transmitting collected data into the IoT gateway before uploading it to Firebase Realtime Database. The study

also involved the development of a mobile application using Blynk IoT Framework and web interface for

remote monitoring and control of irrigation and UV lighting system. Comparative analysis was conducted

between Random Forest, KNN, and Naïve Bayes Algorithm in predicting planting sustainability based on

available data. Based on the calculated Kappa of 0.9901, Random Forest demonstrated the highest level of

accuracy with a "Almost Perfect" strength of agreement. Random forest was implemented using the RubixML

library to enable the web interface to perform predictions of Planting Sustainability on data stored in the

database. In the user evaluation test based on ISO25010 conducted by the researcher, the overall weighted

mean for all criteria is 4.19, with an "Agree (A)" interpretation. This indicates that the developed system is of

excellent quality, excelling in functionality, dependability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and

which is essential to the nation's economic situation[2][3]. According to the data from the World Bank,

Philippines's average GDP is 21.36 percent from 1960 to 2016. Based on records, the highest percentage was

31.06 percent in 1974, while the lowest was 9.65 percent in 2016. This demonstrates the unfortunate reality

that agriculture's contribution to GDP (value added) is declining[4][5].

In order to increase and improve the productivity of the agriculture sector, the Philippine Department of

Agriculture (DA) is increasingly embracing numerous technology innovations. Additionally, DA is exploring

the use of "smart space" technologies to enhance farmers' access to crucial information about plants, soil

conditions, and climate state, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in high-value agro-products[6][7]. This

is also done to address the challenges of the future, such as tripling the amount of food produced and

maintaining food security, commercial margins, and climate change mitigation[8][9]. To meet this demand,

becoming more popular in the agricultural industry as a result of technological advances, and smart farming is

rapidly becoming a norm[2].

The basic concept is to boost lettuce growth while maintaining high quality in a controlled environment [7] or

residential area by employing vertical farming to maximize the use of available land. Vertical farming is an

agricultural technique where crops are cultivated by stacking them vertically.

Successful agricultural production depends on the availability of the proper amounts of soil moisture, which is

also important for evaluating the sustainability of planting. Lack of moisture may harm plants and reduce

production. Root disease and wasted water are the results of excess[13]. Water serves as a delivery system for

any nutrients that are not strongly linked to the soil, which is equally crucial. Therefore, it is essential to ensure

that crops receive the optimum amount of water supply at the correct point of time, where understanding the

According to the author, the goal of experimental research is to draw conclusions from the application of

theories in the real world and to test the validity of those conclusions. This CS technique is employed in a

variety of disciplines, including artificial neural networks, theorem-proving automation, natural language

processing, performance and behavior analysis, etc. It is crucial to reiterate that all experiments and findings

must be able to be replicated. If we apply the experimental approach in the field of IS, we could also need to

use other techniques or instruments. These techniques or instruments are utilized to back up and demonstrate

the validity of the developed project. The technical issue is the first area of the project that can be evaluated

using success criteria for the established project, such as availability, dependability, scalability, and stability.

The second area of testing that requires input from system users is the project's usability; findings for this area

can be achieved by the statistical analysis of a questionnaire, a tool that is utilized in conjunction with the

In their article [24], Vimal and Shivaprakasha defined greenhouses as a regulated environment where plants

illustrated below, for computing various climate variables based on voltage values obtained from DHT11 using

an Arduino microcontroller.

Harshani et al. identified soil properties and factors such as texture, structure, porosity, and color in their

research. The ratio of soil particles to organic matter is referred to as texture, structure is the aggregation of

primary soil particles, porosity is the number of pores in the soil, and color is determined by its organic content

and oxidation degree. Temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and pH level are all important soil parameters for

farming. Temperature is an important component in plant growth, while humidity refers to the amount of water

vapor in the soil. Soil moisture is required for plant nutrient uptake, and pH levels should be between 5.5 and

7.5 [18].

grow plants vertically, layers of plants are typically stacked indoors. Vertical farming does not depend on the

weather, utilizes less land, and produces more yield per square meter[19].

Embedded systems are used to enhance a set of smart applications running in a physical environment known as

a "smart space." The study highlighted adaptability, interoperability, openness, expandability, and self-

management as qualities of a smart space. [20].

A study was carried out in Porto, Portugal, with the goal of employing smart cities to enhance sustainability

events using a timeline based on readings from standalone sensors or sensor networks and actions done by the

smart space application[22].

The authors used the smart space idea to assist in managing equipment, decrease repetitive behavior, and

provide convenience by acknowledging and implementing the recognized user's configuration automatically.

The system was intended to recognize and monitor users in the smart room by remembering their usual

activities such as switching on the light and TV and automatically saving it in the configuration of the user[23].

Similar research was conducted by the authors to utilize the concept of smart space technology to turn a

conventional home into “smart homes” to aid and give comfort to physically disabled people. The proposed

project is eyeing the idea of integrating digital assistants with the available smart devices in the markets today.

This makes it possible for people with disabilities to manage their homes by controlling appliances with voice

A research design includes the structure of a study and the strategies for conducting the studies. The study

utilizes the combined experimental, developmental and quantitative research approach towards achieving the

objectives of the study. This research approach is suitable for this study since it involves the development of

the proposed prototype; develop a model; and evaluate the system’s compliance in software development

standards.

Fig. 1 Research Design of the Study

quantitative research for determining compliance with ISO25010 standard.

Fig. 2 Prototyping Model [26]

designed to collect data on. Data collected will be uploaded to a cloud server and later be used for identifying

an algorithm that will determine planting sustainability.

2 ) Quick Design:

Fig. 3 Block Diagram of the Prototype

During this phase, an initial design was created. Fig. 3 illustrates how each component will interact and how

data will flow from one component to another. The Wireless Sensor Node (WSN), IOT Gateway, Irrigation

and UV Lighting System, Web Interface, and Mobile Application that displays the reading of various sensors

are some of the components that make up the prototype. The mobile application also allows end-users to gain

control of the irrigation and UV lighting system remotely.

system was built to aid plant growth in the lack of direct sunshine.

The developed prototype is thoroughly discussed in this section. The prototype was created by integrating

various pieces of hardware, software, and data mining theory to make it function in accordance with its design

and specifications.