol 36(5):921\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10869-020-09714-3\r\n[3] Eckerstorfer MF, Grabowski M, Lener M, Engelhard M, Simon S, Dolezel M, Heissenberger A, L\u00fcthi C (2021) Biosafety of Genome Editing Applications in Plant Breeding: Considerations for a Focused Case-Specific Risk Assessment in the EU. BioTech 10(3):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biotech10030010\r\n[4] Fatimah H, Syahrani S (2022) Leadership Strategies In Overcoming Educational Problems. INJOE 3(2):282\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54443\/injoe.v3i2.34\r\n[5] Lee C (2021) Factors influencing the credibility of performance measurement in nonprofits. International Review of Public Administration 26(2):156\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/12294659.2021.1884342\r\n[6] Li F, Shirahama K, Nisar M, K\u00f6ping L, Grzegorzek M (2018) Comparison of Feature Learning Methods for Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors. Sensors 18(3):679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18020679\r\n[7] Mayer C (2021) The Future of the Corporation and the Economics of Purpose. J Manage Stud 58(3):887\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joms.12660\r\n[8] Mizrahi S, Vigoda\u2010Gadot E, Cohen N (2021) How Well Do They Manage a Crisis? The Government\u2019s Effectiveness During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic. Public Admin Rev 81(6):1120\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/puar.13370\r\n[9] Nguyen CV, Giang LT, Tran AN, Do HT (2021) Do Good Governance and Public Administration Improve Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction? The Case of Vietnam. International Public Management Journal 24(1):131\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10967494.2019.1592793\r\n[10] Reed G, Brunet ND, Longboat S, Natcher DC (2021) Indigenous guardians as an emerging approach to indigenous environmental governance. Conservation Biology 35(1):179\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cobi.13532\r\n[11] Rietra R, Heinen M, Oenema O (2022) A Review of Crop Husbandry and Soil Management Practices Using Meta-Analysis Studies: Towards Soil-Improving Cropping Systems. Land 11(2):255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land11020255\r\n[12] Rinc\u00f3n-Moreno J, Ormaz\u00e1bal M, \u00c1lvarez MJ, Jaca C (2021) Advancing circular economy performance indicators and their application in Spanish companies. Journal of Cleaner Production 279:123605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123605\r\n[13] Steiss AW (ed) (2019) Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, 0 edn. Routledge\r\n[14] Wicaksono A, Kang D (2019) Nationwide simulation of water, energy, and food nexus: Case study in South Korea and Indonesia. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 22:70\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jher.2018.10.003\r\n[15] Yu HJ, Ehlers JP, Sevgi DD, Hach J, O\u2019Connell M, Reese JL, Srivastava SK, Wykoff CC (2021) Real-Time Photographic- and Fluorescein Angiographic-Guided Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: Randomized PRIME Trial Outcomes. American Journal of Ophthalmology 226:126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.01.024\r\n[16] Zhong K, Wang Y, Pei J, Tang S, Han Z (2021) Super efficiency SBM-DEA and neural network for performance evaluation. Information Processing &amp; Management 58(6):102728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102728\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hasbullah, Hasanuddin, Muh. Riswandi , &#8220;Performance of Food Distribution Institutions in Realizing Price Stability and Access to Rice Food at The Household Level of Farming Group in Bantaeng Regency&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.582-587 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6734<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/582-587.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-of-food-distribution-institutions-in-realizing-price-stability-and-access-to-rice-food-at-the-household-level-of-farming-group-in-bantaeng-regency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Performance of Food Distribution Institutions in Realizing Price Stability and Access to Rice Food at The Household Level of Farming Group in Bantaeng Regency<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239714b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"239714b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2397223 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2397223\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2397390\" data-id=\"2397390\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2398118\" data-id=\"2398118\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239822f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239822f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23982cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23982cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2398416\" data-id=\"2398416\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239852a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239852a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23985c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23985c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2398722\" data-id=\"2398722\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2398839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2398839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Psychological Status of Government School Teachers in Gampaha District During Covid- 19<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Weerasinghe, S.P.S.P., Dr. Herath, D.C.K., Gunarathne, K.A.T.N.T., Chandrasiri, D.B.P.S., Premasara, J.M., Jayaweera, K.K.T, Chandrarathna, L.R., Priyankara, M.G.A. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 588-596<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23988d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23988d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2398a5d\" data-id=\"2398a5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2398b9a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2398b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research is an attempt to study the psychological status of government school teachers in the Gampaha district during the COVID- 19 pandemic. It mainly focuses on school teachers in the Gampaha district who had to transform their teaching style due to online teaching necessities. There is much research on COVID-19 and depression related to the general public, school students, and undergraduates. Yet, there is a visible vacuum in empirical data regarding the depression level of school teachers, which is intended to be bridged through this study. It followed the quantitative approach and gathered data from the government teachers by conducting an online questionnaire survey. The results indicated that among the selected sample, the majority of them appeared to be mildly and moderately depressed, while 27.2% were severely depressed. As the psychological condition is a mandatory requirement for every individual to have a healthy lifestyle, the researchers intend to highlight the importance of governmental aid and support in this regard<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 588-596\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Weerasinghe, S.P.S.P. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Herath, D.C.K. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gunarathne, K.A.T.N.T. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chandrasiri, D.B.P.S. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Premasara, J.M. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jayaweera, K.K.T <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chandrarathna, L.R. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Priyankara, M.G.A. <\/strong>\r\nInstitute of Human Resource Advancement, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Al Lily, A., Ismail, A., Abunasser, F., &amp; Alqahtani, R. 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PloS one, 16(9), e0257252.\r\n[10] J. Walker, R. (2008). Twelve Characteristics of an Effective Teacher: A Longitudinal, Qualitative, Quasi-Research Study of In-service and Pre-service Teachers\u2019 Opinions. Educational HORIZONS. Retrieved 21 November 2021, from https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ815372.pdf.\r\n[11] S. K. Lwanga and S. Lemeshow. WorldHealth Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/40062\r\n[12] Nieto, S. (2003). What Keeps Teachers Going? (1st ed., p. 1). Teachers College Press, Columbia University.\r\n[13] Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Santxo, N., Mondragon, N., &amp; Santamar\u00eda, M. (2021). The Psychological State of Teachers during the COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenge of Returning to Face-to-Face Teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.620718\r\n[14] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009). Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS (EDUCATION) (1st ed.).\r\n[15] Santamar\u00eda, M., Mondragon, N., Santxo, N., &amp; Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N. (2021). Teacher stress, anxiety and depression at the beginning of the academic year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Mental Health, 8(14). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/gmh.2021.14\r\n[16] Silva, D., Cobucci, R., Lima, S., &amp; de Andrade, F. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.01.21256442\r\n[17] Smith, B., &amp; Lim, M. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic is focusing attention on loneliness and social isolation. Public Health Research &amp; Practice, 30(2). doi: 10.17061\/phrp3022008\r\n[18] Torres, F. (2021). What Is Depression?. Retrieved 10 November 2021, from https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/patients-families\/depression\/what-is-depression\r\n[19] Truzoli, R., Pirola, V., &amp; Conte, S. (2021). The impact of risk and protective factors on online teaching experience in high school Italian teachers during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Journal Of Computer Assisted Learning, 37(4), 940-952. doi: 10.1111\/jcal.12533\r\n[20] Van Lancker, W., &amp; Parolin, Z. (2020). COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e243-e244. doi: 10.1016\/s2468-2667(20)30084-0\r\n[21] Wickramaarachchi, W., Perera, S., &amp; Jayasignhe, S. (2020). COVID-19 epidemic in Sri Lanka: A mathematical and computational modelling approach to control. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.21.20073734\r\n[22] WHO.Int. 2021. Coronavirus. [online] Available at: &lt;https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/coronavirus#tab=tab_1&gt; [Accessed 19 November 2021].\r\n[23] Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M. and Koutsogiannaki, S., 2020. COVID-19 Pathophysiology: A review. Clinical Immunology, [online] 215, p.108427. Available at: &lt;https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S152166162030262X&gt; [Accessed 19 November 2021].\r\n[24] Zhou, J., Yuan, X., Huang, H., Li, Y., Yu, H., Chen, X., &amp; Luo, J. (2021). The Prevalence and Correlative Factors of Depression among Chinese Teachers During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(644276). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.644276\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Weerasinghe, S.P.S.P., Dr. Herath, D.C.K., Gunarathne, K.A.T.N.T., Chandrasiri, D.B.P.S., Premasara, J.M., Jayaweera, K.K.T, Chandrarathna, L.R., Priyankara, M.G.A. &#8220;The Psychological Status of Government School Teachers in Gampaha District During Covid- 19&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.588-596 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/588-596.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/588-596.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-psychological-status-of-government-school-teachers-in-gampaha-district-during-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Psychological Status of Government School Teachers in Gampaha District During Covid- 19<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239a3b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239a3b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239a507\" data-id=\"239a507\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239a850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239a850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239a923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239a923\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239aa84\" data-id=\"239aa84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239aba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239aba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239ac4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239ac4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239ad9c\" data-id=\"239ad9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239aeb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239aeb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239af55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239af55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239b0c7\" data-id=\"239b0c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239b1cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239b1cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence of Depression among Adolescents in Narok County Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hamisi Antipas, Sabina Mutisya, PhD, Maria Ntaragwe, PhD &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 597-601<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239b26c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239b26c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239b3e4\" data-id=\"239b3e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239b51d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"239b51d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nDepression is one of the most prevalent common mental disorders globally. This condition is also known to be a risk factor for other conditions such as suicidality, drug use disorders and delinquency among others. Understanding the prevalence of depression is important in designing intervention strategies. The sample size included 16 public secondary schools with 396 participants. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used. Data were collected using standardized questionnaire for depression, the PHQ 9. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that across all the different types of schools, most of the students had a low levels of depression. The highest number of students with low or moderate levels of depression were in mixed boarding schools followed by mixed day secondary schools. The study recommends provision of resources to help strengthen the school guidance and counseling departments. Strengthening the relationships between parents, learning institutions and adolescents through regular engagement\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 597-601\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6735\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6735<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hamisi Antipas <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabina Mutisya, PhD <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Maria Ntaragwe, PhD <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdul-Latiff, L., Tajik, E., and Ibrahim, N. (2016). Depression and its associated factors among secondary school students in Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 47: 131\u201341.\r\n[2] Al-Gelban, K.S. (2007). Depression, anxiety, and stress among Saudi adolescent school boys. J. R. SocPromot Health, 127(1), 33-7.\r\n[3] Al Gelban, K.S. (2009). Prevalence of psychological symptoms in Saudi secondary School girls in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med, 29(4), 275-9.\r\n[4] Allison.T, Carey.A, Sbarra.D, Donnella.B. Depression, Negative Emotionality, and Self-Referential Language: A Multi-Lab, Multi-Measure, and Multi-Language-Task Research Synthesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 116(5). USA: University of Arizona\r\n[5] American Psychiatric Association (2019). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Fifth edition. National Institute of Mental Health. (Data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.) Retrieved from www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/prevalence\/major-depression-among-adults.shtml.\r\n[6] Bhattarai, D., Shrestha, N., &amp; Paudel, S. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with depression among higher secondary school adolescents of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ, 10(12).\r\n[7] Brent, D. A., &amp; Birmaher, B. (2002). Clinical practice. Adolescent depression. A journal of N Engl J med, 347:667\r\n[8] Costello, J.E., Erkanli, A., and Angold, A. (2006). Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? J Child Psychol Psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 47:1263\u201371.\r\n[9] Deutsche Welle (2019). Africa battles high rates of suicide, depression. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/africa-battles-high-rates-of-suicide-depression\/a-49114146\r\n[10] Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, &amp; Hefner (2007). Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality among University Students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 77(4):534-42. USA: University of Michigan\r\n[11] Gladstone, T. R. G., Beardslee, W. R., &amp; O\u2019Connor, E. E. (2011). The prevention of Adolescent Depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34(1), 35\u201352.\r\n[12] Khesht-Masjedi, M. F., Shokrgozar, S., Abdollahi, E., Golshahi, M., &amp; Sharif-Ghaziani, Z. (2017). Comparing depressive symptoms in teenage boys and girls. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 6(4), 775\u2013779.\r\n[13] Miller, I. W., Keitner, G., I., Whisman, A., Ryan, C. E., &amp; Epstein, B. (2010). Depressed patients with dysfunctional families: description and course of illness. J Abnorm Psychol. 1992(101): 637\u2013646.\r\n[14] Nagaraja, Reddy, Ravishankar, Jagadisha &amp; Muninarayana, (2015) Study the Prevalence of Depression among Nursing College Students of Kolar District, Karnataka State. India: Karnataka State\r\n[15] Naidoo, S.S. &amp; Schlebusch, L. (2014). Sociodemographic characteristics of persons committing suicide in Durban, South Africa: 2006- 2007. Afr J Prim Health Care, 6: 568-575.\r\n[16] Ramli, M., Adlina, S., Ariaratnam, S., &amp; Ederiah, A.B. et al. (2008). Depression among Secondary School Students: A comparison between urban and rural populations in a Malaysian community. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 18(2), 55-61.\r\n[17] Seaman, A.M. (2013). Percent of depression men comparable to women. JAMA Psychiatry, 102: 966\u20139.\r\n[18] Shahtahmasebi, S. (2013). Examining the claim that 80-90% of suicide cases had depression. Frontiers in Public Health, 1: 62.\r\n[19] WHO (2018). Depression. Retrieved from WHO Mental Health Department&#8217;s Web page. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/management\/depression\/definition\/en.\r\n[20] WHO (2017). Partners in Life Skills Education. Conclusions from a United Nations Interagency Meeting. Geneva: World Health Organization.\r\n[21] Young, J., Miller, M., &amp; Khan, N. (2010). Screening and managing depression in Adolescents. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, (1), 87-95.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hamisi Antipas, Sabina Mutisya, PhD, Maria Ntaragwe, PhD, &#8220;Prevalence of Depression among Adolescents in Narok County Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.597-601 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6735<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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elementor-element-239e1de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239e1de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239e345\" data-id=\"239e345\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239e459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239e459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239e4fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239e4fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239e67a\" data-id=\"239e67a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239e79d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239e79d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Distribution of Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis Larvatus Wurmb, 1787) in Forest Fragmentation Area, Tunan River, Waru District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lariman, Abinda Muchlas Barru, Dijan Sunar Rukmi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 602-604<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239e846 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239e846\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239e9d4\" data-id=\"239e9d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239eb0f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"239eb0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb, 1787) is an endemic primate of the island of Borneo that is protected and threatened with extinction. Deforestation is the biggest threat to proboscis monkeys because it destroys the ideal habitat for proboscis monkeys. The proboscis monkey&#8217;s habitat includes various types of forest such as wetland forest, peat forest, heath forest, rubber forest, and mangrove forest associated with water. The Tunan River is one of the proboscis monkey&#8217;s habitats outside the conservation area in the form of a forest that is fragmented apart by roads, residential areas, plantations, and ponds. Meanwhile, the spread of proboscis monkeys in the Tunan river forest fragmentation area, Waru District, North Penajam Paser Regency, East Kalimantan has never been reported so that a study is needed to determine its distribution. This research was started from January to February 2022. The data was collected using the boat survey method, namely observation by using a boat. The results obtained were twenty-four proboscis monkey distribution points based on direct observation. The distribution pattern of proboscis monkeys tends to be random in the fragmentation area and is found more in the upstream than downstream areas due to habitat conditions and the presence of forage trees that support the proboscis monkey population. Therefore, to preserve the proboscis monkey, it is necessary to provide information to the surrounding community by protecting the proboscis monkey habitat<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 602-604\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6736<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lariman <\/strong>\r\nBiology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University\r\nJl. Barong Tongkok No.4 Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda, East Kalimantan <\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abinda Muchlas Barru<\/strong>\r\nBiology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University\r\nJl. Barong Tongkok No.4 Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda, East Kalimantan <\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dijan Sunar Rukmi<\/strong>\r\nBiology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University\r\nJl. Barong Tongkok No.4 Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda, East Kalimantan <\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Atmoko, T., A. S.E. Rinaldi &amp; B.S. sitepu. 2011. Distribution of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb.) in an unprotected area in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. In: Proceedings of Exposing Research Results to Support Beneficial Conservation and Conservative Use. Research and Development Center for Conservation and Rehabilitation. Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Forestry.\r\n[2] Atmoko, Tri &amp; Kade Sidiyasa. 2008. Karakteristik Vegetasi Habitat Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) di Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. 5 (4) : 307 \u2013 316.\r\n[3] Atmoko, T. 2012. Kuala Samboja Proboscis Monkeys Survive Within Limitations. Balikpapan: Research and technology center for natural resource conservation.\r\n[4] Bismark, M. 2009. Conservation Biology of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Center for Forest Research and Development and Nature Conservation, Research and Development Agency Ministry of Forestry.\r\n[5] Iskandar, S., H.S. Alikodra., M. Bismark., &amp; A. P. Kartono. 2017. Population Status and Conservation of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb, 1787) in the Rawa Gelam Habitat, South Kalimantan. Journal of Forest Research and Nature Conservation. 14(2) : 123 -132.\r\n[6] Matsuda I, Tuuga A, Higashi S. 2010. Effect of Water Level on Sleeping-site Selection and Intergroup Association in Proboscis Monkeys: Why do They Sleep Alone Inland on Flooded Days. Ecological Research. 25:475-482.\r\n[7] Rengku, M. T., Teguh, Agung S., &amp; Mukhlisi. 2020. Swara Samboja Magazine: Mitigation of Potential Conflicts between Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis &amp; Macaca nemestrina) with Humans around KHDTK Samboja. Samboja : Balitek KSDA Samboja.\r\n[8] Sayektiningsih, T. 2020. Swara Samboja Magazine: Crop Raiding by Wild Animals. Samboja : Balitek KSDA Samboja.\r\n[9] Soendjoto, M.A., H.S. Alikodra, M. Bismark &amp; H. Setijanto. 2006. Jenis dan komposisi pakan bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) di Hutan Karet Kabupaten Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan. Biodiversitas\r\n7(1) : 34-38.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lariman, Abinda Muchlas Barru, Dijan Sunar Rukmi &#8220;Distribution of Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis Larvatus Wurmb, 1787) in Forest Fragmentation Area, Tunan River, Waru District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.602-604 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6736<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/602-604.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/distribution-of-proboscis-monkeys-nasalis-larvatus-wurmb-1787-in-forest-fragmentation-area-tunan-river-waru-district-east-kalimantan-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Distribution of Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis Larvatus Wurmb, 1787) in Forest Fragmentation Area, Tunan River, Waru District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239f916 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"239f916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239f9e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239f9e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239fb6e\" data-id=\"239fb6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239fc96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239fc96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239fd45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239fd45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239fea4\" data-id=\"239fea4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239ffac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239ffac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a004c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a004c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a019d\" data-id=\"23a019d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a02b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a02b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a0352 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a0352\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a0499\" data-id=\"23a0499\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a059d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a059d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a06c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a06c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a0823\" data-id=\"23a0823\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a0943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a0943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a09eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a09eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a0b3a\" data-id=\"23a0b3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a0c43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a0c43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a0ce7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a0ce7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a0e4f\" data-id=\"23a0e4f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a0f5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a0f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Child-Hustling in Ibadan Metropolis: A Cultural Worldview<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gbemisola Hannah, ADEOBA &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 605-611<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a0ff7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a0ff7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a1175\" data-id=\"23a1175\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a12b5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23a12b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nOver the years, the unfavorable situation of children hustling hard under demeaning situations has triggered very serious deliberations among scholars, policy-makers, and human rights\u2019 activists globally. The high rate of occurrence of child-hustlers over the years is a crucial factor in explaining child-neglect in form of child-labour and child-abuse. Studies on children protection had focused on child-labour or street-children as a whole. However, little attention has been given to hustling among children. Hence, this study examines a cultural worldview of child-hustlers in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state.\r\nCross-sessional research-design is adopted and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to elicit primary data from six major commercial centres in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. A semi-structured Questionnaire Schedule (QS) was administered to 300 respondents. Data were collected on socio-demographic profile and cultural world-view of child-hustling. The data generated were analyzed with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.\r\nOn the cultural world-view of child-hustling, majority of the respondents viewed hustling as a means of livelihood. Child hustling has negatively affected the development of children and had compromised the achievement of societal development globally. There is need for effective reorientation, sensitization, and strict enforcement of policies that could help in the protection of child\u2019s rights, most especially in the urban centres by both the Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 605-611\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gbemisola Hannah, ADEOBA <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAdekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko Ondo State, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aderinto, A.A. (2009). Child labor in West-Africa: Nature, Extent and Consequences. Benin Journal of Social Science, vol. 17, pg.30-40.\r\n[2] Adewusi, A. (2016). Ibadan: home of Teenage Hustlers- opinion Nigeria. The guardian December\r\n[3] Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Journal of criminology, vol.30, pg.47\u201388.\r\n[4] Akanle, O. Adeoba, G.H. and Adewusi,A.O. (2018) child Hustlers in Ibadan metropolis co-occurrence and characterisation , Kaduna Journal Of Sociology.\r\n[5] Akanle. O. (2012). Childhood construction, child rights and development in Nigeria: trajectories from the Yoruba of South-western Nigeria. African journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, Vol.15 (1 and 2)\r\n[6] Akpan, N. and Olubamide, A. J. (2010). The menace of child abuse in Nigeria: A case study of street hawking in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Journal of Social Sciences. 24 (3) 189 \u2013 182.\r\n[7] Alenoma, G. (2012). Parental Perspectives on Children Streetism in Tamale in Ghana. Research on humanities and Social sciences, vol.2, No.8.\r\n[8] Asika, N. (2004). Research methodology: A Process Approach, Shomolu, Labos: Mukugamu and Brothers Enterprise.\r\n[9] Awosusi, O and Adebo, G. M. (2012). Domestic Servants and Rural-Youth Urban Migration in Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. Volume 2. No. 5: 271-278.\r\n[10] Ayodele, R.B and Olubayo-Fatiregun, M.A. (2014). Accidental Injuries among Juvenile Hawkers: Clog in the Wheel of Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of a Nation. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AJHSS) Volume 2, no. 2, ISSN: 2320-9720.\r\n[11] Bass, L. (2004). Child Labour in Sub-Saharah Africa. Boulder. Lynne Rienner Publisher.\r\n[12] Boyden J, and Mann, G. (2005). Children&#8217;s risk, resilience, and coping in extreme situations. In Handbook for Working with Children and Youth: Pathways to Resilience Across Cultures and Contexts. Ungar M (ed). Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA. 3-26.criminology, vol.30, pg.47\u201388.\r\n[13] Dada, M.O. (2013). A Sociological Investigation of the Determinants Factors and the Effects of Child Street Hawking in Nigeria: Agege, Lagos State. International Journal of Asian Social Science, vol. 3(1):114-137.\r\n[14] Ebigbo, P. O. (2003). Street children: The core of child abuse and neglect in Nigeria. Journal of Children, Youth and Environments. Vol 13(1)\r\n[15] Ekpenyong, S.N. and Sibiri, A. E. (2011). Street trading and child labour in Yenegoa. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education. Vol. 4 (1) pg. 36-46.\r\n[16] Ibadan Population, (2018), United Nations World Urbanisation Prospect.\r\n[17] Johnson, J. (2009). Causes of Child labour- A case study of Babati town, Tanzania.Sodertorn University College. School of Life Sciences.\r\n[18] Kurfi, M.H and Aliyu, M.A. (2014). Understanding the Complexity of Child Labor Experiences in the Global South: A Survey of Kaduna Metropolis- Nigeria. Arts and Social Sciences Journal, Vol.5 (2)\r\n[19] Kwankye, S. O., Nyarko, P. E. and Tagoe, C. A. (2007). Reproductive health implications of street hawking in Accra. 1 \u2013 15.\r\n[20] Merton, R.K. (1968). Social theory of social structure, New York, Free press.\r\n[21] Nachmias, C.F., and Nachmias, D. (1996). Research Methods in the Social Sciences. New York: St. Martin\u2018s press (5th ed.).\r\n[22] Nwadinigwe, C. U., Ihezie, C. O. and Iyidiobi, E. C. (2006). Fracture in children. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. Vol. 15(1) 81 83.\r\n[23] Nwazuoke, A.N and Igwe, C.A. (2016). Worst Forms of Child Labour in Nigeria: An Appraisal of international and Local Legal Regimes. Beijing Law Review, Vol. 7, pg. 69-82.\r\n[24] Ojelabi, S.A., and Oyewole, O. (2012). Cultural factors Promoting Streetism among Urban Children in Ibadan Metropolis. Research on humanities and social sciences, Vol 2, No.9\r\n[25] Okpukpara, B.C. and Odurukwe, N. (2006). Incidence and determinants of child labour in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation. AERC Research Paper, 156 African.\r\n[26] Onuzulike, N. M. (2007). Gender differences in knowledge and attitude towards Child Street hawking among rural resident parents. Pp. 136 \u2013 148.\r\n[27] Ray, R. (2000).Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study. Journal of Population Economics, 13(1), pg. 3-19.\r\n[28] Shailong, C.N., Onuk, E.G. and Beshi, B.A. (2011). Socio-economic factors affecting child hawkers in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State. PAT7 (1) 64-73.\r\n[29] Udoh, N.A.,and Eme, U.J. (2012). Behavioural Problems of Juvenile Street Hawkers in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. World Journal of Education Vol. 2, No. 1. Pg. 137-144.\r\n[30] Ungar, M. 2008. Resilience across cultures. British Journal of Social Work 38, 218-235.\r\n[31] Winnie, V. M. (2005). Street vending in African cities: A synthesis of empirical findings from Kenya, Cote D\u2018Ivoire, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Uganda and South Africa. Background paper for the 2005 World Development Report. 16August, 2003. pp. 3 \u2013 8.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gbemisola Hannah, ADEOBA, &#8220;Child-Hustling in Ibadan Metropolis: A Cultural Worldview&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.605-611 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/605-611.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/605-611.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/child-hustling-in-ibadan-metropolis-a-cultural-worldview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Child-Hustling in Ibadan Metropolis: A Cultural Worldview<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a20d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23a20d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a2c13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a2d66\" data-id=\"23a2d66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a2e6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a2e6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a2f07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a2f07\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a3053\" data-id=\"23a3053\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a3175 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a3175\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a3213 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a3213\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a3363\" data-id=\"23a3363\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a346b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a346b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a350c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a350c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a366a\" data-id=\"23a366a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a3786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a3786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Ethno-Religious Conflicts on The Upsurge of Violent Crimes in Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>GARBA, Mbave Joshua PhD, AHIMA, Egashi Solomon, EMMANUEL, Victor &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 612-623<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a3828 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a3828\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a39b6\" data-id=\"23a39b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a3ae8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23a3ae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was designed to investigate Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Upsurge of Violent Crimes in Taraba State, Nigeria. The study made use of a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from a randomly selected sub-set of Taraba state adult population (1,283,817). From the three senatorial districts of the state (Northern, Central, and Southern), two (2) Local Government Areas were purposively selected, being the areas with a history of intense ethno-religious conflicts were included in the study. The sample size was 1110, drawn using a mixed multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics like frequencies\/percentages tables and charts were employed in interpreting the data, while chi-square and Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis were used in analyzing the research hypotheses. A hierarchical multiple regression model was employed to predict socio-demographic factors associated with perceived nexus between ethno-religious conflicts and violent crimes. The study found out among others, a high perceived role of arms proliferation during ethno-religious conflicts in the growing incidence of violent crime (90.1%). The Paper among other recommendations recommended for proactive security measures to be employed to ensure that ethnic militias are not allowed to bear firearms and light weapons. They should embark on disarmament and mopping up of weapons.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 612-623\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6737\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6737<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>GARBA, Mbave Joshua PhD <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Taraba State University Jalingo<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>AHIMA, Egashi Solomon <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Taraba State University Jalingo<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>EMMANUEL, Victor <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Sociology, Taraba State University Jalingo<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Achumba, I.C., Ighomereho, O.S., &amp; Akpor-Robaro, M.O. (2013). Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. Journal of economics and sustainable development, 4, 79-99.\r\n[2] Best, S. G. (1999). Communal conflicts and the possibilities of conflict resolution in Nigeria: A case study of the Tiv-Jukun conflicts in Wukari Local Government Area. In O. Otite, A. I., O. Otite, &amp; A. I. (Eds.), Community conflicts in Nigeria (pp. 118 &#8211; 141). Ibadan: Spectrum Books.\r\n[3] Best, S. G., Idyorough, A. E., &amp; Shehu, Z. B. (1999). Communal Conflict and the Possibilities of Conflicts Resolutions in Nigeria: A Case Study of the Tiv-Jukun conflicts in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State. In O. Otite, I. O. Albert, O. Otite, &amp; I. O. Albert (Eds.), Community Conflicts in Nigeria: Management Resolution and Transformation (pp. 90-100). Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.\r\n[4] Brown, M. E. (1993). Ethnic conflict and international security. Princeton New Jersey: Princeton University Press.\r\n[5] Chinwokwu, E. C. (2014). Trend and Pattern of Violent Crimes in Nigeria: An Analaysis of the Boko Haram Terrorist Outrage. Journal of Culture, Society and Development- An Open Access International Journal. Vol.3, 8 &#8211; 16.\r\n[6] Chirwa, M. (2015). Rwanda: the conflict, the guns and the genocide. In M. Chirwa, Rwanda, is it a success story or exaggerated? Development history (pp. 105 &#8211; 128). Giftins Publishers: Lusaka.\r\n[7] Danbazau, A. B., Jumare, M. M., &amp; Yakubu, A. M. (1996). Issues in crime control and prevention in Nigeria (ed). Kaduna: Baraka Press and Publishers Ltd.\r\n[8] Dankano, A. I. (2018). Public Perception of incessant ethno-religious conflict and raising wave of armed robbery and kidnaping in Taraba State. Taraba State University Journal of Sociology Vol. 3;2, 78 &#8211; 103.\r\n[9] Garba, M. J. (2014). Ethnic Conflict and The Rise Of Criminality: A Case Study of Southern Taraba State. Unpublished dissertation submitted to the Post Graduate School Benue State University Markudi. in partial fulfillment for the award Masters of Science M.Sc. Sociology (Criminology) degree in Sociology.\r\n[10] Igbo, E. U. (2007). Introduction to criminology. Nsukka: University of Nigeria Press Ltd.\r\n[11] Ikejiam-Clark. (2010). Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria . Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.\r\n[12] Jekada, E. K. (2005, September). Proliferation of Small Arms and ethnic conflict in Nigeria: Implication for National Security. Being A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the award of Ph.D in International Relations and Strategic Studies at St. Clements University.\r\n[13] Jonah, C. E., &amp; Jatau, D. P. (2011). Violent Crime in Jos Division of Plateau Province 1915 &#8211; 1960: A Study of Murder. Jalingo Historical Review.\r\n[14] Kabuk, V. S. (2015). Ethno-Religious Violence in Nigeria; the Bane of Nation Building (17). International Journal of Theology and Reformed Tradition, 212 &#8211; 226.\r\n[15] Kadayifci-Orellana, S. A. (2009). Ethnic and religious conflicts: Exploring the Role of Religion in Conflict Resolution&#8217;. In B. J. eds., V. Kremenyuk, &amp; I. W. Zartman, The SAGE Handbook of Conflict Resolution (pp. 264-280). London: SAGE.\r\n[16] Kamar&#8217;, B. (2006). Crises Management in Nigeria: the Governor Boni Haruna&#8217;s approach to Bachama\/Hausa conflict in Adamawa State. In T. T. Gyuse, O. Ajene, &amp; (Ed), Conflicts in the benue Valley. Makurdi: benue University Press.\r\n[17] Lamorde, Z. (2018). Managing Ethno-Religious Identity Conflicts in Kaduna State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 23, Issue 9, Ver. 2 (September. 2018) 51-57, 51-57.\r\n[18] LeVine, R. A., &amp; Campbell, D. T. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. New York: Wiley.\r\n[19] Meijer, C., &amp; Verwimp, P. (2005). The Use and Perception of Weapons before and after Conflict: Evidence from Rwanda. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep10743: Small Arms Survey.\r\n[20] Ngang, C. K. (2007). Small Arms and Light Weapons, Africa\u2019s True WMDs: The Role of SALW in Conflict and Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa. a Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the European University Center for Peace Studies (EPU). Stadschlaining, Austria.\r\n[21] Okechukwu, O. A. (2012). Rising Youth Unemployment and Violent Crime in Nigeria. American Journal of Social Issues &amp; Humanities, Vol.2(5), 315-321.\r\n[22] Onodugo, I. C., Amujiri, B. A., &amp; Nwuba, B. N. (2013). Security Challenges and The Survival of Democracy in Nigeria. International Journal of Research In Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No.10, 27 &#8211; 34.\r\n[23] Oruonye, E. D. (2012). The Socio-economic Impact of Land resource Conflict in Taraba State: A Case Study of Kona \u2013 Minda crisis in Northern Taraba. International Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol.1 No.2., 46-49.\r\n[24] Oruonye, E. D., &amp; Abbas, B. (2011). The Geography of Taraba State, Nigeria. Germany: LAP Publishing Company.\r\n[25] Osawe, C. O. (2015). Increase Wave of Violent Crime and Insecurity: A Threat to Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. IV, 123-133.\r\n[26] Smart, E. O. (2003, June). Armed Robbery in the South-eastern States of Contemporary Nigeria: A Criminological Analysis. Ph.D Thesis . South Africa.\r\n[27] Ugwuoke, C. U. (2010). Criminology: Explaining crime in the Nigerian context. Nsukka: Great AP Express Publishers Ltd.\r\n[28] Ukertor, G. M. (2010). An Examination of the Tiv\/Jukun Conflict of North Central Nigeria on Development . Alternative perspectives in the humanities and the social sciences 26, 1-20.\r\n[29] Ukoji, V. N., &amp; Okolie-Osemene, J. (2016). Prevalence of Lethal and Non-lethal Crimes in Nigeria. J. Adv. Res. Humani. Social Sci.; 3(1), 10-25.\r\n[30] Yakubu, A. M. (2005). Crises and Conflicts Management in Nigeria Since 1980: Causes and Dimensions of Conflicts. Kaduna: Nigerian Defence Academy Press.\r\n[31] Yecho, J. I. (2006). An Overview of the Jukun-Tiv crises. In a. O. T. T. Gyuse, Conflicts in the Benue Valley. Makurd: Benue State Univeresity Press.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">GARBA, Mbave Joshua PhD, AHIMA, Egashi Solomon, EMMANUEL, Victor &#8220;Effect of Ethno-Religious Conflicts on The Upsurge of Violent Crimes in Taraba State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.612-623 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6737<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/612-623.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-ethno-religious-conflicts-on-the-upsurge-of-violent-crimes-in-taraba-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Ethno-Religious Conflicts on The Upsurge of Violent Crimes in Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a48e0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23a48e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a49ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a49ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a4b24\" data-id=\"23a4b24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a4c54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a4c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a4cfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a4cfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a4e4e\" data-id=\"23a4e4e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a4f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a4f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a4ffd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a4ffd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a51b5\" data-id=\"23a51b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a52cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a52cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a536c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a536c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a54c9\" data-id=\"23a54c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a55d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a55d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a566d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a566d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a57be\" data-id=\"23a57be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a58c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a58c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a5961 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a5961\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a5aaf\" data-id=\"23a5aaf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a5bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a5bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a5c53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a5c53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a5db6\" data-id=\"23a5db6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a5eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a5eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Legal Comparison of Regional Powers&#8217; Involvements in African Conflicts: Case Studies of Libya and South Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Habiba Yaouba &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 624-627<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a5f65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a5f65\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a60e4\" data-id=\"23a60e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a6212 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23a6212\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe Republic of Chad, located in central Africa, is under attack by a series of military coups; despite its prosperity, the country has emerged from protracted conflicts since its independence. The violence was perpetrated and directed by rebel groups of various ethnicities. As the regional leader, Libya decided in 1991 to intervene in internal Chadian affairs by mediating between the regime and rebel groups on political and economic matters, despite being under international sanctions. The first &#8220;Coup d&#8217;\u00c9tat&#8221; since Ivory Coast&#8217;s independence occurred in December 1999, and more recent coups have also been successful; the violence in Ivory Coast appears to be a conflict that has targeted both the military and civilians. The last military coup in 2002 failed and turned into a small war within the country, attracting South Africa&#8217;s involvement in the bloodied country by violence, fear, and escalating instability, which worsened the human rights situation. The Ivory Coast&#8217;s struggle was more intensely influenced by economic factors, while the conflict in Chad was the political cause. Legally, the international community arrangement in Ivory Coast obligated South Africa, as a regional leader, to secure peace and stability. In contrast, Libya illegally meddles in the internal affairs of Chad with its influential &#8220;brother leader,&#8221; who has a new position as a regional peacemaker and is dominant in the Sub-Saharan region.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 624-627\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6738<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Habiba Yaouba<\/strong><\/span>\r\nZhongnan University of Economics and Law, China\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Elizabeth Sidiropoulos(2007)&#8221; South Africa&#8217;s regional engagement for peace and security&#8221; Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) , pp 7-8.\r\n[2] Eunice Dadson(2008),&#8221; Examining the Role of Third -Party Mediation in Cote d&#8217;Ivoire Conflict:Peacemakers or Spoilers? Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, pp7-8.\r\n[3] Gilbert M.K: &#8220;Mediation efforts in Africa&#8217;s Great Lakes Region&#8221; April 2007.pp17.\r\n[4] Igwe, S.(2010) &#8220;How Africa Underdeveloped Africa&#8221; Port Harcourt: Professional Printers and Publishers, pp 120.\r\n[5] International Crisis group, (2011) &#8220;Africa without Qaddafi: The Case of Chad&#8221;, Report 180\/Africa.\r\n[6] J\u00e9r\u00f4me Tubiana and Claudio Gramizzi(2017)Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad, Sudan,Libya Triangle, Small Arms Survey, pp192.\r\n[7] J\u00e9r\u00f4me Tubiana and Claudio Gramizzi(2017)Tubu Trouble: State and Statelessness in the Chad, Sudan,Libya Triangle, Small Arms Survey, pp192.\r\n[8] Judith Scheele (2016)&#8221; The Libyan connection:settlement, war, and other etranglement in Northern Chad&#8221; The Journal of African History. pp115-134.\r\n[9] Kurt Shillinger(2009), Africa&#8217;s Peacemaker?: Lessons from South African ConflictMediation, Fanele, an imprint of Jacana Media, pp 15.\r\n[10] Lamin(2008) &#8220;South Africa&#8217;s track record in mediation and conflict resolution in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi, pp 299.\r\n[11] Lamin, A (2008):&#8221; South Africa&#8217;s Diplomatic Intervention in C\u00f4te d &#8220;Ivoire&#8221; 2004-2006: Lessons for Future Peace Diplomacy in Africa. South African Yearbook of International Affairs 20062007, pp.295.\r\n[12] Mbao, M: &#8220;A review of the Republic of South Africa&#8217;s leading role on the African continent&#8221; South Africa 2003. Mbeki, T: &#8220;State-of-the-Nation Address&#8221; available at http: www.info.gov.za\/speeches\/2007\/07020911001001.htm\r\n[13] Natalino Ronzitti,(2015)&#8221; Respect for Sovereignty, Use of Force and the Principle of Non-intervention in the Internal Affairs of Other States&#8221; European Leadership Network, pp 25\r\n[14] Pascal Fletcher, &#8220;Gaddafi&#8217;s hand seen in Chad objections to UN force&#8221;, Dakar, Reuters,2007\r\n[15] Susanne Tarkowski Tempelhof and Manal Omar(2012)Stakeholders of Libya&#8217;s February 17 Revolution, the United States Institute of Peace, pp 8-9.\r\n[16] UN Peacemaker, 2008\r\n[17] United Nations Peacemaker, the letter from Uganda permanent representative to the united nations addressed to the President of the Security Council, 21 May 1999\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Habiba Yaouba , &#8220;A Legal Comparison of Regional Powers&#8217; Involvements in African Conflicts: Case Studies of Libya and South Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.624-627 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6738<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/624-627.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-legal-comparison-of-regional-powers-involvements-in-african-conflicts-case-studies-of-libya-and-south-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Legal Comparison of Regional Powers&#8217; Involvements in African Conflicts: Case Studies of Libya and South Africa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a6ffe elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23a6ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a70ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a70ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a723e\" data-id=\"23a723e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a735f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a735f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a7563 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a7563\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a77a7\" data-id=\"23a77a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a78d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a78d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a7975 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a7975\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a7ad8\" data-id=\"23a7ad8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a7bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a7bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a7c8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a7c8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a7dde\" data-id=\"23a7dde\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a7ee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a7ee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a7f87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a7f87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a80ce\" data-id=\"23a80ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a81dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a81dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a8279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a8279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a83c2\" data-id=\"23a83c2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a84cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a84cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a856d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a856d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a86d4\" data-id=\"23a86d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a87f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a87f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from A Mini Supermarket<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>RTLA De Silva, TP Ekanayake, HPDSN Karunasekara, WGAL Wijerathne, WDH De Mel &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 628-631<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a888b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a888b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a8a0d\" data-id=\"23a8a0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a8b42 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23a8b42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Service quality in retail establishments is important for customer satisfaction, retention and also to enhance customer loyalty towards the organization and its products or services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of service quality factors on customer satisfaction with reference to a University based mini supermarket. Service quality was measured using the SERVQUAL model. Five dimensions of Service Quality namely Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Empathy and Assurance are considered for this research. The study employs quantitative research methodology. Primary data for the study is gathered through a structured questionnaire distributed among undergraduates. The sample has been selected based on convenient sampling method. Accordingly, the final sample size consisted of 153 respondents after removing the missing data and outliers. Regression analysis was carried out in order to study the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. Results revealed that there is a significant positive impact of tangibility, reliability and empathy on customer satisfaction. Responsiveness and assurance have an insignificant impact on customer satisfaction. The findings of the study will be beneficial for practitioners in ensuring the service quality aspect of mini-supermarkets in order to ensure customer satisfaction<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 628-631\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6739<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>RTLA De Silva <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Finance, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>TP Ekanayake <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Finance, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>HPDSN Karunasekara <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Finance, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>WGAL Wijerathne <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Finance, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>WDH De Mel <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Management and Finance, Faculty of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abdullah, F., Suhaimi, R., Saban, G., &amp; Hamali, J. (2011). Bank Service Quality (BSQ) Index: An indicator of service performance. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 28(5), 542\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02656711111132571\r\n[2] Akhlaghi, E., Amini, S., &amp; Akhlaghi, H. (2012). Evaluating educational service quality in technical and vocational colleges using SERVQUAL model. Procedia &#8211; Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5285\u20135289.\r\n[3] Asubonteng, P., Mccleary, K. J., &amp; Swan, J. E. (1996). SERVQUAL revisited: A critical review of service quality. Journal of Services Marketing, 10(6), 62\u201381.\r\n[4] Chanaka Ushantha, R. A., Wijeratne, A. W., &amp; Achchuthan, S. (2014). Developing Country Studies An Assessment of Retail Service Quality: An Empirical Study of the RSQS in Sri Lankan Supermarkets. Developing Country Studies, 4(3).\r\n[5] Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS ISM Introducing Statistical Methods Series (3rd ed.).\r\n[6] Flynn, B., Schroeder, R., &amp; Sakakibara, S. (1995). The impact of quality management practices on performance and competitive advantage in the hotel industry. Decision Sciences, 26(5).\r\n[7] Habaragoda, S. (2021). Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Evaluation of RSQS in Sri Lankan Supermarkets. Journal of Insurance and Finance, 1(1), 29\u201344.\r\n[8] Jamal, A., &amp; Anastasiadou, K. (2007). Investigating the Effects of Service Quality Dimensions and Expertise on Loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 43(3\/4), 398\u2013420.\r\n[9] Kajenthiran, K. (2018). An Empirical Investigation on Retail Service Quality and Its Impact on Customer Loyalty in the Supermarkets in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka &#8211; ProQuest. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 8(1), 17\u201336.\r\n[10] Karunarathna, A. K. P., Bandara, V. K., Silva, A. S. T., &amp; De Mel, W. D. H. (2020). Impact of Green Marketing Mix on Customers\u2019 Green Purchasing Intention with Special Reference to Sri Lankan Supermarkets. South Asian Journal of Marketing, 1(1), 127\u2013153.\r\n[11] Narteh, B. (2018). Service quality and customer satisfaction in Ghanaian retail banks: the moderating role of price. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(1), 68\u201388.\r\n[12] Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., &amp; Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41.\r\n[13] Phiri, M. A., &amp; Mcwabe, T. (2013). Customers&#8217; Expectations and Perceptions of Service Quality: The Case of Pick N Pay Supermarket Stores in Pietermaritzburg Area, South Africa. International Journal of Research In Social Sciences, 3(1).\r\n[14] Sivapalan, A., &amp; Jebarajakirthy, C. (2017). An application of retailing service quality practices influencing customer loyalty toward retailers. Marketing Intelligence &amp; Planning, 35(7), 842\u2013857.\r\n[15] Sivathaasan, N., Chanaka Ushantha, R. A., &amp; Achchuthan, S. (2014). Dimensions of supermarket service quality: A Sri Lankan perspective. Asian Journal of Empirical Research, 4(7), 381\u2013396.\r\n[16] Ueltschy, L. C., Laroche, M., Zhang, M., Cho, H., &amp; Yingwei, R. (2009). Is there really and Asian connection? Professional service quality perceptions and customer satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 62, 972\u2013979.\r\n[17] Wanninayake, W. M. C. B., &amp; Randiwela, P. (2007). The Impact of Visual Merchandising on Consumer Store Choice Decisions in Sri Lankan Supermarkets &#8211; DocsBay. 7th Global Conference on Business and Economics.\r\n[18] Weerasiri, R. A. S. (2015). A Study on Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction of Supermarkets in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Marketing, 1(2).\r\n[19] Zeithaml, V. A., &amp; Bitner, M. J. (2003). Service Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">RTLA De Silva, TP Ekanayake, HPDSN Karunasekara, WGAL Wijerathne, WDH De Mel &#8220;Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from A Mini Supermarket&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.628-631 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6739<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/628-631.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-service-quality-on-customer-satisfaction-evidence-from-a-mini-supermarket\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from A Mini Supermarket<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a99e2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23a99e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a9abb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a9abb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a9c30\" data-id=\"23a9c30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a9d52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a9d52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23a9df7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23a9df7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23a9f4c\" data-id=\"23a9f4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aa056 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aa056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aa0fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aa0fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aa249\" data-id=\"23aa249\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aa354 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aa354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aa3ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aa3ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aa535\" data-id=\"23aa535\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aa643 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aa643\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aa6df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aa6df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aa81f\" data-id=\"23aa81f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aa929 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aa929\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aa9c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aa9c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aab0a\" data-id=\"23aab0a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aac10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aac10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aacae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aacae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aae1a\" data-id=\"23aae1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aaf25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aaf25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adeniyi, D.S. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 632-636<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23aafc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23aafc0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ab146\" data-id=\"23ab146\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ab284 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23ab284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe ills of corruption in governance and public management creates an oddity of interests between leaderships and citizens. The myriads of challenges confronting many developing economies in the world today stems from corruption and the lack of transparency in governance. The elegance ascribed to political and economic corruptions in most African states stems not only from the depraved self-seeking nature of the individuals, but also from a societal expectation of grandeur and affluence after a successful political or bureaucratic career. The Nigerian state is evidently ethno-centric and blessed with abundant natural mineral resources. However, there are several factors fostering corruption in Nigeria, and this includes the rampant lack of accountability in governance, poor political leadership, and an ill-informed system of governance. For the Nigerian state to be free from corruption therefore, a lot needs to be done towards encouraging transparency in governance, responsible and an accountable political leadership, citizen participation in governance and an established system of informed policy formulation, exemplary leadership hinged on the tenets of morality, and the re-engineering of the social construct towards the re-building of trust between leaderships and the citizens. This review takes a critical look at corruption in the Nigerian public sector, and also offers some vital suggestions on how to overcome this protracted challenge\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 632-636\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeniyi, D.S. <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAPIN Public Health Initiatives Ltd\/Gte. Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Adebayo, A.O. (2014). Ethical Issues in Public Service. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(5), 410-412\r\n[2] Adenugba, A. A., &amp; Omolawal, S. A. (2014). Religious values and corruption in Nigeria-a dislocated relationship. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(3), 522-522.\r\n[3] Aderonmu, J. A. (2011). Civil society and anti-corruption crusade in Nigeria\u2019s fourth republic. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(1), 75-86.\r\n[4] Adesina, O. S. (2016). Nigeria and the Burden of Corruption. Canadian Social Science, 12(12), 12-20.\r\n[5] Albert, I. O. (2005). Explaining \u2018godfatherism&#8217;in Nigerian politics. African Sociological Review\/Revue Africaine de Sociologie, 9(2), 79-105.\r\n[6] Amaefule, L., &amp; Umeaka, E. C. (2016). Combating economic and financial crimes by the anti-graft agencies in Nigeria: Implications on the Nation\u2019s economic growth and development. International Journal of Innovative Development &amp; Policy Studies, 4(2), 8-33.\r\n[7] Ayoola, T. (2013). The effect of cashless policy of government on corruption in Nigeria. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(3).\r\n[8] Chi-Chi, O. A., &amp; Ebimobowei, A. (2012). Accountability and public sector financial management in Nigeria. Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 34(953), 1-17.\r\n[9] Denherdt, R.B. and Denherdt, J.V. (2002). The New Public Service: Serving Rather than Steering. Public Administration Review, 60(6), 549-559\r\n[10] Eiya, O., &amp; Otalor, J. I. (2013). Forensic accounting as a tool for fighting financial crime in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(6), 18-25.\r\n[11] Fitzsimons, P. (2002). The politics of corruption in the 21st century. Globalization, 2(1), 1-12.\r\n[12] Hudgins, A. and Poole, A. (2014). Framing fracking: Private Property, Common Resources, and Regimes of Governance. Journal of Political Ecology, 21(1), 303-319\r\n[13] Ibietan, J. (2013). Corruption and public accountability in the Nigerian public sector: Interrogating the omission. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(15), 41-48.\r\n[14] Ijewereme, O. B. (2015). Anatomy of corruption in the Nigerian public sector: Theoretical perspectives and some empirical explanations. Sage Open, 5(2), 2158244015581188.\r\n[15] Inuwa, I., Ononiwu, C., Kah, M. M., &amp; Quaye, A. K. (2019, May). Mechanisms fostering the misuse of information systems for corrupt practices in the Nigerian public sector. In International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries (pp. 122-134). Springer, Cham.\r\n[16] Joseph, R. A. (2014). Democracy and prebendal politics in Nigeria (Vol. 56). Cambridge University Press.\r\n[17] Kaler, J. (2002). Responsibility, Accountability and Governance. Business Ethics, Vol. 11(4), 327-334\r\n[18] M\u00e4hler, A. (2010). Nigeria: A prime example of the resource curse? Revisiting the oil-violence link in the Niger Delta.\r\n[19] Mbaku, J. M. (1996). Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: The Fultility of Cleanups. Cato J., 16, 99.\r\n[20] Mohammed, U. (2013). Corruption in Nigeria: A challenge to sustainable development in the fourth republic. European Scientific Journal, 9(4).\r\n[21] Morris, S.D. (2011). Forms of Corruption. Ifo DICE Report, Ifo Institute \u2013 Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, 9(2), 10-14\r\n[22] Ogbeidi, M. M. (2012). Political leadership and corruption in Nigeria since 1960: A socio-economic analysis. Journal of Nigeria studies, 1(2).\r\n[23] Ogundiya, I. S. (2009). Political corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical perspectives and some explanations. The Anthropologist, 11(4), 281-292.\r\n[24] Olivier de Sardan, J. P. (1999). A moral economy of corruption in Africa? Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(1), 25-52.\r\n[25] Orogun, P. S. (2010). Resource control, revenue allocation and petroleum politics in Nigeria: The Niger Delta Question. 75(5), 459-507.\r\n[26] Osaghae, E. E., Ikelegbe, A. O., Olarinmoye, O. O., &amp; Okhomina, S. I. (2011). Youth Militias, Self Determination, and Resource Control Struggles in the Niger-delta Region of Nigeria. Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa.\r\n[27] Rose-Ackerman, S. (1997). The political economy of corruption. Corruption and the global economy, 31, 60.\r\n[28] Rotimi, E. M., Obasaju, B. O., Lawal, A., &amp; Iseolorunkanmi, J. (2013). Analysis of corruption and economic growth in Nigeria. Analysis of corruption and economic growth in Nigeria, 4(4.2), 1-19.\r\n[29] Ryan, L. V. (2000). Combating corruption: The 21st-century ethical challenge. Business Ethics Quarterly, 331-338.\r\n[30] Sadiq, M. Y., &amp; Abdullahi, M. (2013). Corruption as the bane of Nigeria\u2019s development: Causes and remedies. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 4(1), 83-93.\r\n[31] Transparency International [TI] (2020). Country Data. Retrieved from: transparency.org\/en\/countries\/Nigeria#\r\n[32] Ugur, M., &amp; Dasgupta, N. (2011). Evidence on the economic growth impacts of corruption in low-income countries and beyond: a systematic review. EPPI-Centre Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.\r\n[33] Ukiwo, U. (2007). From \u201cpirates\u201d to \u201cmilitants\u201d: A historical perspective on anti-state and anti-oil company mobilization among the Ijaw of Warri, Western Niger Delta. African Affairs, 106(425), 587-610.\r\n[34] Uthman, A. B., Oke, L. A., Ajape, M. K., Abdul-Baki, Z., &amp; Tijani, M. O. (2015). Curbing financial crimes with anti-graft bureaus in Nigeria: The accountants&#8217; perception. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 14(1), 107.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adeniyi, D.S., &#8220;Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.632-636 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/632-636.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/632-636.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/corruption-in-the-nigerian-public-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Corruption in the Nigerian Public Sector<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ac1b0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23ac1b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ac28e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ac28e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ac40a\" data-id=\"23ac40a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ac526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ac526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ac5e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ac5e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23aca43\" data-id=\"23aca43\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23acb53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23acb53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23acbf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23acbf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23acd49\" data-id=\"23acd49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ace53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ace53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23acef0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23acef0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ad038\" data-id=\"23ad038\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ad148 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ad148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ad1e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ad1e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ad328\" data-id=\"23ad328\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ad432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ad432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ad4cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ad4cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ad636\" data-id=\"23ad636\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ad73f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ad73f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethical Considerations in the Nigerian Public Service and Governance<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adeniyi, D.S. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 637-641<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ad7e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ad7e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ad97a\" data-id=\"23ad97a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23adab1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23adab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The utility of ethics in governance and public service provides the framework for a common understanding between leaderships and citizens. While ethics dwells within the realm of morality, beneficence and good will, the empirical applications of its tenets tends to fostering accountability, integrity, and transparency in leaderships. The ethical conundrums encountered in developing nations like Nigeria are not only confounded by the individual-centric nature of morality and ethical practices, but also on the ethno-centric divisions existing within the polity. Many ill vices such as corruption and total disregard to the rule of law have been engendered within the Nigerian state due to the ethno-centric nature of the country, the chaos of leadership, and the sidelining of standard ethical practices. The failure of the Nigerian state at uniting her people has not been without a cost, however, in order to making progress and advancing among the committee of nations, citizens of Nigeria need to jettison their ethno-centric sentiments and imbibe a more nationalistic attitude. The educational system should be more transformative and reformative in its curriculum and approaches, the creation of anti-graft agencies should be more inclusive and consensus driven; and the regulatory and compliance mechanisms at following strictly the tasks and duties of the anti-graft agencies should be fully developed and imbibed. In addition, the punishment for corrupt practices should be more stringent and less accommodating. This review takes a critical look at the prime role ethics plays in the governance of a nation, and the chaos that sets in when leaderships jettison ethics and morality in their affairs. With regards to the Nigerian state, important recommendations are also given to help foster a more ethically and morally guided leadership and practices, in a bid to fostering a better society<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 637-641\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeniyi, D.S. <\/strong>\r\nAPIN Public Health Initiatives Ltd\/Gte. Nigeria\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abimbola, K. and Abimbola, T. (2011). Virtue-based Leadership in the United Kingdom and Nigeria. In: Millar C., Poole, E. (eds) Ethical Leadership. Palgrave MacMillan, London\r\n[2] Achebe, C. (1984). The Problem with Nigeria. Heinemann Educational Publishers, Oxford, Great Britain.\r\n[3] Adedayo, F.F. (2020). SERAP sues NCDC, Health Ministry over COVID-19 Donations. Retrieved from: healthwise.punchng.com\/serap-sues-ncdc-health-ministry-over-COVID-19-donations\/\r\n[4] Adekoya, F., Lawal, I., Oji, H. et al. (2020). Fuel price hits N143.80 per liter, labor fumes. Retrieved from: guardian.ng\/news\/fuel-price-hits-n148-80-per-litre-labour-fumes\/\r\n[5] Amaefule, L.I. and Umeaka, E.C. (2016). Combating Economic and Financial Crimes by the Anti-Graft Agencies in Nigeria: Implications on the Nation\u2019s Economic Growth and Development. International Journal of Innovative Development &amp; Policy Studies, 4(2): 8-33\r\n[6] Ayodeji, G.I. and Odukoya, S.I. (2014). Perception of Judicial Corruption: Assessing its Implications for Democratic Consolidation and Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 16(2), 67-80\r\n[7] Bello, M.I. (2012). Federal Character as a Recipe for National Integration: The Nigerian Paradox. International Journal of Politics &amp; Good Governance, 3(3), 1-17\r\n[8] Chonko, L. (2012). Ethical Theories. Retrieved from: dsef.org\/wp-contents\/uploads\/2012\/07\/Ethical Theories.pdf\r\n[9] Cowell, R., Downe, J., &amp; Morgan, K. (2011). The Ethical Framework for Local Governments in England: Is it having any effect and why? Public Management Review, 13(3), 433-457\r\n[10] Ebbe, O.N.I. (1999). Nigeria. Trends in Organized Crime. Issue 4, 29-59\r\n[11] Edewor, P., Aluko, Y.A., &amp; Folarin, S.F. (2014). Managing Ethnic and Cultural Diversity for National Integration in Nigeria. Developing Countries Studies, 4(6), 70-76\r\n[12] Eniayejuni, A. &amp; Ecvan, N.S. (2015). Nigeria: Corruption Arising from Bad Leadership. European Scientific Journal, 11(13)\r\n[13] Iroghama, P.I. (2012). Trust in Government: A Note from Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business &amp; Social Sciences, 2(6), 326-336\r\n[14] Kung, F.H. &amp; Huang, C.L. (2013). Auditors\u2019 Moral Philosophies and Ethical Beliefs. Management Decision, 51(3), 479-500\r\n[15] Lawton, A., Rayner, J., &amp; Lasthuizen, K. (2012). Ethics and Management in the Public Sector. (Routledge Masters in Public Management). London (UK): Routledge\r\n[16] Marshall, J.B. &amp; Murtala, A.M. (2015). Public Service in Nigeria \u2013 An Overview of Functions and Code of Conduct. Global Journal of Politics &amp; Law Research, 3(-1), 61-69\r\n[17] Niworu, S.M. (2010). Greed and Ascription as Challenges of Democratic Governance: The Nigerian Praxis. NASHERJ, 8(3), 27-32\r\n[18] Ochulor, C.L. (2011). Failure of Leadership in Nigeria. American Journal of Social &amp; Management Sciences, 2(3), 265-271\r\n[19] Ogbeidi, M.M. (2012). Political Leadership and Corruption in Nigeria since 1960: A Socio-economic Analysis. Journal of Nigerian Studies, 1(2), 1-25\r\n[20] Ogundiya, I.S. (2009). Political Corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical Perspectives and some Explanations. The Anthropologists, 11(4), 281-292\r\n[21] Ogundiya, I. S. (2010). Corruption: The bane of democratic stability in Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(4), 233-241.\r\n[22] Ojo, M.A. (2007). Pentecostal Movements, Islam and the Contest for Public Space in Northern Nigeria. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 18(2), 175-188\r\n[23] Oko, O. (2005). Seeking Justice in Traditional Societies: An Analysis of the Problems and Failures of the Judiciary in Nigeria. Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 31(1), Article 1\r\n[24] Omisore, B.O. &amp; Adeleke, O. (2015). Work Ethics, Values, Attitudes and Performance in the Nigerian Public Service: Issues, Challenges and the way Forward. Journal of Public Administration &amp; Governance, 5(1), 157-172\r\n[25] Onweme, M.S. (1982). Corruption in the Nigerian Police Force. In: Femi Odekunle (ed) Nigeria: Corruption in Development, being the proceedings of the Nigerian Anthropological and Sociological Association, held in Zaria, 111-116\r\n[26] Osakede, K., Ijimakinwa, S. Adesanya, T. et al. 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Retrieved from: transparency.org\/en\/countries\/Nigeria#\r\n[31] Udoh, E. and Egwaikhide, F.O. (2008). Exchange rate volatility, Inflation Uncertainty and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria. Botswana Journal of Economics, 5(7), 14-31\r\n[32] University of Texas Arlington [UTA] (2020). The Importance of Ethics in Public Administration. Retrieved from: academic partnerships.uta.edu\/articles\/public-administration\/the-importance-of-ethics-in-public-administration.aspx\r\n[33] Uzodike, O.U. and Maiangwa, B. (2012). Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria: Causal Factors and Central Problematic. African Renaissance, 9(1), 91-118(28)\r\n[34] Vareba, A.L., Nwinaene, V-P., Theophilus, S.B. et al. (2017). Internet Censorship and Freedom of Expression in Nigeria. Semantic Scholar, Doi: 10.20431\/2454-9479.0302004\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adeniyi, D.S. &#8220;Ethical Considerations in the Nigerian Public Service and Governance&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.637-641 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/637-641.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" 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aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/review-article-ethical-considerations-in-the-nigerian-public-service-and-governance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ethical Considerations in the Nigerian Public Service and Governance<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ae96b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23ae96b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-id=\"23af0ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23af212\" data-id=\"23af212\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23af322 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23af322\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23af3bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23af3bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23af521\" data-id=\"23af521\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23af630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23af630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23af6d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23af6d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23af82c\" data-id=\"23af82c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23af934 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23af934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23af9cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23af9cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23afb1f\" data-id=\"23afb1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23afc2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23afc2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23afcca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23afcca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23afe39\" data-id=\"23afe39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23aff4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23aff4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessing Early Childhood Education for Sustainable Development Towards Poverty Reduction in Lagos State<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr Dagunduro Olayinka &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 642-646<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23affe8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23affe8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b0168\" data-id=\"23b0168\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b0291 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23b0291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study sought to assess the place of Early Childhood Education for sustainable development towards poverty reduction in Lagos State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design where questionnaire was used to acquire necessary data for the research work. Population comprises of all teachers in Ibeju Lekki local government in Lagos State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select ten (ten) primary schools in which ten (10) teachers each were randomly chosen from the selected primary schools to make a total of one hundred ( 100) respondents for the study. Two (2) research hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha and data collected was analyzed using Chi-Square statistical tool. Findings revealed that the hypotheses constructed for the purpose of the study was rejected which means that there was significant impact on the challenges facing the effectiveness of Early Childhood Education in Nigeria and there was significant influence on the availability of teachers\u2019 experience\/qualification in handling the Early Childhood Care and Education and it was recommended that the level of government commitment to ECCE has to increase more than before, if the stated goals of this level of education are to be achieved. In order to achieve this, a regulatory body should be established under Universal Basic Education Board (UBE) to oversee the affairs of ECCE in Nigeria. The body should be at the federal, all states and all local government areas in the country, with more power given to the local government body since ECCE is meant to be community based education.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 642-646\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Dagunduro Olayinka <\/strong>\r\nLagos State University of Education, Noforija, Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Awino, N. L. (2014). Impact of supervision on the implementation of early childhood education curriculum in selected public pre-schools in Lang\u2019ata District, Nairobi. County Publication Ltd\r\n[2] Chukwbikem, P. E. I (2013). Resources for early childhood education. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(8), 161-172.\r\n[3] Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2013). National Policy on Education (NPE) Lagos, NERDC press.\r\n[4] Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2007). National early childhood curriculum for Ages 0-5 years. Lagos, NERDC Press.\r\n[5] Jibril, M. O. (2007). Teacher education in Nigeria: an overview. African Research Review. 1(2) 45-60\r\n[6] Nakpodia, E. D. (2011). Early childhood education: its policy formulation and implementation in Nigerian educational system. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 5(3), 159-163.\r\n[7] NAEYC (2007). Educational qualifications of programme administrators and teaching staff: building better futures for children and the profession.Kenya.Fulfil Publication\r\n[8] National Centre on Quality Teaching and Learning (2012). Choosing a preschool curriculum. Retrieved from\r\nhttps:\/\/eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov\/hslc\/tta-system\/teaching\/docs\/preschool-curriculum.pdf\r\n[9] NGA Centre for Best Practices (2010) Building an early childhood professional development system.Jos.Jones Publication Ltd\r\n[10] Oduolowu, E. A., &amp; Olowe, P. K. (2011). Government provision of early child care and education to preschool orphans in orphanages in Ibadan municipality. Research in Curriculum Studies, 6 (2) 23-45\r\n[11] Oguntuashe, K. (2010). Early child care and education as the foundation for the holistic development of the child in Nigeria. An inaugural lecture, University of Lagos.\r\n[12] Olowe, P. K., Kutelu, B. O., &amp; Majebi, O. I. (2014). Teaching social ethics in early childhood classrooms: A panacea for promoting peaceful Nigerian society. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(6.1), 263-268.\r\n[13] Osakwe, S. O. (2011). Repositioning early childhood education in Nigeria: the children&#8217;s theatre approach. Academic Research International Journal, 1(2)33-56\r\n[14] Osanyin, A. (2012). Once upon a child. an inaugural lecture, University of Lagos.\r\n[15] Sooter, T. (2013). Early childhood education in Nigeria: Issues and problems. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3(5) 34-57\r\n[16] UNESCO International Bureau of Education (2006), Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programmes.Lagos,Nigeria\r\n[17] Wikipedia (2017): Early Childhood Education. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early childhood education on 15\/02\/2017\r\n[18] National Centre on Quality Teaching and Learning (2012). Choosing a preschool curriculum. Retrieved from\r\nhttps:\/\/eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov\/hslc\/tta-system\/teaching\/docs\/preschool-curriculum.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Dagunduro Olayinka &#8220;Assessing Early Childhood Education for Sustainable Development Towards Poverty Reduction in Lagos State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.642-646 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/642-646.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/642-646.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessing-early-childhood-education-for-sustainable-development-towards-poverty-reduction-in-lagos-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessing Early Childhood Education for Sustainable Development Towards Poverty Reduction in Lagos State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b1070 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23b1070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b1137 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b1137\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b12ae\" data-id=\"23b12ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b14bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b14bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b1588 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b1588\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b16f7\" data-id=\"23b16f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b1813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b1813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b18b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b18b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b1a06\" data-id=\"23b1a06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b1b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b1b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b1bb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b1bb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b1d08\" data-id=\"23b1d08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b1e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b1e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b1eb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b1eb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b2020\" data-id=\"23b2020\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b2128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b2128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b21cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b21cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b2314\" data-id=\"23b2314\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b2429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b2429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b24c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b24c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b2638\" data-id=\"23b2638\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b2753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b2753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Making Their Voices Heard: The Experiences of Children Born Outside of Marriage<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Frimever T. Engo, Realuz B. Castro, Ariel E. San Jose &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 647-654<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b27f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b27f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b296d\" data-id=\"23b296d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b2aa4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23b2aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis qualitative-phenomenological study investigated the experiences of children born outside of marriage. The Snowball sampling technique was utilized in selecting the 10 participants. A structured interview script was developed to gather the information. Results revealed that the challenges encountered by children born outside of marriage include discrimination, social stigma, difficulty, and abandonment. Moreover, their coping strategies included forgiveness, a positive mindset, and determination. Furthermore, for their voices to be heard, they proposed that the government may provide them with counselling, implement the No Discrimination Law, and provide free education. Finally, the significant experience that they could share included forgiveness, resentment, a sense of responsibility, and resilience\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 647-654\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Frimever T. Engo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Human Service, Southern Philippines, Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology,\r\nMalita, Davao Occidental, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Realuz B. Castro<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Human Service, Southern Philippines, Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology,\r\nMalita, Davao Occidental, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ariel E. San Jose<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Human Service, Southern Philippines, Agribusiness and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology,\r\nMalita, Davao Occidental, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Gagnon, J. D. (2018). Bastard daughters in the ivory tower: Illegitimacy and the higher education experiences of the daughters of single mothers in the U.K. Teaching in higher education, 23(5), 563-575.\r\n[2] Philippine Statistics Authority (2020). Characteristics of low-income families in the Philippines (findings from the annual poverty indicators survey), reference number: 503.\r\n[3] Torres-Tupas, T. (2019). Expert says more children born out of wedlock in Ph. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from https:\/\/newsinfo.inquirer. Net\/1160517\/expert-says-more-childrenborn-out-of-wedlock-in-ph#ixzz73x5dwpzr.\r\n[4] Ordinario, C. (2021). PSA data shows the majority of babies born before the pandemic were illegitimate. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https:\/\/businessmirror.com.ph\/2021\/02\/01\/psa-data-showsmajority-of-babies-born-before-pandemic-illegitimate\/.\r\n[5] Philippine Statistics Office (2018). Births in the Philippines. Retrieved January 05, 2022 from https:\/\/psa.gov.ph\/vital statistics\/id\/144897.\r\n[6] Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R. &amp; Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of management annals, 11(1), 479-516.\r\n[7] Siddiqui, D. A. (2021). Forgoing self-interest is self-interest: Association between selflessness, depositional mindfulness, and psychological well-being complemented by emotional regulation.\r\n[8] Chan, A. K. W., Ngan, L. L. S., Wong, A. K. &amp; Chan, W. S. (2017). Border matters in discussions of cross-border students. Social transformations in Chinese societies.\r\n[9] Haney, K. (2004). Gomez v. Perez: Mitigating the stigma of illegitimacy. J. Contemp. Legal issues, 14, 363.\r\n[10] Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T. &amp; Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 90.\r\n[11] Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among the five approaches. Thousand oaks, ca: Sage publications, inc. (pp. 77-83).\r\n[12] Connelly, L. M. (2010). What is phenomenology? Medsurg Nursing, 19(2), 127-129.\r\n[13] Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. (pp. 135-136).\r\n[14] Ghaljaie, F., Naderifar, M. &amp; Goli, H. (2017). Snowball sampling: A purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in development of medical education, 14(3).\r\n[15] Ellis, P. (2018). Understanding research for nursing students. Learning matters.\r\n[16] Brinkman, S. &amp; Kvale, N. (2014). Unstructured and semi-structured interviewing. The oxford handbook of qualitative research. 277- 299.\r\n[17] DILG Local Government Unit Profile (2013). History of the province of Davao Occidental. Retrieved January 03, 2022, from https:\/\/lgu201.dilg.gov.ph\/view.php?R=11&amp;p=86&amp;m=03.\r\n[18] Caulfield, J. (2019). How to do thematic analysis. Retrieved January 07, 2022, from https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/methodology\/thematic analysis\r\n[19] San Jose, A. E., &amp; Mortos, A. R. (2017). Am i my brother&#8217;s keeper? Buddy approach in improving students&#8217; attendance. International Journal of English Research, 3(3), 46-51.\r\n[20] Kieger, M. &amp; Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: Amee guide no. 131. Medical Teacher, 42. 1-9. 10.1080\/0142159x.2020.1755030.\r\n[21] Belotto, M. (2018). Data analysis methods for qualitative research: Managing coding challenges, inter-rater reliability, and thematic analysis. The Qualitative Report.\r\n[22] Bree, R. &amp; Gallagher, G. (2016). Using Microsoft excel to code and thematically analyze qualitative data: A simple, cost-effective approach. Aishe-j: All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 8(2). Retrieved January 10, 2022, from http:\/\/ojs.aishe.org\/index.php\/aishe-j\/article\/view\/281\/467 .74\r\n[23] Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. &amp; Salda\u00f1a (2018). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage publications.\r\n[24] Nasution, M. (2022). Parenting for children born out of wedlock. In proceeding International Seminar of Islamic Studies vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1207-1213).\r\n[25] Rabanal, M. A. S. (2020). Academic struggles and hitches: Listening to children born out of wedlock voices. Solid State Technology, 63(5), 1983-1998.\r\n[26] Stith, K. (2000). Sentencing Guidelines: Where We Are and How We Got Here. Saint Louis University Law Journal, 44(2), 11.\r\n[27] Maldonado, S. (2011). Illegitimate harm: law, stigma, and discrimination against nonmarital children. Fla. L. Rev., 63, 345.\r\n[28] Rogayan Jr D. V., &amp; Reusia, D. H. R. (2021). Teaching Internship from the Metaphorical Lens of Filipino Prospective Teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 798-806.\r\n[29] Hardecker, D. J., &amp; Haun, D. B. (2020). Approaching the development of hurt feelings in childhood. New ideas in psychology, 59, 100796.\r\n[30] Thomsen, T. (2013). Die entwicklung der entwicklungs regulation. Funktionalit\u00e4t, entwicklung und entwicklungsbedingungen akkommodativer regulation im kindes &amp; jugendalter (doctoral dissertation, stiftung universit\u00e4t hildesheim).\r\n[31] Tlapu, G. S. (2010). Exploration of psychosocial coping strategies towards parental role-changes in single parenthood among Montsiwa Stad Clinic parents in Mafikeng North West province (doctoral dissertation, north-west university (South Africa).\r\n[32] Chundawat, d. S. (2018). Positive attitude and self-esteem: Key to mental health. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 8(4), 555-558.\r\n[33] Rigby, C. S. &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2018). Self-determination theory in human resource development: New directions and practical considerations. Advances in developing human resources, 20(2), 133-147.\r\n[34] Hu\u00e9scar-Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Cid, L., Monteiro, D. &amp; Rodrigues, F. (2020). Passion or perseverance? The effect of perceived autonomy support and grit on academic performance in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2143.\r\n[35] Yaumas, E. N., Syafril, S., Noor, N. M., Mahmud, Z., Umar, J., Wekke, I. S. &amp; Rahayu, T. (2018). The importance of counselling basic skills for the counsellors. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(18), 1195-1207\r\n[36] Roslan, A. N., Aziz, N. S. A. A. &amp; Shaharudin, F. I. M. (2021). Discrimination against an illegitimate child according to law and society.\r\n[37] Asuncion, E. J. V., &amp; Tullao Jr, T. S. (2018). Evaluation of unified student financial assistance system in tertiary education (UNIFAST) in addressing capital market imperfection in the Philippines, working paper series 2018-02-049, Manila, Philippines: Angelo king institute for economic and business studies, De la Salle University.\r\n[38] Republic Act No. 10687 (2015). An act provides a comprehensive and unified student financial assistance system for tertiary education (unifast), rationalizing access to that and appropriating funds for other purposes. https:\/\/www.lawphil.net\/statutes\/repacts\/ra2015\/ra_10687_2015.html\r\n[39] Purigay, G. D. (2020). Assessment on the implementation of unified student financial assistance system for tertiary education (UNIFAST): Basis for a proposed action. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(3), 54-63.\r\n[40] Hurley, K. (2020). What is resilience? Your guide to facing life&#8217;s challenges, adversities, and crises. Everyday health.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Frimever T. Engo, Realuz B. Castro, Ariel E. San Jose , &#8220;Making Their Voices Heard: The Experiences of Children Born Outside of Marriage&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.647-654 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/647-654.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/647-654.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/making-their-voices-heard-the-experiences-of-children-born-outside-of-marriage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Making Their Voices Heard: The Experiences of Children Born Outside of Marriage<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b38b5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23b38b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b403e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b403e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b40fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b40fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b424d\" data-id=\"23b424d\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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elementor-element elementor-element-23b484c\" data-id=\"23b484c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b4957 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b4957\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b49f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b49f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b4b3f\" data-id=\"23b4b3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b4c40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b4c40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b4cde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b4cde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b4e4d\" data-id=\"23b4e4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b4f6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b4f6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Vulnerability and Resilience for Second Hand Clothes Informal Traders in The Wake of Covid-19 Lockdown Restrictions in Mkoba South, Gweru (2019-2021)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kashiri Innocent Taurai and Mushaka Charles &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 655-662<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b5013 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b5013\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b51a5\" data-id=\"23b51a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b52e6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23b52e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The premise of this study was anchored on vulnerability and resilience mechanisms faced by second hand clothes informal traders in the wake of covid-19 lockdown restrictions in Mkoba South, Gweru from 2019 to 2021. Its main objectives were: to explore the vulnerability of second hand clothes informal traders\u2019 in adapting to the Covid 19 lockdown restrictions and to explore the resilience mechanisms utilized. An interpretive research paradigm triangulated by a phenomenological research design was adopted. Interviews and non-participant observations were used as the main data gathering instruments. The overall findings from the study revealed that the second hand clothes informal traders were vulnerable. The vulnerabilities included fear and stress; lack of government support; reduced profits and harassment by municipal and national police. Due to the above vulnerabilities, the second hand clothes informal traders developed resilience mechanisms which include selling from home; moving door to door; selling to familiar customers, friends and relatives on credit; use of Whatsapp to advertise; bribing municipal and national police; use of cross-border transporters\/malaitsha for supplies and many more. The resilience mechanisms were all largely effective in in ensuring business survival and sustainable livelihoods. The study recommended that a wider multi-stakeholder consultation in the promulgation of policies to control health pandemics like the Covid 19 in the future be instituted. There is also need for capacity building to the informal traders on general business management and contemporary trends in business marketing using technology as well as helping the second hand clothes informal traders to move from the \u2018informal\u2019 tag to formality through registering of their businesses.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 655-662\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kashiri Innocent Taurai <\/strong>\r\nMinistry Women Affairs, Community, Small and Medium Enterprise Development, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe\r\nCooperatives and SMEs Development Department<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mushaka Charles <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Development Studies, Zimbabwe Open University, Midlands Campus, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Baden S. and Barber C. (2005). The impact of the second-hand clothing trade on developing countries. Oxfam.\r\n[2] Becker, K.F. (2004). The Informal Economy: A Fact Finding Study. Swedish International Development Agency (Sida), Department for Infrastructure and Economic Co-operation.\r\n[3] Bouey J. (2020). Assessment of COVID-19\u2019s Impact on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Implications from China. The RAND Corporation.\r\n[4] Borg W.R and Gall D.G. (2000). Educational Research: An Introduction. David Marck Company, New York.\r\n[5] Chagonda, T. (2020, 12 April). \u2018Zimbabwe\u2019s shattered economy poses a serious challenge to fighting COVID-19.\u2019 The Conversation.\r\n[6] Chambers, R and Conway, G.R. (1991). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. IDS discussion paper 296.\r\n[7] Creswell, J. W., and Miller, D. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 124\u2013130.\r\n[8] Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd Ed.). London: SAGE Publications.\r\n[9] Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative and mixed methods approaches. London: SAGE.\r\n[10] Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.\r\n[11] Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ED). London: SAGE Publications.\r\n[12] Department for International Development (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: Department for International Development.\r\n[13] Dube, G. and Casale, D. (2019). \u2018Informal sector taxes and equity: Evidence from presumptive taxation in Zimbabwe.\u2019 Development Policy Review, 37(1), 47\u201366.\r\n[14] Fraenkle J.R. and Wallen N.E. (2003). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw Hill, Boston.\r\n[15] Giorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology: A modified Husserlian approach. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.\r\n[16] Government of Zimbabwe (2020). Public Health (COVID-19 Prevention, Containment and Treatment) (National Lockdown) (Amendment) Order, 2020 (No. 5). Statutory Instrument 99 of 2020. [CAP. 15:17]. Harare: Government Printer.\r\n[17] Guba, E. G., and Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin, &amp; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). London: Sage.\r\n[18] Gukurume S. and Oosterom M. (2020). The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on Zimbabwe\u2019s informal economy. Institute of Development Studies.\r\n[19] Hoorens S., Hocking L. and Fays C. (2020). How small businesses are coping with the impact of COVID-19: Results from a survey in Turkey and the Middle East. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge.\r\n[20] International Monetary Fund (2020). \u2018Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia.\u2019 https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/REO\/MECA\/Issues\/regional-economic-outlook-middle-east-central-asia-report\r\n[21] Kiaka, R., et al, (2021) \u201cThe street is ours\u201d: A comparative analysis of street trading, Covid-19 and new street geographies in Harare, Zimbabwe and Kisumu, Kenya in Food Sec. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12571-021-01162-y.\r\n[22] Levenson, M. (2020). \u2018Scale of China\u2019s Wuhan Shutdown is believed to be without Precedent\u2019. The New York Times. 2 January 2020. ISSN 0362-4331.\r\n[23] Lee, Y. J. and Greene, J. (2007). \u2018The predictive validity of an ESL placement test: A mixed methods approach\u2019. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(4), 366\u2013389.\r\n[24] Liu Y., Cooper C.L. and Tarba S.Y. (2019). \u2018Resilience, Wellbeing and HRM: A multidisciplinary perspective\u2019. In International Journal of Human Resources Management, 30 (8).\r\n[25] Machivenyika, F. (2020, 2 May). \u2018President extends lockdown, but firms to reopen,\u2019 The Herald. [News article] Retrieved from https:\/\/www.herald.co.zw\r\n[26] Mackworth-Young C.R.S et al, (2020). \u2018Community perspectives on the COVID-19 response, Zimbabwe\u2019. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Article ID: BLT.20.260224.\r\n[27] Mago W. (2018). Understanding sustainable livelihood strategies of informal traders: A case of Mount Frere, Eastern Cape. Centre for Development Support. University of the Free State. PhD Thesis. Bloemfontein.\r\n[28] Meaney-Davis, J. (2020). The financial and economic impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. Disability Inclusion Helpdesk Report No. 42, Disability Inclusive Development programme.\r\n[29] Mashapure R., Hamunakwadi P., Chavunduka D. and Chikazhe L. (2021). Socio-Economic Implications ofCovid19 Pandemic to Women Entrepreneurs: A Case of the Informal Sector in Zimbabwe. In Business Management and Strategy. ISSN 2157-6068, Vol. 12, No. 1.\r\n[30] Neuman, W. L. (2009). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn &amp; Bacon.\r\n[31] OECD\/ILO (2019), Tackling Vulnerability in the Informal Economy, Development Centre Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris.\r\n[32] Price, R.A. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 regulatory measures on small-scale and informal trade in Zimbabwe. K4D Helpdesk Report 815-816. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.\r\n[33] Scoones, I. (2020a, 27 March). \u2018Surviving COVID-19: Fragility, Resilience and Inequality in Zimbabwe,\u2019 African Arguments, Debating Ideas. [Blog]\r\n[34] Schwettmann J. (2020). Covid-19 and the informal economy: Impact and Response Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Friedrich Ebert. Africa Department.\r\n[35] Shaikh H. (2020). Responding to the impacts of COVID-19 on informal workers in South Asia. The International Growth Centre (IGC).\r\n[36] Tamukamoyo, H. (2009). Survival in a collapsing economy: A case study of informal trading at a Zimbabwean flea market. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand.\r\n[37] WHO \u2013 World Health Organization (2020a) \u2018Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\u2019. Situation Report 1. Geneva: WHO.\r\n[38] World Health Organization (2020). Maintaining essential health services during the Covid 19 outbreak. Geneva, Switzerland.\r\n[39] Worldometers (2020a). Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\r\n[40] Worldometers (2020b). Zimbabwe.https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/zimbabwe\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kashiri Innocent Taurai and Mushaka Charles &#8220;Vulnerability and Resilience for Second Hand Clothes Informal Traders in The Wake of Covid-19 Lockdown Restrictions in Mkoba South, Gweru (2019-2021)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.655-662 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/655-662.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/655-662.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/vulnerability-and-resilience-for-second-hand-clothes-informal-traders-in-the-wake-of-covid-19-lockdown-restrictions-in-mkoba-south-gweru-2019-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Vulnerability and Resilience for Second Hand Clothes Informal Traders in The Wake of Covid-19 Lockdown Restrictions in Mkoba South, Gweru (2019-2021)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b614a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23b614a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b6743 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b6743\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b68f9\" data-id=\"23b68f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b6a2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b6a2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b6ad7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b6ad7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b6c44\" data-id=\"23b6c44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b6d64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b6d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b6e0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b6e0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b6f67\" data-id=\"23b6f67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b7084 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b7084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b7129 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b7129\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b7291\" data-id=\"23b7291\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b73b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b73b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b745d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b745d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b75c7\" data-id=\"23b75c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b76ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b76ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b7798 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b7798\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b78fa\" data-id=\"23b78fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b7a0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b7a0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b7ab2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b7ab2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b7c23\" data-id=\"23b7c23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b7d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23b7d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Female Entrepreneurship: A Driver of Socio-Economic Activities<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Aderinsola E. Kayode; Suleman Yakubu and Prof. Fulufhelo G. Netswera &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 663-666<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b7dd8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b7dd8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b7f54\" data-id=\"23b7f54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b80a1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23b80a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study was carried out on \u2018Female Entrepreneurship: A Driver of Socio-Economic Activities\u2019. It is the desire of every nation to be economically vibrant, not just to meet the needs of its citizens but to also be exporter of knowledge (services), technologies and other products. However, achieving these desires has been a challenge to many nations, especially the African context. In no doubt, there are many different ways a nation can achieve the aforementioned. One of such notable ways is through entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial activities on the other hand, despite its importance and role in the improvement of economic conditions of nations, many nations have failed to provide that needed atmosphere to drive it. Furthermore, an aspect of entrepreneurial activity that has suffered so many setbacks in past decades is female-entrepreneurship. Following the crude notion held by people, especially in developing countries about females owning and carrying out businesses just like their male counterpart, from time immemorial until some past decades, really affected the number of women in business, which in turn, also affected their impact on the economy. Furthermore, lack of favourable environment in the form of laws, technical know-how among others, also constituted obstacle. The economic value of female entrepreneurship has been revealed by the current study and recommendation for some key factors that will provide the pace for female entrepreneurship.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 663-666\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Barnabas Gogo Pepple<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Petroleum Marketing and Business Studies, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Bonny Island, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gladys Jumbo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nSchool of Continuing Education, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Bonny Island, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iwowari Bernice Gentle Abbey<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas Bonny Island, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Acs, Z.J., and Armington, C.B. (2006). Entrepreneurship, geography and American growth. N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[2] Anderson, A. R., Dodd, S. D. And Jack, S. L., (2012). Entrepreneurship as connecting: some implications for theorising and practice. Management Decision, 50(5), pp. 958-971.\r\n[3] Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. And Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), pp. 105-23.\r\n[4] Ascher J. (2012). Female Entrepreneurship \u2013 An Appropriate Response to Gender Discrimination Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 8(4), 97-114\r\n[5] Cadieux, L., Lorrain, J., and Hugron, P. (2002). La succession dans les entreprises familiales dirig\u00e9es par les femmes: un probl\u00e9matque en quete de chercheurs. Revue international P.M.E. 15(1) 115\u201313\r\n[6] Cardella G. M., Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez B. R. and S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda J. C. (2020). 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Perfect bound\r\n[12] Eddleston, K. and Powell, G. 2008. The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners career satisfier preferences, Journal of Business Venturing, 23, pp. 244-56.\r\n[13] Eisenhert, M. (1991). Conceptual framework for research circa 1991: Ideas from the cultural anthropologist; implications for mathematics education researchers. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting North American Paper of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.\r\n[14] Fetsch, E.; Jackson, C. &amp; Wiens, J. (2015). Women Entrepreneurs are Key to Accelerating Growth. Kauffman Foundation.\r\n[15] GEM (2015). Women Entrepreneurs Special Report, Available:www.babson.edu\/Academics\/centers\/gem\r\n[16] Glanz, K. (2017). Social and behavioral theories. Behavioral and Social Sciences Research. Accessed online at: www.esourceresearch.org\/Portals\/)\/Uploads\/Documents\/Public\/Glanz_FullChapter.pdf\r\n[17] Hechevarr\u00eda, D., Bullough, A., Brush, C., and Edelman, L. (2019). High-growth women\u2019s entrepreneurship: fueling social and economic development. J. Small Business Management. 57, 5\u201313.\r\n[18] Hisrich. R. D. (1996) Entrepreneurship Intraprenuership and Venture Capital; Lexington: Lexington book.\r\n[19] Holmquist, C., and Sundin, E. (1988). Women as entrepreneurs in Sweden: Conclusions from a survey. Wellesley, MA: Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 643\u2013653.\r\n[20] Jacard, J. &amp; Jacob, J. (2010). Theory construction and model-building skills: A practical guide for social scientists. New York, NY: Guilford Press\r\n[21] Julien, P. (1992). Small Businesses as a Research Subject: Some Reflections on Knowledge of Small Businesses and Its Effects on Economic Theory, Small Business Economics. 5: pp. 157-166.\r\n[22] Kelly, D.J., Brush, C.G., Greene, P.G., and Litovsky, Y. (2011). Women entrepreneurship worldwide. (Executive Report). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM).\r\n[23] Kerlinger, F. N. and Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of Behavioural Research. 4th edn. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2000\r\n[24] Kivunja C. (2018). Distinguishing Between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework: A Systematic Review of Lessons from the Field. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), ISSN 1927-6044.\r\n[25] Lawan, U. (2017). Female Entrepreneurship in Nigeria: An Investigation. Robert Gordon University Aberdeen, Ph.D. Thesis. Held on OpenAir [online]. Available from https:\/\/openair .rgu.ac.uk\r\n[26] Manolova, T.S., Brush, G.B., and Edelman, L.F. (2008). What do woman entrepreneurs want? Strategic Change, 17, 69\u201382.\r\n[27] Minniti, M., and Arenius, P. (2003). Women entrepreneurship. First Annual Entrepreneurship Symposium, U.N. Head Quarters\r\n[28] Noguera, M., \u00c1lvarez, C., and Urbano, D. (2013). Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneurship. Intern. Entrepreneurship Managem. J. 9, 183\u2013198\r\n[29] Okafor, C. And Mordi, C. (2010). Women Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria: Effect of Environmental Factors, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti Bulletin, Vol. LXII, No. 4, pp.42-52.\r\n[30] Orhan, M., and Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: An explanatory model. Women Management Review, 16 (5\/6) 232 \u2013 243.\r\n[31] Penrose (1963). in Putari, V. (2006). \u201cRe: Evolution of Entrepreneurship\u201d. March, 2nd. Evolution-entrepreneurship.\r\n[32] Pepple, B. G., Orumbie, B. and Wilcox, K. A. (2022). Human Capital Development as Catalyst for Increased Organization Performance: The Necessity. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 5(7), 272-277.\r\n[33] Pepple B. G., Wilcox K. A. and Orumbie B. (2021). Entrepreneurial Skills as The Vehicle For Nation Building: The Nigeria\u2019s Perspective. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 4(8), 78-84\r\n[34] Simonin, M. (2006). Women entrepreneurship. Business Strategy and International Business, Helsinki University of Technology, 91\u2013167.\r\n[35] Stevenson, H., Roberts, M. and Grosbeck I (1989). New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur, 3rd ed., Homewood, IL: Irwin.\r\n[36] Reynolds, P.D., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L. W., and Hay, M (2002). Global entrepreneurship monitor (Executive Report).\r\n[37] Ufuk, H., and Ozgen, O. (2001). The profile of women entrepreneurs: A sample from Turkey. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 25 (4) 299\u2013308.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Aderinsola E. Kayode; Suleman Yakubu and Prof. Fulufhelo G. Netswera, &#8220;Female Entrepreneurship: A Driver of Socio-Economic Activities&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.663-666 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/663-666.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/663-666.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/female-entrepreneurship-a-driver-of-socio-economic-activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Female Entrepreneurship: A Driver of Socio-Economic Activities<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23b8f16 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23b8f16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ba0a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ba0a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ba13e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ba13e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ba281\" data-id=\"23ba281\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ba394 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ba394\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ba439 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ba439\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ba5a4\" data-id=\"23ba5a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ba6b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ba6b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Emancipation of Youths in Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Aderinsola E. Kayode; Suleman Yakubu and Prof. Fulufhelo G. Netswera &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 667-671<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ba751 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ba751\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ba8d5\" data-id=\"23ba8d5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23baa11 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23baa11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The primary aim of every citizen in any nation of the world is to be economically emancipated, as it enables one to be self-reliant rather than depending on parents, guardians or government for survival. However, the majority of Nigerian youths are living in abject poverty compared to their counterparts in developed countries. In an attempt to find a solution to the problem of acute poverty, this study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurship, education and the economic emancipation of youths in the Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A sample of 350 respondents was selected through the purposive sampling technique. Three hypotheses were tested. A self-designed online survey questionnaire titled \u201cEntrepreneurship Education and Economic Emancipation Questionnaire (EEEEQ)\u201d was administered and used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and multiple regression analysis were the statistical tools employed for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant relationship between entrepreneurship knowledge and economic emancipation among youths in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria (r=0.78, p&lt;0.05). It was also shown that entrepreneurial skills and economic emancipation among youths in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria were significantly related (r=0.63, p&lt;0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that more emphasis should be given to entrepreneurial skill acquisition and to the adequate provision of learning tools and materials. Government should also make available grants for youth with potential to demonstrate and maximize their acquired entrepreneurial knowledge and skills.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 667-671\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6740<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Aderinsola E. Kayode <\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Management Science, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Suleman Yakubu <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Fulufhelo G. Netswera <\/strong>\r\nFaculty of Management Science, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abang, S. O., Akpan, E. E., Uko, S. U., Ajayi, F. O. &amp; Odunekan, A. E. (2021). COVID 19 protest movement and its aftermath effect on the Nigerian state. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, (19), 7-18.\r\n[2] Ayanyemi, A. K. (2018). Makeover of learning factors in Nigeria Public Technical Colleges for effective skill acquisition, youth employment and sustainable national development. African Journal of Educational Management, 19(1), 61-78.\r\n[3] Charney, A. &amp; Libecap, D. B. (2000). The impact of entrepreneurship education: An education of the Berger entrepreneurship programme at the University of Arizona, 1985-1999. The Kauffman Centre for Entrepreneurial Leadership.\r\n[4] Coetzee, M., Bergh, Z. C. &amp; Schreuder, A. M. G. (2010). Career orientations and psychological career resources predictors of subjective work experiences. [Unpublished research report]. Department of Industrial and Organisation Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n[5] Ede, M. O. (2014). Vocational counselling, value orientation and entrepreneurship skill acquisition of secondary school students in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria [Unpublished master\u2019s thesis]. University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[6] Egbefo, D. O. &amp; Abe, M.O. (2017). Entrepreneurship education: A vital instrument for youth empowerment, industrial development and consolidation of national integration in Nigeria. African Research Review. An International Multi-disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 11(1), 28-48.\r\n[7] Ekong, U. M. &amp; Ekong, C. U. (2016). Skills acquisition and unemployment reduction in Nigeria: A case study of National Directorate of Employment (NDE) in Akwa-Ibom State. International Journal of Economics and Management Science, 5(4), 1-10.\r\n[8] Evans, D. S. &amp; Jovanovic, B. (1989). An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 97(4), 808-827.\r\n[9] Ezenwagu, S. A., Ughamadu, U., Ede, M. O. &amp; Ugwoke, S. C. (2016). School plant management as a predictor of entrepreneurship skills acquisition of in-school adolescents in technical colleges in Anambra State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 735-743.\r\n[10] Hafid, R. (2016). The influence of entrepreneurship education in campus environment and entrepreneurship workshop towards entrepreneurial attitudes (a case study on a group of students of the entrepreneurial program). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(11), 121-125.\r\n[11] Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The effects of an entrepreneurship program on need forachiement and locus of control of reinforcement. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Behaviour and Research, 4(1), 28-50.\r\n[12] Jack, S. L. &amp; Anderson, A. R. (1999). Entrepreneurship education within the enterprise culture: Producing reflective practitioners, International Journal of Entrepreneurship Behaviour &amp; Research, 5(3), 110-125.\r\n[13] Massad, V. J. &amp; Tucker, J. M. (2009). Using student managed businesses to integrate the business curriculum, Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 17-29.\r\n[14] Nafukho, F.M. (2005). Entrepreneurial skills development programmes for unemployed youth in Africa. Journal of Small Business Management,\r\n[15] National Bureau of Statistics (2020). 13.9 million Nigerian youth are unemployed. https:\/\/nairametrics.com\r\n[16] Ogbondah, L. &amp; Nwogu, G. A. I. (2017). Entrepreneurship education and sustainable youth empowerment in Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 3(2), 43-53.\r\n[17] Okoli, D. I. &amp; Okoli, I. E. N. (2013). Youth empowerment through entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 3(9), 147-153.\r\n[18] Olaleye, Y. L. (2019). Effects of youth unemployment on socio-economic development in contemporary Nigeria. 6, 61-71. file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/User\/Downloads\/EffectsofYouthUnemploymentonSocio-economicDevelopmentinContemporaryNigeria.pdf\r\n[19] Osaat, S. D. (2012). The Concept and policy of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria: A thematic approach, African Journal of Historical Science in Education, 8(1), 54-64.\r\n[20] Osuji, C. U. &amp; Koko, M. N. (2018, July 14-20). Managing secondary education in Nigeria for global citizenship and economic emancipation. [Paper Presentation]. WCCI 18th World Conference in Education, Rome, Italy. https:\/\/researchgate.net\/publication329268117.\r\n[21] Othman, N. H. &amp; Ishak, S. B. (2009). Attitude toward choosing a career in entrepreneurship amongst graduates. European Journal of Social Sciences. 10(3), 419-434.\r\n[22] Oyewumi, A. M. (2003). Effects of teacher and model directed instructional strategies on career decision-making skills of adolescent with hearing impairment in Oyo State [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of Ibadan.\r\n[23] Oyewumi, A. &amp; Adeniyi, S. O. (2013). Economic empowerment of every citizen is the solution to widespread poverty, unemployment, and global economic downturn. An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 7(3), 127-142.\r\n[24] Tshikovhi, N. &amp; Shambare, R. (2015). Entrepreneurial knowledge, personal attitudes, and entrepreneurship intentions among South African Enactus students. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 13(1), 152-158.\r\n[25] Uduma, M. K. (2004). An introduction to entrepreneurship in vocational agricultural education in Nigeria. Sogar Printers.\r\n[26] UNOWA (2005). Youth unemployment and regional insecurity in West Africa.\r\n[27] Williams, P. S. (2006). Poverty and its alleviation: The Nigerian experience, Journal of International Social Work, 5(4),70-79.\r\n[28] Yousaf, U., Ali, S. A., Ahmed, M., Usman, B., &amp; Sameer, I. (2021). From entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention: a sequential mediation of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude. International Journal of Innovation Science.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Aderinsola E. Kayode; Suleman Yakubu and Prof. Fulufhelo G. Netswera &#8220;Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Emancipation of Youths in Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.667-671 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6740<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/667-671.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/entrepreneurship-education-and-economic-emancipation-of-youths-in-oyo-state-nigeria-west-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Emancipation of Youths in Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bb84e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23bb84e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bc338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bc3db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bc3db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bc525\" data-id=\"23bc525\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bc933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bc933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bc9d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bc9d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bcb24\" data-id=\"23bcb24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bcc30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bcc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bccce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bccce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bce41\" data-id=\"23bce41\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bcf5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bcf5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Integrated Personnel Payroll and Information System (IPPIS) on the Job Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Adi Daniel Ph.D &amp; Cletus Edoh Ph.D &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 672-678<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bcffc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bcffc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bd17b\" data-id=\"23bd17b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bd2a1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23bd2a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated impact of Integrated personnel Payroll and Information System (IPPIS) on the job performance of non-academic staff in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and three hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design, and was carried out in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised 1384 staff of Federal University Wukari. The sample size for the study comprised 310 Bursary staff obtained from the use of Taro Yamane formula for sample size determination. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha statistic and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained. The data was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. Chi-Square Statistic to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that; use of IPPIS to detect illegal transfer of service, reactivation of appointments and inflation of contract helps to eliminates corrupt and sharp practices by non-academic staff enhances their productivity. Also, the findings further showed that prompt remittance of employees\u2019 pension plans, healthcare benefit packages and employees\u2019 insurance via IPPIS positively impact on their job productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommendations that; Federal Government should enforce the full implementation of IPPIS to detect and eliminates corrupt and sharp practices often perpetuated by non-academic staff. Federal Government should sensitize the office of the Accountant General of the Federation on the need to fully deploy modern scientific budgetary preparation so as to enable them detect budget paddling and fabrication of accounts among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 672-678\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adi Daniel Ph.D <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cletus Edoh Ph.D <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agboola, T. O., (2018), effectiveness of integrated personnel and payroll information system in addressing ghost worker syndrome in Nigerian Public Sector, Global Journal of Human-Social Science: H Interdisciplinary, 18(2):20-30.\r\n[2] Enakirerhi, L.I. and Temile, S.O., (2017). Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System in Nigeria: challenges, benefits and prospects, international Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2(5):3490-3497.\r\n[3] Farajimakin, A. S., Anichebe, A. S. (2017). Effect of Integrated Personnel Payroll Information System on employee welfare: evidence from federal ministries in Nigeria, Australian Journal of Arts and Scientific Research 22(1):1-143.\r\n[4] Ibanichuka, E. A. L. and Sawyer, M.E., (2019). Integrated Payroll System and Information System on government recurrent expenditure in Nigeria, International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Economic Evaluation, 5(4): 16-37.\r\n[5] Leyira C. M. and Temple, M., (2018). IPPIS and the ghost workers\u2019 syndrome in nigeria\u2019s public sector, Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management (SJEBM)doi: 10.21276\/sjebm.2018.5.8.8, 773-775.\r\n[6] Okonjo-Iweala, N and Osafo-Kwaako, P. (2007). Nigeria&#8217;s economic reforms: progress and challenges.working paper, no 6,thebrookings institution, washington dc.\r\n[7] Olayinka, G. and Adiga, M., (2019). Government Integrated Financial Management InformationSystem (GIFMIS) as a tool for effective management of government finances. Retrieved on sunday, 26th july, 2020 from https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/40075507\/government_integrated_financial_management_information_system_gifmis_as_a_tool_for_effective_management_of_government_finances\r\n[8] Okonjo-Iweala, N. (2011). IPPIS application, a paper delivered at workshop for ministries in Abuja. Pp.1-12\r\n[9] Idris, H., Adaja, J. and Audu, J. S. (2015). Integrated personnel payroll and information system (IPPIS) panacea for ghost workers syndrome in Nigerian public service, International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 2(5):55-64.\r\n[10] Nyaledzigbor, G. (2015). Payroll fraud: Effects of ghost names on the government wage Bill in Ghana (PhD thesis). Walden University. Retrieved from http:\/\/scholarworks.waldenu.edu\/ dissertations.\r\n[11] Olatunbosun, O. (2019). Staff Recruitment and Promotion Processes in Public Universities in Nigeria: A Case Study of Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR), 3(8):50-59.\r\n[12] Kyari Z. S., Ayuba A. A. and Musa A (2021). Effect of irregular payment of emolument on performance of non-academic staff in tertiary institutions of Borno State, Nigeria, African Scholar Journal of Mgt. Science and Entrepreneurship (JMSE-7), 20(7):262-280.\r\n[13] Ikechukwu D and Chikwe G.C. (2015). Electronic Human Resource Management and Ghost Workers Syndrome in Nigeria: A Study of Selected LGAs in Imo State, Advance Research Journal of MultiDisciplinary Discoveries. ; 2456-1045.\r\n[14] Nyaledzigbor G. (2015). Payroll fraud: Effects of ghost names on the government wage bill in Ghana.2015.\r\n[15] Oguzierem U. A, Sofiri, J. and Okodudu (2017). AS. Ghost Workers Fraud in Primary and Secondary Education Sector in Bayelsa State: Beyond Financial Loss, Journal of Public Administration and Social Welfare Research. 2017; 2(2)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adi Daniel Ph.D &amp; Cletus Edoh Ph.D &#8220;Impact of Integrated Personnel Payroll and Information System (IPPIS) on the Job Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.672-678 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/672-678.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/672-678.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-integrated-personnel-payroll-and-information-system-ippis-on-the-job-performance-of-non-academic-staff-in-federal-university-wukari-taraba-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Integrated Personnel Payroll and Information System (IPPIS) on the Job Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23be0a7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23be0a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23be180 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23be180\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23be46a\" data-id=\"23be46a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23be622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23be622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23be6ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23be6ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23be860\" data-id=\"23be860\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23be982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23be982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bea2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bea2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23beb87\" data-id=\"23beb87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bec92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bec92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bed37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bed37\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bee85\" data-id=\"23bee85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bef8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bef8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bf026 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bf026\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bf172\" data-id=\"23bf172\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bf283 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bf283\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bf320 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bf320\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bf464\" data-id=\"23bf464\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bf56f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bf56f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bf612 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bf612\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bf77b\" data-id=\"23bf77b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bf894 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bf894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Principal Management Strategies in the Achievement of Quality Assurance in Public Secondary Schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>ADI Daniel Ph.D, &amp; CLETUS Edoh Ph.D &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 679-685<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23bf933 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23bf933\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23bfab9\" data-id=\"23bfab9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bfbe3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23bfbe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study investigated influence of principal management strategies in the achievement of quality assurance in public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. Two specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design, and was carried out in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. The population for this study was 1642 teachers from 132 public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State. A total of 240 teachers representing 15% of the entire population were selected from 20 secondary schools also representing 15% of the entire secondary schools used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled \u201cPrincipal Management Strategies in the achievement of Quality Assurance Questionnaire (PMSQAQ) which was developed by the researchers. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha statistic and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. The data was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. Chi-Square Statistic to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that; principals ability to satisfy staff needs to achieve efficiency positively influences quality assurance, assigning duties based on area specialization by principals assures quality assurance and ensuring regular attendance to duties by principals assures quality assurance in public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. The findings further revealed that timely disbursement of funds to departments for smooth running of schools guarantees quality, ensuring annual financial structure of accounts from the bursary department enhances quality assurance and strict monitoring of payment via due process assures quality assurance in public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District in Taraba State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Taraba State Government should ensure modern scientific approach of managing staff are fully incorporated into staff development programmes so as to adequately equip school principals with the necessary skills needed in achieving quality assurance.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 679-685\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>ADI Daniel Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>CLETUS Edoh Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdulrahaman, M. (2014). Principals\u2019 administrative process strategies for the achievement of quality assurance in secondary schools in Kogi State. A Research Project Presented to the Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master\u2019s Degree in Educational Administration and Planning.\r\n[2] Adepoju T. L. (2010). Principles and practice of primary education in Nigeria, Ibadan corporate publications.\r\n[3] Aja-Okorie, U. (2016). Teachers Personnel Management as Determinant of Teacher productivity In Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria. Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. British Journal of Education, 4(8):13-23.\r\n[4] Akpakwu, S. O. (2012). Educational management: Theory and practice. Makurdi: Destiny Ventures.\r\n[5] Amadi, E. C. (2013). Principals\u2019 administrative techniques and effective school &#8211; community relations in Ahoada-East Local Government Area Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 4 (6):91-99. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/\r\n[6] Ayeni. A. J. (2012). Teachers\u2019 instructional task performance and principals\u2019 supervisory roles as correlates of quality assurance in secondary schools in Ondo State. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.\r\n[7] Castller, A. O. (2010). Management support qualification and gender on teachers&#8217; performance at an in-service course. Nigerian Journal of School Leadership, 15 (1):12-17\r\n[8] Chike-Okoli, A. (2007). Issues in school administration. Minna: ASOCOD Publishing House.\r\n[9] Edem, D. A. (1998). Introduction Essentials of School Administration: Benin City to Educational Administration in Nigeria: Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.\r\n[10] Fasasi, Y. A. (2014). Assessing Principals\u2019 Quality Assurance Strategies in Osun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria, International Journal of Instruction, 7(1):166-176.\r\n[11] Festus, E. (2010). Standard in education and quality delivery as imperatives for national productivity. Nigerian Journal of Educational Philosophy, 2(3): 16-24.\r\n[12] Ike-Obioha, B. U. (2007). Appraisal of Head Teachers\u2019 Administrative Practices under the Universal Basic Education Programme in Imo state. Nigerian Journal of Educational Management, (6):209-257.\r\n[13] Juha, K. (2010). Integration of strategic management and quality assurance in Pelican University Ukraine. Cambridge Journal of Education, 15(3):65-82.\r\n[14] Oche, D. O. (2009). Financial management practices of secondary school principals in Benue State. A thesis submitted to Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Pp. 30-41.\r\n[15] Ogbonnaya, N. O. (2015). Foundations of Education Finance 2nd Ed. Nsukka: Hall Publishers. P. 15.\r\n[16] Ogbonnaya, N. (2010). Education Finance. Onitsha: cape publishers International Limited. Pp. 7-10.\r\n[17] Ogbonnaya, N. O. (2009). Social and Political Context of Educational Administration and Planning. Nsukka: Chuka Educational Publishers. Ogunu, M. (2001). Introduction to Educational Management, Benin: Mabogun Publishers.\r\n[18] Ogunu, M. A. (2000). Introduction to educational management. Benin City: Mabogon Publisher.\r\n[19] Onuma, N. (2016). Principal\u2019s management support practices for enhancing teachers\u2019 performance in secondary schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 4 (3):26-36. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.eajournals.org\/\r\n[20] Nkwoh, B. (2011). Analysis of administrative roles of principals in private secondary schools in Aba education zone of Abia State. Journal of Educational Administration 2(1):33-41.\r\n[21] Nwaham, C.O. (2011). School administration and supervision of instruction in Nigeria (revised and enlarged edition). Agbor: Progress Printing Associates.\r\n[22] Nzewi, I. V. (2014). Management of Administrative-Related Stress of Head Teachers in Nnewi Education Zone of Anambra State, Unpublished MED Thesis; Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n[23] Nzewi, I. V. (2006). Management of Administrative-Related Stress of Head Teachers in Nnewi Education Zone of Anambra State, Unpublished MED Thesis; Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">ADI Daniel Ph.D, &amp; CLETUS Edoh Ph.D , &#8220;Influence of Principal Management Strategies in the Achievement of Quality Assurance in Public Secondary Schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.679-685 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/679-685.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/679-685.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" 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Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c09fd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23c09fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c17fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c17fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c189e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c189e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c19eb\" data-id=\"23c19eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c1af1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c1af1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c1b8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c1b8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c1cd6\" data-id=\"23c1cd6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c1de7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c1de7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c1e82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c1e82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c1ff2\" data-id=\"23c1ff2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c2100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c2100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The influence of inter-religious and farmers- herders\u2019 crises on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dyege Clement Akpenpuun, Kajo Didacus T. (PhD), &amp; Tyokyaa Cletus I. (PhD) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 686-691<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c21a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c21a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c2313\" data-id=\"23c2313\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c243e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23c243e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3741\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3741\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the influence of inter-religious and farmers- herders\u2019 crises on the management of public universities in the North Central Nigeria. Two specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 9,708 academic and senior administrative staff in seven Federal Universities in North Central Nigeria. The sample size for the study was 384 academic and senior administrative staff who were drawn using purposive, proportionate stratified and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Experts validated the questionnaire and its reliability was established using Cronbach Coefficient Alpha Method which yielded a coefficient of 0.87. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and Chi-Square Goodness of fit to test the hypotheses at 0.05level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that inter-religious crises have no significant influence on the management of public universities in North Central Nigeria. The finding however, revealed that farmers-herders\u2019 crises have significant negative influence on public universities\u2019 management. The study concluded that farmers-herders\u2019 crises in North Central Nigeria pose a threat to public universities\u2019 management. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria should as a matter of urgency, use all security apparatus to ensure that the crises between farmers and Fulani herders come to an end. This can make the management of public universities better strive. The university management should ensure that clear guidelines on religious activities are put in place to avoid spreading religious intolerance and violence which could result in violence on campuse<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 686-691\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3742\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3742\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dyege Clement Akpenpuun <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kajo Didacus T. (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tyokyaa Cletus I. (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3743\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3743\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abdul, A. (2011). Impact of religious crises on human resource control in industries in Kaduna Kaduna State of Nigeria. (unpublished Masters Dissertation) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria.\r\n[2] Abimbola, J.O, &amp; Adesote, S.A. (2012). Domestic terrorism and Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, issues and trends: A historical discourse. Journal of Arts and ContemporarySociety, (4), 11-28.\r\n[3] Agbo, G. C. (2020). The Effects of Farmers and Herdsmen Conflicts on the Educational Development of North-Central Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. IMT International Journal of the Arts and Sciences (IJOTAS), 3(4), 11-21\r\n[4] Ahmed, B. (2015, Jan. 14). Senior staff quarters of the University of Maiduguri were bombed Early hours of Monday 14th Jan. 2015. The Nation. p 7.\r\n[5] Atsua, T. G. &amp; Abdullahi, U. (2015). Impact of boko haram insurgency on principals, teachers and students in senior secondary schools in Borno State, Nigeria . Kwonledge Review, 33(1), 1-8.\r\n[6] Baptist Press (2017). 200 killed in Christian areas of Nasarawa, Nigeria. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.baptistpress.com\/resource-library\/news\/200-killed-in-christian-areas-of-nasarawa-nigeria\/. Accessed 7th June, 2021\r\n[7] Brendan, O. M. (2010). The longer-term impact attacks on education, on education system, development and fragility and the implications for policy responses. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[8] Igbuzor, O. (2011). Peace and security education: A critical factor for sustainable peace and national development. International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 2(1), 1-7\r\n[9] McGregor, A. (2014). Alleged connection between Boko-Haram and Nigeria\u2019s Fulani herdsmen Could spark a Nigerian civil war. Terrorism Monitor 12 (10) May\r\n[10] Okwori, A. &amp; Angenyi, M. E. (2019). Farmers\/pastoralists conflicts and the\r\nmanagement of primary schools in Benue State of Nigeria. BSU Journal of Educational Management, 1(1), 20-29\r\n[11] Oladunjoye, P &amp; Omemu, F. (2013). Effects of Boko-Haram on school Attendance Northern Nigeria. British Journal of educational, 1 (2), 1-9.\r\n[12] Oyeleye, B. &amp; Adeyemo, S. (2018). Herdsmen poison Uni-Ilorin dam, destroy research farms. New Telegraph. p. 8.\r\n[13] Sahara Reporters Online (July 11, 2016). How Suspected Muslim Fanatics Hacked Female Redeemed Church Preacher to Death in Abuja. Retrieved from http:\/\/saharareporters.com\/2016\/07\/11\/how-suspected-muslim-fanatics-hacked-female-redeemed-church-preacher-death-abuja. Accessed 29th June, 2021\r\n[14] Uzuegbu-Wilson, E. (2018). Security Challenges of Attacks on Schools in Nigeria: The Role of School Administrators, Staff, Parents and Students. Retrieved from https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3456304. Accessed 9th June, 2021\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3744\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3744\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dyege Clement Akpenpuun, Kajo Didacus T. (PhD), &amp; Tyokyaa Cletus I. (PhD) &#8220;The influence of inter-religious and farmers- herders\u2019 crises on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.686-691 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/686-691.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3745\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3745\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/686-691.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3746\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3746\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-inter-religious-and-farmers-herders-crises-on-the-management-of-public-universities-in-north-central-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The influence of inter-religious and farmers- herders\u2019 crises on the Management of Public Universities in North Central Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c3399 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23c3399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c346b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c346b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c35e2\" data-id=\"23c35e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c3a05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c3a05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c3aa4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c3aa4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c3bee\" data-id=\"23c3bee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c3cfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c3cfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c3d96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c3d96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c3edc\" data-id=\"23c3edc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c3fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c3fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c4081 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c4081\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c41c1\" data-id=\"23c41c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c42cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c42cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c4368 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c4368\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c44b4\" data-id=\"23c44b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c45b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c45b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c4651 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c4651\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c47b4\" data-id=\"23c47b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c48c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c48c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Economic Recession on Principal Financial Management in Public Secondary Schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joseph Owuondo &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 692-697<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c4960 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c4960\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c4ad7\" data-id=\"23c4ad7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c4c1d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23c4c1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThis study investigated influence of economic recession on the principal financial management in public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. Two specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a survey research design, and was carried out in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria. The population for this study was 1642 teachers from 132 public secondary schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State. A total of 240 teachers representing 15% of the entire population were selected from 20 secondary schools also representing 15% of the entire secondary schools used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire title \u201cInfluence of Economic Recession on the Principal Financial Management of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (IERPFMSSQ)\u201d developed by the researchers. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha statistic and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.80 was obtained. The data was analyzed using Means and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. Chi-Square Statistic to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that; most schools do not have a source of water for their students due to lack of funds and that games and other social activities in school come up only once in a while due to lack of fund and finally, students hardly make use of the school library due to the fact that most library books are old and not useful to them. Also, most of the buildings in school are very old as they have not been renovated for a long time, due to dilapidated structures, students hardly sit inside the classroom, making the students ungovernable and that classrooms in most public secondary schools have very poor ventilation, making it difficult for teachers and students to concentrate when teaching and learning. Based on these findings, it was recommended that; Taraba State Government should endeavour to regularly provide public secondary schools with up-to-date 21st century facilities as this could aid administrative effectiveness of teachers and increase students\u2019 academic performance.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 692-697\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Cletus Edoh Ph.D <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adi Daniel Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Educational Foundations and General Studies, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Anele, G. (2020). Influence of Economic Recession on Management of Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State. International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 8(2):11-18.\r\n[2] Emaikwu, S. O. (2015). Fundamentals of Research Methodology and Statistics. Makurdi: Selfers Academic Press Limited. pp.55-56.\r\n[3] Ige, A. M. (2013). Provision of secondary education in Nigeria: challenges and way forward. Journal of Africa Studies and Development, 5(1):1-9.\r\n[4] Kumuyi, W. F. (2010). Global Meltdown The Way Out. A Monthly Christain Women Mirror Publication of the Deeper Christain Life Ministries. March 2010. Lagos. Life Press Ltd.\r\n[5] Lawanson, O. A. &amp; Gede, N. T. (2011). Provision and Management of School Facilities for the Implementation of UBE Programme, Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(4):47-56.\r\n[6] Ngerem, E.I. and Iheanacho, S. (2017). Overcoming Economic Recession through Principals\u2019 Effective Management of School Facilities for Quality Education Delivery. International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities (IJISSH), 2(6): 37.\r\n[7] Obanyan, S. (2017). Nigerian economy: Recession, depression and recovery. Retrieved on September 08, 2017, retrieved from www.ngrguardiannews.com.\r\n[8] Ochai, G.O. &amp; Adikwu, V.O. (2018). Influence of Economic Recession on the Management of Secondary Schools in Benue State: Implication for Counseling. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3):608 \u2013 618.\r\n[9] Ochai, G. (2012). The scope of educational administration. Makurdi: world-success Publications\r\n[10] Oladipo S.O. and Fabayo J. O. (2012). \u201cMacroeconomic Dynamics Recession, Oil Sector and Economic Growth in Nigeria\u201d Asian Transactions on Basic and Applied Sciences (ATBAS), Vol.1, No. 6, January, 2012. Pp. 241-252.\r\n[11] Okonjo-Iweala, N. (2009). The Global Financial Crisis: Impact and Implication for Nigeria, Distinguished Lecture Delivered at African University of Science and Technology. Abuja; March 16\r\n[12] Okorie, F. U. &amp;Ngerem, E. I. (2017). Influence of Economic Recession on the Management of Funds in Public Secondary Schools in Abia State, International Journal of Agricultural and Home Economics Education (IJAHEE), 4(1):1-8.\r\n[13] Onwuhiri, A. (2008). Old Students and Glory of Unity Schools. In all Nigeria Conference of Principals of Secondary Schools (ANCOPSS) Mandatory Continuing Processional Training (MCPT) Programme at Owerri: ANCOPSS Publication.\r\n[14] Shiskin, J. C., 2015. Developing Economies of Third World Countries. Journal of Political Economy, 7, 80-90.\r\n[15] Tichaona, M. &amp; Thembinkosi, T. (2013). The impact of the economic meltdown on the education system of Zimbabwe. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(11): 2254-2266.\r\n[16] Tinubu, B. A. (2017). Nigerians are suffering. The Guardian Online. Retrieved on January 06, 2018, from www.ngrguardiannews.com.\r\n[17] Weihrich, H., Cannice, M.V. &amp; Koontz, H. (2015). Management. A Global Entrepreneurial Perspective Twelfth Edition New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. P.45\r\n[18] Worldometers (2019). Retrieved in November, 2019, from: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/nigeria-population.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Owuondo, &#8220;Influence of Economic Recession on Principal Financial Management in Public Secondary Schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.692-697 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/692-697.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/692-697.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-economic-recession-on-principal-financial-management-in-public-secondary-schools-in-southern-senatorial-district-of-taraba-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Influence of Economic Recession on Principal Financial Management in Public Secondary Schools in Southern Senatorial District of Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c5b4c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23c5b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c7fb2 elementor-section-boxed 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c8675 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c8675\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c87c8\" data-id=\"23c87c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c88ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c88ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c8970 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c8970\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c8ac4\" data-id=\"23c8ac4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c8bce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c8bce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c8c68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c8c68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c8db2\" data-id=\"23c8db2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c8ec3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c8ec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c8f5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c8f5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c909f\" data-id=\"23c909f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c91b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c91b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c9247 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c9247\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c93bc\" data-id=\"23c93bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c94d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c94d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review of Disaster Preparedness and Management Techniques in Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Joseph Owuondo &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 698-701<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23c9575 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23c9575\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23c96f1\" data-id=\"23c96f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c9819 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23c9819\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study sought to examine disaster preparation, management, and mitigation techniques in Kenya. The study methodology involved literature review of previous studies and the information available to the public on the official government and government departmental websites. The study also reviews the government policies and plans, and legislations that have been put in place by the government and whether or not these policies are suitable for application in real-life situations. Results from the study show that there have been some tremendous efforts taken by different levels of government as well as stakeholders within the country to improve disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation but these could not be fully implemented considering the increase in vulnerability index due to climate change. There are various government policies and departments established under the office of the president under various ministries when as those established through Acts of Parliament, whose goal has been to improve coordination and resource mobilization and deployment towards disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 698-701\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Owuondo <\/strong>\r\nPhD Student, Maseno University, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bello, O., Bustamante, A. and Pizarro, P. (2021). Planning for disaster risk reduction within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.\r\n[2] Bhavani, R., Vordzorgbe, S., Owor, M. and Bousquet, F. (2008). Status of disaster risk reduction in the sub-Saharan Africa region. The World Bank.\r\n[3] Bronfman, N.C., Cisternas, P.C., Repetto, P.B. and Casta\u00f1eda, J.V. (2019). Natural disaster preparedness in a multi-hazard environment: Characterizing the socio-demographic profile of those better (worse) prepared. PloS one, 14(4), p.e0214249.\r\n[4] Fuso Nerini, F., Sovacool, B., Hughes, N., Cozzi, L., Cosgrave, E., Howells, M., Tavoni, M., Tomei, J., Zerriffi, H. and Milligan, B. (2019). Connecting climate action with other Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(8), pp.674-680.\r\n[5] https:\/\/www.devolution.go.ke\/[Accessed 12 June 2022].\r\n[6] https:\/\/www.devolution.go.ke\/special-programmes\/[Accessed 11 June 2022].\r\n[7] Ifrc.org. (2022). Available at: https:\/\/www.ifrc.org\/docs\/idrl\/857EN.pdf [Accessed 11 June 2022].\r\n[8] Kinoti, J.K. (2019). Governance and Coordination in Management of Drought and Floods Disasters. Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis.\r\n[9] Mutanda, N., Orinda, V.A. and Ochieng, K. (2022). Strengthening Disaster Management in Kenya.\r\n[10] Nji, T.M., Carolynne, A.K. and Vubo, E.Y. (2022). Natural Disaster Risk Management in Kenya: Prospects for Successful Implementation. In Disaster Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies, Institutions, and Processes. Emerald Publishing Limited.\r\n[11] Nyika, J.M. (2022). Climate Change Situation in Kenya and Measures Towards Adaptive Management in the Water Sector. In Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change (pp. 1857-1872). IGI Global.\r\n[12] Rosauer, V., Svirina, E. (2018). World Bank Supports Kenya&#8217;s Efforts to Reduce Climate and Disaster Risk by $200 Million.\r\n[13] Soyapi, C.B. (2019). Environmental protection in Kenya\u2019s environment and land court. Journal of Environmental Law, 31(1), pp.151-161.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Owuondo &#8220;A Review of Disaster Preparedness and Management Techniques in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.698-701 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/698-701.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/698-701.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-of-disaster-preparedness-and-management-techniques-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Review of Disaster Preparedness and Management Techniques in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ca656 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23ca656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cace4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cace4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cae8a\" data-id=\"23cae8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cafb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cafb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cb069 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cb069\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cb1d0\" data-id=\"23cb1d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cb2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cb2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cb38b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cb38b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cb4de\" data-id=\"23cb4de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cb5f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cb5f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cb68f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cb68f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cb7d6\" data-id=\"23cb7d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cb8e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cb8e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cb98a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cb98a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cbad0\" data-id=\"23cbad0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cbbe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cbbe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cbc8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cbc8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cbde2\" data-id=\"23cbde2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cbeef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cbeef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cbf89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cbf89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cc101\" data-id=\"23cc101\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cc220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cc220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Ethical Communication for Better Organization Management<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Okuthe Pelesiah &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 702-708<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23cc2c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23cc2c3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23cc45b\" data-id=\"23cc45b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cc5a0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23cc5a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Managing organizational involvement is critical to the success of any organization. Communication is one important thing to support organization success both in improving performance and adaptation to any changes in the existing environment. It is the life blood of any organization and its main purpose is to effect change to influence action. Ethical communication in an organization plays an important role in managing employees and their behaviour, together with relationships contributing effectively towards the formation of pleasant environment within the workplace. It helps build trust between the organization and its general public on management issues as it helps transform organizations for better management if ethical practices is well applied. Through this, employee\u2019s dignity, wellbeing and good will is protected. Organizations rely on communication to express their personal and organizational desires for what they need to do and how they should do it. The main principle of ethical communication is honesty and the value of presenting information as true and factual as possible. The information presented to various parties need to be consistent, considering both the short-term and long-term implications of honest communication, by ensuring that it is accepted as one&#8217;s responsibility. The study will help individuals improve on their behaviour, how they relate and help up-grade the structure of the organization and in achieving organizational goals. Readers will be able to learn on how to relate with each other in an ethical way, see the importance of good interpersonal relationship, organization reputation, thus improved performance<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 702-708\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okuthe Pelesiah <\/strong>\r\nRongo University, Kenya<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Agbato, A. 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Professional School Counseling, 259-265.\r\n[43] Tuffley, A., Grove, B., &amp; McNair, G. (2004). SPICE for small organisations. Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 9(1), 23-31.\r\n[44] Vakola, M. (2014). What&#8217;s in there for me? Individual readiness to change and the perceived impact of organizational change. Leadership &amp; Organization Development Journal.\r\n[45] Vander Elst, T., Van den Broeck, A., De Cuyper, N., &amp; De Witte, H. (2014). On the reciprocal relationship between job insecurity and employee well\u2010being: Mediation by perceived control? Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 87(4), 671-693.\r\n[46] Vickery, A. J., Keaton, S. A., &amp; Bodie, G. D. (2015). Intrapersonal communication and listening goals: An examination of attributes and functions of imagined interactions and active-empathic listening behaviors. Southern Communication Journal, 80(1), 20-38.\r\n[47] Wolin, R. (2001). The rhetorical imagination of Kenneth Burke. Univ of South Carolina Press.\r\n[48] Yusuf, F. (2011). Effective communication for reference service delivery in academic libraries. Library Philosophy and Practice.\r\n[49] Zulch, B. (2014). Leadership communication in project management. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 172-181.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Okuthe Pelesiah &#8220;Ethical Communication for Better Organization Management&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.702-708 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/702-708.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/702-708.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ethical-communication-for-better-organization-management\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ethical Communication for Better Organization Management<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cd504 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23cd504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-id=\"23cdf3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ce086\" data-id=\"23ce086\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ce190 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ce190\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ce22a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ce22a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ce373\" data-id=\"23ce373\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ce483 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ce483\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ce51f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ce51f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ce660\" data-id=\"23ce660\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ce76c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ce76c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ce804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ce804\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ce96a\" data-id=\"23ce96a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cea76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23cea76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sustainability Model for Integrating Green Concepts and Practices into the Curricula of Tourism and Hospitality Training Institutions in Zambia<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Mirriam Sampa Moonga, Charles Namafe and Bernard Chileshe &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 709-715<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ceb17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ceb17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ceca0\" data-id=\"23ceca0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cede5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23cede5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe paper presents a sustainability model that could be used to integrate green concepts and practices into the curricula of tourism and hospitality training institutions of Zambia. The paper is based on the findings that were done in ten tourism and hospitality training institutions that were offering tourism and hospitality training at the time of data collection in Lusaka district. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and document study from ten heads of department, fifteen lecturers and ten principals in the different institutions. The major findings of the study were that topics on green concepts and practices either did not exist or were not the area of focus in the curricula. Therefore, the study proposed that specific courses which should be included in the curricula, including conservation of natural resources, keep Zambia clean, green and healthy, waste management and technology, water conservation, energy efficiency, and waste reduction. These courses should be offered from diploma to doctoral levels so that students are able to practice sustainability in the provision of services upon graduation. The study recommended the need for an intentional integration of environment and sustainability education in the curricula of tourism and hospitality training institutions, with a specific focus on green aspects in the tourism and hospitality industry.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 709-715\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mirriam Sampa Moonga<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Language and Social Sciences Education, School of Education, the University of Zambia, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Charles Namafe <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Language and Social Sciences Education, School of Education, the University of Zambia, Zambia\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bernard Chileshe<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Language and Social Sciences Education, School of Education, the University of Zambia, Zambia\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aipanjiguly, S. &amp; Jacobson, S. (2002). Conserving manatees: Attitudes and intentions of boaters in Tampa Bay, Florida. Conservation Biology, 17(4), 1098\u20131105.\r\n[2] Bader, E.E. (2015). Sustainable hotel business practices. Journal of Retail &amp; #38 Leisure Property, 5(1), 70-77.\r\n[3] Bohdanowicz, P. (2015). European hoteliers\u2019 environmental attitudes: Greening the business, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 46 (2), 188-204.\r\n[4] Bright, D.S. &amp; Cortes, A.H (2019). Principles of management. Houston, TX: OpenStax.\r\n[5] Chawla, G. &amp; Manhas, P. S. (2015). Sustainability in higher education: An exploratory investigation of hospitality management courses. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, 4(1), 19-42.\r\n[6] Chileshe, B. (2018). Enhancing health campaigns through environmental education: A case of the \u2018Keep Zambia Clean and Healthy\u2019 programme. PhD Thesis, the University of Zambia, Lusaka.\r\n[7] Chileshe, B. &amp; Moonga, S. M. (2017). Alternatives for dumpsite scavenging: The case of waste pickers at Lusaka\u2019s Chunga Landfill. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 4 (6), 40-51\r\n[8] Chileshe, B. &amp; Moonga, S. M. (2019). Disparities in pro-environmental behaviour between rural and urban areas in Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 4 (6), 196-215.\r\n[9] Chilufya, T. (2014). Integrating environmental sustainability issues in the Zambian 2013 revised science curriculum at junior secondary school level. Masters\u2019 dissertation, The University of Zambia, Lusaka.\r\n[10] Choi, H. &amp; Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring residents\u2019 attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 380\u2013394.\r\n[11] Department of Environment Water Heritage and the Arts (2009). Living Sustainably. The Australian Government&#8217;s National Plan for Education for Sustainability. Available from: http:\/\/www.environment.gov.au\/education\/publications\/pubs\/national-actionplan.pdf [Retrieved March 9, 2022].\r\n[12] Dryzek, J. (2005). The politics of the earth: Environmental Discourses (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[13] G\u00f6ssling, S. (2011). Carbon management in tourism: Mitigating the impacts on climate change. London: Routledge.\r\n[14] GRZ. (2019). Land degradation neutrality high level note. Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection. https:\/\/knowledge.unccd.int\u203aldn_targets \u203a 2019-10\r\n[15] Jones, P.O. Hillier, D. &amp; Comfort, D. (2014). Sustainability in the global hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26 (1). pp. 5-17. doi:10.1108\/IJCHM-10-2012-0180\r\n[16] Kasim, A., &amp; Ismail, A. (2012). Environmentally friendly practices among restaurants: Drivers and barriers to change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(4), 551\u2013570.\r\n[17] Kitson, A.L. &amp; Straus, S.E. (2013). Chapter 3.1 Identifying knowledge to action gaps. In Straus, S.E., Tetroe, J. &amp; Graham, I.D. (Eds.). Knowledge Translation in Health Care: Moving from evidence to practice, (2nd ed.). John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[18] Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International.\r\n[19] Legrand, W., Kirsche, C., Sloan, P. &amp; Simons-Kaufmann, C. (2012). Making 20 2020 happen: Is the hospitality industry mitigating its environmental impacts? The barriers and motivators that German hoteliers have to invest in sustainable management strategies and technologies and their perceptions of online self-help toolkits. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, 161, 115-126.\r\n[20] Leyva, E.S. &amp; Parra, D.P. (2021). 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The triple bottom line: What is it and how does it work? Indiana Business Review, 86(1), 4-8.\r\n[34] Sol\u00eds-Espallargas, C., Ruiz-Morales, J., Lim\u00f3n-Dom\u00ednguez, D. &amp; Valderrama-Hern\u00e1ndez, R. (2019). Sustainability in the university: A study of its presence in curricula, teachers and students of education. Sustainability, 11, 6620. Doi:10.3390\/su11236620\r\n[35] Spenceley, A. &amp; Rozga, Z. (2007). IFC Tourism Training Network Market Research Report, Report to the Global Business School Network, International Finance Corporation.\r\n[36] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2009). Pay-As-You-Throw. Wastes &#8211; Resource Conservation. Available from: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/epawaste\/conserve\/tools\/payt\/index.htm [Retrieved 21st December, 2021].\r\n[37] Tomas, L., Girgenti, S., &amp; Jackson, C. (2017). Pre-service teachers\u2019 attitudes toward education for sustainability and its relevance to their learning: implications for pedagogical practice. Environmental Education Research, 23(3), 324\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13504622.2015.1109065\r\n[38] Valsiner, J. (2006). Developmental epistemology and implications for methodology. In R. M. Lerner &amp; W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 166\u2013209). John Wiley &amp; Sons.\r\n[39] Wals, A.E.J. (2012). Shaping the education of tomorrow: 2012 full length report on the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Paris: The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).\r\n[40] Yi, S., Li, X., &amp; Jai, T. M. (2016). Hotel guests\u2019 perception of best green practices: A content analysis of online reviews, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 18(2), 1\u201312.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mirriam Sampa Moonga, Charles Namafe and Bernard Chileshe , &#8220;Sustainability Model for Integrating Green Concepts and Practices into the Curricula of Tourism and Hospitality Training Institutions in Zambia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.709-715 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/709-715.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/709-715.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sustainability-model-for-integrating-green-concepts-and-practices-into-the-curricula-of-tourism-and-hospitality-training-institutions-in-zambia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sustainability Model for Integrating Green Concepts and Practices into the Curricula of Tourism and Hospitality Training Institutions in Zambia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cfc3b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23cfc3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d066e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d066e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d07c8\" data-id=\"23d07c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d08d7 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d0be0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d0be0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d0c7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d0c7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d0dc3\" data-id=\"23d0dc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d0ed2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d0ed2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d0f7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d0f7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d10ce\" data-id=\"23d10ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d11e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d11e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d1282 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d1282\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d13f6\" data-id=\"23d13f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d1505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d1505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Critical Analysis of Problems Encountered by Informal Female Cross Border Traders in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Moyo Annah &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 716-722<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d15ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d15ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d173e\" data-id=\"23d173e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d1884 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23d1884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Due to the failure of the Zimbabwean economy in the past two decades and the subsequent collapse of the formal sector in the country cross border trading has become increasingly popular in the country and likewise the involvement of women in the sector. Remunerations which is earned through informal female cross border trading is not only benefiting their respective households but contribute to the GDP of the country through payment of customs exercise duty, tax on importation of goods, and other government charges and hence women are major contributors to the economy of Zimbabwe. Nonetheless, despite the contributions by women, the challenges and benefits involved with informal cross border traders are based on gender. Unfortunately, there is lack of information on the challenges and stressors faced by females in cross border trading in Zimbabwe. It is against this background that the present study seeks a critical analysis of problems encountered by informal female cross border traders in Zimbabwe and also determining the coping strategies. A qualitative method was adopted in primary data collection and it was achieved through the use of interviews. The snowball sampling method was used to select the females that participated as respondents. The study noted that female cross border traders in Zimbabwe facing serious and deep rooted challenges in the process of conducting their trade from government officials, restriction to access of loans, and health issues emanating from stress and leads to other serious mental health issues like depression, anxiety, tendency of self-harm, and suicide. The study also noted that begging, creating personal savings, and visiting health institutions and employing self-medication were the most common coping strategies applied by the female cross border traders.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 716-722\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moyo Annah <\/strong>\r\nGender Institute Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Aluoch, P. 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International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (18), 19-33.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dyege Clement Akpenpuun, Kajo Didacus T. (PhD), &amp; Tyokyaa Cletus I. (PhD) &#8220;A Critical Analysis of Problems Encountered by Informal Female Cross Border Traders in Zimbabwe&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.716-722 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/716-722.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-critical-analysis-of-problems-encountered-by-informal-female-cross-border-traders-in-zimbabwe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Critical Analysis of Problems Encountered by Informal Female Cross Border Traders in Zimbabwe<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d26cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23d26cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d2857 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d2857\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d29f4\" data-id=\"23d29f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d312d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d312d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d31c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d31c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d3312\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d3c19\" data-id=\"23d3c19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d3d32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d3d32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Teaching for Technological Literacy: Recognizing Technology as Communication of Social Phenomena and Ultimately of Culture: Illustrating Television as a Socially Determined Artifact<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Casimir Adjoe &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 723-731<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d3dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d3dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d3f50\" data-id=\"23d3f50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d407e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23d407e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper examines the possibility of overcoming technological determinism in the curriculum of institutions of technology and Vocational institutions in Africa in order to cultivate the kind of individuals with the relevant critical thinking skills needed for a contemporary technologically complex society. Using a social-historical approach in analysis and selecting television as a case study, it argued that an adequate discussion of technological literacy issues could be achieved by the shift of emphasis from technological artifacts in isolation to examining the social and cultural origins of technological artifacts, and hence to the social processes involved in deciding, selecting, designing, controlling, adopting and producing specific technological artifacts. It ultimately recommends the creative possibilities that the approach suggests for teaching and learning and for the development of cultural attitudes conducive to the advantageous utilization of technologies for the society consuming them<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 723-731\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Casimir Adjoe <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Social Sciences, Education Unit Central University, Ghana<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Adjoe, C. (June 2022). \u2018Factual\u2019 Reportage and Naturalisation in Texts: The Production of Belief and the Positioning of the Reader in a Media Text: Accessing the Reality of the \u2018unqualified\u2019 and \u2018qualified\u2019 Discourse for Students for Higher Education.\u2019 (Article under review in SCIREA Journal of Sociology)\r\n[2] Appleyard, B. (2004). Understanding the Present. London: Tauris Park Paperbacks\r\n[3] Bain, K. (2004). What the Best College Teachers Do. London: Havard Press\r\n[4] Bhatia, A. (2006). \u201cCritical Discourse Analysis of Political Press Conferences.\u201d Journal of Discourse and Society. Vol. 17(2). 173-203.\r\n[5] Bloor, David (1991). Knowledge and Social Imagery (2nd edition). Chicago: Chicago University Press\r\n[6] Callaghan, J.W. (1953). Television in school, college and community. New York, McCuraw-Hill books. Citizen identification digitalized in Ghana. (https. Attea.com.) \u2013Atea) Retrieved: 4.7.2022\r\n[7] Collins Conscise Dictionary: 21st Century Edition. (2001). Fifth Edition. Technology. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers\r\n[8] DigitalCommons. (16 nov 2012). What is digitalization in Ghana? https. Digitalcommons.unl.edu.cgi. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved: 4.7.2022\r\n[9] Edwards, R.P.A. (1953). How it works\u2026 Television. Ladybird books.\r\n[10] Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London and New York: Routledge\r\n[11] Foucault, M. (1989). The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London and New York: Routledge\r\n[12] Foucault, M. (1983). \u201cThe Subject and Power.\u201d In Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneu\u00actics, edited by H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow, 208-226. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.\r\n[13] Hood, S. (1983). On Television. London, Pluto Press.\r\n[14] Kearney, R. (1986). Modern Movements in European Philosophy. Manchester: Manchester University Press\r\n[15] Kleinzahler, A. (2019). \u201cPound &amp; Co.\u201d In London Review of Books. Vol. 41. No. 18. p.37\r\n[16] McCowan, T. and R. Schendel (February 2019). Pedagogies for Critical Thinking: Implications of Project Findings for Higher Education Policies and Practices in Ghana, Kenya and Botswana. Accra: Dissemination Event\r\n[17] Montgomery, L. and C. Neylon (2019). The Value of a Journal is the Community it Creates, not the Paper it Publishes. LSE Impact of Social Sciences blog: https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\r\n[18] Report and recommendations of the Carnegie commission on Educational Television. (1967). Public Television. New York, Harper and Row.\r\n[19] Tew, P. and A. Murray (2009). The Modernist Handbook. London: Continuum\r\n[20] The ECM Consultant. (February, 1, 2022). What are the benefits of digitalization? https. Theecmconsultant.com. feb. 1, 2022.). Retrieved: 4.7.2022\r\n[21] The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2016). Michel Foucault. The Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University\r\n[22] Thompson, J. B. (1990). Ideology and Modern Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press\r\n[23] Williams, R. (1974). TV and Cultural form. London: Fontana books\r\n[24] Wilmot-Smith, F. (2019). \u201cJustice eBay Style.\u201d In London Review of Books. Vol. 41. No. 18. P. 27\r\n[25] Young, M. &amp; M. Barnett. (1991). Towards Technological Literacy. Working Paper No 8. Department of Policy Studies, Institute of Education, University of London.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Casimir Adjoe &#8220;Teaching for Technological Literacy: Recognizing Technology as Communication of Social Phenomena and Ultimately of Culture: Illustrating Television as a Socially Determined Artifact&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.723-731 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/723-731.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/723-731.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/teaching-for-technological-literacy-recognizing-technology-as-communication-of-social-phenomena-and-ultimately-of-culture-illustrating-television-as-a-socially-determined-artifact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Teaching for Technological Literacy: Recognizing Technology as Communication of Social Phenomena and Ultimately of Culture: Illustrating Television as a Socially Determined Artifact<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d50dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23d50dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d51ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d51ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d534b\" data-id=\"23d534b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d5489 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d5489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d5534 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d5534\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d56a3\" data-id=\"23d56a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d57b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d57b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d585f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d585f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d59b3\" data-id=\"23d59b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d5abd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d5abd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d5b59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d5b59\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d5cad\" data-id=\"23d5cad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d5dbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d5dbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d5e58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d5e58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d5f98\" data-id=\"23d5f98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d60a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d60a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d613f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d613f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d6a61\" data-id=\"23d6a61\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d6b8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d6b8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d6c3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d6c3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d6dbc\" data-id=\"23d6dbc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d6ed0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d6ed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fiscal Policy and Unemployment Rate in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Chukwuemeka Nwamuo, Ph.D &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 732-738<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d6f73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d6f73\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d7113\" data-id=\"23d7113\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d724b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23d724b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe study investigated the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 1991 to 2020 which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and the World Development Indicators (WDI). The ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration was used to analyse the data. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM) were utilized to address the main objectives of the study. The estimated short run coefficient result revealed that total public debt, total public expenditure and non-oil revenue all have a positive and significant impact on unemployment rate The speed of adjustment for correcting disequilibrium from the previous year to equilibrium in current year is 14.92 percent as shown by the coefficient of ECM. The long run result of the study showed that there is a positive and significant impact between total expenditure (TEXP) and unemployment rate in Nigeria but a negative and significant impact between non-oil revenue (NOR) and unemployment rate in Nigeria. The long run result showed that there is no relationship between total public debt (TDBT) and unemployment rate in Nigeria while the short run result showed that total public expenditure has a positive and significant impact on unemployment rate while non-oil revenue has a negative and significant impact on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommends proper management of government expenditure by ensuring that capital expenditures are channeled towards productive sectors and ensure that there is transparency in the management of such fund.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 732-738\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwuemeka Nwamuo, Ph.D<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abel, A.B and Bernanke, B.S (2005). Macroeconomics. Pearson Education, Inc.\r\n[2] Ahuja, H. L. (2010). Macroeconomics Theory and Policy. Chand.&amp;Company Ltd.\r\n[3] Ahuja, H.L (2012). Modern Economics. S.Chand &amp; company PVT. Ltd\r\n[4] Anyanwu, J.C (1997). Nigerian Public Finance. Joanee Educational Publishers Ltd.\r\n[5] Anyanwu, J.C and Oaikhenan, H.E (1995). Modern Macroeconomics: Theory and Applications in Nigeria. Joanee Educational Publishers Ltd.\r\n[6] Arnold, R.A (2008). Macroeconomics. Thomson South Western.\r\n[7] Attahiru, B.A (2016). Dynamic effects of fiscal policy on output and unemployment in Nigeria: An econometric investigation. CBN Journal of Applied Statistics, 7(2), 101 \u2013 122.\r\n[8] Cown, T and Tabbarrok, A (2011). Modern Principles of Economics. Worth Publisher.\r\n[9] Dimoji, F.A; Atorudibo, A and Onwuneme, L.N (2013). Principles of Macroeconomics: An Introductory Text: Zemek Publishers.\r\n[10] Egbulonu, K.G and Amadi, K.W (2016).Effect of fiscal policy on unemployment in the Nigerian economy. International Journal of Innovative Finance and Economics Research, 4(3), 1-7.\r\n[11] Ejemezu, C.I and Agu, B.O (2021).Impact of fiscal policy instruments on unemployment in Nigeria. Global Scientific Journals, 9(11), 270 \u2013 284.\r\n[12] Emad, A.M.O and Yuriy, B (2020).The impact of fiscal policy on the unemployment policy rate in Egypt.Montenegrin Journal of Economics 16(4), 199 \u2013 209.\r\n[13] Gachari, J.M and Korir, J.K (2020).Effect of fiscal policy on unemployment in Kenya. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 11(1), 19 \u2013 31.\r\n[14] Gebret, S.T (2016). Theory of unemployment and its application in Ethopia: A Review. IJRDO- Journal of Agriculture and Research 2(12), 37 \u2013 55.\r\n[15] Gordon, R.J (1993). Macroeconomics. Harpers Collins College Publisher.\r\n[16] Hyman, D.N (2010). Macroeconomics. Pearson Addison Wesley.\r\n[17] Jhingan,M.L (2016). Macroeconomic Theory :Vrinda Publications (P) Ltd.\r\n[18] Mankiw and Taylor (2011). Macroeconomics. Thomson South Western.\r\n[19] Mankiw, N.G (2008). Principles of Economics.Thomson.\r\n[20] McEachern, W.A (2009). Macro Econ. Thomson South Western.\r\n[21] Medee.P.N and Nenbee, S.G (2011). Econometric analysis of the impact of fiscal policy variables on Nigeria&#8217;s economic growth (1970 &#8211; 2009). Africa Research Bulletin Economic Financial and Technical Series 2(1), 171-183.\r\n[22] Miller, R.L (2004). Economics Today: The Macroeconomic View. Pearson Addison Wesley.\r\n[23] Mouhammed, A.U (2012). Important theories of unemployment and public polices; Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 13(2), 156 \u2013 166.\r\n[24] Njoku, P.O (2009) Public Finance. Sources, Administration and Management. El\u2019demak Publishers.\r\n[25] Obayori, J.B (2016). Fiscal policy and unemployment in Nigeria. The International of Social Sciences and Human Invention, 3(2), 1887 \u2013 1891.\r\n[26] Okafor, J.C and Obasi, A (2011). Fundamentals of Macroeconomics. Hipuks Additional Press.\r\n[27] Okafor, J.C and Obasi, A (2011). Fundamentals of Macroeconomics. Hipuks Additional Press.\r\n[28] Schiller, B.R (2008). The Macroeconomics Today. McGraw-Hill\/Irwin\r\n[29] Truett, L.J and Truett, D.B (1987). Macroeconomics. Times\/Mosby College Publishing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chukwuemeka Nwamuo, Ph.D , &#8220;Fiscal Policy and Unemployment Rate in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.732-738 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/732-738.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/732-738.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fiscal-policy-and-unemployment-rate-in-nigeria-an-empirical-investigation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Fiscal Policy and Unemployment Rate in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d803a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23d803a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d8110 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d8110\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d8276\" data-id=\"23d8276\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d839c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d839c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d843b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d843b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d8595\" data-id=\"23d8595\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d86a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d86a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d8748 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d8748\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d88a4\" data-id=\"23d88a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d89b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d89b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d8a56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d8a56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d8ba4\" data-id=\"23d8ba4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d8cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d8cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d8d54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d8d54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d8e96\" data-id=\"23d8e96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d8fa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d8fa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d9132 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d9132\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d92b4\" data-id=\"23d92b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d93c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d93c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d9470 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d9470\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d95d2\" data-id=\"23d95d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d96e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d96e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Personal Motivations and Entrepreneurship Career Intentions: Testing Theory of Planned Behaviour<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gibreel T., Zaibet L., Al-Akhzami S., El-Haj A. &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 739-751<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23d9784 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23d9784\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23d993e\" data-id=\"23d993e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d9aa9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23d9aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3754\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3754\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3755\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3755\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3756\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3756\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3751\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3751\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study evaluates how personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control can influence an individual&#8217;s intentions to become an entrepreneur based on planned behaviour and individual innovative cognitive style framework. A sample of 246 students was surveyed in the Sultan Qaboos University (164 females &amp; 82 males). Three models were constructed in which the variables were hierarchically presented into the regression equations. Firstly, the theory of planned behaviour model comprises only those variables stated by the theory. Secondly, the innovative cognitive style model comprised those extracted as the innovativeness style measurements. The third model combined those variables specified the and variables of the. The obtained results suggest a positive link between personal attitudes, subjective norms, individual behaviour control and entrepreneurial intentions, and the innovative cognitive style and entrepreneurial intentions, consequently supporting this research hypothesis<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 739-751\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6741\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6741<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3752\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3752\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gibreel T. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Natural Resource Economics, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zaibet L. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Natural Resource Economics, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Al-Akhzami S. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Natural Resource Economics, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>El-Haj A. <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Instructional and Teaching Technologies, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3753\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3753\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Ajzen, I. 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23dbba2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23dbba2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23dbced\" data-id=\"23dbced\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dbdf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23dbdf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23dbe90 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23dbe90\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23dc000\" data-id=\"23dc000\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dc11b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23dc11b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Harmonic or Non-Harmonic? A Formal and Scientific Analysis of Three Musical Tones in Petzold\u2019s \u201cMinuet In G\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Michael Ochurub PhD, Andrew Jeremiah PhD, Mulisa Ignatius Kwizi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 752-763<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23dc1c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23dc1c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23dc349\" data-id=\"23dc349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dc474 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23dc474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThrough the years leading up to Schonberg composers ignored the concept of non-harmonic tones and treated them as extended harmonies. This study scientifically analyses instances regarded as non-harmonic in music theory to resolve the contention surrounding such tones in order to inform music tonal harmony. Minuet in \u201cG\u201d by Christian Petzold was purposively selected and subjected to Overtone Analyzer to examine instances where tones that are regarded as non-harmonic in music theory could be seen as extended harmonic tones. The analysis showed that these tones, although regarded as non-harmonic tones in music theory, have harmonic traces in the overtones of the members of the pivot chord. The study, therefore, concludes that the assumed non-harmonic tones in Minuet in G, are naturally part of the chord they are presented with and are, therefore, extended harmonies as some earlier composers pointed out. The researchers, therefore, recommend a reconsideration of approaches to non-harmonic tones in music theory to foster unlimited perception in tonal harmony..\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 752-763\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Obed Acquah <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Music Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Stephen Nyanteh Ayesu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Music Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Francis Annan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Music Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alm, J. F., &amp; Walker, J. S. (2002). Time-frequency analysis of musical instruments. SIAM review, 44(3), 457-476.\r\n[2] Anyaegbunam, F. (2013). Book Five: Vibrations, Waves and Sounds. Abuja FCT.\r\n[3] Ansah, R. (2022). An appraisal of Karl Popper\u2019s conjectures and refutations. Sapientia: Journal of Philosophy, 15, 1-22.\r\n[4] Behrman, A. (2021). Speech and voice science. Plural Publishing.\r\n[5] Covach, J. (2018). The Americanization of Arnold Schoenberg? Theory, Analysis, and Reception. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Musiktheorie [Journal of the German-speaking Society of Music Theory], 15(2), 155-175.\r\n[6] Cross, I. (1998). Music and science: Three views. Revue belge de Musicologie \/ Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Muziekwetenschap, 52, 207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3686926\r\n[7] Doll, C. (January 01, 2013). Definitions of `Chord&#8217; in the Teaching of Tonal Harmony. Tijdschrift Voor Muziektheorie, 18 (2), 91-109.\r\n[8] Dudeque, N. (2005). Music theory and analysis in the writings of Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.\r\n[9] Edgar, A. (1999). Adorno and musical analysis. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 57(4), 439-449.\r\n[10] Gazor, M., &amp; Shoghi, A. (2022). Tone colour in music and bifurcation control. Journal of Differential Equations, 326, 129-163.\r\n[11] Ibekwe, E. (2020). Music as art and science: An evaluation. UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities, 21(1), 159-179.\r\n[12] Jones, D., &amp; Schmidt-Jones, C. (2006). Frequency and music. Connexions, Rice University.\r\n[13] Lapp, D. (2003). The physics of music and musical instruments. Wright Center for Innovative Science Education, Tufts University.\r\n[14] Maruani, J., Lefebvre, R., &amp; Rantanen, M. (2003). Science and music: from the music of the depths to the music of the spheres. In Advanced topics in theoretical chemical physics (pp. 479-514). Springer, Dordrecht.\r\n[15] Oliver, D., Underwood, J., Marotta, D., Kane, J., &amp; Scott, M. (2013). Four free software packages related to the physics of sound. The Physics Teacher, 51(2), 101-104.\r\n[16] Schmidt-Jones, C. (2004). Sound, physics and music. Connexions, Rice University.\r\n[17] Schonberg, A., Carter, R., &amp; Frisch, W. (2010). Theory of harmony. University of California Press.\r\n[18] Schubert, P. (1993). &#8216;A New Epoch of Polyphonic Style&#8217;: Schoenberg on Chords and Lines. Music Analysis, 12(3), 289-319.\r\n[19] Strom, C. O. (1962). Correlation between the frequencies of harmonic partials generated from selected fundamentals and pitches of supplied tones. Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, &amp; Professional Papers. 1913.\r\n[20] Willingham, T. J. (2013). The harmonic implications of the non-harmonic tones in the four-part chorales of Johann Sebastian Bach. Liberty University.\r\n[21] Yan, W., Noel, G., Loke, G., Meiklejohn, E., Khudiyev, T., Marion, J., &#8230; &amp; Fink, Y. (2022). Single fibre enables acoustic fabrics via nanometre-scale vibrations. Nature, 603(7902), 616-623.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Michael Ochurub PhD, Andrew Jeremiah PhD, Mulisa Ignatius Kwizi, &#8220;Harmonic or Non-Harmonic? A Formal and Scientific Analysis of Three Musical Tones in Petzold\u2019s \u201cMinuet In G\u201d&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.752-763 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/752-763.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/752-763.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/harmonic-or-non-harmonic-a-formal-and-scientific-analysis-of-three-musical-tones-in-petzolds-minuet-in-g\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Harmonic or Non-Harmonic? A Formal and Scientific Analysis of Three Musical Tones in Petzold\u2019s \u201cMinuet In G\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dd3a0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23dd3a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23dd46d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23dd46d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23dd5e8\" data-id=\"23dd5e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dd70f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23dd70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23de009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23de009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23de0a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23de0a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23de1ee\" data-id=\"23de1ee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23de2fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23de2fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23de399 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23de399\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23de4e7\" data-id=\"23de4e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23de5ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23de5ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23de690 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23de690\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23de8c1\" data-id=\"23de8c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23de9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23de9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Retrenchment on Employee Productivity at WordPress Namibia Limited<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Michael Ochurub PhD, Andrew Jeremiah PhD, Mulisa Ignatius Kwizi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 764-778<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23deaa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23deaa7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23dec32\" data-id=\"23dec32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ded75 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23ded75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The WordPress Namibia Limited retrenched employees in 2020 to save costs and increased the productivity within the organisation. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the impact of retrenchment at WordPress Namibia Limited on employee wellbeing and productivity within the organisation. Retrenchment has become one of the most useful survival strategies implemented by organisations during turbulent business environment. The data was collected through the use of qualitative and quantitate methods with a sample size of forty-four employees. The data collected was analysed and presented using descriptive and deducible statistics to gain applicable answers to the study&#8217;s exploration questions. SPSS was also used for analysing the research questions, descriptive statistics in the form of simple probabilities, frequency distributions, weighted pars, and standard divagation was used. The main findings indicate that the retrenchment process has negatively affected employee wellbeing and productivity within the organisation. A vast majority of the respondents agreed that the retrenchment process resulted in reduced worker morale, demotivation, increased job insecurity, increased workload and extended working hours for the remaining employees. The study found that there was no prior consultation or effective communication with the employees before the retrenchment process started. It is recommended that retrenchment process should be well planned, with a proper communication strategy and ongoing consultations with the employees. The remaining employees need support from management to cope with the effects of retrenchment. There are other better options to be considered such as voluntary pay-outs, job merging, deployment etc. instead of forced retrenchment<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 764-778\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Michael Ochurub PhD <\/strong>\r\nSenior Lecturer (HRM) &#8211; Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)\r\nDepartment of Management, NUST, Namibia\r\nP.O .Box 55155, Rocky Crest, Windhoek, Namibia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Andrew Jeremiah PhD <\/strong>\r\nSenior Lecturer (HRM) &#8211; Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)\r\nDepartment of Management, NUST, Namibia\r\nP.O .Box 55155, Rocky Crest, Windhoek, Namibia<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mulisa Ignatius Kwizi <\/strong>\r\nHuman Resource Advisor \u2013 Rosh Pinah Zinc Corporation (Trevali)<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Abolade, D. 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Effects of retrenchment on the morale and job security of surviving employees of Telkom Kenya Limited. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/ijarbss\/v3-i9\/186\r\n[32] Ochieno, C. N. (2013). Effects of retrenchment on Organisational performance at the Telkom Kenya, Eldoret branch. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 4(4), 409-416.\r\n[33] Olungo, K., &amp; Ukpere, W. (2021). Recent Trends And Developments In The Global Workplace And Their Impact On Employment Relations In Kenya. Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, 21(2), 27\u201355.\r\n[34] Ramdhani, A., Ramdhani, M., &amp; Amin, A. (2014). Writing a literature review research paper: A step-by-step approach. International Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 3(1), 47\u201356.\r\n[35] Republic of Namibia. (2007). Namibia Labour Act No 11 of 2007. Windhoek. Government Printer.\r\n[36] Regina, S. (2015). Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Politics and Public Management the Effects of Retrenchment on Organisational Performance in Zimbabwe Case Study\u202f: National Foods Bulawayo 2008-2015 By Regina Sengwe R122301H Dissertation Submitted To the Faculty of. October.\r\n[37] Rwelamila, P. D. (2021). 21st Academy of African Business and Development Conference Entrepreneurship, Social Enterprise &amp; Economic Stability in the African Context.\r\n[38] Sayed, Z. (2013). The impact of downsizing on the remaining employees in the organisation (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Western Cape).\r\n[39] Shafig, S. (2018). Integrated Transport System for Kerman City in Iran &#8211; Key Success Factors. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(6), 323\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21276\/sjahss \\\r\n[40] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., &amp; Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson education.\r\n[41] Sengwe, R. (2015). The Effects of Retrenchment on Organisational Performance in Zimbabwe Case Study: National Foods Bulawayo 2008-2015 (Issue October). Midlands State University.\r\n[42] Smith, B. and Rutigliano, T. (2011), Reducing Staff the Right Way Smart strategies for approaching a manager&#8217;s toughest challenge: choosing who stays, and who goes\r\n[43] Titus, W. S., &amp; Daniel, O. A. (2018). Effect of Retrenchment Practices on Performance of Surviving Employees in State Corporations of Nakuru County. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 7(5), 126\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21275\/ART20178292\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Michael Ochurub PhD, Andrew Jeremiah PhD, Mulisa Ignatius Kwizi &#8220;Impact of Retrenchment on Employee Productivity at WordPress Namibia Limited&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.764-778 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/764-778.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-retrenchment-on-employee-productivity-at-wordpress-namibia-limited\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Impact of Retrenchment on Employee Productivity at WordPress Namibia Limited<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23dfbb4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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elementor-element-23e0695 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e0695\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e0835\" data-id=\"23e0835\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e0953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e0953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e09fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e09fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e0b45\" data-id=\"23e0b45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e0c53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e0c53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e0cef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e0cef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e0e3b\" data-id=\"23e0e3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e0f3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e0f3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e0fdc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e0fdc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e1148\" data-id=\"23e1148\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e1254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e1254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of environmental factors affecting student stress in educational spaces based on Shannon entropy<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Malihe Taghipour, Fatemeh Imani &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 779-784<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e12ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e12ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e1475\" data-id=\"23e1475\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e15ac elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23e15ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nStress is one of the important issues in modern societies and in fact an inevitable part of people\u2019s lives. Educational environment are among the environments where people experience stress. Therefore, identification and extraction of environmental stressors to reduce them and increase spatial relaxation is the main objective of the present study. In this research, survey methodology and Delphi technique have been used to answer the research questions. This study has focused on the attitude of experts and professors in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and architecture. In this regard, library resources were first studied and reviewed, and then open-ended interviews were conducted with twelve psychiatrists, psychologists, and professors in these areas in Shiraz, Iran. Then, Shannon&#8217;s content analysis method was used to analyze the information and extract the effective components of stress in educational environment according to the weight coefficients for their importance and acceptability. In the next step, the grouping of the contributing factors into four distinct categories was done by five professors in the field of architecture. The results indicate that independent variables have different degrees of impact on the dependent variable. Noise and inappropriate lighting were identified as the most important environmental components increasing the stress level. Congestion was determined as the most important psycho-social variable while inadequate availability of space and colors were suggested as significant physical and spatial components of stress. The conclusion of this study is some design strategies that are suggested to help in reducing stressors such as educational space location, arrangement, neighboring, shape, noise, heating, and cooling, \u2026.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 779-784\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6742<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Malihe Taghipour <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate professors, department of Interior design, Oman college of technology and management, Oman.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatemeh Imani <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate professors, department of Interior design, Oman college of technology and management, Oman.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Archer G. How does red light affect layer production, fear, and stress? Poultry science. 2018;98(1):3-8.\r\n[2] Azar A. Extension of the Shannon entropy method for processing data in content analysis.\r\n[3] Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1986.\r\n[4] Berto R. The role of nature in coping with psycho-physiological stress: a literature review on restorativeness. Behavioral sciences. 2014;4(4):394-409.\r\n[5] Coates JK, Pimlott\u2010Wilson H. Learning while playing: Children&#8217;s Forest School experiences in the UK. British Educational Research Journal. 2019;45(1):21-40.\r\n[6] Coburn A, Kardan O, Kotabe H, Steinberg J, Hout MC, Robbins A, et al. psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2019;62:133- 45.\r\n[7] Daiber A, Lelieveld J, Steven S, Oelze M, Kr\u00f6ller-Sch\u00f6n S, S\u00f8rensen M, et al. Traffic-related environmental risk factors and their impact on oxidative stress and cardiovascular health. Oxidative Stress: Elsevier; 2020. p. 489-510.\r\n[8] Eroglu S, Harrell GD. Retail crowding: Theoretical and strategic implications. Journal of retailing. 1986.\r\n[9] Eroglu SA, Machleit K, Barr TF. Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: the role of shopping values. Journal of business research. 2005;58(8):1146-53.\r\n[10] Glass DC, Singer JE. Urban stress: Experiments on noise and social stressors. 1972.\r\n[11] Habibi A, Ezadyar S, Sarafrazi A. Fuzzy MCDM. Rasht. Katibeh Gil Press.(In Persian); 2014.\r\n[12] Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2019;10(10):3847-52.\r\n[13] Journal of Educational and Learning Studies. 2019;1(1):16-22.\r\n[14] Journal of Humanities University of Al-Zahra. 2001;11(37):1-17.\r\n[15] Kassymova K, Tyumaseva Z, Valeeva G, Lavrinenko S, Arpentieva M, Kenzhaliyev B, et al. Integrative model of student and teacher stress coping: the correction of relations in educational, professional and personal interaction. \u049a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u049a\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d \u0420\u0415\u0421\u041f\u0423\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0421\u042b. 2019:169.\r\n[16] Khanifar H. Occupational stress and occupational environments, Factors, Theories, Effects. guideline, 2008: 1(2) : 1-38.\r\n[17] Kim PW. Ambient intelligence in a smart classroom for assessing students\u2019 engagement levels.\r\n[18] Lang j.Creating architectural theory: the role of the behavioral sciences in environmental design.2011.\r\n[19] Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company; 1984. 11.Davis K, Newstrom JW. Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at work. Singapore: Mc Graw. Inc; 1985.\r\n[20] Machleit KA, Eroglu SA, Mantel SP. Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: what modifies this relationship? Journal of consumer psychology. 2000;9(1):29-42.\r\n[21] Manzo LC. Qualitative Data and Design: Understanding the Experiential Qualities of Place.\r\n[22] Matson J. L. Acquisition of social skills by mentally retarded adult training assistants. Journal of intellectual disability research. 1980; 24.\r\n[23] Najafi N, Movahed K, Barzegar Z, Samani S,. Environmental Factors Affecting Students\u2019 Stress in the Educational Environment: A Case Study of Shiraz Schools. Int J School Health. 2018;5(2):e67153.\r\n[24] Najafi N, Movahed K, Barzegar Z, Samani S. The Effect of Thermal Comfort on Stress in Female High School Students. International Journal of School Health. 2018;5(3).\r\n[25] Najafi N, Movahed K, Barzegar Z, Samani S. The Effect of Ventilation by Window Opening on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression of Female High School Students. International Journal of School Health. 2019;6(2).\r\n[26] Pourdeyhimi Sh, haji seyed javadi F. The effect of light on human. Sofeh, 2008;17 (46), pp: 67-75.\r\n[27] Rapoport A. Human aspects of urban form: towards a man\u2014environment approach to urban form and design. Elsevier; 2016.\r\n[28] Syahril S, Hadiyanto H. Improving school climate for better quality educational management.\r\n[29] Technology| Architecture+ Design. 2019;3(2):142-5.\r\n[30] Vogel CL. Classroom design for living and learning with autism. Autism Asperger\u2019s Digest. 2008;7(1).\r\n[31] Watters P, Spas J. Finding creativity in the extrinsically motivated environment of architecture students. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. 2019:1-11.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Malihe Taghipour, Fatemeh Imani, &#8220;Evaluation of environmental factors affecting student stress in educational spaces based on Shannon entropy&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.779-784 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6742<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/779-784.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-environmental-factors-affecting-student-stress-in-educational-spaces-based-on-shannon-entropy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of environmental factors affecting student stress in educational spaces based on Shannon entropy<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e24fa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23e24fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e275b\" data-id=\"23e275b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e287c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e287c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e2929 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e2929\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e2a74\" data-id=\"23e2a74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e2b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e2b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e2c2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e2c2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e2da5\" data-id=\"23e2da5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e2eb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e2eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e2f57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e2f57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e30ad\" data-id=\"23e30ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e31b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e31b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e3254 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e3254\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e33a3\" data-id=\"23e33a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e34b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e34b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e3550 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e3550\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e3697\" data-id=\"23e3697\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e37aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e37aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e384c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e384c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e39bb\" data-id=\"23e39bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e3add elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e3add\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mindfulness &amp; stress level of the employees who work in the finance sector (An inclusive cross-sectional study on the Job related stress of the finance sector\u2019s Hinduism employees in Northern peninsula in Sri Lanka during the period of Covid-19)<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ven. Wijithadhamma, Medagampitiye, Wasantha HPC &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 785-793<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e3b84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e3b84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e3d08\" data-id=\"23e3d08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e3e35 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23e3e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Stress happens everywhere to each person and it is really a typical part of an individual&#8217;s life. It\u2019s the body and mind reaction to a new and challenging situation. Everyone has different stress triggers. Work stress tops the list, according to surveys (Watson, S., 16 March 2022). The situation of COVID -19 carried a dissimilar shape and color to the workplace or work\/job related stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated one of the worst jobs crises and there is a real hazard that the crisis was an expansion of stress in different ways to individuals who work in many jobs everywhere in the world. Studies claimed that there is an inverse association between mindfulness and stress (rdw.rowan.edu). According to the American Psychological Association- (APA) mindfulness meditation can improve both mental and physical health (Bartlett L, Buscot MJ., Bindoff A., Chambers R., Hassed C. at all, 10 September 2021). Kabat-Zinn defined mindfulness as \u201cthe awareness that arises through giving attention, on purpose, in the current moment, and non-judgmentally to the relating of experience moment by moment\u201d (Kabat- Zinn, 2003, p. 145).\r\nThis cross-sectional study focused on applying mindfulness for managing job stress in the finance sector employees in Northern peninsula in Sri Lanka during the period of Covid-19. All the participants represented the religion of Hinduism. Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or way of life (Sharma, 2003, pp. 12\u201313) and the dominant religion of India that emphasizes dharma with its resulting ritual and social observances and often mystical contemplation and ascetic practices (Merriam-webster.com). In this background, this research attempted to get an answer for the question; \u201ccould mindfulness be effective for managing work-place stress of the Hinduism employees who work in the field of finance during the pandemic of COVIID-9\u201d. Henceforth, the general objective of this research is measuring the successfulness of the mindfulness for managing the work stress of Hinduism employees during the pandemic situation of COVIID-9. Specific objectives of this study are examine: 1) the physical, mental, and emotional effects of the stress at this pandemic situation that these employees are experiencing, 2) the capability of staying in the current moment; level of mindfulness of the employees &amp; 3) Contribution of mindfulness to reduce the symptoms of perceived stress of the employees. The study was grounded on both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected online from 36 employees who represent top to bottom management level in the finance sector in Northern Province in Sri Lanka. Gathering of data was a vital part of the study and interviews and informal discussions had been conducted before and after the MBSR program.\r\nAs this is a mixed methods research, data interpretation was done using both quantitative and qualitative measures. It was observed that as a whole, before the MBSR program, many employees who worked in the Northern Province experienced moderate levels of stress and the data showed that employees had a considerable amount of mindfulness level. After the MBSR program the coping mechanism of the stress has developed into a positive level and the mindfulness level has greatly increased of the employees.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 785-793\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ven. Wijithadhamma <\/strong> Professor, Department of Pali and Buddhist Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences &amp; Humanities, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Medagampitiye, Wasantha HPC <\/strong>\r\nSenior Lecturer, Sri Lanka Foundation Institute, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bilimoria, ed. (2007), Indian Ethics: Classical Traditions and Contemporary Challenges\r\n[2] Dharma, Samanya; Kane, P. V. History of Dharmasastra. Vol. 2. pp. 4\u20135.\r\n[3] Doniger, Wendy (2014), On Hinduism, Oxford University Press USA, ISBN 978-0-19-936007- 9, archived from the original on 29 December 2020, retrieved 29 December 2020\r\n[4] Ellinger, Herbert, 1996, Hinduism. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 69\u201370\r\n[5] Flood, Galvin D. 1996, An Introduction to Hinduism. London: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[6] Goonasekera, Sunil, 2007, Walking to Kataragama. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. p. 520. ISBN 978-955-580-110-2.\r\n[7] King, Richard (1999). Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and &#8220;The Mystic East&#8221;. Routledge.\r\n[8] Knott, Kim (1998). Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-160645-8. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2015.\r\n[9] Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar\r\n[10] Notes, Sri Lanka Travel. &#8220;Nallur Kovil, Jaffna&#8221;. www.srilankatravelnotes.com. Retrieved 24 April 2017\r\n[11] Obeyesekere, Gananath, 1977, &#8220;Social Change and the Deities: Rise of the Kataragama Cult in Modern Sri Lanka&#8221;. Man. 12 (3\/4): 377\u2013396. doi:10.2307\/2800544. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2800544.\r\n[12] Radhakrishnan, S.; Moore, C. A. (1967). A Source Book in Indian Philosophy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01958-1.\r\n[13] Sharma, Arvind (2003). The Study of Hinduism. University of South Carolina Press.\r\n[14] Sharma, Suresh K.; Sharma, Usha (2004), Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Hinduism, Mittal Publications, ISBN 978-81-7099-956-0, archived from the original on 29 December 2020, retrieved 29 December 2020\r\n[15] Smith, Brian K. (1998). &#8220;Questioning Authority: Constructions and Deconstructions of Hinduism&#8221;. International Journal of Hindu Studies. 2 (3): 313\u2013339\r\n[16] Sweetman, Will (2004). &#8220;The prehistory of Orientalism: Colonialism and the Textual Basis for Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg&#8217;s Account of Hinduism&#8221; (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies. 6 (2): 12\u201338. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2013. &#8220;Buddhism in Sri Lanka: A Short History&#8221;. www.accesstoinsight.org. Retrieved 27 May 2021\r\n[17] &#8220;Hindu Countries 2021&#8221;. World Population Review. 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021. (&#8220;Sri Lanka: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population&#8221;. World Gazetteer. Retrieved 21 April 2012\r\n[18] \u201cHinduism.\u201d Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/Hinduism. Accessed 9 Apr. 2022\r\n[19] home.kpmg\/xx\/en\/home\/insights\/2020\/07\/covid-19-impact-on-banking-m-and-a 2020.html\r\n[20] https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\r\n[21] https:\/\/positivepsychology.com\/history-of-mindfulness\r\n[22] sanskritdictionary.com. Retrieved 19 November 2021\r\n[23] Tuesday, May 31, 2022, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ven. Wijithadhamma, Medagampitiye, Wasantha HPC &#8220;Mindfulness &amp; stress level of the employees who work in the finance sector (An inclusive cross-sectional study on the Job related stress of the finance sector\u2019s Hinduism employees in Northern peninsula in Sri Lanka during the period of Covid-19)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.785-793 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/785-793.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/785-793.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/mindfulness-stress-level-of-the-employees-who-work-in-the-finance-sector-an-inclusive-cross-sectional-study-on-the-job-related-stress-of-the-finance-sectors-hinduism-employees-in-northern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Mindfulness &amp; stress level of the employees who work in the finance sector (An inclusive cross-sectional study on the Job related stress of the finance sector\u2019s Hinduism employees in Northern peninsula in Sri Lanka during the period of Covid-19)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e4dd5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23e4dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e537e\" data-id=\"23e537e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e54a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e54a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e5540 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e5540\" data-element_type=\"section\" 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data-id=\"23e583f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e5980\" data-id=\"23e5980\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e5a8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e5a8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e5b2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e5b2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e5c7a\" data-id=\"23e5c7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e5d7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e5d7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e5e26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e5e26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e5f79\" data-id=\"23e5f79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e607e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e607e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e6119 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e6119\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e6289\" data-id=\"23e6289\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e63a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e63a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of the Practice of School Health Services among Primary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olabimpe Kofoworade, Olanike Oladibu, Samson Ojedokun, Adedayo Kofoworade, Mohammed Abdulkadir,Omotayo Adesiyun, Ayodele Ojuawo &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 794-800<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e6441 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e6441\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e65ca\" data-id=\"23e65ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e66f6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23e66f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: School Health Services (SHS), is an essential component of the school health programme. It ensures the achievement of Education for All (EFA); inclusive of children with special needs.\r\nObjective: This study aimed to assess the current practice of SHS among primary schools in north-central Nigeria\r\nMethod: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in 128 primary schools comprising 64 private and 64 public schools in Ilorin, Nigeria. The School Health Programme Evaluation Scale (SHPES), self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. The data collected on the questionnaire was appropriately verified and computed for analysis.\r\nResult: One hundred and seven schools met the minimum acceptable score of 19 in SHS\r\nConclusion: From our assessment, the majority of those who met the minimum score were private schools. Hence, private schools performed better than public schools in practicing school health services.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 794-800\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olabimpe Kofoworade<\/strong>\r\nBowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olanike Oladibu <\/strong>\r\nLAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samson Ojedokun <\/strong>\r\nLAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adedayo Kofoworade <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Abdulkadir <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Omotayo Adesiyun <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayodele Ojuawo <\/strong>\r\nUniversity of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] O. M. Ademokun, K. O. Osungbade, and T. A. Obembe, \u201cA qualitative study on status of implementation of school health programme in south western Nigeria: implications for healthy living of school age children in developing countries,\u201d American Journal of Educational Research, vol. 2, pp. 1076\u20131087, 2014.\r\n[2] F. M. of E. Nigeria, National school health policy. Abuja, 2006.\r\n[3] A. A. Nwadiuto and K. E. O. Nkanginieme, \u201cSchool health programme,\u201d in Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region, 2nd ed., J. C. Azubuike and K. E. O. Nkanginieme, Eds. Port Harcourt: African Educational Services, Nigeria, 2007, pp. 47\u201354.\r\n[4] O. O. Joseph, \u201cImpact of school health services on knowledge, attitude &amp; practice of health among students towards strenghtening national health status in Delta state university Abraka,\u201d European Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 4, pp. 83\u201389, 2012.\r\n[5] A. A.-H. Balafama and A. A. Nwadiuto, \u201cAn evaluation of the health status of the school environment in public primary schools in Bonny local government area, Rivers state,\u201d The Nigerian Health Journal, vol. 11, pp. 83\u201388, 2011.\r\n[6] C. Uneke, K. Eze, P. Oyibo, N. Azu, and E. Ali, \u201cSoil transmitted helminth infection school children in South- Eastern Nigeria: The public health implication,\u201d The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine, vol. 4, pp. 1539\u20134646, 2007.\r\n[7] C. Bonell, A. Harden, H. Wells, F. Jamal, A. Fletcher, and M. et al Petticrew, \u201cProtocol for a systematic review of the effects of schools and school-environment interventions on health: evidence mapping and syntheses,\u201d BMC Public Health, vol. 11, p. 453, 2011.\r\n[8] N. Freudenberg and J. Ruglis, \u201cReframing school dropout as a public health issue,\u201d Prev Chronic Dis, vol. 4, p. A107, 2007.\r\n[9] G. Ofovwe and A. Ofili, \u201cKnowledge, attitude and practice of school health programme among head teachers of primary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state, Nigeria,\u201d Annals of African Medicine, vol. 6, p. 99, 2007, doi: 10.4103\/1596-3519.55726.\r\n[10] \u201cNational Population Commission 2006 provisional census figures by States and LGA,\u201d 2006.\r\n[11] F. M. of E. Nigeria, \u201cAnnual School Census Report 2011-2012,\u201d 2012.\r\n[12] C. Anderson and W. Creswell, School health practice, 7th ed. St Louis: Mosby Company, 1980.\r\n[13] A. U. Ejifugha and A. Ibhafidon, \u201cEvaluation of school health services in nomadic primary schools in Southwestern Nigeria,\u201d Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 155\u2013164, 2012.\r\n[14] O. Oyinlade, O. Ogunkunle, and D. Olanrewaju, \u201cAn evaluation of school health services in Sagamu, Nigeria,\u201d Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, vol. 17, pp. 336\u2013342, 2014.\r\n[15] B. Alex-Hart, N. Akani, and K. Nkanginieme, \u201cEvaluation of school health services in public primary schools in Bonny local government area, Rivers State,\u201d Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, vol. 35, pp. 60\u201366, 2008.\r\n[16] S. Wander, A. David, B. Rebecca, K. Lucas, and F. Allen, \u201cPrevalence of eye diseases in primary school children in a rural area of Tanzania,\u201d British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 84, pp. 1291\u20131297, 2000.\r\n[17] O. Kuponiyi, O. Amoran, and O. Kuponiyi, \u201cSchool health services and its practice among public and private primary schools in Western Nigeria,\u201d BMC Research Notes, vol. 9, p. 203, 2016.\r\n[18] A. I. Ojugo, \u201cStatus of health appraisal services for primary school children in Edo state, Nigeria,\u201d International Electronic Journal of Health Education, vol. 8, pp. 146\u2013152, 2005.\r\n[19] O. Olatunya, \u201cEvaluation of the school health programme among primary schools in Ilesa East local government area of Osun state, Nigeria,\u201d A dissertation submitted to the NPMCN, in part fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the fellowship of the college of paediatrics., 2011.\r\n[20] A. Nwachukwu, \u201cImplementation of school health programme in Imo state, Nigeria: Implications for the future,\u201d Nigeria School Health Journal, vol. 16, pp. 83\u201392, 2004.\r\n[21] C. Ezeonu, B. Ibe, and N. Akani, \u201cAn assessment of school health services in primary schools within Abakaliki metropolis,\u201d Paper presented at the 7th international scientific conference of the paediatric association of Nigeria (PANCONF) held in Abuja January 2011.\r\n[22] N. Brener, L. Wheeler, L. Wolfe, S. Vermon, and O. Caldart, \u201cHealth services: Results from the school health policy and programmes study 2006,\u201d Journal of School Health, vol. 77, pp. 464\u2013485, 2007.\r\n[23] O. Olatunya, S. Oseni, A. Olaleye, A. Olatunya, N. Akani, and O. Oyelami, \u201cSchool health services in nigeria: a sleeping giant?,\u201d The African Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 28, pp. 127\u2013141, 2015.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olabimpe Kofoworade, Olanike Oladibu, Samson Ojedokun, Adedayo Kofoworade, Mohammed Abdulkadir,Omotayo Adesiyun, Ayodele Ojuawo &#8220;Assessment of the Practice of School Health Services among Primary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.794-800 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/794-800.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/794-800.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-the-practice-of-school-health-services-among-primary-schools-in-ilorin-metropolis-kwara-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Assessment of the Practice of School Health Services among Primary Schools in Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e764a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23e764a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e7724 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e7724\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e7896\" data-id=\"23e7896\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e79bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e79bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e7a5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e7a5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e7bbd\" data-id=\"23e7bbd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e7ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e7ccc\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e8303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e8303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e83a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e83a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e84fb\" data-id=\"23e84fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e8611 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e8611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e86ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e86ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e8807\" data-id=\"23e8807\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e891f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e891f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e89c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e89c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e8b51\" data-id=\"23e8b51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e8c64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23e8c64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Challenges Faced by Academicians in Research and Publications in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of Kampala International University in Tanzania<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Mary A. Mosha &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 801-807<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23e8d0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23e8d0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e8e9c\" data-id=\"23e8e9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23e8fd5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23e8fd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was conducted at Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT) to establish challenges facing academic staff in doing research and publishing their outputs in scholarly journals. The study had a sample of 123 staffs that were selected through purposive sampling technique. The sample included senior and junior academic staffs. Data were collected through in-depth interview and documentary review and analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that few academic staffs were publishing despite the existing of university local Journal of Social Sciences and Business Studies. The staffs were faced with a number of challenges such as low motivation, lack of research funds, and incentives, teaching load and university various responsibilities. In addition to that, junior staffs lack mentorship, awareness of accredited journals to publish and knowledge on how to publish papers. Firstly, the study recommends the staff to apply for research funds and not to depend only to the Directorate of Postgraduate Studies and Research to seek funds for them. Secondly, the university should establish a mechanism to support its staffs rather than depending on research funds from funders that are hard to get. Thirdly, the fact that seminars and workshops are conducted at the university; academic staffs are required to attend in order to gain knowledge and skills on how to publish their research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 801-807\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mary A. Mosha <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Education, Kampala International University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Albers, S. (2015). What drives publication productivity in German business faculties? Publication Productivity, 67(1), 6-33 https:doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03396921.\r\n[2] Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risebey, K. R., &amp; Justin, G. J. (2005). A theoretical, practical, predictive model of faculty and department research productivity. Academic Medicine, 80(3), 225-237.\r\n[3] Bricki, N., &amp; Green, J. (2007). A guide to using qualitative research methodology. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10144\/84230.\r\n[4] Castillo, J. A &amp; Powell, M.A. (2020). Research impact and international collaboration: A study of Ecuadorian Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F1538192718779169\r\n[5] Chipeta, J. &amp; Nyambe, I. (2012). Publish or perish: Ushering in UNZA-JABS. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53974\/unza.jabs.1.1.321.\r\n[6] Cole, J., &amp; Cole, S. (1967). Scientific output and recognition: A study in the operation of the reward system in science. American Sociological Review, 32(3), 377\u2013390.\r\n[7] Esau, G. M., Anderson, H., Dennis, M., Vibert, M., Sophie, K. N., &amp; Sylvia, M. K. (2020). Publish or perish: Challenges faced by academicians in research publications at the University of Zambia, https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/341913705.\r\n[8] Geiger, R. (2015). To advance knowledge: The growth of American Research Universities: 1900-1940. New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[9] Hedjazi, Y., &amp; Behravan, J. (2011). Study of factors influencing research productivity of agriculture faculty members in Iran. Higher Education, 62(5), 635\u2013647.\r\n[10] Heng, K., Hamid, M. O., &amp; Khan, A. (2020). Factors influencing academics\u2019 research engagement and productivity: A developing countries perspective. Issues in Educational Research, 30(3), 965-987.\r\n[11] Jaffe, K., Horst, E., Gunn, L. H., Zambrano, J. D., &amp; Molina, G. (2020). A network analysis of research productivity by country, discipline, and wealth. PLoS One, 15(5), 1\u201315.\r\n[12] Joffe, H. &amp; Yardley, L., (2004). Content and thematic analysis: Research methods for clinical and health psychology. California: Sage Publications.\r\n[13] Kapp, C.A et al (2011). Writing for Publication: An international to overcome barriers to scholarly writing. South Africa Journal of Higher Education, 25(24): 741 759.\r\n[14] Kaur, C. D. (2013). Research publications: Need for academicians. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. Vol. 3: Issue 4, 220-228.\r\n[15] Khalil, O. E. M., &amp; Khalil, N. (2019) Business research productivity and barriers. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 26(1), 34\u201357.\r\n[16] Kitchin, D. R. &amp; Fuller, D. (2005). The academic&#8217;s guide to publishing. Sage Publications Ltd. https:\/\/www.torrossa.com\/en\/resources\/an\/4913256.\r\n[17] Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology. New Delhi: New Age.\r\n[18] Kumwenda, S. (2015). Challenges facing young African scientists in their research careers: A qualitative exploratory study. Zomba, Malawi: Chancellor College.\r\n[19] Lotka, A. J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 16(12), 317-323.\r\n[20] Magolda, M. B., Jessica, Y., Creamer, E. G. (2010). Preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of a quantitative measure of self-authorship. Journal of College Student Development Press, Volume 51, Number 5, pp. 550-562.\r\n[21] Masaiti, G. and Mwale, N. (2017). University of Zambia: Contextualization and contribution to flagship status in Zambia. In D. Teferra (Ed.), Flagship Universities in Africa (pp. 467- 505). Palgrave: Macmillan.\r\n[22] Miller, D. (2011) Miller (1983) Revisited: A reflection on EO research and some suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35, 873-894.\r\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2011.00457.x\r\n[23] Mohamed, M., &amp; Rajab, M. (2016). Qualitative analysis methods and review. College of Business: Technological University Dublin.\r\n[24] Neave, L., Connor, J., and Crawford, A. (2007). Arts of publication: Scholarly publishing in Australia and beyond. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing.\r\n[25] Ngulube, P. (2004). Implications of technological advances for access to the cultural heritage of selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Government Information Quarterly, Volume 21, Issue 2, pp. 143-155.\r\n[26] Ravitch, S. M. &amp; Riggan, M. (2017). How conceptual frameworks guide research. 2nd Edn. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.\r\n[27] S\u00e1, C., Cowley, S., Martinez, M., Kachynska, N., &amp; Sabzalieva, E. (2020). Gender gaps in\r\n[28] research productivity and recognition among elite scientists in the U.S., Canada, and South Africa. PLoS One, 15(10), 1\u201314.\r\n[29] Salinas-\u00c1vila, J., Abreu-Led\u00f3n, R., &amp; Tamayo-Arias, J. (2020). Intellectual capital and knowledge generation: An empirical study from Colombian public universities. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6), 1053\u20131084.\r\n[30] Shumba, A. (2010). Accredited research output by academic staff. Paper presented at a research orientation seminar School of Teacher Education Central. University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 18 March 2010.\r\n[31] Tanzania Commission for Universities (2019). Handbook for standards and guidelines for University Education in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: The Tanzania Commission for Universities.\r\n[32] Tierney, W. G. (2012). The responsive university: Restructuring for high performance. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.\r\n[33] UKaid (2019). Assessing the needs of the research system in Tanzania. Report for the SRIA programme. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.dfid.gov.uk\r\n[34] UNESCO (2015). Elestado actual de ciencia en el mundo [The current state of science in the world]. Paris: UNESCO.\r\n[35] Wills, D., Ridley, G., &amp; Mitev, H. (2011). Research productivity of accounting academics in changing and challenging times. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 9(1), 4\u201325.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Mary A. Mosha &#8220;Challenges Faced by Academicians in Research and Publications in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of Kampala International University in Tanzania&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.801-807 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/801-807.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/801-807.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/challenges-faced-by-academicians-in-research-and-publications-in-higher-learning-institutions-a-case-study-of-kampala-international-university-in-tanzania\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Challenges Faced by Academicians in Research and Publications in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of Kampala International University in Tanzania<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ea068 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23ea068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ea13e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ea13e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ea2c8\" data-id=\"23ea2c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ea3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ea3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ea497 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ea497\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ea5fa\" data-id=\"23ea5fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ea707 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ea707\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ea7a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ea7a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ea8f5\" data-id=\"23ea8f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23eaa1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23eaa1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eaab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eaab9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23eac07\" data-id=\"23eac07\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ead0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ead0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eadb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eadb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23eaf02\" data-id=\"23eaf02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23eb019 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23eb019\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eb0b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eb0b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23eb207\" data-id=\"23eb207\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23eb30d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23eb30d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eb3a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eb3a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23eb516\" data-id=\"23eb516\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23eb62f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23eb62f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>What Remains in Social Science Instruction During the Changing Times in a State-funded School in Southern Philippines: Moving Forward and What Can Be Done<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Daryl Niko Lofranco Cempron &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 808-813<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eb6cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eb6cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23eb84b\" data-id=\"23eb84b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23eb984 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23eb984\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study primarily aimed at determining and utilizing extent of the Social Science instructors on instructional materials, and framing a capacity development framework to secure the quality of instructional delivery in the changing times. It employed the descriptive design undertaking the purposive sampling which resulted in obtaining 26 respondents from the total population, thus descriptive statistics had been used in analyzing and interpreting the collected data. The results reflected how social sciences are being taught by the 26 purposively sampled respondents and showed that the underlying instructional materials or the non-technological ones remained as top materials that are often and occasionally being utilized, collectively implying that regardless that these are categorized as traditional and commonly used, are still being perceived as efficient and effective, such that optimizing and redesigning them to adapt to the changing landscape of instruction is elucidated in this paper through a capacity development program paradigm, in which the implementation is urgently recommended.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 808-813\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6743<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daryl Niko Lofranco Cempron <\/strong>\r\nDepartment of Professional Education, Central Mindanao University\r\nUniversity Town, Musuan, Maramag, 8714 Bukidnon, Philippines<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Abdelraheem, A. Y., &amp; Al-Rabane, A. H. (2005). Utilization and benefits of instructional media in teaching social studies courses as perceived by Omani students. Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology, 2(1), 1-8.\r\n[2] Ajoke, A. R. (2017). The Importance of instructional materials in teaching English as a Second Language. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(9), 36-44. http:\/\/www.ijhssi.org\/papers\/v6(9)\/Version-3\/F0609033644.pdf\r\n[3] Asogwa, V. C., Isiwu, E. C., &amp; Ugwuoke, C. U. (2021). Effect of instructional materials on students\u2019 academic achievement in fishery in senior secondary schools. Global Journal of Educational Research, 20(2), 153-161. https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/gjedr\/article\/view\/218878\r\n[4] Fourtan\u00e9, S. (2021, December 1). 9 Trends to Look for in Higher Education 4.0. https:\/\/www.fierceeducation.com\/best-practices\/9-trends-to-look-for-higher-education-4-0#:~:text=Education%204.0%20describes%20mainly%20the,on%20smart%20and%20innovative%20technology.\r\n[5] Ghanizadeh, A., Al-Hoorie, A. H., &amp; Jahedizadeh, S. (2020). Graphic Organizers. In Higher Order Thinking Skills in the Language Classroom: A Concise Guide (pp. 53-100). Springer, Cham.\r\n[6] Hamora, L., Rabaya, M., Pentang, J., Piza\u00f1a, A., &amp; Gamozo, M. J. (2022). Students\u2019 evaluation of faculty-prepared instructional modules: Inferences for instructional materials review and revision. Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies, 2(2), 20-29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52631\/jemds.v2i2.109\r\n[7] Heafner, T. (2004). Using technology to motivate students to learn social studies. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 4(1), 42-53. https:\/\/citejournal.org\/volume-4\/issue-1-04\/social-studies\/using-technology-to-motivate-students-to-learn-social-studies\/\r\nHurley, K. (2020). What Is Resilience? Your Guide to Facing Life\u2019s Challenges, Adversities, and Crises. Everyday Health. https:\/\/www.everydayhealth.com\/wellness\/resilience\/.\r\n[8] Hussin, A. A. (2018). Education 4.0 made simple: Ideas for teaching. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 92-98. http:\/\/www.journals.aiac.org.au\/index.php\/IJELS\/article\/viewFile\/4616\/351\r\n[9] Masvaure, R. (2019). An investigation into the role played by instructional resources in the learning of History. A case study of Mushowani secondary, Madziva rural, and Mutumba High school (Doctoral dissertation, BUSE).\r\n[10] Moralista, R. &amp; Oducado, R. M. (2020). Faculty perception toward online education in a state college in the Philippines during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4736-4742. https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-02968006\/document\r\n[11] Nwagbata, A. R., Emejue, C. E., &amp; Ukaegbu, I. U. (2021). Utilization of Instructional Materials as Tools for Effective Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Anambra State. Journal of Educational Research &amp; Development, 4(2). http:\/\/educationalresearchdevelopmentjournal.com\/index.php\/JERD\/article\/view\/37\r\n[12] Okobia, E. O. (2011). Availability and teachers&#8217; use of instructional materials and resources in the implementation of social studies in junior secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. Rev. Eur. Stud., 3, 90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/res.v3n2p90.\r\n[13] Olayinka, A. R. B. (2016). Effects of Instructional Materials on Secondary Schools Students&#8217; Academic Achievement in Social Studies in Ekiti State, Nigeria. World Journal of Education, 6(1), 32-39.: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5430\/wje.v6n1p32\r\n[14] Philippine Statistics Authority. (2011). Statistics on Filipino Women. Journal of Philippine Statistics, 62(1), 13-14. https:\/\/psa.gov.ph\/content\/journal-philippine-statistics-jps\r\n[15] Rotas, E. E., &amp; Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Difficulties in Remote Learning: Voices of Philippine University Students in the Wake of COVID-19 Crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 147-158. https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ1285295.pdf\r\n\r\nInterview transcripts:\r\n\r\n1. Respondent 1, personal communication, February 1, 2021\r\n2. Respondent 3, personal communication, February 5, 2021\r\n3. Respondent 7, personal communication, February 20, 2021\r\n4. Respondent 11, personal communication, February 21, 2021\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Daryl Niko Lofranco Cempron &#8220;What Remains in Social Science Instruction During the Changing Times in a State-funded School in Southern Philippines: Moving Forward and What Can Be Done&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.808-813 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6743<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/808-813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/what-remains-in-social-science-instruction-during-the-changing-times-in-a-state-funded-school-in-southern-philippines-moving-forward-and-what-can-be-done\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>What Remains in Social Science Instruction During the Changing Times in a State-funded School in Southern Philippines: Moving Forward and What Can Be Done<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ecd47 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23ecd47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ece13 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ece13\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ecf90\" data-id=\"23ecf90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed0bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ed0bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ed160 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ed160\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ed2ba\" data-id=\"23ed2ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed3ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ed3ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ed482 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ed482\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ed5d4\" data-id=\"23ed5d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed6e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ed6e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ed785 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ed785\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ed8d6\" data-id=\"23ed8d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed9e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ed9e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23eda79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23eda79\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23edbc4\" data-id=\"23edbc4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23edcd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23edcd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23edd6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23edd6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23edeb5\" data-id=\"23edeb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23edfbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23edfbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ee05d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ee05d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ee1be\" data-id=\"23ee1be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ee2d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23ee2d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development of Journalism Education in India: Problems and Prospects<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Md Abul Kalam Azad &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 814-818<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23ee373 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23ee373\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23ef069\" data-id=\"23ef069\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ef1ec elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23ef1ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">To cope up the challenge of globalization and information revolution, journalism education in India has flourished extensively by last seventy years of its inception. As a subject of profession, communication and journalism is very significant in the context that communication revolution in India has been identified as the crucial pathway to national development. Therefore, the media industry has expanded immensely and to fulfill its growing demand, within last seven decades from the beginning in 1941, a good number of university departments and institutions have been established for media education. More than 200 departments and institutes in India offer Bachelor, Masters, Post Graduate Diploma, MPhil and PhD programs in the field of mass communication and journalism. Among them, a good number of departments and institutes, enriched with scholarly professors, are internationally renowned in terms of global standard in media education. These prominent institutes, well-equipped with modern facility are playing contributory role by obtaining glorious achievements. However, still there are many Indian journalism institutes which beset with manifold problems including fund constraint, westernized text and curricula, insufficient research, lacking in practical training and so on. Nevertheless, Indian leading journalism institutes deserve kudos in terms of standard media education.\r\nThis article strives to pinpoint the status of prominent journalism institutes in India by identifying problems and prospects<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 814-818\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md Abul Kalam Azad <\/strong>\r\nFaculty Member\r\nDepartment of Communication and Journalism\r\nUniversity of Chittagong, Bangladesh<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Bockino, D. &amp; Hill, C. (2015). &#8221; The noble path&#8221;: Journalism education and journalism students in the United States and India (Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). http:\/\/ cdr.lib.unc.edu\/record\/uuid:84bdaac3-4292-4283-a18c-4c248728d4fb\r\n[2] Campus Diaries (2014). Top 9 Journalism Colleges in India http:\/\/campusdiaries.com\/stories\/top-9-journalism-colleges-in-india-did-your-college-make-the-list\r\n[3] Eapen, K. E. (1991). Journalism Education and Textbooks in SAARC countries. http:\/\/www.uta.fi\/cmt\/textbooks\/india_saarc.html\r\n[4] Editworks School of Mass Communication (2015). http;\/\/ www.editworks.co.in\r\n[5] IP College. (2002). http:\/\/ www.ipcollege.ac.in\r\n[6] Kushabhau Thakare Patrakarita Avam Jansanchar Vishwavidyalaya (KTPAJV). (2015). Kushabhau Thakare Patrakarita Avam Jansanchar Vishwavidyalaya. http: \/\/ www.ktujm.ac.in\r\n[7] Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and Communication (MCNUJC). (2015). http:\/\/ www.mcu.ac.in.\r\n[8] MIT International School of Broadcasting and Journalism. (2015). http:\/\/ www.mitisbj.com\r\n[9] Muppidi, S. R. (2008). Journalism education in India. Media Asia, 35(2), 67-83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01296612.2008.11726871\r\n[10] Pattnaik, S. (2001). Sixty Years of Indian Journalism Education\u2014Prospects and Problems. Media Watch, http:\/\/ www.mediawatchglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/Sixty-Years-of-Indian-Journalism-Education.pdf\r\n[11] Singh, P. P. (1960). Training of Journalists in South East Asia. http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0014\/001478\/147889ed.pdf\r\n[12] University of Calicutta (UOC). (2015). History of Journalism. http:\/\/www.universityofcalicut.info\/syl\/HISTORYOFJOURNALISM.pdf\r\n[13] University of Mysore (UOM). (2015). Department of Communication and Journalism. http:\/\/uni-mysore.ac.in\/assets\/faculty\/dept_journalism\/Communication-Journalism-Dept-History.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md Abul Kalam Azad &#8220;Development of Journalism Education in India: Problems and Prospects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.814-818 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/814-818.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f0a4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f0b9d\" data-id=\"23f0b9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f0ca4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f0ca4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f0d40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f0d40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f0e8f\" data-id=\"23f0e8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f0f9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f0f9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f1035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f1035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f1538\" data-id=\"23f1538\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f1698 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f1698\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f1756 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f1756\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f18cb\" data-id=\"23f18cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f19e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f19e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sustainable marketing and the moderation effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Olawale Lola Adetunji, Oluwakemi Oludotun Oyefesobi, Oyindamola Zainab Ajao, Adeola Ahbeeb Adekunle &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 819-826<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f1a82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f1a82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f1c0d\" data-id=\"23f1c0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f2201 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23f2201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3761\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Numerous evidence abound in various scholarly research studies that the growing challenges of deposit money banks remain consistent given that environmental challenges like Covid19\/varying associated pandemic have continue to place more and more negative impact on organisational performance of deposit money banks particularly in Nigeria, yet deposit money banks still somehow continue to operate on the mirage of not giving due attention to some sustainable marketing elements. With the intent of investigating the affinity between sustainable marketing and the moderation effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance in selected deposit money banks in Nigeria,a sample of 565 was adopted from the study population of 1542 employees of selected deposit money banks, and the the inferential statistics for the analysis of the interaction between sustainable marketing and the moderating effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria revealed that customer cognition had significant moderating effect on the relationship between sustainable marketing and organizational performance (\uf044R2 = 0.0157, \uf044F(1, 491) = 11.259, p&lt;0.05). This therefore led the study to conclude on significant positive impact of sustainable marketing on organisational performance given the moderating effect of consumer cognition, hence the need for more attention on the elements of sustainable marketing for enhanced organisational performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 819-826\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3762\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olawale Lola Adetunji <\/strong>\r\nMoshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oluwakemi Oludotun Oyefesobi <\/strong>\r\nMoshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyindamola Zainab Ajao <\/strong>\r\nMoshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeola Ahbeeb Adekunle <\/strong>\r\nMoshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3763\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] 3-strategies-that-work-3305828.\r\n[2] 3-strategies-that-work-3305828.\r\n[3] Ahmed, Z., Rizwan, M., Ahmad, M., &amp; Haq, M. (2014). Effect of brand trust and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty in Bahawalpur. Journal of Sociological Research, 5(1), 306-326.\r\n[4] Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology and Health Journal, 26(9), 1113-1127.\r\n[5] Ajzen, I. (2015). Consumer attitudes and behavior: The theory of planned behavior applied to food consumption decisions. Rivista di Economia Agraria, LXX(2), 121-138.\r\n[6] Anaeto, E. (2015). Banking industry environment: 2014-2016 challenges. Vanguard Morning Post. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\r\n[7] Barile, S., Carrubbo, L., Iandolo, F., &amp; Caputo, F. (2013). From \u2018ego\u2019 to \u2018eco\u2019 in b2b relationships. Journal of Business Marketing Management, 6, 228\u2013253.\r\n[8] Belz, F. M., &amp; Peattie, K. (2009). Sustainability marketing: A global perspective. Chichester Marketing Review St. Gallen, 27(5), 8\u201315.\r\n[9] Belz, F. M., &amp; Peattie, K. (2012). 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The effect of consumer satisfaction and brand personality on brand loyalty within consumer personality traits framework (case study: Home appliances products in Ghaemshahr city). Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 2(5), 263-271.\r\n[25] Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., &amp; Sarah Hollitt, S. (2014). Exposure to television food advertising primes food-related cognitions and triggers motivation to eat. Psychology &amp; Health Journal, 29(10), 1192\u20131205.\r\n[26] Limbu, Y. B., Wolf, M., &amp; Lunsford, D. (2012). Perceived ethics of online retailers and consumer behavioural intentions: The mediating roles of trust and attitude. Journal of Research and Interactive Marketing, 6, 133\u2013154.\r\n[27] Lu, Y., Zhao, L., &amp; Wang, B. (2010). From virtual community members to c2c e-commerce buyers: Trust in virtual communities and its effect on consumers\u2019 purchase intention. Electronic Commercial Research Application, 9, 346\u2013360.\r\n[28] Martin, D., &amp; Schouten, J. (2012). Sustainable marketing. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.\r\n[29] Martin, D. M., &amp; Schouten, J. W. (2014). The answer is sustainable marketing, when the question is: What can we do? Recherche et Applications En Marketing (English Ed.), 29(3), 107\u2013109.\r\n[30] Mengich, L. C. (2016). Influence of organizational learning on organizational performance of commercial banks in Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(10), 115-127.\r\n[31] Ogunkoya, O. A., &amp; Shodiya, O. A. (2013). Strategic orientation and organizational performance: A study of the African textile industry. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 2(4), 20-33.\r\n[32] Okoroanyanwu, E., &amp; Udunze, B. (2016). The problems with Nigeria Banks. The Sun Newspaper. Retrieved from www.sunnewsonline.com on 16th February 2019.\r\n[33] Owens, L. K. (2002). Introduction to survey research design. SRL Fall 2002 Seminar Series. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.srl.uic.edu\/seminars \/Intro\/introsrm.pdf\r\n[34] Park, Y., Geum, Y., &amp; Lee, H. (2012). Toward integration of products and services: Taxonomy and typology. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 29, 528\u2013545.\r\n[35] Savale, K. T., Sharma, A. F., &amp; Patil, P. U. (2003). Green marketing opportunities and challenges on performance of Saccos in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 3(6), 27-51.\r\n[36] Sen, R. A. (2014). A study of the impact of green marketing practices on consumer buying behaviour in Kolkata. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 2(1), 61-70.\r\n[37] Shukla, S. (2014). Analysis of banking system performance of select global economies with that of India \u2013 during and after the global financial. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 383\u2013395.\r\n[38] Van Lange, P. A. M., Kruglanski, A. W., &amp; Higgins, E. T. (2012). The theory of planned behavior. In Handbook of theories of social psychology. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved from doi: 10.4135\/9781446249215.n22\r\n[39] Yu, M., Mai, Q., Tsal, S., &amp; Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 1-14.\r\n[40] Zakaria, S. (2017). The use of financial derivatives in measuring bank risk management efficiency: A data envelopment analysis approach. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 22(2), 209\u2013244.\r\n[41] Zhang, J. Z., Watson, G. F., Palmatier, R. W., &amp; Dant, R. P. (2016). Dynamic relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 80(5), 53-75.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3764\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olawale Lola Adetunji, Oluwakemi Oludotun Oyefesobi, Oyindamola Zainab Ajao, Adeola Ahbeeb Adekunle &#8220;Sustainable marketing and the moderation effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.819-826 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/819-826.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3765\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/819-826.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3766\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sustainable-marketing-and-the-moderation-effect-of-consumer-cognition-on-organisational-performance-of-selected-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sustainable marketing and the moderation effect of consumer cognition on organisational performance of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f33b1 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23f33b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f3b56 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f3b56\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f3cb5\" data-id=\"23f3cb5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f3dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f3dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f3ea6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f3ea6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23f400d\" data-id=\"23f400d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f412d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f412d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23f41d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23f41d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24000f5\" data-id=\"24000f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2400208 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2400208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24002a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24002a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24003fe\" data-id=\"24003fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2400505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2400505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24005a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24005a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2400708\" data-id=\"2400708\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2400823 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2400823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Mental Health of Medical Frontliners during the COVID 19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Miguel Den R. Sade, Ave V. Eragan, Dr. Mary Rachelle R. Wapa\u00f1o &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 827-836<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24008c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24008c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2400a50\" data-id=\"2400a50\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2400b92 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2400b92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nIn this time of the pandemic where major outbreaks are experienced, health care workers around the globe have been very much exhausted in addressing the needs of those who are infected with COVID-19. Many of which have affected not just their physical state but as well as their mental condition. This exhaustion does not exempt anyone; thus it is very much important to include mental health in combating COVID-19. This study aims to assess the mental health of workers in a medical health facility in Iligan City catering, accepting, and engaging with services in dealing with COVID-19 patients. It aims to assess and determine the levels of anxiety, burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction and to determine the relationship among these variables. The respondents of this study are registered nurses from the Iligan Medical Center Hospital located at San Miguel Village, Pala-o, Iligan City. Findings reveal that nurses have severe levels of anxiety and average for burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction. Most variables do have a relationship except for compassion satisfaction and anxiety.\r\nThe findings highlight the importance of addressing the mental health of the nurses working in IMCH whilst combating COVID-19. Therefore, the management should develop programs, seminars, and relevant policies in addressing mental health in the hospital. With these findings, one of the recommendations is to conduct activities and programs in ensuring that nurses are mentally healthy to continue their services to patients who are infected with COVID-19. Further recommendations are discussed in this research paper.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 827-836\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6745<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Miguel Den R. Sade<\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University \u2013 Ateneo de Cagayan, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ave V. Eragan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University \u2013 Ateneo de Cagayan, Philippines\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mary Rachelle R. Wapa\u00f1o<\/strong><\/span>\r\nXavier University \u2013 Ateneo de Cagayan, Philippines\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Arcangeli, G., Giorgi. G,, Lecca. L.I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G.L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L.G., &amp; Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17217857\r\n[2] Armocida, B., Formenti, B., Ussai, S., Palestra, F., &amp; Missoni, E. (2020). The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge. The Lancet. Public health, 5(5), e253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30074-8\r\n[3] Arnetz, J. E., Goetz, C. M., Arnetz, B. B., &amp; Arble, E. (2020). Nurse Reports of Stressful Situations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Analysis of Survey Responses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17218126\r\n[4] Baqeas, M.H., Davis, J., &amp; Copnell, B. (2021). Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among palliative care health providers: a scoping review. https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/track\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12904-021-00784-5.pdf\r\n[5] Bernardo, A.I., B. et al (2020) Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale (CPAS-11): Development and Initial Validation. shorturl.at\/ruDXY\r\n[6] Brice, T.S., Harr, C.R., Riley, K., &amp; Moore, B. (2014). The Impact of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction on Social Work Students. https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1086\/676518\r\n[7] Cocker, F. &amp; Joss, N. (2016). Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare, Emergency and Community Service Workers: A Systematic Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13060618\r\n[8] De Kock, J.H., Latham, H.A., Leslie, S.J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S.A., Ellis, L., Polson, R., &amp; O\u2019Malley, C.M. (2021). A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-10070-3\r\n[9] Denning, M., Goh, E.T., Tan, B., Kanneganti, A., Almonte, M., Scott, A., &amp; Kinross, J. (2021). Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238666\r\n[10] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5. (2013). American Psychiatric Association.\r\n[11] Elkholy, H., Tawfik, F., Ibrahim, I., El-din, W.S., Sabry, M., Mohammed, S.,\u2026 &amp; Omar, A.N. (2020). Mental health of frontline healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 in Egypt: A call for action. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764020960192\r\n[12] Figley, C. R. (Ed.). (1995). Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1995-97891-000\r\n[13] Flottorp, S., Muller, A. E., Hafstad, E. V., Himmels, J., Smedslund, G., Stensland, S. \u00d8., Stroobants, S., Van de Velde, S., &amp; Vist, G. E. (2020). The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry research, 293, 113441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113441\r\n[14] Giusti, E.M., Pedroli, E., D&#8217;Aniello, G.E., Stramba, B.C., Pietrabissa, G., Manna. C.,\u2026 &amp; Molinari Enrico. (2020). The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01684\r\n[15] Hajure, M., Dibaba, B., Shemsu, S., Desalegn, D., Reshad, M., &amp; Mohammedhussein, M. (2021). Psychological Distress Among Health Care Workers in Health Facilities of Mettu Town During COVID-19 Outbreak, South West Ethiopia, 2020. Front. Psychiatry https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.574671\r\n[16] Hamouche S. (2020). COVID-19 and employees\u2019 mental health: stressors, moderators and agenda for organizational actions. Emerald Open Research, 2, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35241\/emeraldopenres.13550.1\r\n[17] Lancaster, C.L., McDonald, M.A., &amp; Meckes, S.J. (2020). Compassion for Oneself and Others Protects the Mental Health of First Responders. https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12671-020-01527-y\r\n[18] Lee, H.J., Lee, M., &amp; Jang, S.J. (2021). Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout among Nurses Working in Trauma Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study. https:\/\/bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12904-021-00784-5\r\n[19] Lipsitz, O., Xiong, J., Nasri, F., Lui, L., Gill, H., Phan, L.,\u2026 &amp; McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001\r\n[20] Magsambol, B. (2021). Overworked, underpaid health workers are walking away as Delta ravages PH. Rappler.com. https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/newsbreak\/in-depth\/overworked-underpaid-health-workers-walking-away-delta-variant-ravages-philippines\/?fbclid=IwAR3jSaUS4Qsewal2RVEO_zag7loxGLbDMJ1213yJjKalc2vQD1hHHNpLIpE\r\n[21] Maunder, R.G., Heeney, N.D., Kiss, A., Hunter, J.J., Jeffs, L.P., Ginty, L.,\u2026 &amp; Wiesenfeld, L.A. (2021). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital workers over time: Relationship to occupational role, living with children and elders, and modifiable factors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.04.012\r\n[22] Nik\u010devi\u0107, A.V. &amp; Spada, M.M. (2020). The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale: Development and psychometric properties. Psychiatry Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113322\r\n[23] Pratapa, S.K., Spoorthy, M.S., &amp; Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102119\r\n[24] Qureshi, I., Gogoi, M., Al-Oraibi, A., Wobi, F., Chaloner, J., Gray, L.,\u2026 &amp; Pareek, M. (2021). Mental Health During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study with Ethnically Diverse Healthcare Workers in the United Kingdom. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.12.13.21267718\r\n[25] Sabo, B.M. (2006). Compassion fatigue and nursing work: Can we accurately capture the consequences of caring work? International Journal of Nursing Practice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00562.x\r\n[26] Sorenson, C., Bolick, B., Wright, K., &amp; Hamilton, R. (2016). Understanding Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare Providers: A Review of Current Literature. J Nurs Scholarsh. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12229\r\n[27] Spoorthy, M.S., Pratapa, S.K., &amp; Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102119\r\n[28] Stamm, B.H. (2012) Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Version 5 (ProQOL). www.proqol.org.\r\n[29] Wang, C., Tee, M., Roy, A.E., Fardin, M.A., Srichokchatchawan, W., Habib, H.A.,\u2026 &amp; Shirazi, M. (2021) . The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of Asians: A study of seven middle-income countries in Asia. PLOS ONE 16(2): e0246824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246824\r\n[30] World Health Organization (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. WHO reference number: WHO\/2019 nCoV\/MentalHealth\/2020.1 https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/mental-health-considerations.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3L6A0UVvqKUAOhafsLE9nUkbsxBXUyHRcNOnccL1it7C4MysXl8cUHnUQ\r\n[31] World Population Review (n.d.). Retrieved December 17, 2021 from https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/world-cities\/iligan-population?fbclid=IwAR2S2fIDGwNpDYEbsh_L2LtJdeIhcW9_3tMk15kRkbpoUq8T-FsLDlCUh94\r\n[32] Yang, Y.H. &amp; Kim, J.K. (2021). A Literature Review of Compassion Fatigue in Nursing. https:\/\/www.koreascience.or.kr\/article\/JAKO201217136626082.pdf\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Miguel Den R. Sade, Ave V. Eragan, Dr. Mary Rachelle R. Wapa\u00f1o , &#8220;The Mental Health of Medical Frontliners during the COVID 19 Pandemic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.827-836 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6745<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/827-836.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-mental-health-of-medical-frontliners-during-the-covid-19-pandemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Mental Health of Medical Frontliners during the COVID 19 Pandemic<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2401985 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2401985\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24026eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24026eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2402788 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2402788\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24028ca\" data-id=\"24028ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24029dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24029dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2402a75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2402a75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2402bc1\" data-id=\"2402bc1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2402cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2402cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2402d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2402d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2402ee1\" data-id=\"2402ee1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2402fed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2402fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Non-Integration of Refugees in South Africa as a Result of South African Domestic Rules<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Habiba Yaouba &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 837-842<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2403088 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2403088\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2403201\" data-id=\"2403201\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2403340 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2403340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">To discourage and avoid refugees from seeking protection on its territory, the government of South Africa is increasingly implementing restrictive refugee policies and practices. These policies and practices include interruption, prohibition measures, and restrictive interpretations of the refugee definition. This trend has manifested itself in several different ways, including an increase in the number of people held in detention facilities, a decrease in the number of benefits received from welfare programs, and severe restrictions placed on the possibilities of achieving financial independence, as well as restricted rights to reunite families. The denial of essential social, economic, political, and cultural rights, as well as other rights guaranteed by the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and other rights guaranteed under the OUA 1969 Convention, is one of the primary ways that the application of discouragement procedures has more recently been extended within the country to recognized refugees. This has primarily taken place as a result of a reduction in the standards of treatment that are provided to refugees. Refugees in South Africa frequently violate their fundamental legal protections because of a lack of available resources. Xenophobia and prejudice against foreigners, particularly towards refugees, have also increased in the country in recent years. These attitudes contribute to an aggressive local environment in which reduced treatment standards are tolerated or even seen as acceptable. In particular, this prejudice is directed toward refugees. Even though the State of South Africa has ratified the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the application of the convention varies greatly depending on the national, economic, social, and cultural conditions at any given time<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 837-842\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\nDOI : <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6744<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Habiba Yaouba <\/strong>\r\nLaw School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] David Mario Matsinhe(2011), &#8220;Africa&#8217;s Fear of Itself: the ideology of &#8220;Makwerekwere&#8221; in South Africa&#8221; Taylor &amp; Francis, Ltd. Third World QuarterlyVol. 32, pp. 295-313.\r\n[2] de la Hunt, L. (2002),&#8217;Tracking Progress: Initial Experiences with the Refugees Act 130 of 1998&#8242; National Consortium for Refugee Affairs pp 24-25\r\n[3] Department of Home Affairs (Refugees Section, Permanent Residence Section and Pretoria District Office.)\r\n[4] Frances Nicholson.(2018),&#8221;The &#8220;Essential Right&#8221; to Family Unity of Refugees and Others in Need of International Protection in the Context of Family Reunification, Division of International Protection,&#8221; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\r\n[5] Frances Nicholson (2018) The Right to Family Life and Family Unity of Refugees and Others in Need of International Protection and the Family Definition Applied. Division of International Protection United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).\r\n[6] Guy S. Goodwin-Gill(2001), &#8220;Article 31 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees: Non-penalization, Detention and Protection&#8221; the Department of International Protection for the UNHCR Global Consultations.\r\n[7] Ibid (2001), The1951 United Nations Convention on the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol to the UN Convention on the Status of Refugees (both ratified in the Senate on September 14 1995, Hansard col. 2966, and in the National Assembly on October 11 1995, Hansard col. 4361), and the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa.\r\n[8] Ivan T, Justin V &amp; Andreas S (2021), &#8220;Social Inequality and Spatial Segregation in Cape Town&#8221; Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality pp 71\u20139.\r\n[9] J. Klaaren (2001),&#8221;Immigration and the South African Constitution&#8221;, in Crush, ed., Beyond Control, pp 55\u201378.\r\n[10] James Crawford (1999),&#8221;State Responsibility&#8221; [Agenda. Item] DOCUMENT A\/CN.4\/498 and Add.1-4.\r\n[11] Jonathan Klaaren, Jeff Handmaker and Lee Anne de la Hunt (2008), &#8220;Talking a New Talk: a Legislative History of The Refugees act 130 of 1998&#8221;, Berghahn Books Advancing Refugee Protection in South Africa. 1(3):47-60.\r\n[12] Jose H. Fischel de Andrade (2008) &#8220;On the Development of the Concept of Persecution in International Refugee Law &#8220;Brazilian Yearbook of the International Law.vol 2: pp114-136.\r\n[13] Kaajal Ramjathan Keogh (2016),&#8221; Basic Education Rights Handbook, Education Rights in South Africa&#8221; Chapter 6: The rights of refugees and Migrant workers page 137.\r\n[14] Parliamentary Monitoring Group, Meeting Summary of the Refugees Amendment Bill [B12-2016] public hearings (January 24, 2017).\r\n[15] Refugees Act No. 130 of 1998; Refugees Regulations 2019, GN R.1707 of GG 42932 (December 27, 2019).\r\n[16] Sahar Segal (2020),&#8221;The International Human Right to Adequate Housing: An Economic Approach&#8221; Chicago Journal of International Law.20 (2): 493-494\r\n[17] The Administrative Arrangements that Provided Refugee Protection from 1994 to2000 are described in Chapter 4 of this collection on &#8216;Refugee Status Determination Procedures in South Africa.\r\n[18] Theodor Meron(2017),&#8221;The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination&#8221; American Journal of International Law, American Journal of International Law, Volume 79, Issue 2, pp. 283 \u2013 318.\r\n[19] Timothy Gibbs (2019), &#8220;Mandela, Human Rights and the Making of South Africa&#8217;s Transformative Constitution&#8221; Journal of Southern African Studies Volume 45.\r\n[20] UNHCR. Identity Documents for Refugees. [EC\/SCP\/33] para 1.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">DHabiba Yaouba &#8220;The Non-Integration of Refugees in South Africa as a Result of South African Domestic Rules&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.837-842 July 2022 DOI: https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.47772\/IJRISS.2022.6744<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/837-842.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-non-integration-of-refugees-in-south-africa-as-a-result-of-south-african-domestic-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Non-Integration of Refugees in South Africa as a Result of South African Domestic Rules<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240410c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"240410c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24041db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24041db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2404357\" data-id=\"2404357\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2404472 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2404472\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2404537 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2404537\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240469c\" data-id=\"240469c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24047aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24047aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2404845 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2404845\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2404995\" data-id=\"2404995\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2404aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2404aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2404b44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2404b44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2404c8e\" data-id=\"2404c8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2404d9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2404d9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2404e40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2404e40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2404f85\" data-id=\"2404f85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2405093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2405093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240512d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240512d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2405279\" data-id=\"2405279\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2405381 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2405381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2405420 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2405420\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24055a1\" data-id=\"24055a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24056b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24056b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Secondary Students\u2019 Bangla Essay Writing Problems: Determination and Solution<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Gazee Mahmud Hassan &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 843-852<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240574c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240574c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24058ca\" data-id=\"24058ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2405a0e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2405a0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe undertaking of this study is to identify secondary level students\u2019 essay writing difficulty in Bangla as the first language and to suggest ways of solving those problems. The study was carried out among the Students, Teachers\u2019 of a Co-Educational school of Bangladesh. In this research, the design used is descriptive with qualitative research method. A sample of 30Bangla language students was chosen by means of a random non-probability sampling procedure. The students of selected school were instructed to write a descriptive composition of about 650 -750 words on the topic \u201cAmar Niz Gram\u201c(My Own village). The students\u2019 essays were evaluated two times by 2 Bangla language teachers. The goal was to make outthe inaccuracy and error made by the learners. The findings exposed that those secondary level learners have a variety of difficulties in essay writing: language difficulties at the stage of syntax; procedural error, and unconscious mechanical errors such as spelling, punctuation and incomplete sentence, lack of writing expansion skills and cognitive problems. A number of suggestions have been made in accordance with the findings of the research: It would be constantly supportive to tell pupils to rework on their written effort. The natural pauses while speaking would help them in appropriate punctuation usage. The mistakes associated with spelling could be corrected by means of dictionaries or spellcheckers. Usage mistakes and grammar mistakes will eventually disappear, if the students read the texts of various sources like books, articles, journals, newspapers, etc. extensively (better to put in solution section).\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 843-852\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gazee Mahmud Hassan <\/strong><\/span>\r\nM.Phil Fellow, Institute of Education and Research (IER), Rajshahi University, Rajshahi. Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Alam, M. (2016).The History of Bangla Literature (16th Ed.).9 Bangla Bazar, Dhaka-1100: Khan Brothers and Company.\r\n[2] Alfaki, D. I. (May 2015). UNIVERSITY STUDENTS\u2019 ENGLISH WRITING PROBLEMS: DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY. International Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.3, No.3, pp.40-52,.\r\n[3] Azad, P. D., Adhikari, D. M., &amp;Bablu, R. A. (2014).Ucchatoro Bangla Bhashariti. In P. D. Azad, D. M. Adhikari, &amp; R. A. Bablu, Ucchatoro Bangla Bhashariti. Bangla Bazar Dhaka: Lectutre Publication.\r\n[4] Bandyopadhyay, D. A. (1995).BANGLA SAHITYER SAMPURNA ITIVRITTA (A Complete History of Bengali Literature). Calcutta: Modern Book Agency Privet Ltd.\r\n[5] Ezeokoli, F. O., Patience, &amp;Igubor.(2016). https:\/\/www.ijier.net\/ijier. Retrieved 2016, from International Journel for Innovation Education and Research: http:\/\/www.ijier.net\/\r\n[6] Fardousi, R. (2017). WRITING PERFORMENCE IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION CLASS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANGLA MEDIUM AND ENGLISH MEDIUM.BRAC University, Dhaka.\r\n[7] Grower, R. (1995).Teaching Practice Handbook. Victoria: Durkin University Press.\r\n[8] Hamp-Lyons,&amp;Heasley. (2007). &#8216;Study writing: a course in written English for academic purposes&#8217;. United States of America: Cambridge University Press.\r\n[9] Hedge, T. (1988). Writing . Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[10] Islam, M. S., Ray, D., Hassan, I., Alam, B., Fakir, M. D., &amp;Shom, M. k. (2016).Uccharon Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmiti. Dhaka: MetropoliceLibrary .\r\n[11] Kabir, D. S., &amp;Momen, M. (2016).Bangla Bayakaron Oh Nirmiti. Dhaka: AkkharpatroPrakashoni.\r\n[12] Kabir, S. M. (2016). Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines. Chittagong: Book Zone Publication.\r\n[13] Kahali, D. A., Rahaman, M. M., &amp;Dutt, G. (2014). Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmity.In D. A. Kahali, M. M. Rahaman, &amp; G. Dutt, Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmity. Dhaka: Kajal Brothers&#8217; Limited.\r\n[14] Kharma, N. (1986). Composition Problem; Diagnosis and Remedy. USA: State Educational Press.\r\n[15] Mamud, H. (2020 ). UcchatoroShawnirvorBishuddhoBhasha-Shikkha Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmity .In H. Mamud, UcchatoroShawnirvorBishuddhoBhasha-Shikkha Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmity (p. 465).dhaka: The Atlas Publishing House\r\n[16] Munir, D. S. (2016).Ucchatoro Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmiti . In D. S. Munir, Ucchatoro Bangla Bayakaron oh Nirmiti . Bangla Bazar Dhaka: Students publication.\r\n[17] Nunan, D. (1989). Designing Communicative Tasks and Activities. . Oxford: Oxford University press .\r\n[18] Pincas, A. (1982). Teaching English Writing. London: MacMillan.\r\n[19] Pintu, D. A., Begum, M., Hossain, M. D., Dutta, R. C., Khan, M. C., &amp; Rashid, M. M. (2014).BhashaGothon Bangla Bayakaron Oh Nirmiti. Dhaka: Agni Prakashani.\r\n[20] Prof. Dr. Alauddin Al Azad, D. M. (2014).The Principles of Advanced Bangla Language . Dhaka: Lacture Publication.\r\n[21] Raimes, A. (1983). Technique in teachin writing. New York: Oxford University Press.\r\n[22] Raimes, A. (1983). Techniques in Teaching Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\n[23] Salem, M. (2015).THE EFFECT OF JOURNAL WRITING ON WRITTEN PERFORMENCE, WRITING APPREHENSION, AND ATTITUDES OF EGYPTIAN ENGLISH MAJOR.Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 6 (2039-9340), Vol-6.\r\n[24] Sarkar, J. (2016). Bhashajoyoti. Dhaka: Shishuswarga Publication.\r\n[25] Shamim, D. G., &amp;Haque, D. N. (2016). Ucchatoro Bangla Bayakaron oh Rachanashoily. In D. G. Shamim, &amp; D. N. Haque, Ucchatoro Bangla Bayakaron oh Rachanashoily.38 Bangla Bazar Dhaka: Jupitor Publication.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gazee Mahmud Hassan, &#8220;Secondary Students\u2019 Bangla Essay Writing Problems: Determination and Solution&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.843-852 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/843-852.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/843-852.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/secondary-students-bangla-essay-writing-problems-determination-and-solution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Secondary Students\u2019 Bangla Essay Writing Problems: Determination and Solution<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240683b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"240683b\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2407287\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24073d6\" data-id=\"24073d6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24074e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24074e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240757e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240757e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24076c6\" data-id=\"24076c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24077d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24077d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2407871 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2407871\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24079c6\" data-id=\"24079c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2407acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2407acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2407b72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2407b72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2407cf9\" data-id=\"2407cf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2407e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2407e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on The Profitability of Nigerian Banks<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Hajara Dibal Yakadi &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 853-870<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2407ea5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2407ea5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240804b\" data-id=\"240804b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24081bd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"24081bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research focuses on the impact of corporate social responsibility on profitability. The project focus on the banking industry in Nigeria. Corporate social responsibility has been incorporated in most corporations\u2019 activities and most times do not consider the implications it has on the corporations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility expenditure on the profitability of the banks in Nigeria. The proxies for profitability are earnings per share (EPS), return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) while that of corporate social responsibility is all expenses incurred by the company for a given period.\r\nA quantitative approach was used in this study. We made use of secondary data was gotten from the annual financial report of the selected banks. We examined the annual financial report of Access Bank Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), United Bank for Africa (UBA), and Zenith Bank Plc. These four (4) banks are registered on Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The sampling technique adopted is a probabilistic and non-probabilistic sampling technique to select the banks out of a total of twenty-two (22) banks in Nigeria. These banks were selected because they were ranked as the top banks that participate in corporate social responsibility. The data gathered was gotten from seven (7) years of the annual financial report of the four (4) selected banks. The period covered is 2015-2021 using a simple linear regression analysis through E-views 8 software.\r\nThe result showed that there is an impact of corporate social responsibility on the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The result also showed that there is no impact of corporate social responsibility on earnings per share (EPS).\r\nThe research concluded that the directors should ensure that they incorporate social responsibility in the bank\u2019s activities in a way that would be of great benefit to the entity. The corporate social responsibility policy developed should consider staff welfare and government should be more involved in ensuring compliance and disclosure of the company\u2019s social responsibility<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 853-870\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hajara Dibal Yakadi <\/strong>\r\nUnicaf University, Master\u2019s in Business Administration- Finance<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] (2022, June 7). Retrieved from Central Bank of Nigeria: https:\/\/www.cbn.gov.ng\/supervision\/inst-dm.asp\r\n[2] (2022). Retrieved from iProjectMaster: https:\/\/www.iprojectmaster.com\/accounting\/final-year-project-materials\/the-impact-of-corporate-social-responsibility-on-profitability-in-nigeria-banking-industry-a-case-study-of-first-bank-of-nigeria-plc\r\n[3] Abiodun, B. Y. (2012). The impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms&#8217; Profitability in Nigeria. European Journal of Economics, Finance, and Administrative Sciences.\r\n[4] Abubakar, A. A., Yunusa, G., Moses, S., &amp; Ahmad, M. (2017). Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Profitability of Quoted Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria. International Knowledge Sharing Platform, 8(20).\r\n[5] Access Bank Plc. (2021). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[6] Access Bank Plc. (2020). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[7] Access Bank Plc. (2019). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual- Access Bank Plc. (2021). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[8] Access Bank Plc. (2018). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[9] Access Bank Plc. (2017). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[10] Access Bank Plc. (2016). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[11] Access Bank Plc. (2015). Annual Report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.accessbankplc.com\/pages\/Investor-Relations\/financial-reports\/Annual-Reports.aspx\r\n[12] Adam, H. (2021). Profitability ratios. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/p\/profitabilityratios.asp#:~:text=ultimately%20increasing%20ROA.-,Return%20on%20Equity%20(ROE),increase%20without%20additional%20equity%20investments.\r\n[13] Adi, B. C., Ogbechie, C., &amp; Amao, O. O. (2006, January). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Nigeria: Western Mimicry or Indigenous Practices? International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved from International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility : https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/242118200_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_in_Nigeria_Western_Mimicry_or_Indigenous_Practices\r\n[14] Agudelo, M. A., J\u00f3hannsd\u00f3ttir, L., &amp; Dav\u00eddsd\u00f3ttir, A. B. (2019, January 22). A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 4(1). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40991-018-0039-y\r\n[15] Ajide, F. M., &amp; Aderemi, A.-A. (2014, January). The effects of corporate social responsibility activity disclosure on corporate profitability: Empirical evidence from Nigerian commercial banks. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance., 2(6), 17-25. doi:10.9790\/5933-0261725\r\n[16] Amole, B. B., Olanrewaju, A. S., &amp; Awolaja, A. A. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability of Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 1-13.\r\n[17] Ashraf, M., Khan, B., &amp; Tariq, A. R. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility Impact on Financial Performance of Bank\u2019s: Evidence from Asian Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4). doi: 10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v7-i4\/2837\r\n[18] Asmerom, F., &amp; Ghebregiorgis, A. A. (2016). 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2409ae0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2409c2d\" data-id=\"2409c2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2409d37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2409d37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2409dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2409dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2409f26\" data-id=\"2409f26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240a034 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240a034\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240a0ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240a0ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240a213\" data-id=\"240a213\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240a31c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240a31c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240a3bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240a3bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240a51c\" data-id=\"240a51c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240a62f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240a62f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence of Burnout in Pastoral Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women of Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ronald Musinguzi Kersteins, Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe (PhD), Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 871-877<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240a6cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240a6cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240a85f\" data-id=\"240a85f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240a993 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"240a993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3771\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3771\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Burnout in pastoral ministry is increasingly becoming an issue of concern among helping professionals. It is generally associated with certain emotional and psychological symptoms that may arise in the context of work stress. However, there are minimal studies with Catholic religious men and women. Therefore, the current study had two objectives: to examine the prevalence of burnout in pastoral ministry among Catholic religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda; and to establish burnout prevalence in different years of pastoral ministry among Catholic religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda. The study adopted a mixed method explanatory sequential design. The target population of the study was 280 Religious men and women. Through proportionate stratified random sampling, a sample size of 165 participants was selected. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 10 participants for the qualitative strand. Data was collected using Questionnaires and In-depth Interview Guide. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS version 21 application software and the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study show that most religious men and women in Mbarara Archdiocese have moderate levels of burnout. However, the fact that there are those with higher levels of both emotional exhaustion (n=15; 10.6%) and depersonalization (n=31; 21.8%) coupled with lower levels of personal accomplishment (n=53; 37.3%) could not be under looked. On regard to burnout prevalence in different years in ministry, the result indicated that those religious between 5-10 years of ministering scored low on personal accomplishment (M=1.1395) and scored high on both emotional exhaustion (M=2.4186) and depersonalization (M = 2.7805) compared to the rest of the other groups.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 871-877\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3772\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3772\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ronald Musinguzi Kersteins <\/strong>\r\nThe Psycho-Spiritual Institute of Lux Terra Leadership Foundation, Marist International University College, a Constituency of the Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nThe Psycho-Spiritual Institute of Lux Terra Leadership Foundation, Marist International University College, a Constituency of the Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) <\/strong>\r\nTangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3773\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3773\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1] Aaron, R. Brown, L. C. S. W., Jayme, E., Walters, &amp; Aubrey, E., Jones. (2019). Pathways to Retention: Job Satisfaction, Burnout, &amp; Organizational Commitment among Social Workers, Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 16(6), 577-594, DOI: 10.1080\/26408066.2019.1658006.\r\n[2] Barnard, L. K., &amp; Curry, J. F. (2012). The Relationship of Clergy Burnout to Self-Compassion and Other Personality Dimensions. Pastoral Psychology, 61(2), 149\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11089-011-0377-0.\r\n[3] Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed). Sage Publications.\r\n[4] Dias, R. (2019). Burnout among catholic priests in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors. Intera\u00e7\u00e3o em Psicologia. 23 (2), 255-262.\r\n[5] Esibor Jeremiah Idogho-Noba. (2017). Experience of Burnout Among Priests of the Catholic Diocese of Minna-Nigeria: A Psycho-Spiritual Counselling Intervention [Thesis]. Marist International University College.\r\n[6] Egunjobi, J. P. (2019). African Priests and Religious Psychological Challenges And Consequences: From Wounded Healer To Healed Healer.\r\n[7] Fee, C. (2018). Causes of Burnout Among Church Leaders: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of Pastors. Walden University, 233.\r\n[8] Gichara, R. W. (2017). Burnout in Nurses at a Referral Hospital in Western Kenya. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(11),704-715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v7-i11\/3508.\r\n[9] Helen Eleh Egberi. (2020). Influence of Meditation on the Wellbeing of Catholic Religious Women in Karen. Marist International University College.\r\n[10] L\u00e4ngle, A. (2013). Burnout \u2013 Existential Meaning and Possibilities of Prevention. 4(1), 16.\r\n[11] Leslie, J. F. (2018). Resilience and Wellbeing in Ministry: An empirical enquiry within the Church of Scotland. Church of Scotland project\\Resilience and Wellbeing in Ministry report.\r\n[12] Maslach, C., Leiter, M. P., &amp; Schaufeli, W. (2008). Measuring Burnout. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199211913.003.0005.\r\n[13] Maslach, C. (1993). Burnout: A Multidimensional Perspective. In W. B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach, &amp; T. Marek (Eds.), Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research (Pp. 19\u201332). Philadelphia: Taylor &amp; Francis.\r\n[14] Maslach, C., &amp; Jackson, S. E. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (3rd Ed.). Mountain View: CPP.\r\n[15] Mwangi I.C (2020): Pastoral Ministry and Emotional Exhaustion Assessment among Priests in the Catholic Diocese of Murang\u2019a Kenya. Unpublished dissertation.\r\n[16] Muasa, W. P. (2021). Prevalence of Burnout among Catholic Religious Men and Women Working In Rural Areas: A Case of Lodwar Diocese in Turkana County, Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 5(7), 12.\r\n[17] Mugenda, O. M., &amp; Mugenda, A. G. (2003). Research methods quantitative &amp; qualitative apporaches.\r\n[18] Ralph L. Piedmont. (2014). Spirituality and Burnout: An Incremental Validity Study. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 32(2).\r\n[19] Schaufeli, W., Maslach, C., &amp; Marek, T. (Eds.). (1993). Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Taylor &amp; Francis.\r\n[20] Rossetti, S. J. (2011). Why priests are happy: A study of the psychological and spiritual health of priests. Ave Maria Press.\r\n[21] Phoseka, V. J. (2017). Association Between Work Engagement and Dimensions of Burnout Among Catholic Priests in Durban Metro, South Africa. Tangaza University College, 113.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3774\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3774\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ronald Musinguzi Kersteins, Elizabeth Ngozi Okpalaenwe (PhD), Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8220;Prevalence of Burnout in Pastoral Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women of Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.871-877 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/871-877.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3775\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3775\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/871-877.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3776\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3776\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-of-burnout-in-pastoral-ministry-among-catholic-religious-men-and-women-of-mbarara-archdiocese-in-uganda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Prevalence of Burnout in Pastoral Ministry among Catholic Religious Men and Women of Mbarara Archdiocese in Uganda<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240b79f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"240b79f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240b87c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240bbd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240bd2a\" data-id=\"240bd2a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240be3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240be3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240bed9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240bed9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240c02f\" data-id=\"240c02f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240c13a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240c13a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240c1e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240c1e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240c330\" data-id=\"240c330\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240c437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240c437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240c4d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240c4d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240c616\" data-id=\"240c616\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240c727 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240c727\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240c7cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240c7cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240c91a\" data-id=\"240c91a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240ca2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240ca2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240cae4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240cae4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240cc58\" data-id=\"240cc58\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240cd6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"240cd6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Big Five Personality Traits and Attitude towards the Same Gender Relationships among University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) &#8211; July 2022- Page No.: 878-883<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-240ce0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"240ce0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-240cf90\" data-id=\"240cf90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240d0c3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"240d0c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3781\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3782\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3783\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3784\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3785\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3785\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3786\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3786\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3781\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3781\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3781\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\nThe objective this study was to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and attitude towards the same gender relationships among University students in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employed a correlational research design using a simple random sampling technique. The study adopted a sample size of 294 number of participants. The data was collected using the Big Five Inventory Scale and Attitude towards Homosexuality Scale. The data was analyzed using regression analysis. The findings of the study reported only two personality traits had positive and significant predictive relationship with attitude towards the same gender relationships which were agreeableness (\u03b2=.513, p&lt;.05) and conscientiousness (\u03b2=.326, p&lt;.05). Agreeableness personality trait showed positive attitude to lesbians (\u03b2=.0.275, p\u2264.05) whereas those with conscientiousness personality trait showed positive attitude towards gay men (\u03b2=0.206, p&lt;.05). On the other hand, extraversion, neuroticism and openness traits showed insignificant negative relationship with attitude towards the same gender relationships. The study recommends the future studies to replicate the same study with students from public universities in Nairobi Kenya to confirm the findings of this study. Also, future studies may consider using qualitative or mixed method approaches in order to have a wider understanding of influence of the Big Five personality traits on attitude towards the same gender relationships among the University students\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 878-883\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 August 2022<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3782\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3782\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3782\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD)<\/strong><\/span>\r\nInstitute of Youth Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences\r\nTangaza University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3783\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3783\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3783\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n\r\n[1] Aleksandra Rogowska, Magdalena Tofel, Barbara Zmaczy\u0144ska-Witek &amp; Zofia Kardasz .(2022). The relationship of number of sexual partners with personality traits, age, gender and sexual identification, Psychology &amp; Sexuality, 13(2), 147-164, DOI: 10.1080\/19419899.2020.1752786.\r\n[2] Allen, M. S., &amp; Walter, E. E. (2018). Linking big five personality traits to sexuality and sexual health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 144(10), 1081\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000157\r\n[3] Allik, J., Church, A. T., Ortiz, F. A., Rossier, J., H\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1, M., de Fruyt, F., McCrae, R. R. (2017). Mean profiles of the NEO personality inventory. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 48(3), 402\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022022117692100\r\n[4] Allport, G., Dijker, A. J., &amp; Kooman, W. (2003). Extending Weiner\u2018s attribution-emotion model of stigmatization of ill persons. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 51-68.\r\n[5] Baumert, A., Schmitt, M., &amp; Perugini, M. (2019). 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Status of the trait concept in contemporary personality psychology: are the oldquestions still the burning questions? Journal of Personality, 86(1), 5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12335\r\n[10] Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Sex Roles, 7, 125-245.\r\n[11] Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals\u2019 attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research, 25, 451\u2013477.\r\n[12] LeVay, S. (1996). Queer science: The uses and abuses of scientific research on homosexuality.MA: MIT Press.\r\n[13] Lippa, R. A. (2005). Sexual orientation and personality. Annual Review of Sex Research, 16, 119\u2013153.\r\n[14] Lippa, R. A. (2008). Sex differences and sexual orientation differences in personality: Findings from the BBC internet survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 173\u2013187.\r\n[15] Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., &amp; Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality traits (2nd ed. ed.). Cambridge University Press.\r\n[16] McLeod, S. A. (2019). Sampling methods. Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/sampling.html Herek, G. M. (1984). Attitudes toward lesbian and gay men: A factor-analytic study. Journal of Homosexuality, 10(1\u20132), 39\u201351. doi:10.1300\/J082v10n01_03\r\n[17] Mercer, C. H., Tanton, C., Prah, P., Erens, B., Sonnenberg, P., Clifton, S., Johnson, A. M. (2013). Changes in sexual attitudes and lifestyles in Britain through the life course and over time: findings from the national surveys of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (NATSAL). Lancet, 382(9907), 1781\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62035-8\r\n[18] Orodho, A. J. (2003). Essentials of educational and social sciences research methods. Nirobi: Masola Publisher.\r\n[19] Orodho, A.J, &amp; Kombo, D.K. (2000). Research methods. Nairobi: Kenyatta University.\r\n[20] Peixoto, M. M., &amp; Nobre, P. (2016). Personality traits, sexual problems, and sexual orientation: An empirical study. Journal of Sex &amp; Marital Therapy, 42, 199\u2013213.\r\n[21] Rantanen, J., Mets\u00e4pelto, R.-L., Feldt, T., Pulkkinen, L., &amp; Kokko, K. (2007). Long- term stability in the big five personality traits in adulthood. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48(6), 511\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2007.00609.x\r\n[22] Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., &amp; Knafo, A. (2002). The big five personality factors and personal values. Personality &amp; Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167202289008\r\n[23] Schurink, W.J. (2005). Lecture thirteen: evaluating qualitative research. Johannesburg: Department of Human Resource Management, University of Johannesburg.\r\n[24] Spitzer, R. L. (2003). Can some gay men and lesbians change theirsexualorientation?Participants reporting a change from homosexual to heterosexual orientation. Archives of sexual behavior, 32(5), 403-417.\r\n[25] Twenge, J. M., Sherman, R. A., &amp; Wells, B. E. (2015). Changes in American adults\u2019 sexualbehavior and attitudes, 1972\u20132012. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 2273\u20132285.\r\n[26] Valentova, J. V., \u0160t\u011brbov\u00e1, Z., B\u00e1rtov\u00e1, K., &amp; Varella, M. A. C. (2016). Personality of ideal and actual romantic partners among heterosexual and non-heterosexual men and women: A cross-cultural study. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 160\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2016.05.048\r\n[27] Weiner, B., Perry, R. P., &amp; Magnusson, J. (1988). An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 738-748.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3784\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3784\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3784\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wambua Pius Muasa (PhD) , &#8220;The Big Five Personality Traits and Attitude towards the Same Gender Relationships among University Students in Nairobi County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) volume-6-issue-7, pp.878-883 July 2022 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-6-issue-7\/878-883.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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