{"id":2416,"date":"2018-11-15T14:09:32","date_gmt":"2018-11-15T14:09:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2416"},"modified":"2018-12-12T12:46:31","modified_gmt":"2018-12-12T12:46:31","slug":"volume-v-issue-xi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-v-issue-xi\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume V Issue XI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2416\" class=\"elementor elementor-2416 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc02d89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc02d89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc03040\" data-id=\"bc03040\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc031f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc031f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Finite Element Analysis of Coir Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Pavements<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shaina Hashim, Satyakumar M &#8211; November 2018 Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc03548 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc03548\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc03763\" data-id=\"bc03763\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc03904 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc03904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The maintenance of rural roads is becoming an increasing challenge as a result of the rapid growth of the network and increase in traffic volume. Fiber reinforcement of bituminous mixes can be easily adopted in rural road construction without any appreciable increase in construction cost. Only limited studies are there in the field of thin bituminous mixes used for rural road. Coir fiber has been used as the reinforcement for bituminous mix based on laboratory studies. A three layer pavement system was considered for the study comprising of subgrade, base and surface course. The pavement system was modelled using two dimensional finite element method and the tensile strain in the interface between bituminous layer and base and compressive strain above the subgrade are determined; which are the design criteria for design of pavement in M-E method. The increase in service life of the pavements is expressed as Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR). This study has shown that coir fiber reinforcement when correctly introduced can reduce the rutting and improve the life of pavements even in thin bituminous pavements.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 15 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shaina Hashim<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLocal Self Government Department, Government of Kerala<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Satyakumar M<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLocal Self Government Department, Government of Kerala<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abdelaziz Maharez, Mohamed Rehan Karim,(2005), \u201cFatigue and Deformation Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Mixes\u201d, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 6<br \/>\r\n[2]. Animesh Das, Pandey.B.B,(1999), \u201cM-E Design of Bituminous road: an Indian Perspective\u201d, Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol.125, No.5<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bathe, K. J. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Chandra, S., Viladkar, M. N. and Prashant, P. N. (2008), \u201cMechanistic Approach for Fiber Reinforced Flexible Pavements\u201d, ASCE (10). pp.1061-1069<br \/>\r\n[5]. Chen-Ming Kuo ,Fang-Ju Chou,(2004), \u201cDevelopment Of 3-D Finite Element Model For Flexible Pavements\u201d Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 707<br \/>\r\n[6]. Dassault System\u2019s Simulia Corp, The ABAQUS 6.11-1 user&#8217;s manual, USA, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Elahe Ghasemi Salehabadi , (2012), \u201cThe Linear Elastic Analysis of Flexible Pavement by the Finite Element Method and Theory of Multiple-Layers System\u201d Switzerland Research Park Journal, Vol. 101, No. 9; September 2012, 363-371<br \/>\r\n[8]. Helwany, S., Dyer, J., and Leidy, J. (1998), \u201cFinite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavements\u201d, Journal of Transportation Engineering, pp: 491\u2013499.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Hibbit, Karlsson, Sorensen(2001), \u201cABAQUS, Finite Element Computer Program. Theory Manual. Version 6.3-1\u201d,Inc., Pawtucket, USA<br \/>\r\n[10]. Huang, Y H (1993) \u201cPavement Analysis and Design\u201d , Prentice \u2013Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ<br \/>\r\n[11]. IRC 37 -2012,\u201cTentative Guidelines For The Design Of Flexible Pavements\u201d<br \/>\r\n[12]. IRC:SP:72-2015, \u201cGuidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements for Low Volume Rural Roads\u201d<br \/>\r\n[13]. Jayhyun Kwon, Erol Tutumluer, Imad L. Al-Qadi,(2009) \u201cValidated Mechanistic Model for Geogrid Base Reinforced Flexible Pavements\u201d, Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 135, No. 12, pp. 915-926<br \/>\r\n[14]. Lu Sun, Ronald Hudson, Zhanming Zhang, (2003), \u201c Empirical \u2013Mechanistic Method Based Stochastic Modelling of Fatigue Damage to Predict Flexible Pavement Cracking for Transportation Infrastructure Management\u201d, Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, Vol129, No2, pp-109-117<br \/>\r\n[15]. Mostafa A. Elseifi, Imad L. Al-Qadi, F. ,Pyeong Jun Yoo,(2006), \u201c Viscoelastic Modeling and Field Validation of Flexible Pavements\u201d, Journal of Engineering Mechanics , Vol. 132, No. 2<br \/>\r\n[16]. Osama Mahmoud Yassenn, IntanRohani, Mohamed Ahmed Hafez, Hazem Mahmood Yaseen, (2015), \u201cFinite Element Modelling of Flexible Pavement\u201d, Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 3159-0040 Vol. 2 Issue 1, January<br \/>\r\n[17]. Rahman M.T. , Mahmud K , Ahsan S, (2011), Stress\u00ad Strain Characteristics of Flexible pavement using Finite Element Analysis\u201d, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 2<br \/>\r\n[18]. Ranadive MS, Katkar AG,(2010), \u201cFinite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavements\u201d, Indian Highways, June 2010<br \/>\r\n[19]. Satyakumar. M, Shaina Hashim, (2016), \u201cComparitive Study On Properties Of Coir Fiber And Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Mixes\u201d Indian Highways, June 2016 pp17-25<br \/>\r\n[20]. Yoder, E. J., and Witczak, M. W. (1975).Principles of pavement design, 2nd Ed., Wiley, N.Y.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shaina Hashim, Satyakumar M &#8220;Finite Element Analysis of Coir Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Pavements&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.01-05 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/01-05.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/finite-element-analysis-of-coir-fiber-reinforced-bituminous-pavements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finite Element Analysis of Coir Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Pavements<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc047f7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc047f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc048e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc048e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc04a79\" data-id=\"bc04a79\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc04bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc04bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc04c6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc04c6b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc04dde\" data-id=\"bc04dde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc04eec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc04eec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc04f96 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc04f96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc05100\" data-id=\"bc05100\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc05220 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc05220\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Green Computing: An Era of Energy-Efficient Computing Over Cloud <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Shailesh Saxena, Ankur Kumar, Shreyi Mittal &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 06-10<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc052bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc052bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc055cd\" data-id=\"bc055cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0571e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc0571e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cloud computing is the Buzzword in the ICT sector for high performance computing. It continues grabbing headlines as one of the biggest technology trends gains momentum. Cloud provides lots of benefits in the fields of Businesses and individuals, like high performance, convenience and cost savings, so they increasingly choose cloud services to stay competitive. Our main focus is on the capabilities of the cloud due to which we forget about the environmental impacts derived from the technology. In the business world Cloud computing contributes to the green computing movement through energy and resource efficiency. As energy costs are increasing while availability dwindles, so it is required to focus on optimisation of energy efficiency while maintaining high service level performance rather than optimising data centre resource management. This paper highlights the impact of Green Cloud computing model that accomplishes not just efficient processing and utilisation of computing infrastructure, but also reduce energy consumption. This paper exhibits the methods which increase the power efficiency and minimize power consumption of the data centers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-10\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shailesh Saxena <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of CSE, SRMS CETR, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ankur Kumar <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of CSE, SRMS CETR, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shreyi Mittal <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of CSE, SRMS CETR, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Che-Yuan Tu; Wen-Chieh Kuo; Yao-Tsung Wang; Shiau, S.; \u201cE2CC: Building energy efficient ClassCloud using DRBL,\u201d Grid Computing, 2009 10th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on, vol., no., pp.189-195, 13-15 Oct. 2009.doi: 10.1109\/GRID.2009.5353060<br \/>\r\n[2]. Baliga, J.; Ayre, R.W.A.; Hinton, K.; Tucker, R.S.; \u201cGreen Cloud Computing: Balancing Energy in Processing, Storage, and Transport,\u201d Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.99, no.1, pp.149-167, Jan. 2011.doi: 10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2060451<br \/>\r\n[3]. \u2018High Performance Buildings: Data Centers Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)\u2019 http:\/\/hightech.lbl.gov\/documents\/UPS\/Final_UPS_Report.pdf<br \/>\r\n[4]. M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. D. Joseph, R. Katz, A. Konwinski, G. Lee, D. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, and M. Zaharia, \u201cA view of cloud computing,\u201d Commun. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 50\u201358, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[5]. R. Buyya, \u201cMarket-oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality of delivering computing as the 5th utility,\u201d in Proc. Int. Symp. Cluster Comput. Grid, May 2009, p. 1.<br \/>\r\n[6]. L. A. Barroso and U. H\u00f6lzle, \u201cThe case for energy-proportional computing,\u201d IEEE Comput., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 33\u201337, Dec. 2007.<br \/>\r\n[7]. L. A. Barroso and U. H\u00f6lzle, &#8220;The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines&#8221;. San Rafael, CA: Morgan and Claypool, 2009<br \/>\r\n[8]. L. Minas and B. Ellison, Energy Efficiency for Information Technology: How to Reduce Power Consumption in Servers and Data Centers. Intel Press, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[9]. S. Akiyama, T. Hirofuchi, R. Takano, and S. Honiden, \u201cMiyakoDori: A Memory Reusing Mechanism for Dynamic VM Consolidation,\u201d in Cloud Computing (CLOUD), 2012 IEEE 5th International Conference on, pp. 606\u2013613, IEEE, 2012.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shailesh Saxena, Ankur Kumar, Shreyi Mittal &#8220;Green Computing: An Era of Energy-Efficient Computing Over Cloud &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.06-10 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/06-10.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/06-10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/green-computing-an-era-of-energy-efficient-computing-over-cloud\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Green Computing: An Era of Energy-Efficient Computing Over Cloud <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc06526 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc06526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc06602 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc06602\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc06798\" data-id=\"bc06798\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc068c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc068c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0697d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0697d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc06ae6\" data-id=\"bc06ae6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc06bf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc06bf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc06c9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc06c9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc06e14\" data-id=\"bc06e14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc06f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc06f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Home Automation Security System with IoT and Embedded System <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Khyati Baghel, Deepak Sharma- November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 11-13<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc06fdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc06fdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0716f\" data-id=\"bc0716f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc072af elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc072af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper explains the importance of accessing modern smart homes over the IOT and embedded system and highlights various security issues associated with it. Home automation allows us to control household appliances like lighting, door locks, heating, fan, air conditioning etc. It also provides home security and emergency system to be activated. Home automation system not only refers to reduce human efforts but also energy efficiency and time saving. The main objective of this paper is home automation and security such as access control and alarm systems in smart door locks. When connected with the internet, home devices are an important constituent of the IoT. There are number of applications addressing home automation and monitoring involving infrared\/Bluetooth or Ethernet or Wi-Fi.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 11-13\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khyati Baghel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Deepak Sharma<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Reza Malekian, Ning Ye Arun Cyril Jose, &#8220;Improving Home Automation Security; Integrating Device Fingerprinting into Smart Home,&#8221; IEEE Access 4, pp. 5776-5787, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Arun Cyril jose and Reza Malekian, &#8220;Improving Smart Home Security; Integrating Logical Sensing into Smart Home,&#8221; IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 4269-4286, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Murizah Kassim and Cik Ku Haroswati Che Ku Yahya Azfarina Jaafar, &#8220;Dynamic home automation security(DyHAS) alert system with laser interfaces on webpages and windows mobile using respberry Pi,&#8221; Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC), 2016 7th IEEE, pp. 153-158, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[4]. D. Wijekoon, M. Tharugasini, I. Perera, C. Silva K. Atukorala, &#8220;SmartEye &#8211; Integrated solution to home automation,&#8221; , 2009, pp. 64-69.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Lakshmi P. and Santhanalakshmi S. Brundha S.M., &#8220;Home Automation in Client-Server Approach with User Notification along with Efficient Security Alerting system,&#8221; in Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon), 2017 International Conference On. IEEE, 2017, pp. 596-601.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Jayashri Bangali and Arvind Shaligram, \u201cDesign and Implementation of Security Systems for Smart Home based on GSM technology\u201d, International Journal of Smart Home Vol.7, No.6 (2013), pp.201-208.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Deepali Javale, Mohd. Mohsin, Shreerang Nandanwar, Mayur Shingate, \u201cHome Automation and Security System Using Android ADK\u201d, International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT) Volume 3 Issue 2 (March 2013).<br \/>\r\n[8]. A. Juels RFID security and privacy: A research survey IEEE Journal on chosen areas in Computing, 24(2):381\u2013 394, February 2006.<br \/>\r\n[9]. N. Agarwal and S. G. Nayak, \u201cMicrocontroller based home security system with remote monitoring,&#8221; Special Issue of International Journal of Computer Applications\u201d, pp. 38-41, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[10]. A. Tseloni, R. Thompson, L. Grove, N. Tilley, and G. Farrell, &#8220;The effectiveness of burglary security devices&#8221;, Security Journal, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Sheikh Izzal Azid and Sushil Kumar, \u201cAnalysis and Performance of a Low Cost SMS Based Home Security System\u201d, International Journal of Smart Home, vol. 5, no. 3, (2011) July.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Khyati Baghel, Deepak Sharma &#8220;Home Automation Security System with IoT and Embedded System &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp. 11-13 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/11-13.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/11-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/home-automation-security-system-with-iot-and-embedded-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Home Automation Security System with IoT and Embedded System <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc08509 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc08509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc085f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc085f9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0878c\" data-id=\"bc0878c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc088b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc088b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc08968 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc08968\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc08ae5\" data-id=\"bc08ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc08c00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc08c00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc08ca0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc08ca0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc08e2c\" data-id=\"bc08e2c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc08f4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc08f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Optimal Monetary Policy Instrument in Setting Monetary Policy Reaction Function in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ibrahim Umar Bambale, Abubakar Isah Funtua &#8211; November 2018 Page No.: 40-45<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc08fea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc08fea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc09173\" data-id=\"bc09173\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc092a4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc092a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper sets out to ascertain the performance of alternative monetary policy instruments in setting monetary policy reaction function in Nigeria and, in the process identify whether setting monetary policy reaction function using the interest rate as the policy instrument is superior to setting monetary policy reaction function using the money growth rate as the policy instrument in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the performance of the alternative specifications in setting monetary policy reaction function is considered following three types of shocks the economy is historically susceptible to for comparative purpose. This is done using a calibrated small open-economy New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model of the Nigerian Economy. Within this framework, the alternative specifications are ranked based on the results of social welfare loss. The study shows that 1.3279 is the minimum welfare loss result of setting monetary policy reaction function using the interest rate as the policy instrument, compared with 1.02 minimum welfare loss result of setting monetary policy reaction function using the money growth rate as the policy instrument. The paper concludes that using the money growth rate option is welfare superior to using the interest rate option in Nigeria. Therefore, the result suggests that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should consider using money growth rate in setting monetary policy reaction function, which is consistent with anti-inflationary policies.\/p&gt;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 40-45\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibrahim Umar Bambale<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economic, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Isah Funtua <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics &amp; Development Studies, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Garcia CJ. Is the Phillips curve useful for monetary policy in Nigeria? 2010.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ojo MO. Transition to Full-Fledged Inflation Targeting: A Proposed Programme for Implementation by the Central Bank of Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria; 2013.<br \/>\r\n[3]. CBN. Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model for Monetary Policy Analysis in Nigeria. In: Department CBoNR, editor. Abuja2013. p. 106.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Poole W. Optimal choice of monetary policy instruments in a simple stochastic macro model. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1970;84(2):197-216.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Taylor JB, editor Using monetary policy rules in emerging market economies. revised version of a paper presented at the 75 th Anniversary Conference,\u201cStabilization and Monetary Policy: The International Experience,\u201d Bank of Mexico, November; 2000.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Adebiyi MA, Mordi C, editors. Estimating Small Scale Macroeconometric Model (SSMM) For Nigeria: A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach. EcoMod 2010-International Conference on Economic Modelling; 2010.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Alege PO. Macroeconomic policies and business cycles in Nigeria: 1970-2004: Covenant University; 2008.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Auray S, F\u00e8ve P. On the observational (non) equivalence of money growth and interest rate rules. Journal of Macroeconomics. 2008;30(3):801-16.<br \/>\r\n[9]. V\u00e9gh CA. Monetary policy, interest rate rules, and inflation targeting: Some basic equivalences. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Friedman M, Schwartz A. A monetary history ofthe United States. Princeton University Press; 1963.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Taylor JB. Using Monetary Policy Rules in Emerging Market Economies. 2010.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Beltran D, Draper D. Estimating the parameters of a small open economy DSGE model: Identifiability and inferential validity. 2008.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Alpanda S, Kotz\u00e9 K, Woglom G. Should central banks of small open economies respond to exchange rate fluctuations? the case of South Africa. Economic Research Southern Africa, Working Paper. 2010;174.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Olayide O, Ikpi A, Okoruwa V, Akinyosoye V. Agricultural trade balance and food self-sufficiency: Implications for sustainable development in Nigeria. World Rural Observations. 2011;3(4):59-64.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Mohammed AA, Whitten GW. Exchange Rate Pass Through into Consumer Price Inflation and Macroeconomic Shocks in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation. 2016.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Senbeta SR. A Small Open Economy New Keynesian DSGE model for a foreign exchange constrained economy. 2011.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Taylor JB. A historical analysis of monetary policy rules. Monetary policy rules: University of Chicago Press; 1999. p. 319-48.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Gali J, Monacelli T. Optimal monetary and fiscal policy in a currency union. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ibrahim Umar Bambale, Abubakar Isah Funtua &#8220;Optimal Monetary Policy Instrument in Setting Monetary Policy Reaction Function in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) vol.2 issue 11, pp.40-45 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-2-issue-11\/40-45.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijriss\/Digital-Library\/volume-2-issue-11\/40-45.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/optimal-monetary-policy-instrument-in-setting-monetary-policy-reaction-function-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimal Monetary Policy Instrument in Setting Monetary Policy Reaction Function in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0a0dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc0a0dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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November 2018 Page No.: 14-18<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0af35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0af35\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0b093\" data-id=\"bc0b093\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0b1dd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc0b1dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Back ground- Anemia is a condition where hemoglobin levels in blood falls below the normal levels. RBC and their oxygen carrying capacity are insufficient to meet physiological needs. However for detecting anemia the WHO has recommended certain cutoff levels of hemoglobin for different ages below which the individual is consideration is anemic.<br \/>\r\nObjectives: To access the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in a tertiary care hospital.<br \/>\r\nMaterials and methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted in Santhiram medical college and general hospital, Nandyal from July 2017 to December 2017, to study the prevalence of anemia and risk factors among population, where clinical data are collected by using case sheets to study anemic conditions were diagnosed based on complete blood picture (HB, MCV) levels, past medical history and dietary habits.<br \/>\r\nStudy design: A total of 84 patients were evaluated for their anemia condition, out of which 69 patients showed positive results, to anemia. The prevalence and risk factors of anemia was summarized as count and percentage. A chi-square test was used to asses, the prevalence among different age groups-gender and risk factor identification based on diet, age group, past medical history.<br \/>\r\nResults: out of all the subjects 72.6% (n=61) are anemic, in this female subjects showed 78%,male subjects showed 28% and Risk factor assessment was done.<br \/>\r\nDiscussion: In the current study we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in population presiding in Santhiram general hospital, Nandyal. In our study prevalence of anemia is alarmingly high. Microcytic type is highly observed. Female subjects are more prone to anemia compared to male subjects. Anemia condition is common in the age group of 55-65 years. Chronic kidney disorder is the major risk factor for causing anemia. This was compared to World Health Organization criteria.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: Our study proves that prevalence of anemia is more in female with age group 55-65 years in that Microcytic anemia is commonly observed. Our study advises that, age, traditional eating habits, past medical history of the subjects are main reason for arising anemia. Providing health and nutrition education will be the key involvements to prevent and control this huge health problem.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 14-18\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ch.Archana<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.Siva Sankar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D.Jyothi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C.Bhargava Reddy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G.Venugopal Gupta<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of General Medicine, Santhiram Medical College &amp; General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Matthew Rong Jie Tay, Yong Yau Ong, FRCP (Edin), FRACP, \u201cPrevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia in Older hospitalized Patients\u201d sage journals, (20),(2011),71-78.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Debjit Chattopadhyay, Shouvanik Adhya, \u201cprevalence of anaemia among OPD patients of a tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India\u201d J. Dental and Medical Sciences, 10,(6), (2013), 1-3<br \/>\r\n[3]. Mohamed Ag Ayoya, Ismael Ngnie-Teta, Marie nancy seraphin, aisa Mamadoultaibou, Ellen Boldon, Jean Ernst saint-Fleur, Leslie koo, Samuel Bernard \u201cprevalence and Risk factors of Anaemia among Children 6-59 Months Old in Haiti\u201d Hindawi publishing corporation anaemia (2013), 2013, 1-3.<br \/>\r\n[4]. M D Ughasoro, MBBS Mph, MSC (Health Economics), FWACP; I J Emodi, MBBS, FMCPaed; H U Okafor, MBBS FWACP, FMCPaed; B C lbe, MBBS,FWACP, FMCPaed, \u201cprevalence and risk factors of anaemia in paediatric patients in South-East Nigeria\u201d South African Journal of Child Health, (9), (2015), 14-17.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Sajini varghese, surya kandashamparambil kamalakarababu, surash sabastian vadakkedam, \u201cprevalence and severity of anaemia among hospitalized children aged 6-59 months\u201d, J.Evolution Med.Dent.Sci. (6),iss 82,(2017),5740-54.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Al-Ahmad A, Aand WM, Manjunath G, \u201cReduced kidney function and anemia as risk factors for mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 38, (2001), 955-62.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Kuster GM, Moschovitis G, Tanner H, \u201cPrevalence of anaemia in chronic heart failure\u201d, Int J Cardiol, 86, (2002), 115-21.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Muthusamy BG, Sumithra S, Venugopal V, \u201cPrevalence of anaemia among the hospitalized children in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital. Int J Contemp pediatr, (2), (2017), 431-7.<br \/>\r\n[9]. De Jager J, Kooy A, Lehert P, Wulffele MG, Van der kolk J, Bets D, \u201cLong term treatment with metformine in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomized placebo controlled trial, British Medical Journal, 340, (2010).<br \/>\r\n[10]. Boogaerts MA, Joosten E, Hiele M, Noyen, Pelemans W, Verhaeghe R, \u201cPrevalence and causes of anaemia in a geriatric hospitalized population\u201d,Gerontology, (1-2),(1992),111-7.<br \/>\r\n[11]. WHO Global Database on anaemia, \u201cWorldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. Geneva, Switzerland\u201d, World Health Organization, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Chhatwal J. Kaur G.Verma M, \u201cprevalence of anemia among urban school children of Punjab\u201d, Indian Paediatr,(12),(1988),1181 -6.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Bobrow E, brooker S, Hall A, Jukes M,Lambo J, Nokes K, \u201cAnaemia in schoolchildren in eight countries in Africa and Asia. Public health Nutrition, 4, (2001), 749-56.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ch.Archana, D.Siva Sankar, D.Jyothi, C.Bhargava Reddy, G.Venugopal Gupta &#8220;A Prospective Observational Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.14-18 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/14-18.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/14-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-prospective-observational-study-on-prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-anemia-in-a-tertiary-care-hospital\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Prospective Observational Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0bff4 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc0bff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c0ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0c0ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c275\" data-id=\"bc0c275\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c38f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0c38f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c43a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0c43a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c5ab\" data-id=\"bc0c5ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c6c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0c6c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effect of Non Pharmalogical (Chayote, Aerobic Exercise, and Rosella Tea) on Blood Pressure of Menopause Women Who Have Hypertension<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nurul Hidayah, Marsaid, Sulastyawati &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 19-24<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0c764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0c8fe\" data-id=\"bc0c8fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0cbcc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc0cbcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Hypertension rarely didn\u2019t show signs and symptoms, so that it was known as \u2018the silent killer\u2019. It could continue for many years till the sufferer fell down into emergency condition and it exposed to heart disease, stroke, or kidney damage and lead to death. Hypertension often happened toward almost women after in the age of 55 or who experienced menopause. Hypertension could be controlled by pharmacology and nonpharmacology (complementary) treatment. Many patients chose a safer way than taking medicine. Those ways included doing exercise in regularly, a balanced diet, reducing salt intake, losing weight, avoiding smoking or using traditional medicine or herbs. Herbal therapy is a process of healing by using various medicinal herbs medicine. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of chayote, rosella tea, and aerobic exercise toward blood pressure of menopause women and experiencing hypertension. This research useda quasy experiment with 45 subjects. Inclusion criteria were menopause and hypertensivewomen with a purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed to give result that there was significant effect of giving chayote juice and rosella tea to the decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However aerobic exercise had no significant effect.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 19-24\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nurul Hidayah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNursing Department, Malang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Marsaid<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNursing Department, Malang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sulastyawati<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nNursing Department, Malang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. World Health Organisation (WHO), \u201cNew data highlight increases inhypertension, diabetes incidence,\u201d Available on: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2012, 2012. Accessed on : September, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Sustrany, Lan., \u201cHipertensi Dan Diabetes Mellitus,. PT. Gramedia Jakarta Utama , Jakarta, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bambang, Hartono.,\u201cHipertensi: The Sillent Killer. Artikel Penelitian dalamRangka hari Hipertensi Sedunia,\u201d Perhimpunan Hipertensi Indonesia, Jakarta, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Junaidi,I., \u201cStroke beware of threats,\u201d Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Bangun, AP, \u201cJuice therapy and Traditional Herbs for hypertension,\u201d Agro Media Pustaka, Jakarta, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Nisa, I., \u201cAjaibnya terapi herbaltumpas penyakit darah tinggi,\u201d Dunia Sehat , Jakarta, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Lingga Kurniasari.,\u201cPengaruh Pemberian Jus Tomat terhadap TekananDarah pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi di Panti Sosial Tresna WherdaUnit Abiyoso Yogyakarta,. Naskah Publikasi Program Studi IlmuKeperawatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Aisyiyah, Yogyakarta, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Pinasthika, Gavrila.,\u201cPengaruh Pemberian Seduhan Kelopak Kering Bunga Rosella(Hibiscus sabdarifa) Terhadap Tekanan Darah Penderita Prehipertensi dan HipertensiGrade 1 yang Diedukasi Gaya Hidup Sehat,\u201dAvailable on: https:\/\/eprints.undip.ac.id\/33299\/1\/Gavrila_P.pdf.\/\/\u200e\u200e, Accessed on: Mei, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Suyono, S.,\u201cScience of internal medicine,\u201d Edition 3(2), PKUI, Jakarta, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Astari, et al., \u201cThe influence of elderly gymnastics on elderly blood pressure with hypertension in elderly gymnastic group in Banjar Kaja Sesetan, South Denpasar,\u201d Unpublished, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Perry HM Jr, Davis BR, Price TR, et al., \u201cEffect of treating isolatedsystolic hypertension on the risk of developing various types and subtypesof stroke: the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP),\u201d JAMA, 284, pp. 465\u201371, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK., \u201cAdequacy of sample size in health studies,\u201d World Health Organization, 1-4, 1990.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Notoatmodjo, Sukidjo. \u201cHealth Research Methodology,\u201d Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Hidayat A., \u201cMenopause sebagai Peristiwa Biopsikososial,\u201dJakarta ,2012.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Gardner, F Samuel, \u201cSmart Treatment for High Blood Pressure,\u201d Prestasi Pustakaraya,Jakarta, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Giriwijoyo,S., \u201cSports for Health,\u201d. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Flick, G.J. Jr, Aung, L.H., Ory, R.L., and St Angelo, A.J.,\u201cNutrient composition and selected enzymeactivities in Sechium edule Sw, the mirliton,\u201d Journal ofFood Science,42, pp.11\u201313, 1977.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Maryani, Herti and Kristiana, Lusi.,\u201cBenefits of rosella,\u201d Agro Media Pustaka, Jakarta, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Widyanto, Poppy and Anne Nelistya,\u201cVarious processed Rosella, Benefits, &amp; Potion,\u201d Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Nursalam, \u201cConcept and Application of Research Methodology of Nursing Science,\u201d Salemba Medika, Jakarta, 2008<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nurul Hidayah, Marsaid, Sulastyawati &#8220;The Effect of Non Pharmalogical (Chayote, Aerobic Exercise, and Rosella Tea) on Blood Pressure of Menopause Women Who Have Hypertension&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.19-24 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/19-24.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/19-24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-non-pharmalogical-chayote-aerobic-exercise-and-rosella-tea-on-blood-pressure-of-menopause-women-who-have-hypertension\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Effect of Non Pharmalogical (Chayote, Aerobic Exercise, and Rosella Tea) on Blood Pressure of Menopause Women Who Have Hypertension<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0da44 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc0da44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0db0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0db0b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0dc80\" data-id=\"bc0dc80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0ddad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0ddad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0de50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0de50\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0dfa7\" data-id=\"bc0dfa7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e0c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0e0c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e16c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0e16c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e2cc\" data-id=\"bc0e2cc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e3df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0e3df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Hurun Ain, Nurul Hidayah, Marsaid &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 25-30<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e47c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0e47c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e607\" data-id=\"bc0e607\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0e72b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc0e72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Hypertension is one of the most influential risk factors for the incidence of heart disease and blood vessels. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure decrease in hypertensive patients. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation to decrease blood pressure. This study using a quasy experimental design, by non equivalent control group. Fifty sample were recruited by consecutive sampling with the criteria that they had hypertension with systolic blood pressure \u2265140-160 mmHg and\/or diastolic blood pressure \u226590 &#8211; 100 mmHg, aged &lt;60 years. Sample divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was given progressive muscle relaxation for 3 consecutive days and measured the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analyzed by Paired t test, wilcoxon sign rank test, Independent t test, and Mann Whitney test with significance level of 95%. The result showed that there was significant effect of progressive muscle relaxation on decreasing systolic blood pressure (p=0.00) but not for diastolic blood pressure (p=0.39). The progressive muscle relaxation effective to decrease blood pressure on hypertensive patient. Suggested nurses apply this intervention in helping to lower the patient&#8217;s blood pressure.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 25-30\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hurun Ain<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMalang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nurul Hidayah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMalang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Marsaid<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMalang State Health Polytechnic, Ijen Street 77C, Malang 65112, East Java, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kementerian Kesehatan RepublikIndonesia, \u201cMasalah Hipertensi diIndonesia,\u201d 2012, Available at: http:\/\/www.depkes.go.id\/index.php\/, Accessed on September, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur, \u201cProfil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2012,\u201d. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13398-014-0173-7.2, Accessed on September, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Schwickert, M., \u201cStress management in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension,\u201d MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 148(47), pp.. 40\u201342, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Abgrall-Barbry, G. and Consoli, S. M., \u201cPsychological approaches in hypertension management,\u201d Presse medicale, 35(62), pp. 1088\u201394, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Weisser, B., \u201cRelaxation techniques for patients with high blood pressure,\u201d MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 149(45), pp. 45\u201346, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Rainforth, M. V.,\u201cStress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis,\u201d Current hypertension reports, 9(6), pp. 520\u20138, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Bell, E. T. and Pedersen, A. H., \u201cThe Causes of Hypertension,\u201d Annals of Internal Medicine. American College of Physicians, 4(3), pp. 227, 1930.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Kannel, W. B., \u201cRisk factors in hypertension,\u201d Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 13 (1), pp. S4-10, 1989.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Laurenzi, M. et al., \u201cMultiple risk factors in hypertension: results from the Gubbio study,\u201d Journal of hypertension. Supplement, 8(1), pp. 07-12, 1990.<br \/>\r\n[10]. McCallie, M. S., Blum, C. M. and Hood, C. J.,\u201dProgressive Muscle Relaxation,\u201d Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 13(3), pp. 51\u201366, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Chellew, K. et al., \u201cThe effect of progressive muscle relaxation on daily cortisol secretion,\u201d Stress, 18(5), pp. 538\u2013544, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Pender, N. J.,\u201dEffects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and health locus of control among hypertensive adults,\u201d Research in Nursing &amp; Health. Wiley-Blackwell, 8(1), pp. 67\u201372, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Black, H. R. Henry R. and Elliott, W. J., \u201dHypertension\u202f: a companion to Braunwald\u2019s heart disease,\u201d Elsevier Saunders, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Li, Y. et al, \u201cProgressive Muscle Relaxation Improves Anxiety and Depression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients,\u201d Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, pp. 1\u20138, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Cottier, C., Shapiro, K. and Julius, S., \u201cTreatment of Mild Hypertension With Progressive Muscle Relaxation,\u201d Archives of Internal Medicine, 144(10), pp. 1954, 1984.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hurun Ain, Nurul Hidayah, Marsaid &#8220;Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp. 25-30 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/25-30.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/25-30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-progressive-muscle-relaxation-on-blood-pressure-reduction-in-hypertensive-patients\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0f602 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc0f602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0f6ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0f6ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0f855\" data-id=\"bc0f855\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0f98c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc0f98c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc0fa32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc0fa32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc10150\" data-id=\"bc10150\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc102b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc102b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Implementation of Autonomous Line Follower Robot Using Microcontroller <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sk Ebadattulla, Anwesha Kar, Tuhina Alam, Nisha Sarkar- November 2018 Page No.: 31-34<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1036a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1036a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc104f5\" data-id=\"bc104f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1061c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc1061c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper report to describes the technique for designing, controlling and improving our daily lives with the help of line follower (autonomous) robots.<br \/>\r\nIn today\u2019s busy world , these autonomous bots can save both time and energy by helping in industries where instead of employing a human operator we can set our desired tasks to the robot which can easily follow the repetitive path from source to destination and vice versa.<br \/>\r\nIt also finds in application in everyday household work such as floor cleaning and painting the walls.<br \/>\r\nSo here is a brief idea about what a line follower (autonomous) robot is:<br \/>\r\nIt is microcontroller based autonomous robot which detects and follows a path that can be invisible magnetic field or a visible path indicated by black line on a white surface(or vice versa).<br \/>\r\nThe system senses the line. This work is done by sensors \u2013 IR sensors. The IR sensors are mounted at the front end of the robot. The data from these sensors will be given to the microcontroller (Arduino board) which in turn sends the signal to the motor driver that in turn drives the motor of the robot based upon the information of IR sensors.<br \/>\r\nThis system hence can be used in a safe, efficient, time-saving way in industries as well as for daily purposes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 31-34\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 26 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sk Ebadattulla<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment-Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Anwesha Kar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment &#8211; Computer Science Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tuhina Alam<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment &#8211; Computer Science Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nisha Sarkar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment &#8211; Computer Science Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Aamir attar, aadil ansari, abhishek desai, shahid khan, dipashri sonawale publications ofInternational Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and NetworkingVolume-5, Issue-4, Aprl.-2017<br \/>\r\n[2]. Kriti Bhagat, Saylee Deshmukh, Shraddha Dhonde, Sneha Ghag publications of International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Subhranil Som, Arjun Shome by publication Subhranil Som Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6 (Version 3), June 2014.<br \/>\r\n[4]. M. S. Islam &amp; M. A. Rahman published by Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 2, No 2 (2013).<br \/>\r\n[5]. Prananjali Koppad, Vishnu Agarwal published by International Journal of Engineering Research &amp; Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181, IJERTV3IS090023 Vol. 3 Issue 9, September-2014<br \/>\r\n[6]. S. Akash, Bibek Kabi , Mr. S.Karthick published by International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 7, November 2009<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sk Ebadattulla, Anwesha Kar, Tuhina Alam, Nisha Sarkar &#8220;Design and Implementation of Autonomous Line Follower Robot Using Microcontroller &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.40-42 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/40-42.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/31-34.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-implementation-of-autonomous-line-follower-robot-using-microcontroller\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Design and Implementation of Autonomous Line Follower Robot Using Microcontroller <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc115ad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc115ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc11694 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc11694\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1197e\" data-id=\"bc1197e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc11bf6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc11bf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc11cbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc11cbf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc11f25\" data-id=\"bc11f25\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc12117 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc12117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Influence of Macro-Economic Factors on Stock Prices of KSE 100 Index <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Waqar Ahmed, Ahsan Aslam, Abdul Hakeem &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 35-44<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc121db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc121db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc124aa\" data-id=\"bc124aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc12601 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc12601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The ultimate purpose of this research was to examine the influence of inflation, interest rate and exchange rate upon the stock prices of KSE 100 index of Pakistan. In this study the author has used the time series annually data of 25 years with the time period from 1993 to 2017and with the usage of this data there are four tests applied descriptive test, unit root test, Johansson co integration test and vector error correction model test. According to the results of the above mentioned tests there is no short term and long term significant relation between macro-economic factors (inflation, interest rate and exchange rate) and stock prices of KSE 100 index of Pakistan. Hence, the inflation, interest rate and exchange rate do not influence the stock prices of KSE 100 index of Pakistan stock exchange.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 35-44\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Waqar Ahmed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Commerce Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ahsan Aslam<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCommerce Department Superior University Lahore, Pakistan<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul Hakeem<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nManagement Sciences Department Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ajayi, R. A., Friedman, J., &amp; Mehdian, S. M. (1998). On the relationship between stock returns and exchange rates: tests of Granger causality. Global finance journal, 9(2), 241-251.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., &amp; Sohrabian, A. (1992). Stock prices and the effective exchange rate of the dollar. Applied economics, 24(4), 459-464.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Fung, H.-G., Lie, C.-J., &amp; Moreno, A. (1990). The forecasting performance of the implied standard deviation in currency options. Managerial Finance, 16(3), 24-29.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Gemmill, G. (1996). Transparency and liquidity: A study of block trades on the London Stock Exchange under different publication rules. The journal of Finance, 51(5), 1765-1790.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Harvey, W. D., &amp; Ginsberg, M. L. (1995). Limited discrepancy search. Paper presented at the IJCAI (1).<br \/>\r\n[6]. Hoguet, G. R. (2008). Inflation and Stock Prices. State Street Global Advisors, 1-10.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Hunjra, A. I., Chani, M. I., Ijaz, M. S., Farooq, M., &amp; Khan, K. (2014). The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Prices in Pakistan.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Hussainey, K., &amp; Khanh Ngoc, L. (2009). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on Vietnamese stock prices. The Journal of Risk Finance, 10(4), 321-332.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Hussin, M. Y. M., Muhammad, F., Hussin, M. A., &amp; Razak, A. A. (2012). The relationship between oil price, exchange rate and Islamic stock market in Malaysia. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(5), 83-92.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Lobo, B. J. (2000). Asymmetric effects of interest rate changes on stock prices. Financial Review, 35(3), 125-144.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Muhammad, N., Rasheed, A., &amp; Husain, F. (2002). Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Are they Related? Evidence from South Asian Countries [with Comments]. The Pakistan Development Review, 535-550.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Smith Jr, C. W., &amp; Watts, R. L. (1992). The investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend, and compensation policies. Journal of financial Economics, 32(3), 263-292.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Solnik, B. (1987). Using financial prices to test exchange rate models: A note. The journal of Finance, 42(1), 141-149.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Waqar Ahmed, Ahsan Aslam, Abdul Hakeem &#8220;The Influence of Macro-Economic Factors on Stock Prices of KSE 100 Index &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.35-44 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/35-44.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/35-44.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-influence-of-macro-economic-factors-on-stock-prices-of-kse-100-index\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Influence of Macro-Economic Factors on Stock Prices of KSE 100 Index <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1349e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc1349e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1357c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1357c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc136f6\" data-id=\"bc136f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1381c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1381c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc138cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc138cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc13a30\" data-id=\"bc13a30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc13b46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc13b46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc13be7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc13be7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc13d46\" data-id=\"bc13d46\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc13e57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc13e57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc13ef5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc13ef5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc14068\" data-id=\"bc14068\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1418d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1418d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Clinical Decision Support System for Heart Diseases Using Extended Sub Tree <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Kulkarni Ravindranath Bhaskar, Kulkarni Radhika Ravindranath, Kulkarni Rashmi Ravindranath &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 45-49<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc14232 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc14232\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc143be\" data-id=\"bc143be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc14503 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc14503\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is a tool which helps doctors to make better and uniform decisions. There are many existing systems present which are used for diagnosing the diseases. For different types of diseases the existing CDSS systems changes with different algorithmic approaches. Every approach has its pros and cons. Selecting the positive aspect and overcoming the problems is the main motive.<br \/>\r\nThis paper focuses on comparative study of existing CDSS systems namely Mycin, DeDombal, Quick Medical Record (QMR), Internist 1. Also the paper focuses on different algorithmic approaches for CDSS. It also give comparative study for algorithmic approaches of heart diseases. The proposed system deals with the similarity matching function. In decision tree construction, the nodes are constructed on splitting attribute or the flag value. Hence if continuous value is to be handled then it can prove fatal. This kind of flaw is observed in ID3 algorithm. Hence to overcome this drawback Extended sub tree approach is implemented. The results show the comparative analysis between these two approaches.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 45-49\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kulkarni Ravindranath Bhaskar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBE Mechanical, Vaidya College, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kulkarni Radhika Ravindranath<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBE ENTC, MKSSS&#8217;s CCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kulkarni Rashmi Ravindranath<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nME Computer, MCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ali Shahbazi and James Miller&#8221;Extended Subtree: A new similarity function for Tree structured Data&#8221;, IEEE Transactions on knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol 25, No 4, April 2014.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Christophe Damas, Bernard Lambeau, and Axel van Lamsweerde ,&#8221;Analyzing Critical Decision-Based Processes &#8220;, IEEE Transcations on Software Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 4 , April 2014<br \/>\r\n[3]. Tapuria,A., Austin, T., Sun, S., Lea, N., Iliffe S., Kalra, D., Ingram, D., Patterson, D., &#8221; Clinical Advantages of decision support tool for anti coagulation control&#8221;, 2013 IEEE Point &#8211; of &#8211; Care Healthcare Technologies (PHT), Banglore, India, 16 &#8211; 18 January 2013.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Rodrigo C. Barros, M\u00b4arcio P. Basgalupp, Andr\u00b4e C. P. L. F. de Carvalho and Alex A. Freitas,&#8221; A Survey of Evolutionary Algorithms for Decision Tree Induction &#8220;, IEEE Transcations on Systems, Man ,and Cybernetics &#8211; Part C: Applications &amp; Reviews , Vol. X, No. X , January 2012<br \/>\r\n[5]. Gwenole Quellec, Mathieu Lamard, Lynda Bekri, Guy Cazuguel; \u201cMedical Case Retrieval From a Committee of Decision Trees\u201d, IEEE Transactions On Information Technology in Biomedicine , Vol. 14, No. 5, September 2011<br \/>\r\n[6]. Kittipol Wisaeng ,&#8221;Predict the Diagnosis of Heart Disease Using Feature Selection and k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm &#8220;,Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 8, no. 83, 4103 &#8211; 4113, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Dhanashree S. Medhekar1, Mayur P. Bote2, Shruti D. Deshmukh, &#8220;Heart Disease Prediction System using Naive Bayes&#8221;, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENHANCED RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY &amp; ENGINEERING VOL. 2 ISSUE 3, ISSN NO: 2319-7463, MARCH.-2013.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Shamsher Bahadur Patel 1, Pramod Kumar Yadav2, Dr. D. P.Shukla,&#8221; Predict the Diagnosis of Heart Disease Patients Using Classification Mining Techniques&#8221;, IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 4, Issue 2, PP 61-64 , July &#8211; August 2013<br \/>\r\n[9]. Punam Suresh Pawar, D. R. Patil, \u201cSurvey on clinical decision support system\u201d, April 2012<br \/>\r\n[10]. Chaitrali S. Dangare Sulabha S. Apte, &#8221; Improved Study of Heart Disease Prediction System using Data Mining Classification Techniques &#8220;,&#8221;International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 \u2013 888) Volume 47\u2013 No.10, June 2012<br \/>\r\n[11]. R. S. Bichkar,Dipak V. Patil,&#8221;Issues in Optimization of Decision Tree Learning: A Survey&#8221;, International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS) \u2013 ISSN : 2249-0868 Foundation of Computer Science FCS, New York, USA Volume 3 \u2013 No.5, July 2012<br \/>\r\n[12]. Hadi Sadoghi Yazdi,and Nima Salehi-Moghaddami,&#8221; Multi Branch Decision Tree: A New Splitting Criterion&#8221;,International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 45, August, 2012<br \/>\r\n[13]. Miss. Chaitrali S. Dangare1, Dr. Mrs. Sulabha S. Apte, &#8220;A DATA MINING APPROACH FOR PREDICTION OF HEART DISEASE USING NEURAL NETWORKS&#8221;, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING &amp; TECHNOLOGY (IJCET), ISSN 0976 \u2013 6375, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp. 30-40, October &#8211; December 2012<br \/>\r\n[14]. P.K. Anooj, &#8220;Clinical decision support system: Risk level prediction of heart disease using weighted fuzzy rules&#8221;,Journal of King Saud University \u2013 Computer and Information Sciences , 2012<br \/>\r\n[15]. Yang Zhang,Simon Fong,Jinan Fiaidhi,and SabahMohammed, &#8220;Real-Time Clinical Decision Support Systemwith Data StreamMining&#8221;, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2012<br \/>\r\n[16]. Mrs.G.Subbalakshmi,Mr. K. Ramesh, Mr. M. Chinna Rao ,&#8221;Decision Support in Heart Disease Prediction System using Naive Bayes&#8221; Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), ISSN : 0976-5166 Vol. 2 No. 2 , Apr-May 2011<br \/>\r\n[17]. Sunita Pachekhiya, Gwalior,&#8221;DISEASE DIAGNOSIS OF HEART MUSCLES USING ERROR BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK&#8221;, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 7, July 2011<br \/>\r\n[18]. Mai Shouman, Tim Turner, Rob Stocker,&#8221;Using Decision Tree for Diagnosing Heart Disease Patients&#8221;, Proceedings of the 9-th Australasian Data Mining Conference (AusDM&#8217;11), Ballarat, Australia, CRPIT Volume 121 &#8211; Data Mining and Analytics 2011<br \/>\r\n[19]. Omar F. El-Gayar , Amit Deokar, Matthew Wills, &#8220;Current Issues and Future Trends of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) &#8220;, IGI Global<br \/>\r\n[20]. Shawkat Ali , Kate A. Smith, &#8220;On learning algorithm selection for classification&#8221;, Science Direct<br \/>\r\n[21]. Dawn DOWDING, Rebecca RANDELL, Natasha MITCHELL, Rebecca FOSTER, Carl THOMPSON, Valerie LATTIMER and Nicky CULLUM, \u201cExperience and Nurses Use of Computerised Decision Support Systems\u201d, February 2010.<br \/>\r\n[22]. M. ANBARASI,E. ANUPRIYA, N.CH.S.N.IYENGAR, &#8220;Enhanced Prediction of Heart Disease with Feature Subset Selection using Genetic Algorithm &#8220;,International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(10), 5370-5376, ISSN: 0975-5462, 2010<br \/>\r\n[23]. Shantakumar B.Patil, Y.S.Kumaraswamy, &#8220;Intelligent and Effective Heart Attack Prediction System Using Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network &#8220;, European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.31 No.4, pp.642-656, 2009<br \/>\r\n[24]. M.M.Abbasi, S. Kashiyarndi, &#8220;Clinical Decision Support Systems: A discussion on different methodologies used in Health Care&#8221;<br \/>\r\n[25]. Peter Szolovits,&#8221;Uncertainty and Decisions in Medical Informatics&#8221;.<br \/>\r\n[26]. CARLA E., PAUL E. UTGOFF ,&#8221;Multivariate Decision Trees&#8221;.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Omar F. El-Gayar, Amit Deokar, Matthew Wills,&#8221; Current Issues and Future Trends of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)&#8221;.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kulkarni Ravindranath Bhaskar, Kulkarni Radhika Ravindranath, Kulkarni Rashmi Ravindranath &#8220;Clinical Decision Support System for Heart Diseases Using Extended Sub Tree &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp. 45-49 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/45-49.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/45-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/clinical-decision-support-system-for-heart-diseases-using-extended-sub-tree\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Clinical Decision Support System for Heart Diseases Using Extended Sub Tree <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc15382 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc15382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc15462 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc15462\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc15740\" data-id=\"bc15740\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1588b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1588b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc15950 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc15950\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc15ab7\" data-id=\"bc15ab7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc15bc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc15bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc15c85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc15c85\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc15dd5\" data-id=\"bc15dd5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc15ee3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc15ee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc15f7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc15f7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc160f6\" data-id=\"bc160f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1620a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1620a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Secure Solid Waste Bin Status Detection Using Image-Based Processing with Mobile Application: In case of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Bereket Simon, Dr. Sanjiv Rao &#8211; November 2018 Page No.: 50-56<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc162b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc162b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1641c\" data-id=\"bc1641c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc16551 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc16551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Nowadays, technology is integrating different applications to get fast, secure, reliable and efficient service. People are also adapting this new evolving technology as well. Mobile and web applications are one of this evolving technology and together make us to get and manage information in move. Solid waste management (SWM) is one of this information management which is used to manage and monitor the disposal of solid wastes particularly in the urban area. Because urban area is over populated so that people dispose wastes frequently. This disposal results in great challenge for SWM office. In developing counties like Ethiopia, this problem is categorized under top challenges which needs urgent solution to SWM office. This paper brings solution particularly for respective city municipals to effectively monitor and manage the Solid Waste Bin (SWB) by integrating mobile applications with image processing in secure manner. In the securing part, the recognized citizen has to be authenticated with his\/her finger tag and the specified location of the SWB through Global Position System (GPS). In the image processing part, the system receives the bin image, then processes the bin image by following pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and classifying\/matching steps. The image processing part has been simulated with optimized techniques by using MATLAB.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 50-56\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bereket Simon<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster\u2019s Scholar, Dept of Software Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa, Ethopia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Sanjiv Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Dept of Software Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa, Ethopia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. City Government of Addis Ababa Bureau of Finance and Economic Development Socio-Economic Profile of Addis Ababa For the Year 2004 E.C\/2011\/12G.C Policy Study and Analysis Sub Process May 2013.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Abiye, Tamiru Alemayehu, Sulieman, Hameed, Ayalew, Michael. &#8220;Use of treated wastewater for managed aquifer recharge in highly populated urban centers: a case study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.&#8221; Environmental Geology, 58.1 (2009): 55-59.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices and the Role of Public Participation in Jigjiga Town, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia Yohanis Birhanu, Genemo Berisa, International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy 2015; 3(5): 153-168 Published online October 27, 2015, ISSN: 2330-7528 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7536 (Online) Assessment of Solid Waste Management.<br \/>\r\n[4]. W Zailah, M A Hannan, Abdulla Al Mamun, \u201cImage Acquisition for Solid Waste Bin Level Classification and Grading\u201d, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(6): 3092-3096, 2012 ISSN 1819-544X.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Nida M. Zaitoun, Musbah J. Aqel, \u201cSurvey on Image Segmentation Techniques\u201d, International Conference on Communication, Management and Information Technology (ICCMIT 2015).<br \/>\r\n[6]. STEVEN D. GALBRAITH, \u201cMATHEMATICS OF PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY\u201d, University of Auckland.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Akshada Abnave, Mrunalini Chopade and Soudamini Pawar, \u201cSecure Examination Management System for M-Learning (SEMS)\u201d, Circulation in Computer Science Vol.2, No.2, pp: (31-35), March 2017 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22632\/ccs-2017-251-60.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Dave Singel\u00b4ee, Bart Preneel, \u201cThe Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)*\u201d, \u201cUnpublished\u201d, COSIC Internal Report September 2003.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Sukhjinder Kaur, \u201cNoise Types and Various Removal Techniques\u201d, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2015.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Shivani Sharma and Er. Kamal Kumar, \u201cA Comparison of Salt and Pepper Noise Removal Filters\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Prabhishek Singh and Raj Shree, PhD, \u201cA Comparative Study to Noise Models and Image Restoration Techniques\u201d, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 \u2013 8887) Volume 149 \u2013 No.1, September 2016.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Nidhi B.Patel and Krupa N. Jariwala, \u201cA Survey on Image Enhancement using Image Super-Resolution and Deblurring Methods\u201d, \u201cSubmitted\u201d. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR),<br \/>\r\n[13]. M. Hari Krishnan and R. Viswanathan, \u201cA New Concept of Reduction of Gaussian Noise in Images Based on Fuzzy Logic\u201d, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 7, 2013, no. 12, 595 \u2013 602.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Ashutosh Pattnaika, Sharad Agarwala and Subhasis Chanda,\u201d A New and Efficient Method for Removal of High Density Salt and Pepper Noise through Cascade Decision Based Filtering Algorithm\u201d, 2nd International Conference on Communication, Computing &amp; Security [ICCCS-2012].<br \/>\r\n[15]. J.R. Parker, \u201cAlgorithms for Image Processing and Computer Vision\u201d, \u201cBook\u201d, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, Second Edition\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Fayeem Aziz, Hamzah Arof*, Norrima Mokhtar, Marizan Mubin, Mohamad Sofian Abu Talip, \u201cRotation invariant bin detection and solid waste level classification\u201d, Elsevier journal homepage: www.elsevier.com\/ locate\/measurement, Measurement 65 (2015) 19\u201328.<br \/>\r\n[17]. B. Sch\u00f6lkopf, A.J. Smola, Learning with Kernels, MIT Press, 2002.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bereket Simon, Dr. Sanjiv Rao &#8220;Secure Solid Waste Bin Status Detection Using Image-Based Processing with Mobile Application: In case of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.50-56 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/50-56.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/50-56.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/secure-solid-waste-bin-status-detection-using-image-based-processing-with-mobile-application-in-case-of-addis-ababa-city-ethiopia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Secure Solid Waste Bin Status Detection Using Image-Based Processing with Mobile Application: In case of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1734e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc1734e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1744f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1744f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc175cc\" data-id=\"bc175cc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc176e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc176e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc17783 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc17783\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc178e9\" data-id=\"bc178e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc179fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc179fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc17a99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc17a99\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc17bf1\" data-id=\"bc17bf1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc17d9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc17d9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc17e54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc17e54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc17fc4\" data-id=\"bc17fc4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc180e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc180e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Brief Review on Usage of Nano Metal Oxide Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mushini Venkata Subba Rao, Vaddi Dhilleswara Rao and Nadikatla Santhosh Kumar &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 57-59<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc18184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc18184\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc182fb\" data-id=\"bc182fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1844d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc1844d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">At present due to the shortage of water resources, effective treatment of wastewater is a foremost requirement and the treated water is using for gardening as well as agricultural purpose to avoid surface water utilization. In this aspect,the requirement is to develop and implement progressive wastewatertreatment technologies with high effectiveness and less investment. Through point and non-point sources, the discharged water is obtained after utilizing domestic and industrial purposes and including storm water runoff. This wastewater containing different types of pollutants including heavy metal ions. These heavy metal ions are considered as the serious environmental problem in society. Methods are available to remove the pollutants from wastewater and among adsorption is a widely used method for the removal of pollutants and particularly it plays an important role in wastewater treatment for the removal of heavy metals. At present in the water purification research under Nanotechnology, Nano materials are used as adsorbents for removal of pollutants from wastewater. A number of researches have evidenced that Nano materials (Nano carbon materials, Nano metal particles, and Polymer based Nano particles) are the good adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater due to their unique structural properties. Due to simplicity, less cost, easy handling, and efficiency, the adsorption process is commonly popular for removal of heavy metals.In this paper concentrated on a brief review on the availability of Nano metal oxide based adsorbents for removal of water pollutants.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 57-59\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mushini Venkata Subba Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Division, BS &amp; H Department, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532 127, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vaddi Dhilleswara Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Division, BS &amp; H Department, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532 127, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nadikatla Santhosh Kumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Division, BS &amp; H Department, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532 127, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Ali and Aboul-Enein, H.Y. Instrumental Methods in Metal Ions Speciation: Chromatography, Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrochemistry (2006), Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd, New York.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ali, I. New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem.Rev. 112(2012), 5073\u20135091<br \/>\r\n[3]. Dami\u00e0, B.Emerging Organic Pollutants in Wastewaters and Sludge (2005), Springer, New York.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Mohapatra, D.P., Brar, S.K., Tyagi, R.D., Picard, P. and Surampalli, R.Y. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. Sci. Total Environ.(2014), 58\u201375.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Sujitha, R and Ravindhranath,K.Defluoridation studies using active carbon derived from the barks of Ficusracemosa plant. J.Fluor.Chem. 193 (2017) 58\u201366.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Shwetha, K.C,Nagarajappa, D.P. and Mamatha, M. Removal of Copper from Simulated Wastewater Using Pongamia Pinnata Seed Shell as Adsorbent, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4( 6)(2014), 271-282.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Hu, H., Wang, Z., Pan, L., 2010. Synthesis of monodisperse Fe3O4@ silica core\u2013shell microspheres and their application for removal of heavy metal ions from water. J. Alloys Compd. 492(2010), 656\u2013661.<br \/>\r\n[8]. YanyangZhang, BingWu, HuiXu, HuiLiu, MingluWang, YixuanHe andBingcaiPanNano materials-enabled water and wastewater treatment, Nano impact, 3-4(2016), 22-39.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Chaturvedi, S., Dave, P.N. and Shah, N.K. Applications of Nano catalyst in new era. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 16(2012), 307\u2013325.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Hristovski, K., Baum gardener,A and Westerhoff, P. Selecting metal oxide Nano aterials for arsenic removal in fixed bed columns: From nanoparticles to aggregated nanoparticles media, J. Hazard. Mater. 147(2007), 265\u2013274.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Gubin, S.P., Koksharov, Y.A., Khomutov, G.B.andYurkov, G.Y.E., Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, structure and properties. Russ. Chem. Rev. 74(2005), 489\u2013520.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Brumfiel, G. Nanotechnology: a little knowledge. Nature 424(2003), 246\u2013248.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Lubick, N. and Betts, K., 2008. Silver socks have cloudy lining| Court bans widely used flame retardant. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (11) (2008), 3910\u20133910.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Kaushal, A<br \/>\r\n[15]. and Singh, S.K. Removal of heavy metals by Nano adsorbents: A review, Journal of Environment and Biotechnology Research, 6(1) (2017), 96-104.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Czikkely.M, Neubauer. E,FeketeI,Ymeri. P and Fogarassy ,C. Review of Heavy Metal Adsorption Processes by Several Organic Matters from Wastewaters, Water 10(2018), 1377; doi:10.3390\/w10101377<br \/>\r\n[17]. Barakat, M.A., Al-Hutailah, R.I., Hashim, M.H., Qayyum, E and Kuhn, J.N. Titania supported silver-based bimetallic nanoparticles as photo catalysts. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 20 (6)(2013a), 3751\u20133759.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Barakat, M.A., Ramadan, M.H., Alghamdi, M.A., Al-Garny, S.S., Woodcock, H.L.and Kuhn, J.N. Remediation of Cu (II), Ni(II), and Cr (III) ions from simulated wastewater by dendrimer\/titania composites. J. Environ. Manage. 117(2013b), 50\u201357.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Luo, T., Cui, J., Hu, S., Huang, Y. and Jing, C.: Arsenic removal and recovery from copper smelting wastewater using TiO2. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44(23) (2010), 9094\u20139098.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Tuzen, M.and Soylak, M. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes forspeciation of chromium in environmental samples. J. Hazard.Mater. 147(2007), 219\u2013225.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Singh, S., Barick, K. and Bahadur, D.: Fe3O4 embedded ZnONanocomposites for the removal of toxic metal ions, organic dyes and bacterial pathogens. J. Mater. Chem. A 1(10) (2013), 3325\u20133333.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Gupta, V.K., Agarwal, S and Saleh, T.A. Synthesis and characterization of alumina-coated carbon nanotubes and their application for lead removal. J. Hazard. Mater. 185(2011), 17\u201323.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Gao, C., Zhang, W., Li, H., Lang, L., Xu, Z.: Controllable fabrication of mesoporousMgO with various morphologies and their absorption performance for toxic pollutants in water. Cryst. Growth Des. 8(10) (2008), 3785\u20133790.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Gupta, K., Bhattacharya, S., Chattopadhyay, D., Mukhopadhyay, A., Biswas, H., Dutta, J.,Ray, N.R and Ghosh, U.C. Ceria associated manganese oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and arsenic (V) sorption behavior. Chem. Eng. J. 172(1) (2011), 219\u2013229.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Feng, L., Cao, M., Ma, X., Zhu, Y and Hu, C.Super paramagnetic high-surface-area Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal. J. Hazard. Mater. 217(2012), 439\u2013446<br \/>\r\n[26]. Tadjarodi, A., Imani, M. andKerdari, H.: Adsorption kinetics, thermodynamic studies, and high performance of CdO cauliflower-like nanostructure on the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution. J. Nanostruct. Chem. (2013), 3:51.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Fabrega, J., Luoma, S.N., Tyler, C. R., Galloway, T.S and Lead, J.R. Silver nanoparticles: Behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ Int. 37(2011): 517-531.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Liyun Feng, Minhua Cao, Xiaoyu Ma, Yongshuang Zhu and Changwen Hu Super paramagnetic high-surface-area Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbents for arsenic removal, Journal of hazardous materials..217-218(2012), 439-446.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Cao,C.Y., Cui, Z.M., Chen, C.Q., Song, W. G andCai, W. Ceria hollow Nano spheres produced by a template-free microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for heavy metal ion removal and catalysis. J Phys Chem. 114(2010), 9865-9870.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mushini Venkata Subba Rao, Vaddi Dhilleswara Rao and Nadikatla Santhosh Kumar &#8220;A Brief Review on Usage of Nano Metal Oxide Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.57-59 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/57-59.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/57-59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-brief-review-on-usage-of-nano-metal-oxide-adsorbents-in-wastewater-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>A Brief Review on Usage of Nano Metal Oxide Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatment <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc19256 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc19256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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A Genetic Algorithm Approach<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Suresh Holi, B P Shivakumar &#8211; November 2018 Page No.: 60-64<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc19c9d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc19c9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc19e0a\" data-id=\"bc19e0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc19f4b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc19f4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to solve Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) with Sequence Dependent Setup Times (SDST) and assess the effect of routing flexibility on makespan performance measure. Two case studies of size five part types, five machines and ten part types, ten machines are taken into consideration. Results are generated for different routing flexibilities in a manufacturing scenario wherein setup times are comparable to operation processing times. It indicates that routing flexibility has some effect on makespan performance measure.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 60-64\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Suresh Holi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nResearch Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru,<br \/>\r\naffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, INDIA<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B P Shivakumar<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru, INDIA<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1] Pinedo, M. (2005). Planning and scheduling in manufacturing and services. Springer (New York).<br \/>\r\n[2] Zhang, G., Shao, X., Li, P., &amp; Gao, L. (2009). An effective hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem. Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering, 56(4), 1309-1318.<br \/>\r\n[3] \u00d6zg\u00fcven, C., Yavuz, Y., &amp; \u00d6zbak\u0131r, L. (2012). Mixed integer goal programming models for the flexible job-shop scheduling problems with separable and non-separable sequence dependent setup times. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36(2), 846-858.<br \/>\r\n[4] Pezzella, F., Morganti, G., &amp; Ciaschetti, G. (2008). A genetic algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem. Computers &amp; Operations Research, 35(10), 3202-3212.<br \/>\r\n[5] Caprihan, R., &amp; Wadhwa, S. (1997). Impact of routing flexibility on the performance of an FMS\u2014a simulation study. International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 9(3), 273-298.<br \/>\r\n[6] Jain, A., Jain, P. K., Chan, F. T., &amp; Singh, S. (2013). A review on manufacturing flexibility. International Journal of Production Research, 51(19), 5946-5970.<br \/>\r\n[7] Sethi, A. K., &amp; Sethi, S. P. (1990). Flexibility in manufacturing: a survey. International journal of flexible manufacturing systems, 2(4), 289-328.<br \/>\r\n[8] Yu, X., &amp; Ram, B. (2006). Bio-inspired scheduling for dynamic job shops with flexible routing and sequence-dependent setups. International Journal of Production Research, 44(22), 4793-4813.<br \/>\r\n[9] Sharma, P., &amp; Jain, A. (2017). Effect of routing flexibility and sequencing rules on performance of stochastic flexible job shop manufacturing system with setup times: Simulation approach. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 231(2), 329-345.<br \/>\r\n[10] Rossi, A., &amp; Dini, G. (2007). Flexible job-shop scheduling with routing flexibility and separable setup times using ant colony optimisation method. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 23(5), 503-516.<br \/>\r\n[11] Moon, I., Lee, S., &amp; Bae, H. (2008). Genetic algorithms for job shop scheduling problems with alternative routings. International Journal of Production Research, 46(10), 2695-2705.<br \/>\r\n[12] \u00d6zg\u00fcven, C., \u00d6zbak\u0131r, L., &amp; Yavuz, Y. (2010). Mathematical models for job-shop scheduling problems with routing and process plan flexibility. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34(6), 1539-1548.<br \/>\r\n[13] Oddi, A., Rasconi, R., Cesta, A., &amp; Smith, S. F. Job Shop Scheduling with Routing Flexibility and Sequence Dependent Setup-Times.<br \/>\r\n[14] Defersha, F. M., &amp; Chen, M. (2012). Jobshop lot streaming with routing flexibility, sequence-dependent setups, machine release dates and lag time. International Journal of Production Research, 50(8), 2331-2352.<br \/>\r\n[15] Defersha, F. M., &amp; Chen, M. (2010). A parallel genetic algorithm for a flexible job-shop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setups. The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology, 49(1-4), 263-279.<br \/>\r\n[16] Joseph, O. A., &amp; Sridharan, R. (2012). Effects of flexibility and scheduling decisions on the performance of an FMS: simulation modelling and analysis. International Journal of Production Research, 50(7), 2058-2078.<br \/>\r\n[17] Chang, A. Y. (2007). On the measurement of routing flexibility: A multiple attribute approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 109(1-2), 122-136.<br \/>\r\n[18] Chan, F. T., Chung, S. H., &amp; Chan, P. L. Y. (2005). An adaptive genetic algorithm with dominated genes for distributed scheduling problems. Expert Systems with Applications, 29(2), 364-371.<br \/>\r\n[19] French, S. (1982). Sequencing and scheduling. An Introduction to the Mathematics of the Job-Shop.<br \/>\r\n[20] Moghaddas, R., &amp; Houshm, M. (2008). Job-shop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times.<br \/>\r\n[21] Bagheri, A., &amp; Zandieh, M. (2011). Bi-criteria flexible job-shop scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times\u2014variable neighborhood search approach. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 30(1), 8-15.<br \/>\r\n[22] Al-Hinai, N., &amp; ElMekkawy, T. Y. (2011). Robust and stable flexible job shop scheduling with random machine breakdowns using a hybrid genetic algorithm. International Journal of Production Economics, 132(2), 279-291.<br \/>\r\n[23] Deb, K. (1999). An introduction to genetic algorithms. Sadhana, 24(4-5), 293-315.<br \/>\r\n[24] Busetti, F. (2007). Genetic algorithms overview. Retrieved on December, 1.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Suresh Holi, B P Shivakumar &#8220;Routing Flexibility in Job Shop Scheduling Problem &#8211; A Genetic Algorithm Approach&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.60-64 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/60-64.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/60-64.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/routing-flexibility-in-job-shop-scheduling-problem-a-genetic-algorithm-approach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Routing Flexibility in Job Shop Scheduling Problem &#8211; A Genetic Algorithm Approach<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b2b0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc1b2b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b534\" data-id=\"bc1b534\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b65d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1b65d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b703 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1b703\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b867\" data-id=\"bc1b867\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1b973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1b973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1ba0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1ba0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1bb6a\" data-id=\"bc1bb6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1bc8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1bc8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1bd27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1bd27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1be8a\" data-id=\"bc1be8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1bf9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1bf9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Corruption in Local Governments in Nigeria and the Way Forward: A Case Study of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nweneka, Egbo &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 65-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1c047 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1c047\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1c1bc\" data-id=\"bc1c1bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1c2f0 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc1c2f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study unearthed the nature and incidences of corruption in local governments in Nigeria, with particular reference to Rivers State. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study and data was collected from secondary sources. The data were analyzed via the content method of data analysis. The findings of the study showed that corruption is pervasive at the local government level in Nigeria and Rivers state in particular. The study observed that corruption is not just one of the intractable pathologies ravaging local government administration but the progenitor of every other socio-economic woe affecting the local government areas in Rivers state. The menace is perpetrated by mostly the top echelon or leadership of the council in connivance with their godfathers cum state government officials. Corruption at the council manifest in the form of inflation of prices of bought items, over estimation of cost of projects; ghost workers syndrome, payment of huge sum of money to godfathers, outright embezzlement and diversion of the council funds. This wide-scale corruption at the local level has made the needed development at the grassroots a mirage. The study recommended mounting of serious war against corruption at the Nigerian local government areas by the anti-graft agencies and civil society organizations as the panacea to reduce the menace of corruption that has eaten deep into fabric of the country\u2019s local government administration.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 65-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nweneka, Egbo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adamolekun, L. (1983). Public Administration: A Nigerian and Comparative Perspective. New York: Longman INC.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Adeyemi, O.O (2012). Corruption and Local Government Administration in Nigeria; A Discourse of Core Issues. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 1 (2) 183-198.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Agba, M.S, Akwara, Z.F, &amp; Idu, A.Y (2013). Local Government and Social Service Delivery in Nigeria: A Content Analysis. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2 (2) 455-462.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Agbani, B.J &amp; Ugwoke, R.O (2014).The State Joint Local Government Account: Challenge on Rural Development in Nigeria. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting.5 (18) 146-156.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Ajieh, C.J.T (2014) Praxis of Local Government Administration in Nigeria (The Practitioners Companion). Port Harcourt: Pearl Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Balatito, S. &amp; Ibrahim, B.S (2014). Challenges of Local Government Administration: in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Nigeria Experience International Journal of Science and Research 3 (7) 562-568.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Coker, M.A, Eteng, F.O, Agishi, T.V &amp; Adie, H.A (2015). Challenges of Expanding Internally Generated Revenue in Local Government Council Areas in Nigeria. Journal of sustainable development; 8 (9) 79-88.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Federal Government of Nigeria (1999). Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria Lagos: Federal Government Printers.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Igwe, S.C (2010). How Africa Underdeveloped Africa. Port Harcourt: Professional Printers Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Ironke, U.I &amp; Ndah, E.W (2016). Impact of Internally Generated Revenue on Performance of Local Government in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Law Research, 4 (4)42-58.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Kothari, C.R &amp; Gary, G. (2014). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (Third Edition). New Delhi: New Age International Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Local Government Corruption and Mismanagement in Rivers State: An Overview. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/reports\/2007\/nigeria0107\/5.htm on 5th April, 2018<br \/>\r\n[13]. Mohammed, O. (2008). The Public Bureaucracy and Development in Developed and Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis in Obi E.A, Obikeze, O.S A, Nwachukwu L.C, Abada, Readings on Comparative Public Administration (Theory and Selected Country Studies). Onitsha: Book Point Educational Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Nweneka, E. (2018). A Comparative Analysis of the Local Government Systems in Nigeria and Ghana Towards Enhancing Their Effectiveness. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social &amp; Management Sciences. 4 (10) 29-42<br \/>\r\n[15]. Nweneka, E. (2018). Roles of Civil Society Organizations in Tackling Corruption in Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Legal &amp; Political Studies. 6 (4) 9-16<br \/>\r\n[16]. Nyewusira, V. (2011). State \u2013Local Government Relation in Rivers State, Nigeria (1999-2007). A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Public Administration and Local Government, Faculty of Social Science, University of Nigeria. Nsukka: Virtual Library.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Nyewusira, V. &amp; Nweke, K (2012). Party Politics and Democratic Governance in Nigeria Local Government Administration: The Case of Rivers State (1999-2010). Research on Humanities and Social Science 2 (6) 164-175.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Obikeze, O.S, &amp; Obi, E. (2003). Public Administration in Nigeria: A Developmental Approach Onitsha: Book-point LTD.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Odalonu, H.B (2015). Challenges Confronting Local Government Administration in Efficient and Effective Social Service Delivery: The Nigeria Experience. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research 2 (5) 12-22.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Oviasuyi, P.O, Idade, W. &amp; Isiraojie, L. (2010).Constraints of Local Government Administration in Nigeria. Journal of Social Science. 24 (2) 81-86.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Riggs, F.N (1964). Administration in Developing Societies: Theory of Prismatic Society: Boston: Hongliton, Migglin.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Rivers State Government (2000). Rivers State Local Government Law, No. of 2000.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Schwenke, S. (2002). Cross-Sector Analysis of Corruption: Summary Report. www.usaid.gov\/our-worlddemocracy-and\u2026\/ac\/\u2026\/summary.doc,retrieved 20\/10\/2018.<br \/>\r\n[24]. United Nation Office on Drug and Crime (2004).United Nations Hendbook on Practical Anti- Corruption Measures for Prosecutors and Investors. New York: United Nations Office on Drug and Crime; Available at https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/pef\/crime\/corruption\/handbook.retrieved 20\/10\/2018.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Wikipedia (2018). Rivers State. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rivers_State on 6th July, 2018<br \/>\r\n[26]. World Bank. (1997). World Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Yorgboro, N.A (2012). Democratic Capitalism and Citizenship Failures in a Democracy. Port Harcourt: Trumpet Press and Publishers.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nweneka, Egbo &#8220;Corruption in Local Governments in Nigeria and the Way Forward: A Case Study of Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp. 65-72 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/65-72.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/65-72.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/corruption-in-local-governments-in-nigeria-and-the-way-forward-a-case-study-of-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Corruption in Local Governments in Nigeria and the Way Forward: A Case Study of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d147 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc1d147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d2e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1d2e0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d491\" data-id=\"bc1d491\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d5bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1d5bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d65f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1d65f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d7bf\" data-id=\"bc1d7bf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1d8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1d965 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1d965\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1dab2\" data-id=\"bc1dab2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1dbcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1dbcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1dc6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1dc6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1ddd7\" data-id=\"bc1ddd7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1dee3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1dee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fabrication and Characterization of Garment Waste Reinforced Polymer Composite<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mantesh Basappa Khot, M Prasanna Kumar &#8211; November 2018 Page No.: 73-78<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1df92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1df92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1e0f9\" data-id=\"bc1e0f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1e227 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc1e227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Traditional materials have been continuously replacing by composite materials, because of their superior properties, such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion and high strength-to-weight ratio. Textile fibre reinforced composites are more attractive due to their high specific strength, light weight and finding increased applications in many engineering fields especially in interior construction of buildings.<br \/>\r\nIn the present study is to develop composite material from garment waste recycling technology that will reduce in the increasing environmental impact by garment waste and introducing a new product. Textile waste reinforced polymer composites were fabricated with different weight ratio of reinforcement and matrix material by using hand lay-up technique. The mechanical properties of fabricated composite material such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength and also water absorption property were studied on fabricated garment waste composite samples according to ASTM standards. From the experimental results, it has been observed that 30% chopped garment waste, 60% epoxy1resin and 10% fly ash composite specimens perform better than other composite specimens. It is suggested that these hybrid composites can be used as an alternative material for interior applications such as ceiling panels, sound barrier panels for acoustic, roof tiles and building insulation material.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-78\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mantesh Basappa Khot<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPost Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University BDT College of Engineering, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>M Prasanna Kumar <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University BDT College of Engineering, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. Kavitha, S and Manimekalai G, (2014), \u201cA study1on waste disposal management in garment1industry\u201d. International Journal of1Textile and Fashion Technology (IJTFT), Vol. 4, Issue 5, Oct 2014, 37-42.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ayhan Demirbas, (2011), \u201cWaste1management, waste resource1facilities and1waste conversion1processes\u201d. Energy Conversion and1Management152 1280\u20131287.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Haule1L.V, C.M.Carr, M.Rigout. (2016),\u201cPreparation1and physical1properties of regenerated1cellulose fibres1from1cotton waste garments\u201d. Journal of Cleaner Production 112 44454451.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Fangbing L.V, Donggang Yao, Youjiang1Wang, Chaoxia Wang, Ping Zhu, Yifeng Hong, (2015),\u201cRecycling1of waste1nylon 6\/spandex blended1fabrics by melt1Processing\u201d. Composites1Part B 77 232237.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Jayantha Ananda1Epaarachchi , Mohd1Iqbal Misnon, Md Mainul Islam, Kin-tak Lau,(2014),\u201cPotentiality1of utilising natural textile1materials for engineering1composites applications\u201d. 1Materials and Design 59 359\u2013368.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Petrucci R.E, 1Nisini. D, Puglia. F, Sarasini. M, Rallini. C, Santulli. G, Minak, J.M.Kenny. (2015), \u201cTensile and fatigue1characterisation of textile cotton waste\/polypropylene1laminates\u201d.Composites1Part1B10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.07.005.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Vasconcelos G, P.B. Louren\u00e7o, A. Camoes, A. Martins, S.Cunha, (2015), \u201cEvaluation of the performance of recycled1textile fibres in the mechanical1behaviour of a gypsum and cork1composite material\u201d. Cement &amp; Concrete1Composites 58 29\u201339.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Arumuga Prabu V, R. Deepak1Joel Johnson,1P.Amuthakkannan, V. Manikandan. (2017), \u201cUsage ofindustrial wastes as particulate1composite for1environment Management: 1hardness, tensile and impact Studies\u201d doi:10.1016\/j.jece.2017.02.007.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Mar\u00eda1del1Mar Barbero-Barrera, Olatz Pombo, Mar\u00eda de los Angeles Navacerrada.(2016) \u201cTextile fibre waste1bindered with natural1hydraulic lime\u201d. Composites Part B 94 26e33.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Mashaly R, S. Hussein, (2011), \u201cEvaluation1of the performance1of elastic band used for ready1made garment1manufacturing\u201d. Alexandria Engineering Journal 50, 291\u2013295.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Aspiras F.F, J.R.I.Manalo. (1995), \u201c\u201dUtilization of1textile waste1cuttings as1building material\u201d. 1Journal of materials1processing1technology 48 379-384.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Arun kumar1Parida, Ratnakar1Das, A.K. Sahoo, B.C. Routara, (2014),\u201c\u201dOptimization of cutting parameters for surface1roughness in machining of gfrp1composites with graphite\/fly ash filler\u201d. Procedia Materials Science 6 1533 \u2013 1538.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Raja Mistrya, Tapas1Kumar Roy, (2016), \u201dEffect1of using1flyash as1alternative1fillerin hot mix asphalt\u201d. 1Perspectives in Science 8, 307\u2014309.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Mohamed EL1Wazna, Mohamed Fatihi,Abdeslam Bouari, Omar1Cherkaoui(2017)\u201cThermo physicalvcharacterization of1sustainable1insulation1materials made from textile1waste\u201d. doi10.1016\/j.jobe.2017.06.008.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Halil Murat Algin and Paki1Turgut,, (2008), \u201cCotton and limestone1powder wastes as brick material\u201d. Construction and1Building1Materials 22 1074\u20131080.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mantesh Basappa Khot, M Prasanna Kumar &#8220;Fabrication and Characterization of Garment Waste Reinforced Polymer Composite&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.73-78 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/73-78.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/73-78.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fabrication-and-characterization-of-garment-waste-reinforced-polymer-composite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fabrication and Characterization of Garment Waste Reinforced Polymer Composite<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f030 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc1f030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f11a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1f11a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f28e\" data-id=\"bc1f28e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f3c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1f3c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f468 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1f468\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f5d9\" data-id=\"bc1f5d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f6f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1f6f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f7a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1f7a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1f8ff\" data-id=\"bc1f8ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1fa18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1fa18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1fabb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1fabb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc1fc28\" data-id=\"bc1fc28\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc1fe81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc1fe81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Fabrication and Testing of Non-Conventional Solar Vehicle<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bhavin. P. Pandya &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 79-84<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc1ff4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc1ff4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc200f3\" data-id=\"bc200f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc2021a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc2021a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The locomotive in our country mainly runs on electrical energy or by conventional resources such as petrol, diesel, coal etc. So with the help of solar energy we can run the locomotive or any vehicle.<br \/>\r\nComposition of two different drives based locomotive that is solar power and conventional drive system is possible. Here the solar energy is converted in to the electrical energy by using solar panels and then used for the needs. Revolutionary changes have taken place in the life of the mankind since human beings acquired the capability of walking upright.<br \/>\r\nIn solar power locomotive solar panels are fitted on the roof of locomotive. The battery gets charged by solar energy and power is transmitted to the drive mechanism. Now we can measure the speed and efficiency of locomotive. Here we are going to use hydrogen peroxide as energy to run the train when solar energy isn\u2019t available.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 79-84\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 November 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bhavin. P. Pandya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, KJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Savli, Gujarat, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar vehicle<br \/>\r\n[2]. http:\/\/electricalengineeringportal.com\/innovative-approach-to-maglev-trains-solar-energy<br \/>\r\n[3]. http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lsds\/ti\/apps\/alternative_energy\/solar\/product.page.<br \/>\r\n[4]. http:\/\/in.ask.com\/web?q=solar+train<br \/>\r\n[5]. http:\/\/www.abplive.in\/india\/2014\/06\/20\/article346944.ece\/Solar-roof-for-trains-to-save-fuel.<br \/>\r\n[6]. http:\/\/www.electroschematics.com\/7450\/indias-second-solar-powered-train\/.<br \/>\r\n[7]. http:\/\/budapesttimes.hu\/2013\/09\/11\/fir%C2%AD%C2%AD%C2%AD%C2%AD%C2%ADst-solar-train-makes-way-while-sun-shines\/<br \/>\r\n[8]. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrogen_peroxide<br \/>\r\n[9]. http:\/\/wakeup-world.com\/2012\/07\/09\/27-amazing-benefits-and-uses-for-hydrogen-peroxide\/<br \/>\r\n[10]. http:\/\/www.h2o2.com\/products-and-services\/us-peroxidetechnologies.aspx?pid=112&amp;name=HydrogenPeroxidepubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/hydrogen_peroxide.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bhavin. P. Pandya &#8220;Fabrication and Testing of Non-Conventional Solar Vehicle&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.79-84 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/79-84.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/79-84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fabrication-and-testing-of-non-conventional-solar-vehicle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Fabrication and Testing of Non-Conventional Solar Vehicle<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc21061 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc21061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc21133 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc21133\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc212b2\" data-id=\"bc212b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc213dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc213dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc2148f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc2148f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc21609\" data-id=\"bc21609\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc21720 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc21720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enhancement in Power Quality in Distribution Network with the Collaboration of Solar Energy and DSTATCOM<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Varsha Rani, Purva Sharma, Himanshu Doraya &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 85-92<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc217ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc217ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc2195a\" data-id=\"bc2195a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc21a91 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc21a91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Now a days the power quality (PQ) has become a main concern for both utilities and customers. The integrations of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy into the utility grid affects the quality of the power supplied. The utilities or other power providers have to provide a high quality of their service to retain or attract the customers. Efficient power quality (PQ) monitoring and improvement system can help to achieve this goal. The power quality improvement can be achieved by the use of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) in the utility grid. The distribution static compensator is shunt custom power device which is used in the distribution system for compensation of reactive power at point of common coupling, current compensation and improvement of power factor.<br \/>\r\nThis work presents the design of synchronous reference theory based control of the DSTATCOM for the power quality improvement in the utility grid in the presence of solar PV energy. A capacitor and battery bank is used as the DC bus in the design of DSTATCOM. The DSTATCOM has been implemented for the enhancement of power quality in the presence of the solar energy during various operational events. The events include the tripping\/reclosing of feeder, switching ON\/OFF the capacitor bank, switching ON\/OFF the inductive-resistive load. The proposed methodology has been carried out with the help of a test system comprising of the voltage source and load connected at the point of common coupling (PCC).The proposed methodology has been carried out in the MATLAB\/ Simulink environment using an IEEE-13 bus test system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 85-92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varsha Rani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.Tech Scholar, Rajasthan College of Engineering of Women, Jaipur, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varsha Rani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Rajasthan College of Engineering of Women, Jaipur, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varsha Rani<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Rajasthan College of Engineering of Women, Jaipur, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Mahmoud zadehbagheri, Naziha Ahmad Azli, Askar bagherinasab,Shahrin bin Md Ayob, \u201c Performance Evaluation of Custom Power Devices in Power Distribution Networks to Power Quality Improvement: A Review,\u201d International Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Bhim Singh, Sabha Raj Arya, \u201cDesign and control of a DSTATCOM for power quality improvement using cross correlation function approach,\u201d International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2012, pp. 74-86.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Anil Tekale, Dinesh Nawani, Nilam Belkar and Vishal Devkar \u201cReview on Power Quality Solution Technology\u201d. IAETSD Journal for advanced research in applied sciences, Vol 4, issue 4, sept. 2017.<br \/>\r\n[4]. B. Singh, P. Jayaprakash and D. P. Kothari, &#8220;Magnetics for neutral current compensation in three-phase four-wire distribution system,&#8221; 2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems &amp; 2010 Power India, New Delhi, 2010, pp.1-7.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Titiksha Jain, Deepika Masand \u201cIntegrated Three-Leg VSC with a Zig-Zag Transformer Based Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement,\u201d International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, October , Vol. 6, Issue No.10 .<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bhim Singh, P. Jayaprakash and D. P. Kothari.\u201d Three-Leg VSC and a Transformer Based Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM for Distribution Systems\u201d Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008<br \/>\r\n[7]. A.Dheepanchakkravarthy.M.E, Prof.Jebasalma.M.E., \u201cA Three Phase Four Wire DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement\u201d International Journal of Engineering Inventions , Vol. 1 , No.4, PP: 80-90, sep 2012<br \/>\r\n[8]. B. Singh, P. Jayaprakash, S. Kumar and D. P. Kothari, &#8220;Implementation of Neural-Network-Controlled Three-Leg VSC and a Transformer as Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM,&#8221; in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1892-1901, July-Aug. 2011.<br \/>\r\n[9]. B. Singh, P. Jayaprakash and D. P. Kothari, &#8220;Isolated H-bridge VSC Based 3-phase 4-wire DSTATCOM for power quality improvement,&#8221; 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, Singapore, 2008, pp. 366-371.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Bhim Singh, Jayaprakash Pychadathil, and Dwarkadas Pralhaddas Kothari &#8220;Star\/hexagon transformer based three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM for power quality improvement.&#8221; International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 9.6 (2008): 1-18.<br \/>\r\n[11]. B. Singh, P. Jayaprakash and D. P. Kothari, &#8220;Three-phase four-wire dstatcom with H-bridge VSC and star\/delta transformer for power quality improvement,&#8221; 2008 Annual IEEE India Conference, Kanpur, 2008, pp. 412-417.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Yogesh Rohilla , Yash pal &#8220;Three-leg voltage source converter integrated with t-connected transformer as three-phase four-wire distribution static compensator for power quality improvement.&#8221; Nirma university international conference on Engineeering (NUICONE), 28-30 Nov. 2013 pp. 2375-1282.<br \/>\r\n[13]. R.Revathi , J.Ramprabu &#8220;Integrated three-leg VSC with a zig-zag transformer based three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM for power quality improvement,&#8221; International Journal of Advances in Engineering &amp; Technology, Jan 2012. 2008 ,Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 552-563.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Om Prakash Mahela, Abdul Gafoor Shaik, \u201cPower quality improvement in distribution network using DSTATCOM with battery energy storage system. International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems, Vol. 83, pp. 229-240, (2016).<br \/>\r\n[15]. Om Prakash Mahela, Abdul Gafoor Shaik, \u201cTopological aspects of power quality improvement techniques: A comprehensive overview,\u201d Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 58 (2016): 1129-1142.<br \/>\r\n[16]. S. B. Karanki, N. Geddada, M. K. Mishra and B. K. Kumar, &#8220;A DSTATCOM Topology With Reduced DC-Link Voltage Rating for Load Compensation With Nonstiff Source,&#8221; in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1201-1211, March 2012.doi: 10.1109\/TPEL.2011.2163946.<br \/>\r\n[17]. P. Jayaprakash, B. Singh and D. P. Kothari, &#8220;Three-Phase 4-Wire DSTATCOM Based on H Bridge VSC with a Star\/Hexagon Transformer for Power Quality Improvement,&#8221; 2008 IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, Kharagpur, 2008, pp. 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[18]. O. V. Kulkarni and M. K. Mishra, &#8220;Power quality improvement using Zig-Zag transformer and DSTATCOM in three phase power distribution system,&#8221; 2013 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), Mumbai, 2013, pp. 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[19]. D. Sreenivasarao, Pramod Agarwal, and Biswarup Das. &#8220;Performance enhancement of a reduced rating hybrid D-STATCOM for three-phase, four-wire system.&#8221; Electric Power Systems Research 97 (2013): 158-171.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Srikanth T.. &#8220;Compensating linear and non linear loads using distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM).&#8221; Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research 5.2 (2013): 28-43.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Kumar Sunil, and Bhim Singh. &#8220;Control of 3\u2010Leg VSC Based 3\u2010Phase 4\u2010Wire DSTATCOM using Modified Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory &#8221; International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering 2.6 (2013): 337-346.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Purva Sharma &amp; Akash Saxena, \u201cCritical investigations on performance of ANN and wavelet fault classifiers \u201d, Cogent Engineering (Taylor &amp; Francis Group), volume 4, issue-1, 2017.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Varsha Rani, Purva Sharma, Himanshu Doraya &#8220;Enhancement in Power Quality in Distribution Network with the Collaboration of Solar Energy and DSTATCOM&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp. 85-92 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/85-92.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/85-92.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/enhancement-in-power-quality-in-distribution-network-with-the-collaboration-of-solar-energy-and-dstatcom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Enhancement in Power Quality in Distribution Network with the Collaboration of Solar Energy and DSTATCOM<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc2292b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc2292b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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November 2018 Page No.: 93-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc23698 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc23698\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc23818\" data-id=\"bc23818\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc23949 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc23949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This research work aims to present an approach supported by discrete wavelet transform and rule based decision tree for the detection and classification of the various types of the power system faults. Fault location on overhead power transmission lines remains a subject of great interest and has been intensively studied over the years. The power system faults include the line to ground (LG), double line (LL), double line to ground (LLG) and three phase fault involving ground (LLLG).<br \/>\r\nThe issue of fault detection and classification in the utility system network has also become important due to the integration of renewable energy sources in the recent years. The current captured on a bus of the test system is used for the detection of the faults. The current signal is decomposed up to third level of decomposition for the detection of the faults. A fault index based on the sum absolute values of the detail coefficients used to detect the various types of the faults. The detailed simulation methodology has been carried out in MATLAB\/Simulink environment using the IEEE-34 bus test system. It is established that the proposed approach effectively detects and classify the power system faults.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 93-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Akanksha Malhotra<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Purva Sharma <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. D. Guillen, M. Roberto, A. Paternina, A. Zamora, J. M. Ramirez, and G. Idarraga, \u201cDetection and classification of faults in transmission lines using the maximum wavelet singular value and Euclidean norm,\u201d IET Generation, Transmission &amp; Distribution, vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 2294\u20132302, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Moslem Dehghani, Mohammad Hassan Khooban, and Taher Niknam, \u201cFast fault detection and classification based on a combination of wavelet singular entropy theory and fuzzy logic in distribution lines in the presence of distributed generations,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 78, pp. 455\u2013462, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[3]. A. A. Yusuff A. A. Jimoh J. L. Munda, \u201cDeterminant-based feature extraction for fault detection and classification for power transmission lines,\u201d IET Generation, Transmission &amp; Distribution, Vol. 5, Iss. 12, pp. 1259\u20131267, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Z. He, L. Fu, S. Lin, Z. Bo, and S. Member, \u201cFault Detection and Classification in EHV Transmission Line Based on Wavelet Singular Entropy,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2156\u20132163, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[5]. J. Jiang, C. Chuang, Y. Wang, C. Hung, J. Wang, C. Lee, S. Member, and Y. Hsiao, \u201cA Hybrid Framework for Fault Detection , Classification, and Location \u2014 Part I\u202f: Concept, Structure , and Methodology,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1988\u20131998, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Hassan Fathabadi, \u201cNovel filter based ANN approach for short-circuit faults detection, classification and location in power transmission lines,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 74, pp. 374\u2013383, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Thad J. Englert ,Badrul H Chowdhury and Edward Grigs, \u201cLaboratory investigation of electro-optic kerr effect for detection of electric transmission line faults,\u201dIEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.979-985, July 1991.<br \/>\r\n[8]. G. Katsuta K. Muraoka N. Inoue S. Sakai T. Tsunekage K. Ando, \u201cFault section detection system for 66-kv underground branch transmission lines using optical magnetic field sensors,\u201d Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7 No.1, pp.1-9 , January 1992.<br \/>\r\n[9]. A. M. Ranjbar, A. R. Shirani, A. F. Fathi, \u201cA new approach for fault location problem on power lines,\u201d Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 7, pp.146-155, January 1992.<br \/>\r\n[10]. N. Inoue, T. Tsunekage S. Sakai, \u201cFault section detection system for 275-kv xlpeinsulated cables with optical sensing technique,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, No. 3.pp.1148-1155, July 1995.<br \/>\r\n[11]. M. Kezunovic and B. Perunieic, \u201cAutomated transmission line fault analysis using synchronized sampling at two ends,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp.441-447, February 1996 .<br \/>\r\n[12]. Mladen Kezunovic&#8217; and Igor Rikalo , \u201cDetect and classify fault using neural nets,\u201d power system transition, Vol. 96, October 1996.<br \/>\r\n[13]. M. Sanaye-Pasand and O. P. Malik, \u201c High Speed Transmission System Directional Protection using an Elman Network,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 1040-1045 ,October 1998.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Huisheng Wang and W. W. L. Keerthipala, \u201cFuzzy-Neuro Approach to Fault Classification for Transmission Line Protection,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 4,1093-1103, October 1998.<br \/>\r\n[15]. K. R. Krishnanand, P. K. Dash, and M. H. Naeem, \u201cElectrical Power and Energy Systems Detection, classification, and location of faults in power transmission lines,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 67, pp. 76\u201386, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Jianhua Guo, and Haidong Yang, \u201cA fault detection method for heat loss in a tyre vulcanization workshop using a dynamic energy consumption model and predictive baselines,\u201d Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 90, pp. 711-721, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Zahra Moravej, Mohammad Pazoki, and Mojtaba Khederzadeh, \u201cNew Pattern-Recognition Method for Fault Analysis in Transmission Line with UPFC,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 3, June-2015.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Tamer A. Kawady, Nagy I. Elkalashy, Ayman E. Ibrahim, Abdel-Maksoud I. Taalab, \u201cArcing fault identification using combined Gabor Transform-neural network for transmission lines,\u201d International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 61, pp. 248\u2013258, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[19]. M. M. Eissa, Senior Member, IEEE, M. Elshahat Masoud, and M. Magdy Mohamed Elanwar, \u201cA Novel Back Up Wide Area Protection Technique for Power Transmission Grids Using Phasor Measurement Unit,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 270-278, January-2010.<br \/>\r\n[20]. A. M. Ranjbar A. R. Shirani and A. F. Fathi, \u201cA New Approach For Fault Location Problem On Power Lines, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 7 no. 1, January 1992.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Chul-Hwan Kim, Hyun Kim, Young-Hun Ko, Sung-Hyun Byun, Raj K. Aggarwal, and Allan T. Johns, \u201cA Novel Fault-Detection Technique of High-Impedance Arcing Faults in Transmission Lines Using the Wavelet Transform,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 17, No. 4, October 2002<br \/>\r\n[22]. Purva Sharma, Akash Saxena, \u201cCritical investigations on performance of ANN and wavelet fault classifiers,\u201dCogent Engineering (Taylor &amp; Francis Group), Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 1-20,2017.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Akanksha Malhotra, Purva Sharma &#8220;Fault Detection and Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.93-101 November 2018\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/93-101.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/93-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/fault-detection-and-classification-using-discrete-wavelet-transform\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fault Detection and Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc24718 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc24718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc24804 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc24804\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc24981\" data-id=\"bc24981\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc24aa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc24aa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc24bdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc24bdb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc24d6b\" data-id=\"bc24d6b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc24e80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc24e80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc24f3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc24f3a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc2508f\" data-id=\"bc2508f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc25192 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc25192\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc2522b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc2522b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc25384\" data-id=\"bc25384\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc25493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc25493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc2552d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc2552d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc2568d\" data-id=\"bc2568d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc257a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc257a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Birtukan Adamu Birawo, Dr. G. Sanjiv Rao &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 102-105<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc2583f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc2583f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc259b7\" data-id=\"bc259b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc25aed elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc25aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Wireless sensor network (WSN) is consists of a large number of low-cost sensor nodes through wireless communication. Sensor nodes collect environmental information and transmit it to the base station (BS). The sensor nodes are usually; resource constrained and battery limited. Therefore, Energy conservation of the sensor nodes are the important issues considered in the design of Wireless sensor networks. So; designing of an energy efficient routing protocol can maximize the network lifetime. Multi-hop Low Energy Adaptive Cluster Head (M-LEACH) is energy efficient routing approach which improves the life time of the network. However, this routing technique has shown limitation in increasing life time of the network. This paper presents an improved multi-hop LEACH (IM_LEACH) routing protocol for cluster-based networks. The proposed protocol improves Multi Hop LEACH protocol based on energy efficient cluster head (CH) selection technique. The simulation results explain an Improved Multi-hop LEACH (IM_LEACH) routing protocol for cluster-based networks. The proposed protocol achieves. The simulation results illustrate the energy efficiency of the multi-hop cluster-based routing approach. The proposed method attains significant enhancement in term of network lifetime and provides improved energy performance for wireless sensor networks.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 102-105\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Birtukan Adamu Birawo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMaster\u2019s Scholar in Software Engineering at Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. G. Sanjiv Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Dept. of CS IT &amp; SE at Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Tao Du, and Jinwen Xu, \u201cAn efficient data aggregation algorithm for WSNs based on dynamic message list\u201d, The 7th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, ANT 2016.<br \/>\r\n[2]. J Nandini. S. Patil, Prof. P. R. Patil, \u201cData Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network\u201d, IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Xiao Chen and Neil C. Rowe. \u201cSaving Energy by Adjusting Transmission Power in Wireless Sensor Networks\u201d, IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE Globecom proceedings, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[4]. E.Abdellah, S. Benalla, A.B.Hsaane, and M. Lahcen, \u201cAdvanced Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy,\u201d (IJCSE) International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 02, no. 07, pp. 2491-2497, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Mounir Arioua, Younes el Assari, Imad Ez-zazi, Ahmed el Oualkadi. \u201cMulti-hop cluster-based routing approach for wireless sensor Networks,\u201d The 7th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Guillem Vi\u00f1as Ravent\u00f3s,\u201d Redundancy Elimination for Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks\u201d, Thesis, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Saranya V., Kalaivani A. \u201cCluster Based Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Network\u201d, NCRACCESS, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Mohamed Elshrkawey, Samiha M. Elsherif , and M. Elsayed Wahed \u201cAn Enhancement Approach for Reducing the Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks\u201d, Journal of King Saud University \u2013Computer and Information Sciences, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Xiao Chen, Neil C. Rowe, \u201cSaving Energy by Adjusting Transmission Power in Wireless Sensor Networks\u201d, the IEEE Globecom proceedings 2011.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Abdullah I. Alhasanat, Ahmad Ali Alhasanat, Khitam M. Alatoun, Aws AlQaisi. \u201cData Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Intermediate Nodes\u201d, International Journal of Computer Networks &amp; Communications (IJCNC) Vol.7, No.1, January 2015.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Deepa PUNEETH, Pradeep Kumar ATREY, \u201cEnergy-efficient and reliable data collection in wireless sensor networks\u201d, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering &amp; Computer Sciences, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Triana Mugia Rahayu, Sang-Gon Lee and Hoon-Jae Lee \u201cA Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Considering Secure Data Aggregation\u201d, Sensors 2015, 15, 15127-15158; doi:10.3390\/s150715127.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Birtukan Adamu Birawo, Dr. G. Sanjiv Rao &#8220;Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.102-105 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/102-105.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/102-105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/energy-efficient-cluster-based-routing-approach-for-wireless-sensor-networks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc268c0 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc268c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc2698c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc2698c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc26b15\" data-id=\"bc26b15\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc26c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc26c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc26cdd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc26cdd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc26e45\" data-id=\"bc26e45\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc26f62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc26f62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>\u201cThe Effect of Industrial Effluents on Plasticity, Compaction and Strength Characteristics of Shedi Soil\u201d<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Padmaja B V , Dr K.V.S.B Raju, Chandrashekar A S &#8211; November 2018 &#8211; Page No.: 106-110<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc27009 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc27009\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc27177\" data-id=\"bc27177\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc273c3 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bc273c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Rapid industrialization has resulted in enormous generation of liquid and solid wastes and such wastes have been dumped on land either intentionally \/ unintentionally. However, such studies are important for understanding the interaction of pollutants in industrial wastewaters with soils and from a Geotechnical Engineering perspective. In view of the above, attempts have been made in this study to comprehensively investigate the effect of two wastewaters, namely, pharmaceutical wastewater and battery effluents. This study also involves with the evaluation of the effect of Industrial Effluents contamination on geotechnical properties of Shedi soil by varying percentages of industrial effluents namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. And aims to improve geotechnical properties of Shedi soil amended with Industrial Effluents and to determine the change in geotechnical properties like Atterberg\u2019s limits, Compaction and Shear strength, which were cured for various curing periods for 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 60 days. If there is an improvement in engineering behaviour of soil, there is a value addition to the industrial wastes can be used as stabilizer. If there is degradation of engineering behaviour of soil then solution for decontamination is to be obtained.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 106-110\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 December 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Padmaja B V<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPost Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr K.V.S.B Raju<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chandrashekar A S<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPHD Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering UVCE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tDr.R.G.D\u2019Souza(2017), \u201c Stabilization by Modification of Lithomargic Clay(Shedi Soil) Using GGBS, Lime and Other Additives\u201d,  International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 4, Issue 9, September-2017, e-ISSN: 2348 &#8211; 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDr. Mahdi O. Karkush,\u201d Effects Of Industrial Wastes On Geotechnical Properties Of Clayey Soil\u201d, January 2015.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDr.A.V.Narasimha Rao, M.Chittaranjan, \u201cEffect Of Certain Industrial Effluents On Compaction Characteristics Of An Expansive Soil\u2013A Comparative Study\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Inventions ISSN: 2278-7461, www.ijeijournal.com Volume 1, Issue 7 (October2012) PP: 22-28.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDr.A.V.Narasimha Rao, M.Chittaranjan, \u201cInfluence Of Soil-Industrial Effluents Interaction On Subgrade Strength Of An Expansive Soil-A Comparative Study\u201d, International Journal of Advances in Engineering &#038; Technology, Nov. 2012. \u00a9IJAET ISSN: 2231-1963<br \/>\r\n[5].\tM. Ashok Kumar,  B. Ramanjaneyulu, \u201c A Case Study on Effect of Lead Effluent from Batteries Soil Properties\u201d, Geotechnics for Infra structure Projects, Feb 2017.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMurugaiyan, V., Saravanane, R., and Sundararajan, T. 2004. Effect of industrial effluent on Characterization and Remediation of Clayey-silty soil site by Physico-chemical and Strength behaviour Assessment, Proceedings of 7th International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development, 8-10, June, 2004, Helsinki and Espoo, Finland, 852- 859.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tPandya Krupa Jiteshkumar1 Prof. M. G. Vanza, \u201cStudy of Various Properties of Soil under Influence of Pharmaceutical Waste\u201d, IJSRD &#8211; International Journal for Scientific Research &#038; Development| Vol. 3, Issue 02, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tS. Bali Reddy and A. V. Narashima Rao, \u201cEffect of battery effluent on plasticity and swelling characteristics of expansive soil\u201d, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1974\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1974\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Padmaja B V , Dr K.V.S.B Raju, Chandrashekar A S &#8220;\u201cThe Effect of Industrial Effluents on Plasticity, Compaction and Strength Characteristics of Shedi Soil\u201d&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.5 issue 11, pp.106-110 November 2018 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/106-110.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1975\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1975\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-5-issue-11\/106-110.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1976\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1976\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effect-of-industrial-effluents-on-plasticity-compaction-and-strength-characteristics-of-shedi-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u201cThe Effect of Industrial Effluents on Plasticity, Compaction and Strength Characteristics of Shedi Soil\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc281cc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bc281cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Finite Element Analysis of Coir Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Pavements Shaina Hashim, Satyakumar M &#8211; November 2018 Page [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1652,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2416","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2416\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}