{"id":2392,"date":"2018-10-13T18:04:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-13T18:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2392"},"modified":"2018-11-15T14:03:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T14:03:57","slug":"volume-v-issue-x","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-v-issue-x\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue X"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2392\" class=\"elementor elementor-2392 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c101a4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c101a4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c101d92\" data-id=\"c101d92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c102038 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c102038\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Plan and Execution of Solar Charge Controller with MPPT Algorithm Utilizing Arduino<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R. Ganesan, C. Karuppasamy, S. Saravanan &#8211; October 2018 Page No.: 01-06<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c102567 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c102567\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c102831\" data-id=\"c102831\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c102a09 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c102a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In an increasing energy demand, it is need to come up with innovative solutions to reduce and conserve energy use. The light and temperature are not steady for a PV board, along these lines the power ages of the PV board isn&#8217;t steady. So the most Maximum power point Tracking (MPPT) systems are utilized to give the most noteworthy capacity to the heaps or batteries. The MPPT procedure with Perturb and Observe technique is performed with a power electronic circuit and it beats the issue of voltage confuses between the PV boards and the batteries\/loads. In this an Arduino UNO (microcontroller) is employed to develop battery charge control system for PV panels. The proposed system is composed of an Arduino UNO, sensors, synchronous buck converter, PV panel and battery. MPPT is a strategy for extricating greatest power from PV module and furthermore to shield the battery from cheating. MPPT charge controller serves two main purpose battery protection and energy metering. This paper provides details of maximum power point tracking solar charge controller device and dc energy-meter.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-06\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R. Ganesan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor\/EEE, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C. Karuppasamy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor\/EEE, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. Saravanan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor\/EEE, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Chaudhary DS, Pawan DK (2013) A Study of Efficient Maximum Power PointTracking Controlling Methods for Photovoltaic System. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3: 215-219.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Digrawal A (2013) Simulation Study of Photovoltaic System with MPPT Algorithms. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 4: 227-229.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Sengar S (2014) Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Photovoltaic System. International Review of Applied Engineering Research 4: 147-154.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Chetan SS (2013) Solar Photovoltaic Technology and Systems: A Manual for Technicians, Trainers and Engineers. (2ndedn), PHI Learning Pvt Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Mukund RP (1999) Wind and Solar Power Systems: Design, Analysis, and Operation. (2ndedn), CRC Press Taylor &amp; Francis Group.<br \/>\r\n[6]. R.Ganesan, S.Ramesh &#8220;Extended Literature Review of Automatic Generation Controller&#8221; International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science-IJLTEMAS vol.7 issue 8, August 2018, pp.131-135<br \/>\r\n[7]. Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal, \u201cMaximum Power Point TrackingScheme for PV Systems Operating UnderPartially Shaded Conditions\u201d, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 1689-1698, April 2008.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Her-TergYau, Q\u0131n-Cheng L\u0131ang and Ch\u0131n-Tsung Hs\u0131eh, \u201cMaximumpower point tracking and optimal Li-ionbattery charging control for photovoltaic charging system\u201d, Comput. Math. Appl., vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 822-832,September 2012.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Yeong-ChauKuo, Tsorng-Juu L\u0131ang and J\u0131ann-Fuh Chen, \u201cNovel maximum-power-point-tracking controller forphotovoltaic energy conversion system\u201d, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 594-601, August 2002.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Johan H. R. Enslin, Mar\u0131a S. Wolf, Dan\u0131el B. Snyam and WernherSw\u0131egers, \u201cIntegrated photovoltaic maximum power point tracking converter\u201d, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 172-178, August 2002.<br \/>\r\n[11]. T. Esram and P. L. Chapman, \u201cComparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques\u201d, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 17-22, May 2007.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Mazen M. Abu-Khader, Omar O. Badran and Salah Abdallah, \u201cEvaluating multi-axes sun-tracking system atdifferent modes of operation in Jordan\u201d, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 864-873, April2008.<br \/>\r\n[13]. D. P. Hohm and M. E. Ropp, \u201cComparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms\u201d, Prog.Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2003, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 47-62, November 2002.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Azadeh Safari and SaadMekhilef, \u201cSimulation and Hardware Implementation of Incremental ConductanceMPPT with Direct Control Method using CUK Converter\u201d, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, No. 4, pp.1154-1161. Vol. 58, No. 4, April 2010.<br \/>\r\n[15]. S.Saravanan and M.MarsalineBeno, Review on Bio-Inspired Algorithms Based Optimization of Switching Angle for Selective Harmonic Elimination in Multilevel Inverters (April 6, 2018). Proceedings of International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability, St.Xavier&#8217;s Catholic College of Engineering, TamilNadu, India. 5th to 7th April, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[16]. S. Sugankumar, C. Yuvaraj, S. Saravanan, &#8220;Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique in Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor&#8221;, CiiT journal of Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, Vol 3, No 11 (2011), Pg. 621-625, ISSN: 0974 \u2013 9624.<br \/>\r\n[17]. S. S. Dheeban, V. Kamaraj, &#8220;Grid Integration of 10kW Solar Panel&#8221;, 2016 3rd International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems, pp. 257-266, 2016.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">R. Ganesan, C. Karuppasamy, S. Saravanan &#8220;Plan and Execution of Solar Charge Controller with MPPT Algorithm Utilizing Arduino&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.01-06 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/01-06.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/01-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/plan-and-execution-of-solar-charge-controller-with-mppt-algorithm-utilizing-arduino\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plan and Execution of Solar Charge Controller with MPPT Algorithm Utilizing Arduino<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1048d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1048d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c104a7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c104a7c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c104d3d\" data-id=\"c104d3d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c104f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c104f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c105075 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c105075\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10531a\" data-id=\"c10531a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c105523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c105523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Stock Market Return, Volatility and the role of Investor Sentiments (A Case Study on Pakistan Stock Exchange)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Waqar Ahmed &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 07-16<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10564e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10564e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c105913\" data-id=\"c105913\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c105b41 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c105b41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was conducted on Pakistan stock market to find out the stock market return, volatility and the role of investors sentiments on it. Markets sentiments are inclusive thoughts of investors in the direction of a specific security\/stock. Stock Market Volatility is a frequency by which the prices of a security increases or decreases for a specified sets of returns. Stock market return is a gain on an investment. The aim of the study was to find the relationship amongst stock market return and volatility on Pakistan stock exchange. Different market proxies are used to examine the investor sentiments like Stock traded volume, First day return on IPOs, Dividend Premium, Mutual Funds Flow, and Close Ends Funds Discount, Margin Borrowings, Stock Turnover Ratio. The data was collected from the Pakistan stocks exchange, National Clearing Company of the Pakistan, Central Depository Company. Investor sentiments used as an independent variable and stocks market volatility used as a dependent variable.<br \/>\r\nArch regression model used to examines the association among dependent (Stocks Market Volatility) and Independent variable (Investors sentiments). Arch regression model effect that it is good fit to our research model, and according to results show that Stock Traded Volume Negative and insignificant relationship with volatility, First day return on IPO have positive but insignificant relationship with stock market volatility; Dividend Premium has positive and significant relation with stock market volatility, Margin Funds Flow have positive and significant impact on stock market volatility, Closed end Funds Discount has positive but insignificant effect on stock market volatility, Margin Borrowings have negative and insignificant impact on stock market volatility, Stock Turnover Ratio have positive and significant relationship with stock market volatility.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 07-16\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Waqar Ahmed <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Commerce &amp; Accountancy, Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Baele, L., Bekaert, G., &amp; Inghelbrecht, K. (2010). The determinants of stock and bond return comovements. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(6), 2374-2428.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Baker, M., &amp; Wurgler, J. (2006). Investor sentiment and the cross\u2010section of stock returns. The Journal of Finance, 61(4), 1645-1680.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Baker, M., &amp; Wurgler, J. (2007). Investor sentiment in the stock market. Journal of economic perspectives, 21(2), 129-152.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Baker, M., Wurgler, J., &amp; Yuan, Y. (2012). Global, local, and contagious investor sentiment. Journal of Financial Economics, 104(2), 272-287.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Brown, G. W. (1999). Volatility, sentiment, and noise traders. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(2), 82-90.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Brown, G. W., &amp; Cliff, M. T. (2004). Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market. Journal of empirical finance, 11(1), 1-27.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Chi, L., Zhuang, X., &amp; Song, D. (2012). Investor sentiment in the Chinese stock market: an empirical analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 19(4), 345-348.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Finter, P., Niessen-Ruenzi, A., &amp; Ruenzi, S. (2012). The impact of investor sentiment on the German stock market. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Betriebswirtschaft, 82(2), 133-163.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Glaser, M., Schmitz, P., &amp; Weber, M. (2009). Individual Investor Sentiment and Stock Returns-What Do We Learn from Warrant Traders? Available at SSRN 923526.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Henderson, B. J., Jegadeesh, N., &amp; Weisbach, M. S. (2006). World markets for raising new capital. Journal of Financial Economics, 82(1), 63-101.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Ho, C., &amp; Hung, C.-H. (2009). Investor sentiment as conditioning information in asset pricing. Journal of banking &amp; Finance, 33(5), 892-903.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Kling, G., &amp; Gao, L. (2008). Chinese institutional investors\u2019 sentiment. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 18(4), 374-387.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Kumar, A., &amp; Lee, C. (2006). Retail investor sentiment and return comovements. The Journal of Finance, 61(5), 2451-2486.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Lee, K. (2008). Opportunities for green marketing: young consumers. Marketing Intelligence &amp; Planning, 26(6), 573-586.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Lee, W. Y., Jiang, C. X., &amp; Indro, D. C. (2002). Stock market volatility, excess returns, and the role of investor sentiment. Journal of banking &amp; Finance, 26(12), 2277-2299.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Neal, R., &amp; Wheatley, S. M. (1998). Do measures of investor sentiment predict returns? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 33(4), 523-547.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Schmeling, M. (2009). Investor sentiment and stock returns: Some international evidence. Journal of empirical finance, 16(3), 394-408.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Simon, D. P., &amp; Wiggins III, R. A. (1999). Stock returns and sentiment indicators: Working Paper, Bentley College.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Verma, R., &amp; Soydemir, G. (2009). The impact of individual and institutional investor sentiment on the market price of risk. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 49(3), 1129-1145.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Yang, A. S., &amp; Wu, M.-L. (2011). Exploring the relationship between investor sentiment and price volatility. Quantitative Finance, 11(6), 955-965.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Yu, J., &amp; Yuan, Y. (2011). Investor sentiment and the mean\u2013variance relation. Journal of Financial Economics, 100(2), 367-381.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Waqar Ahmed &#8220;Stock Market Return, Volatility and the role of Investor Sentiments (A Case Study on Pakistan Stock Exchange)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.07-16 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/07-16.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/07-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/stock-market-return-volatility-and-the-role-of-investor-sentiments-a-case-study-on-pakistan-stock-exchange\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Stock Market Return, Volatility and the role of Investor Sentiments (A Case Study on Pakistan Stock Exchange)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c106ce0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c106ce0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c106db3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c106db3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c106f37\" data-id=\"c106f37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10705e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c10705e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1070fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1070fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c107265\" data-id=\"c107265\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c107375 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c107375\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10741d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10741d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c107586\" data-id=\"c107586\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1076ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1076ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Work Stress on Employee Commitment and Academic Performance of School Teachers<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Fr. Jojo Kurian- October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 17-19<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10774a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10774a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1078bd\" data-id=\"c1078bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1079d7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1079d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In general parlance, the teaching job is considered to be relatively easier in comparison to other jobs due to certain benefits like less working hours and less killing targets etc. The present article focuses on various aspects of stress in teaching job like salary, work environment, student behaviour and work relations etc causing stress to teachers, and the impact of this stress on teacher\u2019s commitment towards the organization and on their performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 17-19\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fr. Jojo Kurian<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nManagement, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. \u201cTeacher Burnout in Public School\u201d by Anthony Gary Dworkin SUNY Press, 1987<br \/>\r\n[2]. Occupational Health Psychology: The Challenges of Workplace Stress\u201d by Cooper, Travers, Schabracg and Maanen, Wiley Publication 1991<br \/>\r\n[3]. \u201cInternational Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology\u201d by Cooper and Roberstson. Wiley, 2004<br \/>\r\n[4]. \u201cOccupational Stress and Coping Strategies\u201d by G Kavitha. Discovery, 2009<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fr. Jojo Kurian &#8220;The Impact of Work Stress on Employee Commitment and Academic Performance of School Teachers&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp. 17-19 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/17-19.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/17-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-work-stress-on-employee-commitment-and-academic-performance-of-school-teachers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Impact of Work Stress on Employee Commitment and Academic Performance of School Teachers<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c108c99 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c108c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c108d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c108d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c108f2e\" data-id=\"c108f2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c109061 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c109061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c109126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c109126\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1092c0\" data-id=\"c1092c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1093e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1093e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence de la Technologie Internet sur la Socialisation des Adolescents \u00e0 Cotonou (R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Victorin Vidjannagni GBENOU &#8211; October 2018 Page No.: 20-29<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10948b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10948b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10a82e\" data-id=\"c10a82e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10a9b1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c10a9b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Internet is a new technology that fits in recent years a social and family changing. He claims the socialization function of the individual as well as family and school, and found a wide audience among teenagers. But excess usages affect family relationships. The problem addressed by this study, the education of children to ICT development is related to the use made of the Internet teenagers. Approach methodological to carry out this reflection, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on semi-structured interviews, information was collected from some parents and teenagers in the city of Cotonou. The analysis is based on Weber&#8217;s theory of social interaction. The study fits this theory in that it provides insight into the perceptions and motivations of teens use the Internet as a primary tool for information and communication, and explain its role in the evolution of classical model of education. Thus, we can learn from the analysis that the Internet is transforming the social world of teenagers through its influence on the way they communicate, establish and maintain relationships with others. They have a positive perception, and tend to use it more to socialize, learn about different topics that fun. The Internet is now part of the socialization process among peers and participates in the construction of the identity of the young. The traditional educational model is modified by its use. Parents see their role as educators weakened, and the relationship between children and teachers have been changed. However, it cannot be considered to have a significant impact on family relationships. The Internet is also a source of danger which should protect teenagers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 20-29\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Victorin Vidjannagni GBENOU<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMa\u00eetre assistant, D\u00e9partement de Sociologie-Anthropologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Abomey-Calavi<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adanl\u00e9, W. G. (2009). Etude empirique des d\u00e9terminants de l\u2019adoption de l\u2019Internet au B\u00e9nin par les individus, M\u00e9moire de ma\u00eetrise en sciences \u00e9conomiques, FASEG, UAC, 96 p.<br \/>\r\n[2] Akoun, A. et Ansart, P. (1999). Dictionnaire de sociologie, Le Robert, Paris : Seuil.<br \/>\r\n[3] ARCEP-BENIN (2017). Rapport annuel d\u2019activit\u00e9s, Cotonou, 85 p.<br \/>\r\n[4] ATRPT (2014). Analyse de la tendance du secteur des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications au B\u00e9nin, Cotonou, ATRPT\/SE\/DAEP\/2014, 8 p.<br \/>\r\n[5] Attewell, P., Suazo-Garcia, B. et Battle, J. (2003). Computers and Young Children : Social Benefit or Social Problem, Social Forces, 82 :1, September.<br \/>\r\n[6] Audic, P. (2013). Mutations soci\u00e9tales : la transition num\u00e9rique. Rapport au Conseil \u00e9conomique, social et environnemental des pays de la Loire, Nantes m\u00e9tropole, 28 p.<br \/>\r\n[7] Balleys, C. (2017). Socialisation adolescente et usages du num\u00e9rique. Revue de litt\u00e9rature, Rapport d\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019INJEP, Paris, 65 p.<br \/>\r\n[8] Berge, M. et Garcia, V. (2009). Les effets des technologies Internet sur les relations entre les parents et les adolescents dans les familles qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises, Universit\u00e9 Laval, D\u00e9partement de sociologie, 93 p.<br \/>\r\n[9] Beuscart, J.-S., Dagiral, E., Parasie, S. (2016). Sociologie d\u2019internet &#8211; introduction. Sociologie d\u2019internet, Paris : Armand Colin, 223 p. \u201dCursus\u201d, 978-2-200-61242-9.<br \/>\r\n[10] Couet, J-F. et Davie, A. (1998). Dictionnaire de l\u2019essentiel en sociologie, Paris : Ed. Liris.<br \/>\r\n[11] Crozier, M., et Friedberg, E. (1977). L\u2019acteur et le syst\u00e8me. Paris : Le Seuil, 500 p.<br \/>\r\n[12] Ferr\u00e9ol, G. (2002), Dictionnaire de sociologie, Paris : Armand Colin.<br \/>\r\n[13] Fize, M. (1990). La d\u00e9mocratie familiale, Evolution des relations parents-adolescents. Paris : Presses de la Renaissance, 316 p.<br \/>\r\n[14] Gross Elisheva, F. (2004). Adolescent Internet Use : what we expect, what teens report. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Volume 25, Issue 6, Elsevier, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[15] L\u00e9vy, P. (1997). Cyberculture, Rapport au Conseil de l\u2019Europe. Paris : Ed. Odile Jacob, 313 p.<br \/>\r\n[16] Livingstone, S., Bober, M. (2005). UK children go online: Final report of key project findings. Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/collections\/children-go-online\/UKCGO_Final_report.pdf<br \/>\r\n[17] Lohento, K. (1997). Radioscopie de la connexion du B\u00e9nin \u00e0 l\u2019Internet, M\u00e9moire de fin d\u2019\u00e9tude, ENA\/UNB, Abomey-Calavi.<br \/>\r\n[18] Martin, O. (2004). L\u2019Internet des 10-20 ans, une ressource pour une communication autonome. R\u00e9seaux, n\u00b0123, 2004\/1, pp. 25-58.<br \/>\r\n[19] Missika, J.-L. et Wolton, D. (1983). La folle du logis. La t\u00e9l\u00e9vision dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques, Paris : Gallimard, 338 p.<br \/>\r\n[20] Montouss\u00e9, M., Renouard, G. (1997). 100 fiches pour comprendre la sociologie, Paris : Ed. Br\u00e9al.<br \/>\r\n[21] Oinas-Kukkonen, H. and Kurki, H. (2009). Internet Through the Eyes of 11-year-old Children: First-hand Experiences from the Technological Environment Children Live in. In Human Technology, an interdisciplinary Journal of Humans in ICT Environments, Volume 5, N\u00b02, pp. 146\u2013162.<br \/>\r\n[22] Othman, B. H. (2011). Les TIC et la famille : le danger des exc\u00e8s. In Quotidien Tunisia Today.<br \/>\r\n[23] Piette, J., Pons C-M. et Giroux, L. (2002). Les jeunes et Internet : repr\u00e9sentation, utilisation et appropriation, Synth\u00e8se internationale, Minist\u00e8re de la Culture et des Communications du Qu\u00e9bec, 18 p.<br \/>\r\n[24] Podetti, L. (2006). Usage d\u2019Internet et production de rapports sociaux dans l\u2019analyse compar\u00e9e des pratiques de lyc\u00e9ens de Paris et de sa banlieue. Communication pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au Colloque international sur Mutations des industries de la culture, de l\u2019information et de la communication, Paris, 9 p.<br \/>\r\n[25] Poyet, F. (2009). Impact des TIC dans l\u2019enseignement : une alternative pour l\u2019individualisation, EPI, n\u00b041.<br \/>\r\n[26] Tisseron, S. (2007). \u00ab Ma famille, c\u2019est Internet \u00bb. Les ados, les \u00e9crans et les liens. Mill\u00e9naire, Centre Ressources Prospectives du Grand Lyon, 19 p.<br \/>\r\n[27] Tisseron, S. (2009). Les jeunes et la nouvelle culture Internet. Empan2009\/4 (n\u00b076), pp. 37-42, DOI 10.3917\/empa.076.0037.<br \/>\r\n[28] Weber, M. (1992). Essais sur la th\u00e9orie de la science, Paris, Pocket.<br \/>\r\n[29] Wolton, D. (2000). Internet et apr\u00e8s ? Une th\u00e9orie critique des nouveaux m\u00e9dias, Paris : Flammarion, 240 p.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Victorin Vidjannagni GBENOU &#8220;Influence de la Technologie Internet sur la Socialisation des Adolescents \u00e0 Cotonou (R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.20-29 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/20-29.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/20-29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-de-la-technologie-internet-sur-la-socialisation-des-adolescents-a-cotonou-republique-du-benin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Influence de la Technologie Internet sur la Socialisation des Adolescents \u00e0 Cotonou (R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10b8e0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c10b8e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10b9ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10b9ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10bb5f\" data-id=\"c10bb5f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10bc84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c10bc84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comparative Study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Smita Singh, Satish Gupta &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 30-33<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10bd23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10bd23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10bea0\" data-id=\"c10bea0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10bfed elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c10bfed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The most of the research over the world are carried out to develop high performance concretes by using fibers and other admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions. In the view of the global sustainable developments, it is imperative that fibers like glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid fibers provide improvements in compressive strength, tensile strength, fatigue characteristics, durability, shrinkage characteristics, impact, cavitations, erosion resistance and serviceability of concrete. Fibers impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to fiber reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the fracture and fatigue properties of fiber reinforced concrete research in glass fiber reinforced concrete resulted in the development of an alkali resistance fibers high dispersion that improved long term durability. This system is named as alkali resistance glass fiber reinforced concrete. The present study investigates the effect of alkali resistance glass fibers in addition of 0.5% and 0.1% on compressive strength of M20 grades of concrete. Total 27 samples were prepared under this study to determine the compressive strength of different different proportions of glass fibers in concrete. The results is found for 0%, 0.5% and 1% glass fibers in concrete about 18.59 MPa, 20.81 MPa and 21.5 MPa after 7 days, 19.6 MPa, 22.22 MPa, 22.7 MPa after 14 days and 20.59 MPa, 24.4 MPa and 25.3 MPa respectively.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 30-33\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Smita Singh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Management Sciences , Lucknow, U.P. 226501, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Satish Gupta<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Management Sciences , Lucknow, U.P. 226501, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Swati J. et.al, 2017 \u201cCompare Compressive Strength of Self Curing Concrete, Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Conventional Concrete\u201d, 2017 IJRTI | Volume 2, Issue 5 | ISSN: 2456-3315.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Chandramouli K. et.al, 2010 \u201cStrength Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete\u201d. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, VOL. 5, NO. 4, APRIL 2010 ISSN 1819-6608.<br \/>\r\n[3]. A. Somaiah et.al. \u201cFabrication and Evaluation of Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites\u201d. ISSN 2394 \u2013 3386 Volume 5, Issue 5May 2018<br \/>\r\n[4]. S.T. Tassew, A.S. Lubell, Mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced ceramic concrete, Constr. Build. Mater. 51 (2014) 215\u2013224,<br \/>\r\n[5]. A. Dehghan, K. Peterson, A. Shvarzman, Recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer additions to Portland cement concrete, Constr. Build. Mater. 146 (2017) 238\u2013250,<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ezeldin AS, Balaguru PN. Normal- and high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete under compression. J Mater Civil Eng 1992;4(4):415\u201329.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Bentur A, Mindess S. Fibre reinforced cementitious composites. London: Elsevier Applied Science; 1990.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Balaguru PN, Shah SP. Fiber reinforced cement composites. New York: McGraw Hill Inc.; 1992<br \/>\r\n[9]. T. Sim\u00f5es, H. Costa, D. Dias-da-Costa, E. J\u00falio, Influence of fibres on the mechanical behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete matrixes, Constr. Build. Mater. 137 (2017) 548\u2013556,<br \/>\r\n[10]. IS 2386, Method of Test for Aggregate for Concrete, Indian Stand., 2002.<br \/>\r\n[11]. BS 882, Aggregates from Natural Sources, Br. Stand. London, UK, 1992.<br \/>\r\n[12]. IS 383, Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from the Natural Source for Concrete, 1970.<br \/>\r\n[13]. IS 10262, Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Proportioning, Indian Stand., 2009.<br \/>\r\n[14]. IS: 516-1959, Methods of Test for Strength of Concrete, Indian Stand, 1959<br \/>\r\n[15]. 12390-5 BS EN, Testing Hardened Concrete Part 5: Flexural Strength of Test Specimens, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[16]. IS: 12269 &#8211; 2013, \u2018\u2018Indian Standard Ordinary Portland Cement, 53 Grade \u2013Specification\u201d, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 2013.<br \/>\r\n[17]. IS: 383 \u2013 1970 (Reaffirmed 2002), \u2018\u2018Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete\u201d, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[18]. IS: 9103 &#8211; 1999, \u2018\u2018Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete\u201d, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1999.<br \/>\r\n[19]. R.N. Swamy, \u2018\u2018Fiber reinforcement of cement and concrete\u201d Evaluation of fiber reinforced cement based composites, 19-FRC committee, Mat\u00e9riaux et Const. 8(45) (1975) 235\u2013255.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Yilmaz Akkaya, Surendra P. Shah, Bruce Ankenman, Effect of fiber dispersion on multiple cracking of cement composites, J. Eng. Mech. 127 (4) (2001) 311\u2013337.<br \/>\r\n[21]. S. Ahmad, A. Umar, A. Masood, Properties of normal concrete self-compacting concrete and glass fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete: an experimental study, Procedia Eng. 173 (2017) 807\u201381<\/p>\r\n<p>External Links<\/p>\r\n<p>[22]. https:\/\/civildigital.com\/compressive-strength-concrete-concrete-cubes\/<br \/>\r\n[23]. https:\/\/polymeracademy.com\/types-of-glass-fiber\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Smita Singh, Satish Gupta &#8220;Comparative Study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.30-33 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/30-33.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/30-33.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comparative-study-of-glass-fiber-reinforced-concrete\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Comparative Study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10ce9a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c10ce9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10cf89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10cf89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10d11c\" data-id=\"c10d11c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10d269 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c10d269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10d317 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10d317\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10d483\" data-id=\"c10d483\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10d5a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c10d5a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10d647 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10d647\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10d7bf\" data-id=\"c10d7bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10d8d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c10d8d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Formulation and Comparative <i>In-vitro<\/i> Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Mouth Films of Betaxolol Hydrochloride for Hypertension<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr. A. Geethalakshmi, Kunga Gyaltsen &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 34-39<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c10d982 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c10d982\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c10dafc\" data-id=\"c10dafc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c10dc2b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c10dc2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The present study is aimed at preparing a fast disintegrating oral film of Betaxolol Hydrochloride for the treatment of hypertension using solvent casting method. In the formulation of fast disintegrating mouth films, various trials have been carried out using two grades of HPMC (E15 and E50) as film forming polymer, PEG-4000 as plasticizer, citric acid as saliva stimulating agent, peppermint oil as flavoring agent and sucrose as sweetener.<br \/>\r\nThe prepared films were evaluated for film thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, morphological properties, %drug content, tensile strength, <i>In vitro<\/i> disintegration time and In vitro dissolution studies. The formulation F8 prepared by using HPMC E50 as polymer and PEG-4000 as plasticizer shows the best result with minimum disintegration time of 45.78\u00b10.521, % drug content of 99.03\u00b10.276%, and 96.19\u00b10.51% CDR within 10 minutes, with satisfactory physiological properties. The result of FT-IR showed that there is no incompatibility found between the drug and the excipients used in the formulations. This suggests that fast disintegrating mouth films of Betaxolol Hydrochloride could be potentially a useful formulation for the treatment of hypertension where quick onset of action is desired.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 34-39\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. A. Geethalakshmi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor &amp; HOD, R R College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bangalore-68, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kunga Gyaltsen <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nThe Oxford R R College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Bangalore-90, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Arya A. Fast dissolving oral films: An innovative drug delivery system and dosage form. Int J ChemTech Res. 2010; 2(1): 576-583.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Patel VF, Fang Liu, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Rel 2011; 153(2): 106-16.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bhikshapathi DVRN, Madhuri VD, Rajesham VV et al. Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Film Containing Naratriptan Hcl. Am J of pharm tech Res. 2014; 4(2): 1-4.<br \/>\r\n[4]. H. S. Amir. Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery. J Pharm Pharm Sci.1998; 1(1): 15-30.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Aggarwal J, Singh G, Saini S, Rana A. Fast dissolving lms: A novel approach to oral drug delivery. Int Res J Pharm. 2011; 2(12): 69\u201374.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Nagaraju R, Sujatha B, Vidyadhara S and Sasidhar RLC. Design and evaluation of fast dissolving films containing Nizatidine. Indian J Pharm Edu and Res. 2012; 46(4): 318- 322.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Narang N, Sharma J. Sublingual mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery. Int J Pharm. Sci. 2011; 3(2): 18-22.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Markus M. Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments. Medicalnewstoday.com. 2016-sept-12.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Bhura N, Sanghvi K, Patel U, Patel D. A review on fast dissolving film. Int. J. Pharm, Res Bio-Sci. 2012; 1(3): 66-89.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Vijayasri. K, Rohini P, Reddy GK. Montelukast sodium oral thin films. Formulation and in vitro evaluation. Asian J. Pharma. &amp;Clin. Res. 2012; 5(4): 266-270.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Prasanthi NL. Design and development of fast dissolving sublingual film for an anti- asthmatic drug. Der. Pharmacia. Lettre. 2011; 3(1): 382-95.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Kalyan S, Bansal M. Recent trends in the development of oral dissolving film. Int. J. Pharma. Tech. Res. 2012; 4(2): 725-733.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Khanusiya A, Charyulu RN, Prabhu P, et al. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving film of loratidine for sublingual use. Int. J. Pharm. 2012; 3(7): 157-161.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Kalyan S, Bansal M. Recent trends in the development of oral dissolving lm. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2012; 4(2): 725-733.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Khanusiya A, Charyulu RN, Prabhu P, Bhatt S, Shashtry S. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving lm of loratidine for sublingual use. Int J Pharm. 2012; 3(7): 157-161.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. A. Geethalakshmi, Kunga Gyaltsen &#8220;Formulation and Comparative <i>In-vitro<\/i> Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Mouth Films of Betaxolol Hydrochloride for Hypertension&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp. 34-39 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/34-39.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/34-39.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/formulation-and-comparative-in-vitro-evaluation-of-fast-disintegrating-mouth-films-of-betaxolol-hydrochloride-for-hypertension\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Formulation and Comparative <i>In-vitro<\/i> Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Mouth Films of Betaxolol Hydrochloride for Hypertension<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c111b29 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c111b29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c111c5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c111c5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c111e20\" data-id=\"c111e20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c111f50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c111f50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Tax System India: Before and After GST<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Supriya.GK- October 2018 Page No.: 40-42<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c112004 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c112004\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11219e\" data-id=\"c11219e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1122d7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1122d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">India is a developing country and India has a well developed tax structure,various indirect taxes were applied to goods and services in India by the central government and state government. An up-gradation was required to rectify the major fault of the indirect tax structure. Goods and services tax (GST) are becoming one tax which includes all these taxes. This paper deals with the structure of the Indian taxation at the past. The background, features of the GST and the impact of GST in the present scenario are also dealt with. It is considered that Goods and Services tax will remove all the complexity of the tax policy which was existing in India and will create a positive impact on Indian economy<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-42\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Supriya.GK<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty Member, IMSR, Kuvempu University, Shankaghatta, Shimoga, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Sengupta, C H (2014), Law And Practice Of Direct And Indirect Taxes<br \/>\r\n[2]. Gupta. N, (2014) Goods And Service Tax: Its Impact On Indian Economy<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Supriya.GK &#8220;Tax System India: Before and After GST&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.40-42 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/40-42.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/40-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/tax-system-india-before-and-after-gst\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tax System India: Before and After GST<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1130bd elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1130bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1131a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1131a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11331e\" data-id=\"c11331e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c113441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c113441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1134e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1134e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c113651\" data-id=\"c113651\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c113764 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c113764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Demand-Side Management Program with A New Energy Strategy for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation System in Viet Nam <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nguyen Minh Cuong, Thai Quang Vinh, Le Tien Phong &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 43-51<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c113803 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c113803\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c113977\" data-id=\"c113977\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c113a9b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c113a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper proposes a new energy strategy to distribute energy at each bus in Viet Nam electric power system with the participation of photovoltaic and wind power generations. A structure for this system is also constructed including some main blocks: power circuit, forecasting center and center of measurement, dispatch and control. Each block closely works together with others and energy storage to have a balance power at any time in whole considered cycle. A demand-side management algorithm is designed corresponding to a case study that has energy from the generations smaller than consumed energy of electric load in whole time stages. In this algorithm, the deficient energy in stages having high and medium electric price levels can be bought from the electric power system to charge to the energy storage in the stage having low electric price level to reduce the economic function. Simulation results were carried out by the MATLAB 2017a software to show the feasibility of the demand-side management program to re-dispatch power flows in whole system and bring out high economic effectiveness.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 43-51\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nguyen Minh Cuong<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nElectrical Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Technology, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Thai Quang Vinh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute of Information Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Le Tien Phong<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nElectrical Faculty, Thai Nguyen University of Technology, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Jingpeng Yue, Zhijian Hu, Chendan Li, J. C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero (2017), \u201cEconomic Power Schedule and Transactive Energy through Intelligent Centralized Energy Management System for DC Residential Distribution System\u201d, Energy, ISSN: 0360-5442, Vol. 10, 916.<br \/>\r\n[2] Felix Iglesias Vazquez, Peter Palensky, Sergio Cantos (2012), &#8220;Demand Side Management for Stand-Alone Hybrid PowerSystems Based on Load Identi\ufb01cation&#8221;, Energy, 5, 4517, ISSN: 0360-5442.<br \/>\r\n[3] Zafar Iqbal, Nadeem Javaid, Saleem Iqbal, Sheraz Aslam, Zahoor Ali Khan, Wadood Abdul, Ahmad Almogren, and Atif Alamri (2018), \u201cA Domestic Microgrid with Optimized Home Energy Management System\u201d, Energy, 11, 1002, ISSN: 0360-5442.<br \/>\r\n[4] Andrzej Ozadowicz (2017), \u201cA New Concept of Active Demand Side Management for Energy Ef\ufb01cient Prosumer Microgrids with Smart Building Technologie\u201d, Energy, 10, 1771, ISSN: 0360-5442.<br \/>\r\n[5] Olivier Gergaud, Ga\u00ebl Robin, Bernard Multon, Hamid Ben Ahmed (2003), \u201cEnergy Modeling of a Lead-Acid Battery within Hybrid Wind\/Photovoltaic Systems\u201d, European Power Electronic Conference, ISBN: 90-75815-07-7.<br \/>\r\n[6] Nadeem Javaid, Sakeena Javaid 1, Abdul Wadood, Imran Ahmed, Ahmad Almogren, Atif Alamri, Iftikhar Azim Niaz (2017), \u201cA hybrid genetic wind driven heuristic optimization algorithm for demand side management in smart grid\u201d, Energy, 10, 3, ISSN: 0360-5442.<br \/>\r\n[7] http:\/\/npc.com.vn\/bieugiabandien.aspx<br \/>\r\n[8] https:\/\/www.evn.com.vn\/c3\/evn-va-khach-hang\/Gia-ban-dien-theo-gio-9-81.aspx<br \/>\r\n[9] Yuan-Kang Wu, Chao-Rong Chen, and Hasimah Abdul Rahman (2014), \u201cA Novel Hybrid Model for Short-Term Forcasting in PV Power Generation\u201d, International Journal of Photoenergy, ISSN: 1110-662X Volume 2014.<br \/>\r\n[10] Imane Drouiche, Aissa Chouder, Samia Harrouni (2013), \u201cA dynamic model of a grid connected PV system based on outdoor measurement using Labview\u201d, 3rd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, IEEE Xplore, ISBN: 978-1-4799-0688-8.<br \/>\r\n[11] Mehryar Parsi (2016), \u201cDaily solar radiation forecasting using historical data and examining three methods\u201d, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN: 2278-1684, Volume 13, Issue 5.<br \/>\r\n[12] S. Prakash, N. P. Gopinath, J. Suganthi (2018), \u201cWind and Solar Energy Forecasting System Using Artificial Neural Nethworks\u201d, International Pure and Applied Mathematics, ISSN: 1314-3395, Volume 118, No. 5.<br \/>\r\n[13] Peter D. Lund, Juuso Lindgren, Jani Mikkola, Jyri Salpakari (2015), \u201cReview of energy system \ufb02exibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity\u201d, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, Vol. 45.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nguyen Minh Cuong, Thai Quang Vinh, Le Tien Phong &#8220;Demand-Side Management Program with A New Energy Strategy for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation System in Viet Nam &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.43-51 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/43-51.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/43-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/demand-side-management-program-with-a-new-energy-strategy-for-photovoltaic-and-wind-power-generation-system-in-viet-nam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Demand-Side Management Program with A New Energy Strategy for Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation System in Viet Nam <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1161c3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1161c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11629f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11629f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c116425\" data-id=\"c116425\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11657c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11657c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c116630 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c116630\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11679b\" data-id=\"c11679b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1168c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1168c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11697c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11697c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c116ae8\" data-id=\"c116ae8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c116c46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c116c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c116cfc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c116cfc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c116e87\" data-id=\"c116e87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c116fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c116fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Combination Tool for Special Purpose Thrust and Radial Bearing in Wind Ventilator Applications <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Susnehalkumar .S. Lade, Pradipkumar .D. Darade, Kirankumar .R. Jagtap, Dileep .N. Korade &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 52-56<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c117073 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c117073\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11720b\" data-id=\"c11720b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c117336 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c117336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The project work involves the design development of multi tool device wherein drilling, counter boring and face grooving operations will be combined to drastically reduce the manufacturing time and cost. Wind turbine ventilators are ventilator which is powered by the wind to create effective ventilation. These type of ventilators are used in various industries. The design of wind turbine ventilators consists of a round metal vent with fins in them. Presently this system uses ball bearings for their operation however they offer lower life and the cost is higher. Thus they are to be replaced by combination of thrust and radial bearing. The manufacture of this bearing required a tool which can perform drilling and boring operation followed by a face groove. In order to reduce the time and cost of manufacturing it is required to develop a combination tool for the same. The tool geometry was developed using Unigraphics NX-8 software and the analysis was done using Ansys Workbench 16.0. The performance evaluation of the tool was done to determine the percentage error, reduction in cycle time.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 52-56\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Susnehalkumar .S. Lade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad Institute of Technology &amp; Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pradipkumar .D. Darade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAsso.Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad Institute of Technology &amp; Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kirankumar .R. Jagtap<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAsso.Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad Institute of Technology &amp; Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dileep .N. Korade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAsst.Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad Institute of Technology &amp; Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Shivani P. Raygoret. al \u201cSelection of Combination of Tool and Work Piece Material using MADM Methods for Turning Operation on CNC Machine,\u201d Volume II, Issue II, February 2015 , IJRSI<br \/>\r\n[2]. Vignesh V et.al \u201cOptimization of Drilling Parameters for Minimum Surface Roughness Using Taguchi Method in 7075 Alloy\u201d, Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017,IJIR<br \/>\r\n[3]. ShreedharBhattarai et.al. \u201cPerformance Analysis of Coated Single Point Cutting Tool in Turning Operation,\u201d International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research Volume No.3, Issue No.4, June &#8211; July 2015<br \/>\r\n[4]. Praveenkumar et.al, Design of rod grooving multispindle drilling unit, Asian Journal of Science and Technology Vol.07, Issue, 03, pp.2600-2605, March, 2016<br \/>\r\n[5]. Adeel Abbas et.al, Enhancement of the Capabilities of CNC Machines via the Addition of a New Counter boring Cycle with a Milling Cutter, Asian Journal of Science and Technology Vol.07, Issue, 03, pp.2600-2605, March, 2016<br \/>\r\n[6]. Shinde Nikhil et.al, Design &amp; Development of Twin Drill Head Machine and Drilling Depth Control, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2015<br \/>\r\n[7]. Hansini S. Rahate et.al, Design and Development of Spot Facing Machine for Industrial Valves, International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE) Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2013<br \/>\r\n[8]. Dhanraj Patel et.al, Analysis of drilling tool life\u2014a review, International journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotic Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015<br \/>\r\n[9]. Ajay Kumar Singh et al, Analysis of drilling tool life\u2014a review, IJSTE &#8211; International Journal of Science Technology &amp; Engineering Volume 2 Issue 09 March 2016<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Susnehalkumar .S. Lade, Pradipkumar .D. Darade, Kirankumar .R. Jagtap, Dileep .N. Korade &#8220;Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Combination Tool for Special Purpose Thrust and Radial Bearing in Wind Ventilator Applications &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp. 52-56 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/52-56.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/52-56.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-analysis-and-performance-evaluation-of-combination-tool-for-special-purpose-thrust-and-radial-bearing-in-wind-ventilator-applications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Combination Tool for Special Purpose Thrust and Radial Bearing in Wind Ventilator Applications <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1189e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1189e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c118ada elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c118ada\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c118c83\" data-id=\"c118c83\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c118dac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c118dac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c118e52 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c118e52\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c118fab\" data-id=\"c118fab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1190b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1190b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119159 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119159\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11929d\" data-id=\"c11929d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1193a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1193a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119443 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119443\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1195ac\" data-id=\"c1195ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1196b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1196b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Performance of Deep Neural Networks in the Analysis of Vehicle Traffic Volume<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adrian Bosire, George Okeyo, and Wilson Cheruiyot &#8211; October 2018 Page No.: 57-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c119755 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c119755\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1198f2\" data-id=\"c1198f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c119a39 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c119a39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The major problem of vehicle traffic congestions is the increased time wasted in the queues and the resultant high cost of resources used during the same period. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the viability of Deep Neural Networks in the performance analysis of vehicle traffic volume. This will assist in effective and efficient traffic monitoring, travel-time forecasting and traffic management. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) offer an optimal option for alleviating the problem of traffic congestion. Although Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) usually encounter setbacks such as local optimum thereby resulting in short term forecasting this can be effectively overcome by using an appropriate training algorithm with correctly configured parameters for the kind of data under consideration. The data is divided into samples for training, validation and testing, after which the overall performance is evaluated using the Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results obtained will help in the evaluation of the practicability of using DNNs in analyzing vehicle traffic flow. Eventually, this can be leveraged for time-forecasting of traffic conditions and also mitigate traffic build-up.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 57-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adrian Bosire<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science, Kiriri Womens University of Science and Technology, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>George Okeyo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wilson Cheruiyot<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Computer Science and Information Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alfred Csikos, Zsolt Janos Viharos, Krisztian Balazs, Tamas Tettamanti and Istvan Varga (2015). Traffic Speed Prediction Method for Urban Networks \u2013 an ANN Approach, Hungary.<br \/>\r\n[2] Avigdor Gal, Avishai Mandelbaum, Francois Schnitzler, Arik Senderovich and Matthias Weidlich (2015). On Predicting Traveling Times in Scheduled Transportation, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Mining Urban Data, Lille, France, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[3] Bianchini, Monica and Scarselli, Franco (2014). On the complexity of shallow and deep neural network classifiers. ESANN 2014 proceedings, European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning. Bruges (Belgium), 23-25 April 2014, i6doc.com publ., ISBN 978-287419095-7.<br \/>\r\n[4] Dong Yu and Li Deng (2015). Automatic Speech Recognition: A Deep Learning Approach. ISBN 978-1-4471-5778-6. DOI 10.1007\/978-1-4471-5779-3<br \/>\r\n[5] Douglas C. Montgomery, Cheryl L. Jennings and Murat Kulahci (2015). Introduction to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting, 2nd Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.. ISBN-13: 978-1118745113<br \/>\r\n[6] Geoffrey Hinton, Li Deng, Dong Yu, George Dahl, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed, Navdeep Jaitly, Andrew Senior, Vincent Vanhoucke, Patrick Nguyen, Tara Sainath, and Brian Kingsbury (2012). Deep Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition.<br \/>\r\n[7] Giuseppina De Luca and Mariano Gallo (2017). Artificial Neural Networks for forecasting user flows in transportation networks: literature review, limits, potentialities and open challenges. IEEE 978-1-5090-6484-7\/17<br \/>\r\n[8] Huisken Giovanni (2006). Inter-Urban Short-Term Traffic Congestion Prediction, TRAIL Thesis Series T2006\/8. The Netherlands TRAIL Research School.<br \/>\r\n[9] Jamie Houghton, John Reiners, and Colin Lim (2009). Intelligent Transport System: How cities can improve mobility, IBM Institute for Business Value, USA, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[10] Lakakis, K. and Kyriakou, K. (2015). Creating an Intelligent Transportation System for Smart Cities: Performance Evaluation of Spatial \u2013 Temporal Algorithms for Traffic Prediction, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Rhodes, Greece, 3-5 September 2015.<br \/>\r\n[11] Li Deng and Dong Yu (2013). Deep Learning: Methods and Applications. Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing Vol. 7, Nos. 3\u20134 (2013) 197\u2013387. DOI:10.1561\/2000000039<br \/>\r\n[12] Mahamad Nabab Alam (2016). Codes in MATLAB for Training Artificial Neural Network using Particle Swarm Optimization. DOI: 10.13140\/RG.2.1.2579.3524<br \/>\r\n[13] Mark Hudson Beale, Martin T. Hagan and Howard B. Demuth (2015). Neural Network Toolbox\u2122 User&#8217;s Guide.<br \/>\r\n[14] Matthias Kormaksson, Luciano Barbosa, Marcos R. Vieira and Bianca Zadrozny (2014). Bus Travel Time Predictions Using Additive Models. IBM Research &#8211; Brazil, arXiv:1411.7973v1 [cs. LG] 28 Nov 2014.<br \/>\r\n[15] Mladen Dalto (2014), Deep Neural Networks for time series prediction with applications in ultra-short-term wind forecasting, Rn (01), Vol. 1, p. 2 (2014).<br \/>\r\n[16] Mohamed Zaki, Alaa Hamouda, and Basma Hisham (2015). Travel Time Prediction under Egypt Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions using Neural Network and Data Fusion, Egyptian Computer Science Journal Vol. 39 No. 2 May 2015 ISSN-1110-2586.<br \/>\r\n[17] Neal Wagner, Zbigniew Michalewicz, Moutaz Khouja, and Rob Roy McGregor (2005). Time Series Forecasting for Dynamic Environments: The DyFor Genetic Program Model. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, January 2005.<br \/>\r\n[18] Nikolaus Kriegeskorte (2015). Deep Neural Networks: A New Framework for Modeling Biological Vision and Brain Information Processing. Annual Review of Vision Science 2015. 1:417\u201346. 10.1146\/annurev-vision-082114-035447<br \/>\r\n[19] Rajkumari Bidyalakshmi Devi, Esha Barlaskar, Oinam Binarani Devi, Smriti Priya Medhi and Reingayung Ronra Shimray (2014). Survey on Evolutionary Computation Techniques and Its Application in Different Fields. International Journal on Information Theory (IJIT), Vol.3, No.3, July 2014 DOI: 10.5121\/ijit.2014.3308<br \/>\r\n[20] Rathinakumar, M., Sankara Subramanian, B., Vasanth Kumar, M.R. and Kumaran, N. (2013). Auto-Mobile Vehicle Direction in Road Traffic Using Artificial Neural Networks, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence &amp; Applications (IJAIA), Vol. 4, No. 4, July 2013.<br \/>\r\n[21] Robert Stackowiak, Venu Mantha and Art Licht (2015). Improving Logistics &amp; Transportation Performance with Big Data. Oracle Enterprise Architecture White Paper February 2015.<br \/>\r\n[22] Seyed Mojtaba Tafaghod Sadat, Toni Anwar and Mina Basirat (2012). A Survey on Application of Artificial Intelligence for Bus Arrival Time Prediction, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 15th December 2012. Vol. 46 No.1, ISSN: 1992-8645, E-ISSN: 1817-3195.<br \/>\r\n[23] Suyun An, Huynho Chang and Young-Ihn Lee (2013). Dynamic Forecasting of Bus Path Travel Time: Simplified Stochastic Approach, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.9, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[24] Swasti Singhal, Monika Jena (2013). A Study on WEKA Tool for Data Preprocessing, Classification and Clustering. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-6, May 2013.<br \/>\r\n[25] Takashi Kuremoto, Shinsuke Kimura, Kunikazu Kobayashi and Masanao Obayashi (2014). Time Series Forecasting Using a Deep Belief Network with Restricted Boltzmann Machines. Neurocomputing, Volume 137, 5 August 2014, Pages 47\u201356<br \/>\r\n[26] Tantawy, M. and Zorkany, M. (2014). A Suitable Approach for Evaluating Bus Arrival Time Prediction Techniques in Egypt. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing and Computers.<br \/>\r\n[27] Tomas Mikluscak, Michal Gregor, and Ales Janota (2012). Using Neural Networks for Route and Destination Prediction in Intelligent Transport Systems, J. Mikulski (Ed.): TST 2012, CCIS 329, pp. 380\u2013387, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[28] Tongyu Zhu, Fajin Ma, Tao Ma, and Congcong Li (2011). The Prediction of Bus Arrival Time Using Global Positioning System Data and Dynamic Traffic Information, Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), 2011 4th Joint IFIP, Beijing, China.<br \/>\r\n[29] Wei-Hsun Lee, Shian-Shyong Tseng and Sheng-Han Tsai (2009). A knowledge based real-time travel time prediction system for urban network, Expert Systems with Applications 36, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 4239\u20134247, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[30] Yann LeCun and Ranzato Marc\u2019Aurelio (2013). Deep learning tutorial. In: Tutorials in International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML\u201913), 2013. Citeseer.<br \/>\r\n[31] Zegeye Kebede Gurmu and Wei David Fan (2014). Artificial Neural Network Travel Time Prediction Model for Buses Using Only GPS Data, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adrian Bosire, George Okeyo, and Wilson Cheruiyot &#8220;Performance of Deep Neural Networks in the Analysis of Vehicle Traffic Volume&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.57-66 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/57-66.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/57-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/performance-of-deep-neural-networks-in-the-analysis-of-vehicle-traffic-volume\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Performance of Deep Neural Networks in the Analysis of Vehicle Traffic Volume<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11a89e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c11a89e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11a981 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11a981\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ab10\" data-id=\"c11ab10\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11ac37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11ac37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11acdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11acdb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ae2b\" data-id=\"c11ae2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11af41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11af41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11afe0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11afe0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11b131\" data-id=\"c11b131\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b236 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11b236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11b2da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11b2da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11b423\" data-id=\"c11b423\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b52d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11b52d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11b5c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11b5c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11b724\" data-id=\"c11b724\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11b832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11b832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Literature Review on Synthesis of ZnO Nano Particles Using Natural and Synthetic Methods <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Anup A Teragundi, Bhavana K B, Dr T S Nanjundeswaraswamy &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 67-71<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11b8cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11b8cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ba4c\" data-id=\"c11ba4c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11bb7f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c11bb7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nowadays many efforts have been made for achieving ZnO Nanoparticles through the various approaches to obtain desired shapes. The present paper discussed about these methods such as Microemulsions, molucualr beamepitaxcy, spray pyrolysis, common thermal evaporation, and chemical varour methods. The present paper portrays a brief review of the methods that have been used for synthesize and characterizes Zinc Oxide nanoparticals.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-71\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 October 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anup A Teragundi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore \u2013 60, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bhavana K B<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore \u2013 60, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr T S Nanjundeswaraswamy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore \u2013 60, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAgarwal, H., Kumar, S. V., &#038; Rajesh kumar, S. (2017). A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide  nano particles\u2013An eco-friendly approach. Resource-Efficient Technologies.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tKaram, C., Habchi, R., Tingry, S., Miele, P., &#038; Bechelany, M. (2018). Design of Multilayers of Urchin-like ZnO Nanowires Coated with TiO2 Nanostructures for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Applied Nano Materials.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tKumari, R., Sahai, A., &#038; Goswami, N. (2015). Effect of nitrogen doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(4), 300-309.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tRochman, N. T., &#038; Akwalia, P. R. (2017, May). Fabrication and characterization of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle by sol-gel method. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 853, No. 1, p. 012041). IOP Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDatta, A., Patra, C., Bharadwaj, H., Kaur, S., Dimri, N., &#038;Khajuria, R. (2017). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using partheniumhysterophorus leaf extract and evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Journal of Biotechnology and Biomaterials, 7, 271-275.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tSutradhar, P., &#038; Saha, M. (2016). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) extract and its photovoltaic application. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 11(5), 314-327.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tMohan, A. C., &#038; Renjanadevi, B. (2016). Preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Procedia Technology, 24, 761-766.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tMclaren, A., Valdes-Solis, T., Li, G., &#038; Tsang, S. C. (2009). Shape and size effects of ZnOnanocrystals on photocatalytic activity. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(35), 12540-12541.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tAhmed, S. A. (2017). Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO samples. Results in physics, 7, 604-610.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tThaweesaeng, N., Supankit, S., Techidheera, W., &#038; Pecharapa, W. (2013). Structure properties of as-synthesized Cu-doped ZnOnanopowder synthesized by co-precipitation method. Energy Procedia, 34, 682-688.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKhalil, M. I., Al-Qunaibit, M. M., Al-Zahem, A. M., &#038;Labis, J. P. (2014). Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of a curcumin zinc complex. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(6), 1178-1184.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tSutradhar, P., &#038; Saha, M. (2015). Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using tea leaf extract and its application for solar cell. Bulletin of Materials Science, 38(3), 653-657.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tHasnidawani, J. N., Azlina, H. N., Norita, H., Bonnia, N. N., Ratim, S., &#038; Ali, E. S. (2016). Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using sol-gel method. Procedia Chemistry, 19, 211-216.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tJiang, J., Pi, J., &#038;Cai, J. (2018). The Advancing of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Bioinorganic chemistry and applications, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tWang, Z. L. (2004). Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications. Journal of physics: condensed matter, 16(25), R829.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tMatinise, N., Fuku, X. G., Kaviyarasu, K., Mayedwa, N., &#038; Maaza, M. (2017). ZnO nanoparticles via Moringaoleifera green synthesis: physical properties &#038; mechanism of formation. Applied Surface Science, 406, 339-347.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tAlenezi, M. R., Henley, S. J., Emerson, N. G., &#038; Silva, S. R. P. (2014). From 1D and 2D ZnO nanostructures to 3D hierarchical structures with enhanced gas sensing properties. Nanoscale, 6(1), 235-247.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSindhura KS, Prasad TNVKV, Selvam PP, Hussain OM (2013) Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of effect of phytogenic zinc nanoparticles on soil exo-enzymes. ApplNanosci 1: 1-9.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tAlias, S. S., Ismail, A. B., &#038; Mohamad, A. A. (2010). Effect of pH on ZnO nanoparticle properties synthesized by sol\u2013gel centrifugation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 499(2), 231-237.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tBora, T., Kyaw, H. H., Sarkar, S., Pal, S. K., &#038; Dutta, J. (2011). Highly efficient ZnO\/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process. Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 2, 681.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tSangeetha, G., Rajeshwari, S., &#038;Venckatesh, R. (2011). Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by aloe barbadensis miller leaf extract: Structure and optical properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(12), 2560-2566.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tJain, N., Bhargava, A., Tarafdar, J. C., Singh, S. K., &#038; Panwar, J. (2013). A biomimetic approach towards synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 97(2), 859-869.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tRao, M. D., &#038; Gautam, P. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of ZnOnanoflowers using C hlamydomonasreinhardtii: A green approach. Environmental Progress &#038; Sustainable Energy, 35(4), 1020-1026.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tHameed, A. S. H., Karthikeyan, C., Ahamed, A. P., Thajuddin, N., Alharbi, N. S., Alharbi, S. A., &#038; Ravi, G. (2016). In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO and Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. Scientific reports, 6, 24312.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tPulit-Prociak, J., Chwastowski, J., Kucharski, A., &#038; Banach, M. (2016). Functionalization of textiles with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Applied Surface Science, 385, 543-553.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tMatinise, N., Fuku, X. G., Kaviyarasu, K., Mayedwa, N., &#038; Maaza, M. (2017). ZnO nanoparticles via Moringaoleifera green synthesis: physical properties &#038; mechanism of formation. Applied Surface Science, 406, 339-347.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tBagabas, A., Alshammari, A., Aboud, M. F., &#038; Kosslick, H. (2013). Room-temperature synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles in different media and their application in cyanide photodegradation. Nanoscale research letters, 8(1), 516.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Anup A Teragundi, Bhavana K B, Dr T S Nanjundeswaraswamy &#8220;Literature Review on Synthesis of ZnO Nano Particles Using Natural and Synthetic Methods &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.67-71 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/67-71.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/67-71.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/literature-review-on-synthesis-of-zno-nano-particles-using-natural-and-synthetic-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Literature Review on Synthesis of ZnO Nano Particles Using Natural and Synthetic Methods <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11c993 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c11c993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11ca70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11ca70\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11cc20\" data-id=\"c11cc20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11cd45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11cd45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11cdf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11cdf9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11cf4a\" data-id=\"c11cf4a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11d05b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11d05b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11d0f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11d0f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11d5b8\" data-id=\"c11d5b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11d6f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11d6f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Cost Overruns in Real Estate Projects<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Kareem Mohammad Mahmoud Mostafa, Dr. Ayman Hamdy Nassar &#8211; October 2018 Page No.: 72-86<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11d79e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11d79e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11d90f\" data-id=\"c11d90f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11da48 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c11da48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cost overrun is one of the most important problems and risks that encounter Real Estate projects success, since it reduces the contractor\u2019s profit and sometimes lead to enormous losses, and leaving the project in great troubles. Construction cost is one of the peak criteria of success for a real estate project throughout its lifecycle and is of high concern to those who are involved in the real estate industry. All real estate projects, regardless of their size, complexity are saddled by targets and uncertainties. Mostly in developing countries real estate projects are characterized by overruns in cost. Cost overruns occur in every real estate project while the magnitude varies significantly from project to project. This leads to severe need of addressing the acute issue of cost overrun.<br \/>\r\nThroughout this research we tried to gather and analyze the main factors which cause cost overruns in  real  estate  projects.  According  to  past  researches  the  factors determining percentage overrun include the financial condition of the owner , the cash flow of the contractor, material cost increase, competition at tender stage, fluctuation in the currency that payments will be made by, the project size, delays in design approval, quantity variations, the detailed degree of the drawings used for estimating the budget, , material estimate accuracy, quality requirements being hard to reach, design changes, location of the project with respect to vendors, time needed for decisions to be made, what was known about the project at tender stage, the client\u2019s characteristics, unknown geological conditions, ignorance and lack of knowledge of the parties, suitability of the project schedule to the project, conflict among participants in the project, design complexity, scope change by the owner, incompatible advanced payment, the prequalification of the contractor, workload in the project, the contract type , whether the parties agreed on dispute settlement procedure or not, the inspection and testing procedures , whether the site was properly managed or not , the adequacy of the equipment used in the project, the adequacy of the safety procedures followed, the experience of the contractor in similar projects, site access ease by the contractor, the effectiveness of the planning and scheduling , the availability of equipment, delay in arrival of material, shortage of labors, whether the labors used were skilled or not, the adequacy of the method of construction, the decreased productivity of labors and equipment,  the  availability  of  cost  control  engineers  assigned  for  the  project,  the category of the contractor and finally the method of procurement.<br \/>\r\nTwo Questionnaires were created to determine the probability and impact of each factor and hence rank the factors according to Relative importance index besides determining the percentage overrun each factor could cause according to practitioners in the field of real estate. Not to mention, data of real projects which encountered overruns were included. Using Artificial Neural networks which is a branch of Artificial Intelligence, a model was developed including the 43 factors which can predict the percentage overrun for real estate project. The model was later tested by one of the projects and the variance between the actual overrun and the predicted overrun was calculated.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 72-86\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kareem Mohammad Mahmoud Mostafa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCivil Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Material Sciences, The German University In Cairo, Cairo, Egypt<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Ayman Hamdy Nassar<\/strong><br \/>\r\nCivil Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Material Sciences, The German University In Cairo, Cairo, Egypt<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1].\tOberlender, G.D., and Trost, S.M. &#8220;Predicting Accuracy of Early Cost Estimates Based on Estimate Quality.&#8221; J. of Constr. Eng. and Manage., 2001.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tSharma S and Goyal P K 2014 Cost overrun factors and project cost risk assessment in construction industry\u2014A state of the art review. Int. Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAzhar N, Farooqui R U and Ahmed S M 2008 Cost Overrun Factors In Construction Industry of Pakistan. Advancing and Integrating Construction Eduction Research &#038; Practice.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tOkpala D C and Aniekwu A N 1988 Causes of high costs of construction in Nigeria. J. Constr. Eng. Manag.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tP.F. Kaming, P.O. Olomolaiye, G.D. Holt and F.C. Harris.1997 \u2015Factors influencing construction time and cost overruns on high-rise projects in Indonesia\u2016, Journal of Construction management and Economics. Vol. 15, No.1, pp.: 83-94.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tLong Le-Hoai, Young Dai Lee, and Jun Yong Lee.2008: \u2015Delay and cost overruns in Vietnam large construction projects: a comparison with other selected countries\u2016. KSCE J. civil engineering 12(6): 367-377.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tP.A. Koushki, AL-Rashid, Khalid and Kartam, Nabil.2005, \u2015Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait\u2016, Journal of Construction Management and Economics. Vol. 23, No.3, pp. 285-294.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tIsmail Abdul Rahman, Aftab Hameed Memon and Ahmad Tarmizi Abd.Karim. 2013, \u2015Significant Factors causing cost overruns in Large construction projects in Malaysia\u2016, Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol 13(2), pp. 286-293.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tMills, A. (1997) Analysis of the accuracy of building price forecasts. The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, 1 (2), 31-38<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMorrison, N. (1984) The accuracy of quantity surveyors&#8217; cost estimating.Construction Management and Economics, 2, 57 &#8211; 75.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tTrost, S. M. and Oberlender, G. D. (2003). &#8220;Predicting Accuracy of Early Cost Estimates Using Factor Analysis and Multivariate Analysis.&#8221; Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 129(2): 198 &#8211; 204.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tS\u00f8rensen, O. (1994) Neural Networks in Control Applications. PhD Thesis, Department of Control Engineering, Institute of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Denmark<br \/>\r\n[13].\tZHU Dongli,(2005)\u201c Optimization model calculation of the project bidding based on capital-time value\u201d<br \/>\r\n[14].\tsignificant factors affecting time and cost overrun in Indian construction projects. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(10), pp. 734-740.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tSubramani, T., Sruthi, P.S. &#038; Kavitha, M. 2014. Causes of cost overrun in construction. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), 4(6), pp. 2278- 8719.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tUbani, E.C., Okorocha, K.A. &#038; Emeribe, S.C. 2011. Analysis of factors influencing time and cost overrun on construction projects in South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(2), pp. 73-84.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tBaloyi, L. &#038; Bekker, M. 2011. Causes of construction cost and time overruns: The 2010 FIFA World Cup stadia in South Africa. Acta Structilia, 18(1), pp. 51-67.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tCantarelli, C.C., VanWee, B., Molin, E.J. &#038; Flyvbjerg, B. 2012. Different cost performance: Different determinants? The case of cost overruns in Dutch transport infrastructure projects. Journal of Transport Policy, 22, pp. 88-95.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tEndut, I.R., Akintoye, A.A. &#038; Kolley, J. 2009. Cost and time overrun of projects in Malaysi.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tKaliba, C., Muya, M. &#038; Mumba, K. 2009. Cost escalation and schedule delay in road construction projects in Zambia. International<br \/>\r\n[21].\tMemon, A.H., Abdul-Rahman, I. &#038; Abdul-Aziz, A. 2011. Preliminary study on causative factors leading to construction cost overrun. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, 2(1), pp. 57-71.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOlawale, Y.A. &#038; Sun, M. 2010. Cost and time control of construction projects: Inhibiting factors and mitigating measures in practice. Construction Management and Economics<br \/>\r\n[23].\tSubramani, T., Sruthi, P.S. &#038; Kavitha, M. 2014. Causes of cost overrun in construction. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kareem Mohammad Mahmoud Mostafa, Dr. Ayman Hamdy Nassar &#8220;Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Cost Overruns in Real Estate Projects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.72-86 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/72-86.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/72-86.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/using-artificial-neural-networks-to-model-cost-overruns-in-real-estate-projects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Cost Overruns in Real Estate Projects<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11e871 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c11e871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11e963 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11e963\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11ead9\" data-id=\"c11ead9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11ebf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11ebf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11ec91 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11ec91\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11edf5\" data-id=\"c11edf5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11ef27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11ef27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11efcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11efcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11f148\" data-id=\"c11f148\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11f25a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c11f25a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Comparative Study of NPA\u2019s of Indian Commercial Banks<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr Rajesh C. Jampala, R.V. Sankara Rao &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 87-92<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c11f316 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c11f316\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c11f49b\" data-id=\"c11f49b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c11f5cd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c11f5cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Indian banking industry plays a crucial role in the economic development of the country. This role is performed by banks by extending credit to several industries\/sectors for their operations, expansion and development. This process of credit creation leads to credit risk which in turn leads to Non-Performing Assets (NPA\u2019s).<br \/>\r\nThe Indian banking sector has been facing serious problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs) for more than two decades. NPA\u2019s reflects the performance of banks, affect the liquidity, profitability, net-worth of banks and also erodes the value of the asset.<br \/>\r\nThe Public Sector Banks have shown good performance over the private sector banks as far as the financial operations are concerned. The Private Sector Banks have also shown comparatively good result. However, the only problem of the Public Sector Banks these days are the increasing level of the non performing assets and Managing NPA\u2019s has emerged as one of the major challenges facing public sector banks in India<br \/>\r\nThe Non Performing Assets of the Public Sector Banks have been growing regularly. On the other hand the non performing assets of private sector banks have been decreasing regularly except few banks. Generally reduction in NPAs shows that banks have strengthened their credit appraisal processes over the years and vice -versa.<br \/>\r\nToday Non- performing assets are one of the major concerns for scheduled commercial banks in India. The recommendations of Narasimham committee and Verma committee, some steps have been taken to solve the problem of old NPAs in the balance sheets of the banks.<br \/>\r\n The objective of this research is to study, compare Gross NPA\u2019s, Net NPA\u2019s and position of NPAs of public  and private sector banks and to identify reasons for increasing of NPAs, to examine the steps to be engaged for recovery of NPAs and to suggest measures for efficient management of NPA\u2019s to improve the financial health in the overall banking system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 87-92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr Rajesh C. Jampala<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor and Head, P.B. Siddhartha College of Arts &#038; Science<br \/>\r\nResearch Director<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R.V. Sankara Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, MIC College of Technology<br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, ANU<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tSiraj K.K. and P. Sudarsanan Pillai (2012), \u201cA Study on the Performance of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of Indian Banking During Post Millennium Period\u201d, International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow, Vol.2 Issue 3, March.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tKamini Rai(2012), \u201cStudy on Performance of NPAs of Indian Commercial Banks\u201d Asian Journal of Research Banking and Finance, Volume 2, Issue 12,December.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tChaudhary, K. &#038; Sharma, M., \u201cPerformance of Indian Public Sector Banks and Private Sector Banks: A Comparative Study\u201d, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2011<br \/>\r\n[4].\tRajni Saluja and Roshan Lal (2010), \u201cComparative Analysis on (NPAs) of Public Sector, Private Sector and Foreign Banks India\u201d International Journal of Research in Commerce &#038; Management (IJRCM), vol 1,issue (November)-ISSN 0976-2183.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tRai, K., \u201cStudy on performance of NPAs of Indian commercial banks\u201d, Asian Journal of Research in Banking and finance, Vol. 2, Issue 12, 2012.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr Rajesh C. Jampala, R.V. Sankara Rao &#8220;A Comparative Study of NPA\u2019s of Indian Commercial Banks&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp. 87-92 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/87-92.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/87-92.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-comparative-study-of-npas-of-indian-commercial-banks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>A Comparative Study of NPA\u2019s of Indian Commercial Banks<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1204f9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1204f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1205c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1205c2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c120731\" data-id=\"c120731\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c12084b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c12084b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1208f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1208f1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c120a42\" data-id=\"c120a42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c120b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c120b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c120bee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c120bee\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c120d46\" data-id=\"c120d46\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c120e53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c120e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c120f0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c120f0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c121094\" data-id=\"c121094\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1211a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1211a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Study on the Performance of Square Footing Resting on Reinforced Sand Beds under Repeated Loading<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>H.C.Muddaraju, Avinash.N ,   Mashyala Sharanamm &#8211; October 2018 Page No.: 93-97<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c121244 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c121244\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c12139b\" data-id=\"c12139b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1214bd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c1214bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Various soil improvement techniques have been used to enhance the engineering properties of soil. One of the improvement techniques is soil reinforcement. This concept was widely used in the geotechnical field. In the present investigation plain-geogrid and geogrid-PVC pipe was used as reinforcement material to improve the load settlement characteristics of the square footing. And comparison was made between the 2D geogrid and 3D geogrid to investigate the effectiveness of inclusion of plain geogrid (2D geogrid) and geogrid-pipe (3D geogrid) on the improvement in the load settlement characteristics of sand bed under repeated loading.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 93-97\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>H.C.Muddaraju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Avinash.N <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mashyala Sharanamm<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPost graduate student, Civil Engineering Department, UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbhishek Singh, BR Phanikumar, Ram Prasad. (2016). \u201cLoad-settlement response of varying sand media reinforced by geogrids\u201d.International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(5): 1106-1109.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAminatonMarto, MohsenOghabi, Amin Eisazadeh (2013).\u201cThe Effect of Geogrid Reinforcement on Bearing Capacity Properties of Soil Under Static Load\u201d.EJGE. Vol. 18.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tMansour Mosallanezhad , Nader Hataf , ArsalanGhahramani. \u201cExperimental Study of Bearing Capacity of Granular Soils, Reinforced with Innovative Grid-Anchor System\u201d.GeotechGeolEng (2008) 26:299\u2013312.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tM. Mosallanezhad, N. Hataf  and A. Ghahramani. (2010).\u201cThree dimensional bearing capacity analysis of granular soils, reinforced with innovative grid-anchor system\u201d. Iranian Journal of Science &#038; Technology, Vol. 34, No. B4, pp 419-431.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tRavi Gupta, Rakesh Kumar, P.K. Jain. \u201cBehaviour of circular footing resting on three dimensional confined sand\u201d.Int J AdvEngg Tech\/Vol. V\/Issue II\/April-June,2014\/11-13.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tSareeshChandrawanshi, Rakesh Kumar, Dr.Suneet Kaur, Dr. P.K. Jain. \u201cEffect of skirt on pressure settlement behaviour of model circular\u201d. Int J AdvEngg Tech\/Vol. V\/Issue II\/April-June,2014\/01-05.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tP.K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar and Ravi Gupta. \u201cBehavior of circular footing resting on two dimensionally and three dimensionally skirted foundations in medium dense sand\u201d. Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies\/III\/IV\/July-Sept.,2014\/45-47.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">H.C.Muddaraju, Avinash.N ,   Mashyala Sharanamm &#8220;Study on the Performance of Square Footing Resting on Reinforced Sand Beds under Repeated Loading&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.93-97 October 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/93-97.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/93-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/study-on-the-performance-of-square-footing-resting-on-reinforced-sand-beds-under-repeated-loading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Study on the Performance of Square Footing Resting on Reinforced Sand Beds under Repeated Loading<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c122269 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c122269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c122345 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c122345\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1224c4\" data-id=\"c1224c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1225ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1225ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c12268a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c12268a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c12289e\" data-id=\"c12289e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1229cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1229cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c122a72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c122a72\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c122bc6\" data-id=\"c122bc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c122ccb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c122ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c122d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c122d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c122ec4\" data-id=\"c122ec4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c122fde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c122fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Business Education \u2013 Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Prof. V. Pushpa Shetty &#8211; October 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 98-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c123079 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c123079\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1231f2\" data-id=\"c1231f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c12330f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"c12330f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2021\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2021\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Education is a dialogue of a linked chain between the past, present and the future. To quote, Aurobindo, the philosopher, \u201cthe past is our foundation, the present our material, the future is our aim and an ultimate goal. Each must have its due and natural place in the national system of education\u201d<br \/>\r\nPost-Independence, globalization coupled with demographic dividend, innovations in research &#038; technology, the country is getting ready to adopt strategies that will provide new horizons through education, which will help change and transform societal wellbeing and prepare the youth to shoulder the challenging future with responsibility.<br \/>\r\nGlobalization generating innumerous job opportunities requires management graduates. In this scenario, management education opens up unlimited opportunities for its aspirants. With this immense demand for management professionals and subsequent mushrooming of management institutes in India, the concern is the challenges, which lie ahead of management education. Though India is conducting one of the largest systems of management education in the world, a lot remains to be achieved when compared globally. It has a crucial role in nurturing aspiring business professionals to shoulder corporate responsibilities in the changing context in a more professional manner both as Indians and global corporate citizens in the global economy.<br \/>\r\nThis exploratory study envisages analyzing the demand, the need and the way forward for responsible management education to nurture the aspiring business students to meet the corporate challenges for a sustainable business and societal well-being which has drawn a lot of deliberations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 98-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2022\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2022\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. V. Pushpa Shetty<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAditya Institute of Management Studies &#038; Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2023\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2023\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tGardiner, L. and Lacy, P., (2005), \u201cLead, respond, partner or ignore: the role of Business Schools on corporate responsibility\u201d Corporate Governance, vol.5, no.2, pp 174-185.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tGhoshal, S., (2005). Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices. Academy of Management Learning &#038; Education, 4(1): 75-91<br \/>\r\n[3].\tHolland K (2009): Is It Time to Retrain B-Schools?, http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/03\/15\/\/<br \/>\r\n[4].\tJacobs, M, (2009): How Schools Have Failed Business: Why not More Education on the Responsibility of Boards; http:\/\/onllne.wsj.com\/article\/SB124052874488350333.html,<br \/>\r\n[5].\tKohlberg, L. (1976), \u201cMoral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive Developmental Approach\u201d, in Lickona T, ed, Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research, and Social Issues, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: New York<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMintzberg, Henry. (2005), \u201cManagers not MBAs: A hard look at the soft practice of Managing and management development\u201d, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tNational Knowledge Commission, (2005); New Delhi:  http:\/\/www.knowledgecommission.gov.in\/\/<br \/>\r\n[8].\tPrinciples for Responsible Management Education:  http:\/\/www.unprme.org\/\/<br \/>\r\n[9].\tStewart Hart; (1997), Pg.76; Harvard Business Review.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tUnited Nations Global Compact https:\/\/www.unglobalcompact.org\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2024\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2024\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. V. Pushpa Shetty &#8220;Business Education \u2013 Way Forward&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 10, pp.98-101 October 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/98-101.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2025\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2025\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-10\/98-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2026\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2026\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/business-education-way-forward\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Business Education \u2013 Way Forward<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1240c8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c1240c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Plan and Execution of Solar Charge Controller with MPPT Algorithm Utilizing Arduino R. Ganesan, C. Karuppasamy, S. 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