Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Joy Ojodunwene Onuh Author-Workplace-Name:Brigham Young University, Provo Utah Author-Name:Matthew. I. Aho Author-Workplace-Name:Brigham Young University, Provo Utah Author-Name:Gabriel Delian Akpen Author-Workplace-Name:Brigham Young University, Provo Utah Title: A Multi-Criteria Approach to Flood Risk Assessment in Makurdi Using GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process Abstract:Flooding in Makurdi, Nigeria, poses a persistent threat, submerging homes, displacing communities, and leaving residents in a constant struggle for survival. Despite numerous flood risk assessments, previous studies have often overlooked critical factors, leading to recurring floods and inadequate tools for preparedness and mitigation. This study presents an integrated approach to flood risk analysis, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Eight critical factors – slope, elevation, rainfall, land use and land cover, river proximity, soil type, drainage density, and road proximity were considered, quantifying their relative importance and validating them using a suitable consistency ratio. Weighted overlay analysis revealed that over 56 % of the region falls within high flood-risk zones. These findings provide actionable insights for enhancing flood preparedness and mitigation planning in Makurdi. Furthermore, the methodology and results apply to similar flood-prone regions globally, offering a framework for scalable and context-specific interventions to inform flood risk management efforts worldwide. Journal:International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) Pages:607-623 Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Year: 2025 Month: July File-URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-12-issue-7/607-623.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-URL:https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/articles/a-multi-criteria-approach-to-flood-risk-assessment-in-makurdi-using-gis-and-the-analytic-hierarchy-process/ File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:bjc:journl:v:12:y:2025:i:67:p:607-623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name:Dawn Maress Mendez Sapico Author-Workplace-Name:College of Agriculture, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology- San Enrique Campus, San Enrique, Iloilo, Philippines Author-Name:Remos Cornelio Sapico Author-Workplace-Name:College of Agriculture and Forestry, Capiz State University- Burias Campus, Burias Mambusao Capiz, Philippines Title: Bioconversion of Oyster Mushroom By-Products into Poultry Feed Abstract:Conventional poultry feeds face challenges of cost volatility and nutritional limitations, driving the need for sustainable alternatives. This study was conducted to determine the conversion of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) by-products into a fermented liquid supplement for broilers. The by-products were anaerobically fermented with muscovado sugar (1:1 ratio) for 7 days. Sixty broilers were assigned to one of four drinking water treatments over a 35-day period: 0 mL/L (control), 20 mL/L, 30 mL/L, or 40 mL/L of the fermented oyster mushroom supplement. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved at 30 mL/L, showing a 16% improvement compared to controls (1.13 vs. 1.34). Increased weight gain occurred at 40 mL/L (1.00 kg vs. 0.87 kg control). While the 20 mL/L group exhibited the highest feed intake (1.43 kg), it resulted in the poorest FCR (1.58). These results indicate that moderate supplementation with the fermented oyster mushroom by-product enhances nutrient bioavailability without compromising growth performance. This approach offers small-scale farmers a low-cost strategy to reduce dependence on conventional feeds while valorizing agricultural waste. Journal:International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) Pages:759-763 Volume: 12 Issue: 7 Year: 2025 Month: July File-URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-12-issue-7/759-763.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-URL:https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/articles/bioconversion-of-oyster-mushroom-by-products-into-poultry-feed/ File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:bjc:journl:v:12:y:2025:i:67:p:759-763