INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Combined and Isolated Effect of SAQ Training and Resistance
Training on Agility and Flexibility among Badminton Players
Mr. Chandana. T
1
., Dr. S. Veeramani
2
1
Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil
Nadu, India
2
Assistant professor, Department of Physical Education, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil
Nadu, India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.120800091
Received: 05 Aug 2025; Accepted: 12 Aug 2025; Published: 08 September 2025
ABSTRACT
The intention of this investigation was to investigate the combined and isolated effect of SAQ training and
resistance training on agility and flexibility among badminton players. To achieve this purpose of the study
sixty men badminton players (N=60) selected from various colleges, who are participated Visvesvaraya
Technological University Inter-collegiate badminton tournament, Bangalore, India and their age ranged
between 17-25 years were selected as subjects. The selected subjects were divided into four equal groups, in
which, group – I (n = 15) underwent combined training, group – II (n = 15) underwent SAQ training, group –
III (n = 15) underwent resistance training group – IV (n = 15) acted as control which do not participate in any
special training. The training programme was carried out for this study is three days per week for twelve
weeks. The selected dependent variable agility was measured by shuttle run and flexibility was assessed by sit
and reach test before as well as after training. The assessed data of the four group’s was analyzed through
paired ‘t’ test. Additionally, magnitude (%) of changes was also calculated. To abolish the early mean
disparity, the three group’s data (Pre & Post) were calculated through ANCOVA statistics. When the ‘F’
(adjusted) score in ANCOVA was high, the post hoc (Scheffe’s) test was followed. The confidence level 0.05
was set. Due to the combined and isolated effect of SAQ training the agility and flexibility of badminton
players were notably progressed however, combined training was much superior to SAQ training and
resistance training in improving agility and flexibility of badminton players.
Keywords: SAQ training, Resistance training, Badminton, Agility and Flexibility
INTRODUCTION
Badminton is a dignified racquet game that is increasing in popularity. The game of badminton emerged as a
gentle indoor game, but has evolved to a level where the world’s elite players are superb, immensely trained
athletes. This game can be a soft simple game for beginners or a dynamic game for top players (Jones &
Jarvis, 1998). It is fast, quick, aggressive and attractive game. Badminton is considered a strenuous game
because the game demands a high degree of fitness as well as intelligence, balance, flexibility are the basic
qualities for all the potentate key players.
Combination Training is an integrated form of training that combines lower body, upper body, trunk
musculature and balance training all into one exercise, accomplishing three times as much training in the same
amount of time.
Combination Training is also a more natural and functional way of training. Can you imagine any daily task
that you complete regularly that involves only one joint or muscle group. Our bodies just don’t function in an
isolation fashion. When you get out of a chair, bend down to pick something up or lift something to put it on a
shelf, your entire body functions as a team. And all sports require your muscles to work together. And yet
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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when we train in the gym, most people generally train their muscles separately focusing on only one body part
at a time.
SAQ (Speed, agility and quickness) method of training has become a popular form to train athletes. This
training strategy has been around for several years, but it is not utilized by all athletes and coaches primarily
due to lack of knowledge regarding the drills and execution. SAQ training can include the complete spectrum
of training intensity, from low to higher intensity. Every individual will come into a training programme at a
various level; thus training intensities must concur with the individual’s abilities. Low intensity SAQ drills can
be utilized by everyone for different form. (Brown, Ferrigno & Santana, 2000).
Resistance training is an accepted training method for athletes in a variety of sports. With the proper exercise
prescription, training goals such as increased muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy, improved body
composition and improved sports performance may be achieved. The popularity of resistance training has
increased in recent times. Not only is resistance training used to increase muscular strength, power, endurance,
and hypertrophy in athletes, but the adaptations to resistance training have been shown to benefit the general
population as well as clinical populations.
Agility is the physical capability, which enables an athlete rapidly, and accurately changes the body position
and direction in a precise manner (Davis et al., 2000).
Flexibility is the range of motion about a joint. It refers to the state of the muscle's length, which restricts or
allows freedom of joint movement.
Statement of the Problem
The intention of this investigation was to investigate the combined and isolated effect of SAQ training and
resistance training on agility and flexibility among badminton players.
METHODOLOGY
To achieve this purpose of the study sixty men badminton players (N=60) selected from various colleges, who
are participated Visvesvaraya Technological University Inter-collegiate badminton tournament, Bangalore,
India and their age ranged between 17-25 years were selected as subjects. The selected subjects were divided
into four equal groups, in which, group – I (n = 15) underwent combined training, group – II (n = 15)
underwent SAQ training, group – III (n = 15) underwent resistance training group – IV (n = 15) acted as
control which do not participate in any special training. The training programme was carried out for this study
is three days per week for twelve weeks. The selected dependent variable agility was measured by shuttle run
and flexibility was assessed by sit and reach test before as well as after training.
Training Programme
The specially designed training programme was given to the subjects of the three experimental groups named
as combined and isolated SAQ and resistance training. The training sessions were conducted three days a week
i.e. (Alternative days) over a period of twelve weeks. Players who have participated on the college teams and
are healthy guys will make up the participants in these experimental groups. The duration of training session in
all days was between 60 - 90 minutes approximately which include warming up and limbering down. All the
subjects involved in this study were carefully monitored throughout the training programme and none of them
reported with any injuries. They were questioned about their health status throughout the training programme.
However, muscle soreness appeared in the earlier period of the training programme and it was reduced in due
course. The training programme was scheduled in the morning between 6.30 am and 8.00 am.
Statistical Technique
To determine if there were any statistically significant changes between the pre- and post-test, the data on
agility and flexibility acquired from the experimental and control groups was statistically analysed using the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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paired 't' test. Additionally, percentage changes were computed to determine changes in a subset of dependent
variables as a result of the experimental treatment.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to statistically analyse the information gathered from the four
groups both before and after the experiment. Due to the involvement of four groups, the Scheffe's test was used
as a post hoc analysis if the acquired "F" ratio value for adjusted post-test means was determined to be
significant. The level of confidence for significance was set at 0.05 in each example.
The badminton player’s agility and flexibility was analyzed statistically and presented in table- I.
Table – I: Paired ‘t’ Test results and % of changes on agility and flexibility of chosen four groups
Group
Test
N
Mean
DM
‘t’ - ratio
%
Agility (Score in seconds)
Combined Training
Pre
15
11.252
0.020
3.18
0.53
Post
15
11.192
SAQ Training
Pre
15
11.256
0.043
2.78
0.39
Post
15
11.213
Resistance Training
Pre
15
11.259
0.072
2.73
0.20
Post
15
11.237
Control
Pre
15
11.250
0.002
0.03
0.001
Post
15
11.252
Flexibility (Score in centimetres)
Combined Training
Pre
15
10.139
0.62
4.52
0.60
Post
15
10.201
SAQ Training
Pre
15
10.141
0.072
3.11
0.39
Post
15
10.181
Resistance Training
Pre
15
10.140
0.020
3.19
0.19
Post
15
10.160
Control
Pre
15
10.142
0.00
0.001
0.00
Post
15
10.142
Table value for df 14 is 2.15(*significant)
The pre and post values of three training groups differ considerably since the ‘t’ values on agility of combined
training (3.18), SAQ training (2.78) and resistance training (2.73) groups were greater than the table value (df
14 = 2.15). After 12 weeks of treatment, combined training (0.53%), SAQ training (0.39%) as well as
resistance training (0.20%) group’s agility enhanced considerably.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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The pre and post values of three training groups differ considerably since the ‘t’ values on flexibility of
combined training (4.52), SAQ training (3.11) and resistance training (3.19) groups were greater than the table
value (df 14 = 2.15). After 12 weeks of treatment, combined training (0.60%), SAQ training (0.39%) as well as
resistance training (0.19%) group’s flexibility enhanced considerably.
By using ANCOVA statistics, the cardio agility and flexibility of four groups were analyzed and exhibited in
table–II.
Table – II: ANCOVA Statistics output on agility and flexibility of chosen four group’s
CTG
STG
RTG
CG
SoV
SS
df
MS
‘F’ ratio
Agility (Score in seconds)
Adjusted
Mean
11.190
11.219
11.230
11.253
B
0.033
3
0.017
30.186*
W
0.002
55
0.001
Flexibility (Score in centimetres)
Adjusted
Mean
10.198
10.176
10.158
10.141
B
0.052
3
0.019
42.184*
W
0.023
55
0.011
(Table value for df 3 & 55 is 2.77) *Significant (.05 level)
CTG - Combined Training Group
STG - SAQ Training Group
RTG - Combined Training Group
CG - Control Group
The ANCOVA result proved that the adjusted final means on (CTG=11.190, STG=11.290, RTG=11.230 &
CG=11.253) on agility of all four chosen groups significantly differs, as the derived ‘F’ value (30.186) is better
than the required value (df 3 & 55 is 2.77).
The ANCOVA result proved that the adjusted final means on (CTG=10.198, STG=10.176, RTG=10.158 &
CG=10.141) on flexibility of all four chosen groups significantly differs, as the derived ‘F’ value (42.184) is
better than the required value (df 3 & 55 is 2.77).
As the adjusted final means is significant, the follow up test was applied as put on view in table-III.
Table – III: Scheffe’s test outcome on agility and flexibility of four groups
Combined
Training Group
SAQ Training
Group
Resistance Training
Group
Control
Group
MD
CI
Agility (Score in seconds)
11.190
11.219
0.029*
0.019
11.190
11.230
0.040*
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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11.190
11.253
0.063*
11.219
11.230
0.011
11.219
11.253
0.034*
11.230
11.253
0.023*
Flexibility (Score in centimetres)
10.198
10.176
-
-
0.022*
0.0201
10.198
-
10.158
-
0.04*
10.198
-
-
10.141
0.057*
-
10.176
10.158
-
0.018*
-
10.176
-
10.141
0.035*
-
-
10.158
10.141
0.017*
*Significant (.05)
As the confidence interval required to be significant at 0.05 level is 0.019 on agility and 0.0201 on flexibility
and the obtained values are greater than the required value except SAQ and resistance training on agility, it is
observed that the significant difference is found to be existed. Chosen four group’s agility and flexibility
scores are illustrated in diagram-I.
Figure – I: Adjusted post-test mean values on agility and flexibility of chosen groups
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the study indicated that there was enormous improvement in agility and flexibility for the
three training groups in contrast with the control group. In addition, the results of the tests shows that there
was significant difference between experimental groups and control group on agility and flexibility. Research
suggests that appropriate combined and isolated SAQ and resistance training will improve agility and
flexibility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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