INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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A Study on Utilisation on Vidiyal Payanam with Special Reference to
Udumalpet
Dr. R Rajini
1*
, Dr. S. Bhuvaneswari
2
1
Associate Professor of Economics, Sri. GVG Visalakshi College for Women. Udumalpet, India
2
Associate Professor of Commerce, Sri. GVG Visalakshi College for Women, Udumalpet, India
ABSTRACT
Women empowerment in India focuses on improving women's social, economic, and political status to achieve
equality and dignity. The Tamil Nadu the Government has initiated various programs to enhance the women
empowerment. One of the best scheme was zero bus ticket had introduced our honourable chief minister. He has
put a first sign in this scheme in the year 2021. The main objectives of the scheme is to women mobility, engaged
in work force, to remove gender equity and to independent in the society. In the year 2023 ZTBT renamed as
vidiyal payanam. This research paper was analyse the satisfaction levels of women passengers utilizing the
Vidiyal Scheme in Udumalpet town. The research paper focuses on satisfaction level, income opportunities and
understand the socio-economic characteristics for the purpose the researcher undertake a sample size 160
respondents from the study area. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents who
have used the Vidiyal Scheme by using convenient sampling technique. The research paper has a positive impact
of usage of the scheme. This scheme aims to directly or indirectly enhance the women status and empower the
women in this society.
Key Words: Vidiyal Payanam, Governement Scheme
INTRODUCTION
The transportation system has high importance to all of society. Transportation plays a vital role in connecting
people it refers to a vehicle carrying some person or something from one place to another place. Gender justice
has been a cornerstone of several social justice measures undertaken by the Government of Tamil Nadu over the
past 50 years. In an ancient period women are not came out from home. In india Traditionally women have
secondary role in every household. Since Independence, policy makers been a priority in welfare of women.
Empowerment of women involves many things such as economic opportunity, social equality and personal rights
this related to there has been a remarkable shift. Our Tamil nadu government had approached to women’s issues
from welfare to development. Women empowerment focuses on improving women's social, economic, and
political status to achieve equality and dignity. This involves promoting education, healthcare, and economic
independence, along with addressing gender-based violence and inequality. The Tamil Nadu government under
the Department of Social Welfare and Women Empowerment announced a scheme whereby women travellers
can travel without paying any fare in government-run normal-fare buses (for short distances of up to 30
kilometers) in cities and towns in the state. Our honourable chief minister MK Stalin was launched Zero Ticket
Bus Travel Scheme for women in 2021. This vidiyal payanam scheme is one of the social welfare schemes that
encourage women to participate more actively in work and reduce their dependency on private mobility. The
Zero Ticket Bus Travel Scheme renamed as Vidiyal Payanam. Tamil Nadu government initiative that provides
free bus travel for women in ordinary city buses. This scheme aims to directly or indirectly enhance the women
status and empower the women in this society. So this study has decided to compare the economic benefits of
women passengers in the rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
Page 150
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Anu Prashanthi et.al (2025) Passenger Satisfaction On Zero Ticket Bus Travel Scheme A tamil nadu
government initiative” the study mainly focuses on women empowerment scheme. The objective of the study
was to understand the satisfaction and impact of scheme among women. The researcher collected sample from
150 respondents from Coimbatore District by adopting purposing sampling methods was used to analyse the
collected data. The study concluded that the Zero Bus Ticket Travel scheme had a positive impact on the study
area.
Gomathi and Revathy (2024) Their study on "A Study on Women Welfare Among Zero Ticket Bus Travel in
Coimbatore" aims to assess the impact and effectiveness of the Zero-ticket Travel Scheme for Women
Passengers in public buses implemented in Coimbatore, this research focuses on understanding the socio-
economic benefits, mobility improvements, and overall satisfaction levels of women beneficiaries under this
scheme in Coimbatore. Furthermore, the study evaluates the non-economic effects, including increased
accessibility to job opportunities, healthcare, and education, and the enhancement of women's overall quality of
life. The findings of this study will contribute to the existing literature on public transportation, women's welfare,
and gender equality, providing valuable insights for policymakers, transport authorities, and other stakeholders
to enhance the effectiveness of similar schemes and initiatives aimed at promoting women's empowerment and
socio-economic development in urban areas like Coimbatore.
Kanakamalini and Gopinath(2023) their article on “Karnataka’s Shakti Scheme: Women Reclaiming Public
Spaces and Mobility” intends to analyse the need for and impact of the ‘Shakti’ scheme. This is also an attempt
to examine the need for the ‘Gruhalakshmi’ guarantee scheme. This paper analyses the socio-economic impact
of the ‘Shakti’ scheme in the backdrop of the various critical comments received after its launch. It examines
Karnataka’s declining female labour force participation and the factors contributing to it. It also makes a note of
the nature of women’s unpaid household labour. It examines the two major factors, viz. economic dependency
and economic security. It underscores the various factors obstructing the mobility of women in public places.
One of the unique aspects of this paper is its exploration of folklore in order to understand and identify the type
of barriers to women’s access to public spaces and mobility. The article traces the trajectory of women’s
restricted presence in public spaces.
To understand the socio- economic characteristics of the respondents.
To explore nature of employment and income opportunities through the scheme.
To analyze the level of satisfaction of women’s passengers towards zero ticket bus travel scheme.
METHODOLOGY
Descriptive survey design was used to assess the economic impact of Vidiyal Payanam scheme among women
passengers The study will compare economic indicators before and after the scheme’s introduction to assess its
effectiveness among residents of Pallapalayam.
Primary Data
In this study primary data was collected from the sample women respondents through a well-structured
questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared with guidance of the experts in the relevant filed. Necessary
corrections were made in the questionnaire to complete the research work successfully.
Sampling Technique
The population for the study is women passengers travelling through TNSTC and availing Vidiyal Payanam
Scheme at Pallapalayam village in Udumalpet Taluk, Tirupur District. The sampling unit implies that the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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respondents those who are using TNSTC free bus scheme. The researcher collected data from 160 women
respondents were selected at random by using convenient sampling technique.
Data Analyses and interpretation
Table No. 1 Demographic factor
Variables
No. of respondents
Percentage
Age group
21-30
67
41.9
31-40
35
21.9
41-50
41
25.6
50-60
17
10.6
Marital Status
Married
125
78.1
Unmarried
35
21.9
Hindu
151
94.4
Muslim
3
1.9
Christian
6
3.8
Educational Qualification
SSLC
68
42.5
HSC
42
26.3
UG
33
20.6
PG
17
10.6
Rural
142
88.8
Urban
17
11.2
Daily Wage Labourer in Agriculture / Construction
86
53.8
Factory Work
7
4.4
Street Vendor
5
3.1
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Self-employed (other than street-vending)
1
0.6
Employed in Retail Service
5
3.1
Health care Services (including Anganwadi workers)
1
0.6
Employed in office Work
2
1.2
Professional
4
2.5
Housekeeping work in firms
5
3.1
Others
44
27.5
Below 10000
4
2.5
10000-15000
146
91.3
15000-20000
7
4.4
20000-25000
1
0.6
Above 25000
2
1.3
2-4
155
96.9
4-6
4
2.5
Above 6
1
.6
Total
160
100
Source : Primary data
The above table indicate that 41.9 per cent of the respondents age group between 21- 30years, 78.1 per cent of
the respondents were married,94.4 per cent of the respondents were belongs to Hindu religion.42.5 per cent of
the respondents educated up to SSLC level, 88.8 of the respondents resided at rural area , 53.8 per cent of the
respondents were engaged in daily wages especially agricultural and construction,91.3 per cent of the
respondents earned monthly income between Rs.10000 to 15000 and 96.9 per cent of the respondents family
member between 2-4.
Table No.2 Usage of Vidiyal payanam scheme
Variables
No. of respondents
Percentage
Purposes of Travel
Workplace\Office
114
71.3
Hospital
2
1.2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Shopping
10
6.3
Temple
7
4.4
Relative house
7
4.4
College
20
12.5
Below 2 Kilometres
2
1.3
2-4 Kilometres
75
46.9
4-6 Kilometres
75
46.9
6-8 Kilometres
2
1.3
8-10 kilometres
3
1.9
Above 10 kilometres
3
1.9
Twice
159
99.4
Four times
1
0.6
Remains the Same
31
19.4
Number of Trips increased
129
80.6
Yes
66
41.3
No
34
21.3
To some extent
60
37.5
Below 15 Minutes
2
1.3
15-30 Minutes
78
48.8
30-45 Minutes
77
48.1
Above 45 Minutes
3
1.9
Source : Primary data
The above table reveals that 71.3 per cent of the respondents were used Vidiyal payanam scheme for going to
work place, 46.9 per cent of the respondents are travelling 2-4 kilometres and 4-6 kilometres respectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Majority 99.4 per cent of the respondends travel twice in a day , 80.6 per cent of the respondents states that
number of trips of travel has been increased after introducing the scheme. , while traveling 41.3per cent of the
respondents were interaction with fellow passengers 48.8per cent of the respondents travelling duration is 15-30
minutes in a day.
Table No: 3 Amount Savings per Month from Vidiyal Payanam Scheme
Below 1000
7
4.4
1000-1500
151
94.4
1500-2000
2
1.3
Total
160
100.0
Source : Primary data
It is stated in the above table that 94.4 per cent of respondents are able to save Rs.1000-1500 per month by using
Vidiyal PayanamScheme.4.4 per cent of them are able to save less than Rs 1000 per month. Only 1.3per cent of
respondents are able to save as Rs 1500-2000 per month.
Table No:4 Financial Priorities and Savings Allocation through Vidiyal Payanam Scheme
Food Expenditure
6
3.8
Health Care & Maintenance
5
3.1
Loan repayment
29
18.1
Personal saving
118
73.8
Recreation expenditure
1
.6
Children's Snacks
1
.6
Total
160
100.0
Source : Primary data
It is inferred from the table that,73.8 per cent of the respondents are use their savings for personal savings
purpose.18.1per cent of respondents allocated for loan repayment, only 3.8per cent of respondents allocated for
food expenditure and 3.1 per cent of respondents allocated for health care & maintenance and each 0.6 per cent
of the respondents are recreation expenditure and children's snacks
Table No: 5 Level of Satisfaction
Average
8
5.0
Good
57
35.6
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Very good
65
40.6
Excellent
30
18.8
Total
160
100.0
Source : Primary data
It is inferred from the table that, 95 per cent of respondents are satisfied with the service.40.6 per cent of
respondents rate their experience as "Very Good", the highest percentage.35.6 per cent of respondents report a
"Good" experience, while 18.8 per cent say it's "Excellent". Only 5 per cent of respondents express an "Average"
level of satisfaction.
There is no significant association between age group and number of trips in a day
The table following that presents the results of a Chi-Square test conducted to examine the relationship between
two categorical variables. The key statistical values include the Pearson Chi-Square, Likelihood Ratio, and
Linear-by-Linear Association, with their corresponding degrees of freedom (df) and significance values (Asymp.
Sig).
1.397
a
3
.706
1.750
3
.626
1.005
1
.316
160
The above table shows that Pearson Chi-Square test statistic is 1.397 with 3 degrees of freedom, and the
associated p-value is .706. Since the p-value is greater than the conventional significance level (typically 0.05),
we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This suggests that there is no statistically significant association between
the two categorical variables. The Likelihood Ratio test also produces a non-significant result (p = .626),
reinforcing the conclusion that the variables do not exhibit a significant relationship. This test assesses whether
there is a trend or linear association between the variables. The p-value (.316) is above 0.05, indicating no
significant linear relationship. The total number of valid observations in the analysis is 160, ensuring an adequate
sample size for the Chi-Square test.
There is no significant difference between the demographic factors of the respondents and on their average
savings per month
The table presents the results of an ANOVA test conducted to assess the impact of various personal factors on
different dependent variables. The key statistics include the sum of squares, degrees of freedom (df), mean sum
of squares, F-values, and significance levels (p-values). The F-value determines whether there is a statistically
significant difference between groups, with significance assessed at the conventional threshold of 0.05.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Personal
Factors
Source of Variation
Sum of
Squares
Degrees of
Freedom
Mean Sum
of Squares
F values
Significant/
Not
Significant
Education
Between group
Within group
Total
93.694
75.299
168.994
3
156
159
31.231
483
64.703
*
Religion
Between groups
Within groups
Total
137
25.457
25.594
2
157
159
.069
.162
.423
**
Occupation
Between group
Within group
Total
113.257
3753.937
3867.194
2
157
159
56.628
23.910
2.368
**
Marital
Status
Between groups
Within groups
Total
24.581
2.763
27.344
1
158
159
24.581
.017
1405.542
*
Interaction
with
passengers
Between groups
Within groups
Total
2.867
122.908
125.775
5
154
159
.573
798
.719
**
Minutes
Spent
Between groups
Within groups
Total
47.379
4.615
51.994
3
156
159
15.793
.030
533.881
*
Kilometres
Travel
Between groups
Within groups
Total
20.931
79.044
99.975
2
157
159
10.465
.503
20.786
*
Number of
trip
Increased
Between groups
Within groups
Total
3.964
24.279
28.244
6
153
159
.661
159
4.164
**
* Significant
** Not Significant
The table presents the results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining the impact of personal factors on
the Vidiyal Payanam scheme. The significant factors influencing the scheme's effectiveness include education
(p-value = 0.000), marital status (p-value = 0.000), minutes spent (p-value = 0.000), and kilometers travelled (p-
value = 0.000). Conversely, factors such as religion (p-value = 0.656), occupation (p-value = 0.097), Number of
trip increased (p-value = 0.001), and interaction with passengers (p-value = 0.610) did not significantly impact
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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the scheme. These findings suggest that the Vidiyal Payanam scheme's success is influenced by various personal
factors, which should be considered for its effective implementation.
41.9 per cent of the respondents age group between 21- 30years, one third of the respondents(78.1 per
cent ) were married,
Majority (94.4 per cent) of the respondents were belongs to Hindu religion.
Under educational qualification 42.5 per cent of the respondents educated up to SSLC level,
Majority (88.8 percent) of the respondents resided at rural area
Half (53.8 per cent) of the respondents were engaged in daily wages especially agricultural and
construction.
In the study area majority (91.3 per cent) of the respondents earned monthly income between Rs.10000
to 15000
96.9 per cent of the respondents family member between 2-4.
71.3 per cent of the respondents were used Vidiyal payanam scheme for going to work place
46.9 per cent of the respondents are travelling 2-4 kilometres and 4-6 kilometres respectively.
Majority 99.4 per cent of the respondents travel twice in a day.
80.6 per cent of the respondents states that number of trips of travel has been increased after introducing
the scheme.
While traveling 41.3per cent of the respondents were interaction with fellow passengers 48.8per cent of
the respondents travelling duration is 15-30 minutes in a day
94.4 per cent of respondents are able to save Rs.1000-1500 per month by using Vidiyal PayanamScheme.
One third (73.8 per cent) of the respondents are use their savings for personal savings purpose
Majority (95 per cent)of respondents are satisfied with the service.
Suggestions
The necessary measures could be taken to maintain cleanness in the free buses.
The government increase the frequency during peak hours.
The buses may follow the correct time for pickup and drop at regular stops.
The negative attitudes of drivers and conductors could be avoided when they interact with women
passengers availing the ZTBT scheme.
Passenger grievance cell may be formed to solve the grievance of passengers received through mail,
complaint box and toll-free number.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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CONCLUSION
Empowering women to participate fully in economic life across all sectors is essential to build stronger
economics, achieve internationally agreed goals for development and sustainability, and improve quality of life.
There have been a number of initiatives involving women in the road of construction and maintenance of welfare
schemes. The ease and safety of travel can encourage greater numbers of women to take wage employment that
requires them to commute or travel. The Zero Ticket Bus Travel Scheme is fully accepted by the public.
REFERENCES
1. Mrs. R. Anu Prashanthi,Dr. M. Premalatha,Ms. T. Niranchana, Passenger Satisfaction On Zero Ticket
Bus Travel Scheme A TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE”,IJCRT,Vol 3 issue 5, May
2025,Pg.No.97-100.
2. Ms. D. Gomathi & Dr. S. Revathi, A Study on Women Welfare Among Zero Ticket Bus Travel in
Coimbatore" IJNRD,Vol 9 Issue 4, April 2024,Pg. No 172-182.
3. Kanakamalini M.A. & Pratheeksha Gopinath, Women Reclaiming Public Spaces and Mobility, 8th
International Conference on “Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: Emerging Trends”
November 29 & 30, 2023, Mysuru, India, Pg. No. 1-11.
4. S. Kiruthika, Dr. G. Ravi, (2022) “Impact of women free bus operation in Tamil Nadu state transport
corporation (TNSTC) of Tamil Nadu”- International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-
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