{"id":2314,"date":"2018-08-11T12:47:38","date_gmt":"2018-08-11T12:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2314"},"modified":"2018-10-07T10:25:33","modified_gmt":"2018-10-07T10:25:33","slug":"volume-v-issue-viii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-v-issue-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2314\" class=\"elementor elementor-2314 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c93e352 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c93e352\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c93e603\" data-id=\"c93e603\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93e7af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c93e7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relationship for Thrust and Thickness of Stone Pitching Along Side of River<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 01-04<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c93e883 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c93e883\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c93ea78\" data-id=\"c93ea78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93ec14 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c93ec14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">As discharge of flow increases in river, the thickness of stone pitching alongside of bank of river increases. The thickness of stone pitching provided alongside of river obtained from lateral thrust taking mean velocity of flow into account provides more thickness of stone pitching alongside of the river compared to the lateral thrust obtained from mean depth of flow. The equations for lateral thrust taking into account the velocity of flow and depth of flow with thickness of stone pitching provided alongside of the river are derived.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCivil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 (Jharkhand), India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A Caroglu, E.R (1972) \u201cFriction factors is solid material systems \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng, 98(HY 4),681 \u2013 699\r\n[2]. Alam, A.M.Z. and Kennedy J.F (1969)\u201d Friction factors for flow in sand bed channels \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng 95(HY 6), 1973 \u2013 1992\r\n[3]. Ben Chie Yen F. (January 1.2002) \u201cOpen channel flow resistance\u201d Journal of the Hydraulic Engg. Vol 128, No \u2013 1 ASCE, PP,20 \u2013 39\r\n[4]. Bray, D.I. (1979) \u201cEstimating average velocity in gravel bed \u2013 rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng. 105 (HY 9), 1103 \u2013 1122\r\n[5]. Bathurst, J.C., Flow Resistance of Large-Scale Roughness,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. HY12, Paper 14239, Dec., 1978, pp.1587.\r\n[6]. Bathurst, J.C., Li, R-M., and Simsons, D.B., Hydraulics of Mountains Rivers, Report No CER78-79JCB-RML-DBS55, Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., 1979.\r\n[7]. Bathurst, J.C., \u201cFlow Resistance in Boulder-Bed Streams,\u201d 22-28, 1980. University East Anglia\/Institute Hydrology\/Colorado State University International Workshop on Engineering Problems in the Management of Gravel Bed Rivers, held atGregyong, Newtown, Wales, U.K. (Proceedings to be Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.)\r\n[8]. Charlton, F.G., Brown, P.M., and Benson, R.W., \u201cThe Hydraulic Geometry of Some Gravel Rivers in Britain.\u201d Report No. ITI80. Hydraulics Research Station Wallingford, U.K., July 1978.\r\n[9]. Day, T., \u201cThe channel Geometry of Mountain Streams.\u201d Mountains Geomorydlogy Olav Slaymaker and H.J. McPherson, eds, Tantalus Research Ltd., B.C., 1972, pp. 141-149.\r\n[10]. Day, T.T., discussion of \u201cResistance Equation for Alluvial-Channel Flow,\u201d by D.E. Burkham and D.R. Dawdy, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. HY5. Proc. Paper 12896, May, 1977, pp. 582-584.\r\n[11]. Dey S, Raikar R.V. (2007) \u201cCharacteristic of loose rough boundary streams at near threshold\u201d Journal of Hydraulic Engg. ASCE 133(3), 288-304\r\n[12]. Flammer, G.H., Tullis,J. Mason, E.S., \u201cFree Surface Velocity Gradient Flow Past Hemisphere,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No.HY7, Proc Paper 7418, July, 1970, pp.1485-1502.\r\n[13]. Golubtsov, V.V., \u201cHydraulic Resistance and Formula for Computing the Average Flow Velocity of Mountain Rivers,\u201d Soviet Hydrology: Selected Papers, American Geophysical Union, No. 5, 1969, pp. 500-511.\r\n[14]. Griffiths, G.A. (1981) \u201cFlow resistance in course gravel bed rivers \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. An soc. Civ. Eng. 107 (HY \u2013 7), 899 \u2013 918\r\n[15]. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein. H., \u201cMacroturbulent Flow in Steep Open Channels with High Natural Roughness,\u201d Proceedings of the Twelfih Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Fort Collins, Colo., Vol, 1, Sept., 1967, pp, 1-8.\r\n[16]. Herbich, J.B., and Shulits, S., \u201cLarge-Scale Roughness in Open Channel Flow,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 90, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 4105, Nov., 1964, pp, 203-230.\r\n[17]. Hey, R.D., \u201cFlow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. HY4, Proc. Paper 14500, Apr., 1979, pp, 365-379.\r\n[18]. Hey R.D (1979) \u201cFlow resistance in gravel bed rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div Am SOC CIV Eng, 105 ( HY \u2013 4), 365 \u2013 379.\r\n[19]. Johansson, C.E., \u201cOrientation of Pebbles in Running Water,\u201d Geografiska Anneler, Vol. 45, Stockholan, Sweden, 1963, pp,85-112.\r\n[20]. Judd, H.E., and Peterson, D.F.., \u201cHydraulics of Large Bed Element Channels,\u201d Report No. PRWG 17-6, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1969.\r\n[21]. James C. Bathurst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol 107 NOHY-12, pp 1593-1613.\r\n[22]. James C. Batharst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 107 NO HY 12, PP 1593-1613.\r\n[23]. James C. Bathurst (December 1978) \u201c Flow resistance of large-scale roughness \u201cJournal\r\nof the Hydraulic Division Vol 104NO12PP1587-1603\r\n[24]. J. Aberle and G.M. Smart (2003) \u201cThe influence of roughness structures on flow resistance on steep slopes\u201d, Journal of Hydraulic Research Vol 41, Issue 3, Available\r\nonline 01 Feb 2010,259-269\r\n[25]. Kellerhals, R., \u201cRunoff Routing Through Steep Natural Streams,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. HY11, Proc. Paper 7666, Nov., 1970, pp,2201-2217.\r\n[26]. LI, R-M., Simons, D.B., Ward, T.J., and Steele, K.S., \u201cPhase 1 Report: Hydraulic Model Study of Flow Control Structures,\u201d Report No. CER77-78RML-DBS-TJW, KSS15, Department of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., Nov.,1977.\r\n[27]. Lovera, F. and kennedy J.F (1969) \u201cFriction factors for flat \u2013 bed flows in sand channel\u201d J Hydraulic Div, Am. Soc. CivEng 95 (HY 4) 1227 \u2013 1234.\r\n[28]. Miller, J.P., \u201cHigh Mountain Streams: Effects of Geology on Channel Characteristics and Bed Material,\u201d Memoir No. 4, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, N.M., 1958.\r\n[29]. Peterson, D.F., and Mohanty, P.K., \u201cFlume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough Channels,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 86, HY9, Proc. Paper 2653, Nov., 1960, pp,55-76.\r\n[30]. Petryk, S. and shen, H.W (1971) \u201cDirect measurement of shear stream in a flume, \u201cJHydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng. 97(HY \u2013 6), 883 \u2013 887\r\n[31]. Thompson, S.M. and Campbell, P.L. (1979) \u201cHydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders\u201d J. Hydraulics Research, 17(4), 341-354\r\n[32]. Van RiJn, L.C. (1982), \u201cEquivalent roughness of alluvial bed\u201d J Hydraulics Div, Am, SOC.Civ.Eng. 108 (HY10), 1215-1218\r\n[33]. Whiting P.J; and Dietrich W.E. (1990) \u201cBoundary Shear Stress and roughness over mobile alluvial beds\u201d J Hydraulic Engg 116(12), 1495-01511\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8220;Relationship for Thrust and Thickness of Stone Pitching Along Side of River&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.01-04 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/01-04.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/01-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relationship-for-thrust-and-thickness-of-stone-pitching-along-side-of-river\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Relationship for Thrust and Thickness of Stone Pitching Along Side of River<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93fce6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c93fce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c93fde8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c93fde8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c93ff82\" data-id=\"c93ff82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9400b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9400b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Energy and Climate Change \u2013 A Global Challenge<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr D N Naresh and Vaibhav Singh &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 05-08<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94015c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94015c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9402e1\" data-id=\"c9402e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c940407 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c940407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Change in climate is raising alarms towards the usage of Energy globally. It is difficult to comprehend as to the certainty of how technological possibility will play out in the future to provide a balance for the need for survival vis-\u00e0-vis embracing the environmental concerns. Given the attention attained by the need for energy and the impact on environment due to pollution.\r\nIn the coming years developing countries will face great challenges in development and its impact on environment. The path of development chosen by the region, upon which lies the future growth of energy and emission trajectories, would be greatly influenced by technological developments, economic cooperation between countries, and global cooperation in mitigation and adaptation of change in climate.\r\nEnvironment and climate change is one of the most important global challenges, with implications for food production, water supply, health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and global level. This paper addresses these challenges. Historically, the responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions\u2019 increase lies largely with the industrialized world, though the developing countries are likely to be the source of an increasing proportion of future emissions. The projected environmental and climate change under various scenarios is likely to have implications on food production, water supply, coastal settlements, forest ecosystems, health, energy security, etc. The adaptive capacity of communities likely to be impacted by climate change is low in developing countries.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 05-08\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr D N Naresh <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDirector &amp; Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Asians Institute of Technology, Tonk (Rajasthan), India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vaibhav Singh <\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, AIT, Tonk (Rajasthan) India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Shukla, P. R., Rana, A., Garg, A., Kapshe, M. and Nair R., Climate Change Assessment for India: Applications of Asia Pacific Integrated Model (AIM), Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2004\r\n[2]. Garg, A., Ghosh, D. and Shukla, P. R., Energy sector policies and mitigation of GHG emissions from India. In Climate Change Economics and Policy: Indian Perspectives (ed. Toman M.), Resources for the Future Publication, Washington DC, 2003.\r\n[3]. Nair, R., Shukla, P. R., Kapshe, M., Garg, A. and Rana, A., Analysis of long-term energy and carbon emission scenarios for India. In Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2003, vol. 8, pp. 53\u201369.).\r\n[4]. Loske, R., Scope of the Report: Setting the Stage: Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Third Assessment Report of Working Group III to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1996.\r\n[5]. India\u2019s Initial National Communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, 2004.\r\n[6]. Rupa Kumar, K. et al., High-resolution climate change scenarios for India for the 21st century. Curr. Sci., 2005, 90, 334\u2013345.\r\n[7]. Ravindranath, N. H., Joshi, N. V., Sukumar, R. and Saxena, A., Impact of climate change on forests in India. Curr. Sci., 2005, 90, 354\u2013361.\r\n[8]. Indian Vision 2020, SP Gupta Committee Report. Planning Commission, New Delhi, 2002.\r\n[9]. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Summary for Policy Makers and Technical Summary of the Working Group II Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001), Geneva, Switzerland, IPCC.\r\n[10]. Climate Change 2001: Mitigation, Summary for Policy Makers and Technical Summary of the Working Group III Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.\r\n[11]. Falkenmark, Malin, (2007), \u201cGlobal Warming: Water the Main Mediator\u201d, Stockholm Water Front, Vol 2, June 2007, Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm\r\n[12]. Prabhu, Aneesh and Swami Venkataraman, (2007), \u201cGlobal Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth\u201d, Environment, October-November 2007\r\n[13]. Washington Post-ET, (2007), \u201cJournalists should note portray global warming as a morality tale\u201d, Economic Times, 17th August 2007\r\n[14]. WEO, (2006), \u201cWorld Energy Outlook\u201d, International Energy Agency\r\n[15]. Agarwal, J.D. and Aman Agarwal \u201cClimate Change, Energy and Sustainable Development\u201d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr D N Naresh and Vaibhav Singh &#8220;Energy and Climate Change \u2013 A Global Challenge&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.05-08 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/05-08.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/05-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/energy-and-climate-change-a-global-challenge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Energy and Climate Change \u2013 A Global Challenge<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c941971 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c941971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c941a4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c941a4e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c941c23\" data-id=\"c941c23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c941e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c941e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Niosome in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Update Review <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Savita More*, Namita Phalke, Sarika Lokhande, Snehal Badadare, Vijay Raje- August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 09-17<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c941f32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c941f32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9420ed\" data-id=\"c9420ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c942232 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c942232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">With the recent advancement in the field of ocular therapy, drug delivery approaches have been superior to a new concept in terms of nonionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs), that is, the ability to deliver the therapeutic agent to a patient in a staggered profile. However the major drawbacks of the conventional drug delivery system like lacking of permeability through ocular barrier and poor bioavailability of water soluble drugs have been overcome by the emergence of NSVs. Niosomes have the same potential advantages of phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) of being able to accommodate both water soluble and lipid soluble drug molecules control their release and as such serve as versatile drug delivery devices of numerous applications. The drug loaded NSVs (DNSVs) can be fabricated by simple and cost-effective techniques with improved physical stability and enhance bioavailability without blurring the vision. The increasing research interest surrounding this delivery system has widened the areas of pharmaceutics in particular with many more subdisciplines expected to coexist in the near future. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on NSVs considerations, formulation approaches, physicochemical properties, fabrication techniques, and therapeutic significances of NSVs in the field of ocular delivery and also addresses the future development of modified NSVs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 09-17\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Savita More<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Namita Phalke<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sarika Lokhande<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Snehal Badadare<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vijay Raje<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy (D. Pharm), Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Saettone M, Salminen L. Ocular inserts for topical delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1995; 16(1):95-106.\r\n[2]. Arora S, Prashar B, Dhamija H. Niosome: the unique vesicular drug carriers. J Drug Del Ther. 2012; 28(2):96\u2013101.\r\n[3]. Rathore K. In situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system: An overview. Int J Pharm Sci. 2010; 2(4):30-34.\r\n[4]. Gaudana R, Jwala S, Boddu, S, Mitra K. Recent perspectives in ocular drug delivery Pharma. Res. 2009; 26(5):1197\u20131216.\r\n[5]. Gannu P, Rajeshwarrao P. Nonionic surfactant vesicular systems for effective drug delivery an overview. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2011; 1(4):208\u2013219.\r\n[6]. Modi K, Shelat P. Applications of novel vesicular drug delivery system as ocular drug vehicles: a review. IJPRBS. 2012; 12(3):4554\u20134561.\r\n[7]. Vaddavalli P, Garg P, Sharma S, Sangwan S, Rao G, Thomas R. Role of confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of fungal acanthamoeba keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118(4):29\u201335.\r\n[8]. Bruntn L, Lazo J, Parker K. Goodman &amp; Gilman. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics McGraw-Hill Medical publishing Division.2009:1707-1739.\r\n[9]. Kaur IP, Singh M, Kanwar M. Formulation and evaluation of ophthalmic preparations of acetazolamide.Int J Pharm. 2000; 199(2):119-27.\r\n[10]. Sharma S. Diagnosis of infectious diseases of the eye .Eye (Lond). 2012; 26(2): 177\u2013184.\r\n[11]. Thomas P. Current Perspectives on ophthalmic mycoses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003; 16(4): 730\u2013797.\r\n[12]. Kaur I, Rana C, singh H. Development of effective ocular preparations of antifungal agents. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 24(5):481-493.\r\n[13]. Campos M, Diebold Y, Carvalho E, Sanchez A, Jos M. Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: In vitro stability in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity. Pharm Res. 2004; 21(5):803-10\r\n[14]. Budai L, Hajda M, Budai M, Graf P, Baoni S, Noszail B. Gels and liposomes in optimized ocular drug delivery studies on ciprofloxacin formulations. Int J Pharm. 2007; 343(1):34-40.\r\n[15]. Robinson JC.Mitra AK, editors. Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems; Marcel Dekker. New York.,USA.Ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to ocular drug delivery. 1993: 29\u2013 35.\r\n[16]. Li G, Shun H, Shen J. Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanoparticles as a novel ophthalmic delivery system for dexamethasone: Improving preocular retention and ocular bioavailability. Int J Pharm. 2010; 396(1):179\u2013187.\r\n[17]. Watsky M, Jablonski, M., Edelhauser H. Comparison of conjunctival and cornral surface areas in rabbit and human. Curr Eye Res.1988; 7(2): 483-486.\r\n[18]. Azeem A, Anwer, K, Talegaonkar, S. Niosomes in sustained and targeted drug delivery: some recent advances. J Drug Target. 2009; 17(1):671-689.\r\n[19]. Ranjan K, Sahoo N, Guha A, Sahoo N. Nonionic surfactant vesicles in ocular delivery: innovative approaches and perspectives . J Biomed Biotechnol. 2014; 12(3):439-445.\r\n[20]. Bachhav K, Mondon, Y, Kalia, R, Gurny M. Novel micelle formulations to increase cutaneous bioavailability of azole antifungals. J Control Release. 2011; 153(4) 126\u2013132\r\n[21]. Baillie A, Florence A, Hume L, Muirhead G , Rogerson A. The preparation and properties of niosomes-non-ionic surfactant vesicles. J Pharm Pharmacol.1985; 37(12):863\u2013868.\r\n[22]. Lang JC, Roehrs RE, Rodeheavers DP, Missel PJ, Jani R, Chauhan MA. Banker GS, Rhodes CT, editors. Modern Pharmaceutics; Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA. Design and evaluation of ophthalmic pharmaceutical products. 4th edition. 2002:418-481.\r\n[23]. Uchegbu I, Vyas S. Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. Int J Pharm.1998; 172(2):33\u201370.\r\n[24]. Tamhankar M. Niosomes novel drug delivery system.The Eastern Pharmacist.1995; 39(2):84-88.\r\n[25]. Bhaskaran S, Lakshmi K .Comparative evaluation of niosome formulations prepared by different techniques. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2009; 51(5):27\u201330.\r\n[26]. Baillie A, Coombs G, Dillan G, Laurio J. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, niosomes as a delivery system for the anti-leishmanial drug Sodium stibogluconate. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1980; 38(2):502.\r\n[27]. Kiwada H, Niimura H , Fujisaki Y, Yamada S, Kato Y. Application of synthetic alkyl glycoside vesicles as drug carriers preparation and physical properties. Chem Pharm Bull. 1985; 33(3):753\u2013759.\r\n[28]. Frank L, Huang L. Large scale production of cationic liposomes by microfluidization. Int J Pharm. 1996; 144(2) 131\u2013139.\r\n[29]. Blazek-Walsh A, Rhodes D. SEM imaging predicts quality of niosomes from maltodextrin-based proniosomes. Pharm Res.2001; 18(3):656-661.\r\n[30]. Uchegbu I, Vyas S. Non-ionic Surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 1998; 172 (7):33-70.\r\n[31]. Chauhan S, Luorence M. The preparation of polyoxyethylene containing non-ionic surfactant vesicles. J Pharm Pharmacol.1989; 41(4):523-531.\r\n[32]. Blazek-welsh I, Rhodes D. Maltodextrin-Based proniosomes. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech.2001; 17 (3):175-179.\r\n[33]. Venkata K, Rreddy R, Sravani K. Factors affecting in formation of niosomes. IAJPR .2014; 4(1): 201-214.\r\n[34]. Yoshida H. Niosomes for oral delivery of peptide drugs. J Control Rel. 1998; 2(3):145-153\r\n[35]. Sternberg B .Niosomes from span surfactants: relations between structure and form. J Pharm Pharmcol.1992:44(5):1044-1047.\r\n[36]. Raja N. Antiinflammatory activity of niosome encapsulated diclofenac sodium with tween -85 in arthitic rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 1994; 26(3):46-48.\r\n[37]. Malhotra M, Jain N. Niosomes as drug carriers. Indian Drugs. 1991; 31(1):8-12.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Savita More*, Namita Phalke, Sarika Lokhande, Snehal Badadare, Vijay Raje&#8221;Niosome in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Update Review &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 09-17 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/09-17.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/09-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/niosome-in-ocular-drug-delivery-an-update-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Niosome in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Update Review <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c943013 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c943013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9430df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9430df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94338b\" data-id=\"c94338b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9434f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9434f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9435ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9435ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c943d56\" data-id=\"c943d56\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c943ef5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c943ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Section Factor with Respect to Surface Roughness<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 18-21<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c943fb7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c943fb7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94414e\" data-id=\"c94414e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9442a7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c9442a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The relationship for section factor AR<sup>2\/3<\/sup> with different roughness coefficient are established and the section factor is determined with respect to the derived equations with respect to maximum mean depth of flow and minimum velocity of flow. We find that the value of section factor is more with respect to maximum depth of flow as compared to minimum depth of flow because section factor depends upon mean depth of flow. As we have more mean depth of flow, it indicates more discharge of flow. Hence, section factor is more but we get less mean depth of flow with respect to minimum velocity of flow.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 18-21\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nCivil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 (Jharkhand), India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A Caroglu, E.R (1972) \u201cFriction factors is solid material systems \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng, 98(HY 4),681 \u2013 699\r\n[2]. Alam, A.M.Z. and Kennedy J.F (1969)\u201d Friction factors for flow in sand bed channels \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng 95(HY 6), 1973 \u2013 1992\r\n[3]. Ben Chie Yen F. (January 1.2002) \u201cOpen channel flow resistance\u201d Journal of the Hydraulic Engg. Vol 128, No \u2013 1 ASCE, PP,20 \u2013 39\r\n[4]. Bray, D.I.(1979) \u201cEstimating average velocity in gravel bed \u2013 rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div.\r\nAm. SOC Civ. Eng. 105 (HY 9), 1103 \u2013 1122\r\n[5]. Bathurst, J.C., Flow Resistance of Large-Scale Roughness,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. HY12, Paper 14239, Dec., 1978, pp.1587.\r\n[6]. Bathurst, J.C., Li, R-M., and Simsons, D.B., Hydraulics of Mountains Rivers, Report No. CER78-79JCB-RML-DBS55, Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., 1979.\r\n[7]. Bathurst, J.C., \u201cFlow Resistance in Boulder-Bed Streams,\u201d 22-28, 1980. University East Anglia\/Institute Hydrology\/Colorado State University International Workshop on Engineering Problems in the Management of Gravel Bed Rivers, held atGregyong, Newtown, Wales, U.K. (Proceedings to be Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.)\r\n[8]. Charlton, F.G., Brown, P.M., and Benson, R.W., \u201cThe Hydraulic Geometry of Some Gravel Rivers in Britain.\u201d Report No. ITI80. Hydraulics Research Station Wallingford, U.K., July 1978.\r\n[9]. Day, T., \u201cThe channel Geometry of Mountain Streams.\u201d Mountains Geomorydlogy Olav Slaymaker and H.J. McPherson, eds, Tantalus Research Ltd., B.C., 1972, pp. 141-149.\r\n[10]. Day, T.T., discussion of \u201cResistance Equation for Alluvial-Channel Flow,\u201d by D.E. Burkham and D.R. Dawdy, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. HY5. Proc. Paper 12896, May, 1977, pp. 582-584.\r\n[11]. Dey S, Raikar R.V. (2007) \u201cCharacteristic of loose rough boundary streams at near threshold\u201d Journal of Hydraulic Engg. ASCE 133(3), 288-304\r\n[12]. Flammer, G.H., Tullis,J. Mason, E.S., \u201cFree Surface Velocity Gradient Flow Past Hemisphere,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No.HY7, Proc Paper 7418, July, 1970, pp.1485-1502.\r\n[13]. Golubtsov, V.V., \u201cHydraulic Resistance and Formula for Computing the Average Flow Velocity of Mountain Rivers,\u201d Soviet Hydrology: Selected Papers, American Geophysical\r\nUnion, No. 5, 1969, pp. 500-511.\r\n[14]. Griffiths, G.A. (1981) \u201cFlow resistance in course gravel bed rivers \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. An soc. Civ. Eng. 107 (HY \u2013 7), 899 \u2013 918\r\n[15]. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein. H., \u201cMacroturbulent Flow in Steep Open Channels with High Natural Roughness,\u201d Proceedings of the Twelfih Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Fort Collins, Colo., Vol, 1, Sept., 1967, pp, 1-8.\r\n[16]. Herbich, J.B., and Shulits, S., \u201cLarge-Scale Roughness in Open Channel Flow,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 90, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 4105, Nov., 1964, pp, 203-230.\r\n[17]. Hey, R.D., \u201cFlow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. HY4, Proc. Paper 14500, Apr., 1979, pp, 365-379.\r\n[18]. Hey R.D (1979) \u201cFlow resistance in gravel bed rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div Am SOC CIV Eng, 105 ( HY \u2013 4), 365 \u2013 379.\r\n[19]. Johansson, C.E., \u201cOrientation of Pebbles in Running Water,\u201dGeografiskaAnneler, Vol. 45, Stockholan, Sweden, 1963, pp,85-112.\r\n[20]. Judd, H.E., and Peterson, D.F.., \u201cHydraulics of Large Bed Element Channels,\u201d Report No. PRWG 17-6, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1969.\r\n[21]. James C. Bathurst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol 107 NOHY-12, pp 1593-1613.\r\n[22]. James C. Batharst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 107 NO HY 12, PP 1593-1613.\r\n[23]. James C. Bathurst (December 1978) \u201cFlow resistance of large-scale roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulic Division Vol 104NO12PP1587-1603\r\n[24]. J. Aberle and G.M. Smart (2003) \u201cThe influence of roughness structures on flow resistance on steep slopes\u201d, Journal of Hydraulic Research Vol 41, Issue 3, Available\r\nonline 01 Feb 2010,259-269\r\n[25]. Kellerhals, R., \u201cRunoff Routing Through Steep Natural Streams,\u201d Journal of the \u2018Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. HY11, Proc. Paper 7666, Nov., 1970, pp,2201-2217.\r\n[26]. LI, R-M., Simons, D.B., Ward, T.J., and Steele, K.S., \u201cPhase 1 Report: Hydraulic Model Study of Flow Control Structures,\u201d Report No. CER77-78RML-DBS-TJW,KSS15, Department of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., Nov., 1977.\r\n[27]. Lovera, F. and kennedy J.F (1969) \u201cFriction factors for flat \u2013 bed flows in sand channel\u201d J Hydraulic Div., Am. Soc. CivEng 95 (HY 4) 1227 \u2013 1234.\r\n[28]. Miller, J.P., \u201cHigh Mountain Streams: Effects of Geology on Channel Characteristics and Bed Material,\u201d Memoir No. 4, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, N.M., 1958.\r\n[29]. Peterson, D.F., and Mohanty, P.K., \u201cFlume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough Channels,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 86, HY9, Proc. Paper 2653, Nov., 1960, pp,55- 76.\r\n[30]. Petryk, S. and shen, H.W (1971) \u201cDirect measurement of shear stream in a flume, \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng. 97(HY \u2013 6), 883 \u2013 887\r\n[31]. Thompson, S.M. and Campbell, P.L. (1979) \u201cHydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders\u201d J. Hydraulics Research, 17(4), 341-354\r\n[32]. Van RiJn, L.C. (1982), \u201cEquivalent roughness of alluvial bed\u201d J Hydraulics Div, Am, SOC.Civ.Eng. 108 (HY10), 1215-1218\r\n[33]. Whiting P.J; and Dietrich W.E. (1990) \u201cBoundary Shear Stress and roughness over mobile alluvial beds\u201d J Hydraulic Engg 116(12), 1495-01511\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8220;Section Factor with Respect to Surface Roughness&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.18-21 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/18-21.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/18-21.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/section-factor-with-respect-to-surface-roughness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section Factor with Respect to Surface Roughness<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94525e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94525e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c945343 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c945343\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9454e1\" data-id=\"c9454e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c945608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c945608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Upgradation of SCADA System at SLDC, Bhopal<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Ishita Verma &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 22-27<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9456ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9456ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c945846\" data-id=\"c945846\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c945986 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c945986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and Programmable Logic Controller are presently the most effective automotive systems used around the world for both establishing communication and monitoring the process along with supervision and recording information at from various data location scattered either at remote or in vicinity plant locations. Recent technological shift had find its suitability in Power plant like, Thermal, Gas, Hydro, Wind, Solar and other electricity generation sources. It is mainly effective in monitoring the electrical parameters (like voltage, current, power factor, Power etc) &amp; controlling any fault occurs in electrical distribution system. This paper attempts to analyze the existing network of Regional LDC, for example WRLDC that are mainly under responsibility of POSCO which is under ownership of PGCIL.\r\nMain &amp; Backup Control Centers WRLDC are located at MPPTCL, GETCO, CSPTCL and GSED along with SCADA Systems at Union territories of Daman Diu (DDED) &amp; Dadra Nagar Haveli (DNHED) and are able to perform all the functions of the Main control Centre except DTS and DDS. The system has been designed for meeting identified expansion requirements of present and future capacity calculated from archived data.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 22-27\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishita Verma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBE-VII Semester, Electronic and Telecommunications Engg Dept, LNCT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Up gradation of Existing SCADA\/EMS Systems at WRLDC and SLDCs of Western Region by PGCIL.\r\n[2]. \u201cPLC SCADA based Distribution Monitoring &amp; Control\u201d by Santosh B.Belekar, Abhijit A. Desai , Megharaj H. Parit, Prof. Anup Dakre at K.J College of Engineering &amp; Management Research published in MJRET (ISSN:2348-6953).\r\n[3]. About SCADA retrieved from https:\/\/inductiveautomation.com\/what-is-scada; accessed on 01st August 2018\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ishita Verma &#8220;Upgradation of SCADA System at SLDC, Bhopal&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.22-27 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/22-27.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/22-27.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/upgradation-of-scada-system-at-sldc-bhopal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Upgradation of SCADA System at SLDC, Bhopal<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c947bb2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c947bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c947c8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c947c8b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c947e29\" data-id=\"c947e29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c947f5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c947f5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c948002 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c948002\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c948181\" data-id=\"c948181\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9482a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9482a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Roughness on Conveyance of Channel<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 28-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c948346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c948346\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9484c6\" data-id=\"c9484c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94860f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c94860f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The effect of surface roughness (i.e. Manning\u2019s roughness coefficient, Darcy Weisbach resistance coefficient) is studied on conveyance or channel carrying capacity of channel. Also the effect of roughness due to size of the roughness material is seen on conveyance on channel. Velocity is much reduced with respect to Darcy Weisbach resistance coefficient as compared to Manning\u2019s roughness coefficient.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 28-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh <\/strong><\/span>\r\nCivil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 (Jharkhand), India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A Caroglu, E.R (1972) \u201cFriction factors is solid material systems \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng, 98(HY 4), 681 \u2013 699\r\n[2]. Alam, A.M.Z. and Kennedy J.F (1969)\u201d Friction factors for flow in sand bed channels \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng 95(HY 6), 1973 \u2013 1992\r\n[3]. Ben Chie Yen F. (January 1.2002) \u201cOpen channel flow resistance\u201d Journal of the Hydraulic Engg. Vol 128, No \u2013 1 ASCE, PP,20 \u2013 39\r\n[4]. Bray, D.I.(1979) \u201cEstimating average velocity in gravel bed \u2013 rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng. 105 (HY 9), 1103 \u2013 1122\r\n[5]. Bathurst, J.C., Flow Resistance of Large-Scale Roughness,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. HY12, Paper 14239, Dec., 1978, pp.1587.\r\n[6]. Bathurst, J.C., Li, R-M., and Simsons, D.B., Hydraulics of Mountains Rivers, Report No. CER78-79JCB-RML-DBS55, Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., 1979.\r\n[7]. Bathurst, J.C., \u201cFlow Resistance in Boulder-Bed Streams,\u201d 22-28, 1980. University East Anglia\/Institute Hydrology\/Colorado State University International Workshop on Engineering Problems in the Management of Gravel Bed Rivers, held at Gregyong, Newtown, Wales, U.K. (Proceedings to be Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.)\r\n[8]. Charlton, F.G., Brown, P.M., and Benson, R.W., \u201cThe Hydraulic Geometry of Some Gravel Rivers in Britain.\u201d Report No. ITI80. Hydraulics Research Station Wallingford, U.K., July 1978.\r\n[9]. Day, T., \u201cThe channel Geometry of Mountain Streams.\u201d Mountains Geomorydlogy Olav Slaymaker and H.J. McPherson, eds, Tantalus Research Ltd., B.C., 1972, pp. 141-149.\r\n[10]. Day, T.T., discussion of \u201cResistance Equation for Alluvial-Channel Flow,\u201d by D.E. Burkham and D.R. Dawdy, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. HY5 .Proc. Paper 12896, May, 1977, pp. 582-584.\r\n[11]. Dey S, Raikar R.V. (2007) \u201cCharacteristic of loose rough boundary streams at near threshold\u201d Journal of Hydraulic Engg. ASCE 133(3), 288-304\r\n[12]. Flammer, G.H., Tullis,J. Mason, E.S., \u201cFree Surface Velocity Gradient Flow Past Hemisphere,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No.HY7, Proc Paper 7418, July, 1970, pp.1485-1502.\r\n[13]. Golubtsov, V.V., \u201cHydraulic Resistance and Formula for Computing the Average Flow Velocity of Mountain Rivers,\u201d Soviet Hydrology: Selected Papers, American Geophysical Union, No. 5, 1969, pp. 500-511.\r\n[14]. Griffiths, G.A. (1981) \u201cFlow resistance in course gravel bed rivers \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. An soc. Civ. Eng. 107 (HY \u2013 7), 899 \u2013 918\r\n[15]. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein. H., \u201cMacroturbulent Flow in Steep Open Channels with High Natural Roughness,\u201d Proceedings of the Twelfih Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Fort Collins, Colo., Vol, 1, Sept., 1967, pp, 1-8.\r\n[16]. Herbich, J.B., and Shulits, S., \u201cLarge-Scale Roughness in Open Channel Flow,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 90, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 4105, Nov., 1964, pp, 203-230.\r\n[17]. Hey, R.D., \u201cFlow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. HY4, Proc. Paper 14500, Apr., 1979, pp, 365-379.\r\n[18]. Hey R.D (1979) \u201cFlow resistance in gravel bed rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div Am SOC CIV Eng, 105 (HY \u2013 4), 365 \u2013 379.\r\n[19]. Johansson, C.E., \u201cOrientation of Pebbles in Running Water,\u201d Geografiska Anneler, Vol. 45, Stockholan, Sweden, 1963, pp,85-112.\r\n[20]. Judd, H.E., and Peterson, D.F.., \u201cHydraulics of Large Bed Element Channels,\u201d Report No. PRWG 17-6, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1969.\r\n[21]. James C. Bathurst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol 107 NOHY-12, pp 1593-1613.\r\n[22]. James C. Batharst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 107 NO HY 12, PP 1593-1613.\r\n[23]. James C. Bathurst (December 1978) \u201c Flow resistance of large-scale roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulic Division Vol 104NO12PP1587-1603\r\n[24]. J. Aberle and G.M. Smart (2003) \u201cThe influence of roughness structures on flow resistance on steep slopes\u201d, Journal of Hydraulic Research Vol 41, Issue 3, Available online 01 Feb 2010,259-269\r\n[25]. Kellerhals, R., \u201cRunoff Routing Through Steep Natural Streams,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. HY11, Proc. Paper 7666, Nov., 1970, pp,2201-2217.\r\n[26]. LI, R-M., Simons, D.B., Ward, T.J., and Steele, K.S., \u201cPhase 1 Report: Hydraulic Model Study of Flow Control Structures,\u201d Report No.CER77-78RML-DBS-TJW, KSS15, Department of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., Nov., 1977.\r\n[27]. Lovera, F. and kennedy J.F (1969) \u201cFriction factors for flat \u2013 bed flows in sand channel\u201d J Hydraulic Div., Am. Soc. CivEng 95 (HY 4) 1227 \u2013 1234.\r\n[28]. Miller, J.P., \u201cHigh Mountain Streams: Effects of Geology on Channel Characteristics and Bed Material,\u201d Memoir No. 4, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, N.M., 1958.\r\n[29]. Peterson, D.F., and Mohanty, P.K., \u201cFlume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough Channels,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 86, HY9, Proc. Paper 2653, Nov., 1960, pp,5576.\r\n[30]. Petryk, S. and shen, H.W (1971) \u201cDirect measurement of shear stream in a flume, \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng. 97(HY \u2013 6), 883 \u2013 887\r\n[31]. Thompson, S.M. and Campbell, P.L. (1979) \u201cHydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders\u201d J. Hydraulics Research, 17(4), 341-354\r\n[32]. Van RiJn, L.C. (1982), \u201cEquivalent roughness of alluvial bed\u201d J Hydraulics Div, Am, SOC.Civ.Eng. 108 (HY10), 1215-1218\r\n[33]. Whiting P.J; and Dietrich W.E. (1990) \u201cBoundary Shear Stress and roughness over mobile alluvial beds\u201d J Hydraulic Engg 116(12), 1495-01511\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8220;Effect of Roughness on Conveyance of Channel&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 28-32 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/28-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/28-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-roughness-on-conveyance-of-channel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Effect of Roughness on Conveyance of Channel<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94958f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94958f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c949661 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c949661\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9497e6\" data-id=\"c9497e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c949914 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c949914\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9499b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9499b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c949b05\" data-id=\"c949b05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c949c0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c949c0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c949d4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c949d4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94a005\" data-id=\"c94a005\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94a160 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94a160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Loss and Delay Multi Server State Dependent Queue with Discouragement, Additional Server and No-Passing<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Pankaj Sharma &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 33-48<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94a20b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94a20b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94a387\" data-id=\"c94a387\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94a4b3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c94a4b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study deals with loss and delay multi-server no passing queueing system with discouragement. To reduce the balking behaviour of the customers in case of long queue, we incorporate additional removable servers. The customers arrive according to Poisson process and departs from the system in the same chronological order in which they join the system, due to nopassing restriction. The service facility consists of s permanent and r additional removable heterogeneous servers. The service times of the customers are exponentially distributed. The departing constraint categorizes customers in two types (i) the customers having zero service time and (ii) the customers having exponentially distributed service time. By stating the state dependent rates, the product type solution for queue size distribution at equilibrium. The analytical formulae for the expected waiting time and the difference between the expected waiting times of both type of customers are also derived. To examine the effect of variation of parameters, the sensitivity analysis is carried out. Numerical results are tabulated and displayed graphically so as to explore the advantage of additional removable servers on the performance metrics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-48\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pankaj Sharma <\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, School of Science, Noida International University, G. B. Nagar, G. Noida, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Haviv, M. and Ritov, Y. (2001): Homogeneous customers renege from invisible queues at random times under deteriorating waiting conditions, queueing systems: theory and applications., Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 495-508.\r\n[2]. Jain, M. (1998): Finite population loss and delay queueing system with nopassing,Opsearch., Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 261-276.\r\n[3]. Jain, M. (2002): M\/M\/m queue with discouragement and additional server, Application and teaching of Mathematic for Engineers and Statisis. (Ed. M. Saleem), Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 123-134.\r\n[4]. Jain, M. and Ghimire, R. P. (1999): M\/M\/m\/K queue with nopassing and additional servers, Journal Of M. A. C. T., Vol. 32, pp. 13-21.\r\n[5]. Makaddis, G. S. and Zaki, S. Si. (1983): The problem of queueing system m\/m\/1 with additional servers for a longer queue, Indian J. Pure. Appl. Math., Vol. 14, No. 37, pp. 345-354.\r\n[6]. Pankaj Sharma(2013): Single unreliable server interdependent loss and delay queueing model with controllable arrival rate under N-policy, Int. J. Science and Research Publication (IJSRP), Vol. 3, Issue 8, pp. 1-13.\r\n[7]. Pankaj Sharma (2014): Transient analysis of loss and delay bulk service markovian queue under n-policy, J. Rajasthan Academy of Physical Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 3.pp. 221-234.\r\n[8]. Pankaj Sharma(2017): Finite population loss and delay queue under no passing restriction and discouragement, Elixir Appl. Math., Vol. 109, pp. 47940-47946.\r\n[9]. Pankaj Sharma(2017): Loss and delay queue with state dependent rates under no passing restriction and discouragement, Int. J. Service Sciences. Vol 6, No. 2, pp. 114-131.\r\n[10]. Pankaj Sharma (2017): transient analysis of interdependent M\/M(a,d,b)\/1 queue with discouragement and controllable arrival rate, Int. J. of Operation Research, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 183-196.\r\n[11]. Shonic, W. A. (1976): A stochastic model for occupancy-related random variables in general acute hospitals, Journal of the American Statistical Association., Vol. 65, pp. 1474-500.\r\n[12]. Washburn, A. (1974): A multi-server queue with nopassing, Oper. Res., Vol. 22, pp. 428-434.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pankaj Sharma &#8220;Loss and Delay Multi Server State Dependent Queue with Discouragement, Additional Server and No-Passing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.33-48 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/33-48.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/33-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/loss-and-delay-multi-server-state-dependent-queue-with-discouragement-additional-server-and-no-passing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loss and Delay Multi Server State Dependent Queue with Discouragement, Additional Server and No-Passing<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94b27d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94b27d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94b407 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94b407\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94b5fe\" data-id=\"c94b5fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94b72a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94b72a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94b7ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94b7ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94b93f\" data-id=\"c94b93f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94ba63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94ba63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Novel Approach of Workflow Scheduling by Semantic Optimization Approach in Cloud Environment<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Varun Jasuja, Divya Saini, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 49-51<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94bb06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94bb06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94bc84\" data-id=\"c94bc84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94bdad elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c94bdad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Workflow scheduling in scientific computing systems is one of the most challenging problems that focuses on satisfying user-defined quality of service requirements while minimizing the workflow execution cost. So, to reduce the cost we use cloud environment. In cloud environment, resources will increase but it\u2019s utilization is another challenge while using cloud environment. In this thesis, to maintain and utilization of the resources on the cloud computing scheduling mechanism is needed. Many algorithms and protocols are used to manage the parallel jobs and resources which are used to enhance the performance of the CPU on the cloud environment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 49-51\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varun Jasuja<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor in CSE, GNIT Mullana, Haryana, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Divya Saini<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, GNIT Mullana, Haryana, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor, SUS Institute of Computer, Tangori, Punjab, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Pandey, Suraj, L. Wu, S. Mayura and R.Buyya, \u201cA particle swarm optimization-based heuristic for scheduling workflow applications in cloud computing environments.\u201d in 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), pp. 400-407, April 20, 2010.\r\n[2]. Chen, Wei-Neng, and Jun Zhang, \u201cAn ant colony optimization approach to a grid workflow scheduling problem with various QoS requirements.\u201d in IEEE Transactions Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 39, no.1 pp. 29-43, Jan. 2009.\r\n[3]. Byun, Eun-Kyu, Y.S Kee, J.S Kim and S.Maeng, \u201cCost optimized provisioning of elastic resources for application workflows.\u201d in ELSEVIERFuture Generation Computer Systems, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1011-1026, Oct. 2011\r\n[4]. Malawski, Maciej, G.Juve, E. Deelman and J. Nabrzyski, \u201cCost-and deadline-constrained provisioning for scientific workflow ensembles in Iaas clouds.\u201d in Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, pp. 22, 2012\r\n[5]. Abrishami, Saeid, Mahmoud Naghibzadeh and Dick HJ Epema,\u201cDeadline-constrained workflow scheduling algorithms for Infrastructure as a Service Clouds.\u201d in ELSEVIERFuture Generation Computer Systems ,vol. 29, no. 1 pp. 158-169, Jan.2013.\r\n[6]. Xu, Meng, Lizhen Cui, H. Wang, and B. Yanbing, \u201cA multiple QoS constrained scheduling strategy of multiple workflows for cloud computing.\u201d inIEEE International SymposiumParallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, pp. 629-634, Aug. 2009.\r\n[7]. Rodriguez Sossa, M., and RajkumarBuyya, \u201cDeadline based Resource Provisioning and Scheduling Algorithm for Scientific Workflows on Clouds.\u201d inIEEETransactionson Cloud Computing, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.222-235, June 2014.\r\n[8]. Netjinda, Nuttapong, B. Sirinaovakul, and T.Achalakul, \u201cCost optimal scheduling in IaaS for dependent workload with particle swarm optimization.\u201d in The Journal of Supercomputing, pp. 1-25, Feb. 2014.\r\n[9]. Bittencourt, Luiz Fernando, and E. Madeira, \u201cHCOC: A Cost Optimization Algorithm for Workflow Scheduling in Hybrid Clouds\u201d in Journal of Internet Services and Applications , vol.2, no. 3, pp 207-227, Dec. 2011\r\n[10]. Verma, Amandeep, and SakshiKaushal. &#8220;Deadline and budget distribution based cost-time optimization workflow scheduling algorithm for cloud.&#8221; IJCA Proceedings on international conference on recent advances and future trends in information technology (iRAFIT 2012). Vol. 4. iRAFIT (7), 2012.\r\n[11]. Choudhary, Anubhav, et al. &#8220;A GSA based hybrid algorithm for bi-objective workflow scheduling in cloud computing.&#8221; Future Generation Computer Systems (2018).\r\n[12]. Vinothina, V., and R. Sridaran. &#8220;An Approach for Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Using ACO.&#8221; Big Data Analytics. Springer, Singapore, 2018. 525-531.\r\n[13]. Rimal, Bhaskar Prasad, and Martin Maier. &#8220;Workflow scheduling in multi-tenant cloud computing environments.&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 28.1 (2017): 290-304.\r\n[14]. Abdullahi, Mohammed, and MdAsriNgadi. &#8220;Symbiotic Organism Search optimization based task scheduling in cloud computing environment.&#8221; Future Generation Computer Systems 56 (2016): 640-650.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Varun Jasuja, Divya Saini, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh &#8220;Novel Approach of Workflow Scheduling by Semantic Optimization Approach in Cloud Environment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.49-51 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/49-51.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/49-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/novel-approach-of-workflow-scheduling-by-semantic-optimization-approach-in-cloud-environment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Novel Approach of Workflow Scheduling by Semantic Optimization Approach in Cloud Environment<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94cd5b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94cd5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94ce2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94ce2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94cf98\" data-id=\"c94cf98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94d0b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94d0b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94d155 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94d155\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94d2ad\" data-id=\"c94d2ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94d3c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94d3c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94d464 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94d464\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94d5cc\" data-id=\"c94d5cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94d6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94d6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Development of M150 Grade Concrete <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>A. Sreenivasulu &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 52-55<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94d785 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94d785\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94d8f8\" data-id=\"c94d8f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94da1a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c94da1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Concrete is easy to work with, versatile, durable, and economical. By taking a few basic precautions, it is also one of the safest building materials known. The use of high strength concrete results in many advantages such as reduction in beam and column sizes and increase in the building height with many stories. High strength concrete is usually considered to be a concrete with 28 days compressive strength of at least 40 MPa. But in recent years, it is defined as the concrete having a minimum 28 days compressive strength of 60 MPa. In many developed countries, the concrete producers arbitrarily having 28 days compressive strength of above 45 MPa when normal weight of aggregate is used. High strength concrete has been widely used in Civil Engineering in recent years. High strength is made possible by reducing porosity, non homogeneity and micro cracks in concrete and the transition zone. It can be achieved by using super plasticizers and supplementary cementing materials such as silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag and natural pozzolana. High strength concrete has a high modulus of elasticity. High performance concrete with a very low permeability ensures long life of structure exposed to such conditions. The durability is not a problem under extreme conditions of exposure. Preliminary experiments have been done on Cement, Fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate. In the present investigation, Silica fume is used as mineral admixture and 920SH is used as chemical admixture. The w\/c ratio for M150 concrete is considered as 0.25. By following the design procedure given by ACI Method, the mix Proportion for M150 grade concrete is derived as 1 : 0.454 : 1.527. The compressive and split tensile strengths are identified for the concrete after exposed to elevated temperature ranging from 50 to 250oC with the exposure duration of 1 to 4 hours.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 52-55\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Sreenivasulu<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Arshad, A. Khan, William, D. Cook and Denis Mitchel, \u201cTensile strength of low, medium and high strength concretes at early ages\u201d, ACI Materials Journal, Sept-Oct 1996, pp. 487-493.\r\n[2]. Eugen Brihwiler and Emmanuel Denarie (2008), \u201cRehabilitation of concrete structures using Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete\u201d, Department of civil Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.\r\n[3]. Faghani Nobari, H., Ejlaly R., \u201cPunching Shear Resistance of High Strength Concrete slabs\u201d, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), Vol.4, No.1 (2003), pp. 55-63.\r\n[4]. Flyod slate, O., Arthur Nilson H., and Salvador Martinez, \u201cMechanical properties of High strength Concrete\u201d, ACI Journal, July-August 1986, pp. 606-613.\r\n[5]. Gupta, S.M., Sehgal, V.K., Kaushik, S.K., \u201cStudy on Shrinkage of High Strength Concrete\u201d, ACI Journal proceedings, 1884, Vol. 81, No.4 pp. 364-411.\r\n[6]. Klaus Holschemacher, Sven Klotz (2003); \u201c Ultra High Strength Concrete under Concentrated Load\u201d, Department of Civil Engineering, HTWK Leipzig.\r\n[7]. Parrot, I.J (1969), \u201cProperties of High Strength Concrete,\u201d Technical Report No. 42.417, Cement and Concrete Association, Wexham Springs.\r\n[8]. S.Nagataki and A.Yonekura (1978), \u201cStudies of the Volume Changes of High Strength Concrete with Superplastizer,\u201d Journal, Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Association Tokyo.\r\n[9]. S.M.Gupta, V.K.Sehgal, S.K.Kaushik (1884); \u201cStudy on Shrinkage of High Strength Concrete\u201d, ACI Journal proceedings Vol. 81, No.4 pp. 364-411.\r\n[10]. Z. Wadud and S. Ahmad (2001); \u201cACI method of concrete mix design- A parametric study\u201d, The Eighth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">A. Sreenivasulu &#8220;Design and Development of M150 Grade Concrete &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 52-55 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/52-55.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/52-55.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-development-of-m150-grade-concrete\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Design and Development of M150 Grade Concrete <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94e93d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c94e93d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94ea08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94ea08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94eb80\" data-id=\"c94eb80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94eca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94eca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94ed4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94ed4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94eea0\" data-id=\"c94eea0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94efe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94efe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94f0a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94f0a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94f217\" data-id=\"c94f217\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94f49d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c94f49d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Test Architecture Optimization for 3-D Stacked ICS with Firm Dies<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Anoy Chowdhury &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 56-58<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c94f5af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c94f5af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c94f74b\" data-id=\"c94f74b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c94f87f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c94f87f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The semiconductor industry is pushing relentlessly for high-performance and low-power chips. Recent advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology have enabled the creation of complete systems with direct stacking and bonding of die-on-die. These system chips are commonly referred to as 3-D stacked ICs (SICs). Through-silicon via (TSV)-based 3-D stacked ICs (SICs) are becoming increasingly important in the semiconductor industry. In this paper, we will try to address test architecture optimization for 3-D stacked ICs implemented using TSVs. We consider the case, namely 3-D SICs with firm die test architectures that are still need to be designed. Here we have to propose the solutions to achieve significant reduction in test length. This will be achieved through proposed test architecture and also to reduce the width of the Test Access Mechanism (TAM) by using serial\/parallel conversion technique. Using TSV technology, 3-D ICs are created by placing multiple device layers together through wafer or die stacking, and these are then connected using vertical TSVs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 56-58\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anoy Chowdhury<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBrainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. V. Iyengar, K. Chakrabarty, and E. J. Marinissen, Test wrapper and test access mechanism co optimization for system-on-chip J. Electron.Testing Theory Application., vol. 18, pp. 213 230, Apr. 2002.\r\n[2]. E. J. Marinissen, S. K. Goel, and M. Lousberg, Wrapper design for embedded core test in Proc. Int. Test Conf., 2000, pp. 911920.\r\n[3]. S. K. Goel and E. J. Marinissen, SoC test architecture design for efficient utilization of test bandwidth ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 399429, 2003.\r\n[4]. E. Larsson, K. Arvidsson, H. Fujiwara, and Z. Peng, Efficient test solutions for core-based designs IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 758775, May 2004.\r\n[5]. Y. Huang, S. M. Reddy, W.-T. Cheng, P. Reuter, N. Mukherjee, C.-C. Tsai, O. Samman, and Y.Zaidan, Optimal core wrapper width selection and SOCs test scheduling based on 3-D bin packing algorithm in Proc. Int. Test Conf. Comput., 2002, pp. 7482.\r\n[6]. Q. Xu and N. Nicolici, Resource-constrained system-on-a-chip test: A survey IEE Proc.: Comput. Digital Tech., vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 6781, Jan. 2005.\r\n[7]. Brandon Noia, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Sandeep Kumar Goel, Erik Jan Marinissen, Jouke Verbree Test-Architecture Optimization and Test Scheduling for TSV-Based 3-D Stacked ICs IEEE Transaction on computer-aided-design of integrated circuits and systems, vol. 30, no. 11, November 2011.\r\n[8]. B. Noia, K. Chakrabarty, and Y. Xie, Test-wrapper optimization for embedded cores in TSV-based 3-D SoCs in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Des, Oct. 2009, pp. 7077.\r\n[9]. X. Wu, Y. Chen, K. Chakrabarty, and Y. Xie, Test-access mechanism optimization for core-based 3-D SoCs Microelectron. J., vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 601615, Oct. 2010.\r\n[10]. L. Jiang, L. Huang, and Q. Xu, Test architecture design and optimization for 3-D SoCs in Proc. Des. Autom. Test Eur., 2009, pp. 220225.\r\n[11]. L. Jiang, Q. Xu, K. Chakrabarty, and T. M. Mak, Layout-driven test architecture design and optimization for 3-D SoCs under pre-bond test pin-count constraint in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput.-Aided Des, Nov. 2009, pp.191196.\r\n[12]. E. J. Marinissen, J. Verbree, and M. Konijnenburg, A structured and scalable test access architecture for TSV-based 3-D stacked ICs in Proc. IEEE VLSI Test Symp., Apr. 2010, pp 269274..\r\n[13]. Book Essentials of Electronic Testing for Digital, Memory and Mixed- Signal VLSI Circuits By Michael L. Bushnell, Vishwani D. Agrawal.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anoy Chowdhury &#8220;Test Architecture Optimization for 3-D Stacked ICS with Firm Dies&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.56-58 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/56-58.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/56-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/test-architecture-optimization-for-3-d-stacked-ics-with-firm-dies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Test Architecture Optimization for 3-D Stacked ICS with Firm Dies<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c950664 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c950664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c950749 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c950749\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c950937\" data-id=\"c950937\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c950b41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c950b41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c950c3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c950c3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c950dad\" data-id=\"c950dad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c950ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c950ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c950f6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c950f6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9510c1\" data-id=\"c9510c1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9511d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9511d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95126f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95126f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9513dd\" data-id=\"c9513dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9514f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9514f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Poverty on Academic Achievement: A Study on the Students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Md. Anamul Haque, Dr. Md. Roshidul Islam &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 59-63<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95158d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95158d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95171c\" data-id=\"c95171c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c951852 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c951852\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigates the perceptions of students of the effects of poverty on academic achievement in Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur. It attempted to investigate what happens to a student\u2019s performance at University when he\/she comes from a poor family background. Data was collected from the students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur area that the researcher had selected. In this study qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Data was collected through questionnaires. The chi square method and the logistic regression are used to find the results of the study. The research findings proved that poverty has negative effects on poor students\u2019 academic achievement. Tuition, scholarship and parent\u2019s education level also affect the students\u2019 academic achievement.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 59-63\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Md. Anamul Haque<\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Student, Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Md. Roshidul Islam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/speech\/2016\/10\/17\/learning-bangladesh-journey-toward-ending-poverty\r\n[2]. &#8220;Bangladesh Continues to Reduce Poverty But at Slower Pace&#8221;. World Bank. The World Bank. Retrieved 11 April 2018.\r\n[3]. Bursac, Z., Gauss, C.H., Williams, D.K. and Hosmer, D.W., 2008. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source code for biology and medicine, 3(1), p.17.\r\n[4]. Engle, P.L. and Black, M.M., 2008. The effect of poverty on child development and educational outcomes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), pp.243-256.\r\n[5]. Hill, N.E. and Taylor, L.C., 2004. Parental school involvement and children&#8217;s academic achievement: Pragmatics and issues. Current directions in psychological science, 13(4), pp.161-164.\r\n[6]. Jeynes, W.H., 2007. The relationship between parental involvement and urban secondary school student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Urban education, 42(1), pp.82-110.\r\n[7]. Lacour, M. and Tissington, L.D., 2011. The effects of poverty on academic achievement. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(7), pp.522-527.\r\n[8]. Rahamneh, K.F.A., 2012. Reasons For The Low Academic Achievement Among The Students Of The Main Stages In Selected Schools In The Province of Al-Balqa. Ozean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), pp.31-40.\r\n[9]. Siqueira, C.M. and Gurgel-Giannetti, J., 2011. Poor school performance: an updated review. Revista da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira, 57(1), pp.78-87.[10]. Burney, V.H. and Beilke, J.R., 2008. The constraints of poverty on high achievement. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 31(3), pp.295-321.\r\n[10]. Moyo, W., 2013. Causes and Effects of Poverty on Academic Achievements of Rural Secondary School Students: Case of Tshazi Secondary School in Insiza District. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(10), pp.2104-2113.\r\n[11]. Chinyoka, K. and Naidu, N., 2013. Uncaging the caged: Exploring the impact of poverty on the academic performance of form three learners in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(3), pp.271-281.\r\n[12]. Capra, T., 2009. Poverty and its impact on education: Today and tomorrow. Thought &amp; Action, p.75.\r\n[13]. Robinson, S., Wiley, S.L., Myhre, L.G., Bondurant, S. and Mamlin, J.J., 1976. Temperature regulation of men following heatstroke. Israel journal of medical sciences, 12(8), pp.786-795.\r\n[14]. Nichols, S.L., Glass, G.V. and Berliner, D.C., 2006. High-stakes testing and student achievement: Does accountability pressure increase student learning?.education policy analysis archives, 14, p.1.\r\n[15]. Deserno, M., Holm, C. and May, S., 2000. Fraction of condensed counterions around a charged rod: Comparison of Poisson\u2212 Boltzmann theory and computer simulations. Macromolecules, 33(1), pp.199-206.\r\n[16]. Denzin, J.T. and Shek, D.T., 2011. Quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study of poverty and adolescent development: separation or integration?. International journal of adolescent medicine and health, 23(2), pp.115-121.\r\n[17]. Beyer, S., 1995. Maternal Employment and Children\u2032 s Academic Achievement: Parenting Styles as Mediating Variable. Developmental Review, 15(2), pp.212-253.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Md. Anamul Haque, Dr. Md. Roshidul Islam &#8220;The Impact of Poverty on Academic Achievement: A Study on the Students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.59-63 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/59-63.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/59-63.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-poverty-on-academic-achievement-a-study-on-the-students-of-begum-rokeya-university-rangpur\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Impact of Poverty on Academic Achievement: A Study on the Students of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95285e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c95285e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c952938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c952938\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c952aaa\" data-id=\"c952aaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c952bef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c952bef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c952c97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c952c97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c952e1b\" data-id=\"c952e1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c952f6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c952f6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review Study of Transmission Line Tower Structure by FEM<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Shubham Kashyap, Prof. Sumit Pahwa &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 64-69<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95301b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95301b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95318f\" data-id=\"c95318f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9532f5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c9532f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Transmission line structures are frequently made out of metal lattice structures, due to their ease of assembly and because of their mild weight, which ends up in enormously small foundations. Transmission line towers, though designed in step with code provisions, might also fail in the course of mandatory trying out required in many nations. The present Study interacts with the investigation of static and dynamic analysis of Electric tower structure. Various literature researches study to analyze research work performed on electric tower structure by using FEM analysis.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 64-69\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shubham Kashyap<\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain, M.P, India.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Sumit Pahwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain, M.P, India..\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Falguni Patel, Unnati Bhagat, Dimple Desai, &#8220;A Review on Buckling Analysis of Lattice Transmission Tower&#8221;, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, Volume 4, Issue 11, 2017, pp.494-498.\r\n[2]. Parashuram Hadimani, Sachin Kulkarni, &#8220;Static and Dynamic Analysis of Trasmission Line Tower&#8221;, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &amp;Technology, Volume-6, Issue-2, 2017.\r\n[3]. J. Vinotha Jenifer, Priya A. Jacob, &#8220;A comparative study on analysis of Telecommunication tower with different member cross section&#8221;, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 1002-1011.\r\n[4]. Harshil Patel, Satyen Ramani, &#8220;Finite Element Analysis of Monopole Tower for Domestic Wind Turbine&#8221;, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Volume 4, Issue 04, 2017.\r\n[5]. Emil Veg, Mladen Regodi\u0107, Aleksandra Joksimovi, &#8220;Development of the Transmission Tower Virtual 3D Model for Structural Analysis in ANSYS\u201d, FME Transactions, VOL. 45, No 2, 2017.\r\n[6]. Zarina Itam, Salmia Beddu, Mohd Kamal, &#8220;Finite Element Analysis of the Maximum Stress at the Joints of the Transmission Tower&#8221;, International Conference on Advances in Renewable Energy and Technologies, 32, 2016.\r\n[7]. Shivam Panwar, Yogesh Kaushik, Anubhav Singh, &#8220;Structural Analysis and Design of Steel Transmission Tower in Wind Zones II and IV- A Comparative Study&#8221;, International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 5, 2016.\r\n[8]. Pasupuleti. Murahari krishna, G.Ganesh Naidu,&#8221;dynamic analysis of electrical transmission tower using Finite element Technique&#8221;, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.4., Issue.5., 2016.\r\n[9]. Raju Varakavi, E.Arunakanthi, &#8220;Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Transmission Line Towers\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Volume 6 Issue No. 7, 2016.\r\n[10]. Lin Wang, Athanasios Kolios, Martinez Luengo, &#8220;Structural optimisation of wind turbine towers 1 based on finite element analysis and genetic algorithm&#8221;, Wind Energy Science Discussions, 2016, doi:10.5194\/wes-2016-41.\r\n[11]. Renju Chandran, Linda Ann Mathew, &#8220;Model and Seismic Analysis of Transmission Tower with I, C and Circular Sections Using Finite Element Analysis&#8221;, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016.\r\n[12]. Chandran R, Mathew, \u201cModel and Seismic Analysis of Transmission Tower with I, C and Circular Sections Using Finite Element Analysis\u201d, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016, pp no-1297-1300.\r\n[13]. Boshra Eltaly, Amen Saka,Kamel Kandil, &#8220;FE Simulation of Transmission Tower&#8221;, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Civil Engineering, 2014, doi:dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/258148.\r\n[14]. Huang, Li-Jeng, Lin, Yi-Jun, &#8220;Free Vibration and Seismic Responses of Power Transmission Tower Using ANSYS and SAP2000&#8243;, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2014.\r\n[15]. Magalhaes Junior, Rios, T. S. Ferreira, \u201cStructural analysis and structural optimization of self-supporting truss towers to support a large Wind turbine&#8221;, international journal of optimization in civil engineering, Vol.4, 2014.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shubham Kashyap, Prof. Sumit Pahwa &#8220;A Review Study of Transmission Line Tower Structure by FEM&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.64-69 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/64-69.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/64-69.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-study-of-transmission-line-tower-structure-by-fem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Review Study of Transmission Line Tower Structure by FEM<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9541bb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9541bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9542a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9542a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95440e\" data-id=\"c95440e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95452d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95452d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9545cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9545cb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95471e\" data-id=\"c95471e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c954836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c954836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c954961 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c954961\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c954b68\" data-id=\"c954b68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c954cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c954cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Transient Heat Transfer through Finite Fins and Various Shapes of Notches : A Review<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Aartee S.Lokhande, Sachin Nimbulkar &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 70-73<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c954d54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c954d54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c954ed1\" data-id=\"c954ed1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c954ff4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c954ff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The present article investigates the analysis of transient heat conduction through fins. Fins are the extended surface used for enhancing the dissipation of heat transfer rate and different geometrical fins are used as per requirement its accessibility depends. Fins are extensively used in heat exchanging device in automobiles radiators, industrial sectors, power plants, newer technology like fuel cells. Earlier Work under steady state conduction had been carried out extensively. Transient heat conduction analysis for fins is being considered for simplifying heat transfer queries. Transient closed form solution had been derived earlier by various researchers. As proper heat dissipation results in saving of power and lesser chances of overheating problems, perforation are made on the fins. Perforated fin improves heat transfer rate collate to solid fin by varying the different parameter like shape of perforation, diameter of perforation and number of perforation. For the purpose of contrast and optimization, notches of different aspect ratio on single plate have also been analyzed. In a lengthwise short array where the single chimney flow pattern is present, the central portion of fin flat becomes futile due to the fact that, the heated air comes in its contact. In the present study, the fins of different geometries are modified by deposing the central fin portion by cutting a triangular, rectangular and un-notch fins. This article presents a performance analysis of thermal characteristics of Transient Heat Transfer for finite fins and various shapes of notches on single plate for that an experimental setup is developing and also shows a comparison between the experimental results and results obtained by using ANSYS software.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 70-73\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Aartee S.Lokhande<\/strong><\/span>\r\nME Thermal, Mechanical Department, G.H.R.I.E.M, Jalgoan, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sachin Nimbulkar<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Mechanical Department, G.H.R.I.E.M, Jalgoan, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Arun Kumar Sao, Dr. Yamuna Banjare, \u201c Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Transient Heat Conduction through Long Fin and Comparison with Exact Fin Theory and Quasi steady. \u201c Certified Journal, volume 4,Issue11, November 2014.\r\n[2] Raseelo j Charis Harley , \u201c Transient heat transfer in longitudinal fins of various profiles with temperature \u2013dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient\u201d volume 77 september 2011.\r\n[3] Dr.Rahul Salhotra and Harbans Singh Ber,&#8221; Exact Solution for Transient Heat Conduction through Long Fin&#8221; International Journal of Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Issn2278-361X Volume 4, Number 1(2013).\r\n[4] Majtaba Mokhtari, M. Barzegar Gerdroobary, Rezvan Yeganesh, K Fallah, &#8220;Numerical study of mixed convection heat transfer of various fin arrangement in horizontal channel&#8221; Engineering science and technology, an International Journal. 24 december 2016.\r\n[5] Esmail M.A.Mokhimer, Heat transfer from extended surface subject to variable heat transfer coefficient. Heat and mass transfer january 2003.\r\n[6] M.Shaukat ali, M. Altamush Siddiqui, &#8220;Effect of variable heat transfer coefficient on the performance of the different profile fins&#8221; International conference on Thermal engineering. 24 January 2004.\r\n[7] A.Moradi, H. Ahmadikia, &#8220;Analytical Solution For Different Profiles of Fin With Temperature -Dependent Thermal Conductivity&#8221; Mathematical problems in engineering Volume 2010, Article ID 568263.\r\n[8] Raseelo J. Moitsheki and Atish Rowjee,&#8221; Steady Heat Transfer Through a Two- Dimensional Rectangular Straight Fin&#8221;. Mathamatical problems in engineering Volume 2011, Article ID 826819.\r\n[9] Sanjeev D. Suryawanshi, Narayan K. Sane, &#8220;Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Horizontal Rectangular Inverted Notched Fin Arrays&#8221;. Trans of the ASME , Vol. 131 ,August 2009\r\n[10] Effect of Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical Fin Body By Varying Its Geometry and Material ISSN 2349-2163 Volume 1 Issue 8 September 2014.\r\n[11] S. M. Ramnani, S.Y. Bhosale &#8220;Optimization of Heat Transfer Rate by Forced Convection Process on Perforated Fin&#8221;. ISSN 4678-4156 Volume 1 Issue 3 November 2013.\r\n[12] B.N.Niroop kumar gowd, Ramatulasi [12] they calculate heat transfer rate of cylinder fin body by varying geometry and material. Volume 3,No.4, October 2014.\r\n[13] Kavita H. Dhanawade1, Vivek K. Sunnapwar and Hanamant S. Dhanawade, &#8220;Thermal Analysis of Square and Circular Perforated Fin Arrays by Forced Convection\u201d, volume1 Issue 2 October 14.\r\n[14] S M.Wange, R.M.Metkar,\u201c Computational Analysis of Inverted Notched Fin Array Dissipating Heat by Natural Convection \u201d, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 11, May 2013.\r\n[15] Shivdas S. Kharche, Hemant S. Farkade,\u201d Heat Transfer Analysis through Fin Array by Using Natural Convection&#8221;, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN 2250-2459, Vol 2, Issue 4, April 2012.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aartee S.Lokhande, Sachin Nimbulkar &#8220;Performance Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Transient Heat Transfer through Finite Fins and Various Shapes of Notches : A Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 70-73 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/70-73.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/70-73.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-analysis-of-thermal-characteristics-of-transient-heat-transfer-through-finite-fins-and-various-shapes-of-notches-a-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Performance Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Transient Heat Transfer through Finite Fins and Various Shapes of Notches : A Review<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c955ec9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c955ec9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c955fc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c955fc3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c956143\" data-id=\"c956143\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c956268 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c956268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c956309 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c956309\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95645d\" data-id=\"c95645d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c956567 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c956567\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95660b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95660b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c956750\" data-id=\"c956750\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c956866 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c956866\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c956900 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c956900\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c956a66\" data-id=\"c956a66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c956b71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c956b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems Using Flower Pollination Algorithm<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>K. Prabha Rani, U. P. Kumar Chaturvedula &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 74-79<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c956c14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c956c14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c956d7a\" data-id=\"c956d7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c956e9c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c956e9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Optimal capacitor placement is carried out in distribution systems for active power loss reduction and improving voltage profile. In this paper, Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is be implemented for optimal allocations and sizing of capacitors in various distribution systems. First the candidate buses for installing capacitors will be suggested using Power Loss Index (PLI). Then the FPA is employed to deduce the size of capacitors and their locations from the selected buses. The objective function is designed to reduce the total cost and consequently to increase the net saving per year. The proposed algorithm will be tested on 15, 69 and 85 bus radial distribution systems. The voltage profile and reduction in active power loss are observed on the three test systems.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 74-79\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. Prabha Rani<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAditya College of Engineering, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>U. P. Kumar Chaturvedula<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAditya College of Engineering, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A.Y. Abdelaziz a, E.S. Ali b,*, S.M. Abd Elazim \u201cOptimal sizing and locations of capacitors in radial distribution systems via flower pollination optimization algorithm and power loss index\u201d, Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 19, 2016, Pp. 610-618.\r\n[2]. X.S. Yang, \u201cFlower pollination algorithm for global optimization, in Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation\u201d, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7445, 2012, pp. 240\u2013249.\r\n[3]. S.Joya Isac, K.Suresh Kumar, P. Vijaya Kumar, \u201cOptimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System to minimize the loss using Fuzzy Logic Control\u201d, IEEE International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), 2013 28-29th March 2013, Chennai, India.\r\n[4]. Avadhanam Kartikeya Sarma, \u201cOptimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm\u201d Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, Vol 2, No 4, 2011\r\n[5]. K. Muthukumar, S. Jayalalitha, M. Ramasamy, C. Haricharan, \u201cOptimal shunt capacitor allocation and sizing using harmony search algorithm for power loss minimization in radial distribution networks\u201d, International Journal of Developmental Research Vol. 4, Issue. 3, 2014, Pp. 537\u2013545.\r\n[6]. A. Y. Abdelazizl, M. A. EI-Sharkawyl, M. A. Attial and Y. G. Hegazy \u201cA Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of FACTS to enhance power system performance with wind penetration\u201d, Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing Vol. 7677, pp 548-557\r\n[7]. Almoataz Y. Abdelaziza &amp; Ehab S. Alibca \u201cStatic VAR Compensator Damping Controller Design Based on Flower Pollination Algorithm for a Multimachine Power System\u201d, Energy 101:506-518 \u2022 April 2016\r\n[8]. P.V. Prasad, S. Sivanagaraju, N. Sreenivasulu, A fuzzy genetic algorithm for optimal capacitor placement in radial distribution systems, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. Vol. 2, Issue.3, 2007, Pp. 28\u201332.\r\n[9]. H.D. Chiang, J.C. Wang, O. Cockings, H.D. Shin, \u201cOptimal capacitor placements in distribution systems: part 1: A new formulation and the overall problem\u201d, IEEE Transactions in Power Delivery, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, 1990, Pp. 634\u2013642.\r\n[10]. D. Das, H.S. Nagi, D.P. Kothari, \u201cNovel method for solving radial distribution networks\u201d, IEE Proc. Generation Transm. Distribution, Vol. 141, Issue. 4, 1994, 291\u2013298.\r\n[11]. Ahmed R, Abul Wafa, \u201cA Network Topology based Load Flow for Radial Distribution Networks with Composite and Exponential Load, Electric Power Systems Research\u201d, Vol. 91, 2012, Pp. 37-43\r\n[12]. Jen-Hao Teng, \u201cA Network- Topology based Three-Phase Load flow for Distribution systems\u201d, Vol.24, No.4, 2000, Pp. 259-264.\r\n[13]. D. Das, D.P. Kothari, A Kalam \u201cSimple and effcient method for load flow Solution of radial distribution networks\u201d., Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Butterworth, Heinmann Publications, Vol 17, No.5, pp335 \u2013 346,1995.\r\n[14]. Shirmohammadi D., H.W. Hong, A. Semlyen, and G.X. Luo 1988, \u201c A compensation based power flow method for weakly meshed distribution and transmission netowkrs. IEEE Trnaas. On Power Systems, Vol 3, pp 753-762.\r\n[15]. W. H. Kersting and D. L. Mendive, \u201cAn application of ladder network theory to the solution of three phase radial load flow problem\u201d, Proceedings of IEEE PES Winter meeting, New York, January 1976, pp. A76 0448.\r\n[16]. S. K. Goswami, S. K. Basu: \u2019Direct solution of distribution systems\u2019, IEE Transactions on Generation, Transmission &amp; Distribution, Vol. 138, No. 1, 1991, pp. 78-88.\r\n[17]. S. Ghosh and D. Das: \u2019Method for load flow solution of radial distribution networks\u2019, IEE Proceedings Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 146, No.6, November 1999, pp. 641-648.\r\n[18]. S. K. Goswami, S. K. Basu, \u201cAn approach for load flow solution of meshed distribution networks\u2019, IE Journal-EL, pp. 66-70.\r\n[19]. Gowthami Kunche, K. V. S. Ramachandra Murthy , \u201cLoad Flow Solution for Radial Networks with Composite and Exponential Loads\u201d International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 6, Issue 12, December 2017 pp 8899-8908.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">K. Prabha Rani, U. P. Kumar Chaturvedula &#8220;Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems Using Flower Pollination Algorithm&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.74-79 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/74-79.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/74-79.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/optimal-capacitor-placement-in-radial-distribution-systems-using-flower-pollination-algorithm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems Using Flower Pollination Algorithm<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c957e08 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c957e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c957ee9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c957ee9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95805b\" data-id=\"c95805b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c958180 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c958180\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c958224 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c958224\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95837a\" data-id=\"c95837a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c958485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c958485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c958527 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c958527\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c958680\" data-id=\"c958680\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95880a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95880a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Static and Dynamic Analysis of Electric Tower Structure by FEM<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Shubham Kashyap, Prof. Sumit Pahwa &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 80-85<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c958939 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c958939\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c958b42\" data-id=\"c958b42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c958cb1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c958cb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The present Study interacts with the investigation of static and dynamic analysis of Electric tower structure. The analysis and modeling of tower is executed the use of FE based ANSYS software program. The model is created in Solidwork and then imported to ANSYS workbench. The loads acting at the tower considered are dead load, live load and dynamic masses (Seismic and wind). The current tower has height of 40m and X type bracing used in designing of tower structure. Static and dynamic analysis is executed in element using FE based ANSYS software program. Static, modal, reaction spectrum and wind analysis is executed. Wind region taken into consideration is region III. The wind strain relies upon at the gust reaction factor, which increases with height. The conduct of current tower is analyzed for one-of-a-kind analysis. The most deformation, combined stresses, natural frequencies and direct pressure are acquired and plotted graphically.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 80-85\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shubham Kashyap<\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering. Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain, M.P, India.\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Sumit Pahwa<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain, M.P, India.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Falguni Patel, Unnati Bhagat, Dimple Desai, &#8220;A Review on Buckling Analysis of Lattice Transmission Tower&#8221;, International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, Volume 4, Issue 11, 2017, pp.494-498.\r\n[2]. ParashuramHadimani, Sachin Kulkarni, &#8220;Static and Dynamic Analysis of Trasmission Line Tower&#8221;, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &amp;Technology, Volume-6, Issue-2, 2017.\r\n[3]. J. Vinotha Jenifer, Priya A. Jacob, &#8220;A comparative study on analysis of Telecommunication tower with different member cross section&#8221;, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 1002-1011.\r\n[4]. Harshil Patel, SatyenRamani, &#8220;Finite Element Analysis of Monopole Tower for Domestic Wind Turbine&#8221;, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Volume 4, Issue 04, 2017.\r\n[5]. Emil Veg, MladenRegodi\u0107, Aleksandra Joksimovi, &#8220;Development of the Transmission Tower Virtual 3D Model for Structural Analysis in ANSYS\u201d, FME Transactions, VOL. 45, No 2, 2017.\r\n[6]. ZarinaItam, SalmiaBeddu, Mohd Kamal, &#8220;Finite Element Analysis of the Maximum Stress at the Joints of the Transmission Tower&#8221;, International Conference on Advances in Renewable Energy and Technologies, 32, 2016.\r\n[7]. ShivamPanwar, Yogesh Kaushik, Anubhav Singh, &#8220;Structural Analysis and Design of Steel Transmission Tower in Wind Zones II and IV- A Comparative Study&#8221;, International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, Volume 4, Issue 5, 2016.\r\n[8]. Pasupuleti. Muraharikrishna, G.GaneshNaidu,&#8221;dynamic analysis of electrical transmission tower usingFinite element Technique&#8221;, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.4., Issue.5., 2016.\r\n[9]. Raju Varakavi, E.Arunakanthi, &#8220;Dynamic Analysis of Electrical Transmission Line Towers\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Volume 6 Issue No. 7, 2016.\r\n[10]. Lin Wang, Athanasios Kolios, Martinez Luengo, &#8220;Structural optimisation of wind turbine towers 1 based on finite element analysis and genetic algorithm&#8221;, Wind Energy Science Discussions, 2016, doi:10.5194\/wes-2016-41.\r\n[11]. BoshraEltaly, Amen Saka,KamelKandil, &#8220;FE Simulation of Transmission Tower&#8221;, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Civil Engineering, 2014, doi:dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/258148.\r\n[12]. Huang, Li-Jeng, Lin, Yi-Jun, &#8220;Free Vibration and Seismic Responses of Power Transmission Tower Using ANSYS and SAP2000&#8243;, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2014.\r\n[13]. Magalhaes Junior, Rios, T. S. Ferreira, \u201cStructural analysis and structural optimization of self-supporting truss towers to support a large Wind turbine&#8221;, international journal of optimization in civil engineering, Vol.4, 2014.\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shubham Kashyap, Prof. Sumit Pahwa &#8220;Static and Dynamic Analysis of Electric Tower Structure by FEM&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.80-85 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/80-85.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/80-85.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/static-and-dynamic-analysis-of-electric-tower-structure-by-fem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Static and Dynamic Analysis of Electric Tower Structure by FEM<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c959a49 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c959a49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c959b42 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c959b42\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c959cc5\" data-id=\"c959cc5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c959ddb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c959ddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Case Study of Communication Systems of Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Ishita Verma &#8211; August 2018 Page No.: 86-89<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c959e94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c959e94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c959ff1\" data-id=\"c959ff1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95a110 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c95a110\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper presents an overview of various aeronautical communication systems and linkage between Primary and Secondary systems. It also describes the purposes, characteristics, and operational facts of both existing and requirements of future aeronautical systems.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishita Verma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nBE-VII Semester, Electronics and Telecommunications Department, LNCT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n[1]. Bhopal Airport, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bhopalairport.com\r\n[2]. Airport Authority of India https:\/\/www.aai.aero\/en\/airports\/bhopal\r\n[3]. Knowledge amassed during interaction and training imparted by AAI officials in CNS.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ishita Verma &#8220;Case Study of Communication Systems of Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.86-89 August 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/86-89.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/86-89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/case-study-of-communication-systems-of-raja-bhoj-airport-bhopal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Case Study of Communication Systems of Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95ae60 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c95ae60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95af3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95af3c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95b0fa\" data-id=\"c95b0fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95b31b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95b31b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201cAn Update Review on Recent Advancements in Multiple Emulsion\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Sarika S. Lokhande, Namita N. Phalke, Vijay N. Raje, Savita S. More &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 90-96<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95b3f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95b3f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95b598\" data-id=\"c95b598\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95b6db elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c95b6db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Emulsions are scatter systems of two immiscible or inadequately miscible liquid phases. Emulsion can be classified as simple oil-in-water (O\/W) or water-in-oil (W\/O) emulsions and multiple water-in oil-in-water (W\/O\/W) or oil-in-water-in-oil (O\/W\/O) emulsions. W\/O\/W emulsions had been used as drug delivery system (DDS).Preparation of mono dispersed multiple emulsion is important in DDS to improve their stability and to make possible control of their properties. This review described five methods to prepare multiple emulsions viz. two-step emulsification method, modified two-step emulsification method, phase inversion method &amp; membrane emulsification. With the progression in techniques for preparation, stabilization and rheological characterization of multiple emulsions, it will be able to provide a new carrier system for drugs, cosmetics and pharmaceutical agents.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 90-96\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sarika S. Lokhande<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy, Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Namita N. Phalke<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy, Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vijay N. Raje<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy, Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Savita S. More<\/strong><\/span>\r\nGES College of Pharmacy, Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Vyas S.P., Khar, R.K, \u201cTargeted &amp; Controlled Drug Delivery- Novel Carrier Systems\u201d, CBS Publishers &amp; Distributors, 1st Edtn. , 2002, 303-30.\r\n[2]. Davis SS, Hadgraft J, Palin KJ, in P. Becher (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology,Marcel Dekker, New York, Vol. 2, 2005, 159.\r\n[3]. Florence AT, Whitehill D, Int. J. Pharm., 1982, 11, 277.\r\n[4]. Florence AT, Whitehill, JD, Colloid Interface Sci., 1981, 79, 243.\r\n[5]. Sinha VR, Kumar A, \u201cMultiple Emulsions: An overview of Formulation, Characterization, Stability &amp; Applications\u201d, Indian J. of Pharm. Sci., 2002, 64(3), 191-199.\r\n[6]. Bhatia N., Pandit S., Agrawal S. and Gupta D. A review on multiple emulsions. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Erudition. 2013; 3(2): 22-30.\r\n[7]. www.slideshare.net\r\n[8]. Prajapati S.B., Bhatt H., Koli A., Dharamsi A. and Shah S.A. An overview of preparation, evaluation and applications of multiple emulsions. International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars. 2013; 2(1): 142-150.\r\n[9]. Vyas S.P. and Khar R.K. Multiple emulsions: Novel carrier systems. CBS Publishers and Distributors. First Edition, 2004; 303-328.\r\n[10]. www.prepardfoods.com\r\n[11]. Rajeshkumar, Murugesan Senthil kumar, Nanjaian Mahadevan. Multiple emulsion: A Review. International Journal of Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research, 2012; 2(1): 9-19\r\n[12]. Davis SS, Hadgraft J, Palin KJ, in P. Becher (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology,\r\n[13]. Marcel Dekker, New York, Vol. 2, 2005, 159.\r\n[14]. Florence AT, Whitehill D, Int. J. Pharm., 1982, 11, 277.\r\n[15]. Florence AT, Whitehill, JD, Colloid Interface Sci., 1981, 79, 243.\r\n[16]. Rajesh Kumar, Murugesan SK, Nanjaian M, \u201cMultiple Emulsion: A Review\u201d, Int. J. of Recent Advanced in Pharm. Research, 2012, 2(1), 9-19.\r\n[17]. Davis SS, Walker IM, \u201cMeasurement of the yield of multiple emulsion droplets by a fluorescent tracer technique\u2019. Int J Pharm. 1983, 17, 203-213\r\n[18]. Khan AY, \u201cPotentials of Liquid Membrane System: An overview\u201d,Pharmainfo.net.2007,5(6).\r\n[19]. M. Akhtar, Q. He, T. Lambourne and L. Lin. A Novel Approach for Making Multiple Emulsions: The Use of Spinning Disc Reactor.\r\n[20]. Shahid Iqbal, Musa Kaleem Baloch, Gulzar Hameed, David Julian McClements. Controlling W\/O\/W multiple emulsion microstructure by osmotic swelling and internal protein gelation. Food Research International, 2013; 1613\u20131620\r\n[21]. Kumar Rajesh, Kumar Murugesan,Mahadevan Nanjaian, \u201cMultiple Emulsions: A Review\u201d, Int. J. Recent Adv. Pharm. Research, January 2012; 2(1): 9-19.\r\n[22]. Jain, N.K., \u201cAdvances in Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery\u201d, CBS Publishers &amp; Distributors, 1st Edtn. , 2001, 381-407.\r\n[23]. Vladisavljevic GT, Williams RA, \u201cRecent developments in manufacturing emulsions and particulate products using membranes\u201d, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2005, 113, 1-20.\r\n[24]. Talegaonkar S, Vyas SP, \u201cInverse targeting of diclofenac sodium to reticuloendothelial systemrich organs by sphere-in-oil-in-water (s\/o\/w) multiple emulsions containing poloxamer\u201d, J Drug Target. 2005, 13(3), 173\u2013178.\r\n[25]. Herbert WJ, Lancet, Multiple emulsions; a new form of mineral-oil antigen adjuvant. Lancet. 1965, 11, 771.\r\n[26]. Verma R, Jaiswal TN, Protection, humoral and cell mediated immune responses in calves immunized with multiple emulsion haemorragic septicaemia vaccine. Vaccine. 1997, 15, 1254-1260.\r\n[27]. Bozkir A, Hayta G. \u201cPreparation and evaluation of multiple emulsions water-in-oil in- water (w\/o\/w) as delivery system for influenza virus antigens\u201d, J Drug target.2004, 12(3), 157-164.\r\n[28]. Omotosho JA, Law TK, Whateley TL, Florence AT, \u201cRelease from multiple W\/O\/W emulsion stabilised by Interfacial complexation\u201d, J Pharm. Pharmacol., 1986,38, 865.\r\n[29]. Yazan Y, Seiller M, Puisieux F. Multiple emulsions. Oll. Chim.Farmaceutico, 1993, 132-187\r\n[30]. Bozkir A, Hayta G, Saka OM, \u201cComparison of biodegradable nanoparticle and multiple emulsion containing influenza virus antigen on the in vivo immune response in rats\u201d, Pharmazie, 2004, 59(9), 723-725.\r\n[31]. Mine Y, Shimizu M, Nakashima T, \u201cPreparation and stabilization of simple and multiple emulsions using a microporous glass membrane\u201d, Colloid Surf. B, 1996, 6, 261.\r\n[32]. Kobayashi I, Lou XF, Mukataka S, Nakajima M, \u201cPreparation of monodisperse water-in-oil in water emulsions using microfluidization and straight-through microchannel emulsification\u201d, J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2005, 82, 65.\r\n[33]. Chiang CW, Fuller GC, Frankenfeld JW, Rhodes CT, \u201cPotential use of liquid membranes for drug overdose treatment: in vitro studies\u201d, J Pharm. Sci.1978, 67, 63-66.\r\n[34]. Vaziri A Warburton B, \u201cSlow release of chloroquine phosphate from taste masked w\/o\/w multiple emulsion\u201d. J Microencap.1994, 11(6), 641\r\n[35]. Garti N, Aserin A. \u201cDouble emulsions stabilized by macromolecular surfactant\u201d. Adv Colloid Interface Sci.1996, 65, 37.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sarika S. Lokhande, Namita N. Phalke, Vijay N. Raje, Savita S. More &#8220;\u201cAn Update Review on Recent Advancements in Multiple Emulsion\u201d&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.90-96 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/90-96.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/90-96.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-update-review-on-recent-advancements-in-multiple-emulsion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u201cAn Update Review on Recent Advancements in Multiple Emulsion\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95c494 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c95c494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95c55e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95c55e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95c791\" data-id=\"c95c791\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95c947 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95c947\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95ca3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95ca3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95cbc2\" data-id=\"c95cbc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95ccd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95ccd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201cEffect of Temperature Stresses in Composite Girder Bridges\u201d <\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Vishnu Sharma, Dr A. K. Dwivedi &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 97-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95cd81 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95cd81\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95cef6\" data-id=\"c95cef6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95d01f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c95d01f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Thermal actions differ from other load types considered during bridge design through being a constraining load. A temperature profile can be divided into a uniform part that affect the bridge with a linear expansion and a non-uniform part that will induce an arch shape of the bridge deck.\r\nThe response of composite bridge structures to environmental temperature effects is a complex transient phenomenon as bridges are subjected to daily repeated cycles of solar heating and cooling and ambient temperatures varying with time.\r\nComposite bridges exposed to environment continuously undergo varying temperatures due to diurnal and seasonal changes in climatic or atmospheric conditions. Temperature distributions in a bridge structure depend upon several environments, meteorological and a bridge parameter. The major environmental parameters influencing the temperature distributions in a bridge structure include intensity of solar radiation, daily range of ambient air temperature humidity, cloud covers, wind speed, turbidity of atmosphere etc.\r\nIn addition to these parameters the temperature variation in bridges is also affected by some other parameters as well which includes geographic location of the bridge as governed by the latitude and altitude, geometrical parameters and materials properties of the bridge cross sections.\r\nDiurnal and seasonal changes in the local climatic conditions cause the rise and fall in the overall temperature of a bridge structure, referred to as effective bridge temperature, and development of temperature differentials across the depth of cross section referred to as thermal gradient or differential temperature. The range of the daily maximum and minimum ambient air temperature usually affects the effective temperature of the bridge while the solar radiation contributes to the thermal gradients in the bridge cross sections.\r\nThe objective of the study were to construct and instrument composite bridge, b) to subject the structure to thermal loading, and c ) to correlate the experimental temperature distributions. It was concluded that theoretical procedure provides a rational method for predicting the thermal behavior of composite-girder bridge structures and can be applied with reasonable confidence when used with realistic temperature, profiles, material properties, and substructure stiffness characteristics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 97-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vishnu Sharma<\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Scholar in Rajasthan Technical University Kota, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr A. K. Dwivedi<\/strong><\/span>\r\nProfessor in Civil Engineering Department, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Dwivedi , A.K. Bhargava , P. Bhandari, N.M.(2004), \u201c Thermal Gradients in Concrete Box Girder Bridges\u201d, The Bridge and Structural Engineer, IABSE, New Delhi Vol 34, No 1, pp 53-72\r\n[2]. AASHTO(1989) , \u201c Guide specifications for Thermal effects in Concrete Bridge Superstructure\u201d, Washington, D.C.\r\n[3]. Bhandari , N.M. and Bhargava , P(2002), \u201c Thermal Studies in Concrete Bridges\u201d Volume on Bridge Engineering. Some Issues of Research Interest, Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India pp 109-130.\r\n[4]. Branco, Fernando A and Mendes, Pedro A(1993), \u201c Thermal Actions for Concrete Bridge Design\u201d, Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 119, No 8,pp. 2313-2331\r\n[5]. British Standard Institution, BS 5400-1978: Part 2: Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges, \u201c Specification for Loads\u201d, London.\r\n[6]. Clark, L.A.(1983), \u201c Concrete Bridge Design to BS 5400\u201d, Construction Press, London, pp 36-38 and 158-170.\r\n[7]. Elbadry, M.M. and Ghali A (1983), \u201c Temperature Variations in Concrete Bridges\u201d, Journal of Structural Division, ASCE Vol 109, No STIO, pp 2355-2374.\r\n[8]. Imbsen, R.A, Vendershaf, D.E, Schamber, R.A and Nutt, R.V(1985), \u201c Thermal Effects in Concrete Bridge Superstructure\u201d, Report No 276, Transportation Research Board(TRB), National Cooperative Highway Research , Washington, D.C.\r\n[9]. Priestly, M.J.N(1978), \u201c Design of Concrete Bridges for Temperature Gradients\u201d, ACI Journal , pp: 209-217\r\n[10]. Flaga (2001) \u201cApplication of Composite Structures in Bridge Engineering. \u201d Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports, Volume 15, Issue 4, pp.57-8\r\n[11]. Mirambell and Agaudo,( 1990) \u201cTemperature and Stress Distributions in Concrete Box Girder Bridges\u201d Journal of structural Engineering Volume 116 Issue-9 September 1990\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vishnu Sharma, Dr A. K. Dwivedi &#8220;\u201cEffect of Temperature Stresses in Composite Girder Bridges\u201d &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 97-101 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/97-101.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/97-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-temperature-stresses-in-composite-girder-bridges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u201cEffect of Temperature Stresses in Composite Girder Bridges\u201d <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95df07 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c95df07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95dfd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95dfd9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95e14d\" data-id=\"c95e14d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95e266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95e266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95e312 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95e312\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95e464\" data-id=\"c95e464\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95e576 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95e576\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95e614 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95e614\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95e778\" data-id=\"c95e778\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95e87f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95e87f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Improving the Service Level with Special Reference to Third Party Logistics Service<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Subhodeep Mukherjee, Manish Mohan Baral &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 102-105<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95e922 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95e922\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95ea92\" data-id=\"c95ea92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95ebb3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c95ebb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Third party logistics (3PL) is a business dynamic of developing significance everywhere throughout the world. In any case, it is at an incredibly starting stage in India, anyway some family unit and multinational associations are attempting to develop themselves in this section.This paper focuses on problems faced by a 3 PL logistics company in its day to day operations and its solutions. It reveals around the major problem faced like 100% delivery is not achieved due to lack of vehicles, lengthy process flow of the materials, greater involvement of human being and lack of automation in the process. So major focus will on improving the some of the factors like how to reduce the waiting duration of the vehicles, process modification for both inbound and outbound logistics which will reduce the loading and unloading duration and in turn delivery time. And also how to reduce the inventory management duration and also duration for picking up the materials for the specified location by modifying the process flow. If all this constraints are improved then 100 % delivery can be achieved. .<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 102-105\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 August 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Subhodeep Mukherjee<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manish Mohan Baral<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Management, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Lieb, R.C. (1992), \u201cThe use of third party logistics services by large American manufacturers\u201d, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 29-42.\r\n[2]. Coyle, J.J., Bardi, E.J., Langley, C.J., 2003. The Management of Business Logistics\u2014A Supply Chain Perspective. South Western Publishing, Mason.\r\n[3]. Razzaque, M.A. and Sheng, C.C. (1998), \u201cOutsourcing of logistics function: a literature survey\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 89- 107.\r\n[4]. Lieb, R.C., Miller, R.A. and Wassenhove, L.N.V. (1993), \u201cThird party logistics services: a comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 35-44.\r\n[5]. Bloomen, D.R.V. and Petrov, I.P. (1994), \u201cLogistics in Bulgaria: Concepts for New market Expansion\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 30-36.\r\n[6]. Cilliers, W.W. and Nagel, P.A.J. (1994), \u201cLogistics trends in South Africa\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 24 No. 7, pp. 4-14.\r\n[7]. Dapiran, P., Lieb, R., Millen, R. and Sohal, A. (1996), \u201cThird party logistics services usage by large Australian firms\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 26 No. 10, pp. 36-45.\r\n[8]. Kim, Jae-II (1996), \u201cLogistics in Korea: current state and future directions\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 26 No. 10, pp. 6-21.\r\n[9]. Millen, R. and Sohal, A. (1996), \u201cCurrent logistics practices in the Asia Pacific region\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 26 No. 10.\r\n[10]. Bhatnagar, R., Sohal, A.S. and Millen, R. (1999), \u201cThird party logistics services: a Singapore perspective\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 29 No. 9, pp. 569-587.\r\n[11]. Goh, M. and Ang, A. (2000), \u201cSome logistics realities in Indochina\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 30 No. 10, pp. 887-911.\r\n[12]. Lieb, R.C., Miller, R.A. and Wassenhove, L.N.V. (1993), \u201cThird party logistics services: a comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 35-44.\r\n[13]. Bask, A.H., 2001. Relationships among TPL providers and members of supply chains\u2014A strategic perspective. Journal of Business &amp; Industrial Marketing 16 (6), 470\u2013486.\r\n[14]. Cooper, J.C. (1993), \u201cLogistics strategies for global businesses\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 12-23.\r\n[15]. Trunick, P.A. (1989), \u201cOutsourcing: a single source for many talents\u201d, Transportation and Distribution, July, pp. 20-23.\r\n[16]. Sahay, B.S., and Mohan, R. (2003), \u201cSupply chain management practices in Indian industry\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 33 No. 7, pp. 582-606.\r\n[17]. Lieb, R.C., Miller, R.A. and Wassenhove, L.N.V. (1993), \u201cThird party logistics services: a comparison of experienced American and European manufacturers\u201d, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 35-44.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Subhodeep Mukherjee, Manish Mohan Baral &#8220;Improving the Service Level with Special Reference to Third Party Logistics Service&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.102-105 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/102-105.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/102-105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/improving-the-service-level-with-special-reference-to-third-party-logistics-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Improving the Service Level with Special Reference to Third Party Logistics Service<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95fb2f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c95fb2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95fc03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95fc03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95fe14\" data-id=\"c95fe14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95ff47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c95ff47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c95ffef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c95ffef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c960169\" data-id=\"c960169\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c960282 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c960282\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance Analysis of Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger with Ribs<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Manish Kumar Singh, Pushpendra Kumar Jain &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 106-109<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c960322 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c960322\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c96049f\" data-id=\"c96049f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9605d4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c9605d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Present study includes the performance analysis of triple concentric tube heat exchanger with ribs using ANSYS Fluent 15. Water is used as working fluid. The inner most tube provides passage for the flow of water at room temperature. The intermediate tube encloses the innermost tube and also provides passage for hot water. The outermost tube encloses both the tubes and also provides passage for cold water. This arrangement is called N-H-C arrangement and the flow of all fluid is co-current. The intermediate tube consists of ribs having length of 4 mm and 8 mm and a width of 1 mm. The results are presented in the form of temperature at the inlet and outlet of tube and also the effectiveness of heat exchanger with and without ribs are shown. The result obtained is better with 8 mm rib.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 106-109\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manish Kumar Singh<\/strong><\/span>\r\nM. Tech Thermal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIRT Bhopal, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pushpendra Kumar Jain<\/strong><\/span>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SIRT Bhopal, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] G.A.Quadir, N. J. Salman Ahmed, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, (2013), Experimental investigation of the performance of a triple concentric pipe heat exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 62, 2014, 562-566.\r\n[2] M.Sahoo, V.M. Behera, S.N.Das, H.C.Das, (2016) \u201cExperimental investigation and performance analysis of triple concentric helical tube heat exchanger\u201d International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) Vol 8 No 5 Oct-Nov 2016.\r\n[3] Dilpak Saurabh P., Harshal Khond and Mandar M. Lele , (2016) CFD Analysis of a Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger having water flowing at three different temperatures INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-4 (March 2016)\r\n[4] Pravin M. Linge, B. Korane, V. N. Kapatkar (2016) Performance Study of Triple Concentric Pipe Heat Exchanger , International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue Page 629-634, June 2016\r\n[5] Mr. Ganesh V. Wafelkar , Dr. L. V. Kamble \u201cExperimental performance analysis of triple tube heat exchanger with dimple tubing \u201d INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-5 (June 2016)\r\n[6] Tejas M. Ghiwala, Dr. V. K. Matawala, (2014), Sizing of triple concentric pipe heat exchanger, International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 02, 1683-1692\r\n[7] D.P.Sekulic, R.K.Shah, \u201cThermal design theory of three fluid heat exchangers\u201d, Advances in Heat Transfer, 1995, 26, 219-328.\r\n[8] G.A.Quadir, N.J.Salman Ahmed, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, (2014) Numerical investigation of the performance of a triple concentric pipe heat exchanger\r\n[9] Ahmet Unal, \u201cTheoretical analysis of triple concentric-tube heat exchanger Part-1 Mathematical modeling\u201d, International Communication Heat Mass Transfer, 1998, 25, 949-958.\r\n[10] Ahmet Unal, \u201cTheoretical analysis of triple concentric-tube heat exchanger Part-2 Case studies\u201d, International Communication Heat Mass Transfer, 2001, 28, 243-256.\r\n[11] M. Suresh , Bhaarath Ramesh and S. P. Anand (2017) \u201cHeat Transfer Enhancement Studies in a Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger\u201d Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN: 0974-2115\r\n[12] Shekhar S. Babar, Kiran D. Devade (2015), Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe in Pipe Heat Exchanger with Swirling Flow: Review, International Journal for Scientific Research &amp; Development, Vol.3, 3, 990-995.\r\n[13] Ediz Batmaz, K.P.Sandeep, \u201cCalculation of overall heat transfer coefficients in a triple tube heat exchangers\u201d, Heat Mass Transfer, 2005, 41, 271-279\r\n[14] O. Garcia-valladares ,\u201cNumerical simulation of triple concentric pipe heat exchangers\u201d, International Journal of Thermal sciences, 2004, 43, 979-991\r\n[15] P. Nema, A.K. Datta, Improved milk fouling simulation in a helical triple tube heat exchanger, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 49 (Sep 2006) 3360\u20133370.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Manish Kumar Singh, Pushpendra Kumar Jain &#8220;Performance Analysis of Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger with Ribs&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.106-109 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/106-109.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/106-109.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-analysis-of-triple-concentric-tube-heat-exchanger-with-ribs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Performance Analysis of Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger with Ribs<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9614dd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9614dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9615b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9615b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c961746\" data-id=\"c961746\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c961883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c961883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study of Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Urban Cooperative Banks in Pune City<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Rohit Madhukar Panhale &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 110-115<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c96194f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c96194f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c961ae5\" data-id=\"c961ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c961c25 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c961c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION<\/p>\r\nThe performance of an organisation depends on the level of satisfaction of its employees .A job not only provides a status to the employee but also binds him to the organisation. The concept of job satisfaction is quite significant in the context of employee morale. A person having high level of job satisfaction tends to have positive attitude towards his job and also enjoys life satisfaction. In order to increase efficiency and productivity of the organisation, positive attitude and job satisfaction of the employee is necessary. However employees as human beings are very complex and dynamic in nature, subject to a wide variety of physical, psychological and sociological needs along with their survival needs. Hence leading organisations prefer to conduct job satisfaction surveys frequently and try to maintain higher level of job satisfaction of their employees.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 110-115\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rohit Madhukar Panhale<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPacific Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Hoppock R [1935] &#8230;.\u2019\u2019Job Satisfaction \u2018\u2019 ,New York,Harper.\r\n[2]. Hoppock R and Spiegler s [1938] \u2018\u2019Job Satisfaction Operations ;The Vocational Guidance Journal \u2013vol.16 ,No.7 ,pp\u2014636\u2014643 .\r\n[3]. Herzberg F ,Mausner B ,Snyderman B B [1959] \u2018The Motivation to work\u2019\u2019New York,Wiley .\r\n[4]. Loche E A [1976] The nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction \u2018\u2019 in Dunnette M D [ED] Hand book of Industrial and Organisational Psychology\u2019\u2019Rand \u2013M C Nally ,Chicago ,2 ,pp 1297\u20141349.\r\n[5]. Lawler E E [1977] \u2018\u2019Job and Work Satisfaction \u2018\u2019in W C Hammer and F L Schmidt [Eds ]\u2019\u2019Contemporary problems in personnel\u2019\u2019 Chicago ,st. Clair press.\r\n[6]. Robbins S P [1998] \u2018\u2019Organisational Behaviour \u2018\u2019 Singapore, Prentic\u2014Hall Siman and Sehnster [Asia]\r\n[7]. Mamoria C B [2007] \u2018\u2019Personal Management , text and cases \u2018\u2019 Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.\r\n[8]. Kanungo R N [1982] Measurement of job and work involvement\u2019\u2019 in \u2018Journal of Applied Psychlogy vol.67 ,No.3 ,pp .341\u2014349 .\r\n[9]. Jomssen P P M ,De Jonge , Jan and Bakker ,Arnold B .[1999] \u2018\u2019Specific Determinants of Intrinsic work motivation ,Burnout and Turnover Intentions; A study among Nurses\u2019\u2019 in Journal of A study among Nurses\u2019\u2019 in Journal of Advance Nursing \u2018\u2019vol.29 ,No .6 ,pp .1360&#8212;69 .\r\n[10]. Weiss D J ,Dawis ,Rene v ,George W and Lofquist ,L I O Y D H [1967] ; Manual for the Minne sota satisfaction Questionnaire\u2019\u2019 Minnesota studies on vocational Rehabitation ,vol. 22,Minnesota University .\r\n[11]. Ramu N [2014] \u2018\u2019Rationale for the study of Urban Co-operative Banks in India \u2018\u2019 in QUEBEC International Summit of cooperatives, p .387.\r\n[12]. Borah s [2012] \u2018\u2019Employee Job Satisfaction&#8230;. A case study on the pipeline Department of oil India Ltd .\u2019\u2019in Prabandhan ..Indian Journal of Management \u2018\u2019 vol . 5, No .9, pp.32&#8212;36.\r\n[13]. Mangione T and Quinn R [1975] &#8230;.Job Satisfaction counter productive behaviour and Drug use at work \u2018\u2019in Journal of Applied Psychology ,vol .60 ,pp .114&#8212;116 .\r\n[14]. Sinha D and Singh P [1961] &#8230;.\u2019\u2019Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism \u2018\u2019in Indian Journal of social work\u2019\u2019 vol.21 ,No .4 ,pp .337&#8212;343 .\r\n[15]. Dayal I and Saiyadain M S [1970] \u2018\u2019Cross cultural validation of Motivation &#8212;hygiene Theory \u2018\u2019 in Indian Journal of Industrial Relations \u2018\u2019 vol .6, pp.171&#8212;183.\r\n[16]. Lahiri D K and Chowdury P K [1966]&#8230;. \u2018\u2019Perceived importance of job factors by technical and non\u2014technical employees \u2018\u2019 in Personal Psychology \u2018\u2019vol .19 ,pp .287\u2014296 .\r\n[17]. Savalapurkar M P ,Dusad C P and Khare D V [1968] &#8230;.\u2019\u2019Job motivation of middle managers\u2019\u2019 in Indian Journal of Applied Psychology \u2018\u2019 vol .5, pp .7&#8212;10.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rohit Madhukar Panhale &#8220;A Study of Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Urban Cooperative Banks in Pune City&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.110-115 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/110-115.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/110-115.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-of-job-satisfaction-among-the-employees-of-urban-cooperative-banks-in-pune-city\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>A Study of Job Satisfaction among the Employees of Urban Cooperative Banks in Pune City<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c962aaa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c962aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c962b86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c962b86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c962d06\" data-id=\"c962d06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c962e23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c962e23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c962ec3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c962ec3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c963040\" data-id=\"c963040\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c96315f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c96315f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Problems and Prospects of Indian IT Industry<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Rohit Madhukar Panhale &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 116-119<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9631fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9631fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c963371\" data-id=\"c963371\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9634a1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c9634a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">I. INTRODUCTION<\/p>\r\nInformation technology [IT] includes those forms of technology which are mainly used for creation, storage, exchange and using of Information in various forms like business data, motion pictures still images, voice conversations, multimedia presentations etc. It fact IT has led to the \u2018\u2019Information Revolution\u2018\u2019, so that 21st century has been characterised by application are advancement in Information technology ; Now IT has become an integral part of our daily life. According to Information technology Association of America, IT is defined as \u2018\u2019the study, design, development\u2014application, implementation, support or management of computer based information systems.\u2019\u2019 Advancement and application of IT has been rapidly progressing resulting in to development of cloud computing ,mobile application, revolution in uses interfaces, analytics etc. Thus it can be said that the influence of IT has been growing continuously and it will contribute significantly towards servicing customers by the business units in a better way.\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 116-119\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rohit Madhukar Panhale<\/strong><\/span>\r\nPacific Academy of Higher Education &amp; Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. Mahato Madhuri (2012): \u201cHR Focus within the Indian Information Technology Industry \u201cin \u2018Prahodhan : Indian Journal of Management : vol 5, No 5, pp.14.\r\n[2]. Subir Roy (2015): \u201cAnother Challenge for Indian IT\u201d in Business Standard, Vol x, No 21, Pune 29 July p 9.\r\n[3]. K Shankar (2017): \u201cJob cuts in IT blown out of proportion \u201cThe Economic Times, Pune Edition July 4,2017 Page 8.\r\n[4]. Chawla M (2014): Indian Hardware market stands at $12.43bn\u201d Economic Times June 25, 2014.\r\n[5]. Heeks R (1996): \u201cIndia\u2019s software industry\u201d sage, New Delhi.\r\n[6]. Reserve Bank of India (2015): Survey of Computer Software and Information Technology Exports 2013-14, RBI Bulleting.\r\n[7]. Malik A and Nilkant V (2015): \u201cContext and Evolution of the Indian Business Models and people \u201cin \u201cManagement in the Indian IT Industry\u201d, A.M Rowley (eds) Rutledge, Abingdon UK, 15-34\r\n[8]. N Chandrashekharan (2017):\u201cIT\u2019s Alive and Kicking \u201cEconomic Times, Pune, Monday 29 May 2017, p12.\r\n[9]. Malcolm Frank (2017): \u201cThe Entire IT workforce can\u2019t be Reskilled \u2013and shouldn\u2019t be\u201d in Economic Times, Pune , Thursday 31 August 2017, P 14.\r\n[10]. Shelley Singh (2015): \u201cBigger, Learner and Faster: Future of IT\u201d, in The Economic Times Pune, Tuesday December 15, p.14.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rohit Madhukar Panhale &#8220;Problems and Prospects of Indian IT Industry&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 116-119 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/116-119.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/116-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/problems-and-prospects-of-indian-it-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Problems and Prospects of Indian IT Industry<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c964232 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c964232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c964794\" data-id=\"c964794\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9648a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9648a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c964943 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c964943\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c964a8d\" data-id=\"c964a8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c964b95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c964b95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c964c36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c964c36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c964d80\" data-id=\"c964d80\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c964e8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c964e8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c964f28 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c964f28\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c96508a\" data-id=\"c96508a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c965193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c965193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Value Added Reading: Panacea for Corruption among Public and Civil Service Employees in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Prof. Abam Arikpo &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 120-128<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c965232 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c965232\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9653a5\" data-id=\"c9653a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9654dc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c9654dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">It is common, today, in Nigeria to have corruption reported of public and civil servants. In fact, one is said to have good public or civil service employment only when there are lapses that allow him dupe the government and the public where he works. Despite measures by the three tiers of government, the practice has persisted. Thus, this paper seeks to advocate and discuss valued added reading as the most probable check.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 120-128\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Abam Arikpo<\/strong><\/span>\r\nDepartment of Curriculum and Teaching, Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Achebe, C. (1960). No longer at ease. New York\r\n[2]. Achebe, C. (1966). A man of the people. New York\r\n[3]. Aderinoye, R. A. (2004). Literary education in Nigeria. Ibadan: Johnmog.\r\n[4]. Aluko, O. (1975). Nigeria and Britain after Gowon. African Affairs 76 (304).\r\n[5]. Arikpo, A. (1999). Corruption, moral rectitude of the Nigerian teacher and Nigerian teacher education programme. Teacher Education 1 (1)114-119.\r\n[6]. Arikpo, P. A. (2004). Self employment seeking behaviour of graduates in Cross River and River States, Nigeria. Unpublished, PhD thesis, Teacher Education Department, University of Ibadan.\r\n[7]. Ayobami, O. O. (2014). Corruption eradication in Nigerian: An appraisal.\r\n[8]. Brick, K. P. (1975). Soldier and oil: The political transformation in Nigeria. ISBN 0714630985.\r\n[9]. Chukwudi, N. (2003). Okadigbo political colossus goes home tribute. This Day News Paper https:\/\/news.biafranigeriaworld.com\/archive\/2003\/dec\/05\/0038.html\r\n[10]. Dake, F. J. (2007). Dake\u2019s annotated reference bible. Georgia: Dake Publishing.\r\n[11]. Davidson, B, Bush, F. K and Ajayi, J. F. A (1769). The growth of African civilization: A History of West African 1000-1800. London: Longmans.\r\n[12]. Denga,D.I.(1997). Education strategies for national integration: A geopolitical prospective. In K. M, O. Etta (Ed) Nigeria ultimate goals: The Journey so far Calabar: Universityof Calabar Press.\r\n[13]. Dougall, J. W. C. (1931). The village teacher\u2019s guide: A book of guidance for African teachers. London: The Sheton Press.\r\n[14]. Duruamahu-Dim, J. C. and Nnamdi, A. (2011). The role of childhood educators in teaching values. Port Harcourt: Radio.\r\n[15]. Eyetsemitan, O. (1995). Education are policies in Nigeria. In V. F. Peretomode (Ed) Sociology of education. Lagos: OOP Press\r\n[16]. Federal Republic of (FRN) (2014). Centenary diary 1914-2014. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Information. http\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2014\/03\/us.freeze-458-mn-stolen-nigeria-dictators abacha\/\/sthah.maoqvQN.dput\r\n[17]. Ihejiamaizu, E. C. &amp; Egbe, B. D. (2001). The sociology of tradition of and modern political administrative systems and some conventional issues in contemporary Nigeria. Owerri. African Scholars.\r\n[18]. Iwe, N. S. S. (1997). Strategies for political transition and stability. In K. M. O. Etta (Ed). Nigeria ultimate goals: The journey so far. Calabar: University of Calabar Press.\r\n[19]. Jerrywright U. (2015). Exclusive: Buhari earned a diploma and not a masters https:\/\/www.naij.com\/358530-exclusive-buhari-earned-a-diploma-and-not-a-masters- in-us-army college.html\r\n[20]. Joint Admissions and Matriculations Board (2005). Guidelines for admission to first degree courses in Nigeria universities and other degree awarding institution. Lagos:\r\n[21]. Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board.\r\n[22]. Juan de Onis (1981). Rice shortage in Nigeria brings changes of corruption. The New York Times, January 18, 1981.\r\n[23]. Kingsley, O. (2005). Goodbye tomorrow: Secret cult activities on campus exposed. Calabar: Tony Peters Ventures.\r\n[24]. Ndebbio, J. E. U. (1997). Strategies for better socio-economic Management. In K. M. O. Etta (Ed) Nigeria ultimate goals\u2019; The Journey so far Calabar Press.\r\n[25]. Nwamuo, C. (1986). The role of philosophy in teacher education. In L. E. Amadi (Ed) Teacher education in Nigeria. Calabar Wusen Press.\r\n[26]. Nweke, G. A. (1981). Inequality and instability in Nigeria. The political economy of neo-colonial development. Nigerian Journal of Development Studies 1 (1) 4-58\r\n[27]. Ogan, S. (2014). The times and seasons of Nigeria\u2019s centenary: Reality check and the way forward. Port Harcourt: Higher Calling Outreach Publication.\r\n[28]. Okoye, S. E. (2014). How to tackle corruption effectively in Nigeria (samokoye@hot mail.com)\r\n[29]. Pallister, D. (2000). Comment and analysis: Pennies from heaven: Many of Nigeria missing millions were laundered through greedy banks in London: The Guardian (London) September 7, 2000.\r\n[30]. Rowlands, G. (2001). Prepare a sermon\/bible study. In R. Mahoney (Ed). The Shepherds Staff. India: World Map.\r\n[31]. Terriday, O. A; Uzoma P. I. and Aransiola, M. (2014). Intercessors without walls prayer conference. Ibadan: Gethsemane World Prayer Center.\r\n[32]. The Globe and Mail (1985). British banks lunched to import swindles. The Globe and Mail (Canada) December 3,1985.\r\n[33]. The Story Report (1979). The Commission of Inquring into the Administration of LagosTown Council.\r\n[34]. Thompson, F. C. (2001). The Thompson chain-reference bible Indiana: B. B. Kirkbridge.\r\n[35]. Tignor, R. L. (1993). Political corruption in Nigeria before independence. Journal of Modern African Studies 31 (2).\r\n[36]. Trident (2004). The new international Webster\u2019s pocket computer dictionary of the English language. U.S.A: Trident Reference Publishing.\r\n[37]. Turner (1976). The Nigerian cement racket, African Guide\r\n[38]. Typhoon International (2004). The new international Webster\u2019s comprehensive dictionary of the English language. Florida: Trident Press.\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Abam Arikpo &#8220;Value Added Reading: Panacea for Corruption among Public and Civil Service Employees in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.120-128 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/120-128.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/120-128.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/value-added-reading-panacea-for-corruption-among-public-and-civil-service-employees-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Value Added Reading: Panacea for Corruption among Public and Civil Service Employees in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9662a7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9662a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c966377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c966377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9664e5\" data-id=\"c9664e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c966603 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c966603\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c96669e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c96669e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c966807\" data-id=\"c966807\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c966917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c966917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Softboard as a Novel Wood Fibre-Based Substrate for Hydroponic Systems &#8211; A Preliminary Study<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>E Sreenivasan &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 129-131<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9669c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9669c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c966b3a\" data-id=\"c966b3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c966c61 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c966c61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Hydroponics or the soilless cultivation is a popular and fast growing sector of agriculture and it has many advantages over soil-based system. It offers opportunities to provide optimal conditions for plant growth and therefore higher yields can be obtained compared to open field cultivation. In the aggregate system of hydroponics, different substrates are currently being used as support to the root system of plants under soilless cultivation. Substrates can be organic such as peat, pine bark, sawdust, rice hulls, etc. They can be petroleum based such as polymeric foams or plastic beads or they can be inorganic mineral based such as sand, gravel, perlite and stone wool. There are reasons for using substrates to support the root system. An effective substrate should possess certain qualities. Still works are underway to find more suitable ones having several advantages over the existing ones.\r\nThe present studies were undertaken with the objective of establishing the suitability of Softboard, a commercial Low Density Fibreboard product, manufactured from locally available hardwood fibres, as a suitable substrate for seed germination and seedling growth of two vegetable crops, Green gram (<i>Phaseolus aureus<\/i>) and Fenugreek(<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum<\/i>). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a novel hydroponic substrate based on hardwood fibres could perform similarly to the existing materials. During this work, the author has compared the results obtained using the softboard with that of two commonly used substrates i.e., coirpith and sawdust. The article has also attempted to highlight all the advantages of this novel growing medium when compared to the known items.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 129-131\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>E Sreenivasan<\/strong><\/span>\r\nR &amp; D Division, The Western India Plywoods Ltd, Baliapatam, Kannur 670010, Kerala, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Books:\r\n[1]. Hussain,A, Iqbal,K, Aziem,S, Mahato,P and A.K. Negi (2014): A Review On The Science Of Growing Crops Without Soil (Soilless Culture)\u2013A Novel Alternative For Growing Crops Int. J. Agri. and Crop Sci.\/7-11\/833-842\r\n[2]. Nesrin Y\u0131ld\u0131z (2008): Diatomite:A New Substrate for Hydroponics International Meeting on Soil Fertility Land Management and Agroclimatology. Turkey, p. 527-536\r\n[3]. Odoemena,C.S(1988):Breaking of seed dormancy in a medicinal plant Tetrapleura tetraptera. J.Tropical Agri. (Cambridge) 111(2), 393-394\r\n[4]. Abdul-Baki A and Anderson,J.D(1973): Vigour determination of soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science 3,630-633\r\n[5]. Rossouw, S.J (2015): A novel organic substrate based on hemp- (Cannabis sativa), or flax (Linum usitatissimum) bast fibre for NFT hydroponic systems. Master of Science thesis submitted to McGill University.\r\n[6]. Ehret, D. L. and Helmer, T(2009) : A new wood fibre substrate for hydroponic tomato and pepper crops. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89:1127-1132\r\n[7]. El Sharkawi, H M, Ahmed,M.A &amp; Hassanein,M.K (2014) Development of Treated Rice Husk as an Alternative Substrate Medium in Cucumber Soilless Culture J. Agri. and Env. Sci. Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 131-149\r\n[8]. Dannehl, D, Suhl, J, Ulrichs, C and Schmidt,U(2015) : Evaluation of substitutes for rock wool as growing substrate for hydroponic tomato production J. Applied Botany and Food Quality 88, 68 &#8211; 77\r\n[9]. Woodard, M.A. Bearce, B.C. Cluskeyl, S and E.C. Townsend (1993): Coal Bottom Ash and Pine Wood Peelings as Root Substrates in a Circulating Nutriculture System. HORTSCIENCE 28(6):636-638\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">E Sreenivasan &#8220;Softboard as a Novel Wood Fibre-Based Substrate for Hydroponic Systems &#8211; A Preliminary Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp.129-131 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/129-131.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/129-131.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/softboard-as-a-novel-wood-fibre-based-substrate-for-hydroponic-systems-a-preliminary-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Softboard as a Novel Wood Fibre-Based Substrate for Hydroponic Systems &#8211; A Preliminary Study<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9679ba elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9679ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c967a7f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c967a7f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c967be3\" data-id=\"c967be3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c967cf2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c967cf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c967d97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c967d97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c967ee9\" data-id=\"c967ee9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c967fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c967fee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c968084 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c968084\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9681e5\" data-id=\"c9681e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9682fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9682fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hepatoprotective Activity of Carica Papaya and Ficus Bengalensis Latex against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<strong>Yogendra Kumar, Girendra Gautam, Pushpesh Kumar Mishra &#8211; August 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 132-136<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c968398 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c968398\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c96851a\" data-id=\"c96851a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c968641 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c968641\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2111\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\">\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Carica Papaya latex and Ficus bangelensis latex against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.\r\nMethod: Paracetamol (3g\/kg.b.w) was used to induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Salymarin (100mg\/kg)was used as a standard drug for present study. Silymarin and Carica Papaya Latex at the dose 400mg\/kg\/b.w. per oral and Ficus bangelenesis latex at dose 300mg\/kg\/b.w. per oral were given for 10 days followed by single administration of Paracetamol 3mg\/Kg b.w. per oral 1hour after Caraca Papaya Latex , Ficus Bengalasis and Silymarin administration for 10 days. On 10 days blood samples were collected from the animals for biochemical analysis and liver were subjected to histopathological examination.\r\nResult and Discussion: The degree of protection was measured by using bio-chemical parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Bilirubin (BRN), Alkaline phosphate (ALP) and total protein. The decreased levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Bilirubin and increased levels of total protein parameters in treated rats were an indication of the hepatoprotective activity of Carica papaya latex and Ficus bengalenesis latex. Silymarin (100 mg\/kg) a well known hepatoprotective drug used for comparision exhibited significant activity (&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The both plants latex were completely prevented the toxic effect of Paracetamol on the above serum parameter. Significant hepatoprotective activity of both plant latex were reported. Carica papaya latex was found to be more protective effect as compare to Ficus bengalenesis latex.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 132-136\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2112\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yogendra Kumar <\/strong><\/span>\r\nResearch Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Girendra Gautam<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pushpesh Kumar Mishra<\/strong><\/span>\r\nFaculty of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Sikar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2113\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Vijay kumar R., Venkat Raji Reddy. G. and Bikshapathi. T. (2014), Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Erythroxylum monogynum in Albino rats, International Journal of pure and a:lied bioscience, 2(3) :58-62.\r\n[2]. Joydeep Paul, Mohammad Nasiruddin, rahat Ali Khan (2016), protective role of Nigella sativa Oil in Isonizid induced hepatotoxicity in rats, European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 3(10), :. 307-312.\r\n[3]. Lalit Singh Ranavat, Jagruti Patel (2013), Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective activity of Ethanolic Extract of Bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, International Journal of Pharmaceutical science and drug research, 5(3), : 120-124.\r\n[4]. Md. Zafor Sadeque and Zinnat Ara Begum (2010), Protective effect of dried fruits of Carica Papaya on Hepatotoxicity in rats, A Journal of Bangladesh Pharmacological Society,( 5) : 48-50.\r\n[5]. Venkateshwarlu E, Dileep P, rakesh Kumar Reddy P, (2013), Evaluation of anti diabetic activity of Carica papaya seeds on Streptozotocin induced type- II diabetic rat, Journal of Advanced Scientific research, 4(2) : 38-41.\r\n[6]. Ghani A. (2003), Medicinal Plants of Bagladesh 2nd Edition Dhaka, Asiatic society of Bangladesh : 1-149.\r\n[7]. Emeruwa AC 1982, journal of Natural Products, 45(2) : 123-127.\r\n[8]. Chinoy NJ, patel KG, Suneeta Singh (1997), Journal of Medicinal Aromatic Plant Science 19(2) :. 422-426.\r\n[9]. A A Adeneye, JA Olagunju (2009), Preliminary hypoglycemic and hypolipidamic activities of the aqueous seed extract of carica Papaya Linn in Wistar rats, Biology and Medicine, vol 1 (1), : 1-10.\r\n[10]. Emeruva AC (1982), Antibacterial substance from Carica papya fruit extract , journal of Natural Products45(2): 123-127.\r\n[11]. Shandavi C, Bhangale, Vikas V. Patil, Vijay R. Patil, (2010), Antibacterial activity of Ficus Bengalensis Linn. Bark on Actinomyces Viscosus, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, Vol 2(1), 39-43.\r\n[12]. Mousa O, Vuorela P, Kiviranta J, Wahab SA, Hiltohen R.(1994), Bioactivity of certain Egiptiyan Ficus species, J, Ethnopharmacol, 41: 71-6.\r\n[13]. Mukharjee PK , Saha K, MurugesanT, Mandal SC, Pal M, Saha BP, (1998), Screening of anti-diarrhoeal profile of some plant extracts of a specific region of West Bengal India, Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 60: 85-9.\r\n[14]. Husain A, Virmani OP, Popli SP, Mishra LN, Gupta MM, Shrivastava GN, (1992), Dictionary of Indian Medicinal Plants, Lucknow, India, CIMAP, p.546.\r\n[15]. Geetha BS, Mathew BC, Augusti KT, (1994), Hypoglycimic effects Leucodelphinidin derivative isolated from Ficus Bengalensis, Indian Journal Physiol Pharmacol, 38: 220-2.\r\n[16]. Augusti KT(1975 ), Hypoglycimic action of Bengalenoside : A glucoside isolated from Ficus Bengalensis Linn in normal and Alloxandiabetic rabbits, Indian Journal Physiol Pharmacol,19: 218-20.\r\n[17]. Patil VV, Pimprikar R. B., Patil VR, (2009), Pharmacognostical studies and evaluation of Anti- Inflammatory Activity of Ficus Bengalensis Linn., JYP Vol 1 Issue 1, Jan-March, 49-53.\r\n[18]. Chanchal K Roy, Jagadish V Kamath and Mohammed Asad, (2005), Hepatoprotective activity of Psidium guajava leaf extract, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 44, 305-311.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2114\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yogendra Kumar, Girendra Gautam, Pushpesh Kumar Mishra &#8220;Hepatoprotective Activity of Carica Papaya and Ficus Bengalensis Latex against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 8, pp. 132-136 August 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/132-136.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2115\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-8\/132-136.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2116\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/hepatoprotective-activity-of-carica-papaya-and-ficus-bengalensis-latex-against-paracetamol-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Hepatoprotective Activity of Carica Papaya and Ficus Bengalensis Latex against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9693d5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c9693d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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