{"id":2347,"date":"2018-09-10T13:32:46","date_gmt":"2018-09-10T13:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2347"},"modified":"2018-10-13T17:47:26","modified_gmt":"2018-10-13T17:47:26","slug":"volume-v-issue-ix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-v-issue-ix\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue IX"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2347\" class=\"elementor elementor-2347 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4dcb10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4dcb10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4dcdf3\" data-id=\"c4dcdf3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4dcfa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4dcfa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Thermal Performance Improvement of Single Cylinder IC Engine<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Roshan Kumar Nirala, Pushpendra Kumar Jain &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 01-14<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4dd29b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4dd29b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4dd4b6\" data-id=\"c4dd4b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4dd66a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4dd66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The calculation of engine heat transfer rate is very difficult due to complex design of engine geometry and periodic flow of air-fuel mixture during the engine operation for entire cycles. Various studies indicate that about 25 % of the fuel energy is converted into useful work and the remaining 75% is transferred from the engine to the environment.<br \/>\r\nThe main objective of the paper is to enhance the heat transfer rate from existing engine cylinder block by changing its design of fin with new material. CAD models have been created with the help of CATIA software and then transient thermal analysis were performed using ANSYS at ambient temperatures for summer season (45oC) for actual as well as proposed design of IC engine to optimize geometrical parameters and enhance heat transfer rate. It has been observed from the results of transient thermal analysis the proposed design of engine cylinder block has better performance and heat transfer rate as compared to actual design of engine cylinder block.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-14\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Roshan Kumar Nirala<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pushpendra Kumar Jain<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research and Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Mahendra Kumar Ahirwar, Ravindra Mohan and. Jagdish Prasad, \u201cI.C. Engine Cylinder Fins Transient Thermal Analysis By Using ANSYS Software\u201d International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 05 Issue: 02 | Feb-2018, e-ISSN: 2395-0056.<br \/>\r\n[2] Ravi Gupta and K.K. Jain, \u201cHeat Transfer Analysis of Engine Cylinder Block with Different Material Alloys\u201d, International Jo Urnal Of Innovative Research In Technology, IJIRT 145437, \u00a9 March 2018 | IJIRT | Volume 4 Issue 10 | Issn: 2349-6002.<br \/>\r\n[3] Mulukuntla Vidya Sagar and Nalla Suresh, \u201cThermal Analysis of Engine Cylinder with Fins by using ANSYS Workbench\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Research &amp; Technology (IJERT), Vol. 6 Issue 06, June \u2013 2017, ISSN: 2278-0181.<br \/>\r\n[4] Pulkit Sagar, Puneet Teotia, Akash Deep Sahlot and H.C Thakur, \u201cHeat transfer analysis and optimization of engine fins of varying geometry\u201d, Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017) 8558\u20138564.<br \/>\r\n[5] Devendra J. Waghulde, V H Patil and T. A. Koli, \u201cEffect of geometry, material and thickness of fin on engine cylinder fins\u201d, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017, e-ISSN: 2395-0056.<br \/>\r\n[6] Pushkar Bhanudas Patil and Dr. M. K. Chopra, \u201cEffect of Fins Height on Two Wheeler Engine Cylinder\u201d, IJSART- Volume 3 Issue 9 \u2013 SEPTEMBER 2017, ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052.<br \/>\r\n[7] Sandeep Kumar and Nitin Dubey, \u201cInvestigation and Thermal Analysis of Heat Dissipation Rate of Single Cylinder SI Engine\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Development and Research \u00a9 2017 IJEDR | Volume 5, Issue 2 | ISSN: 2321-9939.<br \/>\r\n[8] Divyank Dubey, Dinesh Singh, Abhishek yadav, Satyajeet pal and Harishchandra Thakur, \u201cThermal Analysis of Engine Cylinder having thick tip fin with varying slot sizes and material\u201d, Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017) 7636\u20137642.<br \/>\r\n[9] Deepak Tekhre and Jagdeesh Saini, \u201cDesign Modification And Thermal Analysis of IC Engine Fin\u201d, International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 6, Issue 11 (November 2017), PP. 11-15.<br \/>\r\n[10] N. Arul, G. Srinivasan, K. Sriram, M. Vignesh and S.Vijayaraj \u201cExperimental and Computational Analysis of Various Types of Fins\u201d, International Journal For Research In Mechanical &amp; Civil Engineering, Volume-3 | Issue-4 | April,2017 | Paper-4, ISSN: 2208-2727.<br \/>\r\n[11] Praveen Choudhary, Satyendra Kumar Pankaj, Mukul Tomar and Dr Harish Chandra Thakur, \u201cUnsteady Analysis of Heated Inclined Fin-plate Placed Inside Square Enclosure\u201d, 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 978-1-5090-4307-1\/17\/$31.00 \u00a92017 IEEE.<br \/>\r\n[12] Obula Reddy Kummitha and B. V. R. Reddy, \u201cThermal Analysis of cylinder block with fins for different materials using ANSYS\u201d, Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017) 8142\u20138148.<br \/>\r\n[13] Aju Joseph, Amal Dev C George, Aneesh K, FibinShafi, Jijo Joseph and Arunraj A, \u201cHeat Transfer Enhancement Perforations: A Review\u201d, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization), Vol. 6, Issue 1, January 2017, ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753.<br \/>\r\n[14] A Sathishkumar, MD KathirKaman, S Ponsankar and C Balasuthagar, \u201cDesign and thermal analysis on engine cylinder fins by modifying its material and geometry\u201d, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, JCPS Volume 9 Issue 4, October &#8211; December 2016, ISSN: 0974-2115.<br \/>\r\n[15] Rahul Gupta, Rajneesh Kumar and Prateek Kumar Verma, \u201cHeat Transfer Analysis of Engine Cylinder Fins Having Triangular Shape\u201d, International Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016, ISSN 2229-5518.<br \/>\r\n[16] L. Natrayan, G.Selvaraj, N.Alagirisamy and M.S.Santhosh, \u201cThermal Analysis of Engine Fins with Different Geometries\u201d, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2016, ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753.<br \/>\r\n[17] Shubham Shrivastava and Shikar Upadhyay, \u201cThermal Analysis of IC Engine Cylinder Block with Fins Perpendicular to the Axis of Piston Movement\u201d, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (139-149), Month: October 2015 &#8211; March 2016, ISSN 2348-7593 (Online).<br \/>\r\n[18] Pinja Laaksonen, Timo Hypp\u00e4nen and TeroTynj\u00e4l\u00e4, \u201cEffects Of Fin Parameters On Gas-Side Heat Transfer Performance Of H-Type Finned Tube Bundle In a Waste Heat Recovery Boiler\u201d, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[19] Sachin Kumar Gupta, Harishchandra Thakur and Divyank Dubey \u201cRequired of Cooling System in IC Engines\u201d, HCTL Open International Journal of Technology Innovations and Research (IJTIR) https:\/\/ijtir.hctl.org Volume 14, April 2015 e-ISSN: 2321-1814, ISBN (Print): 978-1-62951-946-3.<br \/>\r\n[20] PandugaEeshwar Prasad, Y. Dilip Kumar and Dr. P. H. V. SeshaTalpa Sai \u201cThermal Analyis Of Engine By Changing Fluid And Thickness Of Fins\u201d, International Journal Of Emerging Trends In Technology And Science, Volume-06, Issue-01, November-2015, (ISSN: 2348-0246(online)).<br \/>\r\n[21] Sampath SS, Sawan Shetty and ChithiraiPon Selvan M, \u201cEstimation of Heat Dissipation from Plate with Multiple Tapered and Rectangular Fins\u201d, European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2015, 2(5): 123-128, ISSN: 2394 &#8211; 658X.<br \/>\r\n[22] Subodh Kumar Sharma, P. K. Saini and N. K. Samria, \u201cExperimental Thermal Analysis of Diesel Engine Piston and Cylinder Wall\u201d, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of EngineeringVolume 2015, Article ID 178652, 10 pages.<br \/>\r\n[23] Mr. Mehul S. Pate and Mr. N.M.Vora \u201cThe rmal Analysis of IC Engine cylinde r fins array using CFD\u201d, International Journal of Advance Engineer ing and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 1,Issue 5,May 2014, e-ISSN: 2348 &#8211; 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406.<br \/>\r\n[24] . Sai Chaitanya, B. Suneela Rani and K. Vijaya Kumar, \u201cThermal Analysis of Engine Cylinder Fin by Varying Its Geometry and Material\u201d, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. I (Nov- Dec. 2014), PP 37-44.<br \/>\r\n[25] Pradeep Mani Tripathi, Satya Prakash, Rahul Singh and Satish Kumar Dwivedi, \u201cThermal Analysis on Cylinder Head of SI Engine Using FEM\u201d, International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER), ISSN (Online): 2347-3878 Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2014.<br \/>\r\n[26] J. Krishneveni, G. Sowmya&amp; U. Sudhakar, \u201cThermal Analysis of Cylinder Head by Using FiniteElement Analysis\u201d, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IJME) ISSN(P): 2319-2240; ISSN(E): 2319-2259 Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov 2014, 11-20.<br \/>\r\n[27] Mr. N. Phani Raja Rao and Mr. T. Vishnu Vardhan, \u201cThermal Analysis Of Engine Cylinder Fins By Varying Its Geometry And Material\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Research &amp; Technology (IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 8, August \u2013 2013, ISSN: 2278-0181.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Roshan Kumar Nirala, Pushpendra Kumar Jain &#8220;Thermal Performance Improvement of Single Cylinder IC Engine&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.01-14 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/01-14.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/01-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/thermal-performance-improvement-of-single-cylinder-ic-engine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thermal Performance Improvement of Single Cylinder IC Engine<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4de56c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4de56c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4de65b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4de65b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4de7ea\" data-id=\"c4de7ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4de90c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4de90c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Update in Transformer Technology<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Indrima Upadhyay, Abhishek Yadav &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 15-19<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4de9b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4de9b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4deb27\" data-id=\"c4deb27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4dec66 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4dec66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A variety of types of electrical transformer are made for different purposes. Despite their design differences, the various types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts. TRANSFORMER- is one of oldest innovations in Electrical Engineering. It is an essential device in every electrical network circuitry. A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It transforms power from one circuit to another without changing its frequency but may be in different voltage level. A transformer consists of two electrically isolated coils and operates on the basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, Faraday&#8217;s principal of \u201cmutual induction\u201d, in which an EMF is induced in the transformers secondary coil by the magnetic flux generated by the voltages and currents flowing in the primary coil winding. The working principles of transformer are very simple. Mutual induction between two or more winding is responsible for transformation action in an electrical transformer.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 15-19\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Indrima Upadhyay <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nB. Tech Student, Electrical Engineering, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abhishek Yadav<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, College of Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Donald G. Fink &amp; H. Wayne Beatty. (1978). Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, 11th Edition. McGraw Hill. PP- 10\u201344 and 10\u201345.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Khanchandani, M.D. Singh, K.B. (2008). Power electronics (2nd Ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. PP- 76.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Rumsey, Francis; McCormick, Tim (2009). Sound and recording (6th ed.). Oxford, UK: Focal Press. PP &#8211; 356.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Douglas, Alan (1995). Radio manufacturers of the 1920&#8217;s. Chandler, Ariz.: Sonoran Pub. PP &#8211; 76.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Indrima Upadhyay, Abhishek Yadav &#8220;An Update in Transformer Technology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.15-19 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/15-19.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/15-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-update-in-transformer-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>An Update in Transformer Technology<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4dfb32 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4dfb32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4dfc0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4dfc0b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4dfd8e\" data-id=\"c4dfd8e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4dfeab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4dfeab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4dff6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4dff6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e00f3\" data-id=\"c4e00f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e020a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e020a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Standard-basis Based CDMA NOC Design <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Prasad Nathu M, Dr. Praveen J- September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 20-25<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e02a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e02a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e0430\" data-id=\"c4e0430\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e0565 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e0565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">NOC\u2019s has come into existence to resolve the problems in the conventional bus based on-chip communication. Earlier circuit switched and packet switched methods were employed in NOC\u2019s and recently CDMA based NOC\u2019s have gained popularity because of its capability of handling communication nodes concurrently. The CDMA technique is very handy in SOCs for establishing communication among a large number of integrated components on the same chip. The CDMA spreading codes for NOC such as Walsh codes were used for implementing the encoding\/decoding part of CDMA and recently a new spreading code called Standard-basis Based (SB) was used in the encoding\/Decoding process. In this paper, the CDMA NOC using the Walsh codes and SB codes are implemented individually on FPGA SPARTAN III kit. The design is coded in Verilog on Xilinx ISE and simulated using Modelsim 6.3f. The CDMA NOC SB and WB Coding designs are implemented on FPGA \u2013Atrix7 and the performancesare compared. The implementation results of the two methods are compared.The designed SB code CDMA NOC has improved 30.11% area in LUT slices, 12% reduction in total power consumption and 4% faster.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 20-25\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prasad Nathu M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlvas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Praveen J<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlvas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Shaoteng, Liu. New circuit switching techniques in on-chip networks. Diss. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[2] El Badry, Ahmed A., and Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany. &#8220;A CDMA Based Scalable Hierarchical Architecture for Network-On-Chip.&#8221; International Journal of Computer Science Issues(IJCSI) 9.5 (2012).<br \/>\r\n[3] Shimizu, Shinsaku, Toshimasa Matsuoka, and Kenji Taniguchi. &#8220;Parallel bus systems using code-division multiple access technique.&#8221; Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS&#8217;03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[4] Kim, Daewook, Manho Kim, and Gerald E. Sobelman. &#8220;CDMA-based network-on-chip architecture.&#8221; Circuits and Systems, 2004. Proceedings. The 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[5] Wang, Xin, and JariNurmi. &#8220;An on-chip CDMA communication network.&#8221; System-on-Chip, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 International Symposium on. IEEE, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[6] Wang, Xin, TapaniAhonen, and JariNurmi. &#8220;Applying CDMA technique to network-on-chip.&#8221; IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems 15.10 (2007): 1091-1100.<br \/>\r\n[7] Wang, Jian, Zhonghai Lu, and Yubai Li. &#8220;A New CDMA Encoding\/Decoding Method for on-Chip Communication Network.&#8221; IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 24.4 (2016): 1607-1611.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prasad Nathu M, Dr. Praveen J &#8220;A Standard-basis Based CDMA NOC Design &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp. 20-25 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/20-25.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/20-25.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-standard-basis-based-cdma-noc-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>A Standard-basis Based CDMA NOC Design <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1527 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e1527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e15fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e15fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e17ac\" data-id=\"c4e17ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e18da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e18da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1978 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e1978\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1b12\" data-id=\"c4e1b12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1c37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e1c37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Study of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behaviour at Big Bazaar Bangalore<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Prof. Raghavendran V &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 26-28<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1cd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e1cd6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1e4d\" data-id=\"c4e1e4d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e1f84 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e1f84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Brand image on consumer buying behaviour is at the show of buying the product and services. Consumers are influenced by different social, psychological, cultural and behavioural situation. Primary Data was collected through survey method by distributing questionnaire, Interview, Observation and Secondary Data were taken from Books, Magazines, Websites, and Newspapers. 500 respondents were taken for the research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 26-28\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Raghavendran V<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nController of Examinations and Professor, MIT-World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Anjali Sharma, S. B. (2013), Impact of Brand Loyalty on Buying Behavior of Women,Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, Volume 3 ( Issue number 7), PP 817-824.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Durrani, B. A. (February 2015), Impact of brand image on buying behaviour among teenagers,European Scientific Journal, vol.11,PP 155-168.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Fianto, A. Y. (2014), The Influence of Brand Image on Purchase Behaviour Through Brand Trust,Business Management and Strategy, Vol. 5,PP 59-76.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Janardhana. (Apr-2014), Customer Brand Loyalty towards Corporate Retail Store. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Volume 16, PP 01-08.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Joshi, D. (2013), Effects of branding on buying behaviour,Commentary, PP 156-159.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Lin, N.-H. (August-2007), The Effect of Brand Image and Product Knowledge on Purchase Intention Moderated by Price Discount,Journal of International Management Studies, PP121-136.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Malik, M. E. (2013), Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior,World Applied Sciences Journal, PP 117-122.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Riaz, H. A. (2015), Impact of brand image on consumer buying behavior in, Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, Vol. 4, PP 152-3.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Sivanesan, D. R. (2014), Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer,International Journal of Research in Management, Vol. 1, PP 73-80.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Thesis, M. (2014),Effect of brand image on consumer purchase behaviour. Aalborg University.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Umer Shehzad, S. A. (jan 2014), Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Choice &amp; Decision,IOSR Journal of Business and Management, PP 72-76.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Raghavendran V &#8220;A Study of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behaviour at Big Bazaar Bangalore&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.26-28 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/26-28.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/26-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-study-of-brand-image-on-consumer-buying-behaviour-at-big-bazaar-bangalore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Study of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behaviour at Big Bazaar Bangalore<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e2d7b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e2d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e2e7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e2e7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e3010\" data-id=\"c4e3010\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e3137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e3137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Development of Alternator Car<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ankur H. Vyas &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 29-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e31f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e31f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e3384\" data-id=\"c4e3384\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e34af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e34af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Electric vehicle drives offer a number of advantages over conventional combination engine, especially in teams of lower local emissions, higher, energy efficiency, and decreased dependency upon oil.<br \/>\r\nYet there are significant barriers to the rapid adoption of electric car, including the limitation of battery technology, high purchase cost, and the lack of recharging infrastructure. With intelligently controlled charging operation.<br \/>\r\nThe energy need of potential electric vehicle fleets could be covered by existing German power plant without incurring large price fluctuations. Over the long, electric vehicle could represent a sustainable tr Could one create a modest modification that would allow automobiles to interface with a tracked system capable of eliminating the need for drivers or vehicle power for part of the daily commute? It was this inspiration that eventually lead to the Alternator project.<br \/>\r\nIf a \u201cSynchronous Guide way could power and control a car during each leg of the commute, then the vehicle power and weight could be reduced dramatically \u2013 so much so that it might be practical to use a mix of human and electric power to propel the vehicle where no guide way was available.<br \/>\r\nThus, even without a guide way, the practical use of augmented human power might provide a matrix of ben. We are changing the notion of what features should be considered important. Specifically, the Alternator\u00ae Imagine PS Low Mass Vehicle (LMV) introduces a new entrant into the transportation equation.<br \/>\r\nAs an exercise-enabled vehicle, it is possible for one, two, three or four people to operate the bi-directional human-power interface. Alternatively, a single operator may operate the vehicle in electric power mode only \u2013 or any combination of human and electric power may be employed.<br \/>\r\nThe Imagine PS may operate as a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as an exercise based human electric power station, or in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mode. Regenerative braking and an advanced power system enhance overall efficiency. Other available features include a human\/machine interface (HMI) touch-screen display with GPS and biometric data logging, iPod\u00ae integrated sound systems, and Bluetooth\u00ae compatible onboard computing\/communications devices. The vehicle is especially suited to generate the power required to operate these devices. An all-weather roof shell is available. Fits including health enhancement, teamwork building skills, and improved traffic flow.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 29-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ankur H. Vyas<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering department, KJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Savli, Gujarat, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Valiant promotional brochure. Chrysler Corporation (Australia). 1962. Another Chrysler &#8220;first&#8221; &#8230; the amazing new alternator<br \/>\r\n[2]. &#8220;Encyclopedia: 1915&#8221;. Model T Ford Club of America.<br \/>\r\n[3]. &#8220;Encyclopedia: 1915 and 1916 [comprehensive description]&#8221;. Model T Ford Club of America.<br \/>\r\n[4]. &#8220;Encyclopedia: 1919&#8221;. Model T Ford Club of America.<br \/>\r\n[5]. &#8220;Encyclopedia: 1917 to 1920 [comprehensive description]&#8221;. Model T Ford Club of America.<br \/>\r\n[6]. &#8220;Electrical System and Power Supply&#8221;. Automotive Handbook (3rd ed.). Bosch. 1993. pp. 770\u2013771. ISBN 0-8376-0330-7.<br \/>\r\n[7]. b Bosch &amp; 3rd, p. 771<br \/>\r\n[8]. Bosch &amp; 3rd, pp. 771\u2013772<br \/>\r\n[9]. &#8220;Understanding 3 phase alternators&#8230;&#8221; windstuffnow.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Horst Bauer (ed.) Automotive Handbook 8th Edition, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8376-1686-5, page 993<br \/>\r\n[11]. G. Pellegrino, A. Vagati, P. Guglielmi, &#8220;Performance Comparison Between Surface-Mounted and Interior PM Motor Drives for Electric Vehicle Application&#8221; IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol 59, No 2, February 2012 pag. 809<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ankur H. Vyas &#8220;Design and Development of Alternator Car&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.29-32 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/29-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/29-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-development-of-alternator-car\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Design and Development of Alternator Car<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e42c9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e42c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e439d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e439d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e4511\" data-id=\"c4e4511\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e462f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e462f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e46ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e46ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e4835\" data-id=\"c4e4835\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e494e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e494e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cogging Torque Reduction by Increasing Tooth Tang Radius in Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Amit Kapil, Nil Patel &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 33-35<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e49ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e49ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e4b58\" data-id=\"c4e4b58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e4c83 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e4c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are arises as a suitable motor for a number of drive applications in industrial and consumer products. Cogging torque is one of the main downside of PMBLDC motor which results in noises and shaft vibrations. The focus of this work is to reduce the cogging torque in PMBLDC by implementing reconstruction in design parameters. For analyzing the performance of the machine, machine is modeled using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based software package Motor solve. It is observed that the cogging torque is influenced by tooth tang radius variation. Hence, it is very essential to select proper stator tooth tang radius to reduce the cogging torque in order to improve the performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-35\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amit Kapil <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDept. of. Electrical Engineering, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nil Patel <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDept. of. Electrical Engineering, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] D. C. Hanselman, \u201cBrushless Permanent Magnet Motor Design\u201d New York McGrow-Hill 1994.<br \/>\r\n[2] I. R. Handershot and T. J. E. Miller, Design of Brushless PermanentMagnet Motors. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford, 1994.<br \/>\r\n[3] Oleg Kudrjavtsev, Aleksander Kilk, \u201cCogging torque reduction methods\u201d unpublished<br \/>\r\n[4] L. Dosiek and J. Pillay : &#8220;Cogging torque reduction in permanent magnet machines&#8221;, IEEE Trans Industry and Application, Vol. 43, no.6 pp. 1656-1571, 2007.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amit Kapil, Nil Patel &#8220;Cogging Torque Reduction by Increasing Tooth Tang Radius in Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp. 33-35 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/33-35.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/33-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/cogging-torque-reduction-by-increasing-tooth-tang-radius-in-radial-flux-permanent-magnet-brushless-dc-motor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cogging Torque Reduction by Increasing Tooth Tang Radius in Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e59e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e59e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e5ab8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e5ab8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e5c39\" data-id=\"c4e5c39\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e5d58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e5d58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning: The Emerging Milestones in Software Development<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mahendra Prasad Nath, Pravin Pandey, Karthikeyan Somu, Peter Amalraj- September 2018 Page No.: 36-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e5df7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e5df7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e5f5f\" data-id=\"c4e5f5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e607d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e607d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">PC frameworks are getting to be ordinary; without a doubt, they are relatively pervasive. We discover them integral to the working of most business, legislative, military, natural, and social insurance associations. They are likewise a piece of numerous instructive and preparing programs. Be that as it may, these PC frameworks, while progressively influencing our lives, are unbending, unpredictable and unequipped for quick change. To encourage us and our associations adapt to the flighty outcomes of an always unpredictable world, these frameworks require abilities that will empower them to adjust promptly to change. They should be astute. Our national aggressiveness depends progressively on capacities with respect to getting to, preparing, and dissecting data. The PC frameworks utilized for such purposes should likewise be clever. Human services suppliers require simple access to data frameworks so they can track social insurance conveyance and recognize the latest and viable restorative medicines for their patients&#8217; conditions. Emergency administration groups must have the capacity to investigate elective blueprints and bolster basic leadership. Teachers require frameworks that adjust to an understudy&#8217;s individual needs and capacities. Organizations require adaptable assembling and programming configuration helps to keep up their administration position in data innovation, and to recapture it in assembling. Research in AI has based upon the devices and procedures of a wide range of orders, including formal rationale, likelihood hypothesis, choice hypothesis, administration science, semantics and logic. Be that as it may, the use of these controls in AI has required the improvement of numerous upgrades and augmentations. Among the most ground-breaking of these are the strategies for computational rationale.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 36-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mahendra Prasad Nath<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVMware Software India Pvt. Ltd. , JP Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560076, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pravin Pandey<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVMware Software India Pvt. Ltd. , JP Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560076, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Karthikeyan Somu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVMware Software India Pvt. Ltd. , JP Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560076, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peter Amalraj<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVMware Software India Pvt. Ltd. , JP Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560076, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Mahendra Prasad Nath, Santwana Sagnika, Madhabananda Das, Manjusha Pandey, \u201cObject Recognition using Cat Swarm Optimization, \u201cInternational Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), Volume IV, Issue VIIS, July2017<br \/>\r\n[2]. Mahendra Prasad Nath, Kanika Goyal, Jugesh Prasad, Bhavya Kallur, Chat Bot &#8211; An Edge to Customer Insight, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue V, May 2018<br \/>\r\n[3]. Mahendra Nath, Jayashree Muralikrishnan, Kuzhanthaiyan Sundarrajan, Madhu Varadarajanna, \u201cContinuous Integration, Delivery, and Deployment: A Revolutionary Approach in Software Development\u201d, \u201cInternational Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), Volume V, Issue VII, July 2018<br \/>\r\n[4]. Kajaree Das, Rabi Narayan Behera, \u201cA Survey on Machine Learning: Concept, Algorithms and Applications\u201d, \u201cInternational Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering\u201d, Volume. 5, Issue 2, February 2017.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Ian H. Witten and Eibe Frank. Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2nd edition, 2005<br \/>\r\n[6]. Newsome, B. Karp, and D. Song. Paragraph: Thwarting signature learning by training maliciously. In D. Zamboni and C. Kruegel, editors, Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection (RAID) 2006 (LNCS 4219), pages 81\u2013105, Berlin, 2006. Springer-Verlag.<br \/>\r\n[7]. T. Mitchell, W. Cohen, E. Hruschka, P. Talukdar, J. Betteridge, A. Carlson, B. Dalvi, M. Gardner, B. Kisiel, J. Krishnamurthy, N. Lao, K. Mazaitis, T. Mohamed, N. Nakashole, E. Platanios,A. Ritter, M. Samadi, B. Settles, R. Wang, D. Wijaya, A. Gupta, X. Chen, A. Saparov,M. Greaves, J. Welling, Never-Ending Learning, Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2014<br \/>\r\n[8]. T. M. Mitchell, Machine Learning, McGraw-Hill International, 1997.<br \/>\r\n[9]. A. Carlson, J. Betteridge, B.Kisiel, B.Settles,E. R.Hruschka Jr,and T. M. Mitchell, Toward an architecture for never-ending language learning, AAAI, volume 5, 3, 2010<br \/>\r\n[10]. G. Bontempi. Long term time series prediction with multi-input multi-output local learning. Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium on Time Series Prediction (TSP), ESTSP08, pages 145\u2013154, 2008.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mahendra Prasad Nath, Pravin Pandey, Karthikeyan Somu, Peter Amalraj&#8221;Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning: The Emerging Milestones in Software Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.36-44 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/36-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/36-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-the-emerging-milestones-in-software-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning: The Emerging Milestones in Software Development<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e6db4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e6db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e6e8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e6e8f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e7001\" data-id=\"c4e7001\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e7122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4e7122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Cytotoxic Pyrrolidinone from Leaves of <i>Jatropha tanjorensis<\/i><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Madepalli Byrappa Gowdu Viswanathan, Jesu Doss Jeya Ananthi, Nata Rajan Livingston Raja &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 45-50<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e71bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e71bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e7349\" data-id=\"c4e7349\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e7492 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e7492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cancer metastasis, which involves multiple processes and various cytophysiological changes, is a primary cause of cancer death. Currently available therapeutic drugs have limited effects on metastasis tumors. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat tumor metastasis. Search for effective agent from plant resources, such as flavonoids or alkaloids for the treatment of cancer metastasis has become one of the top priorities in cancer research. The aim of the present study is to study the cytotoxic effects of leaves on <em>Jatropha tanjorensis <\/em>by <em>in vitro <\/em>and<em> in vivo <\/em>methods. <em>In vitro<\/em> cytotoxic properties of methanol extract and R(+) 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone of <em>J. tanjorensis<\/em> were taken up against 4 cancerous cell lines, viz., HEP-2, B16F10, A549, and NRK 49F using standard procedure.\u00a0 According to Hartwell latex sap and leaf of species of <em>Jatropha<\/em> are used in warts and tumors.\u00a0 This plant has not been studied for their cytotoxic effect. The methanol fraction of <em>J. tanjorensis<\/em> was studied for <em>in vivo<\/em> cytotoxic activity using B<sub>16<\/sub>F<sub>10<\/sub> melanoma cells in mice.\u00a0 Simultaneous administration of methanol fraction at the doses of 100 and 200 mg\/kg and R(+) 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone per oral. The methanol extract and R (+) 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone exhibited more cytotoxic activity against all the 4 cell lines by <em>in vitro<\/em> study.\u00a0 The Caucasian male larynx epithelium cornicing Hep-2 was found to be more susceptible with an IC<sub>50<\/sub> value of 43.24\u03bcg\/ml.\u00a0 The other cell line showed less activity as indicated by the relatively high IC<sub>50<\/sub> value. The results <em>in vivo<\/em> study revealed that R (+) 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone exhibited relatively high increase in life span than methanol fraction.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-50\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Madepalli Byrappa Gowdu Viswanathan1<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jesu Doss Jeya Ananthi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartments of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil \u2013 626126, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nata Rajan Livingston Raja<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartments of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil \u2013 626126, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Narayanan Venkateshan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartments of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil \u2013 626126, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Akhter,A., Raman, M.S., Ahsan, M., 2008. Preliminary antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of n-hexane extract of Jatropha pandurifolia. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy 27, 918-921.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Auvin-Guette, C., Baraguey, C., Blond, A., Xavier, S.X., Pousset, J.L., Bodo, B., 1999. Pohlianins A, B and C, cyclic peptides from the latex of Jatropha pohliana spp. molissima. Tetrahedron 55, 11495-11510.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Balaji, R., Rekha, N., Deecaraman, M., Manikandan, L.. 2009. Antimetastatic and antiproliferative activity of methanolic fraction of Jatropha curcas against B16F10 melanoma induced lung metastasis in C57BL\/6 mice. African Journalof Pharmacy and Pharacology, 3, 547\u2013555.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Beyioku,A.F.,Oyibo,W.A.,Anuforom,B.C..1998,Disinfectant\/antiparasitic activities of Jatropha curcas. East African Medical Journal, 75, 508-511.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Chhabra,S.C., Mahunnah, R.L.A., Mshiu, E.N.. 1990. Plants used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzania. III. Angiosperms (Euphorbiaceae to Menispermaceae). Journal of Ethnophamacology, 28: 255-283.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Das,B.,Venkataiah,B., 1999, A rare diterpene from Jatropha gossypifolia. Biochemical Sysmatics and Ecoology, 27, 759-760.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Dhawan ,B.N., Patnaik, G.K., Rastogi, R.P., Singh, K.K., Tandon JS. 1977. Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: part VI. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 15, 208-219.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Diepgen,T., Mahler, V., 2002, The epidemiology of skin cancer. British Journal of Dermatoogy, 146, 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Duke, J.A., Atchley, A.A.,1984, Proximate analysis. Pp.331-345. In: Christie, B.R. (Ed.). The handbook of plant science in agriculture.CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Fidler, I.J. 1970. Metastasis: quantitative analysis of distribution and fate of tumour emboli labelled with 1251-5-iodo-2\u2019deoxyuridine. Journal of Natural Cancer Institute, 45, 773-782.<br \/>\r\n[11]. 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Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 200, 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Harborne ,J.B., 1998. Phytochemical Methods, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Hartwell, J. L., 1969. Plants used against cancer; a survey. Lloydia 32: 153-205.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Horacio, R.E., Quintin, L., Kintanar, J., Trinidad, T., Ambay, B., 1974. Effect of Jatropha curcas leaves on turtle heart preparation. Acta Medica Philippina, 2, 60-61.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Horiuchi,T., Fujiki,H., Hirota, M., Suttajit, M., Suganuma, M., Yoshioka, A., Wongchai, V., Hecker, E., Sugimura, T., 1987. Presence of tumor promoters in the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. from Thailand. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 78, 223-226.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Hufford, C.D., Oguntimein, B.O., 1978. Nonpolar constituents of Jatropha curcas. Lloydia 41: 161-165.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Idu, M., Timothy, O., Onyibe, H.I., Comor, A.O., 2009. Comparative Morphological and Anatomical Studies on the Leaf and Stem of some Medicinal Plants: Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha tanjorensis J.L. Ellis and Saroja (Euphorbiaceae). Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1232-1239.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Kambu, K., Tona, L., Kaba, S., Cimanga, K., Mukala, N., 1990. Antispasmodic activity of extracts proceeding of plant anti-diarrhoea traditional preparations used in Kinshasa, Zaire.Annals pharmaceutiques francaises48: 200-208.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Khafagy, S.M., Mohamed, Y.A., Abdel Salam, N.A., Mahmoud, Z.F., 1977. Phytochemical study of Jatropha curcas. Planta Medica, 31, 274-277.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Khan, M., Jain, D.C., Bhauni, R.S., Zaim, M., Thakur, R.S., 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisa annua. Plant Science, 75, 161-165.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Kong, L.Y., Jin, D.Z., Min, Z.D., 1993. The diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas. World Phytomedicine, 8, 243-245.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Kupchan, S.M., Wanger, C.R., Bryan, R.F., 1970. 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Olayiwola,G., Iwalewa,E.O., Omobuwajo, O.R., Adeniyi,A.A., Verspohi, E.J., 2004. The antidiabetic potential of jatropha tanjorensis leaves. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 8, 55-58.<br \/>\r\n[37]. Omobuwajo,O.R., Alade,G.O., Akanmu, M.A., Obuotor,E.M., Osasan,S.A.. 2011. Microscopic and toxicity studies on the leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharacology, 5, 12-17.<br \/>\r\n[38]. Phan Perry, L.M.. 1980. Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. MIT Press, Cambridge.<br \/>\r\n[39]. Saxena, S.K., Sharma, R., Rajore, S., Batra, A., 2005. Isolation and identification of flavonoid vitexin from Jatropha curcas L. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 21, 116-117.<br \/>\r\n[40]. Subramanian,S.S.,Nagarajan,S.,Sulochana,N., 1971 b. Flavonoids of some Euphorbiceous plants. Phytochemistry 10, 2548-2549.<br \/>\r\n[41]. Suri,M., Montri,T.,Rutaiwan,T.,2005. Anti-metastatic effects of curcusone B, a diterpene from Jatropha curcas. International Instituteof Anticancer Research, 19, 265-268.<br \/>\r\n[42]. Trease,G.E.,Evans,W.C..1996.Pharmacognosy. WB Saunders Company Ltd, London.<br \/>\r\n[43]. Viswanathan,M.B., Jeya Ananthi, J., 2009. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities of various extracts of the leaves of Jatropha tanjorenesis. Bioscience Biotechnologyand Research Asia 6, 297-300.<br \/>\r\n[44]. Viswanathan, M.B., Jeya Ananthi, J., Sathishkumar,S., (2012) Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds and leaf extracts in Jatropha tanjorensis,Fitoterapia,83,1153-1159.<br \/>\r\n[45]. Voet,D.,Voet,J.G.,1995.Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.<br \/>\r\n[46]. Yang, S., Chen, J., Guo, Z., Xu, X.M., Wang, L., Pei,X.F., Yang,J., Underhill,C.B., Zhang,L., 2003. Triptolide inhibits the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Molcular Cancer Therapy, 2, 65-72.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Madepalli Byrappa Gowdu Viswanathan, Jesu Doss Jeya Ananthi, Nata Rajan Livingston Raja &#8220;Cytotoxic Pyrrolidinone from Leaves of <i>Jatropha tanjorensis<\/i>&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.45-50 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/45-50.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/45-50.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/cytotoxic-pyrrolidinone-from-leaves-of-jatropha-tanjorensis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cytotoxic Pyrrolidinone from Leaves of <i>Jatropha tanjorensis<\/i><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e8242 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e8242\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 51-54<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e8d5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e8d5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4e8ecd\" data-id=\"c4e8ecd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e8ffb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4e8ffb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Aluminium alloys have been increasingly applied as a structural material in composite materials using metal matrix due to their excellent mechanical properties and low weight. Aluminium is among those metals which are difficult to be welded by normal fusion welding processes. Aluminum MMC was particularly selected as it possesses increased elevated temperature strength and wide range of extensive applications. The excellent mechanical properties of these materials and relatively low production cost make them a very attractive candidate for a variety of applications both from scientific and technological viewpoints. Low melting point and high thermal conductivity are the two major factors contributing to this phenomenon. In our present work we have fabricated AA6061 composite material (in the shape of rod), an aluminium alloy, which is reinforced with Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> in different quantities to improve machinability. Later we determined the cutting forces of each rod using lathe machine with dynamometer for better selection of rod. We found that the parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut severely influences the cutting force. This analysis of cutting force provided better selection of tool for Friction Stir Welding.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 51-54\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>P Ranjith Reddy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Y Rishwanth Reddy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M Sai Sreekar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B Rajashekar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G Sucharitha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Source: Internet<br \/>\r\n[2]. Lindroos.K.Y, Talvite.M.J, \u201cRecent Advances in Metal Matrix Composites\u201d. Journal Materials Processing Technology.53,PP, 273-284, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bakes H, Benjamin D, Kirkpatrick CW. Metals handbook, vol.2.Metals Park, OH: ASM; 1979. p. 3\u201323.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Dr. C. J. Rao, Dr. D. Nageswara Rao, P. Srihari Influence of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface finish in turning Operation- 2013<br \/>\r\n[5]. P.Prasanna, B.Subbarao, G.Krishna Mohana Rao., Numerical evaluation of friction stir welds of AA 6061- Journals of Engg and applied sciences,vol.5,No.6,June (2010).<br \/>\r\n[6]. L.E., Nunes A. 1988. Heat Input and Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding. Journal of Mat. Process. And Manufg. Sci. 5: 163-172.<br \/>\r\n[7]. L.Karthikeyan, V.S.Senthilkumar, V.Balasubramaniam, S.Natarajan, Mechanical property and microstructural changes during FSP of cast Al2285, Materials and Design 30 (2008) 2237 \u2013 2242.<br \/>\r\n[8]. V.Sivaraman&amp;S.SankaranThe Effect of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Force During TurningMultiphase Microalloyed Steel &#8211; 2012.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Giuseppe Casalino&amp; Sabina CampanelliInfluence of Shoulder Geometry and Coating of the Tool on theFriction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy Plates \u2013 2014<br \/>\r\n[10]. Valiev, R.Z. Structure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained metals, Material Science Engineering A, 1997,234-236, pp. 59-66.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Rao, P.N., Singh, D., Jayaganthan, R. Effect of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 6061 alloy processed by cryorolling, Material Science and Technology, 2013, 29, pp. 76-82.<br \/>\r\n[12]. M.Sad\u00edlek&amp; J. DubskCutting forces during turning with variable depth of cut -2015.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Anderson, Jr. C.E., Royal-Timmons, S.A., 1997. Ballistic Performance of Confined 99.5%- Al2O3 Ceramics Tiles. Int J Impact Engng 19, p.703.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">P Ranjith Reddy, Y Rishwanth Reddy, M Sai Sreekar, B Rajashekar, G Sucharitha &#8220;Cutting Force Analysis of AA6061 Fabricated Rods Reinforced With Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp. 51-54 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/51-54.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/51-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/cutting-force-analysis-of-aa6061-fabricated-rods-reinforced-with-al2o3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cutting Force Analysis of AA6061 Fabricated Rods Reinforced With Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4e9ddb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4e9ddb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4e9ea7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4e9ea7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea01d\" data-id=\"c4ea01d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea13e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ea13e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea1dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ea1dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea330\" data-id=\"c4ea330\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ea439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea4d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ea4d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea637\" data-id=\"c4ea637\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea75e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ea75e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Synthesis, Characterization and Bio-Medical, Magnetic Data Storage and Environmental Applications of Co@SiO<sub>2<\/sub> Core\/Shell Nanoparticles<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>J. Alimunnisa, K. Ravichandran and K. S. Meena &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 55-62<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea7fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ea7fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ea96c\" data-id=\"c4ea96c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4eaa9f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4eaa9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper discusses about the Co core \u2013 SiO2 shell (Co@SiO2) nanoparticles prepared by the modified St\u00f6ber method. Phase formation and properties of the particles were studied using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), impedance spectroscopy (IS), microbial and photo catalytic activities. The insulating layer of SiO2 shell thickness can block nanoparticles from growing up. Two different phases of cubic structure (f. c. c) for Co and Tetragonal structure of shell SiO2 were identified from particles. FESEM morphology shows the octahedral symmetric crystal for 0.5 and 1 ml concentration, which is highly porous, well crystallined nature. EDS and XPS measurement peaks show the presence of Co, Si and O elements and confirm the formation of core-shell structure .Paramagnetic for 0.5 ml and diamagnetic behaviour for 1 ml concentration were obtained from VSM measurements. Impedance studies of the sample show very high resistance that is only due to SiO2 shell. Synthesized nanoparticle having controllable grain size, shape and magnetic property is a suitable candidate for many biomedical, storage, anti-corrosion resistance and environmental applications.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 55-62\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. Alimunnisa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPG and Research Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary\u2019s college (A), Chennai-600 004, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. Ravichandran<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPG and Research Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary\u2019s college (A), Chennai-600 004, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. S. Meena<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPG and Research Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary\u2019s college (A), Chennai-600 004, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Nagarajan Sounderya and Yong Zhang 2008 Use of Core\/Shell Structured Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering ,1 34-42<br \/>\r\n[2]. Wagner J, Autenrieth T and Hempelmann R 2002 Core shell particles consisting of cobalt ferrite and silica as model ferrofluids ,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 252 4-6<br \/>\r\n[3]. Connolly J, St Pierre T G, Rutnakornpituk M and Riffle J S 2002 Silica coating of cobal nanoparticles increases their magnetic and chemical stability for biomedical applications Eur. Cells Mater. 3 106\u20139<br \/>\r\n[4]. Cowburn R.P, 2002 Magnetic nanodots for device applications, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 242\u2013245, pp.505\u2013511<br \/>\r\n[5]. Shouheng Sun, C. B. Murray, Dieter Weller, Liesl Folks, Andreas Moser, 17 Mar 2000, Monodisperse FePt Nanoparticles and Ferromagnetic FePt Nanocrystal Superlattices, Science Vol. 287, Issue 5460, pp. 1989-1992<br \/>\r\n[6]. Y. D. Zhang, S. H. Wang, D. T. Xiao, J. I. Budnick, and W. A. Hines, JULY 2001, Nanocomposite Co\/SiO2Soft Magnetic Materials, IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, Vol. 37, No. 4, 2275<br \/>\r\n[7]. Rodrigues E L and Bueno J M C 2002 Co\/SiO2 catalysts for selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde II: influence of the Co surface structure on selectivity, Applied Catalysis A: General 232 147-58<br \/>\r\n[8]. Connolly J, Pierre T G S, Rutnakornpituk M and Riffle J S 2004 Cobalt nanoparticles formed in polysiloxane copolymer micelles: effect of production methods on magnetic properties Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 37 2475-82<br \/>\r\n[9]. Mehta R V, Upadhyay R V, Charles S W and Ramchand C N 1997 Direct binding of protein to magnetic particles Biotechnology Techniques 11 493-6 .<br \/>\r\n[10]. Pedro Tartaj, Mar\u00b4\u0131a del Puerto Morales, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, Teresita Gonzalez-Carre\u00b4 no and Carlos J Serna, 2003, The preparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 R182-R<br \/>\r\n[11]. Weissleder R, Stark DD, Engelstad BL, Bacon BR, Compton CC, White DL, Jacobs P, Lewis J. 1989, Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jan;152(1):167-73<br \/>\r\n[12]. Muller RH, Maaen S, Weyhers H, et al. 1996. Cytotoxicity of magnetiteloaded polylactide, polylactide\/glycolide particles and solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm, 138:85\u201394.<br \/>\r\n[13]. F. Hache, D. Ricard, C. Flytzanis, and U. Kreibig, (1988) \u201cThe Optical Kerr Effect in Small Metal Particles and Metal Colloids: The Case of Gold,\u201d Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 47(4), 347\u2013357.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Yin X J, Peng K, Hu A P, Zhou L P, Chen J H and Du Y W 2009 Preparation and characterization of core-shell structured Co\/SiO2 nanosphere Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 372-5 (11)<br \/>\r\n[15]. Lu X, Liang G, Sun Z and Zhang W 2005 Ferromagnetic Co\/SiO2 core\/shell structured nanoparticles prepared by a novel aqueous solution method Materials Science and Engineering: B 117 147-52 (12)<br \/>\r\n[16]. Anand C, Srinivasu P, Mane G P, Talapaneni S N, Benzigar M R, Vishnu Priya S, Al-deyab S S, Sugi Y and Vinu A Direct synthesis and characterization of highly ordered cobalt substituted KIT-5 with 3D nanocages for cyclohexene epoxidation Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 167 146-54, Volume 167, February 2013, Pages 146-154 .<br \/>\r\n[17]. Zhang X, Wei Z, Guo Q and Tian H, 1stJune 2013, Kinetics of sodium borohydride hydrolysis catalyzed via carbon nanosheets supported Zr\/Co Journal of Power Sources 231 190-6 .<br \/>\r\n[18]. Skumryev V, Stoyanov S, Zhang Y, Hadjipanayis G, Givord D and Nogues J, Beating the superparamagnetic limit with exchange bias, Nature Vol.423. No.9, June 2003, pp.850-853.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Caruso F, Nanoengineering of Particle Surfaces, Advanced Materials, 2001, Vol.13, No.1, pp.11-22.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Zhong C J, and Maye M M, Core\u2013Shell Assembled Nanoparticles as Catalysts Advanced Materials, 2001, Vol.13, No.19, pp.1507-1511.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Lyon J L, Fleming D A, Stone M B, Schiffer P, and Williams M E, Synthesis of Fe Oxide Core\/Au Shell Nanoparticles by Iterative Hydroxylamine Seeding, Nano Letters, 2004, Vol.4, No.4, pp.719-723.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Gupta P K, and Hung C T, Magnetically controlled targeted micro-carrier systems, Life Sciences, 1989, Vol.44, pp.175-186.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Chouly C, Pouliquen D, Lucet I, Jeune J J, and Jallet P, Development of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI: effect of particle size, charge and surface nature on biodistribution, Journal of Microencapsulation, 1996, Vol.13, pp.245-55.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Weissleder R, Bogdanov A, Neuwelt E A, and Papisov M, Long-circulating iron oxides for MR imaging, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1995, Vol.16, pp.321-334.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Mornet S, Lambert O, Duguet E, and Brisson A, The Formation of Supported Lipid Bilayers on Silica Nanoparticles Revealed by Cryoelectron Microscopy, Nano Letters, 2005, Vol.5, No.2, pp.281-285.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Finotelli P V, Morales M A, Rocha-Le\u00e3o M H, Baggio-Saitovitch E M, and Rossi A M, Magnetic studies of iron(III) nanoparticles in alginate polymer for drug delivery applications, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2004, Vol.24, pp.625-629.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Gu H, Xu K, Xu C, and Xu B, Biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles for protein separation and pathogen detection, Chemical Communications, 2006, pp.941-949.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Dobson J, Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, Drug Development Research, 2006, Vol.67, pp.55-60.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Bansmann J, Baker S H, Binns C, Blackman J A, Bucher J P, Dorantes-D\u00e1vila J, Dupuis V, Favre L, Kechrakos D, Kleibert A, Meiwes-Broer K H, Pastor G M, Perez A, Toulemonde O, Trohidou K N, Tuaillon J, and Xie Y, Magnetic and structural properties of isolated and assembled clusters, Surface Science Reports, 2005, Vol.56, pp.189-275.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Shukla R, Bansal V, Choudhury M, Basu A, Bhonde R R, and Sastry M, Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Endocytotic Fate Inside the Cellular Compartment: A Microscopic Overview, Longmuir, 2005, Vol.21, pp.10644-10654<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">J. Alimunnisa, K. Ravichandran and K. S. Meena &#8220;Synthesis, Characterization and Bio-Medical, Magnetic Data Storage and Environmental Applications of Co@SiO<sub>2<\/sub> Core\/Shell Nanoparticles&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.55-62 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/55-62.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/55-62.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/synthesis-characterization-and-bio-medical-magnetic-data-storage-and-environmental-applications-of-cosio2-core-shell-nanoparticles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Synthesis, Characterization and Bio-Medical, Magnetic Data Storage and Environmental Applications of Co@SiO<sub>2<\/sub> Core\/Shell Nanoparticles<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4eb8db elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4eb8db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 63-67<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ec6b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ec6b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ec82e\" data-id=\"c4ec82e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ec959 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4ec959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Friction stir welding, a solid state joining technique, is widely being used for joining Aluminium alloys for aerospace, marine, automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. Friction stir welding (FSW) can produce better mechanical properties in the weld zone compared to other conventional welding techniques. Later the best composition of the material will be selected from test results and this will be used as the main tool in friction stir welding. The material which is to be welded is also made up of same composition used in the tool. Friction stir welding (FSW) can produce better mechanical properties in the weld zone compared to other conventional welding techniques the tool serves primary functions: (a) heating of workpiece, (b) deform the material (c) movement of deform material to produce the joint. Scanning Electron Microscopy test has been performed to study the microstructure of the FSW produced by our tool. Friction stir welding can be widely applied in Aircrafts, rockets, automobiles, robotics, etc.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 63-67\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>P Ranjith Reddy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Y Rishwanth Reddy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M Sai Sreekar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B Rajashekar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudents, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G Sucharitha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600073, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Source: Internet<br \/>\r\n[2]. Lindroos.K.Y, Talvite.M.J, \u201cRecent Advances in Metal Matrix Composites\u201d. Journal Materials Processing Technology.53,PP, 273-284, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bakes H, Benjamin D, Kirkpatrick CW. Metals handbook, vol.2.Metals Park, OH: ASM; 1979. p. 3\u201323.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Maxwell Rejila C, Dinaharanb I, Vijay SJ, Muruganc N. Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of AA6360\/(TiC + B4C) hybrid surface composite layer synthesized by friction stir processing on aluminum substrate. Material Sci. Engg. A 2012;552:336\u201344.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Sadeesh P, Venkatesh Kannan M, Rajkumar V, AvinashP Studies on friction stir welding of AA 2024 and AA 6061 dissimilar Metals &#8211; 2014<br \/>\r\n[6]. Md. Reza-E-Rabby, Anthony P, Reynolds Effect of tool pin thread forms on friction stir weldability of different aluminum alloys &#8211; 2014<br \/>\r\n[7]. Venkatesha .B .N, M. S.BhagyashekarPreliminary Studies on Mecahnical and Metallurgical Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints -2014<br \/>\r\n[8]. Fabrizio Micari, Gianluca Buffa, S. Pellegrino Friction Stir Welding as an effective alternative technique for light structural alloys mixed joints- 2014<br \/>\r\n[9]. \u00c1kosMeilinger, ImreT\u00f6r\u00f6kThe Importance of Friction Stir Welding Tool &#8211; 2013<br \/>\r\n[10]. J.A. Schneider, A.C. Nunes Influence of processing parameters on the flow path infriction stir welding- 2016<br \/>\r\n[11]. Damjan, Ladislav, Toma\u017e, JanezMicrostructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AlMg4.5Mn Alloy \u2013 2012<br \/>\r\n[12]. Zhitong Chen, Shengxi Li, Lloyd H. HiharaMicrostructure, mechanical properties and corrosion of friction stir welded 6061 Aluminum Alloy &#8211; 2014<br \/>\r\n[13]. Amir Hossein Baghdadi, Nor Fazilah Mohamad Selamat, ZainuddinSajuri, Effect of tool offsetting on microstructure and mechanical properties dissimilar friction stir welded Mg-Al alloys -published in 2017.<br \/>\r\n[14]. BradRichards Microstructure-Property Correlations in Friction Stir Welded Al6061-T6 Alloys \u2013 a project report<br \/>\r\n[15]. Mervin A. Herbert, Arun Kumar Shettigar, Akshay V Nigalye and Shrikantha S. Rao Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061-4.5Cu- 10SiC composite- 2015<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">P Ranjith Reddy, Y Rishwanth Reddy, M Sai Sreekar, B Rajashekar, G Sucharitha &#8220;Experimental Study on Microstructure of Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.63-67 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/63-67.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/63-67.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experimental-study-on-microstructure-of-friction-stir-welding-of-aa6061\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Experimental Study on Microstructure of Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ed862 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4ed862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ed952 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ed952\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4edb0b\" data-id=\"c4edb0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4edc38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4edc38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4edcda elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4edcda\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ede78\" data-id=\"c4ede78\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4edfa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4edfa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Modal Analysis, Fatigue Analysis and Optimization of Pitman Arm Using FEM<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Pradeep B Patil, P. D. Darade, K. R. Jagtap, D. N. Korade &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 68-77<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ee03f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ee03f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ee1b3\" data-id=\"c4ee1b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ee2df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4ee2df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Steering system is used to steer the front wheels corresponding to the inputs provided by the driver in order to achieve overall directional control of the vehicle. Thus, in vehicle handling characteristics steering system plays very important role. The Pitman arm is a linkage attached to the steering box, sector shaft, that converts the angular motion of the sector shaft into the linear motion needed to steer the wheels. The Pitman arm is supported by the sector shaft on one side and on the other side to the drag link or center link with a ball joint. A performance study will be carried to analyze vibrational behavior and fatigue life of pitman arm using FEA tools. The structural optimization will be done on the pit man arm using Optistruct, changing the structure of pitman arm by removing the material from the surface where stress value is low. The meshing and boundary conditions will be applied using Hypermesh 12.0 and analysis will be carried out using ANSYS. The testing of Pitman arm is carried out for vibrational analysis and fatigue analysis and the result will be validated with the experimental results.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 68-77\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pradeep B Patil<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>P. D. Darade<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. R. Jagtap<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. N. Korade <\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1] Sijith PM, Prof. Shashank Gawade, Prof. S.S Kelkar \u201cCAE Analysis and Structural Optimization of Pitman Arm\u201d International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Vol. 5, Issue 6, June2016, ISSN: 2278-7798, pp.1901-1903.<br \/>\r\n[2] Vimal Rau Aparow, KhisbullahHudha, ZulkiffliAbdKadir, Megat Mohamad HamdanMegat Ahmad, and Shohaimi Abdullah \u201cModeling, Validation, and Control of ElectronicallyActuated Pitman Arm Steering for Armored Vehicle\u201d International Journal of Vehicular Technology, Volume 2016, Article ID 2175204, pp. 1-12<br \/>\r\n[3] Srilekha Aurulla , G. Gopala Krishna \u201cModeling and Analysis of Steering Lever Link of a Tractor\u201d IJIRSET Vol. 5, Issue 11, November 2016, pp. 19801-19808<br \/>\r\n[4] Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh, Mohammad Jafar Ostad-Ahmad-Ghorabi, Alireza Arghavan \u201cFatigue life prediction of package of suspension automotive under random vibration based on road roughness\u201d Mediterranean Journal of Model and Simulation ISSN 2335-1357 (2015) pp 037-050.<br \/>\r\n[5] Aniket Kolekar, Mr. Shubham R. Gound, Mr. Mahesh S. Ban \u201cDesign of Fixture for Manufacturing of Pitman Arm\u201d IRJET, Volume: 04, Issue: 05 May -2017, pp. 1714-1720<br \/>\r\n[6] Yuvraj N. Doke, Prof. Sameer M. Shaikh. \u201cDesign &amp; Analysis of Steering System Drag Link against Buckling Loads for Tipper Application\u201d Recent Trends in Mechanical Engineering -2016[IJIERT], ISSN: 2394-3696, pp. 1-7<br \/>\r\n[7] P.D. Darade, Bimlesh Kumar. \u201cEmploying Artificial Bee Colony In Mathematical Modeling Designing For Predicting Settling Time\u201d Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017), pp. 7554\u20137561<br \/>\r\n[8] P.D. Darade, Bimlesh Kumar. \u201cPredicting Minimized Settling Time Corresponding Piezo Localization Displacement and Velocity\u201d Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017), pp. 8469\u20138477<br \/>\r\n[9] Pradeep B Patil and P D Darade \u201cVibrational Analysis, Life Prediction and Optimization of Pitman Arm Using FEM.\u201d International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER), vol. 08, no. 05, 2018, pp. 18-23.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pradeep B Patil, P. D. Darade, K. R. Jagtap, D. N. Korade &#8220;Modal Analysis, Fatigue Analysis and Optimization of Pitman Arm Using FEM&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.68-77 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/68-77.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/68-77.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/modal-analysis-fatigue-analysis-and-optimization-of-pitman-arm-using-fem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Modal Analysis, Fatigue Analysis and Optimization of Pitman Arm Using FEM<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef0ed elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4ef0ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef20e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ef20e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef3ca\" data-id=\"c4ef3ca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ef532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef5e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ef5e9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef77c\" data-id=\"c4ef77c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef8ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ef8ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4ef98d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4ef98d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4efb10\" data-id=\"c4efb10\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4efc31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4efc31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Stability Analysis of Dual Motor Ball and Beam System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr. Lakshmanan, Dr. Kamatchi Kannan V &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 78-82<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4efce5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4efce5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4efe6d\" data-id=\"c4efe6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4eff9e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4eff9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The control of Dual Motor Ball and Beam (DMBB) system is proposed which is a best example for a non-linear system. In the DMBB system, the output (the ball position) increases without limit for a fixed input (beam angle). The DC servo motor connected to the each end of the beam through a gear mechanism is used to control the position of the ball on the beam. The open loop response of ball and beam system is unstable. The controller\u2019s job is to regulate the position of the ball on the beam by changing the angle of the beam. A controller is designed for this system so that the ball&#8217;s position can be manipulated. In this work, we have adopted a linear model and each motor\u2019s angular position is controlled by PD controller which is designed using root locus technique, while the ball position is controlled by an outer loop which is designed using Fuzzy logic controller. The control goal is to bring the ball to desired position on the beam and keep it there. In general, a cooperative control system comprises multiple dynamic entities that share information or tasks to accomplish a common objective.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 78-82\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Lakshmanan M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of EEE, GSSS Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Metagalli, Mysuru -570 016, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Kamatchi Kannan V<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of EEE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 402, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. M.Lakshmanan, Dr.R.Ganesan, \u201cDesign of controllers for Dual Motor Ball and Beam System\u201d, International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), Vol 8, No 4 (2014).<br \/>\r\n[2]. H. E. A. Ibrahim, Ahmed A. Hakim Mahmoud,\u201d DC Motor Control Using PID Controller Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm,\u201d International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO), Vol 7, No.1 (2014).<br \/>\r\n[3]. Dharmana Simhachalam, Chanchal Dey, Member, IEEE, and Rajani K. Mudi- &#8220;An Auto-Tuning PD Controller for DC Servo Position Control System&#8221;,2nd International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems,2012.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Wenzhuo Chen\uff0cXiaomei Sui\uff0c Yonghui Xing, Modeling and Modulation of Nonlinear Ball-beam System Controller Based on Matlab, 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2012).<br \/>\r\n[5]. Gunasekaran M, Potluri R, Cooperative control of a dual-motor ball and beam system, INDICON 2008. Annual IEEE- India Conference, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Jimenez S and Wen Yu, Stable synchronization control for two ball and beam systems, International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pages 290-293, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Sanda Dale, Toma-Leonida Dragomir &#8211; &#8220;Interpolative-type control solutions for a \u201cball and beam\u201d system&#8221;,control engineering and applied informatics,Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 3-14, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Wen Yu and Floriberto Ortiz, Stability analysis of pd regulation for ball and beam systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Control Applications, pages 517-522, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Ho, W.K., Hang, C.C. and Cao,L.S. \u2013 \u201cTuning of PID controllers based on gain and phase margin specifications\u201d, Automatica, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 497, 1995.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Hauser, J., Sastry, S. and Kokotovic, P., \u201cNonlinear control via approximate input-output linearization: The Ball and Beam example,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Automatic control, pp. 392-398, March 1992.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Richard C.Dorf, Robert H.Bishop, Modern Control Systems, Eighth edition, Pearson education, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Ogata.K. \u2013 \u201cModern Control Engineering\u201d, Prentice-Hall, 1990<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Lakshmanan, Dr. Kamatchi Kannan V &#8220;Stability Analysis of Dual Motor Ball and Beam System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp. 78-82 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/78-82.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/78-82.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/stability-analysis-of-dual-motor-ball-and-beam-system-using-fuzzy-logic-controller\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Stability Analysis of Dual Motor Ball and Beam System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f0e0a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4f0e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f0ee1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f0ee1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f107f\" data-id=\"c4f107f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f11ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f11ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1253 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f1253\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f13ad\" data-id=\"c4f13ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f14df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f14df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1585 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f1585\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f16e6\" data-id=\"c4f16e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f17f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f17f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f18af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f18af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1a2b\" data-id=\"c4f1a2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1b3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f1b3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide and Short E-Glass Fiber Reinforced with Aluminium 2014 for Aircraft Application<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Hannan Pasha, Dr N.G.S Udupa, Dr Shantharaja.M &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 83-87<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f1bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1d4f\" data-id=\"c4f1d4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f1e83 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4f1e83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Now a days the aluminium metal matrix composites are enormously used in application of aircraft wheel rim material, aerospace, transport application. In this present work to study the effort is made to enhance the tensile strength of AMCs by reinforcing, AA 2014 matrix with both B4C(2%,4%,6%,8%) and short E-glass fiber (2%,4%,6%,8%) of varying Proportion by stir casting technique and hybrid composites are fabricated. The microstructure, hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the fabricated AMCs were analyzed. The SEM was studied to know the homogeneous dispersion of B4C particles and Short E-glass fiber in the composite. In this present investigated has been done to study the effect of each process parameter such as composition (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%), stirring speed (300, 320, 340, and 360 rpm) and stirring temperature (700, 750, 800 and 850oC). Fabricated the different specimens of hybrid composite material using stir casting technique and each parameter has four levels, L16 orthogonal array used to made different specimen. The effect of this input response or input parameter on the output response or output parameters has been analyzed by using design of experiment by taguchi technique (MINITAB17). Based on the results obtained from tensile and hardness test of the hybrid composites it is observed that, the ultimate tensile increases as the increase in the amount of both B4Cand short E-glass fibers up to( 4% ) after that the addition of both B4C and short E-glass fiber is not much changes in UTS. If the addition of both B4C and short E-glass fiber increases thus hardness also gradually increases. The results are reveal that the composition, stirring speed, stirring temperature of hybrid composite material have a significantly effect on the ultimate tensile strength, hardness and ductility.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 83-87\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 September 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hannan Pasha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering \/Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr N.G.S Udupa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering \/Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Shantharaja.M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering\/ UVCE, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. G. Kosec, g. Kovai, j. Hodoli, b. Kosec. \u201cCracking of an aircraft wheel rim made from al-alloy 2014-T6\u201d. METABK 49(4) 357-360 (2010) 4,357-360,ISSN 0543-5846<br \/>\r\n[2]. Chia-Lung Chang, Shao-Huei Yang, \u201cSimulation of wheel impact test using finite element method\u201d, ELSEVIER, Engineering failure analysis 16 (2009) 1711-1719<br \/>\r\n[3]. R.Sadeler and M.Ocal, \u201cInfluence of relative slip on fretting fatigue behavior of 2014 aluminium alloy with the age- hardened conditions T4 and T6\u201d, Vol 18, No.2 (2012) pp 273-277<br \/>\r\n[4]. Sebastian Heimbs, Holger Lang, Tamas Haver, \u201cHigh velocity impact on composite link of aircraft wing flap mechanism\u201d, cent. Eur. I. Eng 2(4), 2012,483-495<br \/>\r\n[5]. Bhargavi Rebba, N.Ramanaiah, \u201cstudies on mechanical properties of 2024 Al-B4c composite\u201d, Advanced materials manufacturing and characterization, Vol 4, issue 1(2014)<br \/>\r\n[6]. Kartnik Raj.K.V, M.H.Annaiah, Manjunatha.B, Davis P Skariash, Harendra Kumar H.V, \u201cDry sliding wear behavior of heat treatment A2014 reinforced with graphite\u201d, International journal of innovative research in science , engineering and technology, Vol 2, Issue , may(2013) ISSN:2316-8753<br \/>\r\n[7]. S.Rama rao, G. Padmanabhan, \u201cFabrication and mechanical properties of aluminium-boron carbide composite\u201d, International journal of material and biomaterials application, 2012,2(3):15-18, ISSN 2249-9679<br \/>\r\n[8]. Raja T, Sahu O.P, \u201cEffect on microstructure and harness of Al-B4c metal matrix composite fabrication through power metallurgy\u201d, international journal of mechanical engineering, Vol 1(1), march(2014), pp 001-005<br \/>\r\n[9]. N.Senthilkumar, T.Tamizharasan, M.Anbarasan, \u201cMechanical characterization and tribological behavior of Al-Gr-b4c metal matrix composite prepare-d by stir casting technique\u201d, journal of advanced engineering research, Vol .Issue , pp 48-59<br \/>\r\n[10]. Lakhvir Singh, Baljinder Ram, Amandeep Singh, \u201c Optimization of process parameter for stir casted aluminium metal matrix composite using Taguchi method\u201d, international journal of research in engineering and technology\u201d, Vol 02,issue 08, Aug 2013, pISSN: 2321-7308<br \/>\r\n[11]. V.C.Uvataju, N. Natarajan, \u201cOptimization of friction and wear behavior in hybrid metal matrix composite using taguchi technique\u201d, journal of minerals and material characterization and engineering\u201d, Aug 2012,11, 757-768<br \/>\r\n[12]. ASM Aerospace Specification metal Inc, ASM Material Data Sheet, 800 398-4345<br \/>\r\n[13]. E, R, D glass properties technical data sheet by Saint-Gobian Vetroxtex, Bichorouxstrasse 61, D-52134, Herzogenrath, Germany(03\/2002)<br \/>\r\n[14]. Dale H. Besterfield , Carol Besterfield-Michna, Glen H. Besterfield, Mary Besterfield-Sacre \u201cTotal Quality Management\u201d Third Edition, PEARSON publication(2003), pp 533-628.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Author. K. Kaw \u201c Mechanics of composite materials\u201d Second Edition by Taylor and Francis, (2009),pp 01-59<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hannan Pasha, Dr N.G.S Udupa, Dr Shantharaja.M &#8220;Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide and Short E-Glass Fiber Reinforced with Aluminium 2014 for Aircraft Application&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.83-87 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/83-87.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/83-87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-mechanical-properties-of-boron-carbide-and-short-e-glass-fiber-reinforced-with-aluminium-2014-for-aircraft-application\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Boron Carbide and Short E-Glass Fiber Reinforced with Aluminium 2014 for Aircraft Application<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f2c96 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4f2c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f2d84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f2d84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f2efd\" data-id=\"c4f2efd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f303b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f303b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f30dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f30dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f323f\" data-id=\"c4f323f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f3350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f33f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f33f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f354c\" data-id=\"c4f354c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3657 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f3657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f36ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f36ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3855\" data-id=\"c4f3855\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f396b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4f396b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Demonetisation on Selected Stocks of Real Estate Sector<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Smitha V Shenoy, Akshay Nayak &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 88-95<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3a05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4f3a05\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3b80\" data-id=\"c4f3b80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f3caf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c4f3caf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Real Estate sector is one of the most sensitive sectors of an economy that reflects the economic policy changes. The tax reforms, demonetization, interest rate cuts or volatility in stock markets, all have affected the real estate sector. Both the common man or upper class of this country are affected by changes in real estate sector, as they are parking centre for excess funds for all.<br \/>\r\nThis study is an empirical research of the impact of Demonetization on the stocks of Indian Real estate sector. The Objectives of the study were (1) To analyse selected Reality sector stock returns pre and post demonetisation and (2) To analyse Reality Index Returns pre and post demonetisation. 6 of the top real estate companies of 2017 were considered for the study. The selected companies were DLF, Oberoi Realty, Prestige Estates, Godrej Properties, HDIL and Sobha. The share prices of Companies were taken from BSE Website. The period from October 2015 to November 2016, was considered as pre demonetisation period. The period from October 2016 to November 2017 was considered as post demonetisation period.<br \/>\r\nOut of the 6 companies analysed, the stock prices of 5 companies have increased after Demonetisation. This implies that demonetisation had a positive impact on reality sector stocks. The Reality Index returns have increased in one year period after demonetisation, compared to a one year period before demonetisation.<br \/>\r\nThe involvement of black money and cash transaction in real estate sector was considerable. The passing of RERA (Real Estate Regulation and Development Act 2016), the Benami Transactions Act and now the demonetization will ensure that going forward will become more transparent and will definitely lose its historic taint. These regulations would also prevent investors from getting cheated and buy properties of their choice at affordable prices, the place where they want to and the timely possession will also be assured.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 88-95\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Smitha V Shenoy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor \u2013 MBA, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akshay Nayak<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThomson Reuters, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Dr. Jonardankoner, Arnab Chabiri, Nikhil Agrawal, Rakhiphophalia, Angel Roy, \u201cImpact of Demonetization on Real Estate Market in India\u201d, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 2018, e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668, PP 22-35<br \/>\r\n[2]. Sanjeev Kumar Singh, \u201cA study of impact of demonetisation on real-estate\u201d, 3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Technology, science and Management (IETE),June 2017, ISBN: 978-93-86171-48-1<br \/>\r\n[3]. T.Sridevi, Pragyan Parimita Sarangi, \u201cDemonetisation Policy: Its impact on the Real Estate Sector\u201d, International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science (IJLTEMAS), Volume VI, Issue VII, July 2017 | ISSN 2278-2540<br \/>\r\n[4]. https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/wealth\/real-estate\/think-demonetisation-hit-real-estate-sector-rbi-data-tells-a-different-story\/articleshow\/58276701.cms<br \/>\r\n[5]. https:\/\/www.indiabullshomeloans.com\/blog\/the-impact-of-demonetization-on-real-estate-in-india\/ December 22, 2016<br \/>\r\n[6]. https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/business-others\/real-estate-demonetisation-measuring-the-impact-4473331\/<br \/>\r\n[7]. https:\/\/www.bloombergquint.com\/opinion\/2017\/11\/07\/demonetisation-and-digitisation-every-picture-tells-a-story#gs.tJsoNDs<br \/>\r\n[8]. https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/business\/insight-2017-post-demonetisation-the-spotlights-on-vijay-shekhar-sharma-and-paytm-3181296.html<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Smitha V Shenoy, Akshay Nayak &#8220;Impact of Demonetisation on Selected Stocks of Real Estate Sector&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.88-95 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/88-95.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/88-95.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-demonetisation-on-selected-stocks-of-real-estate-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Impact of Demonetisation on Selected Stocks of Real Estate Sector<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5008d5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c5008d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5009b8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5009b8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c500b66\" data-id=\"c500b66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c500ca7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c500ca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Modelling and Analysis of Off-Road Rally Vehicle using Adams Car<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shreyas B N, Kiran M D &#8211; September 2018 Page No.: 96-107<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c500d4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c500d4d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c500ebc\" data-id=\"c500ebc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c500fe6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c500fe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper discusses the modelling of a virtual prototype of the suspension and steering sub systems of a physical rally vehicle available on campus. Upon modelling the front and rear suspensions and the steering on Adams Car, the created model is tested for its correctness using Half Vehicle analysis like K and C analysis, and full car analysis like CRC and Maintain Analysis. Furthermore, the front lower control arm is made flexible to see the stresses acting on it to investigate its reason for failure in the actual prototype.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Page(s): 96-107\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shreyas B N<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, B.M.S Institute of Technology and Management, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kiran M D<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, B.M.S Institute of Technology and Management, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1] Samuel Joseph (2013), Design and Development of Steering and Suspension System of a Concept Car.<br \/>\r\n[2] Thomas D. Gillespie (1992), Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers Inc.<br \/>\r\n[3] Richard Stone and Geoffrey K. Ball (2004), Automotive Engineering Fundamentals, SAE International.<br \/>\r\n[4] Shaopu Yang, Yongjie Lu and Shaohua Li (2013), An overview on vehicle dynamics, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.<br \/>\r\n[5] Emre Sert and P\u0131nar Boyraz (2017), Optimization of Suspension System and Sensitivity Analysis forImprovement of Stability in a Midsize Heavy Vehicle, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal.<br \/>\r\n[6] Anoop M. Vasudevan and Jithin Bhaskar, A study on the Handling Characteristics of a Car during Cornering with Variation in Wheel Geometry Parameters, VIT University, Vellore.<br \/>\r\n[7] Sarel F. van der Westhuizen, Pieter S. Els (2012), Slow active suspension control for rollover prevention, Journal of Terramechanics.<br \/>\r\n[8] N. Ikhsan, R.Ramli and A. Alias (2015), Analysis of the kinematics and compliance of a passive suspension system using Adams Car, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shreyas B N, Kiran M D &#8220;Modelling and Analysis of Off-Road Rally Vehicle using Adams Car&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.96-107 September 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/96-107.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/96-107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/modelling-and-analysis-of-off-road-rally-vehicle-using-adams-car\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Modelling and Analysis of Off-Road Rally Vehicle using Adams Car<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c501da6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c501da6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c501e88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c501e88\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c502002\" data-id=\"c502002\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c502133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c502133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5021d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5021d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c50233f\" data-id=\"c50233f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c50245d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c50245d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development and Validation of Hypersonic Engine Inlet Design Code<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Phyo Wai Thaw, Zin Win Thu &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 108-115<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5024fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5024fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c50266f\" data-id=\"c50266f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c50278d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c50278d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper describes the numerical investigation of scramjet inlet and validation through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The scramjet inlet design (SID) program was also developed and used to design a new scramjet inlet geometry which satisfies shock-on-lip (SOL) condition at Mach 3. This inlet design was further tested by means of CFD and the inviscid data showed that it meets SOL condition and reached the required pressure at the isolator exit to get good burning.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 108-115\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Phyo Wai Thaw<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Propulsion and Flight Vehicles, Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University, Meiktila, Mandalay Region, Myanmar<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zin Win Thu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Propulsion and Flight Vehicles, Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University, Meiktila, Mandalay Region, Myanmar<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Michael K. Smart, \u201cScramjet inlets,\u201d Centre for Hypersonics, The University of Queensland Brisbane 4071, Australia, September 2010.<br \/>\r\n[2] Fry, Ronald S. \u201cA Century of Ramjet Propulsion Technology Evolution,\u201dJournal of Propulsion and Power, Volume 20, No. 1, January-February 2004: 27-58.<br \/>\r\n[3] \u201cHyShot Program Secures Place in Flight History.\u201d The University of Queensland in Australia. 16 Aug. 2002.<br \/>\r\n[4] Thompson, Elvia, Keith Henry, and Leslie Williams. \u201cFaster Than a Speeding Bullet: Guinness Recognizes NASA Scramjet.\u201d NASA. 20 June 2005.<br \/>\r\n[5] Anderson, John D., Jr., \u201cFundamentals of Aerodynamics,\u201d 5thEdition, the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, New York, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[6] David M. Van Wie, Stephen M. D\u2019Alessio, and Michael E. WhiteJ, \u201cHypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion,\u201dJohns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Volume 26, Number 4, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[7] Kristen Nicole Roberts, \u201cAnalysis and Design of a Hypersonic Scramjet Engine with a Starting MachNumber of 4.00,\u201d August 2008.<br \/>\r\n[8] Jason Paur, \u201cHypersonic Successor to Legendary SR-71 Blackbird Spy Plane Unveiled,\u201dWired, 1 November 2013.<br \/>\r\n[9] Corin Segal, \u201cThe Scramjet Engine: Processes and Characteristics,\u201d Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[10] D. M. Van Wie, M. E. White, and G. P. Corpening, \u201cNASP (National Aero Space Plane) Inlet Design And Testing Issues,\u201d Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Volume 11, Numbers 3 and 4, 1990.<br \/>\r\n[11] Luu Hong Quan, Nguyen Phu Hung, Le Doan Quang, Vu Ngoc Long,\u201cAnalysis and Design of a Scramjet Engine Inlet Operating from Mach 5 to Mach 10,\u201dInternational Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2016, pp. 11-23.<br \/>\r\n[12] Augusto F. Moura, Maur\u00edcio A. P. Rosa, \u201cA Numerical Investigation of Scramjet Engine Air Intakes for the 14-X Hypersonic Vehicle\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[13] Anderson, John D., Jr., \u201cModern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective,\u201d 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[14] Azam CheIdris, Mohd Rashdan Saad, Hossein Zare-Behtash, Konstantinos Kontis, \u201cLuminescent Measurement Systems for the Investigation of a Scramjet Inlet-Isolator,\u201d 9 April 2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Phyo Wai Thaw, Zin Win Thu &#8220;Development and Validation of Hypersonic Engine Inlet Design Code&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp.108-115 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/108-115.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/108-115.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-and-validation-of-hypersonic-engine-inlet-design-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Development and Validation of Hypersonic Engine Inlet Design Code<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c503546 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c503546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c503618 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c503618\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c503789\" data-id=\"c503789\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5038a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5038a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c503940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c503940\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c503a96\" data-id=\"c503a96\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c503ba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c503ba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c503c47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c503c47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c503da9\" data-id=\"c503da9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c503eb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c503eb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prospective Avenues of Continuous Formative Assessments for Facilitating Outcome Based Education in Kerala: A Comparative Study<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bruce Mathew, T. Gnana Sambanthan &#8211; September 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 116-120<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c503f4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c503f4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5040c1\" data-id=\"c5040c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5041e2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c5041e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2061\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2061\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Formative assessments are an integral part in outcome based education. There is no single specified style of assessment in OBE. In this paper, we try to compare the components of OBE followed in the curriculum of MCA in kerala state in India with some of the developing countries.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 116-120\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2062\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2062\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bruce Mathew<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, Dept. of CSE, NITTTR, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>T. Gnana Sambanthan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProf. &#038; Head, Dept of CSE, NITTTR, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2063\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2063\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tHaidar M. Harmanani, (2017), \u201cAn Outcome Based Assessment Process for Accreditating Computing Programmes\u201d, European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 42, No. 6, 2017, pp:844-859.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tMpepo, C. C, (1998),\u201cCriterion Referenced Instruction, as a Form of Mastery Learning\u201d, Educamus, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1998, pp:8-9.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tShamsulMuhamad,ZarinaTukiran, RafizahMohdHanifa, Afandi Ahmad, MohamadMdSom(2012), \u201cAn Evaluation of Assessment Tools in Outcome-based Education: A Way Forward\u201d, 2012, pp:336-343.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSharma, B.A.V, (1988),\u201cResearch Methods in Social Sciences\u201d, S. Chand &#038; Co. New Delhi, India, 1988.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tSpady, William, G, (1994), \u201cOutcome Based Education. Critical Issues and Answers\u201d, American Association of School Administrators, Arington, 1994.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tSPT Malan, (2000), \u201cThe \u2018New Paradigm\u2019 of Outcome Based Education in Perspective\u201d, 2000,<br \/>\r\npp:22-28.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tVan der Horst, and McDonald, R, (1997), \u201cOBE. A Teacher\u2019s Manual\u201d, Pretoria, Kagiso, 1997, pp:10-11.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2064\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2064\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bruce Mathew, T. Gnana Sambanthan &#8220;Prospective Avenues of Continuous Formative Assessments for Facilitating Outcome Based Education in Kerala: A Comparative Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 9, pp. 116-120 September 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/116-120.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2065\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2065\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-9\/116-120.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2066\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2066\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prospective-avenues-of-continuous-formative-assessments-for-facilitating-outcome-based-education-in-kerala-a-comparative-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Prospective Avenues of Continuous Formative Assessments for Facilitating Outcome Based Education in Kerala: A Comparative Study<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c505017 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c505017\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c505117 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c505117\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5052b2\" data-id=\"c5052b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c505428 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c505428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c5054ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c5054ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c505675\" data-id=\"c505675\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5057df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5057df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Thermal Performance Improvement of Single Cylinder IC Engine Roshan Kumar Nirala, Pushpendra Kumar Jain &#8211; September 2018 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1652,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2347","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2347\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}