{"id":2688,"date":"2019-07-17T01:26:47","date_gmt":"2019-07-17T01:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2688"},"modified":"2019-09-13T07:27:55","modified_gmt":"2019-09-13T07:27:55","slug":"volume-vi-issue-vii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vi-issue-vii\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VI Issue VII"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2688\" class=\"elementor elementor-2688 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a22cf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a22cf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a22fc3\" data-id=\"5a22fc3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2316e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2316e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Study of Partial Discharges between Plane \u2013 Plane\/Point Electrode Configurations at Different Gap Lengths <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>K.L.Ratnakar, B. Rajesh Kamath &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 01-05<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a234b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a234b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a236d2\" data-id=\"5a236d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a23885 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a23885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Insulation between the high voltage electrodes employed in circuit breakers, Gas insulated substations plays a important role in the operation of power system. The main cause of failure of an insulation starts from partial discharge and ends up with the breakdown of insulation. Therefore its necessary to make a study of existence of partial discharges and its magnitude and measure the impact on the power system to take the remedial action. The partial discharges exist because of the defects in the insulation media. The local electrical breakdown is also called as partial discharge (PD) which occurs due to high voltage stresses. Due to this continual occurrence of PD leads to breakdown of the system. It\u2019s the high task of the electrical engineers to monitor the PD activity of the high voltage system and take the possible preventive steps. In this paper the experimental results of the PD activity between plane \u2013 plane\/pointed electrodes with and without spacers have been presented. OMICRON MPD 600 software and hardware setup has been used to capture the 3D histogram files for the evaluation of partial discharges in the system.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K.L.Ratnakar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B. Rajesh Kamath<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. T. Hasegawa, K. Yamaji, M. Hatano, F. Endo, T. Rakunohe, and T. Yamagiwa, \u201cDevelopment of insulation structure and enhancement of insulation reliability of 500 kV DC GIS,\u201d IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 197\u2013202, 1997.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Cigre Working Group D1-11, \u201cKnowledge rules of partial discharge diagnosis in service,\u201d Electra, vol. 207, pp. 63\u201366, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[3]. R. Baumgartner ; B. Fruth ; W. Lanz ; K. Pettersson, \u201cPartial discharge, Part-X, PD in gas insulated substations\u2014Measurement and practical considerations,\u201d IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 16\u201327, 1992.<br \/>\r\n[4]. M. M. Morcos, S. Zhang, K. D. Srivastava, and S. M. Gubanski, \u201cDynamics of metallic<br \/>\r\n[5]. contaminants in GIS with dielectric coated electrodes,\u201d IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 455\u2013460, 2000.<br \/>\r\n[6]. I. A. Metwally and A. A. A. Rahim, \u201cFactors affecting the dynamics of wire particles in gas insulated systems,\u201d European Transactions on Electric Power, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 403\u2013412, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[7]. B. Rajesh Kamath, Member, IAENG , J. Sundara Rajan, K. A. Krishnamurthy and M. Z. Kurian, \u201cPartial Discharge Characterization of Nichrome Particle in a Gas Filled Duct\u201d, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCECS) 2013 Vol I, 23-25 October, 2013, San Francisco, USA.<br \/>\r\n[8]. B. Rajesh Kamath, Member, IAENG , J. Sundara Rajan , \u201cEffect of Fixed Copper Particle on PD Characteristics of Sf6 &#8211; N2 (10:90) Gas Mixtures\u201c International Journal of Electronic Engineering Research Volume 1 Number 1 (2009) pp. 1\u201311.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">K.L.Ratnakar, B. Rajesh Kamath &#8220;Study of Partial Discharges between Plane \u2013 Plane\/Point Electrode Configurations at Different Gap Lengths &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.01-05 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/01-05.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/01-05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/study-of-partial-discharges-between-plane-plane-point-electrode-configurations-at-different-gap-lengths\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Study of Partial Discharges between Plane \u2013 Plane\/Point Electrode Configurations at Different Gap Lengths <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2473b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a2473b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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data-id=\"5a25019\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a25128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a25128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a251c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a251c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2541c\" data-id=\"5a2541c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2555d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2555d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a25600 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a25600\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2575d\" data-id=\"5a2575d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a25871 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a25871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2590f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2590f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a25a76\" data-id=\"5a25a76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a25b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a25b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Demographic Characteristics, Coping Strategies and Parents with Autistic Children in Nigeria <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Christiana Omone Bose MAKINDE, Olanrewaju Seun ADEGBITE, Titilayo OLAYODE, Mercy OMOZUSI &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 06-10<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a25c23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a25c23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a25da3\" data-id=\"5a25da3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a25ef5 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a25ef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Primary caregivers of children living with Autism Spectrum Disorder carry the larger burden of care and they may feel a need to be with their child at all times so they experience stress, related to coping with the heavy load of care giving. The study assessed the relationship between the demographic characteristics of parents of autistic children and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES). The study employed a cross-sectional design. The respondents comprised of all the parents of autistic children at the autism centres. The parents demographic characteristics assessed are age, level of education, religion and marital status. Therefore four null hypotheses were generated and T-Test was used to analyse the relationship between the family oriented evaluation scale and the demographic characteristics. The results revealed that for the null hypothesis of no significant relationship between utilization of FCOPES and respondents age, the calculated p-value and r revealed 0.215 &gt; 0.05 and -0.156&lt; 1 respectively. Therefore the null hypothesis is upheld. Conclusively the study found no association between the demographic characteristics and the utilization of the family oriented evaluation scale. The implication being that regardless of the differences in the respondents\u2019 demographic characteristics, parents of autistic children can benefits from the use of reframing, passive appraisal, spiritual support, and mobilizing social support in child care.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 06-10\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christiana Omone Bose MAKINDE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Work and Human Services, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olanrewaju Seun ADEGBITE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Work and Human Services, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Titilayo OLAYODE <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Work and Human Services, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mercy OMOZUSI <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Work and Human Services, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Altiere, M.J &amp; von kluge (2009) searching for acceptance: challenges while raising a child with autism. Journal of intellectual &amp; developmental disability. 34(2), 142-152<br \/>\r\n[2]. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th Ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Autism and developmental disability monitoring network (2012).autism spectrum disorder morbidity and mortality weekly reports surveillance summaries, 61(3)<br \/>\r\n[4]. Baio, J. (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years. Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2010 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries(Vol. 63, pp. 1-21). Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Baker \u2013 Ericzen, M J, Brookman\u2013Frazee, L &amp; Stahmer, A. (2005) stress level &amp; adaptability in parents of toddlers with and without autism spectrum disorders. Research and practice for persons with severe disabilities, 30(4), 194-204<br \/>\r\n[6]. Bayat, M (2007) Evidence of resilience in families of children with autism. Journal of intellectual disability research, 51(9) 702-714<br \/>\r\n[7]. Benson, P. R., &amp; Karlof, K. L. (2009). Stress proliferation, and depressed mood among parents of children with ASD: A longitudinal replication. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(2), 350-362.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Bristol M. M. (2012) Family resources and successful adaptation to autistic children. In: The Effects of Autism on the Family (eds E. Schopler &amp; G. B. Mesibov), pp. 289\u2013310. Plenum, New York.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/autism\/index.html.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Ekas, N. V., Whitman, T. L.. (2011). Adaptation to daily stressamong mothers of childrenmothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The role of daily positive affect.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1202\u20131213.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Dawson, G., &amp; Munson, J. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Development, 35(2), 133-138. doi: 10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.10.004. Faison<br \/>\r\n[12]. Filipek, P.A.,Accardo, P.J., Baranek, G.T., Cook, E.H., Jr, Dawson, G., Gordon, B., et al. (1999) \u2018The Screening and Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders\u2019, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29: 439\u201384.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Gray, D. E. (2002). Ten years on: a longitudinal study of families of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(3), 215\u2013222.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Greef A.P., &amp; van der Walt, K. (2010). Resilience in families with Autistic child. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 45 (30, 347-355<br \/>\r\n[15]. Hastings R.P &amp; Taunt (2002) positive perceptions of families of children with developmental disabilities: American journal on mental retardation. 107: 116-127<br \/>\r\n[16]. James, S.R. &amp; Ashwill J.W (2007): Nursing Care of Children.3rd .ed. Saunders: Elsevier.Chapter 12. PP: 306-371.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Lovell, B., Moss, M., &amp; Wetherell, M. A. (2012). With a little help from my friends: Psychological, endocrine and health corollaries of social support in parental caregivers of children with autism or ADHD. Research in Developmental Disability, 33(2), 682-687. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.11.014.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Luther, E. H., Canham, D. L., &amp; Cureton, V. Y. (2005). Coping And Social Support For Parents Of Children With Autism. The Journal of School Nursing, 21(1), 40\u201347.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Mak, W. W., &amp; Kwok, Y. T. (2010). 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(1981): Family crisis oriented personal scales (FCOPES). In H.I. McCubbin, A.I., Thompson, &amp; M.A. McCubbin, H.A. (Eds.), Family assessment: Resiliency, coping &amp; adaptation: Inventories for research and practice (pp.455-507). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin System<br \/>\r\n[23]. McLuckey, L. (2013). Social work practice and skills: Parent education: Children with autism. Clinical Information Systems. (Ed). S. Richman.<br \/>\r\n[24]. McPartland JC, Reichow B, Volkmar FR (2012) Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51:368\u2013383.<br \/>\r\n[25]. Montes G &amp; Halterman J (2007) psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: a population based study. Pediatrics 119, 1040-1046<br \/>\r\n[26]. National Alliance for Caregiving [NAC]. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.caregiving.org\/data\/Caregiving inthe US 2009 full report.pdf<br \/>\r\n[27]. National Institute of Mental Health (2010) what is autism spectrum disorder<br \/>\r\n[28]. Olsson, M. B., &amp; Hwang, C. P. (2001). Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 45(6), 535-543.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Peters, K., &amp; Jackson, D. (2009): Mothers&#8217; experiences of parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 62\u201371.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Pottie, C. G. Cohen J &amp; Ingram, K. M (2009) parenting a child with autism: contextual factor associated with enhanced daily parental mood. Journal of pediatric psychology 34(4), 419-429<br \/>\r\n[31]. Scheffer, N. P., Didden, R., Korzilius, H., &amp; Matson, J. (2012). Cost comparison of early intensive behavioral intervention and treatment as usual for children with autism spectrum disorder in The Netherlands. Research of Developmetal Disability, 33(6), 1763-1772. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.04.006.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Schieve LA, Blumberg SJ, Rice C, Visser SN &amp; Boyle C, (2007)The relationship between autism and parenting stress. Pediatrics Vol 119: 1 114-21<br \/>\r\n[33]. Sun, X., Allison, C., Auyeung, B., Baron-Cohen, S., &amp; Brayne, C. (2013). A review of healthcare service and education provision of autism spectrum condition in mainland China. Research in Developmental Disability, 34(1), 469-479. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.08.013.<br \/>\r\n[34]. Stuart, M., &amp; McGrew, J. H. (2009). Caregiver burden after receiving a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(1), 86-97. doi:10.1016\/j.rasd.2008.04.006.<br \/>\r\n[35]. Taylor, B. A., &amp; Hoch, H. (2008). Teaching children with autism to respond to and initiate bids for joint attention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41, 377-391<br \/>\r\n[36]. Thompson, C.E. (2000): Raising a handicapped child. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[37]. Twoy R, Connolly P &amp; Novak J (2007) Coping Strategies Used By Parents of Children with Autism. Journal of the American academy of nurse practitioners. 19, 251-260<br \/>\r\n[38]. Vidyasagar N &amp; Koshy S (2010) Daily stress and coping in mothers of autistic children. Journal of the Indian academy of applied psychology 36(2) 245-248<br \/>\r\n[39]. Volkmar FR, Pelphrey K (2014) Autism and autism spectrum disorders. In: Oxf. Textb. Psychopathol. P H Blaney R F Krueger T Millon Eds, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 530\u2013539<br \/>\r\n[40]. Wallander JL, Varni JW, (2003). Effects of Pediatric Chronic Physical Disorders on Child and Family Adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol 39 issue 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00302.<br \/>\r\n[41]. Wei Wei &amp; Oie Poh Tian (2014) Coping in Parents and Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Articles. Journal of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 1(3).<br \/>\r\n[42]. White S, Morris M. C, Weiss J.A &amp; Lunsky Y (2012) The Experience of Crisis in Families of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21,45-465<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Christiana Omone Bose MAKINDE, Olanrewaju Seun ADEGBITE, Titilayo OLAYODE, Mercy OMOZUSI &#8220;Demographic Characteristics, Coping Strategies and Parents with Autistic Children in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.06-10 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/06-10.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a27d30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a27d30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a27e96\" data-id=\"5a27e96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a27fa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a27fa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Significance and Health Benefits of Conch Shell <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Pushpa K, Sanjana T &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 11-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2803e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2803e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a281af\" data-id=\"5a281af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a282df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a282df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Sound and music significantly influence the state of human mind and emotions. Listening to low volume melodious and harmonic music will aid to have a relaxed state of mind. Sound waves produced by conch shell enhance positive psychological vibrations and leads to state of improved focus and performance. It is believed that blowing of conch shell have huge beneficiary effect on health especially on heart and respiratory system. There are various studies which promote the use of conch shell as a therapy to relieve stress and anxiety. In this paper, sound emanating from conch shell is analyzed in both time and frequency domain. The increase in brain\u2019s activity due to the sound of conch shell is proved by recording brain wave data of test subject and processing it using MATLAB. The acquired EEG (Electroencephalogram) signal is filtered; its frequency spectrum and power spectral density is compared before and after hearing to sound from conch shell. Our goal is to prove the healing capability of sound from conch shell for people suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, hypertension, insomnia etc., as these cases have indeed increased a lot nowadays.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 11-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 19 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Pushpa K<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, BMSCE, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sanjana T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, BMSCE, Bangalore, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. \u201cWhy Hindus blow conch and significance of conch in Hinduism and Ayurveda\u201d, https:\/\/mallstuffs.com\/Blogs\/BlogDetails.aspx?BlogId=394&amp;BlogType=Spiritual&amp;Topic=Why%20Hindus%20blow%20conch%20and%20significance%20of%20conch%20%20in%20Hinduism%20and%20ayurveda<br \/>\r\n[2]. \u201cBlowing a Conch (shell)\u201d, https:\/\/dharmblogger.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/blowing-conch-shell.html<br \/>\r\n[3]. Weidong Li, Zhongwei Qin, Tongyu Xiao Electronic Information Institute, University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, China, \u201cDesign of Speech Signal Analysis and Processing System Based on Matlab Gateway\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Navneet Agrawal and Dhruv Jain, Department of Electronics &amp; Communication Engineering College of Technology &amp; Engineering, MPUAT Udaipur, INDIA, \u201cSimulation and Analysis of Audio Signal Processor\u201d, IP Multimedia Communications A Special Issue from IJCA \u2013 Available: www.ijcaonline.org.<br \/>\r\n[5]. How You Can Use Sound And Music To Change Your Brain Waves With Laser Accuracy And Achieve Huge Focus And Performance Gains. Available: https:\/\/bengreenfieldfitness.com\/podcast\/brain-podcasts\/how-you-can-use-sound-and-music-to-change-your-brain-waves-with-laser-accuracy-and-achieve-huge-focus-and-performance-gains\/<br \/>\r\n[6]. Tamara L. Goldsby, PhD, Michael E. Goldsby, Phd, Mary McWalters, BA, Paul J.Mills, Phd, \u201cEffects of Singing Bowl Sound Meditation on Mood, Tension, and Well-being: An Observational Study\u201d, Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary &amp; Alternative Medicine, 2017, Vol.22(3) 401-406.<br \/>\r\n[7]. MahediAbediKoupaei, KambizPoushaneh, Ali Zade Mohammedi, NajmehSiampour, \u201cSound Therapy: An Experimental Study with Autistic Children\u201d, 3rd World conference on Psychology, counselling and guidance (WCPCG), 2012.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Rohit Mankar, Pranav Bawane, TusharLandge, \u201cBrain Wave Sensing\u201d, Annual IEEE India Conference(INDICON), 2014.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Vijayalakshmi K, Dept. of Medical Electronics, BMSCE, Ramachandran, SJBIT, Susmita Sridhar, PayalKhanwani, Dept. of Medical Electronics, \u201cEstimation of Effects of Alpha Music on EEG Components by Time and Frequency Domain Analysis\u201d, International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE 2010), 11-13 May 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Karen Olson, The Healing Power of Sound, November 2006. Available: https:\/\/experiencelife.com\/article\/the-healing-power-of-sound\/<br \/>\r\n[11]. Dr. Kumud S Wangnue,\u201cHealth benefits of Blowing a conch\u201d, https:\/\/goqii.com\/blog\/get-healthy-with-blowing-a-conch\/<br \/>\r\n[12]. David L. Chandler-MIT News office, \u201cConch shells spill the secret to their toughness\u201d, http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2017\/conch-shells-better-helmets-body-armor-0526<br \/>\r\n[13]. Mental Health Daily, \u201c5 Types Of Brain Waves Frequencies: Gamma, Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta\u201d, https:\/\/mentalhealthdaily.com\/2014\/04\/15\/5-types-of-brain-waves-frequencies-gamma-beta-alpha-theta-delta\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Pushpa K, Sanjana T &#8220;Significance and Health Benefits of Conch Shell&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp. 11-15 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/11-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/11-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/significance-and-health-benefits-of-conch-shell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Significance and Health Benefits of Conch Shell<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2908d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a2908d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a29162 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a29162\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a29a8d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a29bd1\" data-id=\"5a29bd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a29cdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a29cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a29d76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a29d76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a29ec3\" data-id=\"5a29ec3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a29fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a29fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a060 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2a060\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a1c9\" data-id=\"5a2a1c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a2dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2a2dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Comparative Study of Online Vs Offline Shopping of Electronic Products<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>A. Prasanth, J. M. Antonyraj &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 16-20<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2a377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a4d3\" data-id=\"5a2a4d3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2a5fb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a2a5fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study is about the comparative study of offline vs online shopping of electronic shopping towards behavior of buying, attitudes towards preferences of products buying online or offline (i.e. . The total respondent for this study is 100. Primary data is collected by using the simple questionnaire methods among college students in and around. Basic percentage analysis is done to know about the percentages of respondents wish to choose the products online or offline. SPSS 17.0 statistics tool is used for the analysis purposes. It is postulated that online and offline products influence brand equity, image, value, awareness, variety, offers. Cross tabulation and Chi square analysis is done to find the percentage and find is there any significance difference between the factors. The main purpose of the study is determine the young age people that what they prefer either online or offline to choose their products to get purchased and their way showing interest in choosing in online shopping.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-20\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Prasanth<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, School of Management Studies (SMS), Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam , Tamil Nadu<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. M. Antonyraj<\/strong><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, School of Management Studies (SMS), Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam , Tamil Nadu<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Kennedy, G. (2000) \u2018E-commerce: the taming of the Internet in China\u2019, The China Business Review, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.34<br \/>\r\n[2]. Webb A., Einhora, B. and Engardio, P. (2000) \u2018China\u2019 stangled web\u2019, Business Week, 17 July.[6].<br \/>\r\n[3]. Williamson, O.E. (1979) \u2018Transaction cost economics: the governance of contractual relations\u2019, Journal of Law and Economics.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Williamson, O.E. (1996) \u2018Economic organization: the case of Candor\u2019, Academy of Management Review.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Liang, T.P. and Huang, J.S. (1998) \u2018An empirical study on consumer acceptance of products in electronic markets: a transaction cost model\u2019, Decision Support Systems.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Eastlick, M.A. and Feinberg, R.A. (1999) \u2018Shopping motives for mail catalog shopping \u2019,Journal of Business Research<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">A. Prasanth, J. M. Antonyraj &#8220;Comparative Study of Online Vs Offline Shopping of Electronic Products&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.16-20 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/16-20.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/16-20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/comparative-study-of-online-vs-offline-shopping-of-electronic-products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Comparative Study of Online Vs Offline Shopping of Electronic Products<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b359 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a2b359\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b436 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2b436\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b5ba\" data-id=\"5a2b5ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2b6d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2b6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c2b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2c2b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c347 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2c347\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c4a7\" data-id=\"5a2c4a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c5bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2c5bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Impacts of Rural Electrification in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ubani Princewill, John Baris Dekor, Neebee Bonny &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 21-26<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c655 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2c655\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c7ae\" data-id=\"5a2c7ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2c8dc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a2c8dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the impacts of rural electrification project in omuma local government area of rivers state Nigeria. strongly, the analysis addressed two unambiguous objectives; to determine the impacts of rural electrification on land uses, explore the relationship between rural electrification and poverty eradication, and evaluate the variation of rural electrification impact across the communities. The structured questionnaire method was adopted for information achievement across the rural communities whereas Pearson product moment Correlation coefficient and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were the analytical or methodical tools pragmatic for data analysis. The examination revealed that land use activities: commercial, industrial, institutional and residential were positively impacted by the rural electrification in omuma local government. Discovered that there was a strong relationship between household income of (R = 0.44, p&lt;.05),employment (R= 0.46, p&lt;.05) and rural electrification. The investigation additionally shown that there was a significant difference (p&lt; 001) of rural electrification impact across the communities. It is the utmost view of the research that since rural electrification impact differs across the communities, town planning authority and town planners in private and consultancy services should take cognizance of this when planning and allotting of various developmental land use activities across the communities. Specific town planning policies and programs should also focused on employment and income generation to decline poverty in the area.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 21-26\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ubani Princewill<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro &#8211; Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Baris Dekor<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro &#8211; Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Neebee Bonny<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken Saro &#8211; Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. Adriaan, Z.(2003)\u2019\u2019 The challenge of rural electrification\u2019\u2019 Energy for Sustainable 7(1) 69-76.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Carl, K., and Price, F. (2015) \u2018\u2019The Impact of the Rural Electrification Administration between 1935\u20131940\u2019\u2019 The Journal of Economic History 75 (4) 1161-1195.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Girma, T., Girmay, B., Dereje, T., (2015)\u2019\u2019Impact of Rural Electrification on Poverty Reduction Evidence from Rural Districts of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia\u2019\u2019 Journal of Business Management &amp; Social Sciences Research 4 (1).<br \/>\r\n[4]. Gunther, B., Jochen, K., and J\u00f6rg Peters (2011)\u2019\u2019Impacts of rural electrification in Rwanda\u2019\u2019 Journal of Development Effectiveness 3 ( 4) 567-588.<br \/>\r\n[5]. G.D.Kamalapura R.Y.Udaykumar (2011)\u2019\u2019Rural electrification in India and feasibility of Photovoltaic Solar Home Systems\u2019\u2019 international journal of electrical power and energy system 33(3)594-599.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Joshua, L., and Edson, S. (2017)\u2019\u2019 Short- and Long-run Impacts of Rural Electrification on Local Economies of US\u2019\u2019 Monograph of Carnegie Mellon University and University of Montreal.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Marcio, G., Pereiraa, M. A., Vasconcelos, F.N., and Fidelisda. S.( 2010)\u2019\u2019Rural electrification and energy poverty; empirical evidence from brazil\u2019\u2019 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (4) 1229-124.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Njeri, W.M.D. (2001) \u2018\u2019Socio-economic impacts of rural electrification in Namibia: comparisons between grid, solar and electrified households\u2019\u2018 Energy for Sustainable Development 5 ( 3) 5-13.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Peters, J. and M. Sievert (2015)\u2019\u2019Impacts of rural electrification revisited \u2013 the African context\u2019\u2019 Journal of Development Effectiveness 8(3)327-345.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Paula Borges da Silveira Bezerra, Camila Ludovique Callegari, Aline Ribas, Andr\u00e9 F P Lucena, Joana Portugal-Pereira, Alexandre Koberle, Alexandre Szklo and Roberto Schaeffer).(2017 )\u2019\u2019 \u2018\u2019 Environmental Research Letters ( 12) 9.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Peter, M.,and Jonas,T.(2008)\u2019\u2019 Rural electrification in an imperfect world: A case study from Mozambique\u2019\u2019 Energy Policy 36 (8) 2785-2794.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Santosh Kumar and Ganesh Rauniyar (2018)\u2019\u2019The impact of rural electrification on income and education: Evidence from Bhutan\u2019\u2019 Review of Development Economics 22 ( 3) 1146-1165.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Shahidur R.K., Douglas, F. B., and Hussain, A. S. (2012) The Welfare Impacts of Rural Electrification in Bangladesh\u2019\u2019 The Energy Journal 33 (1) 187- 192.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Shahidur R. Khandker, Douglas F. Barnes, and Hussain A. Samad (2013) &#8220;Welfare Impacts of Rural Electrification: A Panel Data Analysis from Vietnam,&#8221; Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, 61(3) 659-692.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Snigdha, C.,Subhendu, C.(2002)\u2019\u2019 Rural electrification programme with solar energy in remote region\u2013a case study in an island\u2019\u2019 Energy Policy 30 (1) 33-42.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Shahidur, R., Khandker, H. A., Samad, R.A, and Douglas, F. B.(2012) Who Benefits Most from Rural Electrification? Evidence in India , Paper prepared for presentation at the Agricultural and Applied Economics.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Victor, B., and Benjamin, P.(2016)\u2019\u2019 can rural electrification stimulate the local economy? Constraints and prospects in south-east Mali (15) 20-2.<br \/>\r\n[18]. \u2019\u2019Time use impacts of rural electrification: Longitudinal evidence from Guatemalan\u2019\u2019 journal of economic development 135(C)304-317.<br \/>\r\n[19]. Ubani, Adiele and Neebee (2019)\u2018\u2019An Assessment of Socio-Economic Benefits of Improved Rural Road in A Nigeria L.G.A\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) 13 (6) 25-31.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ubani Princewill, John Baris Dekor, Neebee Bonny &#8220;Impacts of Rural Electrification in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.21-26 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/21-26.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/21-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/impacts-of-rural-electrification-in-omuma-local-government-area-of-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impacts of Rural Electrification in Omuma Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2d665 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a2d665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2da70 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2da70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2dbc2\" data-id=\"5a2dbc2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2dcd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2dcd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e05f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2e05f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e1b6\" data-id=\"5a2e1b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e2bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2e2bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e3fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2e3fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e5a8\" data-id=\"5a2e5a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e6ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a2e6ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Development Plans and Policies in Nigeria: Observed Impediments and Practical Best Alternatives<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Uche, Emmanuel &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 27-36<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e764 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a2e764\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a2e8f1\" data-id=\"5a2e8f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2ea27 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a2ea27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Since gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria had explored four 5-year development plans, one structural adjustment programme, two 3-year rolling plans, four visions and strategies including the recently lunched Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP). There seem to be an endless search for the best strategy for her developmental purposes as the country is still wandering around and manipulating all sorts of developmental initiatives. It is utterly disappointing that all the various planning initiatives the country had adopted had not delivered the much expected results rather the country is still battling with mounting developmental challenges. There is widespread poverty, hunger, unemployment, illiteracy, diseases, decaying and dilapidated infrastructures, excessive debt burden, among other things in the country. The study relied heavily on secondary source of information as it took a critical look at those factors responsible for the development planning failures as experienced in Nigeria. We identified factors like corruption, policy inconsistency\/policy summersaults, lack of commitment towards implementation, over reliance on external doctrines, etc as some of the clogs on the wheel of Nigeria development. We recommend therefore, that governance in Nigeria must reflect the attribute of a going-concern (a continuum) and not of personal initiatives that can be jettisoned at any moment; secondly, a home-grown developmental strategy devoid of external dictates must be initiated and implemented to take Nigeria out of its present situation.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 27-36\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 20 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uche, Emmanuel <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. 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An Introduction to Principles, Problems and Policies for Development. London: Longman Group Limited.<br \/>\r\n[47]. Tordoff, W. (1993). Government and policies in Africa. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[48]. Ugwu, C. E. (2009). The imperatives of national development programmes harmonization in Nigeria: Vision 2020, Millennium Development Goals and Seven Point Agenda. Nigerian Journal of Public Administration and Local Government, XIV(2)200-216.<br \/>\r\n[49]. UNDP (2008). Human Development Report. New York: UNDP.<br \/>\r\n[50]. World Bank (2010). World Development Report, World Bank, Washington D. C.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Uche, Emmanuel &#8220;Development Plans and Policies in Nigeria: Observed Impediments and Practical Best Alternatives&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.27-36 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/27-36.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" 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(HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/development-plans-and-policies-in-nigeria-observed-impediments-and-practical-best-alternatives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Development Plans and Policies in Nigeria: Observed Impediments and Practical Best Alternatives<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a2f808 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a2f808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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elementor-element-5a304ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a304ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3060a\" data-id=\"5a3060a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a30717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a30717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a307bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a307bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a308ff\" data-id=\"5a308ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a309fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a309fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a30a9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a30a9e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a30c03\" data-id=\"5a30c03\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a30d0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a30d0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Uptake of Bilateral Tubal Ligation as a Contraceptive Option at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki over a Four Year Period<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Darlington-Peter Chibuzor UGOJI, Fidelis Agwu ONU, Obiora Godfrey ASIEGBU, Uzoma Maryrose AGWU, Ugochi Chimerem UGOJI, Chibueze Haggai NJOKU &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 37-40<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a30da1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a30da1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a31020\" data-id=\"5a31020\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a31173 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a31173\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: Family planning is one of the 12 pillars of reproductive health and bilateral tubal ligation(BTL) is a permanent method of family planning among females with low acceptance rate in Africa. It results in mechanical blocking or interruption of the fallopian tubes to prevent sperm from fertilizing the egg. This study aimed to document bilateral tubal ligation rates, indications and methods used at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki.<br \/>\r\nMethodology: This was a retrospective review of records from January 2012 to December 2015. The case files of all women who had bilateral tubal ligation were retrieved and reviewed. Data were retrieved, entered into a study proforma, reviewed and analyzed. The results were expressed using descriptive statistics.<br \/>\r\nResults: There was a total of 31 cases of bilateral tubal ligations(2.1%) out of the 1460 new acceptors of contraception within the study period. It were commonest among parturient aged 20\u201329years (41.4%), grandmultipara (72.4%), rural dwellers (75.9%), farmers (51.7%) and those with no formal education (38.1%). The commonest indication for bilateral tubal ligation was ruptured uterus (79.3%). Modified Pomeroy\u2019s technique (75.9%) was the commonest method of tubal sterilization and majorly (79.3%) bilateral tubal ligation was done during laparotomy as a component of management of ruptured uterus. No complication specific to tubal ligation was noted.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: Most of the bilateral tubal ligations were medically (Obstetrics) indicated and uptake was low compared to other forms of contraception.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 37-40\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Darlington-Peter Chibuzor UGOJI <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fidelis Agwu ONU <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obiora Godfrey ASIEGBU <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Uzoma Maryrose AGWU <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugochi Chimerem UGOJI <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Nursing, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chibueze Haggai NJOKU <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross Rivers State<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Mutihir JT, Nyango DD. Quarter of a Century of Female Sterilization in Jos, Central Nigeria. Afri J of Rep Health. 2011; 15(1): 101-106<br \/>\r\n[2]. Omole-Ohonsi A ,Attah RA, Umoru UJ. Bilateral Tubal Ligation at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital: A Five Year Review. Pioneer Med Journal. 2014; 4(7):1-17<br \/>\r\n[3]. Zurawin RK, Rivlin ME. Tubal sterilization. Medscape. Updated Jan 22, 2015. accessed sep 14,2016<br \/>\r\n[4]. Braaten KP, Steinauer J, Falk SJ. Overview of female sterilization. Uptodate. last updated sep 12, 2016. accessed sep 14,2016<br \/>\r\n[5]. Egede JO, Onoh RC, Umeora OUJ, Iyoke CA, Dimejesi IBO, Lawani LO. Contraceptive prevalence and preference in a cohort of south\u2013east Nigerian women Patient Prefer Adherence. Dovepress. 2015; 9: 707\u2013714.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Swende TZ, Hwande TS. Female sterilization by tubal ligation at caesarean section in Makurdi, Nigeria. Annals of Afri Med. 2010; 9(4): 246-50.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Geidam AD, Kanem KS. Failed bilateral tubal ligation; a rare but real phenomenon \u2013 Case report. Journal of Med Sci. 2013;(7): 27-30<br \/>\r\n[8]. Adeyemi AS, Adekanle DA, Komolafe JO. Pattern of Contraceptives Choice among the Married Women Attending the Family Planning Clinic of a Tertiary Health Institution. Nig J of Med. 2008; 17(1): 67-70.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Nwogu-Ikojo EE, Ezegwui HU, Nweze SO. Sterilization by Minilaparotomy in South-Eastern Nigeria. Afri J of Rep Health. 2009; 13(4): 105-112<br \/>\r\n[10]. Rudzik AEF, Leonard SH, Sievert LL. Determinants of Tubal Ligation in Puebla,Mexico. Women &amp; Health.2011; 51(4): 365-382.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Chigbu B, Onwere S, Aluka C, Kamanu C, Okoro O, Feyi-Waboso P. Contraceptive choices of women in rural south-eastern Nigeria. Nig J of Clinical Practice. 2010; 13(2): 195-199<br \/>\r\n[12]. Udigwe GO, Udigwe BI, Ikechebelu JI. Contraceptive practice in a teaching hospital in south-east Nigeria. J of Obstet &amp; Gynaeco. 2002; 22(3): 308-311<br \/>\r\n[13]. Mutihir JT , Aisien AO , Ujah IA . A review of bilateral tubal ligation at caesarean section in Jos, Nigeria. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2007; 14(3): 252-255.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Hudson CN, Setchell ME. Sterilisation operation. In: Howkins J (ed) Shaws\u2019s textbook of operative gynaecology 6th edition. India: Elsevier, a division of reed Elsevier, Ltd 2004, pp. 181 \u2013 186.<br \/>\r\n[15]. A Musari. Much ado about educationally less developed states, Abuja. The Guardian Nigeria, https:\/\/guardian.ng\/features\/much-ado-about-educationally-less-developed-states\/, 2016<br \/>\r\n[16]. Ezegwui HU,Onoh RC, Ikeako LC, Onyebuchi A, Umeorah J, Ezeonu P, Ibekwe P. Investigating Maternal Mortality in a Public Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013;3:77 &#8211; 80<br \/>\r\n[17]. Umeora OU, Esike CO, Egwuatu VE. Maternal mortality in rural Nigeria. Int J Gyneco Obstet 2005;88(3):321-322.<br \/>\r\n[18]. Adekanle DA, Afolabi AF, Adeyemi AS. Terminal fertility control: Clients\u2019 own reason for the choice of the contraceptive method. Open J of Obstet &amp; Gynecol. 2013; 3: 706-709<br \/>\r\n[19]. Mahadevappa K, Prasanna N, Channabasappa RA. Trends of Various Techniques of Tubectomy: A Five Year Study in a Tertiary Institute. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10(1): 4-74.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Roberts AO, Obajimi GO. An audit of interval female sterilisation by minilaparotomy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Obstet &amp; Gynaecol. 2013; 33(4) : 403-405 .<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Darlington-Peter Chibuzor UGOJI, Fidelis Agwu ONU, Obiora Godfrey ASIEGBU, Uzoma Maryrose AGWU, Ugochi Chimerem UGOJI, Chibueze Haggai NJOKU &#8220;Uptake of Bilateral Tubal Ligation as a Contraceptive Option at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki over a Four Year Period&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp. 37-40 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/37-40.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/37-40.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/uptake-of-bilateral-tubal-ligation-as-a-contraceptive-option-at-alex-ekwueme-federal-university-teaching-hospital-abakaliki-over-a-four-year-period\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Uptake of Bilateral Tubal Ligation as a Contraceptive Option at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki over a Four Year Period<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a31f7b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a31f7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a32671 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a32671\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a327c0\" data-id=\"5a327c0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a328ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a328ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a32962 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a32962\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a32c63\" data-id=\"5a32c63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a32d9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a32d9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a32e4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a32e4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a32fbf\" data-id=\"5a32fbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a330cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a330cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Application of Geospatial Technology in Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Degradation in Kuje Area Council, Abuja Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abakpa D. Ibrahim and Sunday P. Ejaro &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 41-49<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a33173 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a33173\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a332dc\" data-id=\"5a332dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a333fb elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a333fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The level of Urbanization in Kuje Area Council in the last thirty (30) years has degraded the vegetation cover. This study used geospatial technology to assess the impact of urban growth on the vegetation cover between 1985 and 2015. The images of different epochs (1985, 1999 and 2015) were classified into built-up area, cultivated area, vegetation cover and bare land. This was carried out using ARC GIS 10.1, ILWIS 9.1 and ERDAS softwares for data generation and analysis. The result indicates that built-up area increased by (18.85%) and bare land increased by (10.26%) between 1985 and 2015 while vegetation cover and cultivated land were decreased by (-16.68%) and (12.44%). The study further recommend the urgent need to carry out the Master Plan Review to secure the vegetative land cover, particularly the forest lands which have been greatly encroached by urbanization. The government should encourage environmental sustainable programmes that will foster forest development, urban agriculture and other urban expansion processes in Kuje Area Council.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 41-49\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abakpa D. Ibrahim <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sunday P. Ejaro <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversity of Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Abere S. A. (2011), Cause and Effect of Deforestation, Department of Forestry and Environment, River State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, proceedings of the 1st International Technology, Education and Environment conference, African Society of Science Research Human Resources Management Academic Research Society 910<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ablett E, Bellizzi D, Bowse R, Byers J, Cove S, Dobrusin M, FREY A, HankeJ, Koopmans R, Newcomb J, and Snitzer C (2005), why do trees matters. http:\/\/www.myp-tech.wkispaces.com<br \/>\r\n[3]. Adeniyi, P.O. and Omojala A. (1999), Land use Landcover Change, evaluation in Sokoto-Rima Basin of North Western Nigeria, Africa association of Remote Sensing of the environment (AARSE) on Geo-information Technology Application for resource and environmental management in Africa. Pp 143-172.<br \/>\r\n[4]. Aweda E. D. and Adeyewa Z. D. (2011), Inter annual Variation of Vegetation Anomaly Over Nigeria using Satellite Derive Index, Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, Advances in Applied Sciences Research , (2011), 2 (3): 468-475, Pelagia Research Library.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Balogun E. E, and Salami A. T, (2006), Monitory Deforestation and Implementations for Biodiversity using Data from Nigeria sat-1 and other Satellites, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ejaro, S. P. (2008), Analysis of land use and land cover change in the FCT using Multi-temporal satellite Data. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Abuja.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Ejaro, S. P. (2009), Urbanization and Land cover Change in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Issues and Changes for Sustainable Development. Journal of Economic and Allied Field. Vol4, Pp14-17<br \/>\r\n[8]. Helen U. A. (2015), Analysis of vegetation change in Gwagwalada Area Council. Unpublished MSc dissertation, Department of Geography and Environmental management, University of Abuja.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Ishaya S. and Ifatimehhin, O.O., (2009), Application of Remote sensing and GIS Technique in maping farm areas in a part of Abuja, Nigeria:A m-E urasian Journals of Sustainable. Agriculture. 3(1):37-44<br \/>\r\n[10]. Strvasta, S K and Gupta, R. D. (2005), Monitoring of Change in Land Use\/Land Cover Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Data.Available on-line at http:\/\/www.gisdevelopment\/application\/environment\/overview.<br \/>\r\n[11]. United Nation\u2019s Environmental Programme (2011), Forest in a green economy: asynthesis. http:\/\/www.unep.org\/yearbook\/2011projectfdf1s<br \/>\r\n[12]. Ujoh f., Kwabe I. and ifatimehin O. (2010), Urban Expansion and Vegetal Cover loss in and around Nigeria\u2019s Fedral Capital City.Journal of Nigerian Institute of Town Planners Vol2 Pp2134-2142<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abakpa D. Ibrahim and Sunday P. Ejaro &#8220;Application of Geospatial Technology in Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Degradation in Kuje Area Council, Abuja Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.41-49 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/41-49.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/41-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/application-of-geospatial-technology-in-assessing-the-impact-of-urbanization-on-vegetation-degradation-in-kuje-area-council-abuja-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Application of Geospatial Technology in Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Vegetation Degradation in Kuje Area Council, Abuja Nigeria <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a341a2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a341a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a34290 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a34290\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a343fc\" data-id=\"5a343fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a34530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a34530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a345d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a345d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a34730\" data-id=\"5a34730\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3483b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3483b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a348e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a348e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a34a3b\" data-id=\"5a34a3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a34b3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a34b3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a34bd7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a34bd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a34d37\" data-id=\"5a34d37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a34e4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a34e4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Degradation of Cellulose by Rumen Bacteria from Migratory Goats of North West Himalayan Region<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Kavita Rana, Birbal Singh, S.S. Kanwar &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 50-57<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a34ee8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a34ee8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3504f\" data-id=\"5a3504f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a35181 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a35181\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Total 54 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rumen of migratory goats of Himachal Pradesh. However, two isolates (CDB 2 and CDB 4) showed maximum enzymatic activity. The isolate CDB 2 showed maximum enzymatic activity at pH 7.0, temperature 40\u00b0C, incubation time 96h and yeast extract as the nitrogen source, whereas, isolate CDB 4 showed maximum activity at pH 7.0, temperature 50\u00b0C, incubation time 96h and peptone as the nitrogen source. The isolate CDB 2 was identified as <i>Megasphaera<\/i> species and CDB 4 as <i>Prevotella<\/i> species on the basis of Bergey\u2019s manual of systematic classification<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 50-57\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kavita Rana<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HP KVV, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Birbal Singh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>S.S. Kanwar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HP KVV, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Belanche A, Doreau M, Edwards JE, Moorby JM, Pinloche E, et al. 2012. Shifts in the rumen microbiota due to the type of carbohydrate and level of protein ingested by dairy cattle are associated with changes in rumen fermentation. Journal of Nutrition. 142: 1684\u20131692.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Bhat MK and Bhat S. 2000.Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology.Biotechnology Advances18: 355\u2013383<br \/>\r\n[3]. Bryant MP. 1973. Nutritional requirements of the predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria. Federation Proceedings. 32:1809-13<br \/>\r\n[4]. Chandra M, Kalra A, Sangwan NS, Gaurav SS, Darokar MP.2009. Development of a mutant of Trichoderma citrinoviride for enhance production of cellulases. Bioresource Technology 100:1659-1662<br \/>\r\n[5]. Dehority and Scott. 1965. Vitamin requirement of rumen bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology.89: 1169\u20131175<br \/>\r\n[6]. Dillon RJ and Dillon VM.2004. The gut bacteria of insects non-pathogenic interaction.Annual Review of Entomology. 49: 71\u201392<br \/>\r\n[7]. Dougal K, Harris PA, Edwards A, Pachebat JA, Blackmore TM, et al. 2012. A comparison of the microbiome and the metabolome of different regions of the equine hindgut.FEMS Microbiology<br \/>\r\n[8]. Flint HJ, Bayer EA, Rincon MT, Lamed R, White BA .2008. Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria: potential for new insights from genomic analysis. Nature Reviews Microbiology.6: 121\u2013131<br \/>\r\n[9]. GhoseTk. 1987. Measurement of cellulase activities.Pure and applied chemistry.59:257-268<br \/>\r\n[10]. Gupta P, Samant K and Sahu A. 2011.Isolation of cellulose degrading bacteria and determination of their cellulolytic potential.International Journal of Microbiology.2012:1-6<br \/>\r\n[11]. Haitjema, C. H., Gilmore, S. P., Henske, J. K., Solomon, K. V., De Groot, R., Kuo, A., &#8230; &amp;Chiniquy, J. (2017). A parts list for fungal cellulosomes revealed by comparative genomics. Nature microbiology, 2(8), 17087.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Hegarty, RS. 1999. Reducing rumen methane emissions through elimination of rumen protozoa.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research .50:1321- 1328<br \/>\r\n[13]. Hess MA, Sczyrba, Egan R, Kim TW, Chokhawala H, Schroth G, Luo S, Clark DS. Chen T Z F, Mackie RI, Pennacchio LA, Tringe SG, Visel A, Woyke T, Wang Z, and Rubin EM. 2011. Metagenomic discovery of biomass- degrading genes and genomes from cow rumen. Science(New York, NY) 331:463-467<br \/>\r\n[14]. Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, Williams ST. 1994. Bergey\u2019s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th Ed. Williams &amp; Wilkins, Baltimore, MS, USA.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Koeck DE, Koellmeier T, Zverlov VV, Liebl W, Schwarz WH. 2015. Differences in biomass degradation between newly isolated environmental strains of Clostridium thermocellum and heterogeneity in the size of the cellulosomalscaffoldin.Systematic and Applied Microbiology. (in press).<br \/>\r\n[16]. Koeck DE, Pechtl A, Zverlov VV, Schwarz WH. 2014. Genomics of cellulolytic bacteria.Current Opinion in Biotechnology.29:171-83<br \/>\r\n[17]. Lu Y, Zhang YHP and Lynd LR.2006. Enzyme-microbe synergy during cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103:16165\u201316169<br \/>\r\n[18]. Mahanta K, Jha DK, Rajkhowa DJ, Kumar M. 2014. Isolation and evaluation of native cellulose degrading microorganisms for efficient bioconversion of weed biomass and rice straw. Journal Environmental Biology. 35: 721-725<br \/>\r\n[19]. Mawadza C, Hatti-Kaul R, Zvauya R, Mattiasson B. Purification and characterization of cellulases produced by two Bacillus strains. J Biotechnol 2000; 83: 177\u2013187.<br \/>\r\n[20]. Miller TL. 1959. Biogenic sources of methane. In Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane. Nitrogen Oxides, and Halomethanes, ed. JE Rogers, WB Whitman, pp. 175-87. Washington. DC: Am. Soc. Microbiol.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Pointing SB. 1999.Qualitative methods for the determination of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by tropical fungi.Fungal diversity 2:17-33<br \/>\r\n[22]. Saha BC. Production, purification and properties of endoglucanase from a newly isolated strain of Mucorcircinelloides.Process Biochem 2004; 39: 1871\u20131876.<br \/>\r\n[23]. Schwarz WH. 2001. The cellulosome and cellulose degradation by anaerobic bacteria.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.56:634\u2013649<br \/>\r\n[24]. Sethi S and Gupta S. 2014.Optimization of cultural parameters for cellulase enzyme production from fungi.Biolife.2(3):989-996<br \/>\r\n[25]. ShankarT, Mariappan V and IsaiarasuL.2011. Screening Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Mid-Gut of the Popular Composting Earthworm, Eudriluseugeniae (Kinberg). World Journal of Zoology 6 (2):142-148<br \/>\r\n[26]. Sharma, D., Mal, G., Kannan, A., Bhar, R., Sharma, R., &amp; Singh, B. (2017a). Degradation of euptox A by tannase\u2010producing rumen bacteria from migratory goats. Journal of applied microbiology, 123(5), 1194-1202.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Sharma, S. A., Sharma, D., Rana, K., Kanwar, S. S., Mal, G., &amp; Singh, B. (2017b). Isolation and characterization of fibrolytic enzymes from sheep rumen bacteria. International Journal of Probiotics &amp; Prebiotics, 12(4).<br \/>\r\n[28]. Singh, B., Bhat, T. K., Kurade, N. P., &amp; Sharma, O. P. (2008).Metagenomics in animal gastrointestinal ecosystem: a microbiological and biotechnological perspective. Indian journal of microbiology, 48(2), 216-227.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Singhania RR, Sukumaran RK, Patel AK, Larroche C, Pandey A. 2010. Advancement and comparative profiles in the production tehnologies using solid-state and submergerd fermentation for microbial cellulase enzyme.Microbiological technology.46:541-549<br \/>\r\n[30]. Sung HG, Kobayashi Y, Chang J, Ha A, Hwang H and Ha JK. 2007. Low Ruminal pH Reduces Dietary Fiber Digestion via Reduced Microbial Attachment. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences.20(2): 200 \u2013 207<br \/>\r\n[31]. Tajima K, Aminov RI, Nagamine T, Matsui H, Nakamura M, et al. 2001. Diet- dependent shifts in the bacterial population of the rumen revealed with real-time PCR. Applied Environmental Microbiology.67: 2766\u20132774<br \/>\r\n[32]. Yin L, Lin H, Xiao Z. Purification and characterization of a cellulase from Bacillus subtilis YJ1. J Marine SciTechnol 2010; 18:466-471.<br \/>\r\n[33]. Yin LJ, Huang PS, Lin HH.Isolation of Cellulase-Producing Bacteria and Characterization of the Cellulase from the Isolated Bacterium CellulomonasSp. YJ5.J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:9833\u20139837.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Kavita Rana, Birbal Singh, S.S. Kanwar &#8220;Degradation of Cellulose by Rumen Bacteria from Migratory Goats of North West Himalayan Region&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.50-57 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/50-57.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/50-57.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/degradation-of-cellulose-by-rumen-bacteria-from-migratory-goats-of-north-west-himalayan-region\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Degradation of Cellulose by Rumen Bacteria from Migratory Goats of North West Himalayan Region<br \/>\r\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a36066 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a36066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a36eef\" data-id=\"5a36eef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a36ff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a36ff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a37093 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a37093\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a371db\" data-id=\"5a371db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a372dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a372dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a37375 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a37375\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a374db\" data-id=\"5a374db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a375fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a375fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Spatial Disparity Analysis of Fire Station Distribution in Lagos, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nicholas W. Eghagha &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 58-66<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a376a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a376a0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a37822\" data-id=\"5a37822\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a37963 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a37963\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9451\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The spatial extent at which world cities have sprawled outside their original boundaries, has shown the limitations urban facilities have in meeting with the increased demand and service area. This has led to the question of spatial justice and equity with respect to access to these amenities. But the case for developing cities like Lagos is more drastic, where new sets of questions are emerging all together with a predominance of uneven location and distribution of public services and facilities. The study examined the spatial distribution of fire service facilities in Lagos, to highlight the disparity in their distribution. Using web mapping API query, descriptive analysis and correlation analysis, the study proceeded to establish a relationship between the income characteristics of settlements and the spatial location and distribution of fire service facilities in Lagos. The result showed that there exists a strong correlation between the affluence level of neighbourhoods and the location of fire stations in Lagos. The study recommended the need for social equality and evenness in the distribution of fire services facilities in Lagos, topromoteeven development and services availability acrossthe city, thus erasing social inequalities and evening out spatial differences.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 58-66\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9452\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9452\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nicholas W. Eghagha <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKocaeli University, Turkey<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9453\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9453\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Adeyinka, A. M. (2013). Spatial distribution, pattern and accessibility of urban population to health facilities in southwestern Nigeria: the case study of Ilesa. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 425.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Anderson, K and Pomfret, R (2005). Spatial inequality and development in Central Asia. United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research. Research Paper No.2004\/36, Helsinki.<br \/>\r\n[3]. Agboola, J. I. (2015). Urbanization and Environmental Degradation in Coastal Zones: Lagos City Case Study (Available Online on 2016-01-04). Retrieved 2019-01-03, from https:\/\/dokumen.tips\/download\/link\/urbanization-and-environmental-degradation-in-coastal-zones-lagos-city-case<br \/>\r\n[4]. Ajala, O. A., Sanni, L., &amp; Adeyinka, S. A. (2005). Accessibility to health care facilities: a panacea for sustainable rural development in Osun state southwestern, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 18(2), 121-128.<br \/>\r\n[5]. Alig, R. J., &amp; Healy, R. G. (1987). Urban and built-up land area changes in the United States: an empirical investigation of determinants. Land Economics, 63(3), 215-226.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Atser, J., &amp; Akpan, P. A. (2009). Spatial Distribution and Accessibility of Health Facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 2(2).<br \/>\r\n[7]. Buchm\u00fcller, W., Di Bari, P., &amp;Pl\u00fcmacher, M. (2005). Leptogenesis for pedestrians. Annals of Physics, 315(2), 305-351.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Corbacho, A., &amp; Osorio Rivas, R. (2012). Travelling the distance: a GPS-based study of the access to birth registration services in Latin America and the Caribbean (No. IDB-WP-307). IDB Working Paper Series.<br \/>\r\n[9]. Currie, J., &amp; Reagan, P. B. (2003). Distance to hospital and children&#8217;s use of preventive care: is being closer better, and for whom? Economic Inquiry, 41(3), 378-391.<\/p>\r\n<p>[10]. David, H., &amp; Davidson, M. (1973). Social justice and the city. Londres, Arnold.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Fabiyi, O. O., &amp;Ogunyemi, S. A. (2015). Spatial distribution and accessibility to post primary educational institution in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria: Case study of Yewa South local government area, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research &amp; Reports, 5(7), 542-552.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Florida State University (2007). Location Quotient Technique Planning Methods III: Forecasting, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, , Retrieved on December 3, 2007 from http:\/\/garnet.acns.fsu.edu\/~tchapin\/urp5261\/topics\/econbase\/lq.htm.<br \/>\r\n[13]. Fridstrom, L., Minken, H., Vold, A., 2001. The income distribution effect of road pricing: a modelling case study. European Transport Conference, Cambridge, UK.<br \/>\r\n[14]. Hugget, P., (1996). Modern combinative Geography In (Lorestani, A., Yaghoubpour, Z., &amp;Shirzadian, R. (2016). Analysis of spatial distribution of Tehran Metropolis urban services using models of urban planning. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 1(2), 83-92.)<br \/>\r\n[15]. Inobeme, J., &amp;Ayanwole, K. (2009). An assessment of the spatial distribution of government secondary schools in Zaria area, Kaduna State. Information Manager (The), 9(1).<br \/>\r\n[16]. Kondylis, F., &amp;Manacorda, M. (2012). School proximity and child Labor evidence from rural Tanzania. Journal of Human Resources, 47(1), 32-63.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Lagos Bureau of Statistic (2015). Demographic Dividend in Lagos State. Retrieved from 02\/012010 from https:\/\/mepb.lagosstate.gov.ng\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2017\/08\/Demographic-Dividend-in-Lagos-State-2015-1.pdf<br \/>\r\n[18]. Lagos Population. (2018-11-21). Retrieved 2019-01-03, from http:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/world-cities\/lagos\/<br \/>\r\n[19]. Lawanson, T. (2012). Poverty, Home Based Enterprises And Urban Livelihoods In The Lagos Metropolis. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 14 (4).<br \/>\r\n[20]. Lorestani, A., Yaghoubpour, Z., &amp;Shirzadian, R. (2016). Analysis of spatial distribution of Tehran Metropolis urban services using models of urban planning. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 1(2), 83-92.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Madu, I.A, (2007), The underlying factors of Rural Development Patterns in the Nsukka Region of Southeastern Nigeria, Journal of Rural and Community Development, 2:110-122.<br \/>\r\n[22]. Mustapha, O. O. O., Akintunde, O. S., Alaga, A. T., Badru, R. A., Ogbole, J. O., Samuel, P. O., &amp; Samuel, S. A. (2016). Spatial Distribution of Primary Schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research &amp; Reports. 9 (6): 1, 10.<br \/>\r\n[23]. National Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Federal Republic of Nigeria official gazette, States (National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census) No. 24, Vol. 94, 2007.<br \/>\r\n[24]. Nwakeze, N. M., &amp;Kandala, N. B. (2011). The spatial distribution of health establishments in Nigeria. African Population Studies, 25(2).<br \/>\r\n[25]. Ofosu, D. K. (2012). Assessing the spatial distribution of health facilities in the Eastern Region of Ghana.<br \/>\r\n[26]. Okafor, S. I. (1987). Inequalities in the distribution of health care facilities in Nigeria. AKHTAR Rais (\u00e9d.), Health and disease in tropical Africa: geographical and medical viewpoints, 383-401.<br \/>\r\n[27]. Onokerhoraye, A. G. (1999). Access and utilization of modern health care facilities in the petroleum producing region of Nigeria: The case of Bayelsa State. Research Paper, 162.<br \/>\r\n[28]. Owolabi, A. (2017). Increasing population, urbanization and climatic factors in Lagos State, Nigeria: The nexus and implications on water demand and supply. Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective, 11(2), 6.<br \/>\r\n[29]. Sharifi, A.N., (2006). Social justice and city: An analysis of regional inequalities in Ahvaz, Ph.D. Dissertation, Tehran University, Iran in\u201cLorestani, A., Yaghoubpour, Z., &amp;Shirzadian, R. 2016. Analysis of spatial distribution of Tehran Metropolis urban services using models of urban planning. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 1(2), 83-92\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[30]. Ujoh, F., &amp;Kwaghsende, F. (2014). Analysis of the spatial distribution of health facilities in Benue State, Nigeria. Public Health Research, 4(5), 210-218.<br \/>\r\n[31]. Umar, H. A., Isma\u2019il, M., Jaro, I. M., Wankata, W., &amp;Maiwada, A. (2016). Spatial Analysis of Distribution of Secondary Schools in Giwa Zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria IJSGS 2(4), 102-112.<br \/>\r\n[32]. Zhang PC (2009) Spatial structure analysis of land using based on lorenz\u2019s curve-take the second research data of Nanchang county as an example. Science Mosaic;(97):39\u201342.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9454\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9454\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nicholas W. Eghagha &#8220;A Spatial Disparity Analysis of Fire Station Distribution in Lagos, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.58-66 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/58-66.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9455\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9455\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/58-66.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9456\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9456\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-spatial-disparity-analysis-of-fire-station-distribution-in-lagos-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Spatial Disparity Analysis of Fire Station Distribution in Lagos, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a38888 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a38888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a394ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a394ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a39583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a39583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a396be\" data-id=\"5a396be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a397ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a397ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3986d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3986d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a399c8\" data-id=\"5a399c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a39ad4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a39ad4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Machining of Shape Memory Alloys through Different Non Conventional Machining Process<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Shivangi Paliwal, Dr. P.Sudhakar. Rao &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 67-70<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a39b6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a39b6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a39cd9\" data-id=\"5a39cd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a39dfc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a39dfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Shape Memory Alloys are highly advanced materials which have the capability to restore themselves with change in pressure, temperature etc. They have variety of applications in aerospace, defense, biomedical etc. In case of shape memory alloys, nitinol is most commonly used. The objective of this sort of research is to identify the type of machining required as wire EDM, laser cutting, EDM etc and also to study the effect of various critical parameters as voltage, pulse off time, pulse on time,current on material removal rate, electrode wear rate, surface roughness etc. Thus different machining are used so as to maintain surface integrity in case of shape memory alloy.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 67-70\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Shivangi Paliwal<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nM.E. Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering NITTTR, Chandigarh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. P.Sudhakar. Rao<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering NITTTR, Chandigarh, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. T W Dureig, K N Melton, D Stockel, C M Wayman, \u201c Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys\u201d, ISBN 0-750-61009-3,Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.,pp. 3-4,1990<br \/>\r\n[2]. Kush Mehta, Kapil Gupta, \u201cFabrication and Processing of Shape Memory Alloys\u201d, ISBN 978-3-319-99307-2, pp. 6-7, 2019<br \/>\r\n[3]. Arun D I, Chakravarthy P, Arockia Kumar R, Santosh B, \u201c Shape Memory Materials, ISBN 978-0-8153-5969-2,Taylor and Francis Gp., pp. 20-21, 2018<br \/>\r\n[4]. NewnhamR. &amp; Ruschaun, G.R., \u201cElectrochemical properties of smart materials\u201d, Journal of Intelligent Material System and structure, pp. 288-293,1993<br \/>\r\n[5]. Donald R. Askeland, Pradeep P.Phule, \u201cThe Science And Engineering of Materials\u201d, ISBN 0-534-55396-6,Cengage Learning, 5th Edition, pp 612-625, 2006<br \/>\r\n[6]. Ashwin Rao, A.R.Srinivasa, J.N.Reddy, \u201cDesign of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators\u201d, Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, pp 44-46, 2015<br \/>\r\n[7]. Leonardo Lecce &amp; Antonio Concilio, \u201cShape Memory Alloy Engineering\u201d, ISBN 978-0-08-099920-3,Elsevier Ltd.,pp. 31-35,2015<br \/>\r\n[8]. J.F. Liu, Y.B. Guo, T.M. Butler, M.L. Weaver, \u201cCrystallography, compositions, and properties of white layer by wire electrical discharge machining of nitinol shape memory alloy\u201d, Materials and Design, vol. 109, pp. 1-9, 2016<br \/>\r\n[9]. K.Weinert, V.Petzoldt, \u201cMachining of NiTi based shape memory alloys, Materials Science and Engineering 378-180\u2013184, 2003<br \/>\r\n[10]. Eun-Sang Lee,Tae-Hee Shin, Baek-Kyoum Kim and Seung-Yub Baek, \u201cInvestigation of Short Pulse Electrochemical Machining for groove process on NiTi shape memory alloy\u201d, International Journal of Precision Engineering &amp; Manufacturing, vol.11, pp.113-118,2010<br \/>\r\n[11]. M. Frotscher, F. Kahleyss, T. Simon, D. Biermann, G. Eggeler,\u201cAchieving Small Structures in Thin NiTi Sheets for Medical Applications with Water Jet and Micro Machining: A Comparison\u201d, JMEPEG 20:776\u2013782,2011<br \/>\r\n[12]. Eun Sang Lee, Tae Hee Shin, \u201cAn evaluation of the machinability of nitinol shape memory alloy by electrochemical polishing\u201d,Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25-4-963-969,2011<br \/>\r\n[13]. Saeed Daneshmand, Ehsan Farahmand Kahrizi, Esmail Abedi, M. Mir Abdolhosseini, \u201cInfluence of Machining Parameters on Electro Discharge Machining of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys\u201d, Int. J. Electrochemical. Sci., 8 -3095 \u2013 3104, 2013<br \/>\r\n[14]. M.Manjaiah, S.Narendranath, S.Basavarajappa, V.N. Gaitonde, \u201cWire electric discharge machining characteristics of titanium nickel shape memory alloy\u201d,Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24-3201-3209, 2014<br \/>\r\n[15]. J.F.Liu,Y.B.Guo, \u201cProcess Capability of Wire EDM of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy at main cut and trim cut codes\u201d, Vol 1, Procedia Manufacturing, pp. 904-914,2015<br \/>\r\n[16]. Tyau-Song Huang, Shy-Feng Hsieh, Sung-Long Chen, Ming-Hong Lin, Shih-Fu Ou, Wei-Tse Chang, \u201cSurface modification of TiNi-based shape memory alloys by dry electrical discharge machining\u201d, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,279-284,2015<br \/>\r\n[17]. M Manjaiah, S Narendranath, S Basavarajappa,V.N. Gaitonde, \u201cInvestigation on material removal rate, surface and subsurface characteristics in wire electro discharge machining of Ti50Ni50-x Cux shape memory alloy\u201d, J Materials: Design and Applications, 2015<br \/>\r\n[18]. Dr.V.B.Jaware, A.M.Takale, \u201cReview on EDM and Wire-EDM machining of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys\u201d,Vol. 3, Issue 1,2015<br \/>\r\n[19]. Abhinaba Roy, Narendranath S., \u201cStudy of Wire Electro Discharge Machining Accuracy of TiNiCu Shape Memory Alloys through Kerf Analysis\u201d, Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Precision, Meso, Micro and Nano Engineering,2017<br \/>\r\n[20]. Sagil James, Anurag Mahajan, \u201cExperimental Study of Machining of Smart Materials using Submerged Abrasive Water jet Micromachining Process\u201d, Proceedings of the ASME 13th InternationalManufacturing Science and Engineering Conference,2018<br \/>\r\n[21]. Neeraj Sharma, Kapil Gupta, Joao Paulo Davim, \u201cOn wire spark erosion machining induced surface integrity of Ni55.8Ti shape memory alloys\u201d, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol.19,Issue 3,2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shivangi Paliwal, Dr. P.Sudhakar. Rao &#8220;Machining of Shape Memory Alloys through Different Non Conventional Machining Process&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.67-70 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/67-70.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/67-70.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/machining-of-shape-memory-alloys-through-different-non-conventional-machining-process\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Machining of Shape Memory Alloys through Different Non Conventional Machining Process<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3acf2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a3acf2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3b379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3b379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3b419 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3b419\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3b563\" data-id=\"5a3b563\" data-element_type=\"column\" 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elementor-element-5a3b86f\" data-id=\"5a3b86f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3b972 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3b972\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ba14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3ba14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3bb5d\" data-id=\"5a3bb5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3bc63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3bc63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3bcf9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3bcf9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3be46\" data-id=\"5a3be46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3bf54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3bf54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3bfee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3bfee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3c145\" data-id=\"5a3c145\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3c25c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3c25c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Babatunde O. Binuyo, Feyisayo, O. Ogunrinde and Adekunle, O. Binuyo &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 71-76<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3c2f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3c2f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3c476\" data-id=\"5a3c476\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3c59d elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a3c59d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the impact of human capital development on economic growth in in Nigeria from 1988 to 2017. Secondary data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulleting covering a scope of 30 years (1980-2017) were used and the Ordinary Least Square Technique was used to analyse the data for purposes of testing the hypothesis. The study adopted real gross domestic product as the dependent variable while recurrent expenditure on health and recurrent expenditure on education were the independent variables.<br \/>\r\n\tThe Augmented Dickey-fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests were adopted to obtain the stationarity of the variables and the results showed all the variables were stationary at first difference.<br \/>\r\n In conclusion, the study showed that recurrent expenditure on health had a positive effect on economic growth while recurrent expenditure on education had a positive relationship on economic growth in Nigeria.<br \/>\r\nThe study therefore recommends that policy makers should strive to create institutional framework that increases school enrolment and improves basic healthcare services by strengthening the infrastructure of educational and health institutions that produce quality manpower.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 71-76\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Babatunde O. Binuyo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEconomics Department, Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Feyisayo, O. Ogunrinde <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEconomics Department, Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adekunle, O. Binuyo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration &#038; Marketing, School of Management Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdediran, I. A. (2014). Public investment in human capital and economic growth in Nigeria: analysis on regime shifts. Journal of Economics and Development Studies , 2(2), 213-231.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdejumo , O. O., &#038; Akintoye , A. V. (2017). An analysis of human capital development and productivity growth- case study, Nigeria. Journal Of Business Management, 61-84.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAdelakun, O. J. (2011). Human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management , 3(9), 29-37.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAdeyemi, P. A., &#038; Ogunsola, J. A. (2016, March). The impact of human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria: ARDL approach . Journal Of Humanities And Social Science , 21(3), 1-7.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAdnane , H., &#038; Abdelmounaim , L. (2015, July). Human capital development and economic growth in Morocco . International Journal of Education and Human Developments , 1(1), 49-73.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAli, I. G., Zalina, M. D., &#038; Maiza, H. A. (2014). Human capital dynamics of regional growth in nigeria: dynamic panel data approach. Sains Humanika, 2(2), 1-9.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tArabi, K. A., &#038; Abdalla, S. Z. (2013). The impact of human capital on economic growth: empirical evidence from Sudan . Research in World Economy , 4(2), 43-53.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tBecker, G.S (1975) Human Capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. 2nd Edition. New York: Columbia University Press<br \/>\r\n[9].\tBokhari, A.H (2017) Human Capital Investment and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: Error Correction Model International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4)<br \/>\r\n[10].\tEigbiremolen, G. O., &#038; Anaduaka , U. S. (2014, April). Human capital development and economic growth: the nigeria experience. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences , 4(4), 25-35.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tEnefiok, E. I., &#038; Sunday, E. I. (2014, September). The impact of human capital development and economic empowerment on the socio-economic development of Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Resource Management , 2(3), 37-44.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tIsola, W. A., &#038; Alani, R. A. (2013). Human capital development and economic growth: empirical evidence from Nigeria. Asian Economic and Financial Review , 2(7), 813-827.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tIyoboyi, M., &#038; Olarinde, M. (2014). An assessment of human capital development in Nigeria through the lens of education. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 35, 1-14.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMatthew, A. O. (2011). Human capital investment and economic growth in Nigeria: the role of education and health. Knowledge Management, Information Management, Learning Management, 266-277.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tMincer, J. (1981). Human capital and economic growth. National Bureau of Economic Research, 8(11), 1-28.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOdo , S. I., Eze, O. R., &#038; Onyeisi, S. O. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 4(3), 56-71.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOgujiuba, K. (2013). The impact of human capital formation on economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics, 4(2), 121-132.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOgunleye1, O. O., Owolabi, O. A., Sanyaolu, O.A., and Lawal, O.O (2017) Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in NigeriaIJRDO-Journal of Business Management.3(8)<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOluwatobi, S. O., &#038; Ogunrinola, O. I. (2011). Government expenditure on human capital development: implications for economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(3), 71-82.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOsoba, A.M, and Tella, S.A. Human Capital Variables and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Interactive Effect, EuroEconomic, 36 (1)<br \/>\r\n[21].\tRanis, G., &#038; Stewart, F. (1994). Decentralization in indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 3(5), 19-31<br \/>\r\n[22].\tShuaibu, M., &#038; Popoola, O. T. (2016). Human capital development dynamics in Africa: evidence from panel cointegration and causality in 33 countries. Applied Econometrics and International Development , 16(1), 116-131.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tTheodore. W. Schultz. (1960). Capital formation by education. Journal of Political Economy, 68(6), 571-583. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1829945<br \/>\r\n[24].\tAdam Smith (1776) Wealth of nations A Translation into Modern English, Industrial Systems Research, 2015 ISBN 978-0-906321-70-6[1]<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Babatunde O. Binuyo, Feyisayo, O. Ogunrinde and Adekunle, O. Binuyo &#8220;Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp. 71-76 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/71-76.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/71-76.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener 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Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3d418 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a3d418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3d851 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3d851\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3d9a6\" data-id=\"5a3d9a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3dab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3dab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3db55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3db55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3dc9b\" data-id=\"5a3dc9b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ddb3 elementor-widget 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e0a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3e0a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e14b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3e14b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e299\" data-id=\"5a3e299\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e39e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3e39e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e437 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3e437\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e57e\" data-id=\"5a3e57e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e68b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3e68b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e728 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3e728\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e88a\" data-id=\"5a3e88a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3e9a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a3e9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Histological Study of Effect of Ethanol Stem Extracts of Homalium Letestui on Thioacetamide &#8211; Induced Injury in Albino Rat, Using Various Staining Techniques<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Builders Modupe, Wazis Chama Haruna, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Musa Tabitha Lubo, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin  &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 77-85<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ea41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a3ea41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ebaa\" data-id=\"5a3ebaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ecdc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a3ecdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction\/Aim: Knowledge of the normal histology of the multitude of tissue types within the body is necessary for the recognition and understanding of disease. Proper staining and evaluation of tissue damage is essential in research. Homalium letestui is an evergreen tree. The plant has been of immense benefit to traditional users. A bark-decoction, combined with other medicinal plants, is taken by draught for orchitis, and bark-scrapings enter a prescription given to a newly-delivered woman. In this study the histological effect of the ethanol stem extract of Homalium lestetui on rat thioacetamide induced liver injury was carried out using H&amp;E and Gordon and Sweet silver impregnation Technique.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Method: Thirty six (36) rats where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline, group two served as thioacetamide group, group 3 received silymarin 100 mg\/mg, while group 4, 5 and 6 received 250, 500 and 750 mg\/kg of the extract respectively. On the 8<sup>th<\/sup> day the animals in group 2-6 were administered 200mg\/kg bw of thioacetamide dissolved in saline orally. Twenty hours later all animals were weighed again and sacrificed under light diethylether vapour. General staining procedure Hematoxylin and Eosin and the specific staining technique, Gordon and Sweet silver impregnation Technique were carried out on the liver. Haematological and chempathological investigation were also done.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Result: In H&amp;E stain, there was disorganization of the texture of hepatic cells with centrilobular necrosis, hyperplasia, vascular and cellular degeneration, polymorphonuclear aggregation, inflammation and fatty degeneration in the thioacetamide -treated rats. The liver sections of the rats treated with extract showed signs of protection as was evident by slight areas of vacuolation, cellular proliferation. Gordon and sweet impregnation technique showed portal trial degeneration while pretreated group revealed slight reticular fiber degeneration with much roughed fiber observed in the rats that received 750 mg\/kg dose of the extract. This result with other parameters carried out.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">Conclusion: result indicates that the plant may prevent or protect the liver architecture<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 77-85\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Builders Modupe<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wazis Chama Haruna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Bornu Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology and Thaerapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Tabitha Lubo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Opeyemi Tosin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBlack J. (2012). Microbiology: Principles and exploration. 8th ed. John Wiley Son. p. 68.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAubr\u00e9ville, A. (1959) De quelques C\u00e9salpini\u00e9es africaines. Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Botanique de France, 104, 495\u2013498.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBolza, E. &#038; Keating, W.G., 1972. African Timbers: The Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 species. Division of Building Research, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. 710 pp.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBouquet, A. and Debray, M. (1974). Medicinal Plant of the Ivory Coast. Trav Doc Orstom, 32. Pp 441.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tVerger, P. F.  (1967). Awon ewe Osanyin Yoruba. Medicinal Leaves, University of Ife. 3, No.3, pp 1238-1241.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tOkokon, J.E., Ahsana, D. F. and Mohammed, I.C. (2013). Cellular Antioxidative, Cytotoxic, and Antileishmanial Activities of Homalium letestui. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 3, 35\u201344.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tOkokon, J. E. and Nwafor, P. A. (2009). Antiulcer and Anticonvulsant Activities of Croton zambesicus.Pakistan Journal of  Pharmacological Sciences, 4, 384-390.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tOkokon, J.E., Antia, B.S. and Ita, B.N.(2007). Antidiabetic Effects of Homalium letestui (Flacourtiaceae) in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 1, 134\u2013138.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tOyepata Simeon Joseph, Jude e Okokon, Opeyemi tosin Joseph (2018). Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Advanced Herbal Medicine. 3(4): 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tOkokon, J. E. and Davies, K. (2014). Psychopharmacological Studies of Mammea africana Stem Bark Extract. The Journal of Phytopharmacology,3, 204\u2013213.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOkokon, J.E., Ita, B. and Udokpoh, A.E.(2006). Antiplasmodial Activity of Homalium letestui. Phytotherapy Research,20, 949\u2013951.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tOkokon, J. E, Okokon, P. J, Dar Farooq, A. and Choudhary, M. I.(2013). Anti-inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Homalium letestui. Pharmaceutical Biology. 1459-66.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tReitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957). Glutamic \u2013 Pyruvate Transaminase Assay by Colorimetric Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28, 56.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tGordon, H and Sweet, H.H.  (1936). A Simple Method for the Silver Impregnation of Reticulin. American Journal of Pathology, 15, 545 &#8211; 560.<br \/>\r\n[15].\t Chatterjee T. Herbal Options. 3rd edition. Calcutta, India: Books and Allied (P) Ltd; 2000. Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective properties; p. 135.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tHerbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. (2007). Stickel F, Schuppan D. Dig Liver Dis. 2007 Apr; 39(4):293-304.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tXin X, Cai-qin Q. (2008). Mechanisms of Drug-induced Liver Injury. Medical Recapitulate. Page 398-409.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tM\u00fcller, A., Machnik, F., Zimmermann, T. and Schubert, H. (1988). Thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis-like liver lesions in rats\u2014usefulness and reliability of this animal model.  Experimental Pathology, 34, 229\u2013236.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tBrandon, E., Schrum, L. W, Schmidt, C. M. and McKillop, I. H.  (2012). Rodent Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease of Mice and Men. Alcohol, 46, 715-25.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMuddasir, S., Rajinder, R., Pawan, A. S., Kumar, V. H., Verma, W.A and Payen, E. S. (2013). Hepatoprotective Mechanisms of Ageratum conyzoides L. on Oxidative Damage Induced by Acetaminophen in Wistar Rats. Human Experimental Toxicology, 65, 429 \u2013 437.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tTravlos, G.S., Morris, R.W., Elwell, M.R., Duke A., Resenblum, S. and Thompson, M.B. (1996). Frequency and Relationships of Clinical Chemistry and Liver and Kidney Histopathology Findings in 13-week Toxicity Studies in Rats. Toxicology, 107, 17\u201329.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tBartosz, G. (2000). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Cell Biology International. 24, 764 &#8211; 770.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tShapiro, H., Ashkenazi, M.,Weizman, N., Shahmurov,M., Aeed H. and Bruck R. (2006). Curcumin Ameliorates Acute Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 21(2). Pp. 521.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tDoi, K., Kurabe, S.,Shimazu,N. and Inagaki, M. (1991). Systemic Histopathology of Rats with CCl4-Induced Hepatic Cirrhosis, Laboratory Animals, 25,21-25.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tSicherer, S. and Sampson, H. A. (2010). Allergen and Immunological Consequences. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (22), 116-25.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tKumar, A. (2012). A Review on Hepatoprotective Herbal Drugs. International Journal of Reasearch in Pharmaceuticals, 2, 92-102.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tAlshawsh, M. A., Abdulla, M. A., Ismail, S. and Amin, Z. A. (2011). Hepatoprotective Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Extract on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. Evidence-Based Complement and Alternative Medicine, 6, 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tMurakami, Y., Hirata, A., Ito, S., Shoji, M., Tanaka, S., Yasui, T., Machino, M. and Fujisawa, S. (2007). Re-evaluation of Cyclooxygenase-2-inhibiting Activity of Vanillin and Guaiacol in Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide.Journal of Anticancer Research,27, 801-7.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tTyag, S. N., Rakshit, V., Singh, A., Raghvendra, P., Saxena, A. and Patel, B. D. (2010). In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Flacourtia indica Merr. American-Euras Journal of Science and Research, 5, 201\u2013206.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Builders Modupe, Wazis Chama Haruna, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Musa Tabitha Lubo, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin  &#8220;Histological Study of Effect of Ethanol Stem Extracts of Homalium Letestui on Thioacetamide &#8211; Induced Injury in Albino Rat, Using Various Staining Techniques&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.77-85 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/77-85.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/77-85.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/histological-study-of-effect-of-ethanol-stem-extracts-of-homalium-letestui-on-thioacetamide-induced-injury-in-albino-rat-using-various-staining-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Histological Study of Effect of Ethanol Stem Extracts of Homalium Letestui on Thioacetamide &#8211; Induced Injury in Albino Rat, Using Various Staining Techniques<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3fc11 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a3fc11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a40035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a40035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4018c\" data-id=\"5a4018c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4029e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4029e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a40338 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a40338\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4048c\" data-id=\"5a4048c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a405a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a405a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4063a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4063a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4077a\" data-id=\"5a4077a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a40888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a40888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a40922 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a40922\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a40a85\" data-id=\"5a40a85\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a40b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a40b8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Effects CD<sup>4+<\/sup> Counts and Viral Load on the Distribution and Coinfectivity of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> and Syphilis Infections among HIV Positive Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ezema, James Nnabuike, Dibua, Maria Esther &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 86-90<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a40c47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a40c47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a40dcc\" data-id=\"5a40dcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a40efa elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a40efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Objective: To investigate the effects of CD4<sup>+<\/sup> and viral loads of HIV on the distribution of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/em> and Syphylis infections among HIV-positive women in Nsukka, Enugu State.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Study Design: 100 HIV-seropositive women formed the test group while 100 HIV-seronegative women were used as control. Ethical clearance was obtained from the health facilities used. The study was carried out in Nsukka area of Enugu State, Nigeria, comprising urban, semi-urban and rural communities.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Methods: Plasma samples were used in the study. HIV antibodies were detected using the Determine (Alere, Japan) and the Gold (Trinity, Ireland). <em>C. trachomatis<\/em> and Syphilis antibodies were detected using CT IgG EIA kit (Xema, Russia) and Syphilis Ultra Rapid Test Strip Package Insert, (Global USA) respectively. CD4<sup>+<\/sup> counts were determined by cytometry (CyFlow\u00ae). HIV viral loads of the samples were determined using DNA amplification and hybridization protocol. Statistical significance was determined using SPSS 16.0.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Results: Single infection occurred at CD4<sup>+<\/sup> counts less than 500 cells\/\u00b5l, while pair-wise infection occurred at CD4<sup>+<\/sup> less than 400 cells\/\u00b5l. Pair-wise infection for the test group was observed at CD4<sup>+<\/sup> count less than 200 cells\/\u00b5l while that of control occurred at CD4<sup>+<\/sup> less than 400 cells\/\u00b5l. Similarly, viral loads of the CT-positive samples ranged from 106888 to 645243 copies\/ml while those of CT-negative samples in the same test group ranged from 1516 to 500217 copies\/ml.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion: Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) some of which present no immediate symptoms pose great public health challenge. <em>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/em>\/ Syphilis co-infection is a serious health condition in HIV patients. This particular research confirms the reports on <em>Chlamydia<\/em> epidemiology from other parts of the world and also confirms HIV status as a strong risk factor of the diseases. Incorporation of CT and Syphilis diagnosis and treatment in the management of HIV infection is necessary.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 86-90\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ezema, James Nnabuike<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dibua, Maria Esther<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAlexander, T. S. (1998). Absolute CD4 Counts Obtained by a Three-Color Flow-Cytometric       Method without the Use of a Hematology Analyzer. Clinaical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 5(2): 266\u2013269. PMCID: PMC121372<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAlvares-Travassos, A. G., Brites C., Netto, E. M., Fernandes, S. A., Rutherford, G. W. and Queiroz, C. M. (2012). Prevalence of Sexually-Transmitted Diseases Among HIV-infected Women in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 16(6) doi: org\/10.1016\/j.bjid<br \/>\r\n[3].\tApea-Kubi, A. K., Yamaguchi, S., Sakyi, B., Kisimoto, T., Ofori-Adeji, D. and Hagiwara, T. (2004) Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema palladium infection in antenatal and gynecological patients at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 57, 253-256.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBehrouz, T. B, Hossein, M., and Mohammad R. A., (2010).  Genotyping Prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis Strains involved in Cervical Infection in Women in Ahvaz, Iran. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 59(9): 1023 \u2013 1028<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBuchacz, K., Patel, P., Taylor, M., Kerndt, P. R., Byers, R. H., Holmberg, S. D. and Klausner, J. D. (2004). Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4+ counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infection.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCDC (2012). A guide to conducting your own youth risk behavior survey<br \/>\r\n[7].\tChun, H. M., Carpenter, R. J., Macalino, G. E. and Crum-Cianflone, N. F. (2013). The Role of Sexually-Transmitted Infections in HIV-1 Progression: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013(2013).<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDeborah, D., William, J. B., Raymond, W., Joao, P., Gomes, S. D., Tigist, M, Henry, J. C., Servaas, A. M., Garry, M., Tinothy, D., and Brean, G. S. (2010). Predicting Phenotype and Emerging Strains among Chlamydia trachomatis Infections.800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636)<br \/>\r\n[9].\tFonseca, K., Megran, D. W. and Anand C. M. (1995). Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen by enzyme immunoassay: importance of confirmatory testing. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 48(3): 214\u2013217.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tFruzsina P., Eszter, B. Istvan, N., and Eva, C. (2009) Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis from the Edocervical Specimen of High-Risk Women in Hungary.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tIkeme, A. C., Ezegwui H. U., Ikeako L. C., and Agbata E. (2011). Seroprevalent of Chlamydia trachomatis in Enugu, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tIsiabor, J.O., Ugbomoiko, D., Nwobu, G. O., Ekundayo, A. O., Enweani, I. B. and Okogun, G. R. A. (2005). Detection of Chlamydia Antigen in Cervical specimen From Antenatal Clinic Attenders in Benin City, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tJocobson, D. L., Peralta, L. and Graham, N. M. (2000). Histologic development of cervical ectopy: relationship to reproductive hormones. Sexually Transmitted Disease , 27: 252-258.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tJonsdottir, K., Kristjansson, M., Hjaltalin, O., Jon, M. D., Steingrimsson, O. (2003). The Molecular Epidemiology of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis in the Greater Reykjavik Area, Iceland. 30(3): 249-256.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tKlovstad, H., Grjibovski, A. and Aavitsland, D. (2012). Population-based Study of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Prevalence and Associated Factors in Norway: A Cross Sectional Study. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2;12:150. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2334-12-150.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tKrznaric, I., Ingiliz, P., Wienbreyer, A., Baumgarten, A., Carganico, A., Dupke, S., Ehret, R. and Obermeir, M. (2012). M\u00e9nage \u00e0 trois: increased prevalence of syphilis infection in HIV-positive MSM with acute hepatitis C. Journal of International AIDS society, 15(4). 129<br \/>\r\n[17].\tKucinskiene V, Sutaite I, Valiukeviciene S, Milasauskiene Z, Domeika M.(2006). Prevalence and risk factors of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection.  Medicina (Kaunas) 42(11):885-94.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tMalhotra, M., Bala, M., Muralidhar, S., Khunger, N. and Puri, P. (2011). Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and its association with other Sexually-Transmitted Infections in a Terciary Case Center in North India. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Disease, 29, 82-5.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tManju, B., Jhinuk, B., Mullick, S. M., Joginder, K. and Ramesh, V. (2011).  Gonorrhoea and its co-infection with other ulcerative, non-ulcerative sexually transmitted &#038; HIV infection in a Regional STD Centre.  Indian Journal of Medical Research. 133(3): 346\u2013349.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tMarangoni, A., Foschi, C., Nardini, P., D\u2019 Antueno, A., Banzola, N., Di Francesco, A., Ostanello, F., Russo, I., Donati, M. and Cevenini, R. (2011). Chlamydia trachomatis serovar distribution and Other sexually-transmitted Coinfections in Subjects attending an STD Outpatients Clinic in Italy. New Microbiologica. 35: 215-219<br \/>\r\n[21].\tMathew, P. S., Sepehr, N. T., Rosanne, M., Vicki, K., and Suzanne M. G. (2004). Characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis omp1 Genotypes Detected in Eye Swab Sample from Remote Australian Communities \u2013 Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 42 (6): 2501 \u2013 2507.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tPaba, P., Fabeni, L., Ciccozi, M., Federico, C. and Ciotti, M. (2011). Performance evaluation of the COBAS\/TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 in HIV-1 positive patients with low viral load: A comparative study. Journal of Virology Methods doi: 10.1016 .03.014.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tParikh, P. P. (2013) Sexually Transmitted Diseases<br \/>\r\n[24].\tSheringham, J., Mann, S., Simms, I., Stafford, M., Hart, G. J. and Raine, R. (2011). It Matters What You Measure: A Systematic literature Review Examining Whether Young People in Poorer Socio-economic Circumstances are More at risk of Chlamydia. Sexually Transmitted Infections doi:10.1136 -050223<br \/>\r\n[25].\tStevens, M. P., Tabrizi, S. N., Muller, R., Krause, V. and Garland, S. M. (2004). Chacterization of Chlamydia trachomatis omp 1 Genotype Detected in Eye swab Samples from the remote Australian Communities. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 42(6): 2501\u20132507.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tTurkur, J., Shittu, S. O., Abdul, A. M. (2006). A case study of Active Genital Chla-mydia Infection among patients with Tubal Infection in NorthernNigeria. Tropical. Document. 1: 14-16.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tUmeanor, M., Seth-Smith, H. M., Cutcliffe, L. T., Skilton, R. J., Barlow, D., Person, K., Harris, S. R., Kelly, A., Bjartling, C., Fredlund, H., Olcen, P., Thomson, N. R. and Clarke, I. N. (2010). The Swedish New Variant of Chlamydia trachomatis: Genome Sequence , Morphology, Cell Tropism and Phenotypic Characterization.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tWard, H. and Ronn, M. (2010). Contribution of sexually transmitted infections to the sexual transmission of HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 5:305\u201310.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tWilley, J. M., Sherwood, L. M. and Woolverton, C. J. (2008). Prescott, Harley, and Klein\u2019s M<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ezema, James Nnabuike, Dibua, Maria Esther &#8220;The Effects CD<sup>4+<\/sup> Counts and Viral Load on the Distribution and Coinfectivity of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> and Syphilis Infections among HIV Positive Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.86-90 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/86-90.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/86-90.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-effects-cd4-counts-and-viral-load-on-the-distribution-and-coinfectivity-of-chlamydia-trachomatis-and-syphilis-infections-among-hiv-positive-women-in-nsukka-enugu-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Effects CD<sup>4+<\/sup> Counts and Viral Load on the Distribution and Coinfectivity of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> and Syphilis Infections among HIV Positive Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a41ca5 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a41ca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a41d78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a41d78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a41edc\" data-id=\"5a41edc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a42000 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a42000\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a420a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a420a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a421f2\" data-id=\"5a421f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a422f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a422f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a423a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a423a6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a424f4\" data-id=\"5a424f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a425f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a425f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a42690 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a42690\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a427f5\" data-id=\"5a427f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a42908 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a42908\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Administration Ethanol Leaf Extract of <i>Terminalia Chebula<\/i> on Liver of Wister Rat<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Modupe Builders, Wazis Chama Haruna, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Musa Tabitha Lubo, Moh\u2019d A. Sadiq &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 91-97<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a429a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a429a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a42b1b\" data-id=\"5a42b1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a42c58 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a42c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Introduction\/Aim: Subacute\u00a0toxicity\u00a0tests are intended to evaluate the toxicity of the chemical after\u00a0repeated administration\u00a0and also to help in establishing\u00a0doses\u00a0for the longer-term subchronic studies. Plant has been one of the original and earliest source for correcting physiological changes in the humans body. <em>Terminalia chebula<\/em>, commonly known as\u00a0black-\u00a0or\u00a0chebulic myrobalan,\u00a0is a species of\u00a0<em>Terminalia<\/em>, widely used in South Asia\u00a0from\u00a0India\u00a0and\u00a0Nepal\u00a0east to\u00a0southwest China\u00a0(Yunnan), and south to\u00a0Sri Lanka,\u00a0Malaysia, and across Africa. It is widely used in management of various illment. This work is aim at evaluating the toxic effect of\u00a0 <em>Terminalia chebula <\/em>on liver of wister rats.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Method: rats of either sex were selected. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml\/kg), while group 2, 3 and 4 received <em>Terminalia Chebula<\/em> 200, 400 and 800 mg\/kg respectively. Animals were kept in standard cages and given access to the extract, water and food orally for 28 days, after which they were weighed and sacrificed.\u00a0 Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and taken immediately for hematological and chemo pathological analysis. The liver and heart were also harvested for histological study of the effect of the plant using haematotoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining technique.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Result: There was Significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in RBC, HGB, MCV, while there was no significant change in the level of neutrophiles, basophiles, eosinophiles and platelets. There were also significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in ALP, BILT and BILD. The liver showed slight vascular congestion and lymphocyte hyperplasia at 200 and 800 mg\/kg dose while there was normal features for both 400 mg\/kg and control.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion: <em>Terminalia Chebula<\/em> should be used with caution because it may have slight effect on the liver when taken for a prolong period of time.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 91-97\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 27 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Oyepata Simeon<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Modupe Builders<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bingham University, Nasarawa, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wazis Chama Haruna<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Bornu State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Opeyemi Tosin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Musa Tabitha Lubo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Moh\u2019d A. Sadiq<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gombe State University, Gombe State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tPatil U.H., Gaikwad D.K. Phytochemical profile and antibacterial activity of stem bark of Anogeissus latifolia. Pharm. J. 2010;2:70\u201373.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDias F.D., Takahashi C.S. Cytogenetic evaluation of aqueous extracts of the medicinal plants Alpiniamutans rose (Zingerberaceae) and Pogostemum hyneanus benth (labitae) on wistar rats and Allium cepa (Liliaceae) root tip cells. Braz. J. Genet. 1994;17:175\u2013180.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tNath P., Yadav K.A. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the methanolic extract from leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in mice. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol. 2015;4:70\u201373.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tEisenberg DM, David RB, Ettner SL. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990\u2013 1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998;280:1569-1575.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tObesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:1-253.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tKhosravi-Boroujeni H, Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammadifard N, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Asgari S, et al. White rice consumption and CVD risk factors among Iranian population. J Health Popul Nutr. 2013;31(2):252-261.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tSadeghi M, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Sarrafzadegan N, Asgary S, Roohafza H, Gharipour M, et al. Cheese consumption in relation to cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian adults- IHHP Study. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8(3):336-41.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tTajfard M, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Mouhebati M, Esmaeily H, et al. Anxiety, depression, coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus; an association study in ghaem hospital, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(9):e14589.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tAsgary S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Shamsi F, Najafi S, Sahebkar A. Biochemical and histopathological study of the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Complement Integr Med. 2014;11(2):63-9.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBaradaran A, Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and hypertension: Possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(4):358-67.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tVasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2002;287:1003- 1010.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tTewari, D; Mocan, A; Parvanov, E. D; Sah, A. N; Nabavi, S. M; Huminiecki, L; Ma, Z. F; Lee, Y. Y; Horba\u0144czuk, J. O; Atanasov, A. G (2017). &#8220;Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families&#8221;. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 519.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tSaleem, A.; Husheem, M.; H\u00e4rk\u00f6nen, P.; Pihlaja, K. (2002). &#8220;Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and the phenolics of Terminalia chebula retz. Fruit&#8221;. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 81 (3): 327\u2013336.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tAsgary S, Sahebkar A, Afshani M, Keshvari M. Haghjooyjavanmard Sh, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytother Res. 2014;28(2):193- 199.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tDossing M, Sonne J. Drug induced hepatic disorders: Incidence, management and avoidance. Drug Safety. 1993;9:441\u20139.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tWorld health organization. WHO media centre. Traditional medicine. WHO Fact sheet N\u00b0134. [cited in 2008 Dec].<br \/>\r\n[17].\tGupta SS. (1994). Prospects and perspectives of natural plant products in medicine. Indian J Pharmacol.;2:1\u201312.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOkokon JE, Nwafor PA. Antiulcer and Anticonvulsant Activities of Croton zambesicus. Pakistan Journal of  Pharmacological Sciences; 2015. 4, 384-390.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tRecknagel RO, Glende EA. Jr. Carbon tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity: An Example of Lethal Cleavage. Critical Reviews in Toxicology; 1973. 2, 263-297.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tDoi, K., Kurabe, S.,Shimazu,N. and Inagaki, M. (1991). Systemic Histopathology of Rats with CCl4-Induced Hepatic Cirrhosis, Laboratory Animals, 25,21-25.<br \/>\r\n[21].\t Dorman, H. J., Kosar, M., Karlos, K., Holm. Y. and Hittuner, R. (2003). Antioxidant Properties and Composition of Aqueous Extracts From Menthaspecies, Hybrids, Varieties and Cultivars. Journal of Agriculture Food and Chemistry, 51, 4563\u20134569.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tDuraipandiyan, V. M., Ayyanar, L. and Ignacimuthu, S. (2006). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants. Asian Journal of Microbiologr, 5, 334-337.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tEdson, R. S. and Terrell, C. L. (1999). The Aminoglycosides. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 74, 519-28.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tOyepata Simeon Joseph, Jude e Okokon, Opeyemi tosin Joseph (2018). Hepatoprotective activity of extract of Homalium Letestui stem against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Advanced Herbal Medicine. 3(4): 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tEliwa, H. A., El-Denshary, E. S., Nada, S. A., Elyamany, M. F., Omara, E. A. and Asaaf, N. (2014). Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Whey proteins on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Paracetamol and Alcohol Co-administration in Rats. International Journal of Progressive Pharmaceutical Research,3, 295-314.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tElliott, J., Barber, P.J., Rawlings, J.M. and Markwell, P.J. (1998). Effect of Phosphate and Protein Restriction on Progression of Chronic Renal Failure in Cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine,12, 221 \u2013 228.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tHassanean, H.A. and E.K. Desoky, 1992. An acylated isorhamnetin Glucoside from Zygophyllum simplex. Phytochemistry, 31: 3293-3294.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tHruskova, J., L. Danes and V. Kliment, 1961. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus: Determination of inhalation LD50 for guinea pigs and mice. Acta Virologica, 13: 203-208.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Oyepata Simeon, Modupe Builders, Wazis Chama Haruna, Joseph Opeyemi Tosin, Sabastine Aliyu Zubairu, Musa Tabitha Lubo, Moh\u2019d A. Sadiq &#8220;Effect of Administration Ethanol Leaf Extract of <i>Terminalia Chebula<\/i> on Liver of Wister Rat&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp. 91-97 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/91-97.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/91-97.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-administration-ethanol-leaf-extract-of-terminalia-chebula-on-liver-of-wister-rat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Administration Ethanol Leaf Extract of <i>Terminalia Chebula<\/i> on Liver of Wister Rat<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a43a2b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a43a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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elementor-element elementor-element-5a44581\" data-id=\"5a44581\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a44688 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a44688\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a44737 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a44737\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a44885\" data-id=\"5a44885\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a44986 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a44986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a44a1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a44a1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a44b88\" data-id=\"5a44b88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a44c9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a44c9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Understanding of Basic Design Process and Techniques for Effective Museum Exhibition Design<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Norfadilah Kamaruddin &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 98-101<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a44d34 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a44d34\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a44e8e\" data-id=\"5a44e8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a44fb7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a44fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Museum plays an important role in preserving of cultural heritage to make it relevant to be regularly practiced and learned within communities and between generations. In context of that facts, there are certain types of delivery techniques used to demonstrate and delivery the information that are needed to know by new generation. And museums traditionally have transferred the collections-based through a variety of media presentation in the exhibition. Therefore, a few exhibitions are failed in gaining the visitors attention, engagement, interaction and further experiences. This moreover giving another effect where the richness of collections and all knowledge in the world will not grow and further are not appreciated by new generation. Towards this, in preparing an exhibition design for a museum is highly required the team to know not only the right visual elements in order to engage with the visitors but also understanding space, material and techniques. Thus, by examining the complexity of the design process of museum exhibition particularly on interface design production and techniques of exhibition, the outcomes will be significantly be a best-practiced for future museum exhibition performance in helping the shaping of knowledge for community.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 98-101\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Norfadilah Kamaruddin<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Art &#038; Dessign, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAlexander, E. P., &#038; Alexander, M. (2008). Museums in motion: An introduction to the history and functions of museums. American Association for State and Local History book series. Lanham: AltaMira Press.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tElizabeth Bogle (2013). Museum Exhibition Planning and Design, AltaMira Press. ISBN-13: 978-0759122307<br \/>\r\n[3].\tHenning, Michelle, (2006) Museums, Media and Cultural Theory, Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.<br \/>\r\n[4].\t    Kamaruddin, N (2019). Interface Design Assessment of Museum Permanent Exhibition at the National Museum of Malaysia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), Volume III, Issue V, Pp. 295-300, ISSN 2454-6186<br \/>\r\n[5].\t    Lord, B &#038; Lord, G. Dexter, Mayrand, Y., (2001), The Manual of Museum Exhibitions: The Roles of Exhibition Designer, Altamira Press, Pg: 405-406<br \/>\r\n[6].\tLorenc, J., Skolnick L. and Berger C. (2007). What is Exhibition Design? Switzerland: A RotoVision Book SA.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tMcKenna-Cress, Polly and Janet A. Kamien (2013). Creating Exhibitions: Collaboration in the Planning, Development, and Design of Innovative Experiences. Hoboken, NJ: John, Wiley &#038; Sons.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tTambi, (2011), Department of Museum and Antiquities Malaysia, The National Museum of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur: A Guide to the Gallery, the National Museum of Malaysia.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Norfadilah Kamaruddin &#8220;Understanding of Basic Design Process and Techniques for Effective Museum Exhibition Design&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.98-101 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/98-101.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/98-101.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/understanding-of-basic-design-process-and-techniques-for-effective-museum-exhibition-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Understanding of Basic Design Process and Techniques for Effective Museum Exhibition Design<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a45d2e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a45d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a45e22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a45e22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a45fad\" data-id=\"5a45fad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a460d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a460d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a46177 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a46177\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a46438\" data-id=\"5a46438\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4656c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4656c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4661b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4661b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a46775\" data-id=\"5a46775\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a46881 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a46881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4691c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4691c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a46a6e\" data-id=\"5a46a6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a46b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a46b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a46c1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a46c1c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a46d5b\" data-id=\"5a46d5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a46e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a46e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a46f0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a46f0a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a47051\" data-id=\"5a47051\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a47156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a47156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a471f9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a471f9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4735f\" data-id=\"5a4735f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4746f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4746f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Quantile Heteronormal of Minimum Wage Pricing   in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Peters .U. Onyilo, Samuel. A. Umoru &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 102-104<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4750c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4750c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a47677\" data-id=\"5a47677\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4779f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a4779f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">It has been clearly observed that very few countries vividly perceive increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of their economy has very positive relationship with development of human capital.  While increase in wage can act as boost to development of human capital, the return on such investment by government is done with suspicion.  Irreversible increase in minimum wage can take economy in either direction. The recursivity of contributing factors to increase in minimum wage are computed and over all outcomes is given as a probability distribution using quantile and<br \/>\r\nThis paper used the concept of metric space and linear quantile regression of GDP on increase in minimum wage growth and inflation. Economic growth in Euclidean space is a continuous function of real value function of a real variable whose mapping can take any form.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 102-104\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 31 July 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Peters .U. Onyilo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHead of Department,  Kogi State  College of  Education, Ankpa,  Kogi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Samuel. A. Umoru<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Mathematics, Federal University  Lokoja,  Kogi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\thttp:\/\/onlinestatbook.com\/2\/calculators\/normal_dist.html<br \/>\r\n[2].\thttp:\/\/onlinestatbook.com\/2\/calculators\/normal_dist.html<br \/>\r\n[3].\thttp:\/\/www.factfish.com\/statistic-country\/nigeria\/inflation+rate<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBornemann, F. (2010), &#8220;On the numerical evaluation of distributions in random matrix theory: A review with an invitation to experimental mathematics&#8221;, Markov Processes and Related Fields, 16 (4): 803\u2013866, arXiv:0904.1581, Bibcode:2009arXiv0904.1581B.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChiani, M. (2014), &#8220;Distribution of the largest eigenvalue for real Wishart and Gaussian random matrices and a simple approximation for the Tracy\u2013Widom distribution&#8221;, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 129: 69\u201381, arXiv:1209.3394, doi:10.1016\/j.jmva.2014.04.002.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDeift, P. (2007), &#8220;Universality for mathematical and physical systems&#8221;(PDF), International Congress of Mathematicians (Madrid, 2006), European Mathematical Society, pp. 125\u2013152, arXiv:math-ph\/0603038, doi:10.4171\/022-1\/7, MR 2334189.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDieng, Momar (2006), RMLab, a MATLAB package for computing Tracy-Widom distributions and simulating random matrices.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDom\u00ednguez-Molina, J.Armando (2017), &#8220;The Tracy-Widom distribution is not infinitely divisible&#8221;, Statistics &#038; Probability Letters, 213 (1): 56\u201360.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJohansson, K. (2000), &#8220;Shape fluctuations and random matrices&#8221;, Communications in Mathematical Physics, 209 (2): 437\u2013476, arXiv:math\/9903134, Bibcode:2000CMaPh.209..437J, doi:10.1007\/s002200050027.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tJohansson, K. (2002), &#8220;Toeplitz determinants, random growth and determinantal processes&#8221;(PDF), Proc. International Congress of Mathematicians (Beijing, 2002), 3, Beijing: Higher Ed. Press, pp. 53\u201362, MR 1957518.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tJohnstone, I. M. (2007), &#8220;High dimensional statistical inference and random matrices&#8221;(PDF), International Congress of Mathematicians (Madrid, 2006), European Mathematical Society, pp. 307\u2013333, arXiv:math\/0611589, doi:10.4171\/022-1\/13, MR 2334195.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tJohnstone, I. M. (2008), &#8220;Multivariate analysis and Jacobi ensembles: largest eigenvalue, Tracy\u2013Widom limits and rates of convergence&#8221;, Annals of Statistics, 36 (6): 2638\u20132716, arXiv:0803.3408, doi:10.1214\/08-AOS605, PMC 2821031, PMID 20157626.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tJohnstone, I. M. (2009), &#8220;Approximate null distribution of the largest root in multivariate analysis&#8221;, Annals of Applied Statistics, 3 (4): 1616\u20131633, arXiv:1009.5854, doi:10.1214\/08-AOAS220, PMC 2880335, PMID 20526465.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMajumdar, Satya N.; Nechaev, Sergei (2005), &#8220;Exact asymptotic results for the Bernoulli matching model of sequence alignment&#8221;, Physical Review E, 72 (2): 020901, 4, arXiv:q-bio\/0410012<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Peters .U. Onyilo, Samuel. A. Umoru &#8220;Quantile Heteronormal of Minimum Wage Pricing   in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.102-104 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/102-104.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/102-104.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/quantile-heteronormal-of-minimum-wage-pricing-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quantile Heteronormal of Minimum Wage Pricing   in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a48559 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a48559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4898c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4898c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a48ae2\" data-id=\"5a48ae2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a48be8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a48be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a48c84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a48c84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4900f\" data-id=\"5a4900f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a49145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a49145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a491e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a491e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4933b\" data-id=\"5a4933b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4943f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4943f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a494e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a494e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a49635\" data-id=\"5a49635\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a49736 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a49736\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a497cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a497cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a49915\" data-id=\"5a49915\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a49a1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a49a1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a49ab7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a49ab7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a49c11\" data-id=\"5a49c11\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a49d39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a49d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Guided Discovery Method on Students\u2019 Attitude to, and Achievement in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools, Bauchi State<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Dr. R.G Dajal, Mohammed, Adamu Umar &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 105-110<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a49de1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a49de1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a49f40\" data-id=\"5a49f40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4a061 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a4a061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study investigated the effects of guided discovery method on students \u2019attitude to and academic achievement in biology in senior secondary schools, Bauchi state. Two research questions were raised and two null hypotheses were formulated. The research design was quasi experimental non- equivalent control group; the study was carried out in two randomly selected co-educational secondary schools in Bauchi state. The sample size of 94 biology students from two randomly selected intact classes in the sampled schools was used. The instruments for data collection were Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and Biology Attitude Questionnaire (BAQ). Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The results of the analysis showed that there was significant difference between the mean achievement scores of experimental group and control group; there was no significant difference between the mean achievement scores of male and female students in the experimental group. There was a significant difference between the mean attitude scores of experimental group and control group and there was no significant difference between the mean attitude scores of male and female students in experimental group. Based on the study it was concluded that guided discovery method has positive effect on students\u2019 achievement as well as improving their attitude towards biology and it is gender friendly. Based on the findings, it is recommended that among others that seminars, workshops and conferences should be held for biology teachers to acquaint them with the knowledge of guided discovery method and they should be encouraged to use it in their classroom teaching.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 105-110\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. R.G Dajal<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science and Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed, Adamu Umar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science and Environmental Education, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAjewole, G.A. (1990). Effect of guided discovery and expository instructional methods on students\u2019 transfer of learning.Journal of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, (2), 26 59-66.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tFederal Republic of Nigeria (2014). National Policy on Education. Lagos:   Heinemann Educational books Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tIbe, E. &#038; Nwosu, A. A. (2003). Effects of Guided-Inquiry and Demonstration on Science Process Skills Acquisition among Secondary School Biology Students.Journal of the Science Teachers\u2019 Association of Nigeria 38 (1 &#038; 2) 58-63<br \/>\r\n[4].\tIgwe, I.T. (2003) Enriching Science Education. The place of improvisation in the classroom. Science teachers\u2019 association of Nigeria (STAN) 41st Annual conference proceedings pp 51-53<br \/>\r\n[5].\tMatthew, B. M. &#038; Igharo, O. K. (2013). A study of effects of guided inquiry teaching method on students\u2019 achievement in logic: International Research Journal  2(1) available on line at www.iresearcher.org.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tNwagbo, C. (2001). The Relative Effect of Guided-discovery and Expository Methods on The Achievement of Biology Students of Different Levels of Scientific Literacy. Journal of Science Teachers \u2019Association of Nigeria.36 (18, 2), 43-51.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tOgunleye, A. O (2006) Toward the optimal utilization &#038; management of resources for the effective teaching of physics in schools proceeding of the 41st Annual conference of the Science Teachers, Association of Nigeria (STAN) University of Lagos pp. 215-216<br \/>\r\n[8].\tOkoli, J.N. (2006) Effect of investigative approach and expository method as acquisition of science process skills by Biology Students of different levels of scientific literacy, Journal of the science teachers association of Nigeria, 41 (1 &#038; 2), 79-88.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tRamalingam, S.T. (2000). Modern biology senior secondary science series(New edition). Onitsha: Africana \u2013 FEP Publishers (Ltd)<br \/>\r\n[10].\tSamikwa, D.C  (2013). Factors which influence academic achievement in biology in Kenya. A perspective for global competitiveness. International Journal of currentresearch5(12),4296-4399.Availableonlinehttp\/\/www.journal,cra.com Education 16:9-13.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tSola, A.O.&#038; Ojo, O. E. (2007). Effects of Project, Inquiry and Lecture Demonstration Teaching Methods on Senior Secondary Students\u2019 Achievement in Separation of Mixtures Practical Test. Educational Research and Review2(6),124-132 .<br \/>\r\n[12].\tUgwuadi, O. R. (2010).The effects of guided inquiry &#038; lecture method on students\u2019 academic achievement in biology in Adamawa state: knowledge review journal.21 (1) retrieved28\/7\/16from www.globalacademicgroup.com.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. R.G Dajal, Mohammed, Adamu Umar &#8220;Effects of Guided Discovery Method on Students\u2019 Attitude to, and Achievement in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools, Bauchi State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.105-110 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/105-110.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/105-110.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-guided-discovery-method-on-students-attitude-to-and-achievement-in-biology-in-senior-secondary-schools-bauchi-state\/&#8221; target=&#8221;_blank&#8221; rel=&#8221;noopener&#8221;>Effects of Guided Discovery Method on Students\u2019 Attitude to, and Achievement in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools, Bauchi State<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4adf8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a4adf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b1fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4b1fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b34f\" data-id=\"5a4b34f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4b461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b4ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4b4ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b64a\" data-id=\"5a4b64a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4b750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4b958 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4b958\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4bb21\" data-id=\"5a4bb21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4bc54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4bc54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4bd00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4bd00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4be5f\" data-id=\"5a4be5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4bf66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4bf66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c010 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4c010\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c17a\" data-id=\"5a4c17a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4c286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigation of Salivary Enzyme Levels in Periodontitis Patient of Bangladeshi Population: A Priliminary Study<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Sharif Neaz, Sayeeda Monira Rahman, Fatema Tuz Jhura &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 111-113<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c325 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4c325\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c48a\" data-id=\"5a4c48a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4c5b9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a4c5b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of the study was to find any association exists between salivary enzyme ALP, ALT, AST and CK level of periodontitis Bangladeshi individuals with their pathological oral condition. In this study levels of ALP, ALT, AST and CK were determined in saliva sample of periodontitis patient. The experimental group contains 50 (fifty) periodontitis patient and 50 (fifty) healthy individuals were served as control. Saliva sample was collected in sample tube and biochemical analysis was done in Biochemistry semi automatic analyzer. Periodontitis was diagnosed by a dental surgeon based on Gingival index (GI), Probing depth (PD) and Clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA test with SPSS software. Salivary enzyme level of periodontitis patient was compared with the salivary enzyme level of normal control group. ALP, ALT, AST and CK level of periodontitis patients were increased in the saliva than that of control group.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 111-113\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sharif Neaz<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Biochemistry &#038; Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Sayeeda Monira Rahman<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Habibullah Bahar University College, Shantinagar, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fatema Tuz Jhura<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMedical Officer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uttara Executive Centre (National Healthcare Network), Dhaka- 1230, Bangladesh<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tMichael G. Newman, Henry Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold and Fermin A. Carranza. Carranza&#8217;s Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, 2014. Elsevier, Saunders.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tKaufman E, Lamster IB. Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis \u2013 A review. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:453-65.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tArmitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4:1\u20136.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tSahingur SE, Cohen RE. Analysis of host responses and risk for disease progression. Periodontol 2000.2004;34:57\u201383<br \/>\r\n[5].\tGenco RJ. Current view of risk factor for periodontal diseases, JPeriodontol. 1996;67(10 Suppl):1041\u2013 9.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tNumabe Y, Hisano A, Kamoi K, Yoshie H, Ito K, Kurihara H. Analy- sis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis and monitoring. Periodontology 2004;40:115-9<br \/>\r\n[7].\tZappa U. Histology of the periodontal lesion: Implications for diagnosis. Periodontol 2000. 1995;7:22\u201338. [PubMed]<br \/>\r\n[8].\tShu L, Guan SM, Fu SM, Guo T, Cao M, Ding Y. Estrogen Modulates Cytokine Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J Dent Res 2008;87:142-7. Back to cited text no. 1 [PUBMED].<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJalil RA, Ashley FP, Wilson RF, Wagaiyu EG. Concentrations of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite, \u201cfree\u201d and \u201ctotal\u201d lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory IgA in resting and stimulated whole saliva of children aged 12-14 years and the relationship with plaque accumulation and gingivitis. J Periodont Res.1993;28:130\u20136<br \/>\r\n[10].\tYoshie H, Tai H, Kobayashi T, Oda-Gou E, Nomura Y, Numabe Y, et al. Salivary enzyme levels after scaling and interleukin 1 genotypes in Japanese patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol.2007;78:498\u2013503.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tTodorovic T, Dozic I, Vicente-Barrero M, Ljuskovic B, Pejovic J, Marjanovic M, et al. Salivary enzymes and periodontal disease. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11:E115<br \/>\r\n[12].\tvan Lente F. Alkaline and Acid phosphatase determinations in bone disease. Orthop Clin North Am.1979;10:437\u201350 12. Ishikawa I, Cimasoni G. Alkaline phosphatase in human gingival fluid and its relation to periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol. 1970;15:1401\u20134<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Sharif Neaz, Sayeeda Monira Rahman, Fatema Tuz Jhura &#8220;Investigation of Salivary Enzyme Levels in Periodontitis Patient of Bangladeshi Population: A Priliminary Study&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.111-113 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/111-113.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/111-113.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigation-of-salivary-enzyme-levels-in-periodontitis-patient-of-bangladeshi-population-a-priliminary-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Investigation of Salivary Enzyme Levels in Periodontitis Patient of Bangladeshi Population: A Priliminary Study<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4d389 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4da8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4dbeb\" data-id=\"5a4dbeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4dcfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4dcfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4dd95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4dd95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4ded5\" data-id=\"5a4ded5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4dfe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4dfe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4e080 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4e080\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4e1bf\" data-id=\"5a4e1bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4e2be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4e2be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4e9df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4e9df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4eb49\" data-id=\"5a4eb49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4ec63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a4ec63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Quantitative Chemical Compositions of Neem (<i>Azadirachtaindica<\/i>) Leaf Aqueous Extracts in Sokoto, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Garba, S., Mungadi, H. U. &#8211; July 2019 Page No.: 114-119<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a4ecff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a4ecff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a4ee70\" data-id=\"5a4ee70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4efb4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a4efb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9461\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9461\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of the present work was to study the chemical compositions of aqueous extract of Neem (<i>Azadirachtaindica<\/i>) leaf in Sokoto. The results obtained showed the presence of Tannin at1.4%, Oxalate at 1.41mg\/100g, Phytate at 6.12mg\/100g, Saponin at 22.55%, Cyanogenic glycoside at 2.05mg\/100g, Alkaloid at 12.22%, Trypsin inhibitor at 6.25%, Flavonoid at 32.06%, Moisture content at 2.12%, Ash conten at 10.8%, Fibre at 16.20%, Protein at 14.53%, Fat at 5.82%, Carbohydrate at 59.53%, Energy value at 1,399.39Kj\/100g, Vitamin A at 19.695mg\/L, Vitamin B1 at 3.7mg\/L, Vitamin B2 at 3.51mg\/L, Vitamin B6 at 358.71mg\/L, Vitamin C at 3154mg\/L, Vitamin E at 33.98mg\/L, Zinc at 0.1572ppm, Sodium at 5.7302ppm, Magnesium at 0.5802ppm, Phosphorus at 8.52ppm, Calcium at 7.2875ppm, Iron at 3.68ppm and Potassium at 9.0ppm<br \/>\r\nThese results indicated that neem leaf aqueous extracts may serve as a useful ingredient in dietof especially animals and may exhibit immunomodulatory as well as anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic; antiulcer; antimalarial; antifungal; antibacterial; antiviral; antioxidant; antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic characteristics.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 114-119\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9462\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9462\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Garba, S. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria\r\n<span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mungadi, H. U. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9463\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9463\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAkihisa, T., Noto, T., Takahashi, A., Fujita, Y., Banno, N., T., Koike, K., Suzuki, T. Yasukawa, K. and Kimura, Y. (2009).Melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-\tinflammatory, and chemopreventive effects of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indicia A. Juss. (neem). Journal of oleo science, 58(11): 581\u201394. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19844073\t[Accessed September 9, 2015].<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAkubugwo, I.E., Obasi, A.N. and Ginika, S.C. (2008).Nutritional potential of the leaves and seeds of Black night-shade (Solanumnigrum L. Varvirginicum) \tfrom Afikpo-Nigeria.Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6: 323-326. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3923\/pjn.2007.323.326<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAl-Samarrai, G., Singh, H. and Syarhabil, M. (2012). Evaluating eco-friendly botanicals (natural plant extracts) as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. 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Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 68: 85 \u2013 90.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tBeuth, J., Schneider, H. and Ko, H.L. (2006). Enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract (Azadirachtaindica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in BALB\/c-mice. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 20(2): 247\u201351. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16634526 [Accessed September 12, 2015].<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBhowmik, D., Chiranjib, J., Yadav, K.K. and Sampath, K.P. (2010).Herbal Remedies of Azadirachtaindica and its Medicinal Application.Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2: 62\u201372.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tBiswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, R. K. and Bandyopadhyay, U. (2002).Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachtaindica).Current Science, 82(11): 1336\u20131345.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tBiu, A. A., Yusufu, S.D. and Rabo, J.S. (2009). Studies on the Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Neem (AzadirachtaindicaA .Juss) on Haematological Parameters in Chicken. , 10(4): 4\u20137.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tBonsu, F. R. K., Kagya-Agyemang, J. K. Kwenin, W. K. J. and Zanu, H. K. (2012). Medicinal response of broiler chickens to diets containing Neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaf meal, haematology and meat sensory analysis.World Applied Science, 19: 800\u2013805.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tDelserrone, P. and Nicoletti, M. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of a neem cake extract in a broth model meat system. International journal of environmental research and public health, 10(8): 3282\u20133295.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tEgbuna, C. and Ifemeje, J. C. (2015).Biological functions and anti- nutritional effects of phytochemicals in living system. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 10 (2): 10- 19.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tHussian, I., Saleem, M., Iqbal, Y. and Khalil, S.J. (2006).Comparison of Vitamin C Contents in Commercial Tea Brands and Fresh Tea Leaves.Journal of \tthe Chemical Society of Pakistan, 28, 421-425.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tKolodziej, H. and Kiderlen, A.F. (2005).Antileishmanial activity and immune modulatory effects of tannins and related compounds on Leishmania\tparasitised RAW 264.7 cells. Phytochemistry 66 (17), 2056\u20132071.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tKumar, V. S. and Navaratnam, V. (2013).Neem (Azadirachtaindica): Prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(7): 505\u2013514.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tLu, L. Liu, S. W. Jiang, S. B. Wu, S. G. (2004). Tannin inhibits HIV-1 entry by \ttargeting \tgp41, ActaPharmacol. Sin., 25(2): 213\u2013218.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tLupein J. R. (1990). Sorghum and millets in human Nutrition. Codex standards<br \/>\r\n[21].\tMadaki, F. M., Kabiru1, A.Y. ,Bakare-Odunola M. T. , Mailafiya, 1, S. C. \tHamzah, R. U.and\tJanet E. (2016). Phytochemical and Proximate Analyses of Methanol Leaf Extract of Neem (Azadirachtaindica).European Journal of Medicinal Plants 15 (2): 1-6, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tMakkar, H. P. S., Siddhuraju, S. and Becker, K. (2007). Plant Secondary Metabolites; Methods \tin Molecular Biology (Springer: New York, 2007).<br \/>\r\n[23].\tMongkholkhajornsilp, D., Douglas, S., Douglas, P. L., Elkamel, A., Teppaitoon, W. and Pongamphai, S. (2005). Supercritical CO2 extraction of nimbin from neem seeds &#8211; A modelling study. Journal of Food Engineering, 71(4): 331\u2013340.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tMorris, E. R. (1986).  Phytate and dietary mineral bioavailability. In: Phyticacid: Chemistry and \tApplications Pilatus Press: Minneapolis, 57 \u2013 76.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tMujumdar, A.M. (1998). Antidiarrhoeal activity of Azadirachtaindica leaf extract.Indian Drugs, 35(7): 417\u2013420.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tMukherjee, A. and Sengupta, S. (2013). Characterization of Nimbidiol as a Potent Intestinal Disaccharidase and Glucoamylase Inhibitor Present in Azadirachtaindica(Neem).Useful for the Treatment of Diabetes.Journal of Enzyme inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 28: 900\u2013910.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tNPC (2006).National population commission: Census report, 106.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tNolan, K.B. Duffin, P.A. McWeeney, D.J. (1987). Effect of phytate on mineral bioavailability.In-vitro studies on Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ (also Cd2+) solubilities in the presence of phytate, Journal of Scinece and Food Agriculture, 40: 79 \u2013 85.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tObadoni, B. O. and Ochuko, P. O. (2001). Phytochemical Studies and Comparative Efficacy \tof the Crude Extracts of Some Homeostatic Plants \tin Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Global Journal Pure Applied Sciences, 8: 203-208.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tOkwu D. E.And Emenike I. N. (2007) Nutritive value and mineral content of different \tvarieties of citrus fruits.Journal of Food Technology, 5: 105-108.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tPankaj, S., Lokeshwar, T., Mukesh, B. and Vishnu, B. (2011). Review on Neem (AzadirachtaIndica ): Thousand Problems One Solution. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2(12): 97\u2013102.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tPoornima, G.N. and Ravishankar, R.V. (2009).Evaluation of Phytonutrients and Vitamin Contents in a Wild Yam, Di- oscoreabelophylla (Prain) Haines.African Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 971-973.<br \/>\r\n[33].\tRakib, M.A.A. and Hussain, M.M. (2013). Assessment of cytotoxic effect of methanolic crude extracts of Azadirachtaindica. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 4: 1585\u2013590.<br \/>\r\n[34].\tRhoades, D. F. (1979).Evolution of Plant Chemical Defense against Herbivores.\tIn G.A.\tRosenthal, D.H. Janzen, Herbivores: Their Interaction with \tSecondary Plant Metabolites \t(Academic Press; New York, p. 41).<br \/>\r\n[35].\tRoger, G. D. P. (1999). New Santos, B. M., Realpe, M. I. and Periara, C. G. (2011).\tOccurrence of IBD after vaccination with a low- passage attenuated virus. Event xxii \tLatin American Poultry Congress, 2 (2): 101- \t109.<br \/>\r\n[36].\tSen, S. Makkar, H.P. Becker, K. (1998). Alfafasaponins and their implication in animal \tnutrition, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 131\u2013\t140.<br \/>\r\n[37].\tThirman, M. J. Gill, H. J. Burnett, R. C. Mbangkollo, D. McCabe, N. R. Kobayashi, H. (1993). Rearrangement of the MLL gene in acute \tlymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias\twith 11q23 chromosomal \ttranslocations.N. England Journal of Medicine, 329 (13): \t909\u2013914.<br \/>\r\n[38].\tTiwari, R., Chakraborty, S., Dhama, K., Wani, M. Y., Kumar, A. and Kapoor, S. (2014). Wonder world of phages: Potential biocontrol agents safeguarding biosphere and health of animals and humans- current scenario and perspectives. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 17(3): 316\u2013328.<br \/>\r\n[39].\tUraku, A.J., Okala, A.N.C and Ibiam, U.A. (2014).Effect of Spilanthesuliginosa, Ocimumbasilicum, Hyptisspicigera and Cymbopogoncitratus Leaf Extracts on Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Mice Exposed to  Plasmodium berghei. PhD Thesis Submitted to the Department of Bichemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9464\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9464\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Garba, S., Mungadi, H. U. &#8220;Quantitative Chemical Compositions of Neem (<i>Azadirachtaindica<\/i>) Leaf Aqueous Extracts in Sokoto, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.114-119 July 2019\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/114-119.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9465\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9465\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/114-119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9466\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9466\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/quantitative-chemical-compositions-of-neem-azadirachtaindica-leaf-aqueous-extracts-in-sokoto-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quantitative Chemical Compositions of Neem (<i>Azadirachtaindica<\/i>) Leaf Aqueous Extracts in Sokoto, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a4fdac elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a4fdac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; 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data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5071f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5071f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a507c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a507c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a50900\" data-id=\"5a50900\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a50a1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a50a1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a50ab7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a50ab7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a50c00\" data-id=\"5a50c00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a50d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a50d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a50d97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a50d97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a51158\" data-id=\"5a51158\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a512a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a512a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Enhancing Lecturers\u2019 Competencies in the Utilization of Instructional Media Devices in Agricultural Education in Colleges of Education in Benue State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Christopher Mkulega Shishi, Deborah Ogbene Onu, Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 120-126<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a51363 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a51363\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a514e3\" data-id=\"5a514e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5161e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a5161e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper focused on enhancing lecturers\u2019 competencies in the utilization of instructional media devices in agricultural education in colleges of education in Benue State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study and hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, using a sample of 250 respondents for data collection. With the instrument titled: Competencies in the Utilization of Instructional Media Devices Questionnaire (CUIMDQ) was structured by the researchers from the literature review and was face validated by three experts. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach alpha (\u03b1). The Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using means and standard deviation to answer research questions while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that 11 strategies for enhancing lecturers competencies in the utilization of instructional media devices\/materials; 12 importance of effective utilization instructional media devices in agricultural education and 12 problems associated with utilization of instructional media devices by lecturers\u2019 are needed to enhance lecturers\u2019 competence in the utilization of instructional media devices in agricultural education in colleges of education in Benue state, Nigeria. It was recommended among others that lecturers\u2019 needed competence in the utilization of instructional media devices\/materials in vocational agriculture and technology education in colleges of education Benue State, Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 120-126\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christopher Mkulega Shishi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Deborah Ogbene Onu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Education, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdeniyi, A, A. (2001). Methodology and instructional materials: A new approach to teaching religions in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Ibadan: Relinks Konsults.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAgbulu, O. N. &#038; Wever, D. G. (2011). Introduction to vocational agricultural education. Makurdi, Benue State: Selfers Academic Press Ltd.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAgbulu, O.N. &#038; Elaigwu, O.A. (2014). Environmental Education and Management for Students in Tertiary Institution in Nigeria. Makurdi. SAP Publishing House. Benue State.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAgbulu, O.N. &#038; Olaitan, S.O. (2002). Comparative Vocational Technical Education System in U.S.A. Great Britain and Japan: Lesson for Nigeria; Aboki Publishers; 1st edition. Benue state.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAgbulu, O.N. (2002). Methodology of Vocational Agriculture and Guidance. Makurdi; Aboki publishers:  1st edition. Benue state.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAsogwa, V. C., Onu, D. O. &#038; Egbo, B. N. (2013). Availability and utilization of instructional materials for effective teaching of fish production to students in senior secondary schools in Benue State, Nigeria. African Journal  of Agricultural Research, 8(49), 6601-6607.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBello, H. &#038; Shuaibu, B. (2013). State of facilities for teaching electrical installation and maintenance work trade in technical colleges in Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education,5(5),82-91.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tEgbogah, E. O. (2012). The role of science and technology in national development: The miracle of Malaysia and the future for Nigeria. Petroleum Technology Development Journal, 1(4) 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tIwu, R. U. Ijioma B. C., Onoja, A. I. &#038; Nzewuihe, G. U. (2011). Teaching aids. A panacea for effective instructional delivery in biology. Researcher, 3(2), 62-65.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tNECCE (2014). Latest Curriculum for all vocational courses (NECCE)-2015. Retrieved on September 1st, 2017 from http:\/\/www.myschoolgist.com\/ng\/waec-syllabus-by-subject-2013.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOkonji, E. (2014, March 21). The need to up technology development in Nigeria. Retrieved September 1st, 2017 from http:\/\/www.thisdaylive.com\/articles\/the-need-to-up-technology-development-in-Nigeria\/173579.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tOlawale, S. K. (2013). The use of instructional materials for effective learning of Islamic studies. Jihad-al-Islam, 6(20, 29-40.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tOrji, U. E., &#038; Abolarin, E. (2012). Strategies for enhancing teacher competence and quality of classroom instruction. Global Voice of Educators, 1(1), 1-6. Retrieved on June 25th, 2017 from http:\/\/www.globaleducators.org.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tTaale, K. D. &#038; Mustapha, B. (2014). Effects of teacher \u2013 constructed electrical models on students\u2019 academic achievement in basic electricity in technical colleges of Borno state, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tUrevbvu, A. O. (2006). Research on teaching as a basis for teaching practice: Problems and Possibilities for teacher education in Nigeria. The 3rd Faculty of Education Distinguished Lecture Series, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tUzuegbu, C.P., Mbadiwe, H. C., &#038;Anulobi, J. C. (2013). Availability and utilization of instructional materials in teaching and learning of library education in tertiary institutions in Abia state. Wudpecker Journal of Educational Research, 2(8), 111-120.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tWeinert, F. E. (2001). The concept of competence: A conceptual clarification, in D.S. Rychen &#038; L. H. Salganik (Eds) Defining and selecting key competencies (Gottingen, Hogrefe).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Christopher Mkulega Shishi, Deborah Ogbene Onu, Gbeyongu Frederick Terkimbi &#8220;Enhancing Lecturers\u2019 Competencies in the Utilization of Instructional Media Devices in Agricultural Education in Colleges of Education in Benue State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.120-126 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/120-126.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/120-126.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/enhancing-lecturers-competencies-in-the-utilization-of-instructional-media-devices-in-agricultural-education-in-colleges-of-education-in-benue-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Enhancing Lecturers\u2019 Competencies in the Utilization of Instructional Media Devices in Agricultural Education in Colleges of Education in Benue State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a52415 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a52415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a524e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a524e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a52654\" data-id=\"5a52654\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5277b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5277b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a52820 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a52820\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5298f\" data-id=\"5a5298f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a52aa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a52aa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Partial Replacement of Soya bean (<i>Glycin max<\/i>) with African Locust Bean (<i>Parkia biglobosa<\/i>) on the Growth Performance and Carcass of <i>Clarias gariepins<\/i> Fingerlings<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>F. Eze   &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 127-132<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a52b43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a52b43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a52cbe\" data-id=\"5a52cbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a52df8 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a52df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study aims to evaluate the effect of utilizing Locust Bean (<em>Parkia biglobosa<\/em>) Seed Meal (LBSM) as an alternate protein source for <em>Clarias gariepinus<\/em>. The study was conducted in Nwochas Farm, Maiduguri. The experimental diets were formulated to contain LBSM at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% inclusions and were labelled as T<sub>2<\/sub>, T<sub>3<\/sub>, T<sub>4<\/sub> respectively with diet T<sub>1 <\/sub>acting as control. All diets were formulated isonitrogenously using pearson square method with 35% Crude Protein. A 56 days feeding trial was conducted using <em>Clarias gariepinus <\/em>fingerlings which were randomly distributed in a 2m x 2m<sup>2<\/sup>hapas in earthen ponds in triplicates at a stocking rate of 20 fish per hapa. The experimental design was completely randomized. The fish were fed at 5% body weight twice daily. The proximate analysis of the diets and carcass composition of the diets and water quality parameters were determined. Data of each parameters were subjected to ANOVA while means of various results were compared at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no significant different (p&lt;0.05) in Weight gain, Specific growth rate, Feed conversion ratio, Protein conversion rate and Conditional factor of fish fed LBSM diets. But there was significant different between fish fed with control and LBSM in percent survival value. This study indicate that LBSM can replace soya bean up to 50% in the diets of <em>Clarias gariepinus <\/em>\u00a0for optimum growth performance and nutrient utilization.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 127-132\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>F. Eze  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAchionye \u2013 Nzeh, C.G., Qqidiolu, O., Salmi, S. (2003). Effects of Diet of Rana esculenta on the growth of Clarias anguillaris. Journal of Agric Research and Development. 2:120-121.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAdebisi, M., Anthony, K., (2010). The growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Aqua Res 54: 91-99.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAdikwu, T.A. (2003). A review of Aquaculture Nutrition inAquaculture Development in Nigeria, In: Eyo, A.A. (ed) National workshop on fish feed development and feeding practices in Aquaculture, FISON, NII&#8217;R,FAO-NSPFS pP 31- 40.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAlegbeleye W.O., Oresegun A.O., Omitoyin, O.(2001). Use of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) meal in the diets of Heteroclarias fingerlings. Moor J. Agric. Res. 2, 54-59.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAlegbeleye, W.O., Obasa, S.O., Olude, O.O., Otubu, K. &#038; Jimoh, W.(2005). Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822) fingerlings. Aquac. Res., 43(3): 412\u2013420.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tAmisah, S., Oteng, M.A., Ofori, J.K. (2009) Growth Performance of the African Cat fish clarias<br \/>\r\n[7].\tdiets for juveniles of the catfish (Clarias anquillaris) Fish Nutrition and fish feedAfrican Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 297, pp. 287-295.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tAOAC (2012) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (19thedn), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tAOAC. (2005). International Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC international. Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 13(1), pp: 21-26.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tArunlertaree, C. and Moolthongnoi, C. (2008). The usc of fermented feather meal for replacement fish meal in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental and Natural Resources Journal Vo1.6, No.1, ResearchArtiele\/13.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tAssociation of Official Analytical Chmists (A.O.A.C, 1999). Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Williams (ed) Arlington V.A. p. 102.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tAvwemoya, F. E.,Eze, F. (2018). The Effect of Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Citrullus lanatus and Moringa oleifera Seed Meals on Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Juveniles Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research.2(3): 1-8<br \/>\r\n[13].\tAyinla O.A. (1988). Nutritive and Reproductive Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Ph.D Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tAyinla, O.A.,  Akande, G.R. (1988) Growth Response of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) on silage based diets. NIOMR Tech. paper No3716pp.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tBabalola, T. O., Apata, D. F., Omotosho, J. S., Adebayo, M.A. (2006) Differential Effects of Dietary Lipids on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Fatty Acid Composition and Histology of African Catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis) Fingerlings. Food and Nutrition Sciences 2: 11-21.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tErfanulla, Jafri AK (1998) Protein-sparing effect of dietary carbohydrate in diets for fingerling (Labeo rohita). Aquaculture 136: 331-339.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tEze, F., Eyo, V. O. (2018).  Floating and Stability Effect on Fish Feed Pellets Using Different Concentration of Baobab Leaf Meal (Adansonia digitata) Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 1(4): 1-6.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tFalaye, A. E. (1992). Utilization of Agro-industrial waste as feedstuffs in Nigeria, Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) Pp 11-14.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tFegbenro. O.,  Jauncey, K. (1995). Growth and Protein Utilization by Juvenile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Feed Moist Diets Confining Autolysed Protein from stored Lactic Acid ferment, Bio resource Technology, 48 (1994) 43 \u2013 48.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tGabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A., Bekibele, D.O., Onunkwo, D.N., Anyanwu,P.E. (2007) Locally produced fish feed, potentials for acquaculture development in sub-Saharan<br \/>\r\n[21].\tHecht, T., Appelbaum A. (1988). Observations on intraspecific aggression and coeval sibling cannibalism by larval and juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae: Pisces) under controlled conditions. Journal of Zoologie. 214: 21- 44.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tKarapan, A. (2002). Studies to optimize poly unsaturated fatty acid composition of tilapia for human consumption in S.E. Asia. Aquaculture News.28:6-7.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tMadu, C.T., Aliko, K.T. (2001). The use of live maggot and live Tilapia fry as unconventional<br \/>\r\n[24].\tTechnology in Nigeria. In: Eyo A.A. (eds). Proceedings of the first National             symposium on fish Nutrition and fish feed Technology (NIOMR) Lagos. PP. 72-80<br \/>\r\n[25].\tNRC, (2006).Formulation and Feed Ingredients, Section 18 in:Animal Nutrition Handbook. Pdf Document, pp 575-585.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tOjutiku, R.O. (2008)Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of Fisheries Soc. of Nigeria (FISON), p767-777.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tOtubusin, S.O., Ogunleye, F.O., Agbebi, O.T. (2009). Feeding trials using local protein sources to replace fishmeal in pelleted feeds in catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Culture. European Journal of Scientific Research, 31(1): 142-174.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tSchuchardt, D., Vergara, J.M., Palaciso, H. F., Kalinowski, C.T., Cruz, C.M.H., Robaina, L. (2008). Effects of different dietary protein and Lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of red Porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition. 14(1): 1-9<br \/>\r\n[29].\tSotolu, A.O. (2009). Comparative utilizations of fish waste meal with imported fishmeal by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 4(4): 285-289.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tSotolu, A.O. (2010). Feed utilization and biochemical characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) fingerlings feed diet containing fish oil vegetable oil as total replacements. World Journal of Fish and Marine Science, 2:93-98. Available at http:\/\/idosi.org\/wjfms\/wjfms2(2)10\/4.pdf<br \/>\r\n[31].\tTamburawa, M.S. (2010). Effect of Locustbean Seed Meal Diets on the Performance and Carcass Charactersitics of Broiler Chickens A Ph.D Research Proposal, Presented at the PostgraduateSeminar Series of the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahrnadu BelloUniversity (A.B.U.) Zaria. 15pp<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">F. Eze   &#8220;Effect of Partial Replacement of Soya bean (<i>Glycin max<\/i>) with African Locust Bean (<i>Parkia biglobosa<\/i>) on the Growth Performance and Carcass of <i>Clarias gariepins<\/i> Fingerlings&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.127-132 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/127-132.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/127-132.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-partial-replacement-of-soya-bean-glycin-max-with-african-locust-bean-parkia-biglobosa-on-the-growth-performance-and-carcass-of-clarias-gariepins-fingerlings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Partial Replacement of Soya bean (<i>Glycin max<\/i>) with African Locust Bean (<i>Parkia biglobosa<\/i>) on the Growth Performance and Carcass of <i>Clarias gariepins<\/i> Fingerlings<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a53be3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a53be3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a53cb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a53cb4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a53e20\" data-id=\"5a53e20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a53f31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a53f31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a53fcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a53fcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5413b\" data-id=\"5a5413b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5425c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5425c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Cyanide and Thiocyanate on Thyroxine in Rabbits<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Adedeji S. Asher, Chris A. Etonihu and Dauda S. Mary    &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 133-136<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a542fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a542fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a54483\" data-id=\"5a54483\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a545b1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a545b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Effects of cyanide and thiocyanate on triiodothionine (T3) and the tetraiodothyonine (T4) of the thyroxine were determined on some rabbits selected from Keffi town in Nigeria. The rabbits were fed with food mixed with controlled amounts of cyanide and thiocyanate solutions over a period of six weeks.\u00a0 The effects of cyanide and thiocyanate on the thyroxine were determined spectrophotometrically on \u00a0seven groups of the rabbit samples R1 (control) to R7. \u00a0The results showed a significant (&lt;0.05) depletion in T3 and T4 over the period of six weeks of the studies. For Rabbits R2 (T3: from 3.08ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> to 3.00 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>; T4: from 132.2 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup> to 132.0 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>); R3 (T3: from 3.06 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 3.06 ngml T4: from 132.00 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 131.60 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>); R4 (T3: no change; T4: from 132.40 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 129.50 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>); R5 (T3: from 3.05 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 3.00 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>; T4: from 132.10 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> to 131.50 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup>); R6 (T3: no change; T4: 132.00 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 130.00 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup>) and R7(T3: from 3.08 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> to 2.90 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup>; T4: from 133.00 ngml<sup>-1<\/sup> \u00a0to 129.50 ngm l<sup>-1<\/sup>). Although the thyroid levels of the animal samples were affected by both the cyanide and the thiocyanate, no visible change in the size of the thyroid glands were observed within the period.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 133-136\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Adedeji S. Asher<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Unit, Mathematics Programme, National Mathematical Centre, P. M. B. 118, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chris A. Etonihu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022,  Keffi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dauda S. Mary<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Natural Sciences, University of Abuja, P. M. B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdeoti O., Ayelegun T. A. and Oyewole B. A. (2009). Impact of gari consumption on the water resource of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (25), 7283-7289,<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAkanji AO, Famuyiwa 00 (2011). \u201cThe effects of chronic cassava consumption, cyanide intoxication and protein malnutrition on glucose tolerance in growing rats\u201d, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2: 10-12<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAkindahunsi AA, Grissom FE, Adewusi SR, Afolabi OA, Torimiro SE, Oke OL (1998). \u201cParameters of thyroid function in the endemic goitre of Akungb and Oke-Agbe villages of Akoko area of southwestern Nigeria\u201d. African journal of medicine and medical sciences 27 (3-4): 239 \u2013 42.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAlpco (2011) Quantitative Determination of Free Triiodothyronine (T3) in Human Serum. . <www.alpco.com>.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBidisha Mukherjee (2010) \u201cSigns and Symptoms of Underactive Thyroid\u201d <http:\/\/www.buzzle.com\/articles\/signs-and-symptoms-of--underactive-thyroid.html><br \/>\r\n[6].\tCereda M.P., Matos M.C.Y. (1996): Linamarin &#8211; The toxic compound of cassava. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins, 2 no. 1. Center of Tropical Roots,<br \/>\r\n[7].\tCooke, R.D. (1978). An enzymatic assay for the total cyanide content of cassava. Journal of the Science of Vood and Agriculture, London, 29, p.345-352<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDelange, F., Ekpechi, L.O., and Rosling, H. (1994). Cassava cyanogenesis and iodine deficiency disorders. Acta Horticulturae, 375, 289-293. Etonihu, A. C., Olajubu O., Ekanem, E. 0. and Bako S. S. (2011).<br \/>\r\n[9].\tTitrimetric Evaluation of Cyariogens in Parts of Some Nigerian Cassava Species. Pak. Journal of Nutrition.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tEtonihu A. C., Ocheme B. S., Etonihu J. C., and Efuna C. T. (2009). Mineral and Iodine contents of Edible Salts Deposits from Awe and Keana Areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(2): 174-179<br \/>\r\n[11].\tFrederick Douglass Opie, Hog and Hominy, 2008, Soul Food from Africa to America, (Columbia University Press), chapters 1-2.<br \/>\r\n[12].\t\u201cGoiter.\u201d (18th Aug. 2011) Microsoft Encarta 2008. \u00a9 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tInstituto Nacional de Nutrici\u00f3n (INN), 2000. Tabla de com-posici\u00f3n de alimentos para uso practico. Publicaci\u00f3n N\u00ba 52. Serie de cuadernos azules. Caracas, Venezuela.; p. 64.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tKobawila S.C., Louembe D., Keleke S, Hounhouigan J., Gamba C. (2005 ) (25th Sept. 2011) \u201cReduction Of The Cyanide Content During Fermentation Of Cassava Roots And Leaves To Prothice Bikedi And Ntoba Iv[bodi, Two Food Products From Congo\u201d african journal of biotechnology 4 (7), pp. 689-696, <http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajb><br \/>\r\n[15].\tKundan Pandey (2010) (16th Aug. 2011) \u201cGoiter Causes\u201d <http:\/Jwww.buzzle, com\/articles\/goiter-causes.html><br \/>\r\n[16].\tLinley Chiwona-Karitun, Chrissie Katundu, James Ngoma, Felistus Chipungu, Jonathan Mkumbira, Sidney Simukoko, Janice Jiggins (2002) (25th Sept. 2011) Bitter cassava and women: an intriguing response to food security. LEISA Magazine, 18 Issue 4.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tMurfin Melissa (2009) \u201cUnderstanding T3 and T4 Levels\u201d 9th Sept. 2011<br \/>\r\n<http:\/\/melissa-murfin.suite 1 01. com\/understanding-t4-and-t3 -levels - a145766><br \/>\r\n[18].\tMurphy, B. E., et al. (1964) Determinations of thyroxine utilizing the property of protein-binding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 24: 187-196.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOkafor P. N. (2004). Assessment of cyanide overload in cassava consuming populations of Nigeria and the cyanide content of some cassava based foods. African Journal of Biotechnology 3 (7):35 8-361.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOmole, T.A., and Onwudike, O.C. (1982). Effect of palm oil on the use of cassava peel meal by rabbit. Tropical Animal Production 8: 27-32<br \/>\r\n[21].\tOnabolu, A.O., Oluwole, O.S.A., Bokanga, M., and Rosling, H., (2001). Ecological variation of intake of cassava food and dietary cyanide load in Nigerian communities. Public Health Nutrition 4:871-876<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOsuntokun, B.O., (1994). Chronic cyanide intoxication of dietary origin and a degenerative neairopathy in Nigerians. Acta Horticulture 375: 311-32<br \/>\r\n[23].\tPhillips, T. P. (1983). An overview of cassava consumption and production. In Cassava Toxicity and Thyroid; Proceedings of a Workshop, Ottawa,<br \/>\r\n(International Development Research Centre Monograph 207e). pp. 83-88.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tRavindran, Velmerugu (1992). \u2018Preparation of cassava leaf products and their use as animal feeds.\u201d. FAO aninialprodziction and health paper (Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (95): 111-125.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tSolomonson, L.P., (1981). Cyanide as a metabolic inhibitor. Chemistry of Tropical Root Crops pp: 101-102.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tSusan Elliott (2009) \u201cWhat Is a Normal Thyroxine Level?: eHow Contributor. <http:\/\/www.ehow.com\/about_5418788_normal-thyroxine-level.html><br \/>\r\n[27].\tTaye, M. and Biratu E. (1999). Effect of storage and cooking practices on the total cyanide content of two cassava (Manihot utillissima crantz) cultivars. Sinet: Ethiopian Journal of  Science, 22: 55-66. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adedeji S. Asher, Chris A. Etonihu and Dauda S. Mary    &#8220;Effects of Cyanide and Thiocyanate on Thyroxine in Rabbits&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.133-136 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/133-136.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/133-136.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-cyanide-and-thiocyanate-on-thyroxine-in-rabbits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of Cyanide and Thiocyanate on Thyroxine in Rabbits<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a58005 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a58005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a580e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a580e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a58265\" data-id=\"5a58265\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a58395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a58395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a58435 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a58435\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a585a9\" data-id=\"5a585a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a586bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a586bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Germination Time, Light &#038; Hydrolysis on Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activities of Soya Beans (<i>Glycine max<\/i>) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Henry C. Uro-Chukwu, Eric C. Okoli, Laura C. Okpala    &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 137-145<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a5876f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a5876f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5890a\" data-id=\"5a5890a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a58a45 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a58a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Soybean is a high protein, easily grown, affordable, accessible and culturally acceptable legume, commonly consumed in most LMIC. Its protein content are said to be degraded into smaller beneficial peptides with germination time and some other conditions in most climes. Such peptides have antioxidant properties that explain its health benefits.<br \/>\r\nIn this study, locally grown soya bean was germinated with and without light for days 1 &#8211; 6, and the flour divided into four treatment groups (SBUD, SBHD, SBUL, &#038; SBHL), that was evaluated for antioxidants and antioxidant properties and the results compared.<br \/>\r\nThe results showed differences in TFC, TPC, RPA, GPX, MDA, CAT &#038; DPPH, with those germinated under light and hydrolyzed, showing better antioxidants and properties. The optimal germination time defined by DPPH activity of 61% with excellent correlation with MDA (r value = 0.827) and good correlation with CAT (r value = 0.607) was observed in Day 2 SBHL. It can therefore be said that sprouted soya bean exhibits better antioxidant profile especially when hydrolyzed and germinated with light than raw seeds.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 137-145\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Henry C. Uro-Chukwu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eric C. Okoli<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Mobilization &#038; Disease Control, National Obstetrics Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Laura C. Okpala<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Food Science &#038; Technology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBarnes S, Peterson, G T, and Coward, L.Rationale for the use of genistein-containing matrices in chemopreventive trials for breast and \tprostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem.1995; Suppl., 22:181-187.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tLin PY, Lai HM. Bioactive compound in legumes and their germinated products. J. Agric Food Chem.,2006; 54(11): 3807-3814<br \/>\r\n[3].\tCoward L, Barnes N C, Setchell K D R, Barnes, S. 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Carbon, 2012; 50(8): 2994 &#8211; 3000.<br \/>\r\n[39].\tFerreira ICFR, Baptista P, Vilas-Boas M, Barros L. Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity. Food Chem., 2007; 100: 1511-1516.<br \/>\r\n[40].\tNusrat JB, Rafiquzzaman M, Nur AM. Review on invivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013; 21(2): 143-152<br \/>\r\n[41].\twww,randox.com<br \/>\r\n[42].\tChia-chi C, Ming-Hua Y, Hwei-Mei W, Jiing-Chuan C. Estimation of Total flavonoid content in propolis by two complimentary colorimetric methods. J. Food &#038; Drug Analysis, 2002; 10.3<br \/>\r\n[43].\tUkoha PO, Cemaluk EC, Nnamdi OC, Madus EP. Tannins and other phytochemical of the samanaea saman pods and their antimicrobial activities. Afr. Journal of Pure &#038; Applied Chem., 2011; 5(8): 237-244.<br \/>\r\n[44].\tNilsang S, Lertsiri S, Suphantharika M, Assavanig A. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of fish soluble concentrate by commercial proteases. Journal of Food Engineering, 2005; 70 (4): 571-578.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Henry C. Uro-Chukwu, Eric C. Okoli, Laura C. Okpala    &#8220;Effect of Germination Time, Light &#038; Hydrolysis on Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activities of Soya Beans (<i>Glycine max<\/i>) &#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.137-145 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/137-145.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/137-145.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-germination-time-light-hydrolysis-on-antioxidants-and-antioxidant-activities-of-soya-beans-glycine-max\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Germination Time, Light &#038; Hydrolysis on Antioxidants and Antioxidant Activities of Soya Beans (<i>Glycine max<\/i>)  <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5981a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a5981a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a598e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a598e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a59a57\" data-id=\"5a59a57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a59b87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a59b87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a59c32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a59c32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a59d98\" data-id=\"5a59d98\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5ca1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5ca1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Smart and Secure Home Using Facial Recognition System<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Rashmi N, Khazal Ammaarah, Ujwala L &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 146-148<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a5cb4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a5cb4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5cd2c\" data-id=\"5a5cd2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5ce7f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a5ce7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The two important facets of  human  being  is security  and  surveillance.  The most significant feature of any home security system is to be able to detect who is entering or leaving the house. This paper  presents a new technique which can prevent theft in highly secure home  environment  with  reduced  power  consumption and  more  reliable  standalone  security  device  for  both security     and     intruder     detection     through     \u201cface recognition  door  lock  security  system\u201d.  This  system  is acheived  by  using  Raspberry  pi  circuit.Each  time  an individual   walks   in   front   of   the   door,   the   system recognizes the face and if the face is recorded then the door is unlocked. Otherwise the door does not unlock.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 146-148\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rashmi N<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Khazal Ammaarah<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ujwala L<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Electronics and Communication, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Avalahalli Yelahanka Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tPaul   Viola,   Rapid   Object   Detection   using   a Boosted Cascade of Simple Features, Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2001.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tMarian  Stewart  Bartlett,  Javier  R.  Movellan  and Terrence    J.    Sejnowski,    Face    Recognition    by Independent Component  Analysis  Member,  IEEE, and Fellow,IEEE2.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tJavier           Ruiz-del-Solar           and           Pablo Navarrete, Eigenspace-based   Face   Recognition:   A comparative   study   of   different   approaches,   IEEE 2005.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tManeesh  Ayi  ,  Ajay  Kamal  Ganti  ,  Maheswari Adimulam , Badiganti Karthik , Manisha Banam , G Vimala   Kumari,   Face   Tracking   and   Recognition Using MATLAB and Arduino, IJRASET, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tS.   M.   Kamrul   Hasan   and   Tanvir   Ahmed Chowdhury,    Face    Recognition    Using    Artificial Neural Networks,RUET 2013.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rashmi N, Khazal Ammaarah, Ujwala L &#8220;Smart and Secure Home Using Facial Recognition System&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.146-148 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/146-148.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/146-148.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/smart-and-secure-home-using-facial-recognition-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Smart and Secure Home Using Facial Recognition System<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5dc40 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a5dc40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a5dd19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a5dd19\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5de96\" data-id=\"5a5de96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5dfb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5dfb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e054 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a5e054\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e1c9\" data-id=\"5a5e1c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e2e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a5e2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Solution of 1-Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction Problem by Finite Difference Method and Resistance Formula<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nagesh Babu Reddy K T &#8211; July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 149-153<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e382 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a5e382\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e4f9\" data-id=\"5a5e4f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5e621 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a5e621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In mathematics, Finite-difference methods are numerical methods for approximating the solutions to differential equations using finite difference equations to approximate derivatives. Finite differences method is used in soil physics problems. An important application of finite differences is in numerical analysis, especially in numerical differential equations, which aim at the numerical solution of ordinary and partial differential equations respectively. Finite Difference Method is mainly preferred because of we can solve the problems which are difficult to solve from conventional engineering methods. In this paper we are solving the one dimensional steady state heat conduction problems by finite difference method and  comparing the results with exact solutions obtained by using Resistance formula. In this paper we are solving the problems by using the Resistance formula because it gives the exact solutions. To solve the problem by Finite Difference Method we are using some mathematical applications they are Taylor series, Fourier series, crammer\u2019s rule. After the solutions are obtained from the both methods we have to draw the graphs to show that both the obtained results are equal.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 149-153\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nagesh Babu Reddy K T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Humanities &#038; Sciences (Mathematics), Navodaya Institute of Technology, Raichur, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. H K Shivanand<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Visveswarayya College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560001, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tMehran Makhtoumi, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Science and Research Branch, IAU Tehran, Iron, \u201cNumerical SolutionofHeatDiffusionEquation OverOneDimensionalRodRegion\u201d vol.7 No3May2017,ISSN2221-8386.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tYoung Min Han, Joo Suk Cho and Hyung Suk Kang, \u201cAnalysis of a One-Dimensional Fin Using The Analytic Method and the Finite Difference Method\u201d vol.9 No.1 91-98,2005.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBiplab Das and Asis Giri (2015), \u201cMixed Convective heat Transfer from Vertical Fin Array in the Presence of Vortex Generator\u201d International Journal Of Heat And Mass Transfer 82 (2015) Elesvier; pp26-41.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tH. C. Saxena, Finite-Differences and Numerical Analysis, Thirteen Revised Edition, 1997, Published byS.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChand&#038; Company Ltd., New Delhi<br \/>\r\n[6].\tLaurence V. Fausett, Applied Numerical Analysis Using MATLAB, Second Edition, 2009, Published by Dorling Kindersley(INDIA)Pvt.Ltd.,Noida<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nagesh Babu Reddy K T &#8220;Solution of 1-Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction Problem by Finite Difference Method and Resistance Formula&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.149-153 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/149-153.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/149-153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/solution-of-1-dimensional-steady-state-heat-conduction-problem-by-finite-difference-method-and-resistance-formula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Solution of 1-Dimensional Steady State Heat Conduction Problem by Finite Difference Method and Resistance Formula<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a5f380 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a5f380\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a62172 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a62172\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a623c7\" data-id=\"5a623c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a62513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a62513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a625ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a625ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6274c\" data-id=\"5a6274c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a62872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a62872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio on Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Wycliffe Mugun, Scholastica A. Odhiambo, Gideon Momanyi- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 154-162<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a62919 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a62919\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a62a92\" data-id=\"5a62a92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a62bc6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a62bc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Microfinance is the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers and insurance to the poor and low-income households and their micro enterprises. However, owing to the fact that there is limited literature on the determinants of financial performance, various studies conducted indicate divergent views on the effect of debt to equity ratio on financial performance. For this reasons it is not clear whether or not debt to equity ratio affect financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Kenya. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of debt to equity ratio on financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. The specific objectives were to; find out the effect of debt to equity ratio, portfolio to assets ratio and  operating expense ratio on the financial performance of MFIs in Kenya. Sample size consisted a panel data set of 12 MFIs selected using purposing sampling method for the period from 2009 to 2013 and secondary data was collected. Fixed effect model was the preferred model based on the Hausman specification but the study used random effect model since fixed effect model gave insignificant results. Random effect model results revealed that debt to equity ratio had a negative but insignificant relationship with return on assets ratio. Portfolio to assets ratio had a positive relationship with financial performance but the relationship was not significant. Operating expense ratio had negative and significant relationship with return to assets ratio. The coefficient for lagged return to assets ratio was 0.4733, debt to equity ratio was -0.0026, portfolio to assets ratio was 0.0090 and coefficient for operating expense ratio was   -0.1857. P-values for DER was 0.878 , PAR, 0.686 and OER, 0.000. The study recommends that AMFI should conduct audit to ensure that all MFIs maintain a proper balance between debt and equity.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 154-162\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Wycliffe Mugun<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Maseno University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Scholastica A. Odhiambo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Maseno University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gideon Momanyi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Economics, Maseno University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAbebe, T. (2014).Determinants of financial performance:An Empirical study onEthiopian commercial Banks. (Unpublished MSC Thesis), Jimma University,Ethiopia.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAthanasoglou, p., Brissimis, S. and Delis, M. (2006). Bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic determinant s of bank profitability, Bank of Greece Working Paper, Greece.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAlkhatib. A,(2012). Financial performance of Palestinian commercial bank, International  Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol.3 No.3<br \/>\r\n[4].\tAl-Tarawneh, A, Khataybeh, M. (2015). Portfolio behaviour of commercial banks. The expected utility approach evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Economic  and Financial Issue, Vol (5) pp. 312-323<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAntonio,A.Garret,I.,&#038; Priestly,R.(1998).Calculating the equity cost of capital using the APT: The Impact of  the ERM.Journal of International  Money and Finance,14,949-965<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBerger, A. &#038; Bonaccorrsi, P.E. (2006). Capital structure and firm performance: A new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking  industry, Journal of Banking and Finance.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBower, D., Bower, R., &#038; Logue, D. (1984).Arbitrage pricing and utility stock returns.  Journal of Finance, 39, 1041-1054<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDisanayake, D.M., &#038; Anuranya, B.K. (2012) .Determinants of return on assets; evidence from  microfinance institutions in Sri lanka. Microfinance  Industry Report, pp.14  retrieved from http:\/\/ssrn. com\/abstract = 1990281.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tJensen, M. (1968).The performance of mutual funds in the period 1945-1964.Journal of  Finance, 23,389-416<br \/>\r\n[10].\tKosmidou, K. &#038; Zopounidis, C. (2008). Measurement of bank performance in Greece,  South-Eastern Journal of Economics Vol.1, PP 79-95.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tModigliani, F. and Miller, M.H. (1958). The cost of capital, corporate finance and the  theory of investment. The American Economic Review.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMuchomba, J.K. (2013). Determinants of commercial banks investment portfolios in   Kenya. (Unpublished  Economics Masters Thesis), University of Nairobi,Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMunyambonera, E.F. (2012).Determinants of commercial bank performance in  Sub-Saharan Africa. (Unpublished Phd  Economics Thesis),Makerere University,Uganda.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tNdong, B. (2015). Effect of portfolio equity investment flows on equity returns and Economic growth in 11 major Africa stock markets. International Journal of Economics and Finance, vol.7 pp. 916-971.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tNjeru, M.D., Njeru,A.,Member, F.,&#038; Ondabui.T.(2015).Effect of loan repayment on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOS in Mount Kenya Region. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, volume 10, No.4, pp.1238-1244<br \/>\r\n[16].\tRobinson, M. (1998). Microfinance the paradigm shift from credit delivery to  sustainable financial intermediation in mwangis kimenyi, robert c wieland and von pischke (ed) strategic issues in microfinance. Aldershot. Ashgate Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tTabak, B.M., Fazio,D. M, &#038; Cajueiro, D.O.(2010).The Effects of loan portfolio concentration on  Brazilian Banks return and risk.Working Paper Series, 215 Banco Central DBrasil<br \/>\r\n[18].\tUgur, Z. (2006). Commercial Banks and Microfinance. College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal (CUREL), 1-9.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWeesainghe, V. &#038; Ravinda, T. (2013). Determinants of profitability of commercial banks in Srilanka, International Journal of Arts and Commerce, Vol.2 No.10<br \/>\r\n[20].\tYadollahzadeh, N., Ahmedi, M, and Sultan, M. (2013). The effective factors on profitability of commercial banks in Iran, World of Sciences Journal.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Wycliffe Mugun, Scholastica A. Odhiambo, Gideon Momanyi &#8220;Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio on Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.154-162 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/154-162.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/154-162.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-debt-to-equity-ratio-on-financial-performance-of-microfinance-institutions-in-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio on Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a63990 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a63990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a63a5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a63a5e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a63bda\" data-id=\"5a63bda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a63cfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a63cfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a63d97 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a63d97\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a63f0b\" data-id=\"5a63f0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a64021 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a64021\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Delineation of the Subsurface Geological Structures over Shani Basement and Environs, North-East Nigeria, Using Aeromagnetic Data<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bello Sani and Hassan U. Msheliza- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 163-168<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a640bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a640bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a64231\" data-id=\"5a64231\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a64377 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a64377\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Qualitative analysis of aeromagnetic data over Shani and its environs had been carried out with the aim of delineating mineral potential zone. The study area is bounded by 9o 30\u02b9 N and 10o 30\u02b9 N, and longitudes 11o 30\u02b9 E and 12o 30\u02b9 E. N with an estimated total area of 12,100 km2. Different enhancement techniques were used to filter the short wavelength anomalies which could give preliminary information about the magnetic minerals present in the study area. The total magnetic intensity map shows variation of both highs and lows magnetic signature ranges from \u2013 31.9.2 nT to 220.8 nT and -29.5 nT to 213.4 nT after the removal of IGRF value of 33,000 nT; the highs which is basement dominates the north- and north-east part of the study area which corresponds to Wuyo, Walama and part of Shelleng; these are areas with promising minerals of economic potentials like, Uranium, porphyritic granite etc. The low magnetic values on the other hand, which is made up of sediment deposition also dominates the southern part of the study area, this area corresponds to southern part of Wuyo, Bargu, Kire and Shelleng and Guyuk host some industrial minerals like limestone, Clay, glass Sands, gypsum and Coal. The greenish part of the study area indicates alluvium deposition. The filters used are vertical derivatives, and horizontal derivative. The first and second vertical derivatives; shows structures like lineament that could be the host to minerals present in the study area and it trends NE-SW. The horizontal derivative map shows that magnetic amplitude highs could be found at the northern end with most lineaments delineated also conform to other filter used which could be used to mapped shallow basement structures and mineral exploration targets. Lineament map obtained from CET shows linear structures that trend in the NE-SW and E-W directions these could be interpreted as veins that are host for minerals within the area, they are predominant around Wuyo and Shani in Borno State and Shelleng in Adamawa State The results of these filters agreed largely and since most magnetic minerals are structural controls, it is expected that those lineaments identified, most especially at the northern and north east portions, could play host to those minerals aforementioned.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 163-168\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bello Sani <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhysics Department College of Education Waka \u2013 Biu , Borno State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan U. Msheliza<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhysics Department College of Education Waka \u2013 Biu , Borno State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdekoya J.A. (2003) Environmental effect of solid minerals mining, J. Phys. Sci. Kenya 625\u2013640.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAjakaiye D.E., Hall D.H., Millar T.W. (1985) Interpretation of aeromagnetic data across the central crystalline shield area of Nigeria, Geophys. J. Int. 83 (2) 503\u2013 517.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBaranov, V. (1957). A new method for interpretation of aeromagnetic maps: pseudo-gravimetric anomalies. Geophysics.22.359-383.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBassey, N.E. Ezeigbo, H.I. and Kwache, J.B., (1999). Hydrogeological study of Duhu area (Sheet 135)N.E. Nigeria on the basis of Aeromagnetic data. Water resources Journal of National association of Hydrogeologist. 10: 26-30.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tBiswas A (2016) Interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomaly over thin sheet-type structure using very fast simulated annealing global optimization technique. Modeling Earth Sys &#038; Environ 2: 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBiswas A, Parija MP, Kumar S (2017) Global nonlinear optimization for the interpretation of source parameters from total gradient of gravity and magnetic anomalies caused by thin dyke. Annals of Geophys 60: 1-17.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tCooper G.R.J.( 2009) Balancing images of potential field data\u2016, Geophysics, Vol. 74, pp. 17- 20.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tElkins T A (1951) The Second Derivative Method of Gravity Interpretation Geophys. 23 29-50<br \/>\r\n[9].\tEmujakporue, G., Ofoha, C., and Kiani, I. (2017) Investigation into the basement morphology and tectonic lineament using aeromagnetic anomalies of Parts of Sokoto Basin, North Western, Nigeria. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tGrant, N. K., 1971. A Compilation of radiometric ages from Nigeria, Journal of Mining and Geology, 6: 37-54.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tGrauch V J S and Cordell L (1987) Limitations of Determining Density or Magnetic Boundaries<br \/>\r\n[12].\tfrom the Horizontal Gradient of Gravity or Pseudogravity Data Short Note Geophys. 52 118- 121<br \/>\r\n[13].\tGunn P., Maidment D., and Milligan P. (1997) Interpreting aeromagnetic data in areas of limited outcrop. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology &#038; Geophysics, 17(2), p.175\u2013185.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tcCurry, P., (1979). The geology of the Precambrian to lower Palaeozoic rocks of northern Nigeria a review in C.A. Kogbe (ed.): Geology of Nigeria Elizabethan press Lagos. 15-39pp.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tNdougsa-Mbarga T, Feumoe AN, Manguelle-Dicoum E, Fairhead JD (2012) Aeromagnetic data interpretation to locate buried faults in South-East Cameroon. Geophysica 48: 49\u201363.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOsinowo O, Akanji, A., &#038; Olayinka A. (2013). Application of high resolution aeromagnetic data for basement topography mapping of Siluko and environs, southwestern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2013.11.005<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSharma, P. V. (2002). Environmental and engineering geophysics. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom..<br \/>\r\n[18].\tUdensi, E. E. (2001). Interpretation of total magnetic field over the Nupe Basin in west central Nigeria using aeromagnetic data. Ph.D thesis A.B.U. Zaria Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tUdensi, E. E., &#038; Osazuwa, I. B. (2002). Two and Half Dimensional Modelling of the Major Structures Underlying the Nupe Basin, Nigeria using Aeromagnetic Data. Nigerian Journal of Physics (NJP), 14(1), 55 \u2013 61.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bello Sani and Hassan U. Msheliza &#8220;Delineation of the Subsurface Geological Structures over Shani Basement and Environs, North-East Nigeria, Using Aeromagnetic Data&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.163-168 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/163-168.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/163-168.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/delineation-of-the-subsurface-geological-structures-over-shani-basement-and-environs-north-east-nigeria-using-aeromagnetic-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Delineation of the Subsurface Geological Structures over Shani Basement and Environs, North-East Nigeria, Using Aeromagnetic Data<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6547c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a6547c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a65556 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a65556\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a656e6\" data-id=\"5a656e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6581f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a6581f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a658c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a658c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a65a3b\" data-id=\"5a65a3b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a65b54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a65b54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Comparative Study on Various Image Segmentation Techniques<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>C. M. Naga Sudha, T. Brinda- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 169-175<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a65bf3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a65bf3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a65d66\" data-id=\"5a65d66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a65f58 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a65f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Medical images(CT scans, MRI scans) play a vital role in diagnosing the disease. In order to diagnose the disease, medical images must be viewed clearly. So for clear visual appearance, medical images have been splitted into Region of Interest(RoI) and Non-Region of Interest(RoI) in which RoI must be visualized clearly for diagnosing the disease and to provide preventive measures. Therefore, to focus only on the RoI which is diagnostically important, segmentation is used. Segmentation is the most fundamental and important technique which is used to analyze images. The main aim of segmentation method is to simplify the complex problem into simpler ones by dividing the pixels based on the characteristics. After segmenting the image into regions, the pixel information can be stored and transmitted without any loss. Hence, there is a need for developing segmentation algorithms which consumes minimal time. In this work, existing segmentation methods such as edge-based segmentation, region-based segmentation, threshold-based segmentation, clustering-based segmentation have been analyzed based on the performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 169-175\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>C. M. Naga Sudha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nTeaching Fellow, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chennai- 600 025, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>T. Brinda<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAP\/CSE, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli-627007, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tJ. Da Rugna, C. Gael, K. Hubert, About Segmentation Step in Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems, in Proceedings of World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 1,19\u201321, USA (2011)<br \/>\r\n[2].\tM. Sonka, V. Hlavac, R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision, 2nd ed.,Thomson<br \/>\r\n[3].\tR. Dass, Priyanka, S. Devi, Image segmentation techniques. Intl. J. Electron. Commun.Technol. 3(1) (2012)<br \/>\r\n[4].\tG.S. Rawat, J. Bhattacharjee, R. Soni, Proposed method for image segmentation using similarity based region merging techniques. Intl J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. 3(5), 5128\u2013 5132 (2012)<br \/>\r\n[5].\tS. Saini, K. Arora, A study analysis on the different image segmentation techniques.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tA.M. Khan, S. Ravi, Image segmentation methods: A comparative study. Intl. J. Soft Comput.Eng. 3(4) (2013)<br \/>\r\n[7].\tR. Kandwal, A. Kumar, S. Bhargava, Review: existing image segmentation techniques. Intl.J. Adv. Res. Comp. Sci. Sofw. Eng. 4(4) (2014)<br \/>\r\n[8].\tN. Senthilkumaran, R. Rajesh, Edge detection techniques for image segmentation\u2014a survey of soft computing approaches. Int. J. Recent Trends Eng. 1(2) (2009)<br \/>\r\n[9].\tH.G. Kaganami, Z. Beiji, Region-Based Segmentation Versus Edge Detection. Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (2009)<br \/>\r\n[10].\tMr. S.S. Al-amri, Dr. N.V. Kalyankar, Dr. S.D. Khamitkar, Image segmentation by using edge detection. Intl. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 2(3), 804\u2013807 (2010)<br \/>\r\n[11].\tA.A. Aly, S.B. Deris, N. Zaki, Research review for digital image segmentation techniques. Intl. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. 3(5) (2011)<br \/>\r\n[12].\tP. Karch, I. Zolotova, An Experimental Comparison of Modern Methods of Segmentation. 8th IEEE international symposium on applied machine intelligence and informatics, 28\u201330 january, 2010 (Slovakia)<br \/>\r\n[13].\tAlireza Norouzia, Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahima, Medical Image Segmentation Methods, Algorithms, and Applications, IETE Technical Review, 23 Jun 2014<br \/>\r\n[14].\tXin Sun, Xiaoxiao Wang, Study of Edge Detection Algorithms for Lung CT Image on the basis of MATLAB, IEEE 2011.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tYuri Y. Boykov and Marie-Pierre Jolly, \u201cInteractive Graph Cuts For Optimal Boundary &#038; Region Segmentation Of Objects In N-D Images\u201d, Proceedings Of \u201cInternation Conference On Computer Vision\u201d, Vancouver, Canada, Vol.I, P.105, July 2001.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tManoj kumar V,Sumithra M G, Performance Comparison of Different Medical image segmentation algorithms For normal and abnormal brain MRI, International Journal of<br \/>\r\n[17].\tLatest Research in Science and Technology Vol.1,Issue 4 :Page No.369-372 ,November- December (2012).<br \/>\r\n[18].\tBasavaprasad B, Ravi M, A comparative study on classification of image segmentation methods with a focus on graph based techniques,International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 03, 03 May-2014.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tSneha Jain and Vijaya Laxmi, Color Image Segmentation Techniques: A Survey, Proceedings of the International Conference on Microelectronics,Computing &#038; Communication Systems, Springer 2018<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">C. M. Naga Sudha, T. Brinda&#8221;A Comparative Study on Various Image Segmentation Techniques&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.169-175 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/169-175.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/169-175.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-comparative-study-on-various-image-segmentation-techniques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>A Comparative Study on Various Image Segmentation Techniques<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a66f21 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a66f21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a66ff5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a66ff5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a67179\" data-id=\"5a67179\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a672a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a672a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a67346 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a67346\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a674b4\" data-id=\"5a674b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a675d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a675d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Adoption of Improved Management Technologies among Poultry Farmers in Igabi Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ishola, B.F. and Olukotun, O.- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 176-181<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a67683 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a67683\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a677ff\" data-id=\"5a677ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a67939 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a67939\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9471\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study investigated the adoption of improved management techniques among poultry farmers in  Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Data were collected randomly through the use of well-structured questionnaire and personal oral interview from seventy two (72) poultry farmers. Descriptive statistics such as mean score, percentage and frequency table were used to analyse the data. The findings indicated that majority (68.06 %) of the respondents were male, while about 76% of the farmers were between the ages of 20-49 years old. Awareness of the improved management technologies were 100 % for both vaccination and improved feeding technologies among the farmers respectively. The mean score showed that 75.70 % of the poultry farmers had good awareness of the technologies, 72.40% of the farmers had interest in the improved technologies and 66.67 % claimed to have evaluated these improved poultry management technologies. Vaccination had the highest adoption level of 100 where about 66.49 % of the poultry farmers had adopted one or more of these technologies, 19.27% were at trial stage while 14.41 % of the farmers failed to adopt one or any of the improved management technologies in the study area. Improved technologies were too expensive (95.83%), lack of credit\/funds to adopt (93.06%), lack of government support (77.78%) and lack of training (66.67%) were the major constraints affecting adoption of poultry management technologies in the study area. In view of the findings, the study highlighted the need for government to address the issue of credit availability through an institutionalize frame work aimed at linking farmers to formal sources of credit, if the quantum of poultry production is to keep pace with the protein requirement of the population. The study also recommended that farmers should establish cooperative society so that they can pool their resources and knowledge together in solving most of the problems identified in this study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 176-181\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 08 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9472\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ishola, B.F.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nForestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan.Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olukotun, O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization P.M.B. 2273, Afaka-Kaduna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9473\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAdetimirin, O.T. (2000): Analysis of Egg Marketing in Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Unpublished B. Tech. Project. Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria<br \/>\r\n[2].\tAgwu, A.E. (2004): Factors influencing Adoption of Improved cowpea Production technologies in Nigeria Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education,11 (10):  81-88<br \/>\r\n[3].\tAgwu, A.E., Ekwueme J.N. and Anyanwu. A.C. (2008): Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies Disseminated via Radio Farmer Programme by Famers in Enugu State Nigeria: Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (9):1277 \u2013 1286.<br \/>\r\n[4].\t Akanni,  K. A.(2007): Effect of Micro-Finance on Small Scale Poultry Business in South  Western Nigeria.  Emiater Journal of Food    and Agriculture, 19 (2): 38-47<br \/>\r\n[5].\tAphunu A, and Akpobasa B.I.(2009):Adoption of Improved Poultry Management Practices in Ughelli Agricultural Zone of Delta State. In Proceeding of Nigerian Society of Animal Production held at University of Uyo, Uyo, March 2009. Pp 250-253.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tBank, S.(1979):\u201cA  Complete Handbook of Poultry Keeping\u201d Wardlock Ltd. London.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tBinuomote, S.O., Ajetomobi, J.O. and Ajao, A.O. (2008). Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Producers in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(12): 1227 &#8211; 1231<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDurston, J. (1996): Background Papers: Comparative International Analysis of Rural Youth Policy in Developing Countries: Coping with Diversity Change. pp 45-61. In: Expert Consultation on Extension Rural Youth Programmes and Sustainable Development. FAO, Rome.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tEwuola, S. O. (1985). \u201cAn Analysis of The Effectiveness of Small Holder FarmersCredit Programme in Ondo State. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. EWLG, (1996). Esan-West Local Government Area in Picture. 18pp.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tEzeibe, A.B.C., Okorji, E.C., Chah, J.M. and Abudei, R.M. (2014): Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Rural Poultry Farmers Adoption of Improved Management Practices in Enugu State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(20): 1604-1609.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tFederal Government of Nigeria\/United Nation Children Emergency Fund (1994): Nutritional Status of Women andChildren in Nigeria. In: ICN Report Nigeria, Lagos-Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tFood Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2004): The State of the World Fisheries Aquaculture. 2002 FAO Fisheries Department, Rome. Pp 3-6, 14 -15, 18 -22 and 40.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tMaziya-Dixon, B., I.O. Akinyele, E.B. Oguntona, S. Nokoe, R.A. Sanusi and E. Harris.( 2004). Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey 2001-2003. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tMaziya-Dixon, B., Onyezili, F., Oguntona, E.B., Harris, E., Sanusi, R., Nokoe, S.,  and Akinyele, I. (2006). Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey 2001-2003 interviewer&#8217;s manual. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA, (136p).<br \/>\r\n[15].\tNPC, (2006): National Population Commission, Federal Office Office of Statisitics. Census 2006.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tOkon. S.(1983): Minimum Cost Ratios and Optimum Marketing Weight in broiler Production with Ground nut Meal as Source of Protein. Unpublished M.Sc Thesis , Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tOkunlola, J.O. and Olofinsawe, A.(2007): Effect of Extension Activities on Poultry Production in Ondo State, South Western Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 2: 559 -563<br \/>\r\n[18].\tOkunmadewa, F.Y. (1999). Livestock Industry as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 2: 21-30<br \/>\r\n[19].\tOlaniyi, A.O., Adesiyan, I. O. and Ayoade, R. A. (2008):Constraints to Utilization of Poultry Production Technology among Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 24 (4): 305-309.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tOluyemi, J.A. and Robert, F.A. (2000): Poultry Production in Warm Wet Climates.Spectrum Book Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tOtegbeye, G.O, Owonubi, J.J and Oviasuyi, P.K; (2001): inter specific variation growth of Eucalyptus Growing in Northern Nigeria: In Proceeding of the 27th Annual Conference of Forest Association of Nigeria held in Abuja. Ed by Poppoola, Abu J.E and Oni, P.l: pp. 12- 16.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tOyeyinka, R.A., Raheem, W. K., Ayanda, I. F. and Abiona, B. G (2011): Poultry Farmers\u2019 Awareness and Knowledge of Improved Production Practices in Afijio,Local Government Area, Oyo sSate, Nigeria. E3 Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 1(1): 001-008.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tRogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations. 4th edition. New York, The Free Press.p247.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tUmeh, G.N. and  Odo, B.I. ( 2002): Profitability of Poultry Production among School Leavers in Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 29 (1): 76 \u2013 80.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tUnited State Agency for International Development ( USAID) ( 2005): Global Horticulture  Assessment.The World Vegetable Centre.  Available , http\/pdf usaid.gov\/pdf \u2013 docs\/pnadh 769 pdf. Accessed 20th July, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tVan dan ban, A.W. and Hawkins, H. (1960): Agricultural Extension.2nd edition. Blackwell Science Ltd.. 25 John Street, London<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9474\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ishola, B.F. and Olukotun, O. &#8220;Adoption of Improved Management Technologies among Poultry Farmers in Igabi Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.176-181 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/176-181.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9475\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/176-181.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9476\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/adoption-of-improved-management-technologies-among-poultry-farmers-in-igabi-local-government-area-kaduna-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Adoption of Improved Management Technologies among Poultry Farmers in Igabi Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a686d2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a686d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a6879d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a6879d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a708f4\" data-id=\"5a708f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a70bf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a70bf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a70d5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a70d5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a7108a\" data-id=\"5a7108a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a7424f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a7424f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determinants of Sustainable Performance of SMEs: A Proposed Framework<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Amina Asabe Adamu, Chong Yen Wan, Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 182-188<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a743ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a743ea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a7475f\" data-id=\"5a7475f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a74a01 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a74a01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9481\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9482\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9483\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9484\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9485\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9486\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9481\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the sustainable development of a nation. They are the core of an economic system as they   provide employment and contribute to GDP. The need for their sustainable performance is therefore important. This paper presents a conceptual framework aimed at investigating the factors that influence the sustainable performance of SMEs. Though, the number of researches that focused on SMEs seem to increase, previous literature reveals there is a dearth of studies exploring the factors that influence SMEs performance from sustainability perspectives, whether conceptual or empirical. Moreover, the findings of the few studies in this area were inconsistent. The study identifies five factors that are necessary and applicable to the sustainable performance of SMEs. The five factors are ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to ICT, access to finance, and innovativeness. The study suggests an empirical investigation to test the moderating effect of innovativeness on the relationship between ethical sensitivity, knowledge sharing intensity, access to ICT, access to finance, and sustainable performance of SMEs<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 182-188\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9482\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Amina Asabe Adamu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chong Yen Wan <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9483\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abraham, H., &#038; Balogun, I. . 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Steinerowska-Streb , I . and Steiner , A . ( 2014 ) An analysis of external finance availability on SMEs \u2019 decision making\u202f: a case study of the emerging market of Poland . Thunderbird Copyright \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals , Inc . This is the accepted versio, (April), 373\u2013386.<br \/>\r\n[45].\tRiggins, F. J., &#038; Weber, D. M. (2013). The Impact of ICT on Intermediation in the Microfinance Industry. 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (1), 4246\u20134255.<br \/>\r\n[46].\tRozzani, N., Rahman, R. A., Yusuf, I. S., &#038; Syed, S. N. (2013). Applying technology: Issues in microfinance operations. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(3).<br \/>\r\n[47].\tSerrano-Cinca, C., &#038; Guti\u00e9rrez-Nieto, B. (2014). Microfinance, the long tail and mission drift. International Business Review, 23(1), 181\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2013.03.006<br \/>\r\n[48].\tSetyanti, S. W. L. H., Troena, E. A., Nimran, U., &#038; Rahayu, M. (2013). Innovation Role in Mediating the Effect of Entrepreneurship Orientation , Management Capabilities and Knowledge Sharing Toward Business Performance\u202f: Study at Batik SMEs in East Java Indonesia. Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 16\u201327.<br \/>\r\n[49].\tSila, A. K. (2014). Relationship between training and performance. European Journal of Business and Social Scince, 3(1), 95\u2013117.<br \/>\r\n[50].\tSingh, P. (2012). Funding structure and performance of microfinance. Gian Jyoti E-Journal, 1(3), 124\u2013135.<br \/>\r\n[51].\tSMEDAN. (2013). Smedan and National Bureau of St<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9484\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Amina Asabe Adamu, Chong Yen Wan, Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse &#8220;Determinants of Sustainable Performance of SMEs: A Proposed Framework&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.182-188 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/182-188.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9485\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/182-188.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9486\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determinants-of-sustainable-performance-of-smes-a-proposed-framework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Determinants of Sustainable Performance of SMEs: A Proposed Framework<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a765d6 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a765d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a76767 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a76767\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a770d2\" data-id=\"5a770d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a7732b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a7732b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a77477 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a77477\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a77732\" data-id=\"5a77732\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a77979 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a77979\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effects of Dividend Policy on Corporate Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>USMAN Owolabi. A., OLORUNNISOLA Abiola. O- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 189-194<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a77aae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a77aae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a77d87\" data-id=\"5a77d87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a77fcf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a77fcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9481\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9482\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9483\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9484\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9485\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9486\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9481\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9481\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dividend policy refers to firm decision framework on payout pattern from corporate earnings. The quantum of such payment has largely conveyed acceptance\/rejection information about such share in the Nigerian capital market. Firm\u2019s dividend policy has been identified as a major determinant of investors\u2019 attraction to a corporate share in the capital market. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of dividend policy on corporate performance in selected Nigeria Deposit Money Banks (NDMBs). Purposive random sampling method was used to select seven out of the sixteen quoted NDMBs based on the size of their capital. Secondary data used were obtained from annual reports of sampled NDMBs and Nigerian Stock Exchange over a period of ten years (2009-2018). The variables used in this study included Retained Earnings (RE), Earning Per Share (EPS), Dividend Per Share (DPS), Return On Equity (ROE), Dividend Payout (DPO), and Market Value (MV). Collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as the mean, Standard deviation and Panel regression. Panel regression was used to assess the effects of dividend policy on corporate performance of NDMBs. The results showed that RE, EPS and DPS had positive significant effect on CP with coefficient value of 0.459; (p < 0.000), 0.003; (p < 0.003), 0.788; (p < 0.001) respectively with Adj. R2 = 0.311. The research concluded that dividend policy has significant effect on corporate performance of NDMBs. This study recommended that, managers should improve their working capital and measure them with fair value. Also, banks should increase the level of asset capital to improve profitability. They should be consistent with dividend payout ratio of the shareholder of NDMBs.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 189-194\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9482\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9482\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>USMAN Owolabi. A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>OLORUNNISOLA Abiola. O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9483\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9483\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAlii, K.L., Khan, A.Q. and Ramirez, G.G. (1993) \u201cDeterminants of corporate dividend policy: A factorial analysis\u201d, Financial Review, 28: 523-47<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBaker C and Wurgler O (2004).Behavioural corporate finance; a survey.The national bureau of economic research 13(3) 567-586<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBishop, S. R., Harvey, R. Crapp, R., Faff, W. and Twite, G. J. (2000). Corporate Finance. Syndey: Prentice Hall Inc.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBank and other financial institution Act LFN (2004) CAP. B3,  pp 58.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tChandra, P, (1984), Financial Management Theory and Practice, New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill \tPublishing Company Ltd., p. 3<br \/>\r\n[6].\tCompanies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA)1990http:\/\/www.nigerialaw.org\/Companies andAlliedMattersAct.htm (10.12.2016)<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDenis, D.J., and Osobov, I., (2008). Why do firms pay dividends? International evidence on  the determinants of dividend policy. J. Financial Economics, 89 (1) : 62-82.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tFoong, S.S., Zakaria, N.B. and Tan, H.B. (2007) Firm Performance and Dividend Related Factors: The Case of Malaysia, Labuan Bulletin of International Business &#038; Finance, vol. 5: 97 111<br \/>\r\n[9].\tLi W and Lie E. (2006). Dividend changes and catering incentives.Journal of financial economicsvol 80(2) 293-308<br \/>\r\n[10].\tLintner, J. (1956) Distribution of income of corporations among dividends, retained earnings and taxes\u2016, American Economic Review, 60, 1\u201340<br \/>\r\n[11].\tLintner, J (1962). Dividends, earnings, leverage, stock prices and the supply of capital to Corporations.Review of Economics and Statistics, August, 243-269<br \/>\r\n[12].\tMohamed N., Hui W., Omar N., Rhamam  R., Mastuki N., Zakaria S 2006, Empirical analysis of determinist of dividend payment: profitability and liquidity, Accounting research institute and Faculty of accountancy, Malaysia.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tNigerian Stock Exchange fact book, (2007) various issues.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tOlowe, A. (2008). Financial Management: Concepts, financial system and Business finance. Lagos: Brierly Jones Nigeria Ltd<br \/>\r\n[15].\tPandey, I.M., (2003), \u201cCorporate Dividend Policy and Behavior: The Malaysian Evidence\u201d, Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol.8, No. 1, pp. 17-32.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tPye, G. (1972), Preferential Tax Treatment of Capital Gains, Optimal Dividend Policy and Capital Budgeting, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 86, pp 226-242.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tRoss, S.A., Westerfield, R.W. &#038; Jaffe, J. (2002) Corporate Finance (6th ed.), McGraw-Hill Companies<br \/>\r\n[18].\tUwuigbe, O. R., (2013), Determinants of Dividend Policy: A study of selected listed Firms in Nigeria. Journal of Change and Leadership, No. 17, pp.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tWatson, D. and Head, A.  (2004)  corporate finance:  Principles and practice (3rd ed.)  Essex: Pearson Education Ltd.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9484\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9484\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">USMAN Owolabi. A., OLORUNNISOLA Abiola. O &#8220;<br \/>\r\nEffects of Dividend Policy on Corporate Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<br \/>\r\n&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.189-194 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/189-194.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9485\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9485\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/189-194.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9486\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9486\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effects-of-dividend-policy-on-corporate-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effects of Dividend Policy on Corporate Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a7ef61 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a7ef61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a82fef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a82fef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a83363\" data-id=\"5a83363\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a835bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a835bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a83732 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a83732\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a83a0b\" data-id=\"5a83a0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a83c54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a83c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Yam Production in Ondo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>O. O, Ilemobayo and J. O, Ijigbade- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 195-200<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a83da1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a83da1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a840df\" data-id=\"5a840df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a842cf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a842cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9496\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9491\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study analyses determinants and profitability of yam production in Ondo State. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. A multi-stage sampling technique were used to select respondents in the study area. The results shows a positive relationship between the amount realized from sale of yam output and the explanatory variables such as clearing cost(0.219), heaping cost(8.693), staking cost(1.241), cost of yam setts(3.925) and harvesting cost(5.383). The result also shows an inverse relationship between transportation cost (- 1.185) and amount realized from sales of yam. The R2 value of 0.898 indicating 89.8 % of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the explanatory variables. The result of the socio-economic characteristics shows that  63.3% of the farmers were in their active age of not more than 45year, 66.7 % were male, 83.3 % married, 91.7% had one form of education or the other, 58.3% had contact with extension agents and 76.7% cultivated above 1ha of land. The gross margin analysis revealed that yam production had a positive gross margin of \u20a631,981.66the implication of this is that yam production in the study area is profitable and a return on investment of \u20a61.40 shows that on every \u20a61 invested, 40 kobo is realized.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 195-200\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9492\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>O. O, Ilemobayo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Management, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>J. O, Ijigbade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9493\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tBabaleye T, (2005); Ajijola (2014). Improving Livelihood Yam Production System. The International Fund for Agricultural Development, London; Resource Use and Economic Efficiency for Yam Production in Oyo State, Nigeria Vol.2 No, 2 2014 Issv 2056-5879.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tEbewore, S. O., Egbodion, J. and Oboh, O. O. (2013). Profitability Analysis of Yam Production in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 3(2).<br \/>\r\n[3].\tFAO (2013) FAOSTAT Data Base (Online). Available At; Http:\/\/Bit.Ly\/Nmqzzf. (Accessed: 10 April 2014).<br \/>\r\n[4].\tFolorunso, S. T., Adeola, S. S. and Gama, E. N. (2013). Profitability Analysis of small holder\troot and tuber crop production among root and tuber Expansion programme farmers in Plateau state, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research. 4(3):1-4.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (2008) FAOSTAT statistical division of the FAO of the United Nations Rome, Italy 2008; www.fostat.org<br \/>\r\n[6].\tFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO. 2010), Food and Agricultural Organization, FAOSTAT Data, FAO, Rome, Italy.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tNational Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2012. LSMS \u2013 integrated surveys on agriculture: general\thousehold survey panel 2010\/11. Available at: www.nigerianstat.gov.ng\/pages\/download\/194.[Accessed: 17. January 2014].<br \/>\r\n[8].\tNational Population commission (NPC) (2006). Census office Benin City, Edo state. Federal republic of Nigeria official Gazette no 2 vol. 96, Abuja 2nd February 2009.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tOderhohwo, E. (2008). Beef Marketing in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State. Unpublished B.Agric project, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Pp 48.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tOmojola and Joseph, T. (2014). Gross margin analysis and constraints to yam production in Osun State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences (4), pp. 062-068.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tOrkwor, G.C. (1998). Yam Production in Nigeria. In: J. Berthaud, N. Bricas and J. mardand (eds). Yam, old plant and\tcrop for the future. Actes du Seminaire Inter. Cirad Intra- Orstom- Coraf. June 1997. Montpellier, France. : 81-85.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tRehma, T..,Mckemey, K..,Yates, C.M.. Cooke, Rj.. 2013. Identifying and understanding factors influencing the uptake of new technologies on dairy farms in SW England using the theory of reasoned action. Agric syst. 94, 281-293.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tReuben, J and Barau, A. D. (2012). Resource use efficiency in yam production in Taraba state, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(2): 71-77<br \/>\r\n[14].\tSpore, (2011). Commodity Associations: More Competitive Supply Chain. In: Yam A Triumph for Towns No. 152, P 20.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tVerter, N. and Be\u010dva\u0159ova, V. 2014. Yam production as pillar of food security in Logo Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. EuropeanScientific Journal, 10(31): 27\u201342.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tZaknayiba, D.B. and Tanko, L. (2013). Costs and Returns Analysis of Yam Production among Small Scale Farmers in Karu L.G.A, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. PAT, 9 (1): 73-80.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9494\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">O. O, Ilemobayo and J. O, Ijigbade&#8221; Analysis of Yam Production in Ondo State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.195-200 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/195-200.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9495\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/195-200.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9496\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-yam-production-in-ondo-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of Yam Production in Ondo State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a92f05 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a92f05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a92ff3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a92ff3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a93211\" data-id=\"5a93211\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9337e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a9337e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a9342f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a9342f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a935e6\" data-id=\"5a935e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Transforming Teacher Education and Learning in Ghana: The Impact of a Continuous Professional Development on Physics Teaching at the Colleges of Education<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Isaac Sonful Coffie- July 2019 &#8211; Page No.: 201-206<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a937e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a937e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a939d0\" data-id=\"5a939d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93b22 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"5a93b22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9491\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9492\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9493\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9494\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9495\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9496\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9491\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9491\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The colleges of education in Ghana have been involved in a continuous professional development for over four years with support of Transforming Teacher Education and Learning (T-TEL). The main purpose of this research was to assess the perceived impact of the continuous professional programme on physics teaching at the colleges of education. Descriptive cross sectional survey was used for the study. An online survey was conducted which was completed by 85 physics tutors. The survey data were analysed using means and standard deviations and ANOVA. It was found that the professional development is perceived by the physics tutors to have great impact on their teaching practice. It was also found out that there was no statistical significant difference in the perceived impact of the professional development based on tutors\u2019 experience. It was concluded that if the student teachers who are being trained by these tutors will learn these ideas from their tutors and practice them, teaching at the basic schools will be more interactive, students-centered and gender responsive.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 201-206\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 August 2019<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9492\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9492\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isaac Sonful Coffie<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nWiawso College of Education<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9493\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9493\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2015). Science teachers learning: Enhancing opportunities, creating supportive contexts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tDarling-Hammond, H. &#038; Richardson, N. (2009). Teacher learning: What matters? Research Review, 66(5), 46-53.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tLuft, J., and Hewson, P. (2014). Research on teacher professional development in science. In N.G. Lederman and S.K. Abell (Eds.), Handbook of Research in Science Education (vol. II,pp. 889-909). New York: Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tWilson, S., &#038; Berne, J. (1999). Teacher learning and the acquisition of professional knowledge: An examination of the research on contemporary professional development. Review of Research in Education, 24, 173-209.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tSoine, K.M.&#038; Lumpe, A. (2014): Measuring characteristics of teacher professional development. Teacher Development, 1-30.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tvan Driel, J. H., Meirink, J. A., van Veen, K., and Zwart, R.C. (2012). Current trends and missing links in studies on teacher professional development in science education: A review of design features and quality of research. Studies in Science Education, 48(2), 129-160.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDesimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers\u2019 professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38, 181-200.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tPrice, C. A &#038; Chiu, A. (2018) An experimental study of a museum-based, science PD programme\u2019s impact on teachers and their students. International Journal of Science Education, (40) 9, 941-960.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tKang, H. S., Cha, J. &#038; Ha, B. (2013). What should we consider in teachers\u2019 professional development impact studies? Based on the conceptual framework of Desimone. Creative Education, 4(4A), 11-18.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tBorko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33 (8), 3-15.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tLohman, M. C. (2000). Environmental inhibitors to informal learning in the workplace: A case study of public school teachers. Adult Education Quarterly, 50(2), 83-101.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tGuskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating professional development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tDesimone, L. M. (2011). A primer on effective professional development. Phi Delta Kappan, 92, 68-71.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tStevenson, H. (2019). Editorial: professional learning \u2013 What is the point? Professional Development in Education, 45(1),1-2.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tT-TEL (2017). Midline survey. T-TEL: Accra.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tClarke, D., &#038; Hollingsworth, H. (2002). Elaborating a model of teacher professional growth. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 947\u2013967.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tSoutherland, S. A., Hughes, R., Enderle, P., Ke, F., Roseler, K., Saka, Y., Tekkumru-Kisa (2016).Essential aspects of science teacher professional development: Making research participation instructionally effective. AERA open, 2(4), 1-16.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tBirdman, B.F., Desimone, L., Porter, A.C. and Garet, M. S. (2000). Designing professional development that works. Educational Leadership, 57(8), 28-33.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tSupovitz, J. &#038; Turner, H. M. (2000). The effects of professional development on science teaching practices and classroom culture. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37, 963-980.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tKennedy, M. M (2016). How does professional development improve teaching practice? Review of Educational Research, xx(x), 1-36.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tGess-Newsome, J., Southerland, S. A., Johnston, A. &#038; Woodbury, S. (2003). Educational Reform, Personal Practical Theories, and Dissatisfaction: The Anatomy of Change in College Science Teaching. American Educational Research Journal, 40, (3),731-767.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tJohnson, C. C. (2007). Whole school collaborative sustained professional development and science teacher change: Signs of progress. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18, 629\u2013661.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tRauf, P. A., Ali, S. K. S., &#038; Noor, N.A. M. (2017). The relationship between models of teachers\u2019 professional development and teachers\u2019 instructional practices in the classrooms in the primary schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(5), 120-132.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tHeck, D. J., Banilower, E. R., Weiss, I. R., &#038; Rosenberg, S. L. (2008). Studying the effects of professional development. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 39, 113-152.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tJeanpierre, B., Oberhauser, K., &#038; Freeman, C. (2005). Characteristics of professional development that effect change in secondary science teacher\u2019s classroom practices. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(6), 668\u2013690.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tDesimone, L. M., Porter, A. C., Garet, M. S., Yoon, K. S., &#038; Birman, B. F. (2002). Effects of professional development on teachers\u2019 instruction: Results from a three-year longitudinal study. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 24, 81-112.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tIngvarson, L., Meiers, M., &#038; Beavis, A. (2005). Factors affecting the impact of professional development programs on teachers\u2019 knowledge, practice, student outcomes and efficacy. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9494\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9494\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Isaac Sonful Coffie,&#8221;Transforming Teacher Education and Learning in Ghana: The Impact of a Continuous Professional Development on Physics Teaching at the Colleges of Education&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.6 issue 7, pp.201-206 July 2019 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/201-206.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9495\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9495\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-6-issue-7\/201-206.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9496\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9496\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/transforming-teacher-education-and-learning-in-ghana-the-impact-of-a-continuous-professional-development-on-physics-teaching-at-the-colleges-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Transforming Teacher Education and Learning in Ghana: The Impact of a Continuous Professional Development on Physics Teaching at the Colleges of Education<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a949a8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5a949a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1516097735782{margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]Study of Partial Discharges between Plane \u2013 Plane\/Point Electrode Configurations at Different Gap Lengths K.L.Ratnakar, B. Rajesh [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1652,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2688","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2688"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2688\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}