Psychological Well-Being among College Going Students  
Dr. Chattu Mondal  
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Education, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal  
Received: 10 November 2025; Accepted: 20 November 2025; Published: 26 November 2025  
ABSTRACT  
In our traditional education period or nature of formal education, college level education is higher level of  
education. In this stage every individual tries to fulfill their dreams through higher education. So, the present  
study tries to find out Psychological Well Being among College Going Students in the respect of gender, caste  
and family monthly income. In order to perform this study, a descriptive survey method was suggested. The  
Psychological Well Being Scale (PWS) is a standardized questionnaire that the researcher utilized to gather  
pertinent data from 200 students as samples. Parametric statistics were used for analyzed the data. The findings  
indicated that there was no significant mean variation among the students’ psychological well-being.  
Key wards: Psychological well being, College students, Social category.  
INTRODUCTION  
Psychological well-being has become one of the crucial aspects of the modern psychology. It has attracted not  
only the psychologists but also medical practitioners in compliance to the mental health, emotions, depression,  
stress etc. of the individual’s academic and social life. Right from the existence of behavioural sciences,  
efforts have been made by researchers of different disciplines to get deep understanding about the various and  
different dimensions and correlates of psychological well-being. Freud, Jung, Bandura, Erickson, Piaget and  
many others have given space in their early works. All have much studied about the various aspects of  
subjective as well as psychological well-being. Behaviorists have postulated that psychological well-being is a  
learned process of different forms of individualistic views in accordance to the certain psychological responses  
such as self-efficacy, self-disclosure, anxiety, personality types, emotional aspects, social support, financial  
success etc.; when an individual get reinforced from external support/stimuli in the forms of appreciation or  
reward then he or she responses in the line of wellness. This asserts that psychological well-being is a crux in  
the understanding and enplaning of behavior. (Ryff, 1989).  
The psychological well-being of college students can influence not only their academic and professional  
success, but also the development of society as a whole Making one's own mental health a priority while in  
college is ideal. In order to improve the overall psychological well-being among college students, special  
attention with concerted efforts by the government has been made, formulating mental health policies by early  
detection and identification of psychologically unhealthy students and providing treatment of students'  
psychiatric disorders (Xinqiao Liu, 2019). Psychologically healthy students have good mental health and  
maintain positive interpersonal relationships. They have a constructive spirit and keep a positive outlook on  
life (Waghmare, 2016). Thus, it is imperative for college students to possess good psychological well-being.  
College for most students is a place full of doubt, anxiety, and even failure (Kumaraswamy, 2013). Unpleasant  
experiences felt by students in higher education can be a significant source of stress and can reduce the quality  
of life for students (Hu Ebner & McCullough, 2000). When students experience boredom, they will feel they  
do not have a good social relationship and their actualization on campus seems to be ignored. Conditions,  
where students feel that the learning climate on campus is not pleasantly caused by stress levels can have an  
impact on the poor interpersonal relationships of students. This can lead to more complex student problems.  
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES  
Honmore & Jadhav (2015) studied on 200 (100 male and 100 female) first year college students to know  
their psychological well-being and the result indicated that male students possess higher psychological well-  
being than female college students.  
Akhter (2015) studied on "Gender Differences in Psychological Wellbeing”. In this study, researcher used  
random sampling technique to select relevant sample of 100 participants. The data were collected through  
standardized Psychological Well- being Scale (Carol Ryff). The result found that there is gender gap among  
their nature of psychological wellbeing.  
Moghe & Misra (2024) studied on “A study on psychological well -being among university student”,  
According to the findings, male and female do not differ in terms of their psychological well-being. The  
factors influencing psychological well-being did not differ statistically between male and female pupils.  
Bhagchandani (2017) studied on “Effect of Loneliness on the Psychological Well Being of College Students  
“According to the study's findings, loneliness and psychological health are significantly correlated poorly.  
Additionally, the investigator found that gender difference takes not a significant role for determination of  
psychological well-being and loneliness among college students.  
Devi & Indira (2022) studied on "A study on psychological well-being among college students”. The result of  
this investigation indicated that stress, anxiety, and depression were common among college students,  
consequently. Students and psychological distress are closely related. Psychological distress has negative  
impacts on one's physical, mental, and academic health.  
Waghmare (2016) studied on ‘A Study of Psychological Well Being among Male and Female College  
Students’ the aims of study of the current study was to find out effect of gender habitation of college students  
on their psychological well being. The sample for the study comprised of 100 college students from Jalna city.  
The result found that no significant mean difference among the college students’ status of psychological well  
being according to their gender.  
Present investigator studied previous research articles deeply, which related to present study and the problem  
stated as- Psychological Well-Being among College Going Students”.  
Objectives of the Study:  
To assess the psychological well-being among college going students on the basis of gender  
To study the psychological well-being among college going students in the respect of their caste  
To assess the psychological well-being among college going students on the basis of their family monthly  
income  
Hypotheses of the Study:  
H01: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students on the  
basis of Gender.  
H02: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students on the  
basis of Caste.  
H03: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students on the  
basis of family Monthly income.  
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Population and Sample  
Students studying in Bengali medium college (B.A level) of the state of West Bengal were considered as  
population of the study. The study was conducted on a total participant of 200 students as samples studying  
B.A class in Bengali medium colleges affiliated to University Grants Commission.  
Tool of data collection  
In the present research, Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS-2012) developed by Dr. Devender Singh  
Sisodia and Pooja Choudhary was used. The scale consisted of 50 items and covered five dimensions, namely  
satisfaction, efficiency, sociability, mental health and interpersonal relations. The test-retest reliability was  
found to be 0.87 and the overall consistency value of the scale was 0.90. PWBS has also a sufficient degree of  
content validity beside the external criteria and coefficient obtained was 0.94.  
Data collection procedure:  
Data for the present research study were collected to study the psychological well-being among college going  
students. The relevant data collected by the researcher from Bengali medium colleges of West Bengal. The  
researcher personally contacted the head of the college and individuals, explained the purpose of the study and  
sought permission to conduct the study, finally agreed to participate in the study. With the consent of the  
authority a schedule was prepared for data collection.  
Statistical analysis of data:  
In this section, several statistical approaches are employed to analyse data. The investigator cleaned and  
quantified each data sheet after collecting it, then tabulated it on an excel sheet as systematically as possible.  
The data was examined using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. The investigator  
utilized following descriptive and inferential statistical measures based on the study’s aims and hypotheses –  
Analysis and Interpretation of Data  
HO1: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students  
on the basis of Gender.  
Variable Group  
Sum of number Mean  
SD  
df  
Sig. value  
0.57  
Remark  
Gender  
Male  
98  
163.31  
165.19  
22.05  
25.10  
198  
Not Significant  
Female  
102  
Graphical presentation of data in the respect of Gender  
Figure:1  
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Table and graphical presentation, reveals that the mean scores of male and female on the satisfaction  
dimension of well-being are 163.31and 165.19 respectively. The obtained sig. value is 0.57 which is not  
significant. It reveals that the two groups do not differ significantly on the psychological well-being.  
Hence, the hypothesis i.e. “There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college  
going students on the basis of Gender” is accepted. But in the nature of psychological well-being, female  
students are more favorable than male students.  
HO2: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students  
on the basis of Caste.  
N
Mean  
Std.  
Deviation  
95% Confidence Interval for  
Mean  
Minimum  
Maximum  
Lower Bound  
158.55  
Upper Bound  
169.13  
SC  
89  
163.84  
164.24  
165.08  
164.27  
25.109  
21.605  
23.754  
23.616  
100  
215  
OBC  
GEN  
Total  
63  
48  
158.80  
169.68  
123  
102  
100  
210  
205  
215  
158.19  
171.98  
200  
160.97  
167.56  
Anova  
Sum of squares  
48.06  
df  
2
Mean square  
24.03  
563.15  
F
Sig  
Remark  
Not sig  
Between groups  
Within groups  
Total  
.043  
.958  
110940.89  
110988.95  
197  
199  
Graphical presentation of data in the respect of Caste  
Figure: 2  
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Above table and graphical presentation reveals that the mean scores of Scheduled Caste (SC), Other Backward  
Class (OBC) and General Caste of well-being are 163.84, 164.24 and 165.08 respectively. The obtained  
significant value is 0.95 which is not significant at 0.05 level. It reveals that the three groups do not differ  
significantly on the measure of psychological well-being. But general category students are more favorable  
than scheduled caste students and other backward class students, among their nature of psychological well-  
being.  
Hence, the hypothesis i.e. “There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college  
going students on the basis of casteis accepted.  
HO3: There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college going students  
on the basis of family Monthly income.  
Variable  
Group  
Total  
121  
79  
Mean  
SD  
df  
Sig. value  
0.68  
Remark  
Monthly  
income  
Below Rs.10000  
Above Rs.10000  
163.71  
165.11  
22.05  
24.93  
198  
Not Significant  
Graphical presentation of data in the respect of family monthly income  
Figure: 3  
Interpretation: Above table and graphical presentation reveal that the psychological well-being mean scores  
of two groups according to family monthly income of college students are 163.71 and 165.11 respectively. The  
obtained significant value is 0.68 which is not significant at 0.05 level. It reveals that the two groups do not  
differ significantly on the measure of psychological well-being. But the students from above Rs. 10000  
monthly income families, their psychological wellbeing possesses more favorable, than the students from low  
(Rs.10000) income family among their nature of psychological well being  
Hence, the hypothesis i.e. There is no significant mean difference in psychological well-being among college  
going students on the basis of family Monthly income” is accepted.  
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF THE STUDY  
To evaluate the hypotheses, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential  
statistics were used. The main findings are as follows.  
1. According to Gender, in this study the investigator found that in the nature of psychological well-  
being, female students are more favorable than male students, but the mean difference is not significant.  
The finding was supported by Akter (2015) reported females to be higher on psychological well-being  
than male. A similar finding was found that Rathi (2007), Gill (2007), ‘A Study of Psychological Well  
Being Among Male and Female College Students’ (Kotar, 2013) found that there is no significant mean  
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difference between the psychological well-being among the male and female college students. There is  
no significance difference between psychological well-being than male and female college students  
(Waghmare, 2016). Kumar & kar (2024) found that there is no significant difference between boys and  
girls, both groups have similar psychological well-being.  
2. Respect of Caste, General category students are more favorable than Scheduled Caste students and  
Other Backward Class students, among their nature of psychological well-being. Same result found by  
Pai (2017) and Mehrotra (2018), Tomer and Singh (2019). According to Nanda (2001), students from  
the scheduled caste have poorer mental health than students from the general category. According to  
Niak and Parasar (2017), in Indian society, caste and religion have a significant impact on a person's  
life due to biasness such as certain people being classified as higher or lower caste. In respect to caste  
system western society differ from Indian society.  
3. On the basis of family Monthly income, the college students from high income family (above  
Rs.10000) possess more favorable than the students from low-income family (below Rs. 10000)  
according to their psychological well-being. The results of this study indicate that family  
socioeconomic status significantly and positively predicts psychological well-being, consistent with  
findings (Abo-Rass et al., 2024; Jiang et al., 2021). Furthermore, family income is also associated with  
mental health, regarding help-seeking behaviors, which are closely related to mental health literacy and  
adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more inclined to seek help (Mahmoodi et al.,  
2022). Other studies have shown that adolescents from lower-income families tend to have lower levels  
of mental health literacy (Lima et al., 2024). Additionally, adolescents from wealthier families are more  
likely to pursue mental health services, whereas lower-income peers may encounter parental reluctance  
in prioritizing such services (Goosby, 2007).  
Limitations of the study:  
The present study was limited to the following:  
Current investigation was abridgment within this-  
1. Only 200 samples were included in this study. Due proper communication it was not possible for him  
to include more.  
2. The investigator studied only one dependent variable (Psychological Well-Being).  
3. The investigator reviewed in depth only 25 related research papers. There was ample scope of  
reviewing more research work.  
4. Due to proper opportunity, the present investigator collected data only from few college of North 24  
PGS District.  
CONCLUSION  
The current study aimed at obtaining further evidence with respect to the relationship between psychological  
well-being among college going students and to see if any gender differences in these characteristics existed.  
Several limitations are realized and taken into consideration in the present study. Further research using other  
variables may provide more significant insight into this area. Other variables include: cultural influences,  
familial dynamics, coping mechanisms. It is the incorporation of these variables that gives a far more informed  
look into the puzzling adolescent psychological health. In addition, this kind of research should be replicated  
on a larger sample that can represent more diverse populations with different socio-economic backgrounds,  
different educational systems, and also different cultural contexts to better understand how perceived stress  
interplays with psychological well-being among adolescents.  
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