ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue IX September 2025
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Dr. Jajbir Singh
Head of Department (H.O.D) & Associate Professor Department of Swasthavritta & Yoga Lal Bahadur
Shastri Mahila Ayurvedic College & Hospital Bilaspur, District Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India
ABSTRACT
Skin disorders constitute a major segment of global disease burden, affecting millions across all age groups.
Chronic conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, acne, vitiligo, and recurrent infections significantly impair quality
of life and often resist permanent cure through conventional dermatology. While modern approaches provide
symptomatic relief through pharmacological and surgical interventions, recurrence, side effects, and
psychosocial impact remain key challenges. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic
framework of dermatology (Kushtha Chikitsa) that emphasizes internal balance, detoxification, rejuvenation,
and lifestyle correction. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Ayurvedic dermatology in the
management of skin disorders, correlating classical principles with modern biomedical insights. Textual
references from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya are examined alongside
contemporary evidence on phytopharmacology and clinical outcomes. Internal medicines including Manjishtha
(Rubia cordifolia), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Haridra (Curcuma longa), and Khadira (Acacia catechu) are
explored for their blood-purifying, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Panchakarma therapies,
Rasayana interventions, and diet-lifestyle regimens are highlighted as key holistic strategies. The paper
integrates conceptual models of dosha imbalance, Agni dysfunction, and Ama accumulation with modern
concepts of inflammation, immunity, and the gut-skin axis. Evidence from clinical trials, pharmacological
studies, and integrative dermatology frameworks supports the relevance of Ayurveda in global skin health.
Challenges such as lack of standardization, regulatory acceptance and need for rigorous randomized controlled
trials are also discussed. The findings argue that Ayurveda provides a sustainable, patient-centred and
scientifically relevant paradigm for integrative dermatology.
Keywords: Kushtha, Panchakarma, Rasayana, Dermatology, Pharmacology, Standardization
INTRODUCTION
Skin, the largest organ of the human body, serves as a protective barrier, a sensory organ, and a mirror of internal
health. Globally, skin diseases are recognized as one of the top ten causes of disability, affecting nearly 1.9
billion people at any given time (WHO, 2020). Chronic conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and
vitiligo are associated not only with physical discomfort but also with profound psychosocial stress, stigma, and
economic burden.
Modern dermatology has made significant progress in diagnostics, immunotherapy, and targeted drugs.
However, limitations persist: long-term use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressants often leads to side effects,
while recurrence and chronicity remain unresolved. This has prompted growing interest in integrative approaches
that address both internal imbalances and external manifestations.
Ayurveda conceptualizes skin (Twak) disorders as manifestations of systemic imbalances involving Doshas
(Vata, Pitta, Kapha), Dhatus (tissues), and Agni (digestive fire). The classics describe Kushtha as an umbrella
term for chronic and complex skin conditions, emphasizing purification, blood detoxification, rejuvenation, and
lifestyle correction. Unlike modern symptom-focused treatments, Ayurveda adopts a root-cause approach that
integrates preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative dimensions.
This paper aims to provide a transdisciplinary perspective on Ayurvedic dermatology, linking ancient
frameworks with modern biomedical science, and highlighting its potential role in sustainable dermatology
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practices.
Aim And Objectives of the Study
Aim:
The primary aim of this study is to explore and critically analyze the role of Ayurvedic dermatology and internal
medicines in the holistic management of skin disorders, with emphasis on integrating classical Ayurvedic
principles and contemporary scientific evidence to establish Ayurveda’s relevance in modern dermatological
practice.
Objectives:
1. To review and document the Ayurvedic concepts of skin health and pathology with reference to classical
texts.
2. To identify and highlight key Ayurvedic herbs, formulations, and therapies used in the management of
skin disorders.
3. To evaluate the pharmacological and clinical evidence supporting the dermatological applications of
selected Ayurvedic interventions.
4. To compare Ayurvedic approaches with modern dermatological strategies and assess their integrative
potential.
5. To analyze challenges related to standardization, safety, and global acceptance of Ayurvedic
dermatology.
6. To propose future directions for research and application of Ayurveda in global dermatology and
integrative medicine.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Classical Ayurvedic Perspectives
Skin (Twak) is described in Ayurveda as one of the most important sense organs and the outer reflection of
internal health. Classical texts describe seven layers of the skin, each associated with specific disorders (Charaka
Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana 7). Diseases such as Kushtha (a broad term encompassing chronic skin diseases) and
Kilas (vitiligo-like disorders) are described with detailed pathogenesis, classification, and treatment protocols.
Charaka Samhita attributes skin diseases to the vitiation of all three doshas with predominant involvement of
Rakta dhatu (blood tissue). Sushruta Samhita provides surgical and parasurgical measures, including leech
therapy (Jalaukavacharana), while Ashtanga Hridaya emphasizes dietary modifications and internal cleansing.
Ayurvedic texts classify the skin into seven layers (Twak Avachheda), each susceptible to specific disorders
(Table 1). Kushtha and Kilas (conditions resembling vitiligo) are extensively described, with causes traced to
incompatible diet, lifestyle errors, psychosomatic factors, and hereditary predispositions. Pathogenesis is
explained through Dosha-Dushya Samoorchana, where vitiated doshas interact with vulnerable tissues,
primarily Rasa and Rakta dhatus.
Table 1. Ayurvedic Classification of Skin (Twak) and Related Disorders
Skin Layer (Twak
Avachheda)
Description
Associated Disorders
(Examples)
Reference
Avabhasini (1
st
layer)
Outermost layer, gives
complexion
Dullness, acne, tanning
Charaka Samhita
Lohita (2nd layer)
Blood-rich layer
Eczema, allergic reactions
Sushruta Samhita
Shweta (3rd layer)
Maintains skin brightness
Vitiligo, leukoderma
Ashtanga Hridaya
Tamra (4th layer)
Coppery hue, supports dermis
Psoriasis, chronic eczema
Charaka
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue IX September 2025
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Vedini (5th layer)
Sensory perception layer
Pruritus, neuropathic pain
Sushruta
Rohini (6th layer)
Healing and regenerative
Non-healing ulcers, scarring
Ayurveda classics
Mamsadhara (7th
layer)
Deep structural support
Abscesses, fistulas, keloids
Classical texts
Contemporary Scientific Literature
Modern studies validate many Ayurvedic herbs for dermatological applications:
Neem (Azadirachta indica) has demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal effects in managing acne and
eczema.
Haridra (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcumin, known for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in
psoriasis and wound healing.
Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) shows blood-purifying, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory
properties.
Khadira (Acacia catechu) has astringent, anti-allergic, and detoxifying properties beneficial in chronic
dermatoses.
Clinical trials indicate that integrated Ayurvedic regimens can improve outcomes in psoriasis, vitiligo and atopic
dermatitis when compared to standard care.
Conceptual Framework of Ayurvedic Dermatology
Ayurvedic dermatology rests on three pillars:
1. Dosha-Dushya Samoorchana – The pathogenesis of skin disease occurs when vitiated doshas interact
with susceptible tissues (dhatus), particularly Rasa and Rakta.
2. Role of Agni and Ama – Impaired digestive fire leads to the accumulation of toxins that circulate in the
blood and manifest as skin pathology.
3. Rasayana and Rejuvenation – Long-term management emphasizes strengthening immunity (Ojas),
purifying blood, and maintaining equilibrium through rejuvenative herbs and therapies.
The Ayurvedic understanding of skin pathology can be summarized in Figure 1
Figure 1. Pathogenesis of Skin Disorders in Ayurveda
Figure 2. Integrative Model of Skin Health (Ayurveda + Modern Science)
ISSN No. 2321-2705 | DOI: 10.51244/IJRSI |Volume XII Issue IX September 2025
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Materials And Methods / Clinical Insights
This paper synthesizes information from Ayurvedic classics, clinical practice observations, and recent
pharmacological and clinical studies. While not a single clinical trial, the methodology involves:
Textual analysis of Ayurvedic dermatological references.
Phytopharmacological review of selected herbs.
Observational insights from Ayurvedic dermatology case reports and documented outcomes.
Comparative analysis with modern dermatological frameworks.
Ayurvedic Therapeutic Approaches
Internal Medicines
Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia) – Blood purifier, indicated in chronic skin diseases.
Haridra (Curcuma longa) – Reduces inflammation, antioxidant, beneficial in psoriasis.
Neem (Azadirachta indica) – Antimicrobial, detoxifying, useful in eczema and acne.
Khadira (Acacia catechu) – Astringent and detoxifying in Kushtha.
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) – Immunomodulator and anti-allergic.
Table 2. Common Ayurvedic Herbs for Skin Disorders and Their Pharmacological Actions
Herb (Sanskrit/Latin)
Primary Properties in Ayurveda
Modern Pharmacological Evidence
Manjishtha (Rubia
cordifolia)
Rakta shodhaka (blood purifier),
Kushthaghna
Antioxidant, hepatoprotective,
immunomodulatory
Haridra (Curcuma longa)
Krimighna (antimicrobial),
Vishaghna (detoxifier)
Curcumin: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
wound healing
Neem (Azadirachta
indica)
Kandughna (anti-pruritic), Tikta
(bitter)
Antibacterial, antifungal,
immunostimulant
Khadira (Acacia catechu)
Kushthaghna, Rasayana
Astringent, anti-allergic, detoxifying
Guduchi (Tinospora
cordifolia)
Rasayana, Tridoshahara
Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory
Amalaki (Emblica
officinalis)
Rasayana, Vayasthapana (anti-
aging)
Vitamin C-rich antioxidant, collagen
synthesis
Panchakarma Therapies
Vamana (therapeutic emesis) and Virechana (purgation) to expel vitiated doshas.
Raktamokshana (bloodletting/leech therapy) in localized skin conditions.
Basti (medicated enema) for systemic purification.
Rasayana Therapy
Long-term rejuvenative use of Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), and
polyherbal formulations to enhance immunity and prevent recurrence.
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Diet and Lifestyle
Avoidance of incompatible foods (Viruddha Ahara) such as milk with salty or sour items.
Emphasis on bitter, astringent, and light foods for detoxification.
Stress reduction through Yoga and meditation, recognizing the psychosomatic role in skin disorders.
DISCUSSION
Ayurveda’s strength lies in its multidimensional approach. While modern dermatology targets external
pathology, Ayurveda addresses systemic imbalances that predispose the skin to disease. Scientific studies on
phytochemicals (curcumin, neem extracts, manjisthin) validate these classical herbs as anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulatory.
Table 3. Comparison: Ayurvedic vs. Modern Dermatology Approaches
Aspect
Ayurveda
Modern Dermatology
Integration Potential
Etiology
Dosha imbalance, Ama
accumulation, Rakta vitiation
Microbial, genetic,
autoimmune, environmental
Understanding gut-skin axis &
immune dysregulation
Diagnosis
Nidan Panchaka (cause,
symptoms, dosha, dushya, etc.)
Histopathology, lab tests,
imaging
Combined diagnostics (holistic +
biomedical)
Treatment
Panchakarma, herbal
formulations, Rasayana, lifestyle
Steroids, antibiotics,
immunosuppressants, surgery
Reducing side effects &
recurrence with integrative care
Prevention
Dinacharya (daily routine),
Ritucharya (seasonal regimen),
Sattvic diet
Sunscreens, hygiene,
vaccination
Combining preventive regimens
for holistic skin health
Challenges include the need for standardization, clinical validation, and regulatory harmonization. Yet,
integrative potential is vast: cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and personalized Ayurvedic profiling align with
current trends in precision medicine.
Future Prospects
1. Personalized dermatology combining dosha analysis with genomics and microbiome profiling.
2. Integrative clinics offering both modern dermatology and Ayurvedic interventions.
3. Eco-sustainable herbal products promoting green dermatology.
4. Collaborative research with WHO and global institutions to establish guidelines.
CONCLUSION
Ayurveda provides a holistic, preventive and therapeutic model for skin disorders, addressing not only symptoms
but root causes. Internal medicines, Panchakarma, Rasayana, and lifestyle correction together offer sustainable
solutions where modern dermatology often faces limitations. With growing scientific validation, Ayurveda can
become a cornerstone of integrative dermatology, contributing to global skin health and wellness.
Declaration By Author
Ethical Approval:
This study did not involve direct experimentation on human participants or animals. Hence, formal ethical
approval and clearance requirements were not applicable.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author sincerely acknowledges the indirect academic guidance, scholarly resources, and institutional support
that facilitated the successful preparation and completion of this manuscript.
Funding and Support:
The research was conducted independently without any financial assistance, grants, or sponsorship from
governmental bodies, private institutions, or nonprofit organizations.
Conflict of Interest:
The author affirms that there are no conflicts of interest i.e. financial, personal or professional that could have
influenced the research findings or the preparation of this manuscript.
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