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ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) Detachable Cap:
Enhancing Medication Accessibility for Patients with Hand Muscle
and Joint Weakness
Arabel Bantan
1
, Bai Eusrah S. Ebrahim
2
, Sofia Bianca D. Moyet
3
, Sittie Julaifa Nekesha M. Santiago
4
,
Cynthia Claire F. Guinto, RPh, CPh
5
Pharmacy Department, St. Alexius College, Koronadal City, South Cotabato, Mindanao, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.120800358
Received: 23 September 2025; Accepted 29 September 2025; Published: 14 October 2025
ABSTRACT
The increasing prevalence of hand muscle and joint weakness, particularly among patients with conditions such
as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), posed significant challenges in
medication management. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing and evaluating the ASES
(Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) detachable cap, an ergonomic innovation designed to facilitate the
opening and handling of medication bottles. The research employed a quasi-experimental post-test-only design,
involving 20 participants aged 18 and above with hand muscle and joint weakness, residing in Koronadal City.
The ASES detachable cap was assessed through torque and tear resistance tests to evaluate its physical
properties, and a survey questionnaire measured patient satisfaction and convenience. Results indicated a
significant reduction in the force required to open medication bottles, with mean torque values decreasing from
4.78 N-m to 1.71 N-m. The tear resistance test demonstrated high durability, with a mean tear strength of 20.49
N/mm². Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and convenience, with overall mean scores of 4.37 and
4.08, respectively. The study concluded that the ASES detachable cap effectively enhances medication
accessibility and management for patients with hand muscle and joint weakness, improving their independence
and quality of life.
Keywords- ASES detachable cap, accessibility, assistive technology, ergonomic design, hand muscle and joint
weakness, medication packaging, torque test, tear resistance test, patient satisfaction, convenience, quasi-
experimental study.
INTRODUCTION
The increasing prevalence of hand muscle and joint weakness poses a critical challenge in daily activities,
particularly in medication management. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) often experience pain, joint stiffness, and limited grip strength, making it difficult to open
medication containers (Mikuls et al., 2020; Cano-Garcia, 2024). Elderly populations are especially affected,
with reduced dexterity and declining grip strength further limiting their independence (Butler et al., 2019;
Alghadir et al., 2016). Those with myoneural disorders face additional barriers due to disrupted nerve-muscle
coordination, impacting fine motor control (Omar et al., 2023). Other conditions like osteoarthritis, tendonitis,
and neuropathy result in pain, numbness, and weakness that worsen these challenges (Yaseen, 2024; Donaldson
et al., 2023; Hudson, 2023; Castelli et al., 2020). These challenges not only hinder their ability to manage their
medications effectively but can also contribute to a decrease in overall independence and quality of life (Ma et
al., 2021).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.71 billion people globally suffer from
musculoskeletal conditions, which include RA and SLE (WHO, 2022). Nationally, the prevalence of
inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) among Filipino patients like SLE was 41.4%, and for RA it was 15.2%
(Zamora et al., 2023). However, there is currently no available data in any local articles or journals about the
prevalence of these diseases within Koronadal City, South Cotabato. To address this gap, the researchers
gathered data from different hospitals and clinics in Koronadal City for the year 2024. The results revealed that
there were 3,032 patients diagnosed with musculoskeletal conditions, 2,298 with neuropathy, 109 with
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tendonitis/tendon injury, 83 with osteoarthritis, 55 with myoneural disorders, 39 with hand fractures, 36 with
RA, and 8 with SLE. These findings underscore the high local prevalence and emphasize the need for solutions
that support patient autonomy in medication use.
In response, this study proposed the ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) detachable medication
cap—an ergonomic innovation designed to ease the opening and handling of medication bottles. Research has
shown that assistive devices can enhance the independence of patients with hand impairments, empowering them
to manage their medication more effectively (Islam, 2024). This study aimed to provide an innovative ergonomic
solution tailored for patients with hand muscle and joint weakness. By focusing on the design and evaluation of
a detachable medication cap, the research seeks to empower individuals, enabling them to independently manage
their medication needs without requiring assistance. The expected outcome of this study is to contribute to the
social value by promoting autonomy and enhancing the quality of life for affected patients. The dissemination
plan included publishing the research paper in academic journals to share the findings with the broader scientific
community and healthcare professionals, further expanding its impact.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Design
In conducting this study, the researchers employed a quasi-experimental research design. An initial pilot test was
conducted to validate procedures, followed by a product evaluation phase. This design allowed the assessment
of the interventions’ effects without random assignment (Ary et al., 2018) making it ideal for studying the impact
of the ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) Detachable Cap on the medication accessibility for
individuals with muscle weakness aged 18 and above.
Participants used the ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) Detachable Cap to assess the subjective
measures of ease of use and physical effort. The data from the post-test assessments were then evaluated on the
changes in physical effort, comfort, and user satisfaction. Subjective evaluations (Likert Scales) were used to
capture the effects of the ASES Detachable Cap on medication accessibility.
Research Locale
This research was conducted in Koronadal City, located in the northern part of South Cotabato Province in
Southern Mindanao. Koronadal was selected as the study site due to its roles as the administrative center and
capital of South Cotabato, as well as significance as a regional hub for commerce, culture, and population. It is
known as the regional center, Koronadal supports various agricultural and commercial activities, which play a
crucial role in the local economy and act as drivers of regional development (Philippines Statistics Authority,
2022).
Population and Sampling
The study involved individuals aged 18 and above who suffer from hand muscle and joint weakness and resided
in Koronadal City. For inclusion, participants have met the following criteria: being at least 18 years old, living
in Koronadal City, and experiencing conditions such as myoneural disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis,
systemic lupus erythematosus, tendonitis/tendon injury, or neuropathy. Additionally, participants must be
recently diagnosed with one of these conditions, willingly consent to join the study, and have their condition
verified by an orthopedic surgeon and a physical therapist. They should also be users, past or present, of
medication that requires twisting or gripping packaging and be available for the study's post-test phase.
Conversely, the study excluded individuals who were under 18 years of age, do not live in Koronadal City, or
do not have hand muscle and joint weakness. Exclusion also applied to those who were not recently diagnosed
with the condition, decline to participate, do not have their condition confirmed by a healthcare professional, do
not use medication requiring such packaging, or were not available for the post-test phase.
A purposive sampling design was used as the sampling method for this study. According to the article by Dr.
Renu Bisht (2024), purposive sampling is a non-randomized sampling technique that selects sampling units
based on certain criteria. It is a type of non-probability approach in which the researcher chooses a sample
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(person, cases, or events) based on their assessment that it would fit the study’s objectives. This method enabled
the researchers to find participants who voluntarily agree to participate in the study, ensuring that they were
specifically those who met the criteria related to the objectives of the research. According to Austin and
Steyerberg's (2017) study, experimental studies should have at least 20 participants in order to accurately assess
the effects of the intervention and ensure a sufficient sample size for reliable findings. Therefore, researchers
aimed to find at least 20 qualified participants for this study.
Research Instrument
Prior to the conduct of the study, pilot testing was conducted. The researcher utilized a validated self-made
survey questionnaire that was used to collect data from participants. The content of the survey was validated by
an assigned expert validator to ensure its validity and reliability. The survey was administered to assess product
acceptability.
The post-test involved participants using the ASES detachable Cap for a week. The survey included Likert scale
to measure the satisfaction and ease of usage, with statements like "The ASES Detachable Cap is easy to use,"
rated from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 5 (Strongly agree). A higher rating indicates greater ease of use.
Development of ASES Detachable Cap
Figure 4: Procedure to Develop ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) Detachable Cap
Standard Operating Procedures
A. Force Test (Torque Test)
Preparation of the Sample:
Ensure the ASES detachable cap is in its original or operational condition.
Clean the sample, if necessary - to remove debris or contaminants that could affect the test results.
Test Setup:
Use a DIY Torque testing machine made by Engr. Joery C. Estember to open and close bottles to a specific
torque level.
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The sample is typically installed using a 8 ply yarn into a fixture or corresponding part (e.g., a nut, bottle, or
container) that simulates real-life usage conditions.
Torque Application:
Apply a continuous rotational force to the sample using the DIY torque testing machine, while measuring the
torque in Newton-meters (N-m).
For torque to failure, continue applying force until the component breaks, deforms, or reaches the failure point.
For torque to engage or tighten, the tester measures the torque required to turn the component from a starting
position to a certain point, often until it reaches a certain level of tightness.
Data Collection:
Record the peak torque value (the highest torque applied) and any intermediate values during the test. If
applicable, record the point at which failure occurs.
For multiple tests, perform the procedure on several samples to ensure consistency and accuracy in results.
Post-Test Inspection:
Inspect the sample for signs of damage, such as yarn stripping, cracking, or deformation.
If the component is meant to be reusable, measure its functionality after testing (e.g., can it still be screwed on
and off without issue?).
Physical Integrity Criteria:
Torque Resistance: Should require 0.5 N-m to 1.5 N-m to open/close securely and should withstand 1.5 N-m to
3.0 N-m before damage.
Grip and Ergonomics: Requires no more than 2-4 kg of force and should have textured surfaces for easy grip
and comfort.
User Ease: Should be easy to use for individuals with joint or muscle weakness, with clear visual or tactile
indicators.
A licensed engineer performed a torque test on the ASES detachable cap, made of food-grade silicone, using a
DIY torque testing machine, following ASTM D7860-14 standards. This standard measured the torque retention
properties of various container/continuous thread closure systems, suitable for both child-resistant and non-child-
resistant packaging. It ensured that packages were secure yet accessible, balancing child safety with ease of
opening for adults. Adhering to this standard helped reduce product tampering risk and ensures compliance with
safety regulations, thereby protecting consumers and enhancing product credibility (ASTM, 2022).
According to ASTM E2624-15 which outlined torque calibration procedures, it is recommended to conduct a
minimum of three trials to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the test results (ASTM, 2015). Therefore, it
should conduct at least three trials for your torque test to ensure reliable and consistent results.
Durability Test (Tear Resistance Test)
ASES Detachable Cap Preparation
Prepare ASES Detachable Cap for testing.
Ensure ASES Detachable Cap are free from defects and conform to specified thickness.
Initial Cut: Make a small cut at the designated notch of the specimen to initiate the tear
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Setup of Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
Ensure the UTM is calibrated and in good condition.
Attach grips such as pneumatic side action or self-tightening roller grips to the UTM to hold the specimen
securely.
Mounting the Specimen: Place the specimen in the grips of the UTM, ensuring it is aligned correctly.
Set the UTM to apply a tensile load at a constant rate of extension.
Start the UTM to pull the specimen apart until it tears completely.
Observation and Measurement
Record the force required to initiate and propagate the tear.
Observe the tear path and note any irregularities.
CALCULATION
Calculate tear strength as:Tear Strength = Force at Tear (N)/Thickness of the Material (mm
²)
Express the tear strength in units of force per unit thickness (e.g., N/mm
²).
Documentation
8.1 Record all data, including the force, tear path, and any observations about the failure mode.
8.2 Compare the results to relevant standards or specifications to determine if the material meets the required
durability criteria.
Physical Integrity Criteria:
Range: 5 to 55 N/mm
².
Flexibility and Elasticity: The cap should maintain flexibility and elasticity over a wide temperature range,
typically from -40°C to 230°C, to ensure it can handle various environmental conditions without cracking or
becoming brittle.
Compression Set: This is the material's ability to return to its original thickness after being compressed. A low
compression set is d
esirable to maintain a good seal over time. For food-grade silicone, a typical value is 5- 25%
after 22 hours at 175°C.
A licensed engineer conducted the tear resistance test on the ASES detachable cap made with food-grade silicone
rubber using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and by following the ASTM D624 standard. The ASTM D624
standard is commonly used for determining the tear strength of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers,
which includes silicone rubber. This standard outlined the procedures for measuring the resistance of these
materials to tearing action, which is crucial for assessing their durability and performance in various applications
(ASTM, 2020). ASTM D624 provided similar results to ISO 34, another common test that measures the tear
strength of elastomeric materials. Though the ASTM and ISO organizations who are currently working toward
diminishing the differences between these two standards, the results cannot yet be considered comparable, and
care must be taken to ensure the correct test standards being used for a given application. ASTM D624 is intended
to measure tearing strength only (Thackeray, 2023).
According to the ASTM D624 standard for determining the tear strength of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic
elastomers, it is recommended to conduct a minimum of five trials to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the
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test results (ASTM, 2020). This number of trials helps account for variability and provides a statistically
significant average.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before conducting the study, the researchers provided an informed consent form. An intent letter was sent to the
selected healthcare facility requesting approval to conduct the study. Upon approval, participants were selected
based on the recommendations of the orthopedic surgeon (a specialist in bones and joints) and the physical
therapist.
The participants were informed about the study’s purpose, objectives, and procedures, and each gave informed
consent to participate. ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) Detachable Caps were provided to the
participants and demonstrated twice—first by the researchers, and then by the physical therapist. One week after
the intervention, a product evaluation was conducted to assess the outcomes. Patient responses regarding
satisfaction and convenience were explained individually by the orthopedic surgeon and the physical therapist.
These responses were documented by the researchers, providing both qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate
the effectiveness of the cap in this patient group.
Figure 5: Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Analysis
The statistical analysis for the study on the ASES (Accessory, Solution for Easier Support) detachable cap:
enhancing medication accessibility for patients with hand muscle and joint weakness addressed the research
questions using descriptive statistical methods. For the physical properties, the Force Test (Torque Test) will
measure the rotational force required to open and close the ASES detachable cap using the formula: Torque =
Force (N) × Distance (M). The mean torque value were be calculated to assess the consistency and ease of use
of the cap. Additionally, the Durability Test (Tear Resistance Test) measured the force required to initiate and
propagate a tear in the material, calculated using the formula: Tear Strength = Force (N) / Thickness of the
material (mm²). The mean tear resistance were determined to gauge the material's durability and reliability. In
terms of patient indicators, data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale to assess patient satisfaction and
convenience. For each of these indicators, the mean were computed to provide an overview of patient
performance after the intervention. This approach ensured a clear understanding of the post-intervention
conditions (Field, 2018).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presented a detailed analysis of the data obtained from the study on the ASES (Accessory, Solution
for Easier Support) detachable cap, aimed at enhancing medication accessibility for patients with hand muscle
and joint weakness. Descriptive statistical methods were done to answer the specific questions of this study.
Table 1 Torque Test Results
Trials
Results
Interpretation
Remarks
Before the use of ASES
Detachable Cap
After the use of ASES
Detachable Cap
Trial 1
4.22 N-m
1.79 N-m
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Trial 2
7.38 N-m
2.28 N-m
Within the criteria
range
Passed
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Trial 3
2.74 N-m
1.07 N-m
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Mean
4.78 N-m
1.71 N-m
Within the criteria
range
Passed
The torque test results shown significant improvements in the ease of opening and closing medication bottles
after utilizing the ASES detachable cap. Initially, the torque required to open/close the bottles was considerably
high, with values of 4.22 N-m, 7.38 N-m, and 2.74 N-m across three trials, resulting in an overall mean of 4.78
N-m. These values exceeded the recommended range of 0.5 N-m to 1.5 N-m to open/close securely and withstand
1.5 N-m to 3.0 N-m before damage, indicating difficulty and potential risk of damage. However, after using the
ASES detachable cap, the torque required decreased substantially to 1.79 N-m, 2.28 N-m, and 1.07 N-m in the
respective trials, with an overall mean of 1.71 N-m. These post-utilization values fall within the criteria range,
demonstrating improved ease of use and compliance with physical integrity criteria. The criteria for torque
resistance, which require 0.5 N-m to 1.5 N-m to open/close securely and withstand 1.5 N-m to 3.0 N-m before
damage, were met after using the cap, as all post-utilization values were within the range and withstood the
criteria before damage. These results are supported by ASTM standards such as ASTM D7860-14 and ASTM
E2624-15, which outline the methods for measuring torque retention and calibration of testing machines (ASTM,
2022; ASTM International, 2015).
Further supporting these results, Barbosa et al. (2021) emphasized in their systematic review that assistive
devices for upper limb rehabilitation must prioritize ergonomic design and torque reduction to improve usability
and reduce strain in patients with neuromuscular impairments. Their findings highlight that mechanical assistive
tools, even without complex electronics, can significantly enhance functional independence when designed with
torque-limiting features. Similarly, a 2018 review by Varghese et al. on upper-limb exoskeletons for
rehabilitation concluded that minimizing torque and resistance in assistive devices is essential for improving
user compliance and reducing fatigue during repetitive tasks. Additionally, a 2023 study on home-based
mechatronic rehabilitation systems by Forbrigger et al. reinforced that torque optimization in assistive tools
directly correlates with improved patient satisfaction and reduced physical effort. These studies collectively
validate the ASES detachable cap’s effectiveness in reducing torque demands and enhancing medication
accessibility for individuals with hand muscle and joint weakness.
Table 2 Tear Resistance Test Results
Trials
Results
Interpretation
Remarks
Trial 1
19.75 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Trial 2
19.09 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Trial 3
20.27 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Trial 4
20.64 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Trial 5
22.68 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
Mean
20.49 N/mm²
Within the criteria
range
Passed
The tear resistance test results for the ASES detachable cap material shown its high durability and reliability
across five trials. The tear resistance values were calculated as 19.75 N/mm², 19.09 N/mm², 20.27 N/mm², 20.64
N/mm², and 22.68 N/mm² for Trials 1 through 5, respectively. These values fall within the required range of 5
to 55 N/mm², indicating that the material meets the criteria for tear resistance and can withstand significant force
before damage. The mean tensile strength was found to be 20.49 N/mm² reflecting consistent performance across
all trials. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the ASES detachable cap in providing a durable and
reliable solution for medication management, ensuring that the material can endure the physical demands of
regular use without compromising its integrity. The consistent tear resistance values across multiple trials
underscored the cap's ability to maintain its structural integrity under varying conditions, making it a dependable
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choice for patients with hand muscle and joint weakness. These results are supported by ASTM D624, which
specifies the standard test method for tear strength of conventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic
elastomers (ASTM, 2020).
Further supporting these findings, Qian and Jiang (2023) compared ASTM and ISO protocols for testing tear
strength in medical-grade silicone. Their study confirmed that silicone rubber consistently meets durability
standards required for assistive and wearable medical devices, particularly under repetitive-use conditions.
Additionally, Li et al. (2025) conducted a study on the machinability and performance of medical-grade materials
and emphasized the importance of selecting materials with high mechanical strength and fatigue resistance for
biomedical applications, including those subjected to frequent handling. These studies validate the ASES cap’s
material choice and its performance in tear resistance testing.
Table 3 Overall Mean on Level of Perception of Patient Satisfaction on Ases Detachable Cap
Items
Perception
Mean
Description
Verbal
Interpretation
1. I am pleased with how well the
ASES detachable cap works.
4.45
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
2. My everyday life has been
improved by the ASES detachable
cap. (Use period: 7 days)
4.05
Agree
Satisfied
3. The ASES detachable cap helps me
manage my medication on my
own.
4.35
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
4. The ASES detachable cap has
lessened my frustrations with
opening medication bottles.
4.40
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
5. I feel more confident in managing
my medication with the help of
ASES detachable cap.
4.50
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
6. I find the design of the ASES
detachable cap attractive.
4.10
Agree
Satisfied
7. The ASES detachable cap performs
consistently and reliably.
4.65
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
8. The ASES detachable cap has made
it easier for me to open medication
bottles without causing hand pain.
4.00
Agree
Satisfied
9. I would recommend the ASES
detachable cap to others
4.60
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
10. Overall, I am satisfied with the
quality and performance of ASES
detachable cap
4.60
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
Overall Mean:
4.37
Strongly Agree
Highly Satisfied
The questionnaire results indicated a high level of patient satisfaction with the ASES detachable cap, reflected
in an overall mean score of 4.37. Users strongly agreed that the cap works well and helps them manage their
medication independently, with mean scores of 4.45 and 4.35, respectively. The cap significantly improved users'
daily lives (mean = 4.05) and reduced frustrations associated with opening medication bottles (mean = 4.40).
Additionally, users felt more confident in managing their medication with the cap's help (mean = 4.50) and found
it to be consistently reliable (mean = 4.65). The cap's design was also appreciated, with users agreeing that it is
attractive (mean = 4.10). The high recommendation score (mean = 4.60) further emphasized the cap's perceived
value and effectiveness. Overall, the positive feedback highlighted the cap's potential to enhance medication
management and improve the daily lives of patients.
These findings were supported by studies on patient
satisfaction questionnaires, such as the revised Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-R), which has
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demonstrated validity and reliability in assessing patient satisfaction (Niu et al., 2024; CAHPS, 2024). The PSQ-
R study emphasized the importance of healthcare service quality and medical staff skills in enhancing patient
satisfaction, which aligns with the positive perceptions of the ASES detachable cap in improving medication
management (Niu et al., 2024).
These results are further supported by Fernández-Batanero et al. (2022), who conducted a systematic review on
assistive technologies and found that user satisfaction is significantly influenced by ease of use, perceived
autonomy, and the ability to reduce physical effort. Similarly, Donnelly et al. (2023), in their study published in
The Patient – Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, emphasized that satisfaction with assistive technologies is
closely tied to how well the device integrates into daily routines and supports independence. Additionally,
Haltaufderheide et al. (2023) noted that users of socially assistive devices report higher satisfaction when the
tools are intuitive and reduce reliance on caregivers, which aligns with the ASES cap’s design and user feedback.
Table 4 Overall Mean on Level of Perception of Patient Convenience on Ases Detachable Cap
Items
Perception
Mean
Description
Verbal Interpretation
1. The ASES detachable cap is
easy to attach and detach
from the medication bottles
3.65
Agree
Convenient
2. The ASES detachable cap is
easy to use.
4
Agree
Convenient
3. The ASES detachable cap
makes it easier to open my
medication bottles.
4.10
Agree
Convenient
4. I find the ASES detachable
cap’s design comfortable to
handle.
3.60
Agree
Convenient
5. The design of the ASES
detachable cap allows for an
easy grip.
3.80
Agree
Convenient
6. The ASES detachable cap is
light and easy to carry.
4
Agree
Convenient
7. The ASES detachable cap's
ergonomic design reduces
strain on my hands when
opening my medication
bottles.
4.10
Agree
Convenient
8. The ASES detachable cap is
easy to store when not in use.
4.45
Strongly Agree
Very Convenient
9. Using the ASES detachable
cap has made my medication
routine more convenient.
4.10
Agree
Convenient
10. Overall, the ASES
detachable cap has exceeded
my expectations for its
convenience.
4.30
Strongly Agree
Very Convenient
Overall Mean:
4.08
Agree
Convenient
The questionnaire results shown that users found the ASES detachable cap to be generally convenient, with an
overall mean score of 4.08. Users agreed that the cap is easy to attach and detach from medication bottles (mean
= 3.65) and easy to use (mean = 4.00). The cap's design was found comfortable to handle (mean = 3.60) and
allowed for an easy grip (mean = 3.80). The ergonomic design reduced hand strain when opening medication
bottles (mean = 4.10), and the cap was easy to store when not in use (mean = 4.45). Users felt that the cap made
their medication routine more convenient (mean = 4.10) and exceeded their expectations for convenience (mean
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= 4.30). These results underscored the cap's potential to simplify medication management and enhance the
overall convenience for patients. The findings aligned with the CAHPS Patient Experience Surveys, which
emphasize the importance of ease of use and patient convenience in healthcare products (CAHPS, 2024). The
CAHPS surveys highlighted the significance of patient experiences with healthcare services, which supported
the positive feedback on the convenience of the ASES detachable cap in improving medication routines
(CAHPS, 2024).
These findings are further supported by Soar et al. (2020), who reviewed assistive technologies for older adults
and found that ease of use, reliability, and support for daily living were among the most important factors
influencing adoption and perceived convenience. Their study emphasized that assistive tools that reduce
complexity and integrate seamlessly into daily routines are more likely to be accepted and consistently used.
Additionally, Haltaufderheide et al. (2023) conducted a systematic review on socially assistive devices and
concluded that intuitive design and reduced need for external help significantly enhance autonomy and
convenience for users with physical impairments. These findings reinforce the conclusion that the ASES
detachable cap’s ergonomic and user-friendly design contributes meaningfully to patient convenience and
independence.
CONCLUSION
In light of the findings, the researchers concluded that the majority of the participants reported high levels of
satisfaction and convenience with the ASES detachable cap. The torque test results indicated that the force
required to open and close medication bottles significantly decreased, with mean torque values falling within the
recommended range. The tear resistance test demonstrated that the cap material was highly durable, consistently
meeting the required standards. The study observed that the primary challenges faced by participants with hand
muscle and joint weakness were effectively addressed by the ASES detachable cap, which reduced physical
strain and improved medication management. Overall, the findings revealed that the ASES detachable cap
significantly improves medication accessibility and convenience for patients with hand muscle and joint
weakness.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers extend their warmest thanks to all individuals whose valuable contributions have been integral
to the successful completion of this study.
The researchers express their deepest gratitude to Dr. Erwin M. Faller, RPh, MSPharm, PhD, who served as their
research mentor, for enabling them to carry out this study and expand their knowledge of research through this
endeavor. His encouragement and constructive criticisms inspired the successful completion of the research
project.
The researchers also express heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Cynthia Claire F. Guinto, RPh, CPh, their research adviser,
whose advice and help made this project possible. Her knowledge and guidance were invaluable in completing
this research.
The researchers express heartfelt appreciation to the distinguished panel members for attending their defense.
The researchers are grateful for their intelligent feedback and ideas, which improved the quality of this work.
The researchers extend their thanks to the Faculty and Staff of St. Alexius College's Pharmacy Department for
their continued assistance throughout the study process. Their counsel and support substantially benefited the
researchers’ growth and success.
The researchers also extend their appreciation to Ms. Genie Tejada G. Galido, Pharmacy Laboratory In-Charge,
for her support and assistance in the use of laboratory apparatus during the product development phase.
The researchers thank Mr. Venchie C. Badong, RCH, PFT, MAT, CSSO, their research statistician, for his
assistance and the provision of reliable data on the outcomes of the intervention utilized in the study.
The researchers sincerely thank DAPPMC's skilled physical therapists, Ms. Rosane Dawn A. Quimba, Ms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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Clariza Mae Malamid, and Mr. James Rafael Bautista Trespeces, whose professionalism and expertise
significantly advanced the research.
The researchers extend heartfelt appreciation to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and
Engr. Joery C. Estember and Mr. Richard Joy C. Tobias for their continuous support and technical assistance in
the torque test and tear resistance test. The researchers are also most thankful to Mr. Abdul Hameed J. Abas,
RRT, for his full support and assistance in this study.
The researchers wish to convey their heartiest gratitude to their doting parents—Ms. Norma U. Santiago, SFO4
Yasser H. Ebrahim, Mrs. Bai Suhaima S. Ebrahim, Ms. Rohannie H. Ebrahim, Ms. Mary Joy Bantan, Mrs.
Ednalyn D. Moyet, and Mr. George S. Moyet—for inspiring them and for their unwavering support in this
endeavor.
The researchers also thank Dr. Anthony B. Pascua, MD, FPOA, for the time and effort he invested in reviewing
the questionnaires and applying his professional judgment as an orthopedic specialist. The researchers express
their gratitude to Mr. Sam Hendrick C. Amatong, MBA, MSc(c), RPh, CSE, Ms. Mariabe P. Quinco, RPh,
MSPH, and Ms. Kimberly Jean B. Surmion, RPh, MSPH, for their comments in reviewing and validating the
research questionnaires and for sharing their expertise to enhance the research.
Finally, the researchers extend their sincerest gratitude to their sponsors for their generosity and support: Ms.
Mariam M. Daud, Director of Finance Management Services; Dr. Sittie Soreina D. Kundo, MD; and Hon. Mayor
Datu Andal S. Ampatuan V, whose contributions have been invaluable to the successful completion of this
project.
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