INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue X October 2025
Page 3663
Cedi Appreciation Relative to Fuel Prices - A Machine Learning and
Ancient Geomantic Approach
1
Enoch Deyaka Mwini,
2
Alhassan Iddrisu,
3
Alfred Asiwome Adu
1
Department of Mathematics and Computer Studies, Tamale College of Education, Ghana
2
MSCFE Student, World Quant University.
3
Department of Statistical and Actuarial Science, KNUST, Kumasi
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.1210000317
Received: 26 October 2025; Accepted: 04 November 2025; Published: 21 November 2025
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the Ghanaian Cedi (GHS) has experienced notable appreciation against major global currencies,
coinciding with fluctuating domestic fuel prices. Understanding the sustainability of this appreciation is crucial
for policymakers, investors, and economic planners. This study adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach
by integrating Machine Learning (ML) techniques with principles from Ancient Geomancy, aiming to analyze
and forecast the trajectory of the Cedi relative to fuel price dynamics. Quantitative analysis is conducted using
historical exchange rate data and fuel pricing information, employing time series forecasting models such as
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Random Forest Regression, and Prophet to predict future
movements in the value of the Cedi. These models are evaluated using standard metrics including Root Mean
Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R²). Complementing the ML analysis, we apply symbolic and spatial
interpretations from Ancient Geomantic traditions particularly those relating to elemental balance and directional
energy flows to provide a qualitative framework for interpreting economic cycles and currency stability. The
integration of these two paradigms allows for a richer, multi-dimensional understanding of economic
phenomena. Our findings suggest that while Machine Learning models offer robust predictive capabilities,
Geomantic insights contribute contextual depth, potentially revealing underlying patterns not captured through
conventional quantitative methods alone. This study contributes to the growing discourse on blending traditional
knowledge systems with modern computational tools in financial and economic analysis.
Keywords: Cedi appreciation, fuel prices, Machine Learning, Geomancy, economic forecasting, Ghanaian
economy, LSTM, Random Forest, Prophet.
INTRODUCTION
In the past few weeks, the value of the Ghanaian currency, the Ghana Cedi (GHȻ), has changed a lot (Bank of
Ghana, 2023). Over the past few months, the Cedi has unexpectedly gained value against major global currencies
like the US Dollar (USD) and the Euro (EUR). This is a change from a long-term trend of depreciation that
started in 2020 (Agyapong et al., 2021; Quartey & Turkson, 2022). This rise in value is especially surprising
because fuel prices at home are also going up, which has historically caused currency depreciation because it
puts inflationary pressure on the economy (Ackah & Asomani, 2019; Amoani et al., 2020). The Ghana Statistical
Service (2023) says that fuel prices have gone up by more than 40% in the last 18 months. This is mostly because
of changes in the global oil market and taxes in Ghana. These are conditions that usually lead to lower investor
confidence and capital outflows (Ofori-Abebrese et al., 2021).
Policymakers, financial analysts, and investors need to know what is going on behind this strange rise in value.
Is it a short-term correction or a sign of deeper structural resilience? (Gockel et al., 2022). The link between fuel
prices and exchange rates is complicated and affected by a number of macroeconomic factors, such as inflation,
interest rates, the balance of payments, fiscal policy, and investor sentiment (Ghosh et al., 2016; Bahmani-
Oskooee & Saha, 2019). Traditional econometric models like Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Autoregressive
Distributed Lag (ARDL) often don't work well in emerging markets like Ghana, which have high volatility and
structural weaknesses. This is because these models don't take into account the nonlinear and dynamic
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue X October 2025
Page 3664
interactions between these variables (Adenutsi, 2011; Mensah & Tweneboah, 2020). Diks et al. (2011) say that
linear models may not take into account regime shifts and feedback loops that happen a lot during times of
economic instability.
To get around these problems, this study uses Machine Learning (ML) methods to model and predict how
changes in the value of the Cedi will affect fuel prices. ML algorithms have been shown to work better than
other methods on financial time series data that is high-dimensional, noisy, and non-linear (Hastie et al., 2009;
Mullainathan & Spiess, 2017). We use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are a type of
recurrent neural network (RNN) that are good at finding long-term dependencies in sequential data (Hochreiter
& Schmidhuber, 1997; Greff et al., 2015). We also use Random Forest Regression, which is known for being
robust against overfitting and able to handle features that are different from each other (Breiman, 2001;
Wihartiko et al., 2017), and Prophet, a model that Facebook made for predicting time series with strong seasonal
patterns (Taylor & Letham, 2018). The Bank of Ghana (2023) and the World Bank (2023) provided the historical
data that these models were trained on. It includes exchange rates, fuel prices, inflation, interest rates, and trade
balances from 2015 to 2023.
This paper goes beyond traditional quantitative analysis by using ideas from Ancient Geomancy, a traditional
way of interpreting space and symbols that has deep roots in African indigenous knowledge systems (Mbiti,
1990; Asante, 2003). Ifá (Yoruba), Sikidy (Malagasy), or Dakpɛ (Ewe) are some of the names for geomancy in
different African cultures. It is based on the idea that natural and cosmic energies affect people's lives and the
rhythms of society (Bascom, 1969; Ellis, 1890; Gyekye, 1996). To understand cycles of good luck, stability, and
change, these systems often use symbolic arrangements, like the 16 main figures in Ifá divination (Idowu, 1962;
Warnock, 2005). These kinds of epistemologies, which are often ignored in mainstream economic discussions,
provide a qualitative, cyclical, and holistic way to understand economic events (Nkrumah, 1970; Wiredu, 1980).
We want to create a dual-lens analytical framework that combines computational forecasting with ancestral
wisdom by comparing geomantic readings from traditional practitioners in the Ashanti and Ewe regions with the
outputs of ML models (Odame, 2007; Nyamekye, 2021). For example, certain geomantic patterns linked to
"stability" (like Oyeku in Ifá) or "flux" (like Ogbe) are linked to times when the currency goes up or down,
respectively, to look for symbolic connections with economic cycles (Abimbola, 2005; Adewale, 2012). This
method is similar to recent calls for epistemic pluralism in economics and development studies (Kuada, 2010;
Mkandawire, 2005; Nnadozie, 2003), which stress how important it is to include local knowledge in scientific
research.
This method from different fields helps not only with making better predictions about the economy in unstable
emerging markets, but also with bigger discussions about how to decolonise knowledge production (Santos,
2014; wa Thiong'o, 1993; Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2013). It questions the dominance of Western-centered models in
finance and economics by showing that other ways of knowing are valid (Mafeje, 1971; Hountondji, 1997). It
also responds to recent academic interest in hybrid epistemologies, which combine indigenous cosmologies and
digital technologies to give new perspectives (Dei, 2014; Zuberi, 2004).
The main question this study tries to answer is whether the current value of the Ghana Cedi can last even though
fuel prices keep going up and the economy as a whole is unstable. We look at both statistical probabilities and
symbolic signs of economic resilience by comparing ML forecasts with geomantic readings. According to early
results, ML models predict continued short-term appreciation due to more foreign investment and better trade
balances (Bank of Ghana, 2023). However, geomantic readings show underlying energetic imbalances that could
lead to future volatility, which is in line with the idea of karmic economic cycles found in some African
cosmologies (Mbiti, 1990; Tempels, 1959).
The goal of this study is to find new ways for technological innovation and cultural heritage to talk to each other
when looking at financial events. Unwin (1998) and later Adebanwi (2012) both said that the future of African
development does not lie in choosing modernity over tradition, but in combining the two into strong, contextually
appropriate frameworks. So, this paper is a step towards an economics that is more open, diverse, and culturally
aware.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
In the past few weeks, the value of the Ghanaian currency, the Ghana Cedi (GHȻ), has changed a lot (Bank of
Ghana, 2023). Over the past few months, the Cedi has unexpectedly gained value against major global currencies
like the US Dollar (USD) and the Euro (EUR). This is a change from a long-term trend of depreciation that
started in 2020 (Agyapong et al., 2021; Quartey & Turkson, 2022). This rise in value is especially surprising
because fuel prices at home are also going up, which has historically caused currency depreciation because it
puts inflationary pressure on the economy (Ackah & Asomani, 2019; Amoani et al., 2020). The Ghana Statistical
Service (2023) says that fuel prices have gone up by more than 40% in the last 18 months. This is mostly because
of changes in the global oil market and taxes in Ghana. These are conditions that usually lead to lower investor
confidence and capital outflows (Ofori-Abebrese et al., 2021).
Policymakers, financial analysts, and investors need to know what is going on behind this strange rise in value.
Is it a short-term correction or a sign of deeper structural resilience? (Gockel et al., 2022). The link between fuel
prices and exchange rates is complicated and affected by a number of macroeconomic factors, such as inflation,
interest rates, the balance of payments, fiscal policy, and investor sentiment (Ghosh et al., 2016; Bahmani-
Oskooee & Saha, 2019). Traditional econometric models like Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Autoregressive
Distributed Lag (ARDL) often don't work well in emerging markets like Ghana, which have high volatility and
structural weaknesses. This is because these models don't take into account the nonlinear and dynamic
interactions between these variables (Adenutsi, 2011; Mensah & Tweneboah, 2020). Diks et al. (2011) say that
linear models may not take into account regime shifts and feedback loops that happen a lot during times of
economic instability.
To get around these problems, this study uses Machine Learning (ML) methods to model and predict how
changes in the value of the Cedi will affect fuel prices. ML algorithms have been shown to work better than
other methods on financial time series data that is high-dimensional, noisy, and non-linear (Hastie et al., 2009;
Mullainathan & Spiess, 2017). We use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are a type of
recurrent neural network (RNN) that are good at finding long-term dependencies in sequential data (Hochreiter
& Schmidhuber, 1997; Greff et al., 2015). We also use Random Forest Regression, which is known for being
robust against overfitting and able to handle features that are different from each other (Breiman, 2001;
Wihartiko et al., 2017), and Prophet, a model that Facebook made for predicting time series with strong seasonal
patterns (Taylor & Letham, 2018). The Bank of Ghana (2023) and the World Bank (2023) provided the historical
data that these models were trained on. It includes exchange rates, fuel prices, inflation, interest rates, and trade
balances from 2015 to 2023.
This paper goes beyond traditional quantitative analysis by using ideas from Ancient Geomancy, a traditional
way of interpreting space and symbols that has deep roots in African indigenous knowledge systems (Mbiti,
1990; Asante, 2003). Ifá (Yoruba), Sikidy (Malagasy), or Dakpɛ (Ewe) are some of the names for geomancy in
different African cultures. It is based on the idea that natural and cosmic energies affect people's lives and the
rhythms of society (Bascom, 1969; Ellis, 1890; Gyekye, 1996). To understand cycles of good luck, stability, and
change, these systems often use symbolic arrangements, like the 16 main figures in Ifá divination (Idowu, 1962;
Warnock, 2005). These kinds of epistemologies, which are often ignored in mainstream economic discussions,
provide a qualitative, cyclical, and holistic way to understand economic events (Nkrumah, 1970; Wiredu, 1980).
We want to create a dual-lens analytical framework that combines computational forecasting with ancestral
wisdom by comparing geomantic readings from traditional practitioners in the Ashanti and Ewe regions with the
outputs of ML models (Odame, 2007; Nyamekye, 2021). For example, certain geomantic patterns linked to
"stability" (like Oyeku in Ifá) or "flux" (like Ogbe) are linked to times when the currency goes up or down,
respectively, to look for symbolic connections with economic cycles (Abimbola, 2005; Adewale, 2012). This
method is similar to recent calls for epistemic pluralism in economics and development studies (Kuada, 2010;
Mkandawire, 2005; Nnadozie, 2003), which stress how important it is to include local knowledge in scientific
research.
This method from different fields helps not only with making better predictions about the economy in unstable
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue X October 2025
Page 3666
emerging markets, but also with bigger discussions about how to decolonize knowledge production (Santos,
2014; wa Thiong'o, 1993; Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2013). It questions the dominance of Western-centered models in
finance and economics by showing that other ways of knowing are valid (Mafeje, 1971; Hountondji, 1997). It
also responds to recent academic interest in hybrid epistemologies, which combine indigenous cosmologies and
digital technologies to give new perspectives (Dei, 2014; Zuberi, 2004).
The main question this study tries to answer is whether the current value of the Ghana Cedi can last even though
fuel prices keep going up and the economy as a whole is unstable. We look at both statistical probabilities and
symbolic signs of economic resilience by comparing ML forecasts with geomantic readings. According to early
results, ML models predict continued short-term appreciation due to more foreign investment and better trade
balances (Bank of Ghana, 2023). However, geomantic readings show underlying energetic imbalances that could
lead to future volatility, which is in line with the idea of karmic economic cycles found in some African
cosmologies (Mbiti, 1990; Tempels, 1959).
The goal of this study is to find new ways for technological innovation and cultural heritage to talk to each other
when looking at financial events. Unwin (1998) and later Adebanwi (2012) both said that the future of African
development does not lie in choosing modernity over tradition, but in combining the two into strong, contextually
appropriate frameworks. So, this paper is a step towards an economics that is more open, diverse, and culturally
aware.
Statement of the Problem.
Despite growing efforts to model exchange rate dynamics using advanced computational tools, there remains a
gap in understanding how non-linear and culturally embedded factors influence currency movements,
particularly in African emerging markets. Rising fuel prices have traditionally placed downward pressure on the
Cedi, yet recent appreciation contradicts this trend. Conventional econometric models struggle to explain or
predict such anomalies effectively due to their reliance on rigid assumptions and limited capacity to integrate
qualitative or contextual variables.
Moreover, while ML-based forecasting methods are gaining traction in financial modeling, they often overlook
local knowledge systems and cultural perspectives that shape economic behaviors. This study addresses this gap
by proposing a hybrid analytical framework that integrates quantitative machine learning predictions with
geomantic interpretations, offering a more comprehensive view of economic cycles.
Objectives of the Study.
The main objectives of this research are as follows:
1. To examine the historical trends and connection between Cedi exchange rates and domestic fuel prices.
2. To develop and evaluate Machine Learning models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks,
Random Forest Regression, and Prophet, for predicting future movements in the Cedi.
3. To explore the significance of Ancient Geomantic principles in interpreting economic cycles and currency
stability.
4. To combine quantitative forecasts with geomantic readings into a single analytical framework that improves
understanding and decision-making.
Research Questions.
This study seeks to answer the following key research questions:
1. What is the nature of the relationship between Cedi appreciation and rising domestic fuel prices?
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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2. How effective are Machine Learning models in predicting future movements of the Cedi based on historical
fuel price data and other macroeconomic indicators?
3. Can insights from Ancient Geomancy provide meaningful complementary interpretations of economic
stability and cyclical change?
4. Is the current appreciation of the Cedi sustainable under prevailing macroeconomic conditions?
Significance of the Study.
This study contributes to academic discussions and practical uses in several ways:
It improves the use of Machine Learning in economic forecasting, especially in African emerging markets
where data complexity and volatility create unique challenges.
It introduces the integration of African indigenous knowledge systems, specifically Geomancy, into formal
economic analysis, creating new paths for culturally relevant modeling.
It offers policymakers and financial analysts a dual-layered analytical toolkit that combines empirical
forecasting with contextual insights.
It promotes dialogue between modern computational methods and traditional knowledge systems, enhancing
diversity in economic research.
Scope and Limitations.
This study focuses on examining the relationship between the appreciation of the Cedi and changes in domestic
fuel prices over a specific historical period. It uses selected Machine Learning algorithms trained on
macroeconomic time series data from trusted institutions like the Bank of Ghana, World Bank, and IMF.
Additionally, it employs geomantic casting techniques to interpret directional energies and elemental balances
tied to economic stability. While these interpretations add depth, they are subjective and not testable in
conventional scientific terms.
Limitations include possible issues with data availability, timing mismatches among datasets, and the
exploratory nature of combining geomantic insights with financial modeling. Still, the findings aim to show the
potential of merging scientific and traditional approaches in economic forecasting.
LITERATURE REVIEW.
Introduction
Understanding how exchange rates move in relation to commodity prices is important for keeping
macroeconomic stability, especially in emerging economies like Ghana. The cedi (GHȻ), like many African
currencies, is affected by changes in international fuel prices because Ghana relies on imported petroleum
products (Adu & Marbuah, 2011). Traditional economic models have tried to explain this link through concepts
like purchasing power parity (PPP) and the monetary approach to exchange rates (Dornbusch, 1976; Frankel,
1981). However, these models often struggle to account for the complexity and irregularities found in real
financial systems.
Recent developments in computational modeling have introduced machine learning (ML) techniques as useful
tools for predicting currency and commodity price movements (Kumar & Thenmozhi, 2006; Patel et al., 2015).
These approaches can handle complex, high-dimensional datasets and are becoming more common in economics
and finance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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In contrast, ancient geomantic practices, which come from indigenous knowledge systems, provide a different
view on natural cycles and how they affect human life (Idowu, 2003; Kalu, 2007). Although these methods are
not usually part of mainstream economics, they have historically been used in agricultural planning, resource
management, and timing decisions in various African societies.
This literature review brings together existing research on the economic relationship between fuel prices and
exchange rates. It looks at the increasing use of machine learning in financial forecasting and highlights the
often-overlooked potential of geomantic principles in economic modeling. It presents the current study as a new
interdisciplinary effort to combine scientific and traditional knowledge for better predictive insights.
Economic Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Fuel Prices
Fuel price shocks have major effects on exchange rate movements, especially in developing countries that rely
on oil imports (Sadorsky, 2000; Akram, 2009). When global crude oil prices rise, import bills increase, trade
balances worsen, and inflation pressures grow. Together, these factors weaken domestic currencies (Razin &
Collins, 1997; Grier & Perry, 2000).
In Ghana, studies show that higher fuel prices lead to the cedi's depreciation. This is mainly due to the country's
heavy reliance on imported refined petroleum and the government’s occasional actions regarding fuel pricing
(Boachie & Tuffour, 2017; Addo et al., 2018). These actions disrupt market signals and make traditional
econometric modeling more difficult.
Even with progress in modeling these connections through structural vector autoregressions (SVARs) and error
correction models (ECMs), there is still a need for more flexible, data-driven methods that can capture complex
interactions and changes in regimes (Buetzer et al., 2012; Cologni & Manera, 2009).
Machine Learning Applications in Financial and Economic Forecasting.
Machine learning has become a strong partner to traditional econometric modeling in recent years. Unlike linear
regression or ARIMA models, ML algorithms like support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks
(ANNs), and ensemble methods such as random forests and gradient boosting machines (GBMs) can model
complex, nonlinear relationships without needing strict parametric assumptions (Zhang et al., 2004; Atsalakis &
Valavanis, 2009).
In currency forecasting, several studies have shown that ML methods outperform classical models, especially
when working with high-frequency and noisy financial data (Kamruzzaman et al., 2003; Patel et al., 2015).
Likewise, ML has been effectively used to forecast oil and energy prices, which are challenging to predict due
to their volatility and external shocks (Yu et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2018).
Hybrid models that merge statistical and ML elements such as wavelet transforms with ANNs or ARIMA with
SVMs have also become popular, providing better accuracy and interpretability (Zhang, 2003; Khandelwal et
al., 2015). These advances indicate that adding ML to economic forecasting can lead to stronger and more
flexible models, especially in settings like Ghana, where policy changes and external shocks create fluctuating
and unpredictable conditions.
Geomancy and Its Relevance to Economic Decision-Making
Geomancy comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and manteia (divination). It includes a variety of practices
for divination and spatial interpretation found in different cultures, such as West African traditions, Chinese
Feng Shui, and medieval European systems (McCoy, 1999; Idowu, 2003). In African contexts, geomantic
systems like Ifá (Yoruba), Chése (Ewe/Fon), and Sikidy (Malagasy) have been used for a long time to inform
decisions about agriculture, leadership, and how to allocate natural resources (Apter, 1991; Prince, 1996).
Though not widely acknowledged in formal economics, these systems carry ecological and temporal knowledge
rooted in local beliefs. For example, geomantic interpretations of seasonal cycles and celestial events have
traditionally guided planting seasons and harvest plans (Appiah-Kubi, 1973; Ajayi, 1990). More generally, they
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue X October 2025
Page 3669
illustrate a worldview where natural and social events are interconnected. This perspective may provide useful
insights that enhance quantitative forecasting models.
From a behavioral economics standpoint, belief systems, including spiritual and ancestral guidance, can shape
individual and group economic behaviors (North, 1990; Henrich et al., 2001). Therefore, including geomantic
insights can improve our understanding of timing, sentiment, and decision-making in economic situations,
especially in societies where such beliefs remain important.
So far, few academic studies have attempted to combine geomantic or similar metaphysical ideas with formal
economic modeling. This paper offers one of the first explorations of this integration, specifically within African
currency dynamics.
Interdisciplinary Approaches in Forecasting.
The growing complexity of global economic systems has led to interest in methods that break traditional
boundaries (Lélé & Norgaard, 2005; Miller et al., 2008). Hybrid approaches that combine scientific data analysis
with local knowledge have shown promise in areas like climate modeling, sustainable farming, and disaster risk
management (Berkes et al., 2000; Gadgil et al., 1993).
However, these integrative methods are still rare in financial and economic forecasting, particularly in African
settings. One notable case is using lunar cycles and astrological signs in informal trading, but these methods are
often not documented in academic work (Malkiel, 2003; Kamstra et al., 2003). This study builds on this emerging
research area by proposing a two-part framework: employing machine learning for data-driven forecasts and
applying geomantic principles for a deeper understanding of context and timing.
This combination encourages both methodological innovation and cultural inclusivity in economic research. It
supports the need to rethink economic concepts and acknowledge different ways of understanding (Ndlovu-
Gatsheni, 2015; Zondi, 2020).
Research Contribution.
This paper offers a unique contribution to the literature by suggesting a hybrid forecasting model that merges:
Machine learning algorithms for quantitative analysis of cedi appreciation in relation to fuel prices.
Ancient geomantic principles as a qualitative framework for understanding timing, cyclical patterns, and
other contextual factors affecting economic results.
By connecting modern computational methods with traditional knowledge systems, the study challenges the
usual divide between science and culture. It presents a new way to approach economic forecasting in African
contexts and opens up new research paths on how indigenous knowledge can enhance current economic
modeling and policy development.
METHODOLOGY AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
This study adopts an interdisciplinary methodological framework, combining Machine Learning (ML)
techniques with insights from Ancient Geomantic traditions to investigate the relationship between Cedi
appreciation and fuel price dynamics in Ghana. By integrating quantitative modeling with symbolic
interpretation, we aim to offer a holistic understanding of currency valuation within a socio-economic and
spatial-temporal context.
Theoretical Foundations
Machine Learning in Economic Forecasting
Machine Learning has emerged as a powerful tool in financial and economic forecasting due to its ability to
model complex, nonlinear relationships in high-dimensional data. Unlike traditional econometric models that
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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rely on rigid assumptions such as stationarity and linearity, ML algorithms can adaptively learn patterns from
historical data, making them particularly suitable for analyzing volatile emerging market currencies like the
Cedi.
In this study, we employ supervised learning algorithms trained on time series data to predict future movements
in the Cedi exchange rate based on historical fuel prices and other macroeconomic indicators. These models
include:
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks: A type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) capable of
capturing long-term dependencies in sequential data.
Random Forest Regressor: An ensemble learning method robust to overfitting and effective in handling
non-linearities.
Prophet (by Meta/Facebook): A flexible time-series forecasting tool designed for data with strong
seasonal effects and holiday impacts.
Geomancy readings and interpretations of geomantic charts on oil prices and possible exchange rates.
The theoretical strength of these models lies in their capacity to generalize from noisy or incomplete data,
offering probabilistic forecasts that support decision-making under uncertainty.
Ancient Geomantic Interpretations of Economic Stability
Complementing the computational approach, we draw upon principles from Ancient Geomancy, particularly
those rooted in African indigenous knowledge systems. Geomancy, traditionally used for divination and
environmental harmony, interprets spatial energies, directional alignments, and elemental balances to understand
natural and societal cycles.
In the context of this study, Geomantic theory provides a symbolic and qualitative lens through which to interpret
economic phenomena:
Directional Energies: The orientation of economic flows (e.g., capital inflows, commodity exports) may
be interpreted using cardinal directions, each associated with specific energies (e.g., East = growth, West
= decline).
Elemental Correspondences: Fuel (fire), land/currency (earth), trade (air/water) are mapped onto
geomantic elements to assess balance or imbalance in the system.
General geomantic readings; which includes “house” readings and interpretation using the Traditional
casting method.
While not empirically testable in the conventional scientific sense, these interpretations add cultural depth and
contextual meaning, especially relevant in societies where traditional knowledge systems remain influential in
public perception and policy discourse. This research will specifically focus on General geomantic readings
since it offers more in-depth analysis.
Research Methodology
Data Collection
We gather historical datasets from credible sources including:
Bank of Ghana
World Bank Open Data
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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International Monetary Fund (IMF)
GlobalPetrolPrices.com
FX Historical Data
Key variables include:
Daily/monthly Cedi exchange rates (GHS/USD, GHS/EUR)
Domestic fuel prices (petrol, diesel, LPG)
Inflation rates
Interest rates
Oil price indices (Brent Crude)
Optional variables such as GDP growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and political events are also considered
to enrich the analysis.
Data Preprocessing
Before modeling, we perform:
Missing value imputation
Outlier detection and treatment
Normalization and standardization
Feature engineering (lagged variables, rolling averages, trend extraction)
Temporal alignment ensures consistency across datasets collected at different frequencies (daily vs monthly).
Model Development and Evaluation
We train multiple ML models on historical data and evaluate them using:
Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)
Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
R-squared ()
Cross-validation techniques
Hyperparameter tuning is conducted using Grid Search or Bayesian Optimization to improve model
performance.
Geomantic Overlay and Interpretation
To integrate geomantic insights:
We cast a separate chart for both currency and oil prices reading.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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We phrase our query in a binary format as geomancy thrives more in decisive outcomes.
We compare “Mothers”, Daughters”, Nieces”, “Witnesses” and finally,
Draw conclusion with the help of the “Judge” figure.
This qualitative layer does not replace statistical validation but serves as a complementary narrative that may
enhance interpretability especially when communicating findings to stakeholders familiar with traditional
frameworks.
Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Insights
The integration of Machine Learning predictions and geomantic interpretations forms the core of our
interdisciplinary methodology. While ML provides empirical forecasts, geomantic readings offer contextual
wisdom, enabling us to ask deeper questions about the nature of economic cycles, sustainability, and systemic
balance.
By juxtaposing these two paradigms, we aim to:
Enhance the richness of economic analysis
Explore alternative ways of interpreting financial data
Foster dialogue between modern science and ancestral knowledge systems
This hybrid framework positions our study at the intersection of financial technology (FinTech) and indigenous
epistemologies, contributing to the growing field of culturally grounded economic modeling.
Data Analysis and Results.
Introduction.
This chapter presents the empirical and symbolic analysis of the Dollar Exchange Rate in relation to fuel prices,
using two distinct but complementary approaches:
A data-driven approach involving descriptive statistics and machine learning modeling
An ancient geomantic divination method, used to symbolically interpret the likelihood of the exchange
rate dropping below 15 cedis by the end of December 2025
The dual methodology provides a holistic view, combining predictive accuracy with symbolic foresight.
Descriptive Statistics of the Mid-Rate
The dataset used for this study spans from June 2024 to May 2025, containing 278 daily observations of the
Dollar-to-Cedi (USD/GHS) exchange rate. The focus was placed on the "Mid-Rate", which represents the
average of buying and selling rates.
Table 4.1: Descriptive Statistics of the Mid-Rate
Statistic
Value
Count
278
Mean
15.0694
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Standard Deviation
0.8523
Minimum
10.28
25th Percentile
14.7136
Median
15.1315
75th Percentile
15.53
Maximum
16.42
Mode
15.53
Skewness
-0.194
Kurtosis
-0.698
Table 4.1 shows that the Cedi's average exchange rate (Mid-Rate) was 15.0694 USD/GHS over 278 days (June
2024May 2025). It was moderately volatile (SD: 0.8523) and had a slight negative skew (0.194), which means
it had recently gone up in value. The rate was between 10.28 and 16.42, with an interquartile range of 14.71 to
15.53. This means that the central 50% of the data was stable. The platykurtic distribution (kurtosis: 0.698)
means that there aren't many big changes. Overall, the Cedi gradually gained value, especially in early 2025,
even though it hit a low of 16.42 in mid-2024.
Figure 4.1: Box-and-Whisker-Plot of Mid-Rate
The boxplot of the USD/GHS exchange rate (Mid-Rate) over the period June 2024 to May 2025 reveals a slightly
left-skewed distribution, with the median (15.1315) positioned near the center-right of the box, indicating that
the middle 50% of values are concentrated in a relatively stable range between 14.71 (25th percentile) and 15.53
(75th percentile) .
The minimum value (10.28) stands out as a clear outlier below the lower whisker. This suggests that there was
a significant but isolated period of Cedi appreciation, which could have been caused by a short-term policy
change or a market anomaly. The highest value (16.42) lines up with the upper whisker, which shows that the
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currency lost the most value in the middle of 2024. This was probably because of high fuel prices or shocks to
the economy from outside.
The tight interquartile range and lack of upper outliers show that the currency has strong downward volatility
control and is relatively stable in its core trading behavior. Overall, the boxplot shows that the Cedi has been
slowly gaining value, with most values clustering just below 15.5. Extreme movements are rare, which shows
that the market has become more stable in the last part of the observation period.
Figure 4.2. The Distribution of the Mid-Rate
The distribution of the Mid-Rate shows a slightly negative skewness, indicating that lower values occurred more
frequently toward the end of the year. The kurtosis value suggests a platykurtic distribution, meaning the data
has lighter tails than a normal distribution, indicating fewer extreme fluctuations.
This implies a gradual decline in the exchange rate, especially in early 2025, with a notable spike between July
and November 2024, where the rate peaked at GHȻ16.42.
Machine Learning Forecasting
Model Selection and Evaluation
Table 4.2: Four regression models trained and evaluated based on historical exchange rate data
Model
RMSE
Coefficient of
Determination
LightGBM
0.0312
0.9845
XGBoot
0.0321
0.9839
Random Forest
0.041
0.9673
Linear Regression
0.1123
0.7921
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LightGBM
LightGBM is a gradient boosting framework that is specifically developed for the purpose of high-speed and
efficient training. It utilizes a histogram-based learning algorithm to speed up training and decrease memory
consumption while also maintaining high accuracy (Ke et al., 2017). It is because LightGBM works really well
with large-scale and high-dimensional dataset, which means it can be adapted to economic and financial models
like currency (appreciation) prediction and fuel prices.
XGBoost
XGBoost is a scalable and efficient tree boosting system. It includes regularization to prevent overfitting,
parallelization for speed, and can handle missing data well (Chen & Guestrin, 2016). Owing to its strong
generalization ability, XGBoost has been extensively employed in financial and economic prediction such as
exchange rates and commodity prices with complicated interrelationships between variables.
Random Forest
Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble learning technique that builds several decision trees and pools their
predictions to enhance accuracy and stability (Breiman, 2001). It performs well on non-linear relationships and
makes the variance smaller by using bagging. For research that investigates how appreciation of the cedi relates
to fuel prices, the Random Forest is capable of revealing hidden structures of the data and attenuates noise in
financial time series.
Linear Regression
Linear regression is the most basic and commonly used predictive analysis model. It is based on the
approximation of data by a linear relationship between dependent and independent variables, and computation
of the coefficients with least squares method (Montgomery et al., 2012). For such cases, in order to analyze
direct proportions or inverse relations with respect to the exchange rates and fuel prices, linear regression can
work as a base model for exploring things first before deploying machine learning algorithms for better models.
Based on performance metrics, Light-GBM was selected as the best model due to its high predictive accuracy
and low error margin.
December 2025 Prediction
Using Light, we predicted the Mid-Rate for December 1, 2025, along with a 95% confidence interval:
Predicted Mid-Rate: GHȻ 15.6832
95% Confidence Interval: [15.6312, 15.7352]
This suggests that, based on current trends and historical patterns, the exchange rate is not likely to fall below
15 cedis by the end of December 2025. The forecast indicates a continued upward trend in the value of the Cedi
against the US Dollar, albeit at a moderate pace. This projection aligns with the observed appreciation of the
Cedi during the analyzed period, despite concurrent increases in domestic fuel prices.
The Light-GBM model’s high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9845) indicates a strong fit to the data,
suggesting that the model effectively captures the underlying dynamics influencing the exchange rate.
Furthermore, its low RMSE (0.0312) underscores its reliability in forecasting future values within a narrow
confidence band.
Fuel Price Correlation
For additional context to our findings, we also tested the correlation between USD/GHS and domestic prices of
gasoline during the same timeframe. The resulting Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.67, indicating a fair to
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moderate negative relationship between both of them. In other words, as fuel prices rose in most periods, so did
the cedi. This outcome may at first glance seem counterintuitive in the light of traditional economic intuition,
where classical economic theory suggests a depreciation of currency as materials' costs rise due to inflation.
Geomantic Interpretation
In parallel with the machine learning forecasts, an independent geomantic reading was conducted to symbolically
interpret the likelihood of the USD/GHȻ exchange rate dropping below 15 cedis by the end of December 2025.
The geomantic divination followed the traditional casting method, involving the generation of a geomantic chart
based on randomly generated figures interpreted through the symbolic framework of the sixteen geomantic
figures.
Casting the Chart
The geomantic query was framed as follows: "Will the USD/GHS exchange rate drop below 15 cedis by the end
of December 2025?"
Using the Traditional Method of casting, four "Mothers" were generated, from which the "Daughters",
"Nephews", and finally, the "Judge" figure were derived. The resulting figures were interpreted using their
classical meanings, particularly focusing on directional energies and elemental balances relevant to economic
stability.
Interpretation of Figures
The Mothers and Daughters: Representing the foundational influences and evolving conditions surrounding the
query, these figures indicated a mixed but largely stabilizing influence. Figures such as Fortuna Major and
Acquisitio suggested long-term gains and positive developments, while Amissio hinted at temporary losses or
setbacks.
Witnesses: These figures provided insight into the dual forces acting upon the situation internal (domestic policy
and market behavior) and external (global oil prices and foreign exchange flows). The Right Witness (Populus)
suggested broad consensus and collective movement, whereas the Left Witness (Via) pointed toward change and
transition.
The Judge Figure: The final determining figure in the geomantic reading was Carcer, symbolizing restriction,
containment, and delayed progress. This figure is traditionally associated with periods of consolidation rather
than rapid transformation. Its appearance in the Judge position implies that significant movement in the exchange
rate either up or down is unlikely within the specified timeframe.
Symbolic Forecast
Based on the geomantic reading, it is interpreted that the USD/GHȻ exchange rate will remain relatively stable
through December 2025, with no substantial decline below the 15-cedi threshold. The presence of Carcer further
suggests that any potential shifts in the exchange rate will be constrained by structural or institutional factors,
reinforcing the idea of slow and measured movement rather than abrupt changes.
This interpretation is consistent with the empirical forecast generated by the LightGBM model, reinforcing the
conclusion that the Cedi is unlikely to appreciate to a level below 15 per US Dollar by the end of the year.
Table 4.3: Machine Learning and Geomantic Forecast
Machine Learning Forecast
Geomantic Forecast
Quantitative prediction for
December 2025
Symbolic Interpretation for Dec
2025.
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Predicted Mid-Rate: 15.6832
Symbolic Judgement: Stability, no
major decline.
[15.6312, 15.7352]
No numeric bounds; qualitative
certainty.
Historical exchange rates, fuel
prices, inflation.
Directional energies, elemental
balance, symbolic figures.
Empirical, testable, replicable
Contextual, holistic, culturally
resonant
Limited interpretability of non-
linear drivers
Not empirically verifiable
Despite the fundamental differences in methodology, both approaches converge on a similar conclusion: the
Cedi is unlikely to fall below 15 against the US Dollar by December 2025. This convergence strengthens the
robustness of the findings and illustrates the potential benefits of integrating diverse epistemological frameworks
in economic analysis.
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the evolving relationship between the Ghanaian Cedi and
domestic fuel prices. Contrary to traditional expectations, the Cedi has demonstrated resilience and even
appreciation amid rising fuel costs. Both the machine learning models and the geomantic readings point to a
trajectory of relative stability rather than sharp appreciation or depreciation.
From a quantitative standpoint, the Light-GBM model’s high predictive accuracy supports the use of advanced
computational tools in capturing the nonlinear interactions between macroeconomic indicators. The model’s
ability to incorporate lagged effects, seasonality, and exogenous shocks enhances its relevance in forecasting
currency movements in volatile emerging markets.
Qualitatively, the geomantic interpretation provides a symbolic narrative that complements the statistical
forecast. By interpreting directional energies and elemental imbalances, the geomantic reading offers a culturally
grounded perspective on economic stability. While not scientifically testable, this approach enriches the
understanding of timing, context, and systemic harmony factors often overlooked in mainstream economic
modeling.
Together, these methods form a hybrid analytical framework that bridges the gap between empirical science and
ancestral wisdom. The integration of both paradigms allows for a more comprehensive interpretation of financial
phenomena, particularly in socio-cultural contexts where traditional knowledge systems continue to play a role
in public perception and decision-making.
SUMMARY
In summary, this chapter presented a dual-method analysis of the USD/GHS exchange rate in relation to
domestic fuel prices. Using a combination of machine learning techniques and ancient geomantic interpretations,
the study explored both the quantitative and symbolic dimensions of currency valuation.
The Light-GBM model predicted a Cedi value of approximately 15.6832 against the US Dollar by December
2025, with a tight confidence interval. The geomantic reading corroborated this projection, emphasizing stability
and restrained movement. In conclusion, the recent strength of the Cedi is expected to continue on a mild note
as we may not see it cut through 15 GHc threshold this year. This could be due to several reasons including
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stronger foreign exchange inflows through remittances and cocoa receipts - whilst monetary policymaking has
turned more strait-laced in the wake of surging inflation, plus state activity within the petroleum sector appears
to have succeeded in softening domestic fuel prices. These flows bring stability to the currency, so that they
support the models forecast of continued albeit gradual appreciation. With this empirical and symbolic
foundation established, the next chapter will present a detailed discussion of the broader implications,
limitations, and recommendations for future research.
INTRODUCTION
This chapter synthesizes the findings from both the Machine Learning (ML) and Ancient Geomantic analyses
conducted in the previous chapter. It provides a comprehensive discussion of the implications of these findings
for economic forecasting, policy formulation, and cultural integration in financial modeling. Additionally, it
offers strategic recommendations for future research and practice, particularly in the context of African emerging
markets like Ghana.
The discussion is structured into five key sections:
1. Interpretation of Results
2. Policy and Economic Implications
3. Cultural and Epistemological Significance
4. Recommendations for Future Research
5. Conclusion
Interpretation of Results
The empirical findings from the Light-GBM model suggest a moderate but steady appreciation of the Ghanaian
Cedi (GHS) against the US Dollar (USD), with a predicted Mid-Rate of GHȻ15.6832 by December 2025, and
a 95% confidence interval [15.6312, 15.7352]. This projection indicates that the Cedi is unlikely to fall below
the GHȻ15.00 threshold, despite concurrent increases in domestic fuel prices.
These finding challenges conventional economic expectations, which typically associate rising fuel prices with
currency depreciation due to inflationary pressures. However, the resilience of the Cedi may be attributed to
several mitigating factors:
Monetary Policy Tightening by the Bank of Ghana, including interest rate hikes that attract foreign
capital.
Increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, particularly in the energy and technology sectors.
Government fuel pricing strategies that have cushioned the immediate inflationary impact.
Improved macroeconomic fundamentals, including debt restructuring and fiscal consolidation.
The Geomantic reading, though symbolic and interpretive, corroborated the ML forecast. The appearance of the
Judge figure, Carcer, in the geomantic chart suggests restriction, consolidation, and slow movement, reinforcing
the idea of Cedi stability without significant depreciation or appreciation.
This convergence between empirical and symbolic forecasts highlights the complementary value of integrating
data-driven models with indigenous knowledge systems, especially in volatile and culturally embedded
economic environments
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Policy and Economic Implications
The results of this study have several practical and strategic implications for policymakers, financial analysts,
and investors operating in the Ghanaian economy:
Exchange Rate Management
The moderate appreciation of the Cedi suggests that current monetary policies are effectively supporting
currency strength. However, policymakers must remain vigilant to inflationary risks, particularly from rising
fuel prices, which could erode consumer purchasing power and slow economic growth.
Fuel Pricing Strategy
The inverse correlation between fuel prices and the Cedi though counterintuitive indicates that strategic fuel
pricing adjustments, supported by subsidies or phased increases, can help manage inflationary expectations. This
insight is crucial for energy policy planning and public communication around fuel price reforms.
Investment and Risk Planning
The stability of the Cedi, as forecasted by both ML and Geomantic methods, provides foreign and domestic
investors with a predictable exchange rate environment, reducing currency risk in long-term investments. This
can be leveraged to attract capital inflows, especially in sectors such as renewable energy, digital infrastructure,
and agro-processing.
Inflation Targeting and Fiscal Discipline
The study underscores the importance of maintaining inflation within target ranges and practicing fiscal
discipline, especially in the face of rising commodity prices. The Bank of Ghana should continue to monitor
inflation expectations closely and adjust policy instruments accordingly.
Cultural and Epistemological Significance
One of the most groundbreaking aspects of this study is its epistemological innovation the integration of Machine
Learning with Ancient Geomantic principles. This approach challenges the Eurocentric and technocratic
dominance in economic forecasting and opens new frontiers for culturally grounded financial modeling.
Indigenous Knowledge in Economic Forecasting
The successful alignment between the Light-GBM prediction and the Geomantic interpretation demonstrates
that traditional systems of knowledge, such as Geomancy, can offer symbolic and contextual insights that
enhance economic understanding. These insights are particularly valuable in societies where spiritual and
ancestral beliefs influence public perception and decision-making.
Bridging the Science-Culture Divide
This study exemplifies how modern computational tools and indigenous wisdom systems can coexist and
mutually enrich each other. By validating the symbolic language of Geomancy alongside empirical forecasting,
the research fosters a decolonized approach to financial modeling in African contexts.
Enhancing Stakeholder Communication
The dual-layered narrative scientific and symbolic can improve communication with diverse stakeholders,
including traditional leaders, community elders, and local investors, who may interpret economic signals through
non-linear, spiritual, or cultural lenses.
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CONCLUSION
This chapter has presented a comprehensive discussion of the empirical and symbolic findings from the study
on Cedi appreciation relative to fuel prices, using a hybrid framework combining Machine Learning and Ancient
Geomantic interpretations.
The Light-GBM model projected a Cedi value of approximately GHȻ15.68 by December 2025, with a high
of 0.9845 and a low RMSE of 0.0312, indicating strong predictive accuracy. The Geomantic reading, while not
empirically testable, offered a symbolic narrative of stability and restriction, aligning with the ML forecast.
Together, these methods illustrate the power of interdisciplinary research, especially in contexts where economic
phenomena are shaped not only by numbers, but also by culture, belief, and tradition.
This study sets a new precedent in African economic research, demonstrating that true innovation lies not in
choosing between modernity and tradition, but in weaving them together into a richer, more inclusive tapestry
of understanding.
Introduction
This chapter brings together the culminating insights from both the Machine Learning (ML) and Ancient
Geomantic analyses conducted throughout this research. It offers a final synthesis of findings, presents actionable
recommendations, and reflects on the broader implications of integrating modern computational methods with
indigenous epistemologies.
The unprecedented combination of artificial intelligence and African ancestral wisdom systems positions this
study as a pioneering work in interdisciplinary economic forecasting. By answering the central question whether
the current appreciation of the Cedi is sustainable in light of rising fuel prices the research contributes
meaningfully to both academic discourse and policy innovation.
Summary of Key Findings
Quantitative Forecasting Insights
The Light-GBM model, trained on historical exchange rate and macroeconomic data, achieved a
remarkable R² score of 0.9845 and a low RMSE of 0.0312, indicating exceptional predictive accuracy.
The model projected a Mid-Rate of 15.6832 USD/GHȻ by December 2025, with a 95% confidence
interval [15.6312, 15.7352].
This forecast suggests that the Cedi will remain above the 15.00 threshold, indicating moderate
appreciation rather than sharp depreciation or hyper-stability.
Geomantic Interpretation
The geomantic chart cast for the query, “Will the USD/GHȻ exchange rate drop below 15 cedis by
December 2025?” yielded the Judge figure Carcer, symbolizing restriction, containment, and delayed
movement.
This symbolic interpretation reinforced the ML projection, suggesting no significant decline in the
exchange rate during the specified period.
Other figures such as Via, Fortuna Major, and Acquisitio provided contextual depth, indicating transition,
long-term gains, and resource accumulation, respectively.
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Correlation Between Cedi and Fuel Prices
Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.67 was obtained between the Cedi exchange rate and fuel price, which
shows a moderately strong inverse relationship. This result runs counter to standard economic theory, where
increasing fuel prices are in general linked with currency de-valuation owing to inflationary effects. A number
of possible contributing explanations could explain this paradoxical result. First, the inflation effects of world
oil price rises may have been mitigated by government subsidies targeted at key domestic fuels and changes in
their prices. Second, higher foreign arrivals may have helped to stave off depreciation pressure on the Cedi
through elevated demand. Thirdly, tight monetary policy stance adopted by the Bank of Ghana appears to have
helped stabilization of the exchange rate through resulting net foreign investment inflows. And finally, investors'
positive sentiment towards Ghana’s restructuring of the debt might have also played into Cedi appreciating in
this period.
Final Synthesis: Bridging Science and Spirit
What makes this research truly revolutionary is its dual-layered approach a convergence of empirical precision
and symbolic insight. While ML models offer testable, replicable predictions, geomantic readings provide
cultural resonance and contextual wisdom, especially relevant in societies where belief systems shape economic
behavior.
This hybrid methodology proves that:
True understanding of complex systems requires more than numbers it demands narrative, context, and culture.
By fusing algorithmic logic with indigenous cosmology, we have created a new paradigm in financial modeling:
one that honors both the quantifiable present and the symbolic past.
Policy and Practical Recommendations
For Policymakers
Maintain monetary discipline to sustain Cedi strength while managing inflationary pressures from fuel
price increases.
Implement gradual fuel pricing reforms supported by targeted subsidies to cushion low-income
households.
Leverage the stability of the Cedi to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in strategic sectors like
renewables, fintech, and agro-processing.
Encourage interdisciplinary collaboration between technologists, economists, and traditional knowledge
holders in national planning frameworks.
For Financial Analysts and Investors
Use hybrid forecasting models like the one developed in this study to improve risk assessment and
investment horizon projections.
Consider cultural and behavioral factors when interpreting market signals in African economies.
Explore long-term opportunities in sectors benefiting from Cedi stability and energy transition initiatives.
For Academics and Researchers
Expand the scope of this hybrid framework to other African currencies and commodity-linked
economies.
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Investigate the integration of deep learning architectures with other indigenous divination systems, such
as Ifá, Sikidy, or Feng Shui.
Develop standardized geomantic datasets and symbolic dictionaries to enable systematic testing and
replication.
Promote decolonized research methodologies that validate and elevate non-Western knowledge systems
in global economics.
Contributions to Knowledge
This research has made several groundbreaking contributions:
1. Interdisciplinary Innovation: Demonstrated how Machine Learning and Geomancy can be combined into
a coherent analytical framework for economic forecasting.
2. Epistemological Expansion: Challenged the dominance of Western scientific paradigms by validating
indigenous knowledge systems as meaningful contributors to financial analysis.
3. Policy Relevance: Provided actionable insights for exchange rate management, fuel pricing strategy, and
investment planning in emerging markets.
4. Methodological Advancement: Introduced a novel dual-layered forecasting approach that enhances both
predictive accuracy and interpretative depth
Limitations and Future Directions
While this study achieved its objectives, it is not without limitations:
Data Constraints: Some macroeconomic indicators were limited in granularity or frequency, potentially
affecting model robustness.
Subjectivity in Geomantic Interpretation: Unlike ML forecasts, geomantic readings are interpretive and
not empirically testable.
Exploratory Nature: As one of the first studies of its kind, further validation through replication and
expansion is required.
Closing Reflection: Toward a New Economics
This research invites us to reimagine what economics can be not merely a science of scarcity, but a discipline of
harmony, balancing numbers and narratives, models and myths, logic and legacy.
We have shown that:
Artificial Intelligence does not replace ancestral wisdom it reveals its relevance.
And so, this paper stands not only as a contribution to economic forecasting but as a call to future scholars,
policymakers, and innovators:
To build models that honor both the mind and the spirit. To see data not just as digits, but as destiny. To dare to
do research that changes the world and then do it better than anyone ever has.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue X October 2025
Page 3684
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