{"id":2534,"date":"2019-03-16T12:41:43","date_gmt":"2019-03-16T12:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2534"},"modified":"2019-04-11T13:30:06","modified_gmt":"2019-04-11T13:30:06","slug":"volume-vi-issue-iii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vi-issue-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VI Issue III"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2534\" class=\"elementor elementor-2534 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8731e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8731e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d87595\" data-id=\"9d87595\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d87701 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d87701\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comparison of Minimum and Maximum Permissible Velocity of Flow with Respect to Advantage of Roughness<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 01-06<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d879d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d879d7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d87bf0\" data-id=\"9d87bf0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d87d9d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d87d9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The comparison of minimum permissible velocity and maximum permissible velocity is done with respect to mean depth of flow. We find that the minimum permissible velocity of flow or non silting velocity is more advantageous as compared to maximum permissible velocity of flow or non erodible velocity of flow from mean depth of flow point of view. Also, we get more conveyance with respect to minimum permissible velocity. Hence, minimum permissible velocity of flow or non silting velocity is more advantageous as compared to maximum permissible velocity or non erodible velocity from advantage of roughness point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-06\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCivil Engineering Department, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215 (Jharkhand), India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. A Caroglu, E.R (1972) \u201cFriction factors is solid material systems \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng, 98(HY 4), 681 \u2013 699<br \/>\r\n[2]. Alam, A.M.Z. and Kennedy J.F (1969)\u201d Friction factors for flow in sand bed channels \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng 95(HY 6), 1973 \u2013 1992<br \/>\r\n[3]. Ben Chie Yen F. (January 1.2002) \u201cOpen channel flow resistance\u201d Journal of the Hydraulic Engg. Vol 128, No \u2013 1 ASCE, PP, 20 \u2013 39<br \/>\r\n[4]. Bray, D.I.(1979) \u201cEstimating average velocity in gravel bed \u2013 rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC Civ. Eng. 105 (HY 9), 1103 \u2013 1122<br \/>\r\n[5]. Bathurst, J.C., Flow Resistance of Large-Scale Roughness,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. HY12, Paper 14239, Dec., 1978, pp.1587.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bathurst, J.C., Li, R-M., and Simsons, D.B., Hydraulics of Mountains Rivers, Report No. CER78-79JCB-RML-DBS55, Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo., 1979.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Bathurst, J.C., \u201cFlow Resistance in Boulder-Bed Streams,\u201d 22-28, 1980. University East Anglia\/Institute Hydrology\/Colorado State University International Workshop on Engineering Problems in the Management of Gravel Bed Rivers, held at Gregyong, Newtown, Wales, U.K. (Proceedings to be Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.)<br \/>\r\n[8]. Charlton, F.G., Brown, P.M., and Benson, R.W., \u201cThe Hydraulic Geometry of Some Gravel Rivers in Britain.\u201d Report No. ITI80. Hydraulics Research Station Wallingford, U.K., July 1978.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Day, T., \u201cThe channel Geometry of Mountain Streams.\u201d Mountains Geomorydlogy Olav Slaymaker and H.J. McPherson, eds, Tantalus Research Ltd., B.C., 1972, pp. 141-149.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Day, T.T., discussion of \u201cResistance Equation for Alluvial-Channel Flow,\u201d by D.E. Burkham and D.R. Dawdy, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. HY5.Proc. Paper 12896, May, 1977, pp. 582-584.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Dey S, Raikar R.V. (2007) \u201cCharacteristic of loose rough boundary streams at near threshold\u201d Journal of Hydraulic Engg. ASCE 133(3), 288-304<br \/>\r\n[12]. Flammer, G.H., Tullis,J. Mason, E.S., \u201cFree Surface Velocity Gradient Flow Past Hemisphere,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No.HY7, Proc Paper 7418, July, 1970, pp.1485-1502.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Golubtsov, V.V., \u201cHydraulic Resistance and Formula for Computing the Average Flow Velocity of Mountain Rivers,\u201d Soviet Hydrology: Selected Papers, American Geophysical Union, No. 5, 1969, pp. 500-511.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Griffiths, G.A.(1981) \u201cFlow resistance in course gravel bed rivers \u201cJ. Hydraulic Div. An soc. Civ. Eng. 107 (HY \u2013 7), 899 \u2013 918<br \/>\r\n[15]. Hartung, F., and Scheuerlein. H., \u201cMacroturbulent Flow in Steep Open Channels with High Natural Roughness,\u201d Proceedings of the Twelfih Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Fort Collins, Colo., Vol, 1, Sept., 1967, pp, 1-8.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Herbich, J.B., and Shulits, S., \u201cLarge-Scale Roughness in Open Channel Flow,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 90, No. HY6, Proc. Paper 4105, Nov., 1964, pp, 203- 230.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Hey, R.D., \u201cFlow Resistance in Gravel-Bed Rivers,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. HY4, Proc. Paper 14500, Apr., 1979, pp, 365-379.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Hey R.D (1979) \u201cFlow resistance in gravel Bed Rivers \u201cJ Hydraulic Div Am SOC CIV Eng, 105 (HY \u2013 4), 365 \u2013 379.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Johansson, C.E., \u201cOrientation of Pebbles in Running Water,\u201d Geografiska Anneler, Vol. 45, Stockholan, Sweden, 1963, pp, 85-112.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Judd, H.E., and Peterson, D.F.., \u201cHydraulics of Large Bed Element Channels,\u201d Report No. PRWG 17-6, Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1969.<br \/>\r\n[21]. James C. Bathurst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol 107 NOHY-12, pp 1593-1613.<br \/>\r\n[22]. James C. Batharst (December 1981) \u201cResistance Equation for Large Scale Roughness\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 107 NO HY 12, PP 1593-1613.<br \/>\r\n[23]. James C. Bathurst (December 1978) \u201cFlow resistance of large-scale roughness \u201cJournal of the Hydraulic Division Vol 104, NO12, PP 1587-1603<br \/>\r\n[24]. J. Aberle and G.M. Smart (2003) \u201cThe influence of roughness structures on flow resistance on steep slopes\u201d, Journal of Hydraulic Research Vol 41, Issue 3, Available online 01 Feb 2010,259-269<br \/>\r\n[25]. Kellerhals, R., \u201cRunoff Routing Through Steep Natural Streams,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. HY11, Proc. Paper 7666, Nov., 1970, pp, 2201-2217.<br \/>\r\n[26]. LI, R-M., Simons, D.B., Ward, T.J., and Steele, K.S., \u201cPhase 1 Report: Hydraulic Model Study of Flow Control Structures,\u201d Report No. CER77-78RML-DBS-TJW, KSS15,Department of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,Colo., Nov., 1977.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Lovera, F. and kennedy J.F (1969) \u201cFriction factors for flat \u2013 bed flows in sand channel\u201d J Hydraulic Div , Am. Soc. Civ Eng 95 (HY 4) 1227 \u2013 1234 .<br \/>\r\n[28]. Miller, J.P., \u201cHigh Mountain Streams: Effects of Geology on Channel Characteristics and Bed Material,\u201d Memoir No. 4, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, N.M., 1958.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Peterson, D.F., and Mohanty, P.K., \u201cFlume Studies of Flow in Steep, Rough Channels,\u201d Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, Vol. 86, HY9, Proc. Paper 2653, Nov., 1960, pp,55-76.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Petryk, S. and shen, H.W (1971) \u201cDirect measurement of shear stream in a flume, \u201cJ Hydraulic Div. Am. SOC. Civ. Eng. 97(HY \u2013 6), 883 \u2013 887<br \/>\r\n[31]. Thompson, S.M. and Campbell, P.L.(1979) \u201cHydraulics of a large channel paved with boulders\u201d J. Hydraulics Research, 17(4), 341-354<br \/>\r\n[32]. Van RiJn, L.C. (1982), \u201cEquivalent roughness of alluvial bed\u201d J Hydraulics Div, Am, SOC.Civ.Eng. 108 (HY10), 1215-1218<br \/>\r\n[33]. Whiting P.J; and Dietrich W.E. (1990) \u201cBoundary Shear Stress and roughness over mobile alluvial beds\u201d J Hydraulic Engg 116(12), 1495-01511<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Birendra Kumar Singh &#8220;Comparison of Minimum and Maximum Permissible Velocity of Flow with Respect to Advantage of Roughness&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.01-06 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/01-06.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/01-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comparison-of-minimum-and-maximum-permissible-velocity-of-flow-with-respect-to-advantage-of-roughness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comparison of Minimum and Maximum Permissible Velocity of Flow with Respect to Advantage of Roughness<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d88c74 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8923c\" data-id=\"9d8923c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8934a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8934a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d893e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d893e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d89534\" data-id=\"9d89534\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d89646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d89646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d896e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d896e4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8982d\" data-id=\"9d8982d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d89933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d89933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d899d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d899d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d89b42\" data-id=\"9d89b42\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d89c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d89c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Trace Determination of Copper(II), Iron(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Using 3-Phenyl-Rhodanine &#8211; An Amperomertric Reagent <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Sugam J Shivhare, Rakesh Mishra and Mangla Dave Gautam &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 07-12<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d89cfb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d89cfb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d89e77\" data-id=\"9d89e77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d89f9a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d89f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Electrochemical studies on heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen is the topic of interest for many researchers. Sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds were used as amperometric reagents. In analytical chemistry rhodanine (2-Sulfanylidene-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one) and its derivatives are used as amperometric reagents for trace determination of several transition metal ions. In this paper we have synthesized, characterized and has been used 3-phenyl-rhodanine as spectrophotometric reagents for determination of certain metal ions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 07-12\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sugam J Shivhare <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Sciences, SVKM\u2019s NMIMS, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, Shirpur Campus, 425405, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rakesh Mishra<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Applied Sciences, LKCT, Indore, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mangla Dave Gautam<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGovt. Holkar Science College, Indore, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Varsha Kshirsagar, Mangla Dave Gautam, Rasayan Journal of chemistry, 2010, 3,772-776.<br \/>\r\n[2]. J.H. Yoe and L.G.J. Overholser, Amer. Chem Soc. 1941, 63, 3224.<br \/>\r\n[3]. K.Y.Chiu, T.H. Su, C.W.Huang, G.S. Liou and S.H.J.Cheng, Electroanalysis.2005, 578, 283.<br \/>\r\n[4]. M.C.Corredor and J.M.R.Mellado, Electrochimica Acta.2004, 49, 1843.<br \/>\r\n[5]. L.D. Hicks, A.J.Fry, and V.C. Kurzweil, Electrochimica Acta. 2004,50,1039.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Y.I. Moharram and M.M.Ghoneim, J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 35, 570.<br \/>\r\n[7]. G. Diao and W. Zhou, J. Electroanal.Chem. 2004, 32,567.<br \/>\r\n[8]. W. Nerst and E.S.Merriam, Physik Chem.1995, 53, 235.<br \/>\r\n[9]. S. Berezickey and J. Heyrovaskey, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun. 1929,1,19.<br \/>\r\n[10]. N.V. Rees, J.D. Wadhawan, O.V.Klymenko, B.A. Coles and R.G. Compton, J. Electroanal.Chem. 2004,563,191.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Sugam Shivhare, Rakesh Mishra, Anil Gharia, and Mangla Dave Gautam, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012, 4, 374-377.<br \/>\r\n[12]. N. Laventis, G.Zhang, A.M.Rawashdeh, and C.M.Lenventis, Electro-Chimica Acta. 2003, 48, 2799.<br \/>\r\n[13]. M.J. Higuera, M.R.Montoya, M.R.Galvin, and J.M.R. Mellado, J. Electro- anal. Chem. 2004,474,174.<br \/>\r\n[14]. L.J.Smith, I.M.Kolthoff and L.J.J.Spillane, Am Chem. Soc.1942, 64, 646.<br \/>\r\n[15]. S. Bollo, L.J.Nunez-Vergara and J.A.Squella, Bull. Soc. Chill. Quim. 1999, 44, 67.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sugam J Shivhare, Rakesh Mishra and Mangla Dave Gautam &#8220;Trace Determination of Copper(II), Iron(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Using 3-Phenyl-Rhodanine &#8211; An Amperomertric Reagent &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.07-12 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/07-12.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/07-12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/trace-determination-of-copperii-ironii-nickelii-and-zincii-using-3-phenyl-rhodanine-an-amperomertric-reagent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Trace Determination of Copper(II), Iron(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Using 3-Phenyl-Rhodanine &#8211; An Amperomertric Reagent <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8ae16 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8b6f4\" data-id=\"9d8b6f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8b812 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8b812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8b8b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8b8b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8ba1f\" data-id=\"9d8ba1f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8bb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8bb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8bbf5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8bbf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8bd74\" data-id=\"9d8bd74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8be90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8be90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impact of Climate Change and Hydropower Development on the Community Livelihoods in the Sondu Miriu River Basin <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Willis Owino Ochieng, Christopher Oludhe, Simeon Dulo &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 13-20<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8bf3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8bf3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8c0c5\" data-id=\"9d8c0c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8c20e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d8c20e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Climate change is the expected outcome of increases in atmospheric concentrations of \u201cgreenhouse\u201d gases resulting from human activities. Energy has been identified as one of those sectors that contribute more towards GHGs emissions while renewable energy technologies have the potential to mitigate GHGs emissions. Among all the renewable energy technologies being utilised, hydropower stands out to be the most stable and proven technology over time compared to the others. Despite hydropower having the potential to mitigate climate change impacts and support some adaptation strategies, it is also likely to be impacted on by climate change. Both climate change and hydropower development are also most likely to impact on the community livelihoods.<br \/>\r\nThis paper assesses the the impacts of climate change and hydropower development on the community livelihoods within the Sondu Miriu River basin. It involves interviews with the local community, their leadership and other development actors within the basin. Vulnerability assessment and statistical applications tools have been used.<br \/>\r\nThe results have shown that climate change and hydropower development have impact on the community livelihoods in general. They both have a big influence on the socioeconomic and environmental activities within the basin. The benefits derived from hydropower development project can be used to reduce the vulnerability of the local communities to climate change impacts.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 13-20\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Willis Owino Ochieng<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christopher Oludhe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Simeon Dulo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInstitute for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Nairobi, Kenya.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bizikova, L., Sarah, B., Stewart, C., &amp; Robinson, J. (2010). A participatory integrated assessment approach to local climate change responses: Linking sustainable development with climate change adaptation &amp; mitigation.<br \/>\r\n[2] Droogers, P., Butterfield, R. and Dyszynski, J. (2009). Climate change and hydropower, impact and adaptation costs: case study Kenya. FutureWater Report, 85.<br \/>\r\n[3] GoK (2010). National Climate Change Response Strategy<br \/>\r\n[4] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007a). Climate Change (2007). Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Parry, M.L., O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, and C.E. Hanson, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 976 pp.<br \/>\r\n[5] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007b). Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Parry, M.L., O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, and C.E. Hanson, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 7-22.<br \/>\r\n[6] IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, G. K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, B. Bex, and B. M. Midgley (eds)). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.<br \/>\r\n[7] Klein, R.J.T., S.E.H. Eriksen, L.O. Naess, A. Hammill, T.M. Tanner, C. Robledo, and K.L. O\u2019Brien (2007). Portfolio screening to support the mainstreaming of adaptation to climate change into development assistance. Climatic Change, 84(1), pp. 23-44.<br \/>\r\n[8] Kumar, A., T. Schei, A. Ahenkorah, R. Caceres Rodriguez, J.-M. Devernay, M. Freitas, D. Hall, A. Killingtveit, Z. Liu (2011). Hydropower. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlomer, C. von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.<br \/>\r\n[9] Lebel, L., Li, L., Krittasudthacheewa, C., Juntopas, M., Vijitpan, T., Uchiyama, T. and Krawanchid, D. (2012). Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development planning. Bangkok: Adaptation Knowledge Platform and Stockholm Environment Institute, p.8.<br \/>\r\n[10] Liebmann, B., Hoerling, M.P., Funk, C., Blad\u00e9, I., Dole, R.M., Allured, D., Quan, X., Pegion, P. and Eischeid, J.K. (2014). Understanding recent Eastern Horn of Africa rainfall variability and change. Journal of Climate, 27(23), pp.8630-8645.<br \/>\r\n[11] Masese, F.O., Mwasi, B.N., Etiegni, L. and Raburu, P.O. (2012). Effects of deforestation on water resources: Integrating science and community perspectives in the Sondu-Miriu River Basin, Kenya. INTECH Open Access Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[12] Moomaw, W., F. Yamba, M. Kamimoto, L. Maurice, J. Nyboer, K. Urama, T. Weir (2011). Introduction. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlomer, C.von Stechow (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.<br \/>\r\n[13] Niang, I., O.C. Ruppel, M.A. Abdrabo, A. Essel, C. Lennard, J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart (2014). Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199-1265.<br \/>\r\n[14] Olago, D., Marshall, M., Wandiga, S.O., Opondo, M., Yanda, P.Z., Kangalawe, R., Githeko, A., Downs, T., Opere, A., Kabumbuli, R. and Kirumira, E. (2007). Climatic, socio-economic, and health factors affecting human vulnerability to cholera in the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 36(4), pp.350-358.<br \/>\r\n[15] WCD (2000). Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making: The Report of the World Commission on Dams. World Commission on Dams, Earthscan, London, UK.<br \/>\r\n[16] Wilbanks, T.J., P. Leiby, R.D. Perlack, J.T. Ensminger, and S.B. Wright (2007). Toward an integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation: some preliminary findings Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12(5), 713-725<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Willis Owino Ochieng, Christopher Oludhe, Simeon Dulo &#8220;Impact of Climate Change and Hydropower Development on the Community Livelihoods in the Sondu Miriu River Basin&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 13-20 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/13-20.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/13-20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impact-of-climate-change-and-hydropower-development-on-the-community-livelihoods-in-the-sondu-miriu-river-basin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Impact of Climate Change and Hydropower Development on the Community Livelihoods in the Sondu Miriu River Basin<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8d09a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d8d09a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8db2f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8db2f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8dc84\" data-id=\"9d8dc84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8dd8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8dd8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8de27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8de27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8df97\" data-id=\"9d8df97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8e0ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8e0ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Plantain\u2013Soy Flour Blends<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Gbenga Daniel Abata, Emmanuel Orimisan Abata , Daniel Babatunde Lene, Yetunde Omobola Akande &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 21-26<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8e14f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8e14f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8e2ba\" data-id=\"9d8e2ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8e3df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d8e3df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the fortification of food product comprising of plantain flour and soy flour. It also evaluated the proximate, mineral composition and sensory characteristics of the blends with a view to increase the protein quantity and quality of the blends and use soy bean to substitute plantain flour. The blends comprising of plantain-soy flour were in the ratio (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20). The samples were evaluated for proximate analysis (moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, ash content, crude fibre, carbohydrate and the kilocalories), mineral analysis (calcium, phosphorus and iron) using standard method. Sensory evaluation which includes (aroma, extensibility, colour, taste and overall acceptability), and sensory characteristics were evaluated (when reconstituted in hot water) using a 9 point hedonic scale. All data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The following result were obtained: moisture content, 11.92%-13.25%, ash content, 0.84%-1.28%, crude fat, 0.20%-0.58%, crude protein 4.50%-6.31%, crude fibre, 0.40%-0.72%, carbohydrate, 78.71% &#8211; 81.18%,kcal 343.47-345.41.The result of mineral analysis in (mg\/100mg) were as follow: iron content 8.09-18.25, phosphorus content 132.98-170.80, calcium content 102.86 150.03. All the samples were moderate in terms of colour, taste, extensibility, aroma, and overall acceptability except the sample with 80:20 blends that have the highest overall acceptability. It was concluded that 80:20 blend has the highest overall acceptability because of high protein content.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 21-26\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gbenga Daniel Abata<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic Ede Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel Orimisan Abata <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartments of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Daniel Babatunde Lene <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartments of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yetunde Omobola Akande<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal Polytechnic Ede Osun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abioye V.F., Ade \u2013 Omowaye B. I. O., Babarinde G.O and Adesigbin M. K.(2011). Chemical, Physiochemical and sensory properties of plantain flour. Afrian Journal of food science. 5(4):176-180.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Mahan L. K., Escott \u2013 Stump, S., (2011): Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy 10th Edition, W. B. Saunders Company: pp. 143 \u2013 147.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Ihekoronye A. I., Ngoddy P. O. (2009): Integrated Food Science and Technology for The Tropics, Macmillan Publisher Ltd., London and Basing Stoke: pp. 274 \u2013 291.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Ogazi P.O., Oyewusi F.A., Ozumba A.U., Ogundipe H.O., Osifo B.O.A., Lukambi F.A., (2008): Development and Sensory Evaluation of Soyamusa: A Soybean-Plantain Baby Food. ISHS ActaHortic., pp.540: International Conference on Banana and Plantain for Africa.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Islam T., Chowdhury A., Islam M., Islam S., (2007): Standardization of Bread Preparation from Soy Flour; International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2 (6): 15 \u2013 20.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ndife J., Abbo E., (2009): Functional Foods; Prospects and Challenges in Nigeria; Journal of Science and Technology, vol 1 No. 5: pp<br \/>\r\n[7]. Ibanga U. I. and Oladele A. K., (2008): Production and Determination of the Proximate Composition and Consumer Acceptability of an Enriched Dumpling (Masovita) Made of Maize, Soybeans and Cassava. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 6 (2): 110<br \/>\r\n[8]. AOAC., (2001): Official Method of Analysis-18th Ed., Assoc., Official Anal. Chemist, Washington D.C<br \/>\r\n[9]. Olaaoye o.a, Beatrice i.o and ade-omowaye (2008). Composite Flour and Bread: Potential of Local Crops in Developing Countries. DOI:10:1016\/B978-0-12-380886-8. 10017. Pp 183-192 London.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Balogun m.a, Kolawole f.l, Karim o.r and Fasakin t.b (2016). Proximate Composition, Microbial Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Gruel from Fermented Maize and soybean. Applied Tropical Agriculture 21(2) 53-57<br \/>\r\n[11]. Olaoye o.a, onilude a.a and idown o (2006). Quality Characteristics of Bread Produce from Composite Flours of Wheat, Plantain and Soybean. African Journal of Biotechnology 5 1102-1106.<br \/>\r\n[12]. AACC., (1995): Approved method of American association of cereal chemists, 9th Edn., American Association of Cereal Chemist press, St. Paul .MN<br \/>\r\n[13]. Anuonye J. C., (2010): Effect of Extrusion Process Variables on Physiochemical Sensory. Microbial and Storage Properties of Product From a chadigeterial In Esilis and Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.)Merr).PHD, Thesis University of Agriculture Makurdi.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gbenga Daniel Abata, Emmanuel Orimisan Abata , Daniel Babatunde Lene, Yetunde Omobola Akande &#8220;Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Plantain\u2013Soy Flour Blends&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.21-26 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/21-26.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/21-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/proximate-mineral-and-sensory-properties-of-plantain-soy-flour-blends\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proximate, Mineral and Sensory Properties of Plantain\u2013Soy Flour Blends<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f1ae 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8f60a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f765\" data-id=\"9d8f765\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f881 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8f881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8f91e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8f91e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8fa74\" data-id=\"9d8fa74\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8fb80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8fb80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8fc1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8fc1e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d8fd63\" data-id=\"9d8fd63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d8fe73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d8fe73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d8ff0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d8ff0f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9007b\" data-id=\"9d9007b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d901a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d901a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Implementation of Wheel Chair cum Stretcher Using Servo Control Mechanism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Tarun Kanti Pal, Madhavi Anand, Anjali Sharma, Sk. Ebadattulla, Sourav Kumar Bhunia &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 27-30<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d90244 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d90244\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d903a5\" data-id=\"9d903a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d904c1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d904c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This work represents the design and implementation of wheel chair cum stretcher for carrying the physically disabled persons in easier way and manufacturing cost is also quiet low. The servo control mechanism can convert a wheel chair into stretcher or vice versa. When servo control mechanism is stretched the down position of the seat including with footrest goes horizontal till the level of seat of wheel chair and simultaneously the back support goes down and make horizontal with seat of wheel chair, now it become stretcher and when same system operated vertically and it converts into wheel chair from stretcher. It is design and implement in such a way that a patient or physically disabled persons could be used in a single clicked and self-drive by joystick.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 27-30\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Tarun Kanti Pal<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township &#8211; 721 171, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Madhavi Anand<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township &#8211; 721 171, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Anjali Sharma<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township &#8211; 721 171, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sk. Ebadattulla<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township &#8211; 721 171, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sourav Kumar Bhunia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, KTPP Township &#8211; 721 171, West Bengal, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. S.J. Suryawanshi and K. Janardhan Reddy, \u201cConceptual Product Development of Wheelchair for People Disabled in Legs\u201d, International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 2, pp.01-10, October December, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[2]. T.J. Alexander B. Martin, J.S.T. Rao and A. Ali, \u201cDevelopment of a Transformable Electrically Powered Wheel Chair into a Medical Emergency Stretcher\u201d, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol.8, Issue No.2, June 2016<br \/>\r\n[3]. J.J. John, J. Johnson, J.C. Joy , G. John and A. Johnson., \u201cMultipurpose Medical Bed\u201d, International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol.1, Issue 5, September 2016.<br \/>\r\n[4]. James J. Kauzlarich., \u201cWheelchair caster shimmy II: Damping\u201d, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, Volume. 37, No. 3, pp. 305- 313, May\/June 2000.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tarun Kanti Pal, Madhavi Anand, Anjali Sharma, Sk. Ebadattulla, Sourav Kumar Bhunia &#8220;Design and Implementation of Wheel Chair cum Stretcher Using Servo Control Mechanism&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.27-30 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/27-30.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/27-30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-implementation-of-wheel-chair-cum-stretcher-using-servo-control-mechanism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Design and Implementation of Wheel Chair cum Stretcher Using Servo Control Mechanism<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d91259 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d91259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d91347 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d91347\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d914bc\" data-id=\"9d914bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d915e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d915e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9167f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9167f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d917da\" data-id=\"9d917da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d918e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d918e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d91989 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d91989\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d91ad6\" data-id=\"9d91ad6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d91bdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d91bdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d91c77 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d91c77\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d91dc3\" data-id=\"9d91dc3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d91ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d91ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d91f64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d91f64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d920bc\" data-id=\"9d920bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d921cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d921cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Review Paper on Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Prof. Yuvaraj T, Nithin Krishna, Poojary Manish, Priya Naik, Varsha P &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 31-32<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d92263 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d92263\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d923dd\" data-id=\"9d923dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9250e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d9250e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Water is one of the most important natural resources essential for survival and it is supplied to cities through pipelines from water sources such has rivers and lakes. Non Revenue Water (NRW) is the amount of water which has been produced and lost before reaching the customer. It may be due to leaks, illegal connection and faulty meters.<br \/>\r\nBearing in mind that water leakage is a global issue that has already grown to become a critical issue in many areas, the main objective of the paper is to develop a leak and water monitoring system, using the concept of IoT, flow sensor that can be used for detecting the leak and solenoid valves placed in different parts of pipeline cam obstruct the water flow until the defective part of the pipeline is repaired. And further the leak occurred shall be informed to concerned authorities wirelessly.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 31-32\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Prof. Yuvaraj T <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nithin Krishna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Poojary Manish <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Priya Naik<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Varsha P <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET, Mijar, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Ms. T. Deepiga, Ms. A. Sivasankari, \u201cSmart Water Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network at Home\/Office\u201d International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015<br \/>\r\n[2] Mr. Sahil Adsul, Mr. Ashok Kumar, \u201cDevelopment of Leakage Detection System\u201d, 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT) International Institute of Information Technology (I\u00b2IT), Pune.<br \/>\r\n[3] M. JayaLakshmi, Dr. V. Gomathi, \u201cAn enhanced underground pipeline water leakage monitoring and detection system using wireless sensor network\u201d, 2015 International Conference on Soft-Computing and Network Security (ICSNS 2015), Feb. 25 \u2013 27, 2015, Coimbatore, INDIA.<br \/>\r\n[4] Motaz Daadoo, Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi, \u201cSmart Water Leakage Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks (SWLD)\u201d, International Journal of Networks and Communications p-ISSN: 2168-4936.<br \/>\r\n[5] Andrea Myles,\u201d Permanent Leak Detection on Pipes Using a Fibre Optic Based Continuous Sensor Technology\u201d, Pipelines Conference 2011<br \/>\r\n[6] Bheki SITHOLE, Suvendi RIMER, \u201cSmart Water Leakage Detection and Metering Device\u201d, IST-Africa 2016 Conference Proceedings Paul Cunningham and Miriam Cunningham (Eds), IIMC International Information Management Corporation, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[7] M. M. Gamboa-Medina, L.F. Ribeiro Reis, R. Capobianco Guido, \u201cFeature extraction in pressure signals for leak detection in water Networks\u201d 12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry, CCWI2013<br \/>\r\n[8] Alberto Martini, Marco Troncossi and Alessandro Rivola \u201cVibration monitoring as a tool for leak detection in water distribution networks\u201d Department of Engineering for Industry \u2013 University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.<br \/>\r\n[9] Jihoon Choi, Joonho Shin, Choonggeun Song, Suyong Han and Doo Il Park \u201cLeak Detection and Location of Water Pipes Using Vibration Sensors and Modified ML Prefilter\u201d School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-City, Gyeonggi-do 10540, Korea.<br \/>\r\n[10] Fukushima Kei, Maruta Yuuji, Izumi Kazuo, Yusuke, Yoshizawa Ayumi, Tanaka Toshiaki \u201cA Water Leak Detection Service Based on Sensors and ICT Solutions\u201d.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Prof. Yuvaraj T, Nithin Krishna, Poojary Manish, Priya Naik, Varsha P &#8220;Review Paper on Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.31-32 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/31-32.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/31-32.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/review-paper-on-water-monitoring-and-leakage-detection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Review Paper on Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d932b7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d932b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d93385 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d93385\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d93504\" data-id=\"9d93504\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d93622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d93622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d936bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d936bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d93806\" data-id=\"9d93806\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d93c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d93c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d93ca2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d93ca2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d93dec\" data-id=\"9d93dec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d93ef6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d93ef6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d93f8f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d93f8f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d940dc\" data-id=\"9d940dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d941e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d941e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9427e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9427e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d943d7\" data-id=\"9d943d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d944f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d944f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impacts Socio-Economiques et Sanitaires de l\u2019Exploitation des Fermes Int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e0 Dominance Piscicole dans la Commune d\u2019Abomey-Calavi (Sud-B\u00e9nin)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Gyl FABADE, Vifan EricSEBO, Thierry Herv\u00e9AZONHE, Yannick ATIGLI &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 33-43<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d94597 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d94597\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d94711\" data-id=\"9d94711\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d94875 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d94875\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Satisfying the consumption needs of animal protein of halieutic origin poses enormous problems as well on the organizational level as social and economic. The present study was therefore analyzed by the socio-economic and sanitary producers of fish production at fish farms and \/ or farms with fish dominance in the Commune of Abomey-Calavi (Benin). In order to carry out this study, the methodology adopted revolves around the collection of data, their treatments and the analysis of the results. For field data collection, a sample of 54 farms including 29 integrated farms with fish dominance and 25 fish farms were identified. The economic analysis relied on revenue per production band, thanks to estimates of the flows reported by the operators. With regard to the health impacts of fish farming, they have been appreciated through the cross-analysis of farm activities and the types of diseases suffered by farmers. The results of the study show that farmers&#8217; working conditions and farm activities vary from one farm to another. Overall, 63% of farms are mainly fish farms, 9.3% are livestock breeding, 25.9% mainly market gardening and 1.9% are mainly engaged in agriculture. In total, 100% of the farmers have a fish production unit in association with other productions. Factors such as income per production band and health constraints influence fish development in the study area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 33-43\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gyl FABADE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nD\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie et Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire (DGAT\/FASHS\/UAC)<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vifan EricSEBO<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEcole des Sciences et techniques du B\u00e2timent et de la Route (ESTBR\/UNSTIM)<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Thierry Herv\u00e9AZONHE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nD\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie et Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire (DGAT\/FASHS\/UAC)<br \/>\r\nInstitut de G\u00e9ographie, de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire et d\u2019Environnement (IGATE\/UAC)<br \/>\r\nCentre B\u00e9ninois de Recherche Technique et d\u2019Innovation (CBRSI\/MESRS)<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yannick ATIGLI<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nD\u00e9partement de G\u00e9ographie et Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire (DGAT\/FASHS\/UAC)<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. ABE, (2000) : La ma\u00eetrise du foncier urbain et rural. Cotonou, mars 2000, 45 p<br \/>\r\n[2]. Abrassart. (2011): Infection diverses : o\u00f9 commence la chirurgie ? H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve. Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine. pp 1-23.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Agbossou, E., (2001) : Impacts sanitaires de l\u2019exploitation agricole des sols inondables sur l\u2019environnement humain des zones humides du sud-B\u00e9nin : cas des entit\u00e9s territoriales de Lokossa et d\u2019Athi\u00e9m\u00e9 au B\u00e9nin 23p.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Amoussou, O. T., (2011) : Am\u00e9lioration durable des syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;exploitation aquacole dans la zone p\u00e9riurbaine de Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. M\u00e9moire de Master en production et sant\u00e9 animales ; 70p + Annexes.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Azonh\u00e8, T., (2005) : Impacts sanitaires et socio\u00e9conomiques de l\u2019exploitation agricole des espaces inondables de la d\u00e9pression des Tchi \u00e0 Lalo au sud du b\u00e9nin ; M\u00e9moire de DEA\/GEN\/EDP\/FLASH\/UAC ; B\u00e9nin ; 84p ;<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bonou, G., (2004) : Impacts socio-sanitaires de l\u2019exploitation agricole des terres humides au Sud-B\u00e9nin : cas des arrondissements de Kpanroun et de Zinvi\u00e9 Commune d\u2019Abomey-Calavi. M\u00e9moire de ma\u00eetrise de g\u00e9ographie, DGAT\/FLASH\/UAC, 95 p. + annexes.<br \/>\r\n[7]. CREDI-ONG, (2007) : Rapport annuel de la situation des p\u00eaches en particulier sur les pisciculteurs. 158 p.<br \/>\r\n[8]. FAO., (2003) : L\u2019Aquaculture, seul moyen de combler le \u201cd\u00e9ficit de poisson\u201d. L\u2019avenir de la pisciculture au c\u0153ur d\u2019une r\u00e9union minist\u00e9rielle. FAO salle de presse, Note de synth\u00e8se r\u00e9union du 19 novembre 2007. FAO (ed), Rome (Italie), 19p ; www.fao.org\/newsroom\/fr\/news\/2007\/1000701\/index.html (consult\u00e9 le 8 Novembre 2015) ;<br \/>\r\n[9]. FAO (2007): The state of world fisheries and aquaculture, Electronic Publishing and Support Branch, Rome, 162 p.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Garba, A, et al., (2000) : Evaluation pr\u00e9liminaire de la morbidit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 S. haematobium et S. mansoni dans la zone du futur barrage d\u2019Ajarala au B\u00e9nin. Sant\u00e9, 10 (5): pp 5-323.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Halwart, M., (2004): Fish as biocontrol agents in rice: the potential of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Margraf Verlag. Weikersheim, Germany, 169p.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Ibikounl\u00e9, M., et al., (2009) : Freshwater snail diversity in Benin (West Africa) with a focus on human schistosomiasis. Acta Trop, pp 111 (1) : pp 1-29.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Imorou Toko, I., et al., (2007): Essai d\u2019\u00e9levage de Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) en \u00abwhedos\u00bb au B\u00e9nin. 125p.<br \/>\r\n[14]. INSAE (2013) : Quatri\u00e8me Recensement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Population et de l\u2019Habitation (RPGH4). INSAE, Cotonou, R\u00e9sultats d\u00e9finitif du RGPH4, version finale, Juin 2013, pp 1-15.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Koloma, Y., (2010) : Effets de seuil dans larelation entre l\u2019acc\u00e8s au microcr\u00e9dit etl\u2019am\u00e9lioration du bien-\u00eatre des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires.Monde en D\u00e9veloppement, 38 (152), pp 13-30.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Lal\u00e8y\u00e8, P.,et al., (2003): Ecology and behaviour of catfishes. Chapter 18. In: Catfishes (Arratia G., Kapoor B. G., Chardon M &amp; Diogo R. 2003 eds sc.). Science Publishers, Inc; vol. 2: pp 525-579<br \/>\r\n[17]. OMS, (2003): Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa.Gen\u00e8ve, 86 (2-3), pp 125-39.<br \/>\r\n[18]. OMS., (2003) : Pauvret\u00e9 et sant\u00e9 : une strat\u00e9gie pour l\u2019Afrique. Brazaville, 2003, 27p.<br \/>\r\n[19]. OMS., (1980) : Les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques : prise en charge des cas, morbidit\u00e9 et mortalit\u00e9. Manuel d\u2019enqu\u00eate dans les m\u00e9nages. Gen\u00e8ve, Suisse ; 61p.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Or\u00e9kan, V., (2000) : Impacts de l\u2019exploitation des bas-fonds sur la sant\u00e9 des populations : cas des sous-pr\u00e9fectures de Dassa-Zoum\u00e8 et de Glazou\u00e9 dans le D\u00e9partement des Collines au B\u00e9nin, M\u00e9moire DEA EDP\/GENV\/FLASH\/UAC, 79p.<br \/>\r\n[21]. PADPA, (2013) : Projet d\u2019Appui au D\u00e9veloppement de P\u00eache Artisanale, Document de conception final, R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin, Rapport final, 82 p.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Paul, B., Garrabe,M., (2011) : Le capitalinstitutionnel dans l\u2019analyse du d\u00e9veloppement : prolongement th\u00e9orique etpremier test empirique. 48\u00e8meColloque international de l\u2019Association de ScienceR\u00e9gionale de Langue Fran\u00e7aise, 6,7 et 8 juillet2011, Schoelcher-Martinique,http:\/\/asrdlf2011.com\/, 16 p.<br \/>\r\n[23]. RGPH \/ INSAE (2004). Troisi\u00e8me Recensement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Population de l\u2019Habitation : Cahier des villages et quartier de ville D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Atlantique. INSAE, B\u00e9nin, 40 p.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Ziad, R., Bernard, P., (2008) : Infections cutan\u00e9es staphylococciques et streptococciques.pp 9-24.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gyl FABADE, Vifan EricSEBO, Thierry Herv\u00e9AZONHE, Yannick ATIGLI &#8220;Impacts Socio-Economiques et Sanitaires de l\u2019Exploitation des Fermes Int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e0 Dominance Piscicole dans la Commune d\u2019Abomey-Calavi (Sud-B\u00e9nin)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 33-43 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/33-43.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/33-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impacts-socio-economiques-et-sanitaires-de-lexploitation-des-fermes-integrees-a-dominance-piscicole-dans-la-commune-dabomey-calavi-sud-benin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Impacts Socio-Economiques et Sanitaires de l\u2019Exploitation des Fermes Int\u00e9gr\u00e9es \u00e0 Dominance Piscicole dans la Commune d\u2019Abomey-Calavi (Sud-B\u00e9nin)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d95640 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d95640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9570e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9570e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9588c\" data-id=\"9d9588c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d959b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d959b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d95a4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d95a4a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d95b9f\" data-id=\"9d95b9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d95ca9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d95ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d95d4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d95d4b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d95e92\" data-id=\"9d95e92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d95fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d95fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9603a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9603a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d961a7\" data-id=\"9d961a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d962ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d962ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Ethanolic Root Extract of <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis<\/i>, and Sildenafil on Some Haematological Test Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Iheanyichukwu Wopara, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Matthew O. Wegwu, Emmanuel U. Modo, Samuel C. Anyalenkeya- March 2019 Page No.: 44-48<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9634e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9634e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d964b9\" data-id=\"9d964b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d965e7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d965e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida and Pinus koraiensis<\/i> are evergreen shrub plants usually used as an aphrodisiac and have been used in traditional medicine practice for centuries with its leaves, roots and latex all in use. Sildenafil (Viagra) are drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic root extract of <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis<\/i> and Sildenafil (Viagra) tablets on some haematological test parameters of albino rats. The experimental animals were grouped into five different groups with 5 animals each. Group 1 (control) were fed with vital pellet feed and tap water only, Group 2 received 80mg\/kg of grinded tablets of sildenafil, Group 3 received 200mg\/kg <i>Baphia nitida,<\/i> Group 4 received 200mg\/kg of <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum,<\/i> while Group 5 received 600mg\/kg of <i>Pinus koraiensis<\/i> (Korean pine nuts). Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, White blood cell, Red blood cell, and Platelet concentration were determined using automated haematological analyzer systemex KX-21 (Japan). The result shows a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in PCV level of Group 5 (32.4 \u00b1 3.2 %) compared to the control rats (41.7 \u00b1 1.2 %) and Group 2 (39.6 \u00b1 2.9 %), as well as Group 3 (38.8 \u00b1 1.2 %) and Group 4 (35.7 \u00b1 8.2 %). Platelet counts also showed statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in Group 4 (307.6 \u00b1 9.18 x 109\/L) compared to Group 2 (428.5 \u00b1 14.1 x 109\/L), as well as Group 3 and Group 5. There was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in the haemoglobin levels between the control rats and Group 2, 3 and Group 4. White blood cell counts showed higher mean values in Group 2 (13.6 \u00b1 4.1 x 109\/L), compared to the control rats (9.9 \u00b1 1.4 x 109\/L) and other groups, but the mean difference were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). While the red blood cell counts were not statistically significant. This result therefore suggests that ethanolic extract of the aphrodisiac plant <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Ikeagwu), Baphia nitida (Abosi) and Pinus koraiensis<\/i> as well as Sildenafil tablets at certain concentration could be desirous or deleterious so caution should be applied during oral ingestion.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 44-48\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Iheanyichukwu Wopara<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Augustine A. Uwakwe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Matthew O. Wegwu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Emmanuel U. Modo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Nigeria. Elele campus<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel C. Anyalenkeya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Madonna University, Nigeria. Elele campus<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Dalziel, J. M. (1956). The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. London: Crown Agents for Overseas Government.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Chan, K. (2003). Some aspect of toxic contaminants in herbal remedies. A review. Chemosphere. 52, 1361-1371<br \/>\r\n[3]. Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary clinical pathology. W. B Saunders, Philadelphia, USA, 10-42<br \/>\r\n[4]. Burkill, H. M. (1997). The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. 2nd Edition. Volume 4, Families M\u2013R. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 969 pp<br \/>\r\n[5]. Gill, L. S. (1992). Ethnomedical uses of plants in Nigeria. University of Benin Press Publisher, 80-181.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ajagbonna, O. P. (2004). Hematological and Biochemical Changes in rats given extract of Calotropis procera. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences.1999:36-42.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Carson, C. C. (2003). Long-term use of sildenafil. Expert Opin Pharmacother; 4(3):397-405.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Corbin, J. D, Francis, S. H. and Webb, D. J. (2002). Phosphodiesterase type 5 as a Pharmacologic Target in erectile dysfunction. Urology. 4-11<br \/>\r\n[9]. Iwu, M. M. (1993). Handbook of African Medicinal plants. CRC Press, Broca Raton FL. 351.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Adeyemi, S. O. (1994). Ethnobotanical study of the antirheumatic plants in parts of Oyo, Ogun and Lagos States. Project Report in the Department of Microbiology and Botany, University of Ibadan. 46 pp.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Amos, S., Abbah, J. and Chindo, B. (2005). Neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum and Bahia nitida root bark in rats and mice. J ethnopharmacol; 97:153-7.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Burkill, H. M. (1985). Volume 1: The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa; Royal Botanical Gardens: Kew, UK.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Konstantinos, H. (2006). Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: an overview of the clinical evidence. Clin Interv Aging; 1(4): 403\u2013414<br \/>\r\n[14]. Mbaka, G. O. and Owolabi, M. A. (2011). Evaluation of Haematinic Activity and Subchronic Toxicity of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) Seed Oil. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 1(4): 140-152<br \/>\r\n[15]. Raji, Y., Fadare, O. O., Adisa, R. A. and Salami, S. A. (2006). Comprehensive assessment of the effect of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root extract on male reproductive activity in albino rats. Reproductive Medicine and Biology; 5: 283\u2013292<br \/>\r\n[16]. Njagi, J. M., Gitahi, S. M., Mwangi, B. M., Mworia, J. K., Juma, K. K., Aliyu, U., Mwonjoria, K. J., Njoroge, W. A., Ngugi, M. P. and Njagi, N. M. E. (2015). Determination of Hematological Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Vernonia lasiopus in Normal Mice. J Blood Lymph 5: 139.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Adeneye, A. A. (2008). Hematopoietic effect of methanol seed extract of Citrus paradise Mac fad (grape fruit) in Westar rats. Biomedical Research 19: 23-26.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Ganong, W. F. (2001). Review of Medical Physiology. (20th Edn), Lange Medical Books, McGraw Hill Companies Inc., New York.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iheanyichukwu Wopara, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Matthew O. Wegwu, Emmanuel U. Modo, Samuel C. Anyalenkeya &#8220;Effect of Ethanolic Root Extract of <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis<\/i>, and Sildenafil on Some Haematological Test Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.40-42 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/40-42.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/44-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-ethanolic-root-extract-of-sphenocentrum-jollyanum-baphia-nitida-pinus-koraiensis-and-sildenafil-on-some-haematological-test-parameters-in-albino-wistar-rats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Effect of Ethanolic Root Extract of <i>Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Baphia nitida, Pinus koraiensis<\/i>, and Sildenafil on Some Haematological Test Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d973ad elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d973ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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March 2019 Page No.: 49-55<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d980fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d980fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d98261\" data-id=\"9d98261\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d983a4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d983a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Significant distribution of metal pollutants and bioaccumulation factors in <i>Macrobrachium macrobrachium<\/i> and <i>Sarotherodon melanotheron<\/i> from Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem was studied during two hydrological periods. Metal pollutants such as Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Va, and Methyl mercury were found in measurable quantities in the test animals using AAS equipment for analyses and are found to be above regulatory agency permissible limits. Tissues and organs of M. macrobrachium had less than 1.00 bioaccumulation factors in Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and MH<sub>3<\/sub>Hg while bioaccumulation factors greater than 1.00 are found in Hg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Va, and Pb . Tissue and organs of <i>S. melanotheron<\/i> had less than1.00 bioaccumulation factor in Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and MH3Hg while, Cr and Va had greater than 1.00 BF. There is a significant difference in the means of metal pollutants in the tissues and organs of <i>M. macrobrachium<\/i> during dry season at 5% level of significance. There is no significant difference in the means of metal pollutants in the tissues and organs of <i>S. melanotheron<\/i> at 5% level of significance in both seasons. The results indicate that <i>M. macrobrachium<\/i> and <i>S. melanotheron<\/i> from Porto-Novo lagoon bio-accumulate metal pollutants that are detrimental to human health s well as affecting the physiology of these test animals in the Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem. It is therefore recommended that Porto-Novo lagoon should be put on National Priority List for adequate revamping.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 49-55\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusola Adeniyi Babalola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Fisheries Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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Adaptive Osmotic Responses of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann) and Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. 77 (4), 200, Retrieved online (http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20105730, 2004)\/ pp 455- 465<br \/>\r\n[14]. Holden. M and W. Reed,(1991). West African Freshwater Fish (Longman Publishers Ltd., Singapore. 68P)<br \/>\r\n[15]. Ishaq S.Eneji, Rufus Sha\u00ed Ato and P.A. Annune,(2011).Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals in Fish (Tilapia zilli and Clarias Gariepinus) Organ from River Benue, North-Central Nigeria. Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chem. 12, (1&amp; 2), 8P<br \/>\r\n[16]. Irnidayanti .Y (2015). Toxicity and Traces of Hg, Pb and Cd in the Hepatopancreas, Gills and Muscles of Perna viridis from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 18: 94-98.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Kabata-Pendias and Arun B. Mukherjee (2007) Trace Elements from Soil to Human (Library of Congress Control Number: 2007920909. 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Histopathology and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals (Cr, Ni and Pb) in Fish (Channa striatus and Heteropneustes fossilis) Tissue: A Study for Toxicity and Ecological Impacts. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 16: 412-420P<br \/>\r\n[23]. Of ori-Danson P.K and Kumi G.N (2009). Food and feeding habit of Sarotherodon melanotheron, R\u00fcppell, 1852 (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Sakumo Lagoon, Ghana. West Af r. J. Appl. Ecol .10(1): 9-18<br \/>\r\n[24]. Overnell, J. and A.M. Sparla, (1990). The binding of cadmium to crab cadmium metallothionein: A polarographic investigation. Biochem. J., 267: 539-540.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Shuhaimi-Othman, M., Nadzifah,Y.,Nur-Amalina, R. and Umirah N.S (2013). Derivin freshwater quality criteria for copper, cadmium, aluminum and manganese for protection of aquatic life in Malaysia. (Chemosphere, 90(11),2631-2636)<br \/>\r\n[26]. WHO (1989): \u201cheavy metals-environmental aspects\u201d Environment Health Criteria No. 85, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 30Pp<br \/>\r\n[27]. Wokoma. O.A.F (2014).Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals in Water, Sediment and Crab (Callinectes) from Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria, International Journal of Scientific &amp; Technology Research .3,( 12), 295-299<br \/>\r\n[28]. Wokoma O.A.F (2014). Heavy Metal Concentrations in Three Commercially Important Fish Species in the Lower Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 4(22): 164 \u2013 168<br \/>\r\n[29]. Yehouenou E.A.P., Adamou R.,Azehoun P.J.,Edorh P.A.and Ahoyo T,(2013). Monitoring of Heavy Metals in the complex &#8220;Nokou\u00e9 lake &#8211; Cotonou and Porto-Novo lagoon ecosystem during three years in the Republic of Benin. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. 3(5), 12-18<br \/>\r\n[30]. Venkatramreddy Velma, S.S. Vutukuru, and Paul B. Tchounwou, (2009).Ecotoxicology of Hexavalent Chromium in Freshwater Fish: A Critical Review. Rev Environ Health. 24(2): 129\u2013145<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Olusola Adeniyi Babalola &#8220;Evaluation of Metal Pollutants and Bioaccumulation Factors in <i>Macrobrachium macrobrachium<\/i> and <i>Sarotherodon melanotheron<\/i> from Porto-Novo Lagoon, Benin Republic&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.49-55 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/49-55.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/49-55.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-metal-pollutants-and-bioaccumulation-factors-in-macrobrachium-macrobrachium-and-sarotherodon-melanotheron-from-porto-novo-lagoon-benin-republic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluation of Metal Pollutants and Bioaccumulation Factors in <i>Macrobrachium macrobrachium<\/i> and <i>Sarotherodon melanotheron<\/i> from Porto-Novo Lagoon, Benin Republic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9993b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d99a8c\" data-id=\"9d99a8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d99b93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d99b93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d99c37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d99c37\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d99d78\" data-id=\"9d99d78\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d99f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d99f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a010 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9a010\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a163\" data-id=\"9d9a163\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9a277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a312 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9a312\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a47f\" data-id=\"9d9a47f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a587 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9a587\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Flow Analysis of Marine Propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>S. Baskaran, L. Dhineshraj, J. Dinesh, B. Dineshkumar, T. Dineshkumar &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 56-58<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a631 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9a631\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a7a2\" data-id=\"9d9a7a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9a8c1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d9a8c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper investigates the modelling and hydro dynamics analysis of sub merged marine propellers. The model analysis is based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using fluent software. The method of meshing and the effect of mesh size are studied in this paper. Moreover, different propeller models and methods are explained; and the best settings for obtaining the accurate results are presented. The performance curves of the propeller obtained by CFD are compared and verified with the analytical results. The pressure and velocity contours around the propeller also presented.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 56-58\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S. Baskaran<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Mechanical Department, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>L. Dhineshraj<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFinal Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. Dinesh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFinal Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B. Dineshkumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFinal Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>T. Dineshkumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFinal Year Mechanical Students, KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tS. Subhas, V.F. Saji, S. Ramakrishna, H.N. Das, \u201cCFD Analysis of a Marine Propeller Flow and Cavitation\u201d, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887) volume55-No.16.October 2012.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tXiao Wang, Keith walters, \u201cCFD of Marine-Propeller Performance Using Transition-Sensitive Turbulence Modeling\u201d, Journal of Fluid engineering volume 134\/ 071107-1 on July 2012<br \/>\r\n[3].\tLiu, Z. and Young, Y.L., 2007. Utilization of deformation coupling in self-twisting composite propellers. Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Composite Materials, Kyoto, Japan, 8-13 July 2007.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tKerwin, J.E., Kinnas, S.A., Lee, J.T. and Shih, W.Z., 1987. A surface panel method for the hydrodynamic analysis of ducted propellers. Transactions of Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 95, pp.93-122.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tHyoungsuk Lee, Min-Churl Song, Jung-Chun Suh and Bong-Jun Chang. Hydro-elastic analysis of marine propellers based on a BEM-FEM coupled FSI algorithm. Int. J. Nav. Archit. Ocean Eng. (2014) 6:562~577.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tVeeranagouda Patil, H. R. Purushothama, A. Manjunatha and Vijay Kumar Mishra. Performance Evaluation of Marine Propeller using Numerical Simulation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(45), DOI: 10.17485, December 2016.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tM.P. Kishore, R.K. Behera, Numerical Investigation for CFD Simulation of Open Water Characteristics and Cavitation Inception of Marine Propeller Blade, Journal OF Maritime Research, ISSN: 1697-4040, Vol XIII. No. XI (2014) pp 71\u201376.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">S. Baskaran, L. Dhineshraj, J. Dinesh, B. Dineshkumar, T. Dineshkumar &#8220;Design and Flow Analysis of Marine Propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.56-58 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/56-58.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/56-58.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-flow-analysis-of-marine-propeller-using-computational-fluid-dynamics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Design and Flow Analysis of Marine Propeller using Computational Fluid Dynamics<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9b671 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d9b671\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9bdc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9bdc3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9bf0d\" data-id=\"9d9bf0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c016 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9c016\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c0b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9c0b1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c1fd\" data-id=\"9d9c1fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c305 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9c305\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c39d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9c39d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c511\" data-id=\"9d9c511\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c61a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9c61a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Bio Based Lubricant as Metal Working Fluid in Machining Process<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>S.A Vasudevan, V. Saravanan and D. Anandakumar &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 59-62<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c6b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9c6b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c81d\" data-id=\"9d9c81d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9c953 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d9c953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Metalworking fluid (MWF) is commonly used to reduce wear and friction, which in turn improves the productivity and quality of the components. However, theusage of conventional MWF made frommineral oil causes negative effects to the ecology and human health. Therefore, it is desirable to formulate sustainable MWFs as an alternative to petroleum-based oils. The crude Mahua oil (CMO) with various compositions with synthetic esters as per ASTM STD is formed and modified Mahuaoil (MMOs) were tested in the test specimens. The orthogonal cutting process carried out and the lubricants were supplied by using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. It was observed that theMMO exhibited an outstanding performance in terms of wear, friction and surface finish when compared to commercial syntheticester (SE). This works showed that MMO is a viable replacement for synthetic ester(SE) as a metal working fluid.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 59-62\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.A Vasudevan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V. Saravanan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. Anandakumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1].\tM. Habibullaha ,H.H.Masjukia, M. A. Kalam, A. M. Ashraful, M. A. Habib, H. M. Mobarak-2014- \u201cEffect of bio-lubricant on tribological characteristics of steel \u201cEngineering -(10th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICME 2013 )- 90 ( 2014 ) 740 \u2013 745.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tN. Talib* and E. A. Rahim-2016- \u201cThe effect of tribology behavior on machining performances when using bio-based lubricant as a sustainable metalworking fluid\u201d &#8211; (13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing &#8211; Decoupling Growth from Resource Use) &#8211; Procedia CIRP 40 (2016) 504 \u2013 508.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tS. Syahrullail, N. Nuraliza, M.I. Izhan, M.K. Abdul Hamid, D. Md Razaka-2013- \u201cWear Characteristic of Palm Olein as Lubricant in Different Rotating Speed\u201d- (The Malaysian International Tribology Conference 2013, MITC 2013) &#8211; Procedia Engineering 68 -158 \u2013 165.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tJumatSalimon, Nadia Salih, Emad Yousif-2011- \u201cImprovement of pour point and oxidative stability of synthetic ester base stocks for bio lubricant applications\u201d- Journal of king Saud university science (2012) 24,221-226.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tEbtisam K. Heikal, M.S. Elmelawy, Salah A. Khalil, N.M. Elbasuny-2012- \u201cManufacturing of environment friendly biolubricants from vegetable oils\u201d- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tA.Imran, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, M. Varman, M. Hasmelidin, K.A.H. Al Mahmud, S.A. Shahir, M. Habibullah-2013-\u201d Study of Friction And Wear Characteristic of Jatropha Oil Blended Lube Oil\u201d-Procedia Engineering 68 ( 2013 ) 178 \u2013 185   (The Malaysian International Tribology Conference 2013, MITC2013).<br \/>\r\n[7].\t Vishnu Padmanaban, S.P.Anbuudayasankar, A.Ashokkumar, A.Sharan-2014- \u201cDevelopment of Bio based Semi-Synthetic Metal Working Fluid from Industrial Waste Water\u201d- Procedia Engineering 64 ( 2013 ) 1436 \u2013 1444<br \/>\r\n[8].\tN. Talib and E. A. Rahim-2015- \u201cPerformance Evaluation of Chemically Modified Crude Jatropha Oil as a Bio-based Metalworking Fluids for Machining Process\u201d- \u201cProcedia CIRP 26 (2015) 346 \u2013 350.<br \/>\r\n[9].\t M. Shahabuddin, H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam-2013\u201d Experimental investigation into tribological characteristics of biolubricant formulated from Jatropha oil\u201d-Procedia Engineering 56 (2013) 597 \u2013 606.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tN.W.M. Zulkifli, M.A. Kalam, H.H. Masjuk, R. Yunus-2013- \u201cExperimental analysis of tribological properties of biolubricant with nanoparticle additive\u201d- Procedia Engineering 68 (2013) 152 \u2013 157.<br \/>\r\n[11].\t Jitendra Kumar Chandrakar, Amit Suhane-2013- \u201cThe Prospects of Vegetable based Oils as Metal Working Fluids in Manufacturing.\u201d &#8211; Procedia Engineering 68 (2013) 235 -238.<br \/>\r\n[12].\t M. Pugazhvadivu, G. Sankaranarayanan-2010- \u201cExperimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil as fuel\u201d- Indian Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 3 No. 7 (July 2010).<br \/>\r\n[13].\t Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices Manual by united states department of labor<br \/>\r\n[14].\tPadhi, S.K.,Singh, R.K.-2010- \u201cOptimization of esterification and transesterification of Mahua(Madhuca Indica) oil for production of biodiesel-Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research-2(5):599-608.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tAmitSuhane, A. Rehman, H.K.-2013- \u201cTribological Investigation of Mahua Oil Based Lubricant for Maintenance Applications\u201d- International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.2367-2371.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tMadhuca longifoliaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/madhuca-longifolia.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tNadia Salih a, Jumat Salimon, Emad Yousif-2012- Synthetic biolubricant base stocks based on environmentally friendly raw materials-Journal of King Saud University \u2013 Science (2012) 24, 221\u2013226.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tIndian Standard MAHUA OIL \u2014 SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision of IS 545) ICS No. 67.200 Last date for comments: 15 April 2014.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tProf.Dr. A. D. Dongare, Prof. A. J. Gite-2014- \u201cExperimental Analysis of Tribological Properties of Various Lubricating Oils Without and With Using Extreme Pressure Additives by Using Four Ball Extreme Pressure Oil Testing Machine\u201d- Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.orgISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 08 (August. 2014), ||V3|| PP 10-27.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMr. D. Muppala-2015- \u201cPERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS USING MAHUA SEED OIL\u201d-International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology I Vol-03, Issue-07, July 2015.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tAmit Kumar Jain, Amit Suhane-2014-Investigation of Tribological Characteristics of Non-Edible Castorand Mahua Oils as Bio Lubricant for Maintenance Applications\u201d-5th International &#038; 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th\u201314th, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tS. Foxall-Vanaken, -1986- \u201cCommon Components of Industrial Metal-Working Fluids as Sources of Carbon for Bacterial Growth\u201d- Applied and environmental microbiology, vol. 51, no. 6 June 1986, p. 1165-1169.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">S.A Vasudevan, V. Saravanan and D. Anandakumar &#8220;Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Bio Based Lubricant as Metal Working Fluid in Machining Process&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.59-62 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/59-62.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/59-62.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/experimental-investigation-on-tribological-behavior-of-bio-based-lubricant-as-metal-working-fluid-in-machining-process\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behavior of Bio Based Lubricant as Metal Working Fluid in Machining Process<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9d722 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9d9d722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9d806 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9d806\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9d98d\" data-id=\"9d9d98d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9daad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9daad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9db48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9db48\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9dc9c\" data-id=\"9d9dc9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9dda8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9dda8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9de49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9de49\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9df90\" data-id=\"9d9df90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9e0a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9e0a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9e140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9e140\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9e292\" data-id=\"9d9e292\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9e395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9e395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9e9ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9e9ee\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9eba3\" data-id=\"9d9eba3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9eccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9eccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9ed6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9ed6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9eeda\" data-id=\"9d9eeda\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9efee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d9efee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>SBFR: SHA Based Fingerprint Recognition for Secured Smart Ration Management System <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>V. Kovendan, B. Ramyabharathi, G. Haritha &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 63-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d9f08b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d9f08b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9f1fc\" data-id=\"9d9f1fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d9f329 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9d9f329\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">&#8211; Finger print recognition is an efficient method of identifying an individual. Fingerprint is one of the most well-known biometrics solutions for verification on electronic systems. Finger print security applications are frequently upgraded on infrared cameras and video cameras for providing security system such as logins and transaction authentications. Hence this technology is implemented in the newly designed smart rationing system. The present system in the ration shops is like the shopkeeper sees the ration book of the user and gives the quantity of grocery the user asks for. Nevertheless there will not be proper constancy in supplying the grocery things to the customer. Every now and then even there may be coincidental that different customers taking the grocery on same ration cards and also used by unauthorized persons.  To avoid all these issues, we have proposed secure finger print recognition for card less and automatic smart ration management system with high security.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 63-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V. Kovendan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B. Ramyabharathi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.E Student, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>G. Haritha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.E Student, Department of CSE, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tParvathy A, VenkataRohit Raj, Venumadhav, Manikanta, \u201cRFID Based Exam Hall Maintenance \/System\u2019\u2019, IJCA Special Issue on \u201cArtificial Intelligence Techniques &#8211; Novel Approaches &#038; Practical Applications\u201d AIT, 2011<br \/>\r\n[2].\tSecurity Authentication Scheme Based on Certificateless Signature and Fingerprint RecognitionZhu Yanqiong ; XuHui ; Gao Zhan2011 Seventh International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, 2011<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDesign and implementation control of interfering mobile device with stepper motor and microcontroller ATmega 16Dong QuangHuy ; Jan Leuchter ; Jiri Buzek ; VitezslavStekly ; Le Thanh Bang 2017 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT)Year: 2017.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tR.Ramani ,S. Selvaraju, S.Valarmathy, P.Niranjan,  \u201cBank Locker security System Based on RFID and GSM   Technology\u201d, International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA) (0975 \u2013 8887)  Volume 57\u2013 No.18, November 2012<br \/>\r\n[5].\tE-Health Services for Elderly Care Based on Google Cloud Messaging Ching-Nung Yang ; Fu-Heng Wu ; Sin-Yen Tsai ; Wen-Chun Kuo 2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart City\/SocialCom\/SustainCom (SmartCity)Year: 2015Volume 1, Issue 3, June 2012 www.ijcsn.org ISSN 2277-5420<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCloud computing platform for applications in social-commercial area George Suciu ; Cristina Butca ; NarcisaMocanu ; Stefan CiprianArseni 2015 Conference Grid, Cloud &#038; High Performance Computing in Science (ROLCG) Year: 2015<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFingerprint Matching on Smart Card: A ReviewKedimotseBaruni ; Albert Helberg ; Kishor Nair2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFast camera fingerprint matching in very large databasesSametTaspinar ;Husrev T. Sencar ; SevincBayram ; NasirMemon2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)Year: 2017<br \/>\r\n[9].\tingerprint Identification System Based On Neural Network Mr. Lokhande S.K., Prof. Mrs. Dhongde V.S. ME (VLSI &#038; Embedded Systems), Vishwabharati Academy\u2019s College of Engineering, Ahmednagar (MS), India.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tA Security-Enhanced Alignment-Free Fuzzy Vault-Based Fingerprint Cryptosystem Using Pair-Polar Minutiae StructuresCaiLi ;Jiankun HuIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and SecurityYear: 2016<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">V. Kovendan, B. Ramyabharathi, G. Haritha &#8220;SBFR: SHA Based Fingerprint Recognition for Secured Smart Ration Management System &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 63-66 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/63-66.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/63-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sbfr-sha-based-fingerprint-recognition-for-secured-smart-ration-management-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>SBFR: SHA Based Fingerprint Recognition for Secured Smart Ration Management System <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da00e7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9da00e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da07ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da07ea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da0934\" data-id=\"9da0934\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da0a40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da0a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da0add elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da0add\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da0c2e\" data-id=\"9da0c2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da0d3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da0d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da0dd3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da0dd3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da0f1c\" data-id=\"9da0f1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da1023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da1023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da10b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da10b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da121c\" data-id=\"9da121c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da1345 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da1345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Nigeria Business Legal Frameworks and Entrepreneurship: Prospects and Challenges for Economic Development<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Samuel S. Idowu &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 67-72<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da13e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da13e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da154a\" data-id=\"9da154a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da1675 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9da1675\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Variability of business legal environment across the globe but with significant effect on entrepreneurship and economic development motivate the conduct of this research.  The path of qualitative research method was followed as secondary data sources were exploited and theory of entrepreneur employed to underpin the study.  The analysis of data reveals that the influence of British colonial business legal framework largely condition Nigeria environment and effort to reshape it after independent crowded out foreign entrepreneurs resulting into investment policy revision and left domestic counterparts ill-prepared for optimum performance, and as well to function as substitute at the same time.  Therefore, ensuring a predictable business environment that is averse to policy summersault, collaboration among the three tiers of government, that is the federal, state and local government on entrepreneurship policy formulation and implementation and effective implementation of spirit and letter of the business laws are recommendations offer to position entrepreneurship for economic development in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-72\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel S. Idowu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Political Science and International Relations, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdelegan, J. A. (2000) Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A     Seemingly Unrelated Model. Africam Review of Money Finance and Banking, Retrieved on 2nd January 2016 from www.jstor.org\/stable\/23026281<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAkanni, O. O.(2014) Nigeria Between 1914 and 1960: Political Constitutional Changes and Crises in An Era  of Colonialism  in R. Ajayi and J.O. Fashagba, Understanding Government  and Politics in Nigeria: Ilorin, YesterTodayRrow Consult.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAlvarez, S.A. and Busenitz, L.W. (2001). The Entrepreneurship of Resource-Based Theory Journal of Management, Vol. 27, 755-775.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAlvaro, C., Domingo, R. and Salvador, R. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Concepts, Theory and Perspective. Retrieved on 14th February 2018 from https:\/\/www .uv.es\/bejauveg\/docs\/\/  universitatd.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAnochie, U., Ude, D.K. and Mgbemena, O. O. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Flows in Nigeria: Pro or Economic Growth Averse? Journal of Economics and Finance Vol. 6 (4) 84-92<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBula, H.O. (2012). Evolution and Theories of Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review on the Kenyan Perspective. International Journal of Business and Commerce Vol. 1, (11) 81-96<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDrucker P (1985).  Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principle, Harper Business, New York, NY<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFederal Republic of Nigeria (1999). Constitution of Federal Republic of Nigeria (With               Amendments 2011) Abuja. Federal Republic of Nigeria Press<br \/>\r\n[9].\tGarner, B.A. (2004) Black Law Dictionary, 8th edition, USA: West Publishing Company.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tGberevbie, D. E. and Oni, S. (2014). Post-Coloniali Nigeria: Power and Politics in the First      Republic, 1960-1966 in R. Ajayi and J.O. Fashagba, Understanding Government  and Politics in Nigeria: Ilorin, YesterTodayRrow Consult.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tKruger, M.E. (2004). Entrepreneurship Theory and Creativity Retrieved on 14th February 2018 from https:\/\/repository.up.acza\/bitstream\/handle\/2263\/&#8230;<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMagnus, H. (2016). The Entrepreneurship Concept-a Short Introduction. Utibildning Vol. 6 (2) 95-108<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNay A, Pete S, Gyortf LZ, Petru TP, Benyovszki A (2010).  Perceptii privind antrepreoriatul si activitatea antreprenoriala \u2013 diferente si asemanari intre patru tari din Europa de Est, Economie teoretica si aplicata, 17(8): 15-26.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOguze, V.C. and Orji U.O. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment as a Panacea for Economic Development in Nigeria. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 23 (2): 175-185.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tOrojo, J.O (2008). Company law and practice in Nigeria, 5th edition South Africa: Interpak Books Pietermaritzburg<br \/>\r\n[16].\tQuamrul, A., Mohammad, E.U.M. and Robert, F.I. S. (2005). The Impact of Poor Governance on Foreign Direct Investment: The Bangladesh Experience. A Paper presented at Network of Asia-Pacfic Schools and Institutes of Public Administration and Governance (NAPSIPAG) Annual Conference Beijing, PRC, 5-7 December, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tReynolds, P.D. (2005). Understanding Business Creation: Serendipity and Scope in Two Decades of Business Creation Studies. Small Business Economics, Vol. 24, 359-364.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSergui, R., Florin, I., Radu, C. and Luiela, C. (2012). Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur: A Review of Literature Concepts.  African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6 (10), 3570-3575<br \/>\r\n[19].\tShuaib, I.M., Dania, E. N., Imoagene I. and Pogoson, O.O. (2015). The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management Vol. 2 (3) 38-55<br \/>\r\n[20].\tUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2008). Investment Policy Review of Nigeria. United Nations Publications (online version<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Samuel S. Idowu &#8220;Nigeria Business Legal Frameworks and Entrepreneurship: Prospects and Challenges for Economic Development&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.67-72 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/67-72.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da3065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da30fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da30fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da325b\" data-id=\"9da325b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da336e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da336e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Seismic Review of Conceptual Layouts in Earthquake Prone Areas: A Challenge for Practising Architects<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Jayarajan P &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 73-78<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da340c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da340c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da3578\" data-id=\"9da3578\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da36aa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9da36aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The poor seismic performance of the built environment during earthquakes highlights the necessity to design an infrastructure that is both strong and resilient. In this scenario, the architects need to play a critical role in every stages of a building project from conceiving to commissioning including the site selection, preparation of conceptual layouts, structural design, seismic detailing, construction and engineering of non-structural elements. A basic understanding of architectural aspects that govern the seismic behaviour of buildings is essential to ensure an earthquake resistant construction. The paper presents various aspects to be critically reviewed by architects in the preparation of earthquake resistant conceptual layouts. The configuration issues affecting the earthquake performance and their solutions are discussed. Finally, the importance in engineering and detailing of non-structural elements is highlighted.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 73-78\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jayarajan P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFormerly Chief Engineer, Tecnimont India Private Limited, Mumbai, India. &#038;<br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, MES College of Engineering, Kerala, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBose Amit, Bose Pratima(2008).\u201cArchitects and Earthquake Safe Habitats- Indian experience of Capacity Building\u201d, The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tIS:1893 Part 1 (2016). \u201cIndian Standard-Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part 1-General Provisions and Buildings\u201d, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[3].\t\u201cImproving Collaboration Between Architects and Engineers\u201d (2014).A report by the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand, the New Zealand Institute of Architects, and the New Zealand Registered Architects Board, supported by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tArnold, C. (1996).\u201cArchitectural Aspects of Seismic Resistant Design\u201d, Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tFEMA 454, (2006).\u201cDesigning for Earthquakes\u201d, A Manual for Architects.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDegenkolb, H.J. (1977). \u201cSeismic Design: Structural Concepts\u201d, Summer Seismic Institute for Architectural Faculty, AIA Research Corporation, Washington, D.C<br \/>\r\n[7].\tC.V.R. Murty, Rupen Goswamy, A.R. Vijayanarayan, Vipul V.Mehta, \u201cSome Concepts in Earthquake Behaviour of Buildings\u201d, Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority(GSDMA),Government of Gujarat.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tIS: 13920 (2016).\u201cIndian Standard-Code of Practice for Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces\u201d, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tCharleson Andrew (2008).\u201cSeismic Design for Architects: Outwitting the Quake\u201d, Elsevier Ltd.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Jayarajan P &#8220;Seismic Review of Conceptual Layouts in Earthquake Prone Areas: A Challenge for Practising Architects&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.73-78 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/73-78.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/73-78.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/seismic-review-of-conceptual-layouts-in-earthquake-prone-areas-a-challenge-for-practising-architects\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Seismic Review of Conceptual Layouts in Earthquake Prone Areas: A Challenge for Practising Architects<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da44fb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9da44fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da45e2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da45e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da476d\" data-id=\"9da476d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da48a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da48a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da4955 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da4955\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da4ac9\" data-id=\"9da4ac9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da4be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da4be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da4c8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da4c8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da4e0b\" data-id=\"9da4e0b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da4f22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da4f22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Vital Signs Monitoring System &#8211; Portable Mobile Application for Health Care Workers and Households<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 79-84<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da4fcd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da4fcd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da513c\" data-id=\"9da513c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da5281 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9da5281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Information Technology has transformed the ways modern medical systems acquire, store, access and communicate medical information. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of portable and cost-effective mobile application for an Android device that can monitor body temperature, respiration rate, blood &#8211; oxygen saturation level and pulse rate. Descriptive method and developmental method research was used in this study. 20 medical practitioners and 30 parents were interviewed by their experiences in using the portable medical device in Divine Word Hospital, Tacloban City, Philippines. Findings indicated that the portable medical device is a cost-effective device, and give medical practitioners and parents the chance to save time and effort in detecting health problem and monitor health status.  It also improves the task efficiently and conveniently between them. Replicating this study using other media and technologies can be developed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 79-84\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLeyte Normal University, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tJohn W. Satzinger, et al. (2009). System Analysis and Design In A Changing World (5th Edition). Course Technology, Cengage Learning<br \/>\r\n[2].\tWilburta Q. Lindh,et al. (2010). Delmar\u2019s Comprehensive Medical Assisting<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAdministrative and Clinical Competencies (4th Edition). Delmar, Cengage Learning<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSandra Ball-Rokeach, et al. (1976). Media System Dependency Theory. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.utwente.nl\/cw\/theorieenoverzicht\/Theory%20 Clusters\/Mass%20Media\/Dep endency%20Theory\/<br \/>\r\n[5].\tWikipedia. (2014). Medical Thermometer. Retrieved from http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical thermometer<br \/>\r\n[6].\tWikipedia. (2014). Electrocardiography. Retrieved from  http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electrocardiography<br \/>\r\n[7].\twiseGeek. (2013). Respiratory Monitor. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wisegeek.com\/what-is-a-respiratory-monitor.htm<br \/>\r\n[8].\tThe Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. (2014). Cardio\/respiratory monitor. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.uwppc.org\/educational-resources\/trach\/section1\/concepts \/monitor\/cont ent2.html<br \/>\r\n[9].\tEAACI. (2010). Rhinomanometry. Retrieved from http:\/\/infoallergy.com\/Diagnosis-Treatment\/Diagnosis-Treatment 7.html<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBernandino, Dela Cruz, et al. (2013). GPS and GSM based Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring System. Retrieved from http:\/\/puptaguig. net\/researchwithin fo.ph p?id=36<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Engr. Dennis S. Tibe, MIT &#8220;Vital Signs Monitoring System &#8211; Portable Mobile Application for Health Care Workers and Households&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp. 79-84 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/79-84.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/79-84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/vital-signs-monitoring-system-portable-mobile-application-for-health-care-workers-and-households\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Vital Signs Monitoring System &#8211; Portable Mobile Application for Health Care Workers and Households<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da6093 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9da6093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da6173 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da6173\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da6302\" data-id=\"9da6302\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da6427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da6427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da64ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da64ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da6624\" data-id=\"9da6624\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da673a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da673a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da67d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da67d7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da695f\" data-id=\"9da695f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da6a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da6a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da6b17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da6b17\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da6c59\" data-id=\"9da6c59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da6d68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da6d68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da6e06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da6e06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da6f73\" data-id=\"9da6f73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da707f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da707f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Smart Agricultural Practices Using IoT and Data Analytics<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ayyappa Srinivasan M G, Praveen Periyasamy,  Rogan &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 85-88<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da7126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da7126\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da7293\" data-id=\"9da7293\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da73c2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9da73c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">There is a paradigm shift taking place in agricultural sector towards smart agricultural practices. This is due to the reducing agricultural resources. So, IoT has been used started to be used as a tool to improve the productivity in the agriculture sector. The IoT is the combination of several technologies such as WSN, radio frequency identification, cloud computing, middleware systems and end-user applications. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find the ways to attain most benefits from IoT in the field of agriculture. DA  has also been integrated so as to attain maximum efficiency. Also this work tries to make this combination towards   smart agriculture.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 85-88\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 March 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ayyappa Srinivasan M G<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Praveen Periyasamy<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUG students, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rogan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUG students, Electrical Engineering Department, St. Mother Theresa Engineering College, Tuticorin, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tI. European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things, Tech.Rep. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.internet-of-things-research.eu\/ pdf\/ IERC_ Position_ Paper_ IoT_ Semantic_ Interoperability_Final.pdf<br \/>\r\n[2].\tN. Dlodlo and J. Kalezhi, \u201cThe internet of things in agriculture for sustainable rural development,\u201d in 2015 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications (ETNCC),May 2015, pp. 13\u201318.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tS. Wolfert, L. Ge, C. Verdouw, and M.-J. Bogaardt, \u201cBig data in smartfarming\u2013a review,\u201d Agricultural Systems, vol. 153, pp. 69\u201380, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tN. Wang, N. Zhang, and M. Wang, \u201cWireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-recent development and future perspective,\u201d Computers nand electronics in agriculture, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1\u201314, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tS. Ivanov, K. Bhargava, and W. Donnelly, \u201cPrecision farming: Sensor analytics,\u201d IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 76\u201380, July 2015.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tJ. A. Manrique, J. S. Rueda-Rueda, and J. M. T. Portocarrero, \u201cContrasting internet of things and wireless sensor network from a conceptual overview,\u201d in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData), Dec 2016, pp. 252\u2013257<br \/>\r\n[7].\tR. S. Sinha, Y. Wei, and S.-H. Hwang, \u201cA survey on LPWA technology:LoRa and NB-IoT,\u201d ICT Express, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[8].\t L. D. Xu, W. He, and S. Li, \u201cInternet of things in industries: A survey,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2233\u20132243, Nov 2014.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tD. Yan-e, \u201cDesign of intelligent agriculture management information system based on IoT,\u201d in 2011 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, vol. 1, March 2011, pp. 1045\u20131049.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tJ. chun Zhao, J. feng Zhang, Y. Feng, and J. xin Guo, \u201cThe study and application of the IoT technology in agriculture,\u201d in 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, vol. 2, July 2010, pp. 462\u2013465.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tM. Odema, I. Adly, A.Wahba, and H. Ragai, \u201cSmart aquaponics system for industrial internet of things (IIoT),\u201d in International Conference on Advanced  Intelligent Systems and Informatics. Springer, 2017, pp. 844\u2013854.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tL. Li, \u201cApplication of the internet of thing in green agricultural products supply chain management,\u201d in Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA), 2011 International Conference on, vol. 1. IEEE, 2011, pp. 1022\u20131025<br \/>\r\n[13].\tL. Huang and P. Liu, Key Technologies and Alogrithms\u2019 Application in Agricultural Food Supply Chain Tracking System in E-commerce. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 269\u2013281. [Online]. Available: https:\/ \/doi.org\/ 10.1007\/ 978-3-642-54341-8_29<br \/>\r\n[14].\tW. Gan, Y. Zhu, and T. Zhang, \u201cOn RFID application in the tracking and tracing system of agricultural product logistics,\u201d in International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture. Springer, 2010, pp. 400\u2013407<br \/>\r\n[15].\tP. Abhishesh, B. Ryuh, Y. Oh, H. Moon, and R. Akanksha, \u201cMultipurpose agricultural robot platform: Conceptual design of control system software for autonomous driving and agricultural operations using programmable logic controller,\u201d World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 496\u2013500, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tPrecisionhawk, Accessed on Sept 20, 2017. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.precisionhawk.com\/<br \/>\r\n[17].\tH. Liu, Z. Meng, and S. Cui, \u201cA wireless sensor network prototype for environmental monitoring in greenhouses,\u201d in 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Sept 2007, pp. 2344\u20132347<br \/>\r\n[18].\tH. Lee, A. Moon, K. Moon, and Y. Lee, \u201cDisease and pest prediction IoT system in orchard: A preliminary study,\u201d in 2017 Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), July 2017, pp. 525\u2013527.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tH. C. J. Godfray, J. R. Beddington, I. R. Crute, L. Haddad, D. Lawrence, J. F. Muir, J. Pretty, S. Robinson, S. M. Thomas, and  C. Toulmin, \u201cFood security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people,\u201d science, vol. 327, no. 5967, pp. 812\u2013818, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tN. Wang, N. Zhang, and M. Wang, \u201cWireless sensors in agriculture and food industry-recent development and future perspective,\u201d Computers and electronics in agriculture, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1\u201314, 2006.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ayyappa Srinivasan M G, Praveen Periyasamy,  Rogan &#8220;Smart Agricultural Practices Using IoT and Data Analytics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.85-88 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/85-88.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/85-88.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/smart-agricultural-practices-using-iot-and-data-analytics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smart Agricultural Practices Using IoT and Data Analytics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da81b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9da81b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da82a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da82a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da8416\" data-id=\"9da8416\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da853c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da853c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da85d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da85d8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da8727\" data-id=\"9da8727\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da8834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da8834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da88da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da88da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da8a2a\" data-id=\"9da8a2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da8b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da8b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da8bcc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da8bcc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da8d18\" data-id=\"9da8d18\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da8e24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da8e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da8ebe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da8ebe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da9008\" data-id=\"9da9008\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da9111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da9111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da91a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da91a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da9307\" data-id=\"9da9307\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da942e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da942e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Compare the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Produce by Using Fresh and Recycled Aggregate<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Avanish Kumar, R.C. Patil, Rakesh Sakale, Hirendra Pratap Singh &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 89-100<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9da94ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9da94ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9da9633\" data-id=\"9da9633\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da9758 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9da9758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">CHAPTER-1<br \/>\r\nINTRODUCTION<br \/>\r\n1.1 General<br \/>\r\nSelf-compacting concrete (SCC) is a smooth concrete mixture that be bright to combine below its personal load. The extremely liquid life of SCC makes it proper for placing in hard situation and in sections with heaving reinforcement. Use of SCC can also help reduce inquiry-connected damage on the worksite that is inducing by shaking of concrete. Any more benefit of SCC is that the moment in time necessary to position outsized sections is greatly cheap.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 89-100\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 02 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Avanish Kumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPG Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research &#038; Technology, People\u2019s University Bhopal (M.P.), India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R.C. Patil<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGuide, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research &#038; Technology, People\u2019s University Bhopal (M.P.), India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rakesh Sakale<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHOD, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research &#038; Technology, People\u2019s University Bhopal (M.P.), India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hirendra Pratap Singh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, School of Research &#038; Technology, People\u2019s University Bhopal (M.P.), India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tACI. Manual of concrete practice, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBIS: 10262-2009: Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian    Standard, New Delhi-2004.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBIS: 1199-1959 (Reaffirmed 2004): Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-1999.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBIS: 2386 (Part I)-1963 (Reaffirmed 2002): Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-1963.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBIS: 456-2000 (Reaffirmed 2005): Code of practice- plain and reinforced concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-2000.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBIS: 516-1959 (Reaffirmed 2004): Methods of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-2004.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBIS: 5816-1999 (Reaffirmed 2004): Splitting tensile strength of concrete-Method of test, Bureau of Indian Standard, Delhi-2004.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBIS: 8112-2013: Specification for 43 grade OPC, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi- 2005.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tBIS: 383-1970 (Reaffirmed 2002): Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-1997.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBuilding Innovation and Construction Technology, 1999, Recycled Hit, New High, viewed 30 August 2004.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tCRISO and Wilmot, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, viewed 4 April 2004.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tDhiyaneshwaran.,Ramanathan, P.Bhaskar, I. and Venkatasubramania (2013),\u201cStudy on durability characteristics of Self compacting concrete with fly ash\u201d, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineers, Vol. 7, No.3.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tEFNARC (2002), Specifications and Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tFact File C &#038; D Recycling Industry, n.d., History, viewed 11 April 2004.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tHajima Okamura and Masahiro Ouchi (2003)\u201cSelf-Compacting Concrete\u201d, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, Vol. 1, No.1.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tHirendra Pratap Singh, Rakesh Sakale et al \u201cEnhancement the Strength of Pervious Concrete with Different Water Cement Ratio and Admixture\u201d http:\/\/www.ijert.org Published by : Vol. 5 Issue 01, January-2016.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tHong Kong Housing Department, Use of Recycled Aggregate, viewed 25 March 2004.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tMD Noratan, HanizamAwang (2011), \u201cThe Compressive and Flexural Strength of Self Compacting Concrete using raw rice husk ash\u201d, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No.6, PP 720-732<br \/>\r\n[19].\tPortland Cement Association. Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tPrashant O. Modani, Vinod M Mohitkar (2014),\u201cSelf-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Aggregates- A solution for sustainable development\u201d, international Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 4, No.3.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tRafiyaMajeed Khan, Farah Amin and Mushtaque Ahmad (2015), \u201cStudy on comparison of self-compacting concrete using recycled aggregates &#038; normal aggregates\u201d International Journal of Advance Research and Engineering, Vol. 4, No.7.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tRahul Dubey, Pardeep Kumar (2012), \u201cEffect of Super Plasticizer Dosage on Compressive Strength of Self Compacting Concrete\u201d, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tS. M. Dumne (2014), \u201cEffect of Super plasticizer on fresh and hardened properties of Self compacting concrete containing fly ash\u201d, American Journal of Engineering Research, issue 3, Vol. 3, PP 205-211.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tWater Pollution and Land Contamination, n.d., Controlling Environmental Effect, Recycled and Secondary Aggregate Production, viewed 5 May 2004.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tZoran Gridic, Iva Despotovic, Gordana Toplicic Curcic (2008), \u201cProperties of Self Compacting Concrete with different types of additives\u201d, Fact a Universitaties, Series Architecture and civil Engineering, Vol.6, No. 2, PP 173-177.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Avanish Kumar, R.C. Patil, Rakesh Sakale, Hirendra Pratap Singh &#8220;Compare the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Produce by Using Fresh and Recycled Aggregate&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.89-100 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/89-100.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/89-100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/compare-the-fresh-and-hardened-state-properties-of-self-compacting-concrete-produce-by-using-fresh-and-recycled-aggregate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compare the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Produce by Using Fresh and Recycled Aggregate<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9daa504 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9daa504\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9daa5ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9daa5ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9daa776\" data-id=\"9daa776\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9daa896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9daa896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9daa942 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9daa942\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9daaa90\" data-id=\"9daaa90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9daabad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9daabad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9daac4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9daac4b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9daad99\" data-id=\"9daad99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9daae9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9daae9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9daaf41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9daaf41\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dab083\" data-id=\"9dab083\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dab18b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dab18b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dab222 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dab222\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dab370\" data-id=\"9dab370\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dab474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dab474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dab510 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dab510\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dab669\" data-id=\"9dab669\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dab77d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dab77d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Design and Fabrication of Combination Fixture for Reducing Production Time in Pump Manufacturing<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>D. Anandakumar, V. Saravanan and S.A Vasudevan &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 101-105<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dab818 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dab818\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dab985\" data-id=\"9dab985\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dabaab elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dabaab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In most of pump manufacturing industries, three fixtures are used for performing machining operations like milling, drilling and tapping on the components such as rear cover, front cover, suction bracket and casing. They lead to increase loading time, setting time, machining time and unloading time. To reduce the production time significantly, the three fixtures are replaced by a single fixture in this present work. The new fixture and supporting plates have been designed with the help of SOLID WORKS software. By means of this fixture, total production time is reduced to 78.6% and hence production rate is also improved significantly.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 101-105\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 03 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. Anandakumar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore &#8211; 641105, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V. Saravanan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore &#8211; 641105, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.A Vasudevan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, EASA College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore &#8211; 641105, Tamil Nadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tB.Benhabib, K.C.Chan, M.Q.Dai, \u201cA modular programmable fixturing system\u201d. 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Sleath, \u201cThe use of virtual fixtures, jigs and gauges in dimensional variation analysis, simulation models\u201d. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.8 (2013) No.11, 1233-1242.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tK.Krishnakumar, S.N.Melkote, \u201cMachining fixture layout optimization using the genetic algorithm\u201d. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol.40 (2000) No.4, 579-598.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tS.A.Choudhuri, E.C. De Meter, \u201cTolerance analysis of machining fixture locators\u201d. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol.121 (1999) No.2, 273-281.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tY.J.Tseng, \u201cFeature-based fixturing analysis for machining parts represented with multiple sets of features\u201d. International Journal of Production Research, Vol.36 (1998) No.10, 2743-2770.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tDesign Data: Data Book of Engineers by PSG College, KalaikathirAchchgam, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tKhanna, O.P. Material Science and Metallurgy. 5th Edition, Dhanpat Rai Publications, 1987.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. Anandakumar, V. Saravanan and S.A Vasudevan &#8220;Design and Fabrication of Combination Fixture for Reducing Production Time in Pump Manufacturing&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.101-105 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/101-105.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/101-105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/design-and-fabrication-of-combination-fixture-for-reducing-production-time-in-pump-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Design and Fabrication of Combination Fixture for Reducing Production Time in Pump Manufacturing<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dac8a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dac8a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dad5a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dad5a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dad700\" data-id=\"9dad700\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dad808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dad808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dad8a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dad8a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dadb2b\" data-id=\"9dadb2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dadd5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dadd5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL using Operational Transconductance Amplifier<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sruthin Balachandran V V, Raghavendra Havaldar &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 106-110<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dadebc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dadebc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dae170\" data-id=\"9dae170\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dae397 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dae397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) for Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is designed in 180 nm technology. The designed VTO has a voltage to current converter (V-I converter), a Current Controlled Oscillator (CCO) and three CMOS inverters. The CCO design is based on single ended rail to rail OTA The free running frequency range of OTA based VCO is 60 to 435 MHz. The design of the circuit is done using Cadence VLSI design suite and this VCO is power efficient and would result in a low cost compact IC when fabricated.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 106-110\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sruthin Balachandran V V<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Electronic and Communication, AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru 575006, Karnataka, India <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Raghavendra Havaldar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Electronic and Communication, AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangaluru 575006, Karnataka, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tGauri Shankar Singh, Devesh Singh, S.Moorthi, &#8220;Low Power Low Jitter Phase Locked Loop for High Speed Clock Generation&#8221; in Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIMEASIA),  December 5- 7 2012, pp. 192-196.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tH.Barthelemy, S.Meillere, S.Bourdel \u201cSingle ended rail-to-rail CMOS OTA based variable-frequency ring-oscillator\u201d , IEEE conference on Circuits and System, May 2004, pp.537-540.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDonald T. Comer, David J. Comer \u201cA CMOS voltage to current converter for low voltage applications\u201d in springer journal on Analog integrated circuits and signal processing, vol. 26, no. 2, pp 117-124, 2001.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAdel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith \u201cMicroelectronic circuits: Theory and applications\u201d, 6th International edition, Oxfrord University Press, 2011<br \/>\r\n[5]\tR. Jacob Baker \u201cCMOS- Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation\u201d 2nd edition, IEEE Press Series, Microelectronic systems.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tOlga J Antonova, Diana I Punkneva, Emil D Manolov, Marin H Hristov \u201cDesign of CMOS OTA core for practical education\u201d IEEE 27th international Spring seminar on Electronics technology, vol.2, pp. 332-337, 2004.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tG.Jovanovic, M.Stojcev, Z.Stamenkovic \u201cA CMOS Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator with Improved Frequency Stability\u201d, Scientific publications of the State University of Novi Pazar ,vol. 2, no.1 pp.1-9, 2010<br \/>\r\n[8]\tRaja Sen, Arko Banerjee, Satyaki Banerjee, Sayanta Roy Chowdhury \u201cDesign of an Oscillator Using CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)\u201d International Journal of Electrical and Computing Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, July 2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sruthin Balachandran V V, Raghavendra Havaldar &#8220;Low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL using Operational Transconductance Amplifier&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.106-110 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/106-110.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/106-110.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/low-power-voltage-controlled-oscillator-for-pll-using-operational-transconductance-amplifier\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Low Power Voltage Controlled Oscillator for PLL using Operational Transconductance Amplifier<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dafe9e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dafe9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db004b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db004b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db0337\" data-id=\"9db0337\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db056b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db056b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db06ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db06ae\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db0954\" data-id=\"9db0954\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db0b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db0b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db0cd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db0cd1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db0f8e\" data-id=\"9db0f8e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db11b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db11b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db12f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db12f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db15a6\" data-id=\"9db15a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db17d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db17d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db191b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db191b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db1bb6\" data-id=\"9db1bb6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db1dda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db1dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db1f16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db1f16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db21d3\" data-id=\"9db21d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db2408 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db2408\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Smart Water Distribution System<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Raghavendra Havaldar &#038; Sruthin Balachandran V.V &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 111-115<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db2564 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db2564\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db2847\" data-id=\"9db2847\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db2aad elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9db2aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Water leakage in water distribution system is a major issue. The leak in pipes could be due to various reasons like poorly constructed pipelines, inadequate corrosion protection etc. The paper consists of a model that is been designed to detect and respond to the water leak at the earliest. During water leakage, real time transmission of information at dynamically changing environment should be achieved. This can be done using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. Here water flow sensors are used to detect water leak in distribution system by observing change in flow rate. The sensor data is collected using microcontroller and transmitted using an XBee module to the server. At the server the data is processed and is stored in the database which helps in the generation of report on consumption of water. A solenoid valve is used at the water head, which turns off automatically whenever a heavy leak in the system is detected.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 111-115\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Raghavendra Havaldar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor in Electronics &#038; Communication, A J Institute of Engineering &#038; Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sruthin Balachandran V.V<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor in Electronics &#038; Communication, A J Institute of Engineering &#038; Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tThe Managers Non Revenue Water Handbook,1st edition, Ranhill Utilities Berhad, USA, July 2008<br \/>\r\n[2].\tA. Kadri, A. Abu-Dayya, R. Stefanelli and D. Trinchero, &#8220;Characterization of an acoustic wireless sensor for water leakage detection in underground pipes,&#8221; Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA), 2013 1stInternationalConferenceon,Sharjah,2013, pp.1-5. doi: 10.1109\/ICCSPA.2013.6487255<br \/>\r\n[3].\tA. Pettersson, J. Nordlander and S. Gong, &#8220;ZigBee-Ready Wireless Water Leak Detector,&#8221; Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2009. SENSORCOMM &#8217;09. Third International Conference on, Athens, Glyfada, 2009, pp.105-108. doi: 10.1109\/SENSORCOMM.2009.25<br \/>\r\n[4].\tMuhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillespie Mazidi and Rollin D.Mckinlay; \u201cThe 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems-using assembly and C\u201d- PHI,2006\/Pearson,2006.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tXAMPP Apache + MariaDB + PHP + Perl (2106, March 30) [Online].  Available: https:\/\/www.apachefriends.org\/index.html<br \/>\r\n[6].\tXBee-Datasheet UNO (2106, March 30) [Online].<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAvailable:https:\/\/www.sparkfun.com\/datasheets\/Wireless\/Zigbee\/XBee-Datasheet.pdf<br \/>\r\n[8].\tArduino UNO (2016, March 30) [Online].  Available: https:\/\/www.arduino.cc\/en\/Main\/ArduinoBoardUno<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Raghavendra Havaldar &#038; Sruthin Balachandran V.V &#8220;Smart Water Distribution System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.111-115 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/111-115.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/111-115.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/smart-water-distribution-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Smart Water Distribution System<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db4596 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9db4596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db471d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db471d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db49ee\" data-id=\"9db49ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db4c34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db4c34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db4d6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db4d6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db5015\" data-id=\"9db5015\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db523b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db523b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Preservative Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leek (<i>Allium  ampeloprasum L.<\/i>) on Soybean Daddawa- A Condiment<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Adelodun L.Kolapo, Temitope O.S.Popoola &#8211; March 2019 Page No.: 116-123<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db5385 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db5385\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db5677\" data-id=\"9db5677\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db592c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9db592c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Previous studies showed that lipid peroxidation is a key factor in soybean daddawa deterioration and <i>Alliums<\/i> are rich in antioxidants. In the present study, the preservative efficacies of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Leek (<i>Allium ampeloprasum L.<\/i>) on stored soybean daddawa compared to Sodium Chloride (NaCl) was investigated. Soybean (<i>Glycine max (L). Merr.<\/i>)seeds fermented into soybean daddawa was preserved  with both extracts (at 3, 5 and 7% concentration)  and NaCl (at the concentrations of 0, 3 and 5%). The samples stored at 30\u00b12<sup>0<\/sup>C for up to 14 days were analysed for peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), pH, titratable acidity (TTA), water absorption capacity (WAC) and fat absorption capacity (FAC). Solvent used in extraction did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on all the storage indices. Extracts of Leek significantly (P<0.05) lowered the POV, FFA and TTA generated in stored daddawa. The pH of all the stored soybean daddawa samples did not change significantly (P>0.05), except those treated with ethanolic extract which reduced pH values from 8.08 &#8211; 8.60 to 5.70 \u2013 6.70. Both tested extracts lowered the WAC significantly (P<0.05) while the FAC of treated  soybeandaddawa was not significantly affected compared to those treated with NaCl. Results of the present study suggest better antioxidant activities of leek extract over NaCl  which is commonly employed in soybean daddawa preservation. This advantage coupled with the medicinal value of leek will probably qualify it as a virile alternative for soybean ddadawa preservation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 116-123\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adelodun L.Kolapo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBiological Sciences Department, Augustine University, Ilara-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Temitope O.S.Popoola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMicrobiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria  <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbdel-Salam, A.F., Shahenda M.E. and Jehan B.A. (2014). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of red onion, garlic and leek in sausage.African Journal of Microbiology. Research 8:2574-2582<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdedeji, B.S., O.T. Ezeokolib, C.N. Ezekiel,  A.O. Obadinaa,  Y.M. Somorin.  M. \tSulyokd, R,A. Adelekeb, B. Warth, C.C. Nwangburukah. A.M. Omemui,  O.B. Oyewolea.andKrska, R. (2017). Bacterial species and mycotoxin contamination \tassociated with locust bean,melon and their fermented products in south-western Nigeria. International  Journal of  Food Microbiology 258: 73\u201380.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAOAC  (1990)  Official Methods of Analysis  15thEdn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Washington DC.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAubgbourg S and Ugliano M. (2002). Effect of brine pre-treatment on lipid stability of frozen horse mackerel (Trachurustrachurus).European.Food Research Technology. 215:91-95<br \/>\r\n[5].\tDosumu O.O., Oluwaniyi O.O., Awolola G.V. and Okunola M.O. (2009). Stability studies and Mineral concentration of Some Nigerian packed Fruit Juices, Concentrate and Local Beverages. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 3(1):22-36<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDoyle, M. E. and Glass, K.A. (2010). Sodium Reduction and Its Effect on Food Safety,\tFood Quality and Human Health.Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 9: 44-56<br \/>\r\n[7].\tEboh L, Mwpba H.D. and Ekpo M.B.( 2006). Heavy metal contaminants and processing effects on the composition, storage stability and fatty acid profiles of five common commercially available fish species in Oron  Local Government, Nigeria.Food Chemistry. 97:490-497<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGarc\u0131a-Casal, M. N.  Pena-Rosas, J. P. and Gomez-Malave H. (2016) Sauces, spices, and condiments: definitions, potential benefits, consumption patterns, and global\tmarkets. Annal of the.New York Academy of Science. 1379: 3\u201316.  doi: 10.1111\/nyas.13045<br \/>\r\n[9].\tGeng, Z and Lau B.H.S. (1997). Aged Leek extract modulates glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in vascular endothelial cells. Phytotherapy.Research. 11:54-56<br \/>\r\n[10].\tGiami, S.Y.(1993) Effect of Processing on the proximate composition and  functional properties of cowpea (Vigniaunguiculata) flour.Food Chemistry. 47:153<br \/>\r\n[11].\tGiami, S.Y. and Bekeham, D.A. (1992). proximate composition and functional properties of raw and processed full fat fluted pumpkin (Telferiaoccidentalis) seed flour. Journal ofScienceFood  andAgriculture 59:32<br \/>\r\n[12].\tHedger, L.J. and Lister, C.E.( 2007). The nutritional attributes of Allium species. Crop and Food Research Confidential Report No 1814. New Zealand Institute for Crop and \tFood Research Limited. Christchurch. pp44.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tHunt, M.C., Sorheim, O. and Slinde E. (1999). Colour and heat denaturation of myoglobin forms in ground beef.Journal of  Food Science. 64:847-851<br \/>\r\n[14].\tIkenebomeh, M.J.; Kok, R. and Ingram, J.M. (1986). Processing and   fermentation of theAfrican Locust Bean (ParkiafilicoideaWelw)  to produce Dawadawa.Journal of Science Food  and Agriculture37: 273-283<br \/>\r\n[15].\tIkenebomeh, M.J. ( 1989). The influence of salt and temperature on natural fermentation of African locust bean. International. Journal of  Food. Microbiology. 8: 133-139<br \/>\r\n[16].\tIwe, M.O.  (1991).  Pattern of spoilage of soymilk: Influence of preparation  methods and storage conditions.Nigerian.Food.Journal.9:92-104.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tIrkin, R. and Korukluoglu, M. (2007). Control of Aspergillusniger with Leek, onion and leek extracts. African Journal Biotechnology. 6(4):384-387<br \/>\r\n[18].\tKinsella, J.E. (1976). Functional Properties of proteins in foods- A survey.Critical.Review in Food Scence and Nutrition.7(3): 219<br \/>\r\n[19].\tKolapo, A.L. (2008). Microbiological, deterioration and preservative studies on soybean daddawa-A condiment. MSc Thesis. University of Agricuture, Abeokuta. Nigeria. 108pp.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tKolapo, A.L. and Sanni, M.O. (2006). Microbiology of soyiru spoilage.International Journal of Food and AgricuturalResearch.3(2):188-196<br \/>\r\n[21].\tKolapo, A.L. and Sanni, M.O. (2007). Biochemical changes of soyiru (fermented soybean) with storage. Agricuture and Food Science Journal of Ghana.6:471-483<br \/>\r\n[22].\tKolapo, A.L., T.O.S. Popoola, M.O. and Sanni, M.O  (2007a). Evaluation of Biochemical Deterioration of Locust bean Daddawa and Soybean Daddawa- Two Nigerian Condiments. American Journal of Food Technology. 2(5): 440-445<br \/>\r\n[23].\tKolapo, A.L.,.Popoola, T.O.S; Sanni, M.O.andAfolabi, R.O. (2007b).Preservation of \tsoybean Daddawa condiment with Dichloromethane Extract of Ginger.Research.\tJournal of .Microbiology. 2(3): 254-259<br \/>\r\n[24].\tLau, B.H.S. (1989). Detoxifying, radio-protective and phagocyte-enhancing effects of Leek.International.Clinical.Nutrition. Review.9:27-31<br \/>\r\n[25].\tMladenovic J.D., Maskovic P.Z., Pavlovic R.M. and Radovanovic B.C. (2011). \tAntioxidant activity of ultrasonic extracts of leek Allium porrum L. Hemijska\tIndustrija 65: 473-477<br \/>\r\n[26].\tNumagami, Y. (1996). Attenuation of rat ischemic brain damage by aged Leek extracts: a possible protecting mechanism as antioxidants. Neurochemistry.International. 29:135-143<br \/>\r\n[27].\tObatolu, V.A.; Osho, S,M. and Uwagbuete, A.C. (1998). Comparative Physicochemial  properties of fermented soybean and Locust bean. In: Ferris R.S.B (ed). Post- Harvest Technology and Commodity Marketing.IITA.Ibadan. pp163-168<br \/>\r\n[28].\tOkorie  C.P. and Olasupo,N. A.(2013) Controlled fermentation and preservation of \tUGBA \u2013an indigenous Nigerian fermented food. SpringerPlus  2:470. http:\/\/www.springerplus.com\/content\/2\/1\/470<br \/>\r\n[29].\tOmafuvbe, B.O. (1994). Natural fermentation of soy-bean (Glycine max) with added salt for soy-daddawa production.World Journal of  Microbiology and Biotechnology 10: 497-480<br \/>\r\n[30].\tOmafuvbe B.O, Shonukan, O.O. and Abiose, S.H. (2000). Microbiological and Biochemical changes in the traditional fermentation of soybean daddawa \u2013 a Nigerian Food Condiment.Food  Microbiology 17, 469-474.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tOyeyiola, G.P (1988) Microbiology of the fermentation of \u2018Irupete\u2019 and \u2018Iruworo\u2019 obtained from local producers. MIRCEN Journal of Applied Microbiology.and Biotechnology. 4; 439-455.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tPopoola, T.O.S and Akueshi, C.O (1985). Microorganisms associated with the fermentation of soybean for the production of Soybean `Daddawa\u2019 (A condiment). Nigerian Food Journal. 2: 194-196<br \/>\r\n[33].\tPopoola, T.O.S; Kolapo A.L. and Afolabi O.R (2007) Biochemical deterioration of soybean daddawa- a condiment. Journal of Food, Agriculture  andEnvironment.5(1):67-70<br \/>\r\n[34].\tSarkar, P.K.; Cook, P.E. and Owens, J.C (1993). Bacillus Fermentation of Soybean.World Journal.of Microbiology. and Biotechnology.9: 295-299<br \/>\r\n[35].\tSattar, D. and Demen, J.M. (1973). Effect of packaging material on light   induced quality deterioration of milk. Journal of Canning Science. Technology Alimentarus.6: 170-174<br \/>\r\n[36].\tSiriamornpun, S., Yang, L. Kubola, J. and Li, D. (2008).Changes of Omega-3 Fatty acid content and lipid composition in canned Tuna during 12-month storge.Journal of  Food Lipids 15: 164-175<br \/>\r\n[37].\tSosulki, F.; Humbert, E.S. and Bui, K. (1976). Functional Properties of Rape seed Flours, concentrates and Isolates. Journal of Food Science.41: 1349-1352<br \/>\r\n[38].\tStajner, D. and Varga, I.S. (2003). An evaluation of the antioxidant abilities of Alliumspecies.ActaBiologicaSzegediensis. 47(1-4):103-106<br \/>\r\n[39].\tYanar, Y. Celik, M and Akamca, E. (2006). Effects of brine concentration on shelf-life of hot-smoked tilapia (oreochromisniloticus) stored at 40C. Food Chemistry. 97:244-247<br \/>\r\n[40].\t Zia-ur-Rehman, Salariya, A.M and Habib F.(2003). Antioxidant activity of ginger extract in Sunflower oil. Journal of Science Food  and Agriculture. 83: 624-629<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adelodun L.Kolapo, Temitope O.S.Popoola &#8220;Preservative Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leek (<i>Allium  ampeloprasum L.<\/i>) on Soybean Daddawa- A Condiment&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.116-123 March 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/116-123.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/116-123.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/preservative-efficacy-of-aqueous-and-ethanolic-extracts-of-leek-allium-ampeloprasum-l-on-soybean-daddawa-a-condiment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preservative Efficacy of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Leek (<i>Allium  ampeloprasum L.<\/i>) on Soybean Daddawa- A Condiment<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db741c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern 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data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db7e72\" data-id=\"9db7e72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db809b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db809b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db81d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db81d8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db8481\" data-id=\"9db8481\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db86b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db86b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db87f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db87f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db8aa1\" data-id=\"9db8aa1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db8cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db8cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db8df7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db8df7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db9093\" data-id=\"9db9093\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db92b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db92b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db93fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db93fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db96c8\" data-id=\"9db96c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db98f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9db98f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Direct Memory Access Controller Design and Implementation for decreasing the Memory Access Time, Power and Area<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Santosh Kumar B &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 124-125<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9db9a3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9db9a3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9db9d2a\" data-id=\"9db9d2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9db9f8f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9db9f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Most of the newly developed stand alone embedded devices in the field of image, video and sound processing take more and more use of direct memory access controller. This controller is focused at high transmission capacity applications, for example, live video streaming. It is intended to drive 256-bit double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory. The double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory architecture utilizes a 2n-prefetch architecture, where the inner information transport is double the width of the outer information transport. A solitary read or compose cycle includes a solitary 2n-bit wide, one-clock-cycle information exchange at the center, and two relating n-bit wide, one-half-clock-cycle information exchanges at the I\/O. Hence, this empowers fast activity as the inside section gets to are half the recurrence of the outer information exchange rate. Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memories utilize a byte-wide, bidirectional information strobe that is transmitted remotely, alongside information (DQ) for information catch. Bidirectional information strobe is transmitted edge-adjusted by the double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory amid peruses, and focus adjusted by the controller amid keeps in touch with the memory. The double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory uses on-chip delay-bolted circles to check out bidirectional information strobe and comparing DQs, guaranteeing that they are very much coordinated and that they track each other with changes in voltage and temperature. For FPGA structure the IC producers are giving business memory controller IP centers working just on their items. Principle impediment is the absence of memory get to enhancement for arbitrary memory get to designs. The &#8216;data path&#8217; some portion of those controllers can be utilized free of charge. This work propose a design of a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory controller, which exploits those accessible and well tested data paths and can be utilized for any reconfigurable device.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 124-125\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Santosh Kumar B<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCSE , New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tHow to Use DDR SDRAM, User\u2019s Manual, Document No. E0234E40, ALPIDA, September 2005<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDDR SDRAM Controller Using Virtex-4 FPGA Devices, Oliver Despaux, Application Note, March 27, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[3]\t http:\/\/www.xilinx.com<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDouble Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM Specification, JEDEC STANDARD, JESD79E, May 2005<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Santosh Kumar B &#8220;Direct Memory Access Controller Design and Implementation for decreasing the Memory Access Time, Power and Area&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.124-125 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/124-125.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/124-125.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/direct-memory-access-controller-design-and-implementation-for-decreasing-the-memory-access-time-power-and-area\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Direct Memory Access Controller Design and Implementation for decreasing the Memory Access Time, Power and Area<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbbab8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dbbab8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dbbc45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dbbc45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dbbf13\" data-id=\"9dbbf13\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbc16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dbc16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dbc2c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dbc2c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dbc5cb\" data-id=\"9dbc5cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbc816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dbc816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Location Mapping, Functions, Criteria and Categorical Based Assessment of Accommodation Centre\u2019s Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Adewuyi Gbola K., Ajibade Oludare S., Oyekunle Abraham, Adeniran Mayowa &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 126-140<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dbc96f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dbc96f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dbcca0\" data-id=\"9dbcca0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbcf18 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dbcf18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Comfort in accommodation based on facilities and quality services play a very vital role in making meaningful any tourist destination. This study aimed at mapping accommodation Centre\u2019s locations and assessing them based on their functions, criteria and category in which they fall. Google earth satellite imagery was used to determine the spatial location of individual accommodation Centre consisting of hotels, hotel and suites, guests houses, conference\/event centre\u2019s Inn, resorts etc. Three hundred and seventy (370) accommodations Centre\u2019s were determined through the Google earth satellite imagery. Other information was derived from online resource (internet based information) and manager of various kind of accommodation Centre\u2019s studied in Ibadan based on functions, criteria, categories (stars). Road map of Ibadan was extracted from the road map of Oyo State and lay over the data acquired to show the exact position of each accommodation centre using ArcGIS 10.2.1 software application package. The results of study showed the composite map of the generalized distribution of accommodation Centre\u2019s with 1, 2, 3, 4 with their respective color (yellow, red, blue, green) and maps based on their categories (1, 2, 3, 4,) Stars. Generally, the results showed that all accommodation Centre\u2019s studied fall within (1 to 4) Stars in category. It can be concluded from the results that the study will help the tourist to choose the best accommodation Centre they want. It will also help those that owned the accommodation centre\u2019s to improve the quality of their services and facilities. Also for those that want to establish their own accommodation centre\u2019s to determine the category in which they want their own to fall.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 126-140\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adewuyi Gbola K.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ajibade Oludare S.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oyekunle Abraham<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adeniran Mayowa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environmental Science, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tR. Henning, and C. Willemse, \u201cEffective guest house management\u201d. Kenwyn: Juta &#038; Co., 1999.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tN. Nuntsu, D. Tassiopoulos, and N. Haydam, \u201cThe bed and breakfast market of Buffalo City (BC), South Africa: present status, constraints and success factors\u201d. Tourism Management, 25(4), 515 522, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tA. M. Morrison, P. L. Pearce, G. Moscardo, N. Nadkarni, and J. T. O\u2019Leary, \u201cSpecial accommodation: definition, markets served, and roles in tourism development\u201d. Journal of Travel Research, 35 (1), 18-26, 1996.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tA. J. McIntosh, and A. Siggs, \u201cAn exploration of the experiential nature of boutique accommodation\u201d. Journal of Travel Research, 44 (1), 74\u201381, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tR. B. Warnick, and L. R. Klar, \u201cThe bed and breakfast and small inn industry of the commonwealth of Massachusetts: and exploratory survey\u201d. Journal of Travel Research, 29, 17-25, 1991.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tP. L. 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Tucker \u201cQuality Homes, Quality People: The Challenge of Quality Grading and Assurance in Small Accommodation Enterprises.\u201d In Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives, edited by R. Thomas. Oxford: Pergamon, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tCambridge dictionary<br \/>\r\n[18].\tWikipedia<br \/>\r\n[19].\tK. Dutta, U. Venkatesh, and H. G. Parsa, \u201cService failure and recovery strategies in the restaurant sector: An Indo-US comparative study\u201d. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(5), 351-363, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tM. Sheela, \u201cEconomics of Hotel Management\u201d, New Age International Publisher, 2007<br \/>\r\n[21].\tJ.A. Miller, \u201cStudying satisfaction, modifying models, eliciting expectations, posing problems, and making meaningful measurements\u201d. In: Hunt, H.K. (Ed.). Conceptualization and Measurement of Consumer Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction. Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge, MA, pp. 72-91, 1977.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tWTO, \u201cIdentification and evaluation of those components of tourism services which have a bearing on tourist satisfaction and which can be regulated and state measures to ensure adequate quality of tourism services\u201d. World Tourism Organization, Madrid, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tA. K. Smith, R. N. Bolton, and J. Wagner, \u201cA model of customer satisfaction with service encounters involving failure and recovery\u201d. Journal Marketing Research, 36 (3): 356\u2013372, 1999.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tH. Oh, \u201cTransaction evaluations and relationship intentions\u201d. Journal of Hospitality &#038; Tourism Research, 26 (3), 278-305, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tR. C. Whiteley, \u201cThe customer driven company: Moving from talk to action\u201d. Adelaide, Australia: Griffin, 1991.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tY. Y. Fu, and S. Parks, \u201cThe relationship between restaurant service quality and consumer loyalty among the elderly\u201d. Journal of Hospitality &#038; Tourism Research, 25 (3), 320-336, 2001.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tR. Chu, and T. Choi, \u201cAn importance-performance analysis of hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry: a comparison of business and leisure travelers\u201d. Tourism Management, 21, 363-377, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tR. Johnston-Walker, \u201cThe Accommodation Motivations and Accommodation Usage Patterns of International Independent Pleasure Travellers.\u201d Pacific Tourism Review, 3: 143-150, 1999.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tNigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), \u201cSocioeconomic Survey of Ibadan City\u201d. Report (of a survey commissioned by the Ibadan Metropolitan Planning Authority), NISER, Monograph Series, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1988<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adewuyi Gbola K., Ajibade Oludare S., Oyekunle Abraham, Adeniran Mayowa &#8220;Location Mapping, Functions, Criteria and Categorical Based Assessment of Accommodation Centre\u2019s Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.126-140 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/126-140.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/126-140.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/location-mapping-functions-criteria-and-categorical-based-assessment-of-accommodation-centres-using-remote-sensing-and-gis-in-ibadan-metropolis-oyo-state-southwestern-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Location Mapping, Functions, Criteria and Categorical Based Assessment of Accommodation Centre\u2019s Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbea9b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dbea9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dbec3c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dbec3c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dbef04\" data-id=\"9dbef04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc1a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc1a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc1b26 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc1b26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc1d03\" data-id=\"9dc1d03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc1e38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc1e38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assessment of Consumers\u2019 Preference for Local Rice in South West, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Abigail Adeyonu, Babatunde Ajiboye, Tobi Aminu, Opeyemi Faronbi, Toluwalase Awe and Ibukun Olayiwola &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 141-144<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc1ef6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc1ef6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc209a\" data-id=\"9dc209a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc21cc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dc21cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research work examine consumers preference for local rice in South west, Nigeria. It specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of local rice consumers in the study area. Data of 150 household was collected through a well-structured questionnaire. Tobit regression model and likert type of measurement were used to measures the collected parameters.The results of the analysis shows that consumption is consistent among 59.3% of the respondent.The choice of local rice consumption is evident by their positive perceptions that local rice is healthy, have good taste and superior in quality than polish rice. Although some claim less utility in local rice consumption because it\u2019s less attractive, look dirty and less friendly in term of cooking, Ofadabrand of local rice is still the most preferred.<br \/>\r\nThe study also reveals thathousehold size, quality, ease of cooking and market price have significant influence on the consumer\u2019s decision.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 141-144\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abigail Adeyonu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Babatunde Ajiboye<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tobi Aminu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Opeyemi Faronbi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Toluwalase Awe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ibukun Olayiwola<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAccent (2010).    Review of Stated Preference and Willingness to Pay Methods. CompetitionCommission. Retrieved from: http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/+\/http:\/www.competition-commission.org.uk\/our_role\/analysis\/summary_and_report_combined.pdf<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAjala, A., and Gana A. (2015). Analysis of Challenges Facing Rice Processing in Nigeria.Journal of Food Processing. 4(3):23-29. Retrieved from: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/893673<br \/>\r\n[3].\tDemont, M., Zossou, E., Rutsaert, P., Ndour, M., Van-Mele, P., and Verbeke, W. (2012). Consumer valuation of improved rice parboiling technologies in Benin. Food Quality and Preference 23: 63\u201370.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tDemont, M., Rutsaert, P., Ndour, M. and Verbeke, W. (2013). Reversing urban bias in African rice markets: evidence from Senegal. World Development 45, 63\u201374.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2016). Rice Market Monitor. 14(1): 1-44.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tFood and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT, 2012).Food Balance Sheets, Commodity Balances, Crops Primary Equivalent&#8221;. Retrieved August 17, 2012(WIKI)<br \/>\r\n[7].\tFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2000). Agriculture towards 2015\/30 Technical Interim Report. April, 2000. Rome<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFederal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, (FMARD, 2012). Agricultural Transformation Agenda: Repositioning Agriculture to drive Nigeria\u2019s Economy.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tLan\u00e7on, F. and Benz, H. (2007.) Rice imports in West Africa: trade regimes and food policy formulation. A Paper presented at the 106th seminar of the European Association of Agricultural Economics (EAAE), Pro-poor Development in Low Income Countries: Food, Agriculture, Trade and Environment. Montpellier, France, 25\u201327 October<br \/>\r\n[10].\tSowunmi, F., Omigie O., and Daniel D. (2014). Consumers\u2019 Perception on Ofada Rice in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. ISSN 2222-2855 (Online). 5(16): pp<br \/>\r\n[11].\tSingh, B., Fagade, S., Ukungwu, M., William, C., Jagtap, S., Oladimeji, O., Effisue, A., Okhidieubie, O. (1997). Rice Growing Environment and Biophysical Constraints in Different Agro Ecological Zones of Nigeria. Metrology Journal. 29:35-44.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tTerwase, I., and Madu, A. (2014). The Impact of Rice Production, Consumption and Importation in Nigeria: The Political Economy Perspectives. International Journal of Sustainable Development &#038; World Policy, 2014, 3(4): p91<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abigail Adeyonu, Babatunde Ajiboye, Tobi Aminu, Opeyemi Faronbi, Toluwalase Awe and Ibukun Olayiwola &#8220;Assessment of Consumers\u2019 Preference for Local Rice in South West, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.141-144 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/141-144.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/141-144.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-consumers-preference-for-local-rice-in-south-west-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Assessment of Consumers\u2019 Preference for Local Rice in South West, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc306d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dc306d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc313a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc313a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc32bb\" data-id=\"9dc32bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc33de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc33de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc347f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc347f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc35f0\" data-id=\"9dc35f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc3702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc3702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Assistive Technology on Teaching Mathematics to Learners with Visual Impairments in Special Primary Schools in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chege Mary Wairimu, Joel M. Chomba, Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 145-150<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc37b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc37b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc3935\" data-id=\"9dc3935\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc3a81 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dc3a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was conducted to identify types of Assistive Technology used for teaching Mathematics to learners with visual impairments in special primary schools for learners with Visual Impairments in Kenya. A descriptive research design was employed to achieve the objective of the study. The data have been collected through observational checklist and classroom observation schedule of the selected special primary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample of five deputy head teachers. Study data was analysed manually through narrative means using thematic. The result of the study indicates that there was scarcity of Assistive Technology in special primary schools for learners with visual impairments in Kenya. Largely, Low-Tech Assistive Technology was available while modern Mid-Tech and High-Tech Assistive Technology were visibly lacking. The study recommends that: the government through Ministry of Education to allocate necessary funds for acquisition and physical supply of much needed modern Assistive Technology for teaching Mathematics to special primary schools for learners with Visual Impairments.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 145-150\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chege Mary Wairimu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joel M. Chomba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Beatrice Bunyasi Awori<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Special Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAhmad, K. F. (2015). Use of Assistive Technology in inclusive Education: Making room for \t  diverse learning needs. Journal of Transience, 6(2), 62-77<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAkpan, J. &#038; Beard, L. (2014). Assistive Technology and Mathematics education. Universal \t  Journal of Education Research, 2(3), 219\u2013222. Retrieved August 2016 http:\/\/www.hrpub.org.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAlkahtani. K. D. (2013). Teachers\u2019 knowledge and use of Assistive Technology for students \t  with Special Educational Needs. Riyadh. Journal of studies in Education.    http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5296\/jsc.v312.3424.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBrousseau, G. (1997). Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics. Balacheff: Kluwer \tAcademic Publisher.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChiu, M. (2007). Mathematics as mother\/basic of Science in affect: Analysis of Timss2003 \tData. Chengch University, Department of Education.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCook, A. &#038; Hussey, S. (2002). Assistive technologies: Principles and practices; 2nd edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tGanschow, H., Philips, L. &#038; Schneider, D, (2001). Closing the gap: Accommodating students \t   with language learning disabilities in college. Topics in language Disorder, 21 17-37.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGovernment of Kenya. (2010).Constitution of Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tHeward, L. W. (2003). Exceptional children: an introduction to special education; 7th edition. U.S.A. Merrill  Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tInternational Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment (2014). Expanding  \t   Educational Opportunities. Volume XXVII.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tJackson, M. (2009). Technologies supplying curriculum access for students with disabilities.Washington: NCAC.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tKochung, R. (2003). A report of the task force on special needs education appraisal exercise. \t   Nairobi: Government Printers.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tKohanova, I. (2006). Teaching Mathematics to non-sighted students: with specialization in \t   solid geometry. Comenius University Bratislava: Published Doctoral Thesis<br \/>\r\n[14].\tLodico, G., Spaulding, D. &#038; Voegtle, K. (2006). Methods in Educational research: From \t   theory to practice. USA: Jossey Bass.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tMakinde, D. (2011). Impact of Mathematics and science research on national development A  paper presented at the First Kenyatta University International Mathematics Conference,    Nairobi, Kenya on 8th June 2011.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tManchishi, S. (2015). Factors contributing to low achievement levels in Mathematics among Hearing Impairment learners: Case study of selected schools of Lusaka, Zambia University.    Published M.ED. Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[17].\t Mariba, A. (2012). Challenges facing teachers and students in the use of instructional technologies: A case study of selected secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. Kenyatta    University: Unpublished M.ED Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tMugo, B. C. (2013). Assistive Technology and access to quality instructional for Blind and visually impaired students. A comparative study of Kenyatta University, Kenya and Syracuse  University, USA. Kenyatta University: Unpublished PhD Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tMugo, B.C. (2007). Instructional technology in the facilitation of learning by visually  impaired learners in upper primary classes in Kenya. Kenyatta University: Unpublished M.Ed    Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMuigai, S. C. (2017). Historical analysis of educational developments for persons with visual \t   impairments in Kenya (1945 &#8211; 2013): Focus on Nairobi City, Kiambu and Meru Counties. \t   Unpublished M.Ed Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tMwangi, M. W. (2014). Pedagogical challenges facing mathematics teachers of learners \t    with vision at Thika primary school for the Blind, Kiambu County. Kenyatta University:    Published M.Ed Thesis.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tNemeth, A. (1972). The Nemeth Braille code for Mathematics and Science notation, 1972 revision. Louisville, KY: APH. 4 BC. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tOgula, P.A. (2010). A guide to research proposal and report writing. Nairobi: Catholic University of Eastern Africa.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tRosenblum, L. &#038; Amato, S.  (2004). Preparation in and use the Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics by teachers with visual impairments. Retrieved 8th September 2016 \t \t   http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?=braille<br \/>\r\n[25].\tRowe, S. C. (2014). Counting on Technology: Critical solutions for education STEM subjects \t   in Developing countries. Journal of expanding educational opportunities, 27(2), 17-21.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tStein, C. (2013). Hearing Impairment and ADHD: how they affect students\u2019 ability to learn Mathematics Georgia. Georgia College and State University.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tTebo, R. L. (2009). A resource guide to assistive technology for students with visual impairments. Bowling Green State University: Published M.Ed Project.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tWamalwa, E. (2017). Utilization of instructional Media to enhance Students\u2019 Learning if \tEnglish in Bungoma North District\u2019s Secondary Schools, Bungoma County. A paperpresented at 34th Postgraduate seminar programme on 20th July 2017.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tWawire, V., Elarabi, N. and Mwanzi, H. (2009). Higher educational access and retention \t    opportunities for students with disabilities: Strategies and experiences from selected public     universities in Egypt and Kenya. The institute of International Education, 117-134<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chege Mary Wairimu, Joel M. Chomba, Beatrice Bunyasi Awori &#8220;Assistive Technology on Teaching Mathematics to Learners with Visual Impairments in Special Primary Schools in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.145-150 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/145-150.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/145-150.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assistive-technology-on-teaching-mathematics-to-learners-with-visual-impairments-in-special-primary-schools-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Assistive Technology on Teaching Mathematics to Learners with Visual Impairments in Special Primary Schools in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4845 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dc4845\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc490e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc490e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4a7c\" data-id=\"9dc4a7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc4b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4c3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc4c3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4daa\" data-id=\"9dc4daa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4ebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dc4ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Challenges of Nigeria Vaccine Supply Chain, a Community of Practice Perspective<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Timilehin M. Omole, Felix O. Sanni, Paul A. Olaiya, Olusegun Aturaka, Musa Abdulsalam, Zachary T. Gwa, Olumide F. Ajani, Potter J. Aiden, Chigozie G. Njemanze &#8211; March 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 151-157<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9dc4f64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9dc4f64\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dc50e1\" data-id=\"9dc50e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc5222 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"9dc5222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1651\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1651\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Vaccine supply chain is a critical success factor in the improvement in immunization coverage towards universal health coverage. Immunization in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) generally suffers lots of setbacks due to supply chain bottlenecks. This research therefore explored the supply chain ecosystem in Nigeria to determine the challenges of supply chain in Nigeria and possible solutions to them. The study took pragmatic approach to explore the Nigeria vaccine supply chain ecosystem. In a mixed method, we explored some quantitative and qualitative questions using an internet-based questionnaire (Google form). From the survey, a total of 200 valid responses were received and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft excel combined and patterns\/correlations. Among the professionals, only few people (21.0%) had above average (very good and excellent) knowledge of vaccine chain while more than 30% had very poor knowledge of vaccine supply chain in Nigeria. This poor knowledge of vaccine supply chain that cuts across all professions is a major challenge to efficiency and success of vaccine supply chain in Nigeria. All the five factors considered as bottlenecks to vaccine supply chain in Nigeria were highly rated as major challenges by over 90% of all respondents. Thus, a lot has to be done to create awareness on vaccine supply chain across all healthcare profession and more efforts are needed both by government and professionals to overcome the challenges of bottlenecks to vaccine supply chain in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 151-157\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 April 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1652\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1652\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Timilehin M. Omole <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, FHI360-GF, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Felix O. Sanni <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Paul A. Olaiya <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olusegun Aturaka  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Abdulsalam  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Zachary T. Gwa <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olumide F. Ajani  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Axios Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Potter J. Aiden  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, FHI360-GF, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chigozie G. Njemanze  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Strategic Supply Chain Management, University of Roehampton, London, UK<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1653\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1653\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tChopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007). Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tHaraburda, S.S. (2016). Transforming Military Support Processes from Logistics to Supply Chain Management&#8217;, Army Sustainment, 48, 2, pp. 12-15.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tGoel, N and S. Goel, (2015), \u2018Disruptive Innovations in Supply Chain\u2019, South -Asian Journal Of Multidisciplinary Studies (Sajms), Issn:2349-7858 Volume 1 Issue 4, Universal Multidisciplinary Research Institute Pvt Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAngeleanu, A. (2015), &#8216;New Technology Trends and Their Transformative Impact on Logistics and Supply Chain Processes&#8217;, International Journal Of Economic Practices and Theories, 5, 5, pp. 413-419.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tLogiPharm, (2017), \u2018The Supply Chain of the Future A LogiPharma Report\u2019, http:\/\/movianto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wbr-logipharma-report-01.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tMalik, Y, Niemeyer, A, and Ruwadi, B. (2011). Building the supply chain of the future, Mckinsey Quarterly, 1, pp. 62-71.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tAdeloye, D, Jacobs, W, Amuta, A, Ogundipe, O, Mosaku, O, Gadanya, M, and Oni, G 2017, &#8216;Review: Coverage and determinants of childhood immunization in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis&#8217;, Vaccine, 35, pp. 2871-2881, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 15 November 2017.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tGAVI, 2016, \u2018Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance: Supply and Procurement Strategy 2016-20\u2019, http:\/\/www.gavi.org\/about\/.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tChildress, Vw (2015), &#8216;Supply Chain, Logistics, And Global Economics&#8217;, Technology and Engineering Teacher, 75, 4, pp. 22-27.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tCollins, J., (2001), \u2018Good to Great; Why Some Companies Make the Leap . . .  and Others Don&#8217;t\u2019, Collins Business.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tWright, C., (2016) Supply Chain 2035: Preparing for the Next 20 Years, Available at: http:\/\/thepump.jsi.com\/supply-chain-2035-preparing-for-the-next-20-years, (Accessed: 30\/08\/2016).<br \/>\r\n[12].\tCHAI, (2016), \u2018Clinton Health Access Initiative, Annual Report; 2015\u2019, http:\/\/www.clintonhealthaccess.org\/content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/2015-Annual-Report.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tKristensen, DD, Lorenson, T, Bartholomew, K and Villadiego, S., (2016), \u2018Can thermostable vaccines help address cold-chain challenges? Results from stakeholder interviews in six low- and middle-income countries\u2019, Vaccines 34(2016)899-904, https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/vaccine.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tLydon, P., Raubenheimer, T, Arnot-Kr\u00fcger, M., and Zaffran M., (2015), \u2018Outsourcing vaccine logistics to the private sector: The evidence and lessons learned from the Western Cape Province in South-Africa\u2019, Vaccines 33(29):3429-3434, https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/vaccine.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tLee, B, Wedlock, P, Haidari, L, Elder, K, Potet, J, Manring, R, Connor, D, Spiker, M, Bonner, K, Rangarajan, A, Hunyh, D, and Brown, S. (2017). &#8216;Economic impact of thermostable vaccines&#8217;, Vaccine, 35, pp. 3135-3142, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 27 November 2017.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tSeidman, G, and Atun, R. (2017). &#8216;Do changes to supply chains and procurement processes yield cost savings and improve availability of pharmaceuticals, vaccines or health products? A systematic review of evidence from low-income and middle-income countries&#8217;, BMJ Global Health, 2, 2, p.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tPrivett, N, and Gonsalvez, D. (2014). Short communication: The top ten global health supply chain issues: Perspectives from the field, Operations Research For Health Care, 3, pp. 226-230, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 November 2017.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tSarley, D, Mahmud, M, Idris, J, Osunkiyesi, M, Dibosa-Osadolor, O, Okebukola, P, and Wiwa, O (2017). &#8216;Transforming vaccines supply chains in Nigeria&#8217;, Vaccine, 35, Building Next Generation Immunization Supply Chains, pp. 2167-2174, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 November 2017.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWorld Bank, (2016), World Bank Factsheet, http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tZaffran M, Vandelaer J, Kristensen D, Melgaard B, Yadav P, Antwi-Agyei, KO, and Lasher, H, (2013), \u2018The imperative for stronger vaccine supply and logistics systems\u2019, Vaccine 2013;31(suppl 2). doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.036.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tWHO, (2014), \u2018Immunization supply chain and logistics: a neglected but essential system for national immunization programmes, A call to action.\u2019 Geneva (Switzerland), (WHO\/IVB\/14.05). World Health Organization; Available at; http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/programmes_systems\/supply_chain\/en\/\/.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tBrison, M, and LeTallec, Y 2017, &#8216;Commentary: Transforming cold chain performance and management in lower-income countries&#8217;, Vaccine, 35, Building Next Generation Immunization Supply Chains, pp. 2107-2109, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 November 2017.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tEasterby-Smith, M., R. Thorpe, and P. Jackson, (2012) Management Research, 4th edition, London: SAGE Publications.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tIAPHL (2017). \u2018IAPHL Updates on Membership Numbers, Dec-2017\u2019 http:\/\/1i4rh11vccjs3zhs5v8cwkn2.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/IAPHL-Updates-on-Membership-Numbers_Dec-2017.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tAmeen H.A., Salaudeen A.G., Musa O.I., Aderibigbe S.A., Akande T.M. and Ameen K. (2016). Predictors of vaccine management practices among primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Res. J. of Health Sci. 4(2), pp 148 \u2013 161.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tUNICEF (2014). Immunization Supply Chain Strategies: 2014 Vaccine Manufacturer Consultation Copenhagen, 9 October 2014, pp 1 \u2013 29.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tUta, L., Chiliya, N. and Chuchu, T., (2014). \u2018Determining the Feasibility of Adopting Technological Innovation to Enhance Service Delivery in Selected Johannesburg Health Institutions\u2019, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.892.115andrep=rep1andtype=pdf.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tAbubakar, FM and Ahmad, HB, (2013), \u2018The Moderating Effect of Technology Awareness on the Relationship between UTAUT Constructs and Behavioural Intention to Use Technology: A Conceptual Paper\u2019, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol.3 No.02 [14-23] | May-2013 ISSN: 1839 \u2013 0846, http:\/\/www.ajbmr.com\/articlepdf\/aus-29-75i02n3a2.pdf. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1654\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1654\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Timilehin M. Omole, Felix O. Sanni, Paul A. Olaiya, Olusegun Aturaka, Musa Abdulsalam, Zachary T. Gwa, Olumide F. Ajani, Potter J. Aiden, Chigozie G. Njemanze &#8220;The Challenges of Nigeria Vaccine Supply Chain, a Community of Practice Perspective&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 3, pp.151-157 March 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/151-157.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1655\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1655\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-3\/151-157.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1656\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1656\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-challenges-of-nigeria-vaccine-supply-chain-a-community-of-practice-perspective\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>The Challenges of Nigeria Vaccine Supply Chain, a Community of Practice Perspective<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dc5fbc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9dc5fbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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