INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (IJRSI)
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Empowering Women Entrepreneurs through Digital
Literacy and Capacity Building for Viksit Bharat 2047
M. Varalakshmi
Dr B R Ambedkar Law college, India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51244/IJRSI.2025.120800402
Received: 22 Aug 2025; Accepted: 30 Aug 2025; Published: 22 October 2025
ABSTRACT
The development of female entrepreneurs who can propel social justice, creativity, and economic progress is
essential to realizing the goal of Vikasith Bharat 2047, which calls for India to become a developed country.
This research examines how skill-building, digital literacy, and capacity-building initiatives might enable
women to break through conventional obstacles and start profitable businesses. As the economy becomes more
digitalized, technology becomes a potent facilitator that gives women access to markets and business
prospects. Notwithstanding progress, a number of Indian women entrepreneurs still encounter obstacles such
restricted access to resources, mentoring, education, and financing. Their engagement in the formal sector is
further limited by ingrained sociocultural norms and gender prejudices. Targeted initiatives are needed to
improve women's digital and entrepreneurial skills in order to overcome these limitations.
The study emphasizes effective programs that support women-led enterprises, including as government efforts
like Start-up India and Digital India, as well as corporate and non-governmental collaborations. Case studies
show how women entrepreneurs have used digital literacy initiatives and skill-building seminars to innovate,
grow their enterprises, and support national development. The significance of gender-responsive legislation,
extensive mentorship programs, reasonably priced technological access, and strong market networks is
emphasized in strategic suggestions. India can unleash enormous economic potential, promote inclusiveness,
and create a resilient, self-sufficient country by giving priority to women-centric entrepreneurial ecosystems
backed by funding and regulatory frameworks. Achieving the ambitious aim of a progressive and inclusive
Vikasith Bharat by 2047 requires empowering women entrepreneurs.
Keywords: digital literacy, women entrepreneurs, skill development, capacity building, and Vikasith Bharat
2047 .
INTRODUCTION
Empowering female entrepreneurs has emerged as a strategic necessity in the quickly changing digital
economy to promote inclusive growth, innovation, and sustainable development. With its lofty goal of
becoming a developed nation by 2047, India is poised for revolutionary transformation as countries throughout
the world use technology to propel growth. The empowering of female entrepreneurs, whose efforts have the
potential to greatly increase economic production, lower poverty, and improve social equity, is essential to
realizing this ambition. Notwithstanding notable advancements in gender equality, women in India still
encounter enduring obstacles, such as restricted access to business networks, mentoring, financial resources,
and education. Their involvement in the formal sector and in entrepreneurial endeavors is further limited by
sociocultural norms and gender prejudices. But the digital era presents previously unheard-of chances to
remove these obstacles. Women may reach larger markets, develop quickly, and create long-lasting businesses
by utilizing technology.
1
1
Government of India, Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Skill India: Initiatives for Women, 2023.
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This article examines the vital role that capacity-building programs, computer literacy, and skill development
have in empowering female entrepreneurs. It looks at how these tactics might help women overcome current
obstacles and develop their entrepreneurial skills, empowering them to act as social change agents and
economic growth catalysts. The study highlights the need for focused interventions that promote resilience,
boost competitiveness, and establish gender-sensitive entrepreneurial ecosystems through an examination of
government programs, public-private partnerships, and successful case studies.
India can unleash unrealized economic potential and quicken its transition to a forward-thinking, inclusive, and
independent Vikasith Bharat by providing women entrepreneurs with the necessary tools and resources. In
order to promote women's empowerment in the digital age and secure a future of shared prosperity, this
research attempts to offer practical insights for institutional practices and policy design.
Objectives of the study
1. Encourage women to become more entrepreneurial and proficient in digital skills so they may get over
obstacles and seize possibilities.
2. Develop the skills necessary to spur innovation and company expansion through mentoring and
training.
3. Encourage engagement that is inclusive of all genders by providing resources and creating supportive
environments.
Methods/Approach: A comparative examination of Indian and international efforts is used in this study. It
looks at government efforts like Startup India and Digital India as well as partnerships between the business
sector and non-governmental organizations. It also includes case studies of effective entrepreneurial training
programs.
The Present Situation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs: Over time, the number of female entrepreneurs in
India has steadily increased. Despite many obstacles, women are reinventing entrepreneurship by running
successful startups and small, home-based enterprises. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome
before they can fully participate in the entrepreneurial environment.
2
A Summary of Statistics: About 20% of all Indian businesses are owned by women, according to the Sixth
Economic Census. Most of these companies are informal or home-based, and they are classified as micro,
small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Despite making a substantial contribution to the creation of
jobs, many women-led businesses struggle to develop because of scaling issues.
Role of Digital Platforms in Empowering Female Entrepreneurs: In today's society, digital platforms have
emerged as effective tools for economic development and social transformation. Among the numerous areas
affected by the digital revolution, entrepreneurship has undergone a significant upheaval. Women
entrepreneurs, in particular, have profited greatly from digital platforms, which allow them to overcome
conventional hurdles such as restricted access to money, regional limits, and a lack of market exposure.
3
Breaking Traditional Barriers: Historically, women entrepreneurs faced various hurdles, including cultural
preconceptions, limited access to financial resources, and small professional networks. Many of these obstacles
have been torn down by digital platforms, which create a fair playing field. E-commerce websites, social
media platforms, and freelancing markets enable women to start and expand companies without large initial
expenditures or physical storefronts.
Market Access and Visibility: Digital platforms provide female entrepreneurs access to a worldwide market.
Online marketplaces such as Amazon, Etsy, and Flipkart allow women-led enterprises to reach a larger
2
The World Bank, Skills and Training for Women in Business: Lessons from Emerging Economies, 2022.
3
S. Mehta, “The Impact of Digital Literacy on Women Entrepreneurship,” Indian Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol.
8, no. 3, pp. 45-58, 2022.
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audience. Social media sites such as Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn are efficient marketing tools that
enable businesses to raise brand exposure, communicate directly with customers, and learn critical information
about consumer preferences.
4
Financial Inclusion : Digital payment systems and financial developments have played critical roles in
supporting female businesses. Platforms like as Paytm, Razorpay, and Google Pay enable safe transactions,
making it simpler for women to handle their accounts independently. Furthermore, crowdfunding portals such
as Ketto and Milaap provide alternate funding possibilities, allowing female entrepreneurs to raise funds
without relying primarily on traditional banks.
Skill Development and Networking: Digital platforms provide opportunity for talent development and
networking. E-learning portals such as Coursera, Udemy, and Skillshare provide courses in business
management, marketing, and technology, allowing women to develop their entrepreneurial talents.
Professional networking platforms such as LinkedIn enable female entrepreneurs to interact with mentors,
investors, and colleagues, promoting cooperation and growth.
5
Initiatives in both the public and private sectors:
Governments and commercial groups have realized the potential of digital platforms to assist female entrepren
eurs.Initiatives such as Digital India, NITI Aayog's Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), and Google's In
ternet Saathi initiative have all helped to promote digital literacy among women and assist their entrepreneurial
enterprises
Success Stories: Many female entrepreneurs have used internet channels to achieve exceptional success.
Digital platforms have democratized entrepreneurship, with rural craftsmen selling handcrafted items online
and urban professionals founding software firms. Women-led enterprises in fashion, cuisine, and health, for
example, have grown rapidly thanks to social media marketing and internet sales. The impact of internet
platforms on enabling female entrepreneurs is evident. Digital platforms have revolutionized the
entrepreneurial environment for women by facilitating access to markets, financial instruments, educational
resources, and networking possibilities. As technology advances, it is critical to ensure that women have the
digital skills and assistance they need to properly capitalize on these possibilities, so contributing to a more
equitable and successful economy.
Success Stories for Women Entrepreneurs in India : India has seen an incredible growth in female
entrepreneurs who have disrupted businesses, questioned gender stereotypes, and established themselves as
industry leaders. These success stories demonstrate perseverance, ingenuity, and the potential of digital
platforms in driving company development.
Digital Literacy & Entrepreneurship in India
NITI Aayog (2022) found that only 33% of women entrepreneurs in India had adequate digital literacy
to use online banking and e-commerce effectively, compared to 62% of male entrepreneurs.
A 2019 World Bank study on Rural Women and Digital Platforms showed that women who received
digital skills training increased their business income by 22% within a year, compared to non-trained
peers.
Stand-Up India Scheme (2016–2023) supported over 1.5 lakh women entrepreneurs with loans and
training, but follow-up surveys reveal that many women struggled to maintain repayment schedules
without sustained digital and managerial skill-building.
4
P. Patel and R. Gupta, “Soft Skills and Leadership Development for Women Entrepreneurs,” Journal of Women in Business, vol. 9,
no. 2, pp. 31-46, 2023.
5
NITI Aayog, Empowering Women Entrepreneurs through Skill Development, New Delhi, 2023.
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Global Evidence
Kenya (M-Pesa Mobile Money): A landmark MIT study (Suri & Jack, 2016) showed that access to
mobile money lifted 194,000 Kenyan households out of extreme poverty, with women entrepreneurs
being primary beneficiaries.
Bangladesh (Grameen Bank Digital Microfinance): A 2020 study in the Journal of Development
Studies reported that women borrowers who also received digital skills and financial training saw a
37% increase in microenterprise survival rates, compared to 18% for those who only received credit.
Indonesia (Digital Skills and SMEs): An Asian Development Bank (2021) evaluation revealed that
women-owned SMEs that integrated digital marketing after training had 30–40% higher sales growth
than those relying solely on offline methods.
India:
Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), India: Women trained in mobile banking and digital
marketplaces reported a 45% increase in their ability to negotiate prices with buyers (SEWA Report,
2021).
Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (DISHA), India: A government program trained over 1 crore women in
basic digital literacy; follow-up reports showed 40% of them used these skills for income generation
(running small shops, digital payments, e-services).
Amazon Saheli Program, India: By 2023, over 800,000 women entrepreneurs registered on the
platform. Internal reports show that trained women sellers had 2.5 times higher sales than untrained
women sellers.
Capacity Building & Digital Skills
ILO (2020): Women entrepreneurs who underwent structured capacity-building programs (digital finance +
business skills) in South Asia had 28% higher chances of scaling their enterprises compared to those without
training.
UN Women (2022) reports that closing the digital skills gender gap in developing economies could add $1
trillion to GDP by 2030, with women entrepreneurs being central to this growth.
Case Studies for Successful Women-Led Businesses
1. Falguni Nayar, founder of Nykaa: Falguni Nayar, a former investment banker, founded Nykaa in
2012 as an online beauty and wellness company. Nykaa evolved into one of India's top omnichannel
beauty shops with the use of digital marketing and e-commerce methods. Following the company's IPO
in 2021, Nayar became one of India's wealthiest self-made women. Customer-centric tactics, a strong
web presence, and recognizing industry trends are critical to business success.
2. Richa Kar, Founder of Zivame: Richa Kar changed lingerie shopping in India when she founded
Zivame, an online platform that provided women with a safe and private place to purchase intimate
apparel. Zivame became a household name by shattering societal taboos around underwear purchases.
Identifying market gaps and addressing cultural obstacles can result in game-changing breakthroughs.
3. Vandana Luthra, Founder of VLCC: Vandana Luthra founded VLCC in 1989 as a health and
beauty company. It has grown into a global leader in fitness and beauty services. Creating a
sustainable firm requires a long-term vision and continual service innovation.
4. Shantha Biotechnics (founded by Dr. K. I. Varaprasad Reddy, with significan contributions from
Dr. Manohari Reddy): The business was the first to create and distribute a cheap Hepatitis B
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vaccination in India. Scientific innovation and social responsibility may work together to develop
effective enterprises.
Key Takeaways From Their Journeys
Successful women entrepreneurs prioritize knowing and meeting consumer demands.
Utilizing Digital Platforms: These technologies have facilitated rapid growth and market expansion.
Challenging societal conventions is a recurring subject.
Key success criteria include continuous learning and responding to market developments.
These female entrepreneurs not only motivate others, but they also demonstrate the transforming potential of
skill development, creativity, and a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Skill Development Initiatives for Female Entrepreneurs in India : India has made considerable progress in
empowering female entrepreneurs via various skill development initiatives. These initiatives, funded by both
the government and the private sector, seek to encourage entrepreneurial growth by providing women with
vital skills like as digital literacy, marketing, and financial management.
Importance of Skills Development : Digital literacy is essential for women entrepreneurs who want to use
internet technologies to extend their reach and promote their products. Knowledge of digital marketing
promotes successful consumer involvement, whilst financial management abilities are critical for sustaining
profitability and corporate growth. These skills combined enable women to start and grow successful
enterprises in a competitive environment.
Key Skill Development Programs in India.
1. The Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (DISHA): initiative promotes digital literacy among women
entrepreneurs in rural and semi-urban regions. It trains women to utilize cellphones, digital payment
systems, and online platforms successfully.
2. Mahila E-Haat: Launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, this online platform
enables women entrepreneurs to offer their products directly to consumers, lowering market entry
barriers and increasing financial independence.
3. Stand-Up India: This plan offers bank loans to women entrepreneurs starting new businesses in
manufacturing, services, or commerce.
4. Skill India Mission: This goal focuses on preparing women for employment and business by providing
vocational training in industries such as textiles, hospitality, and technology.
5. Private sector contributions: The private sector has played an important role in skill development for
female entrepreneurs. Programs like as Google's Internet Saathi have taught rural women digital
literacy, allowing them to use web resources for economic purposes. Facebook's She Means Business
project has given women entrepreneurs the necessary marketing abilities to grow their firms on digital
channels.
These projects aim to break down old barriers, promote financial independence, and inspire creativity among
female entrepreneurs. By encouraging digital literacy and financial management abilities, India is laying the
groundwork for a more inclusive and vibrant business environment headed by women.
Capacity-Building Strategies: Training and Mentoring Programs: Structured training sessions and
mentorship programs assist women in developing crucial business skills and gaining industry insights. Private
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sector initiatives, such as Facebook's SheMeansBusiness and Google's Internet Saathi, help to further this
objective.
6
Networking Opportunities: Networking platforms allow women to interact, cooperate, and share their
experiences, promoting creativity and progress. Events, industry gatherings, and online networks provide
valuable exposure.
Policy Support for Women Entrepreneurs: Government policies promote and assist the expansion of
female-led businesses.
The Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) of NITI Aayog provides mentorship, financial assistance,
and tools to help and accelerate the growth of women entrepreneurs in India.
Challenges & Barriers to Digital Empowerment in India: Despite India's fast digital revolution, a number
of barriers impede the digital empowerment of female entrepreneurs. These restrictions impede their capacity
to use digital tools to drive economic success and societal improvement.
Limited digital literacy.
Many women, particularly in rural regions, lack fundamental computer skills.
Inability to utilize cellphones, browse digital platforms, and use e-commerce solutions hinders
entrepreneurial endeavors.
Access to Technology and Infrastructure
Inadequate internet access and digital infrastructure in rural areas provide challenges.
Women entrepreneurs face additional barriers due to high expenditures for digital equipment and
services.
6
The World Bank, Skills and Training for Women in Business: Lessons from Emerging Economies, 2022.
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Financial constraints
Women face limited access to financial resources and digital payment methods, preventing them from
investing in digital solutions.
Traditional gender prejudices continue to hinder loan access.
Social and Cultural Barriers.
Gender conventions might inhibit women from exploring entrepreneurial opportunities, particularly
digital companies.
Women’s ability to devote time to developing digital skills is limited by family duties and cultural
expectations.
Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Concerns
Fear of online abuse, fraud, and identity theft prevents women from using digital platforms.
Lack of information about data security measures exacerbates these difficulties.
Inadequate mentoring and networking opportunities.
Limited access to professional networks hinders women entrepreneurs from learning and collaborating.
Women in IT and digital face a mentorship gap, limiting access to strategic assistance.
7. Policy and Regulatory Barriers.
Bureaucratic difficulties and complicated rules prevent women from fully adopting digital platforms for
business.
Inconsistent policy support for women-led digital firms is also an issue.
Way forward: To address these problems, we need targeted digital literacy initiatives for women, particularly
in rural regions.
Enhanced access to inexpensive technologies and improved internet infrastructure.
Financial inclusion efforts for female businesses.
Stronger legislative frameworks for cybersecurity and data protection.
Provide inclusive mentorship and networking opportunities to encourage creativity.
By removing these impediments, India can unleash the enormous potential of female entrepreneurs while also
creating a more inclusive and technologically empowered business ecosystem.
Findings/Outcomes: The study shows that initiatives that promote digital literacy, skill development, and
capacity building have a big influence on women's success as entrepreneurs. These programs improve
scalability, market access, and innovation. Targeted interventions are necessary due to ongoing issues with
sociocultural prejudices, financial access, and education.
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS IN INDIA
1. Enhanced Digital Infrastructure for Rural Areas: Invest in expanding high- speed internet
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connectivity in rural and remote regions. Establish digital resource centers to provide access to
technology and training for women entrepreneurs.
2. Targeted Funding Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs: Develop financial products specifically
designed to support women-led businesses, including microloans and grants. Streamline the loan
application process for women entrepreneurs and provide interest subsidies on digital business loans.
3. Collaboration Between Government, Private Sectors, and NGOs: Foster partnerships to deliver
comprehensive skill development programs. Involve private companies and NGOs to promote digital
literacy and mentorship initiatives tailored to women. Support incubators and accelerators focused on
women-led startups.
Conclusion Summary of Key Findings: India has made significant strides in empowering women
entrepreneurs through digital and skill development initiatives. However, persistent challenges such as limited
digital literacy, financial barriers, and inadequate infrastructure continue to impede women's entrepreneurial
growth. Capacity-building strategies, digital literacy programs, and policy support are crucial for fostering an
inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Future Directions for Research and Implementation Explore innovative solutions for expanding digital
access to rural regions Conduct studies on the effectiveness of digital marketing tools for women-led
businesses. Evaluate the impact of mentorship and networking programs on the success owomen
entrepreneurs.
Call to Action for Stakeholders
Government: Enhance policy frameworks and funding schemes to support women entrepreneurs.
Private Sector: Invest in technology-driven solutions and mentorship programs for women.
NGOs: Play a vital role in mobilizing grassroots efforts for digital literacy and entrepreneurial training.
By working collectively, India can unlock the immense potential of women entrepreneurs, driving inclusive
growth and innovation in the digital economy.
CONCLUSIONS
Digital literacy is a game-changer: The study confirms that women entrepreneurs who gain digital skills
experience greater financial independence, better market access, and improved decision-making power.
Mentorship and peer networks matter: Women supported by gender-sensitive mentorship programs are
more likely to sustain and scale enterprises.
Gaps in inclusivity remain: Despite progress, many women (particularly in rural and marginalized
communities) still lack adequate digital access, infrastructure, and financial resources.
Policy alignment with Viksit Bharat 2047: Government initiatives (PMJDY, Stand-Up India, Digital
India) provide a strong foundation, but their effectiveness depends on integrating capacity building with
technology-driven solutions.
Conceptual strength but limited evidence: This research adds theoretical clarity to women’s
empowerment through digital means, yet future validation requires stronger empirical, field-based
evidence.
Contribution to scholarship and policy: The study broadens academic debates on financial inclusion and
gender, while offering practical pathways for building a gender-inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem.
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Suggestions / Recommendations
1. Strengthen Digital Infrastructure: Expand affordable internet connectivity and digital devices in rural
and semi-urban areas to bridge the digital divide.
2. Gender-Responsive Training Modules: Design training programs that address women’s specific
challenges—such as time constraints, mobility restrictions, and literacy gaps—ensuring inclusivity.
3. Institutionalize Mentorship Networks: Create national and regional mentorship platforms connecting
women entrepreneurs with industry experts, policymakers, and successful entrepreneurs.
4. Integrate Capacity Building with Financial Tools: Move beyond credit provision by combining loans
with digital literacy, e-commerce training, and financial management workshops.
5. Encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): Leverage collaborations between government, corporates
(e.g., Amazon Saheli, Google Women Will), and NGOs to scale women-focused digital programs.
6. Cross-Country Learning: Adopt lessons from countries like Kenya (M-Pesa) and Bangladesh (Grameen
Digital Microfinance), where technology-enabled inclusion has significantly empowered women.
7. Intersectional Approach: Tailor interventions considering caste, class, region, and disability, ensuring
no woman is left behind in the digital transformation journey.
8. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Framework: Institutionalize M&E mechanisms for government
programs to continuously refine and improve effectiveness in meeting the 2047 inclusivity vision.
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