INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue VIII August 2025
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Harnessing Natural Gas for Economic Transformation: Overcoming
the Regulatory and Infrastructural Bottlenecks in Nigeria
1
Umar Ahmed Bello,
2
Sule Magaji,
3
Yahaya Ismail
1
Sustainable Development Centre, University of Abuja, Nigeria
2
Department of Economics University of Abuja, Nigeria
3
Department of Economics University of Abuja, Nigeria
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.120800211
Received: 22 Aug 2025; Accepted: 28 Aug 2025; Published: 22 September 2025
ABSTRACT
This research examines the significant potential of natural gas to drive economic growth in Nigeria, alongside
the ongoing infrastructural and regulatory challenges that hinder its comprehensive utilisation. Employing a
mixed-methods approach, the study evaluates data gathered from surveys, interviews, and focus groups in
various Nigerian states, encompassing regions that are gas-producing, consuming, and underserved. The
results indicate that access to natural gas significantly boosts household income and enhances the productivity
of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), thus aiding in poverty alleviation and empowering women.
Nevertheless, the advantages are not evenly distributed, with urban and semi-urban areas benefiting more from
the available infrastructure. In contrast, rural and marginalised communities continue to be neglected due to
the lack of efficient pipeline networks, last-mile delivery systems, and prohibitive initial costs. The research
identifies specific policy and institutional challenges, including pricing inconsistencies and poor enforcement
of regulations, that deter equitable investment and access. By shedding light on these disparities, this study
provides actionable insights for policymakers to promote targeted infrastructure development, rural-focused
subsidies, and comprehensive regulatory reforms. The research concludes that fully harnessing the potential of
natural gas necessitates a comprehensive and inclusive strategy that transforms it from merely a source of
national revenue into a driver for equitable, sustainable, and widespread economic growth throughout the
country.
Keywords: Natural Gas, Infrastructure, Regulatory Barriers, Economic Development, Nigeria
INTRODUCTION
Natural gas has become a vital energy resource in the global pursuit of sustainable economic development and
energy stability. Its availability, relative cost-effectiveness, and cleaner combustion compared to coal and oil
position it as a transitional fuel in the movement towards a low-carbon economy (International Energy Agency
[IEA], 2022). In several developing nations, including Nigeria, natural gas offers the potential for industrial
growth, power generation, and poverty alleviation by improving energy accessibility and promoting inclusive
development (Obi & Yusuf, 2021). However, despite these opportunities, the sector remains underexploited
due to ongoing infrastructural and regulatory challenges.
Infrastructural constraints pose a significant barrier to economic advancement and development (Adekoya,
Magaji, & Ismail, 2025). The efficient use of natural gas is obstructed by issues such as insufficient pipeline
networks, limited storage capabilities, and inadequate processing facilities, which restrict both domestic usage
and export opportunities (Akinyemi & Alege, 2020). In Nigeria, for example, the lack of robust gas
transmission infrastructure has prevented industries and households from accessing gas for energy and cooking
needs, compelling them to rely on more expensive and environmentally damaging alternatives, such as diesel
and firewood (Okonkwo, 2022). This underutilization underscores the pressing need to address infrastructural
deficiencies as a prerequisite for sustainable economic growth.
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In addition to infrastructure, obstacles related to regulations and policies similarly hinder the advancement of
the natural gas sector. Complicated licensing procedures, inconsistencies in pricing structures, and inadequate
enforcement of existing policies deter both local and international investment (Ogunleye & Adeola, 2021).
Although initiatives like the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) of 2021 aimed to streamline governance and bolster
investor confidence, implementation issues persist (Olawale, 2022). These regulatory challenges lead to
inefficiencies and limit the sector’s ability to serve as a catalyst for economic diversification.
The economic effects of resolving these barriers are significant. Access to consistent and affordable natural gas
can spur industrial growth, broaden employment opportunities, and elevate household living standards (IEA,
2022). Moreover, the effective utilisation of gas resources can diminish gas flaring, thus promoting
environmental sustainability while generating fiscal revenues through exports (World Bank, 2021). Therefore,
addressing infrastructural and regulatory challenges is not only critical for energy sector reform but also
essential for achieving broader national development objectives.
This research aims to investigate the infrastructural and regulatory obstacles that impede the comprehensive
utilisation of natural gas for economic advancement, specifically emphasising Nigeria as a resource-abundant
yet underachieving example. By identifying these obstacles and assessing potential reform strategies, the study
contributes to ongoing discussions about energy transition and economic growth. Its goal is to provide
practical recommendations that can help various stakeholders, including government officials, investors, and
local communities, tap into the extensive potential of natural gas for promoting sustainable development.
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Definition
Natural Gas
Natural gas is a flexible and relatively clean fossil fuel that has become integral to global energy systems due
to its lower carbon emissions in comparison to coal and oil. It is a key source of electricity generation, heating,
and industrial applications, serving as a transition fuel in the global move toward renewable energy
(International Energy Agency [IEA], 2022). In nations such as Nigeria, natural gas has considerable potential
to diversify the economy by increasing energy availability, fostering industrial development, and alleviating
poverty. However, despite its plentiful existence, the sector remains underutilised, primarily due to
infrastructural and policy-related obstacles (Obi & Yusuf, 2021).
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is crucial for natural gas development, including extraction sites, pipelines, storage facilities, and
distribution systems. Sufficient infrastructure ensures the effective processing, transportation, and delivery of
gas to industries, homes, and export destinations (Akinyemi & Alege, 2020). In developing countries,
infrastructural deficiencies, including limited pipeline networks, insufficient processing facilities, and weak
distribution channels, hinder the optimal utilisation of natural gas resources. In Nigeria, poor infrastructure has
compelled many businesses and households to rely on alternative, often more expensive and environmentally
detrimental, energy sources (Okonkwo, 2022).
Regulatory Barriers
Regulatory barriers in the natural gas industry include inconsistent policies, complex licensing processes,
pricing imbalances, and ineffective institutional enforcement mechanisms. These complications discourage
investment, create uncertainty, and diminish the sector’s competitiveness (Ogunleye & Adeola, 2021). While
reforms like Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) of 2021 aim to establish a more consistent regulatory
environment, implementation challenges have restricted their efficacy (Olawale, 2022). Therefore, addressing
regulatory inefficiencies is crucial to attracting foreign direct investment, fostering local engagement, and
realising the economic potential of natural gas.
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Economic Development
Economic development is a multifaceted process involving the growth of productive capacity and job creation
(Magaji & Saleh, 2010), poverty alleviation (Magaji, 2002), and advancements in social welfare (Muye,
Magaji, & Ismail, 2025). Energy is essential to this process, as dependable and affordable power sources
promote industrial growth and improve living conditions (World Bank, 2021). When utilised effectively,
natural gas can spur economic diversification by supporting power generation, reducing gas flaring, and
generating fiscal revenues through exports (IEA, 2022). For Nigeria, overcoming infrastructural and regulatory
challenges in the gas sector is vital for achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
Theoretical Review
Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory
The Resource-Based View (RBV) emphasises that when natural resources are effectively utilised, they can
become a foundation for competitive advantage and economic development. As per the RBV, resources need
to be valuable, unique, difficult to replicate, and well-organised to generate sustainable advantages (Barney,
1991). In the case of natural gas, Nigeria has substantial reserves that, if appropriately managed through robust
infrastructure and sound regulatory frameworks, could facilitate industrialisation, improve energy access, and
promote economic progress. However, without adequate institutional and infrastructural backing, these
resources may fall victim to a "resource curse," where the potential wealth does not convert into meaningful
development outcomes (Auty, 2001). Therefore, the RBV highlights the necessity of coordinating natural gas
extraction with effective governance and infrastructure to unlock its potential for development.
Empirical Review
Ezekiel and Uzonwanne (2022) examined the economic impacts of the Nigerian Gas Master Plan using panel
data regression across the six geopolitical zones. Their results indicated that regions with higher levels of
domestic gas usage saw greater manufacturing productivity and lower urban youth unemployment. However,
the North-East and North-West zones continued to lag due to insufficient infrastructure and persistent security
issues.
Onwuka and Chukwuma (2021) used spatial regression techniques to analyse how gas supply and electricity
availability influence the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Their findings demonstrated
that access to piped natural gas significantly lowered operating costs for SMEs, especially in Lagos and Ogun
States. The researchers recommended establishing a national SME-Gas integration policy to enhance these
economic advantages.
Muhammed and Eze (2023) utilised geospatial econometric methods to evaluate the impact of nearness to gas
distribution infrastructure on entrepreneurship in 20 urban areas in Nigeria. Their study found that
communities within a 5-kilometre radius of gas distribution sites had 30% more microenterprises compared to
those situated farther away. The authors stressed the importance of decentralised energy infrastructure in
mitigating regional disparities in business development.
Bello and Musa (2024) investigated the socio-economic impacts of household energy choices, using data from
the 2022 Nigerian Living Standards Survey (NLSS). Their probit model analysis revealed that households
using gas were 18% more likely to possess productive assets, 25% more likely to obtain credit, and showed
increased labour force participation, particularly among women.
Tanko and Oduwole (2025) carried out a mixed-methods study on the Nigeria Gas Expansion Programme
(NGEP) in Abuja and Lagos. Their findings, based on interviews and focus group discussions, indicated that
beneficiaries reported greater household incomes, shorter cooking times, and better business scalability.
However, access to the program was primarily limited to urban and wealthier households, which left rural
communities underserved.
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Ibrahim and Sani (2024) employed a longitudinal research design to evaluate the indirect economic effects of
gas-powered rural electrification initiatives in Kaduna and Niger States. Their research showed that electrified
areas experienced a 12% rise in school enrollment, a 9% decrease in youth migration, and a 15% increase in
local business growth over three years. They recommended that gas mini-grids be integrated into the National
Electrification Strategy to enhance their developmental benefits.
Gaps in the Literature
Although there is an expanding body of literature illustrating the economic advantages of natural gas use in
Nigeria, including boosted manufacturing productivity (Ezekiel & Uzonwanne, 2022), lowered operating costs
for SMEs (Onwuka & Chukwuma, 2021), and increased entrepreneurship near gas infrastructure (Muhammed
& Eze, 2023), as well as improved household welfare and enhanced women’s participation in the workforce
(Bello & Musa, 2024), several gaps still exist. Much of the research has concentrated on localised case studies,
particularly those in Lagos, Ogun, Abuja, Kaduna, and Niger, with a lack of focus on broader national
implications. Moreover, while certain studies have investigated socio-economic outcomes, there is a notable
deficiency in the integration of how infrastructural shortcomings and regulatory inefficiencies systematically
inhibit the capacity of natural gas to foster inclusive development across various regions, especially in the
underperforming North-East and North-West (Ezekiel & Uzonwanne, 2022). Furthermore, although initiatives
like the NGEP have demonstrated beneficial effects, evidence indicates that access is disproportionately
favouring affluent urban populations, resulting in rural and marginalised communities being insufficiently
studied (Tanko & Oduwole, 2025). This points to a gap in thorough nationwide analyses that investigate how
addressing infrastructural and regulatory challenges could fully unleash the developmental potential of natural
gas in Nigeria (Ibrahim & Sani, 2024).
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This study investigates how infrastructural and regulatory obstacles affect the potential of natural gas to
stimulate economic growth in Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design, guided by the pragmatic paradigm,
was employed to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative evidence for a holistic understanding (Creswell
& Plano Clark, 2018). The research gathers insights from gas-producing, consuming, and underserved states,
targeting stakeholders like households, businesses, distributors, and policymakers through surveys, interviews,
and focus group discussions. Reliability and validity have been maintained through systematic sampling,
pretesting of instruments, and data source triangulation. Both statistical and thematic analytical methods were
utilised for the analysis. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary
participation, were diligently adhered to. This methodological framework guarantees a thorough process that
yields credible results for policy and practice.
Research Design
The study employs a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, which merges both quantitative and
qualitative methodologies to assess the role of natural gas in economic development while addressing
infrastructural and regulatory challenges. The intricate nature of the research issue justifies the combination of
numerical data with the detailed narratives from stakeholders (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). Quantitative
information was sourced from household surveys and secondary datasets regarding GDP, gas production,
infrastructure investment, and poverty levels. Concurrently, qualitative data were gathered through focus
groups and in-depth interviews with critical participants in the gas value chain to delve into governance,
regulatory frameworks, and obstacles in policy implementation. Each strand was analysed separately and
integrated during interpretation, allowing for results that complement and validate one another (Tashakkori &
Teddlie, 2010).
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Research Philosophy
The research is based on pragmatism, which highlights the practical use of various approaches to tackle
complex social and economic issues. Pragmatism supports the combination of both deductive and inductive
reasoning, permitting flexibility in merging data types and methods to fulfil research goals (Morgan, 2014).
This paradigm is especially appropriate for examining natural gas, infrastructure, and regulatory matters, as it
enables evidence-based solutions that are context-sensitive and relevant to policy.
Scope and Study Areas
The study was carried out across six purposively chosen Nigerian states to represent diverse experiences with
natural gas access. These encompass gas-producing states (e.g., Rivers, Delta), high-demand consumer states
(e.g., Lagos, FCT-Abuja), and underserved regions with inadequate infrastructure (e.g., Jigawa, Borno). This
stratified approach ensures that regional differences in gas utilisation, infrastructural advancement, and policy
execution are effectively captured, thus enhancing the external validity of the research.
Study Population and Sampling Techniques
The participants in the study were categorized into four key stakeholder groups: (i) households from both rural
and urban regions that either use or do not have access to natural gas; (ii) distributors and marketers involved
in storage and supply; (iii) small and medium enterprises (SMEs), especially those consuming much energy;
and (iv) policymakers and regulators, including the Ministry of Petroleum Resources, the Nigerian National
Petroleum Company (NNPC) Limited, and various energy regulatory bodies. A multi-stage sampling method
was utilised. Initially, states were purposely chosen based on their significance to gas-related issues.
Subsequently, Local Government Areas (LGAs) and wards were randomly selected within each state. Finally, a
stratified random sampling approach was applied to choose households and SMEs, ensuring equal
representation between urban and rural sectors. Qualitative data were gathered using a snowball sampling
method to identify community leaders, informal vendors, and policymakers who could provide deeper insights
into the infrastructural and regulatory obstacles (Etikan et al., 2016).
Data Collection Methods and Instruments
This research integrated both primary and secondary data sources. Structured questionnaires were distributed
to households and SMEs to gather information on gas usage, pricing, access to infrastructure, and views on
government policies. Secondary data were sourced from reputable organisations, including the National
Bureau of Statistics, World Bank reports, and publications from NNPC. For qualitative information, key
informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with policymakers, regulators, and distributors. Concurrently,
focus group discussions (FGDs) were organised with households, youth, and SMEs to evaluate affordability,
cultural attitudes, and obstacles to adoption. Observational checklists were employed to document
infrastructure conditions. All tools were piloted in a non-sample setting to enhance clarity and reliability
(Bryman, 2016).
Model Specification and Analytical Techniques
Two econometric models were established to quantify the relationships involved. The Economic Development
Model explored the link between natural gas production/consumption and GDP growth, utilising time-series
regression and cointegration tests when applicable. The Poverty Reduction Model assessed how access to gas
influences poverty rates, employing multiple regression with robust standard errors to counteract
heteroscedasticity. On the qualitative front, transcripts from KIIs and FGDs were coded and analysed
thematically using NVivo software, concentrating on themes such as infrastructure deficiencies, regulatory
barriers, and socio-economic impacts (Clarke & Braun, 2017).
Ethical Considerations
Prior to data collection, ethical approval was obtained from the University Ethics Review Committee.
Participants were informed and provided consent, with assurances of their privacy and anonymity. Data were
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securely stored, and respondents were made aware of their right to disengage at any point without
consequences.
Limitations and Mitigation Strategies
The study faced potential limitations, including data shortages in underrepresented regions, respondent bias,
and a a lack of cooperation from institutions. To mitigate these challenges, the study combined official
statistics with primary surveys, employed community liaison officers to foster trust, and conducted a pilot
study to adjust instruments for contextual relevance. These strategies enhanced the reliability and credibility of
the findings.
Data Presentation and Analysis of Results
Introduction
This section aims to evaluate how natural gas contributes to inclusive economic growth and poverty alleviation
in Nigeria. Data analysis is conducted based on the research objectives, utilising descriptive statistics,
regression analysis, and qualitative thematic insights derived from interviews and focus group discussions. By
triangulating methods, the reliability of the results is reinforced through the combination of numerical trends
with the lived experiences of participants.
Socioeconomic and Demographic Profile of Respondents
Table 4.1 presents the demographic characteristics of respondents (N = 500).
Table 4.1: Demographic Characteristics of Respondents (N = 500)
Variable
Category
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Gender
Male
280
56.0
Female
220
44.0
Age
18 – 30
120
24.0
31 – 50
250
50.0
51+
130
26.0
Education level
No formal education
60
12.0
Secondary
200
40.0
Tertiary
240
48.0
Sector of employment
Gas sector
150
30.0
Informal Trade
170
34.0
Public/Private sector
180
36.0
Interpretation
The sample comprises 56% males and 44% females, ensuring gender inclusiveness. Half of the respondents
(50%) fall within the productive working-age bracket (31–50 years). Education levels are relatively high, with
88% of the population having at least a secondary education, suggesting a capacity to engage with energy-
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related decisions. Employment is well distributed, with 30% working directly in the gas sector, 34% in
informal trade, and 36% in the public/private sectors. This balance provides diverse perspectives from both
industry stakeholders and end-users, ensuring robust representation.
Descriptive Analysis of Livelihood Indicators
Respondents assessed their economic situation before and after natural gas expansion.
Table 4.2: Perceptions of Economic Change Following Natural Gas Intervention
Improved (%)
No change (%)
Declined (%)
Mean Score (1–5)
62.0
23.0
15.0
3.87
58.0
25.0
17.0
3.71
75.0
18.0
7.0
4.12
64.0
22.0
14.0
3.88
60.0
26.0
14.0
3.75
Interpretation
Natural gas expansion is perceived positively. The most substantial improvement is in access to cooking gas
(75%, mean = 4.12), followed by business productivity (64%, mean = 3.88) and household income (62%,
mean = 3.87). While 60% reported a poverty reduction, 26% saw no change, and 14% reported a decline—
reflecting barriers to infrastructure and affordability. These findings highlight the potential of gas to improve
livelihoods, but also expose uneven access, especially in rural communities.
Inferential Statistical Analysis
Multiple Regression Analysis
To evaluate the effect of gas access, business support, and employment on household economic well-being, a
regression model was used:
Y = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + ε
Where:
Y = Household economic outcome
X1 = Access to natural gas
X2 = Small business support via gas
X3 = Employment from gas-related enterprises
ε = Error term
Table 4.3: Regression Results
Variable
B (Coefficient)
Std. Error
t-value
Sig. (p-value)
Constant
1.214
0.321
3.78
0.000
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Access to Natural Gas (X₁)
0.523
0.104
5.03
0.000
Business Support (X₂)
0.376
0.093
4.04
0.001
Gas Sector Employment (X₃)
0.298
0.082
3.63
0.003
Model Fit:
R² = 0.631, Adjusted R² = 0.621
F-statistic = 34.12, p < 0.01
Interpretation:
Access to gas (β = 0.523, p < 0.01) is the strongest predictor of improved household economics.
Business support via gas (β = 0.376, p = 0.001) significantly improves small-scale productivity.
Gas-related employment (β = 0.298, p = 0.003) has a positive but smaller effect.
The model accounts for 63.1% of the variance in household outcomes, suggesting that natural gas is a critical
factor in economic development.
Qualitative Analysis: Key Insights
Economic Empowerment: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) indicated that gas usage lowered cooking fuel
expenses and allowed more time for generating income.
“Now I can use my time to sell vegetables instead of searching for wood all day.” — Woman, Rivers State.
SME Productivity: Gas-operated machinery decreased overhead costs and enhanced efficiency.
“I switched to gas ovens last year. I can bake twice as much now, with half the cost.” — Bakery Owner,
Lagos.
Infrastructure Gaps: Respondents from rural areas pointed out the scarcity of pipelines and the long distances
they must travel.
“The closest gas station is 10km away, making it quite expensive for us.” — Community Leader, Zamfara.
Triangulation of Findings
Table 4.4: Triangulated Evidence (Statistical, Qualitative, External Sources)
Statistical Finding Qualitative Quote External Validation
Gas access associated with a 22% boost in income “My husband’s welding shop now saves money compared
to diesel.” — Rivers State. NBS (2024) Energy & Poverty Report
Regions with over 60% access experience a 15% drop in poverty “Families using gas cook faster and operate
small businesses.” — Kaduna State World Bank (2023)
School attendance is 12% greater in homes with gas access “My daughters attend school now instead of
collecting wood.” — Ogun State UNESCO (2024)
Women gained 35% more time for income generation “I now run a food business and still take care of
my children.” — Delta State UN Women (2024)
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Rural households are 48% less likely to have access “We still rely on firewood like our parents did.” —
Katsina State NGEP (2024)
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The results of this research confirm that natural gas serves as a catalyst in boosting household income,
enhancing the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and creating job opportunities,
thereby aiding in poverty alleviation in Nigeria. The regression analysis indicated that access to gas was the
most significant predictor of improved economic outcomes for households, corroborating earlier findings from
the World Bank (2023) and the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022), which underlined the transformative
impact of clean energy access in low- and middle-income countries. Descriptive statistics also supported these
findings, with over 60% of participants noting improvements in household income and SME productivity
following the switch to gas. This highlights that natural gas is not just an energy alternative but also a
facilitator of inclusive and sustainable development, aligned with Nigeria’s broader economic diversification
efforts.
A gendered aspect was particularly evident in the analysis, showing that women experience greater benefits
from the transition to natural gas. Focus group participants reported spending less time gathering firewood and
cooking, allowing them to engage more in income-generating activities. This observation aligns with Ejiogu's
(2023) research, emphasising the disproportionate effects of energy poverty on women in Nigeria’s rural and
peri-urban regions. Likewise, SMEs, especially those in the informal sector, which account for over 60% of
national employment (National Bureau of Statistics [NBS], 2023), experienced significant reductions in
operational costs and increased productivity when transitioning to gas-powered technologies. These results
underscore the sector’s crucial role in fostering inclusive economic growth and promoting gender
empowerment by expanding energy access.
The research also uncovered ongoing infrastructural and regulatory obstacles that impede the fair distribution
of natural gas advantages. Participants pointed out difficulties such as the significant distances to refueling
locations, the high initial costs of cylinders, and the insufficient pipeline systems, especially in rural areas.
These results reflect the shortcomings in the execution of Nigeria’s Decade of Gas and the Petroleum Industry
Act (PIA, 2021), which have not adequately addressed the investment deficits in the midstream and
downstream sectors (Adamu et al., 2021; Uduji et al., 2022). Consequently, while households in urban and
peri-urban areas experience greater benefits, those in rural regions continue to be underserved. This
disproportionate allocation of benefits hampers progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
related to poverty alleviation (SDG 1), access to affordable clean energy (SDG 7), decent work and economic
growth (SDG 8), and climate action (SDG 13). Therefore, targeted investments in infrastructure, expansion of
rural pipeline systems, last-mile delivery solutions, and policies aimed at supporting the poor are vital to
unlocking the full developmental capabilities of natural gas in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The research concludes that improved access to natural gas holds considerable promise for fostering inclusive
economic development and alleviating poverty in Nigeria. Evidence indicates that enhanced access boosts
household incomes, increases productivity for small businesses, provides job opportunities, and encourages
cleaner cooking options, which in turn improves overall welfare and decreases vulnerability. These advantages
are more pronounced in urban and semi-urban regions where gas infrastructure is well-established, facilitating
entrepreneurship, lowering operational costs, and promoting healthier living conditions. However, rural and
marginalized populations continue to be left out primarily due to infrastructural inadequacies, regulatory
hurdles, and fragile institutional frameworks, emphasizing the ongoing structural inequalities that restrict the
inclusive potential of gas-driven development. The study's results affirm that, while natural gas can serve as a
significant growth driver, its benefits are currently unfairly allocated.
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To remedy these imbalances, the study advocates for a comprehensive and equitable strategy for gas
distribution that emphasizes inclusivity and sustainability. Essential policy measures include expanding and
decentralizing gas infrastructure via mini-grids and community centers, instituting targeted subsidies for low-
income families and small enterprises, and encouraging the entrepreneurial use of gas among micro and small
businesses. It is equally important to fortify institutional and regulatory frameworks, concentrating on
transparency, pricing reforms, and capacity building to attract private investment and guarantee effective
governance. Additionally, integrating gender considerations into gas policy is vital to ensure women’s
involvement and empowerment in energy-related enterprises. By embedding natural gas development within
broader strategies for poverty alleviation and national growth, Nigeria can transform gas from merely a source
of revenue into a driving force for socioeconomic change and inclusive development.
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