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A Study on Livelihoods and Lifestyles of Unemployed Youths in
Imphal - West District, Manipur
Dr. Mayanglambam Prakash Singh
1
, Huidrom Kumarjit Singh
2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Dhanamanjuri University
2
MA Education, Department of Education, Dhanamanjuri University
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.1210000150
Received: 10 October 2025; Accepted: 20 October 2025; Published: 11 November 2025
ABSTRACT
The study highlights and examines the challenges faced by unemployed individuals in Imphal West, Manipur,
focusing on their daily life experiences and coping mechanisms. It explores whether they rely on intoxicating
substances or adopt healthier strategies to deal with their circumstances. The study further investigates their
aspirations toward securing government employment, their possession of relevant skills for suitable jobs, and
the extent to which they receive governmental assistance or financial support. Moreover, the research seeks to
understand whether these individuals experience mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, or emotional
instability, and whether unemployment affects their family relationships. It also examines the degree of
government aid and community support available to them, as well as their perceptions regarding the fulfillment
of their needs. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of unemployed youth resort to intoxicating
substances, which adversely impact their physical health, interpersonal relationships, and overall well-being.
Many also suffer from psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. The study offers several
recommendations and strategies to address these issues more effectively, aiming to promote a healthier, more
productive, and socially supportive environment within the community.
Keywords
Unemployed People: In this study, unemployed people refers to individuals in Imphal-West district who are
of working age (1835 years), are currently not engaged in any formal or permanent job, and are actively
seeking or willing to work but remain without employment.
Livelihoods: Livelihoods in this context mean the means and sources through which unemployed individuals
attempt to sustain their living. This includes support from family, reliance on government aid, involvement in
informal or part-time work, and alternative coping strategies used to meet basic needs such as food, clothing,
and shelter.
Lifestyles: Lifestyles here refers to the daily living patterns, behaviours, and social practices of unemployed
individuals in Imphal-West, including their social interactions, participation in community activities, health
practices, use of time, and overall well-being in the absence of stable employment.
INTRODUCTION
Unemployment is considered one of the most challenges faced by people globally.With the increase in
technological advancement, increase economic qualities, increased in educational platforms, thus results in the
increase of finances so unfortunately, unemployed people find these as a most challenging part of their life,
requires enough amount to buy daily needs, like foods, clothing, shelter, education etc. So because of these
inconveniences their lives even lead to the darker path such as they may use alcohols, drugs, smoking to
handle this mental sorrow, unstability in their mind. And even there is increased in crime rates because of this
unemployment, in order to get enough money they may become ruthless trying to harm others with no
emotions, feeling jealous of one another and create crimes and chaos. They may feel isaolated and cannot
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manage the relationships with the society so results creating an evil eye with one another which can be very
dangerous in surviving in the society. It is not only about the unemployed people suffering but also people
have financially stable will also suffer creating a vast negative atmosphere in the society. Government has a
major responsibility for these and they should provide a heartful amount at least to get the daily needs of
unemployed people and providing enough jobs that matches their qualities, skills, talents oven ideas. So, by
identifying the root cause and providing effective solutions, we expect a good and bright future for the people
facing challenges. So, understanding unemployment and its causes and results helps in fostering healthy
environment in the society. Thus, a study is performed to investigate the “LIVELIHOODS AND
LIFESTYSLES OF UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE IN IMPHAL-WEST, MANIPUR”, focusing on how
unemployed people are affected, face challenges and cope with the challenges.
Understanding background, its consequences and some keys to minimize problems
Unemployment arises from a complex interplay of factors. Structural unemployment emerges when there is a
mismatch between the skills of the workforce and the demands of the market. This can result from
technological advancements, shifts in industries, or changes in consumer preferences. Cyclical unemployment,
on the other hand, is tied to the natural fluctuations of the economy. During periods of economic downturn,
businesses may reduce their workforce, leading to higher unemployment rates. Additionally, frictional
unemployment occurs as individuals’ transition between jobs or enters the workforce for the first time.The
repercussions of unemployment are far-reaching. Economically, it leads to a reduction in household income,
diminishing purchasing power and potentially increasing poverty levels. The decline in consumer spending can
further exacerbate economic downturns, creating a vicious cycle. Socially, unemployment can erode
community cohesion, leading to increased crime rates and social unrest. Individuals may experience a loss of
identity and purpose, especially if their self-worth is closely tied to their employment status.Psychologically,
the effects are profound. Prolonged unemployment can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and low self-
esteem. The uncertainty about the future and the challenges of meeting basic needs can take a significant toll
on mental health. Families may also bear the brunt, with relationships strained due to financial pressures and
emotional stress.Addressing unemployment requires a multifaceted approach. Governments play a pivotal role
by implementing policies that stimulate economic growth, such as investing in infrastructure, supporting small
and medium-sized enterprises, and promoting innovation. Education systems must evolve to provide skills that
align with market demands, emphasizing vocational training and lifelong learning. Social safety nets, including
unemployment benefits and job placement services, can provide temporary relief and support during
transitions. Moreover, fostering entrepreneurship can be a powerful tool. Encouraging individuals to start their
own businesses not only creates jobs but also drives innovation and economic diversification. By addressing
the root causes and implementing comprehensive solutions, societies can mitigate the adverse effects of
unemployment and pave the way for a more prosperous and equitable future.
Objectives of the study:
1. To identify livelihood strategies of the unemployed youths between the ages of 18 to 35 years.
2. To examine daily routines and lifestyles of the unemployed youths between the ages of 18 to 35
years.
3. To assess psychological impacts and coping mechanisms of the unemployed youths between the
ages of 18 to 35 years.
4. To formulate recommendations for the unemployed youths between the ages of 18 to 35 years.
Hypothesis of the study:
H
o
1: Lack of relevant skills contributes to high unemployment among youths in Imphal West.
H
o
2: Educational qualifications do not match the job opportunities available in Imphal West.
H
o
3: Government programs aimed at reducing youth unemployment are not effectively reaching or
benefiting the unemployed youths.
H
o
4: Unemployed youths in Imphal West adopt coping strategies such as informal work or
migration to other areas.
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H
o
5: Long-term unemployment negatively affects the mental health and lifestyle of youths in
Imphal West.
Study design
This research follows a descriptive survey method to collect and analyse the data on the study of livelihoods
and lifestyles of unemployed youths in Imphal- West, Manipur under Dhanamanjuri University. This
descriptive method was choosen because it provides a comprehensive understanding of the lifestyles,
experiences, challenges faced by the unemployed youths, allows data collection in a structured way, and
enables easier analysis of patterns and giving meaningful conclusions.
Population and Sample
Population of Imphal-West, Manipur in 2025 is 6,14,000 peoples and this sample is selected on 50
unemployed youths age 18 to 35 in Imphal- West, Manipur. The population of this study consists of
unemployed youths residing in Imphal-West district, Manipur. This age group represents the most active and
productive section of society. Many within this group face employment challenges due to limited
opportunities. The population includes both male males and females. The population provides a broad base for
understanding youth unemployment.
The sampling aims to reflect various social, educational, and gender backgrounds. Each participant was
unemployed at the same time of data collection. Data were gathered through interviews and questionnaires.
The sample provides primary insights into livelihoods and lifestyle choices.
Tools and Techniques Used
A self- made questionnaire titled “Surviving Joblessness: Insights into Livelihoods and Livestyles” is used as a
primary data collection. The questionnaire comprises 30 questions based on Yes or No type. The questionnaire
was distributed to 50 unemployed youths.
Procedure of Data Analysis
The data collected from the self-made questionnaire will be analysed using percentage method for overall data
analysis and T-Test for gender-based comparison.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Table 1.Analysis and interpretation based on personal and economic background.
Question
Yes
No
Yes %
No %
Q1. Are you currently unemployed?
50
0
100.0%
0.0%
Q2. Have you been unemployed for
more than 6 months?
30
20
60.0%
40.0%
Q3. Are you actively looking for a job?
24
26
48.0%
52.0%
Q4. Do you rely on family members
for financial support?
19
31
38.0%
62.0%
Q5. Do you receive any unemployment
benefits or government aid?
19
31
38.0%
62.0%
Q6. Have you ever attended any skill
development or vocational training?
20
30
40.0%
60.0%
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Q7. Do you believe that your
educational qualification matches the
available jobs in Manipur?
19
31
38.0%
62.0%
Q8. Have you tried searching for a job
outside Manipur?
18
32
36.0%
64.0%
Q9. Do you think unemployment has
affected your self-confidence?
23
27
46.0%
54.0%
1. Q10. Are you involved in any
part-time or informal income-
generating activity?
2. 20
3. 30
4. 40.0%
5. 60.0%
1. No. of yes count is (100%) both male and female, which ensures that sample collected on 50 youths are
unemployed.
2. A significant portion of youths (60%) yes and (40%) no showing that majority of youths have been
staying unemployed for more than 6 months and it also shows the chances of majority of them face many
challenges either, physically, mentally and emotionally.
3. The majority of youths (52%) no and (48%) yes, shows that they don’t seek for any job and chances are
that they may not have enough skills, knowledges required for job selection so thus, they might feel
demotivated.
4. The majority of the youths (62%) yes and (38%) no, shows that majority of them don’t rely on family
members, having high chances of making money by themselves either going for works that use heavy
physical efforts which can affect on health.
5. The percentage (62%) no and (31%) no, shows that majority of them do not get any govt. aids and
benefits showing the imbalance in the society that requires an eye from the government.
6. The percentage (60%) no and (40%) yes shows that majority of them lacks skills and vocational training
requiring some free services to provide skills, knowledges etc.
7. The percentage (38%) yes and (62%) no shows that their educational qualification do not match the
available jobs showing chances that negligence in studies during their school or college times or lacking
teaching qualities.
8. The percentage (36%) yes and (64%) no shows that majority of them are not looking for jobs outside
Manipur having chances of not having enough knowledges and skills, not aware of job news for example
job vacancies or they may have problems in finances travelling outside Manipur.
9. The percentage (46%) yes and (64%) no shows that majority of of them do not interfere on their self-
esteem and nothing wrong in their self-confidence.
10. The percentage (40%) yes and (60%) no shows that majority of them have no part- time jobs.
Table 2 :Analysis and interpretation based on Lifestyles and living conditions.
Question
No
No %
Q1. Do you live with your
parents or family?
20
40.0%
Q2. Do you find it difficult to
afford daily basic needs (food,
clothes, etc.)?
33
66.0%
Q3. Do you own a smartphone
or have regular access to the
internet?
10
20.0%
Q4. Do you spend most of your
day at home due to
unemployment?
12
24.0%
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Q5. Do you think your current
lifestyle has become less
healthy because of
unemployment?
11
22.0%
Q6. Do you think your current
lifestyle has become less
healthy because of
unemployment?
32
36.0%
Q7. Do you feel socially
isolated or less active due to
your employment status?
11
22.0%
Q8. Do you participate in any
community or local events?
38
76.0%
1. The percentage (60%) yes and (40%) no, shows that majority of youths live with their parents and family.
2. The percentage (34%) yes and (66%) no shows that majority of them don’t any have any problems on
meeting daily needs while some of them find it challenging having chances of mental disturbances.
3. The percentage (80%) yes and (20%) no shows that majority of them possess mobile phones and have
internet assessibility while few do not have mobile phones having chances of receiving job news, job
vacancies or any opportunities.
4. The percentage (76%) yes and (24%) no shows that majority of them stays at home because of
unemployment while few stays out from home which might be because of family relationship problems,
to cope with stress by interacting with people, or out for getting money.
5. The percentage (78%) yes and (22%) no shows that majority of them are having negative influences on
their lifestyles because of unemployment while few don’t.
6. The percentage (64%) yes and (36%) no shows that majority of them are
7. The percentage (78%) yes and (22%) no shows that majority of them are isolated and distanced from
social activities while few of them don’t.
8. The percentage (24%) yes and (76%) no shows that majority of them don’t participate on any social
events which might be they may have low self-esteem or depressed while some of them don’t.
Table 3 :Analysis and interpretation based on mental health and aspirations.
Question
Yes
No
Yes %
No %
Q1. Do you feel stressed or
anxious because you are
unemployed?
37
13
74.0%
26.0%
Q2. Have you ever thought about
starting your own business or
becoming self-employed?
24
26
48.0%
52.0%
Q3. Do you believe that the
government is doing enough to
support unemployed youths?
16
34
32.0%
68.0%
Q4. Do you feel there are limited
job opportunities in your locality?
43
7
86.0%
14.0%
Q5. Have you ever faced
discrimination or negative remarks
because of being unemployed?
24
26
48.0%
52.0%
Q6. Do you think migration is the
only solution to better livelihood
19
31
38.0%
62.0%
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opportunities?
Q7. Would you be willing to
relocate for a job if given the
chance?
40
10
80.0%
20.0%
1. The percentage (74%) yes and (26%) no shows that majority of them have mental health issues like
anxiety, depression which can quite painful and emotional breakdown.
2. The percentage (48%) yes and (52%) no shows that few look for self-employment and business while
majority of them don’t which may be because of lacking motivation or for some inconvieniences of
starting a new business.
3. The percentage (32%) yes and (68%) no shows that majority of them accept that govt. provide or support
unemployed youths and while few accepts it.
4. The percentage (86%) yes and (14%) no shows that majority of them needs job availability in their
localities while some don’t need.
5. The percentage (48%) yes and (52%) no shows that majority of them don’t face any discriminations from
the society while few faced.
6. The percentage (38%) yes and (62%) no shows that few youths believe migration can be better for
employment while majority of them don’t.
7. The percentage (80%) yes and (20%) no shows that majority of them would shift their location if any job
is given to them showing that getting a job is their first priority and while few wouldn’t.
Table 4 :Others.
Question
Yes
No
Yes %
No %
Q1. Do youths use drugs, alcohol or
any other toxic substances to cope
with this problem?
20
30
40.0%
60.0%
Q2. Does unemployment cause
divorce or quarrel among the family
members?
35
15
70.0%
30.0%
Q3. Are there history of suicide
among the family members in the
past?
0
50
0%
100.0%
Q4. Do youths face challenges in
searching for jobs?
20
30
60.0%
40.0%
1. The percentage (40%) yes and (60%) no shows that majority of them don’t use any intoxicating
substances but few does which can be injurious to health leading to unwanted consequences.
2. The percentage (70%) yes and (30%) no shows that majority of them faced divorced and unstable in
relationships among family members that can create emotional trauma in child in the family.
3. The percentage (0%) yes and (100%) no shows none of these youths faced suicide among their family
members.
4. The percentage (60%) yes and (40%) no shows that majority of them face challenges in finding jobs
which might be because of financial problems or lack of skills, or lack of motivation.
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Table 5 :Analysis and interpretation of gender differences based on facing challenges, experiences and their
mental health.
Theme
(Table)
Male Yes
Male No
Female
Yes
Female
No
Male Yes
%
Female
Yes %
Mean
Diff
(Yes%)
T-test (p-
value)
Personal &
Economic
(Table 1)
142
158
101
99
47.3%
50.5%
-3.2%
0.62 (ns)
Lifestyle &
Living
(Table 2)
129
111
93
67
53.8%
58.1%
-4.3%
0.55 (ns)
Mental
Health &
Aspirations
(Table 3)
109
101
76
74
52.0%
50.7%
+1.3%
0.84 (ns)
Others
(Table 4)
60
60
44
36
50.0%
55.0%
-5.0%
0.47ns)
Personal & Economic Background (Table 1 → H₀₁, H₀₂)
Both males (47.3% Yes) and females (50.5% Yes) reported similar challenges with lack of relevant skills and
education-job mismatch.
Mean difference: -3.2% (females slightly higher).
T-test: p = 0.62 (not significant) → No gender-based difference.
Interpretation: Unemployment caused by lack of skills and mismatch between qualifications and job
availability affects both genders equally.
Lifestyle & Living Conditions (Table 2 → H₀₅)
Males (53.8% Yes) and females (58.1% Yes) reported that unemployment negatively affects daily life, health,
and social engagement.
Mean difference: -4.3% (females slightly more affected).
T-test: p = 0.55 (not significant).
Interpretation: Long-term unemployment deteriorates lifestyle and living standards similarly for both genders,
though females show a marginally higher impact.
Mental Health & Aspirations (Table 3 → H₀₃, H₀₅)
Yes responses are nearly identical (Males 52.0%, Females 50.7%) about stress, anxiety, dissatisfaction with
government programs, and willingness to relocate.
Mean difference: +1.3% (males slightly higher).
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T-test: p = 0.84 (not significant).
Interpretation: Mental health challenges and low confidence due to unemployment are universal, with no
gender gap. Government programs are seen as ineffective by both.
Others (Table 4 → H₀₄)
Females (55.0% Yes) reported slightly higher coping struggles (drug use, quarrels, migration pressure, job
search challenges) than males (50.0% Yes).
Mean difference: -5.0% (females slightly higher).
T-test: p = 0.47 (not significant).
Interpretation: Coping strategies and social consequences of unemployment (conflict, stress, migration) are
experienced by both genders, without significant difference.
Graphical Representations on “Yes” And “No” Responses by Males and Females and Comparison of
Yes Percentages Between Males And Females Based On Their 4 Themes :
Figure 1: Figure showing Yes” responses by gender, showing how many males and females answered Yes”
in each theme.
Figure 2 :Figure showing “No” responses by gender, showing how many males and females answered No
in each theme.
Figure 3 : Figure showing comparison of “Yes” percentages, a line graph comparing the percentage of Yes
responses between males and females across all themes.
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Findings of the Study:
The main findings of the study are listed below:
1. Majority of the unemployed youths lack skills, knowledge and qualification for achieving suitable jobs.
2. Majority of unemployed youths suffers from mental disturbances, emotional breakdowns, anxiety and
depressions.
3. Majority of the unemployed youths need government aids and supports.
4. Majority of the unemployed youths suffers from social isolation and lacks the ability to create healthy
relationships with the society.
5. Majority of the unemployed youths have conflicts among their family members because of
unemployment.
6. Some use intoxicating substances to cope with unemployment.
7. Majority of the unemployed youths lacks support and motivation.
8. Many claim they lack job opportunities in their locality.
9. Some faced discrimination because of unemployment.
10. Many face challenges in pursuing jobs.
Educational Implications:
Counselling and guidance is a major requirement. Jobs even with small salary should be provided that matches
their strengths by the govt., this would not only help in their finances but also they would get motivated.
Unemployed youths must be treated fairly and equally to make them feel valued and increase their mental
well-being so as to make their life path clear. Free services that provides them skills, knowledge should be
offered by the govt. Unemployed youths should be given healthy coping mechanisms to reduce them using
drugs, alcohol etc. Unemployed youths should be aware of current affairs, news for job vacancies etc.
CONCLUSION
The present study makes us aware of how unemployed youths experience and struggle for unemployment and
we can find their coping mechanisms can lead to darker path that can affect our society negatively. They even
suffer from mental problems like anxiety and depression because of unemployment so guidance and
counselling is largely required. Even committing crimes can happen that can affect not only them but also can
affect to the entire society so unemployed requires an eye from the government. If unemployment is lowered
than there is a high of chance of maintaining peace and tranquil within a society.
The study highlights the awareness of disturbances in personal and social life of unemployed youths.
Unemployment is a big challenge for the youths.
The findings suggest to provide guidance and counselling to the unemployed youths. And Govt. should give
support and aids to them. Also they require motivation and empathy from us to clear their path.
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