{"id":2972,"date":"2020-04-14T03:41:07","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T03:41:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/?page_id=2972"},"modified":"2020-05-13T09:13:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T09:13:10","slug":"volume-vii-issue-iv","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/archive\/volume-vii-issue-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume VII Issue IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2972\" class=\"elementor elementor-2972 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23340ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23340ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2334448\" data-id=\"2334448\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233460d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233460d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Review on CdTe Thin Films Deposited by Different Methods for Solar Cell Applications<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Abinaya.S, Vinoth.G, Mohan Rangam Kadiresan &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 01-06<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23348fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23348fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2334b14\" data-id=\"2334b14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2334cbc elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2334cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Cadmium Telluride(CdTe) plays a significant role in thin film solar cell technology. It is the most favourable thin film material because of its minimum material usage and rising efficiency of nearly 22%. In 2016, CdTe thin film technologies acquired a market share greater than 55%. CdTe solar cell has become the most important among thin film technologies because its high efficiency. Because of the bandgap level and the preparation methods, CdTe becomes one of the leading materials in thin films solar cell applications. This review shows the preparation methods of CdTe and their bandgap levels at different substrates at different annealing temperature and their applications in solar cells.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 01-06\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abinaya.S<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore \u2013 641 021, Tamilnadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vinoth.G<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore \u2013 641 021, Tamilnadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohan Rangam Kadiresan<\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachanari Post, Pollachi Main Road, Coimbatore \u2013 641 021, Tamilnadu, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] P.P.Hankare, V.M.Bhuse, K.M.Garadkar, S.D.Delekar, I.S.Mulla, Semicond.Sci.Technol19,70(2004).<br \/>\r\n[2] K.R.Murali, V.Swaminathan, D.C.Trivedi, Sol.EnergyMater.Sol.Cells 81,113(2004).<br \/>\r\n[3] SubhashChander, M.S.Dhaka, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 80,62(2016).<br \/>\r\n[4] H.J.Goldsmid, J.E.Giutronich, M.M.Kalia, Sol.Energy 24,435(1980).<br \/>\r\n[5] S.D.Gunjal, Y.B.Khollam, S.R.Jadkar, T.Shripathi, V.G.Sathe, P.N.Shelke, M.G.Takwale, K.C.Mohite, Sol.Energy 106,56(2014).<br \/>\r\n[6] S.Chander, M.S.Dhaka, Mater.Sci.Semicond.Proc 40,708(2015).<br \/>\r\n[7] L.R.Cruz, L.L.Kazmesrski, H.R.Moutinko, F.Hasoon, R.G.Dhere, R.de Avillez, Thin Solid Films 350,44(1999).<br \/>\r\n[8] A.Romeo, D.L.Batzner, H.Zogg, C.Vignali, A.N.Tiwari, Sol.EnergyMater.Sol.Cells 67,311(2001).<br \/>\r\n[9] F.de Moure-Flores, J.G.Quinones-Galvan, A.Guillen-Cervantes, J.S.Arias-Ceron, G.Contreras-Puente, J.Appl.Phys 112,113110(2012).<br \/>\r\n[10] J.Li, J.Chen, R.W.Collins, Appl.Phys.Lett 99,061905(2011).<br \/>\r\n[11] J.P.Enriquez, X.Mathew, Sol.EnergyMater.Sol.Cells 81,363(2004).<br \/>\r\n[12] V.M.Nikale,S.S.Shinde, C.H.Bhosale, K.Y.Raipure, J.Semicond 32,033001(2011).<br \/>\r\n[13] L.R.Cruz, W.A.Pinheiro, R.A.Medeiro, C.L.Ferreira, R.G.Dhere, J.N.Duenow, Vacuum 87,45(2013).<br \/>\r\n[14] A.V.Kotake, M.R.Asabe, P.P.Hankare, B.K.Chougule, J.Phys.Chem.Solids 68,53(2007).<br \/>\r\n[15] S.Chander, M.S.Dhaka, Physica E 76,52(2015).<br \/>\r\n[16] S.Chander, M.S.Dhaka, Adv.Mater.Lett 6,907(2015).<br \/>\r\n[17] P.Sarmah, A.Rahman, Bull.Mater.Sci24,411(2001).<br \/>\r\n[18] F.H.Siyanaki, H.R.Dizaji, M.H.Ehsani, S.Khorramabadi, Thin Solid Films 577 ,128(2015).<br \/>\r\n[19] S.Alam, M.A.K.Pathan, K.A.M.H.Siddiquee, A.B.M.O.Islam, M.A.Gafur, D.K.Saha, M.Mori, T.Tambo, Optik124,2165(2013).<br \/>\r\n[20] SubhashChander, M.S.Dhaka, Results in Physics, 8,1131(2018).<br \/>\r\n[21] Shadia J. Ikhmayies, Riyad N. Ahmad-Bitar, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 16,118(2013).<br \/>\r\n[22] Raid A. Ismail, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 15,159(2012).<br \/>\r\n[23] B.Lakshmi Shree, S.Selva Priya, P.TherasaRanjani, P.Karthick, K.Jeyadheepan, M.Sridharan, Materials Today Proceedings 3,1494(2016).<br \/>\r\n[24] G.H.Tariq, M.Anis-ur-Rehman, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 30,665(2015).<br \/>\r\n[25] O.Toma, L.Ion, M.Girtan, S.Antohe, Solar Energy 108,51(2014).<br \/>\r\n[26] Rehana Zia, Farhat Saleemi, Shahzad Naseem, Optik 127,1972(2016).<br \/>\r\n[27] SubhashChander, M.S.Dhaka, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 76,52(2016).<br \/>\r\n[28] Subhash Chander, A.Purohit, C.Lal, M.S.Dhaka, Materials Chemistry and Physics 185,202(2017).<br \/>\r\n[29] Sukhvir Singh, Rajeev Kumar, K.N.Sood, Thin Solid Films 519,1078(2010).<br \/>\r\n[30] B.L.Williams, J.D.Major, L.Bowen, L.Phillips, G.Zoppi, I.Forbes, K.Durose, Sol.EnergyMater.Sol.Cells 124,31(2014).<br \/>\r\n[31] M.T.Dejpasand, H.RezagholipourDizaji, M.H.Ehsani, Procedia Materials Science 11,114(2015).<br \/>\r\n[32] P.K.K.Kumarasinghe, Amila Dissanayake, B.M.K.Pemasiri, B.S.Dassanayake, Materials Research Bulletin 96,188(2017).<br \/>\r\n[33] J.M.Kestner, S.McElvain, S.Kelly, T.R.Ohno, L.M.Woods, C.A.Wolden, Sol.EnergyMater.Sol.Cells 83,55(2004).<br \/>\r\n[34] Xinyu Li, Yunlong Zhou, Zhaozhu Zheng, Xiuliyue, Zhifei Dai, Shaoqin Liu, Zhiyong Tang, Langmuir 25(11),6580(2009).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abinaya.S, Vinoth.G, Mohan Rangam Kadiresan &#8220;A Review on CdTe Thin Films Deposited by Different Methods for Solar Cell Applications&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.01-06 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/01-06.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/01-06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-review-on-cdte-thin-films-deposited-by-different-methods-for-solar-cell-applications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Review on CdTe Thin Films Deposited by Different Methods for Solar Cell Applications<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2335d34 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2335d34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2336694 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2336694\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23367e2\" data-id=\"23367e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23368f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23368f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23369a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23369a2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2336af0\" data-id=\"2336af0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2336c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2336c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23372b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23372b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2337420\" data-id=\"2337420\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233753a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233753a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>In-Vitro Assay to Investigate the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Leaves Extract of <i>Acacia Auriculiformis<\/i> A.Cunn. Ex Benth.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Vaishnavi Nimbalkar, Manish Kamble, Jagdish Baheti &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 07-09<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23375db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23375db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2337760\" data-id=\"2337760\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2337894 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2337894\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Secondary metabolite obtained from medicinal plants are progressively used in the treatment of various diseases as a complementary medicine. When infectious microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or fungi invade the body, reside in particular tissues and\/or circulate in the blood, inflammation occurs and also happen in response to tissue injury, cell death, cancer, ischemia and degeneration. The present study reveals the scientific evidence to the traditional use of Earleaf acacia (<em>Acacia auriculiformis<\/em>) as anti-inflammatory drug. The HRBC membrane stabilization method has been used to study the invitro anti-inflammatory activity. The result expressed the concentration dependent membrain stabilizing potential.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 07-09\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Vaishnavi Nimbalkar <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKamla Nehru College of Pharmacy, Butibori, Nagpur (M.S.) India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Manish Kamble <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKamla Nehru College of Pharmacy, Butibori, Nagpur (M.S.) India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Jagdish Baheti <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nKamla Nehru College of Pharmacy, Butibori, Nagpur (M.S.) India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Artis, D.; Spits, H. The biology of innate lymphoid cells. Nature 2015, 517, 293\u2013301.<br \/>\r\n[2] Lucas, S.M.; Rothwell, N.J.; Gibson, R.M. The role of inflammation in CNS injury and disease. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 147, S232\u2013S240.<br \/>\r\n[3] Verma S. Medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activity. The journal of Phytopharamcology, 2016; 5(4): 157-159.<br \/>\r\n[4] A. S. Bagad; J. A. Joseph; N. Bhaskaran, and A. Agarwal, \u201cComparative evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of curcuminoids, turmerones, and aqueous extract of Curcuma longa,\u201d Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2013, Article ID 805756, 7<br \/>\r\n[5] Naresh Kumar Rangra; Subir Samanta,;A comprehensive review on phytopharmacological investigations of Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019; 9(1): 1-11.<br \/>\r\n[6] Mittal, A.; Agrawal, R.; Gupta, S. C., In vitro development of plantlets from axillary buds of Acacia auriculiformis \u2013 a leguminous tree. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1989: 19, 65\u201370.<br \/>\r\n[7] Drewes, S. E.; Roux, D. G., A new flavan-3,4-diol from Acacia auriculiformis by paper ionophoresis. Biochem. J., 1966: 98, 493\u2013500.<br \/>\r\n[8] Orchard A. E.; Wilson, A. J. G., Flora of Australia. 2001: Vol. 11B, Mimosaceae, Acacia part 2. ABRS\/CSIRO Publishing, Canberra\/Melbourne.<br \/>\r\n[9] Boland, D. J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. H.; Hall, N.; Hyland, B. P. M.; Jonston, R. D.; Kleinig, D. A.; Turner, J. D., 1984: Forest Trees of Australia. Nelson CSIRO, Melbourne.<br \/>\r\n[10] Girijashankar V. Micropropagation of multipurpose medicinal tree Acacia auriculiformis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011: 5:462-466,<br \/>\r\n[11] Okokon J E, Jackson O, Opara K N, Emmanuel E. In-vivo antimalarial activity of ethanol leaf extracts of Acacia auriculiformis. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2010: 2:482-487.<br \/>\r\n[12] Singh R, Singh S, Kumar S, Arora S. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate extract\/fractions of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Food Chem Toxicol2007; 45(7): 1216-1223.<br \/>\r\n[13] Mandal P, Babu SS, Mandal NC. Antimicrobial activity of saponins from Acacia auriculiformis. Fitoterapia2005; 76(5): 462-465.<br \/>\r\n[14] Ghosh MA, Babu SP, Sukul NC, Mahato SB. Antifilarial effect of two triterpenoid saponins isolated from Acacia auriculiformis. Indian J Exp Biol1993; 31(7): 604-606.<br \/>\r\n[15] Ghosh NK, Babu SS, Sukul NC, Ito A. Cestocidal activity of Acacia auriculiformis. J Helminthol 1996; 70(2): 171-172.<br \/>\r\n[16] Sathya A, Siddhuraju P. Protective effect of bark and empty pod extracts from Acacia auriculiformis against paracetamol intoxicated liver injury and alloxan induced type \u2013II diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol2013; 56: 162-170.<br \/>\r\n[17] Singh SU, Sharma NI, Evaluation of wound healing activity of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Stem bark. Asian J Pharm Clin Res2014; 7(2):204-207.<br \/>\r\n[18] Kamble M A, et. al., Evaluation of invitro anti-inflammatory potential of Fruit flesh extract of Terminalia cattapa Linn. Res. J. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2107; 9(4): 228-230.<br \/>\r\n[19] Sakat S, Juvekar AR and Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculate Linn. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacuetical Sciences, 2010; 2: 146-155.<br \/>\r\n[20] Sessa G, et.al. Effect of components of the polyene antibiotic Fillipin on phospholipids spherules (Liposomesm) and erythrocytes J. Biological Chem 1968; 243: 4364-4371.<br \/>\r\n[21] Seeman P. The membrane actions of anaesthetics tranquilizers. Pharmacology Review, 1972; 4: 583-655.<br \/>\r\n[22] Ramesh M., Rao YN., Rao A., Prabhakar MC.,Rao CS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammtory activity of flavonoid isolated from Caralluma attenuate.Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1998; 62:63-66.<br \/>\r\n[23] Rajnarayana K, Sripal Reddy, M. and Chaluvadi MR., Bioflavanoid Classification, Pharmacological, Biochemical effects and therapeutic potential.Indian Journal of Pharmacology,2001; 33:2-16.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Vaishnavi Nimbalkar, Manish Kamble, Jagdish Baheti &#8220;In-Vitro Assay to Investigate the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Leaves Extract of <i>Acacia Auriculiformis<\/i> A.Cunn. Ex Benth.&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.07-09 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/07-09.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/07-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/in-vitro-assay-to-investigate-the-anti-inflammatory-activity-of-hydroalcoholic-leaves-extract-of-acacia-auriculiformis-a-cunn-ex-benth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>In-Vitro Assay to Investigate the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Leaves Extract of <i>Acacia Auriculiformis<\/i> A.Cunn. Ex Benth.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2338751 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2338751\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2339b24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2339b24\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2339c9d\" data-id=\"2339c9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2339da6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2339da6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Flooding on Property Value: A Case Study of Isheri North, Isheri, Lagos State <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ogungbemi, A.O; Fagbemi, K.B.; Abdul, N.A.; Eniolawun, O.S.; Obatuase, B.; Hassan, Y.O. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 10-15<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2339e40 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2339e40\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2339fc7\" data-id=\"2339fc7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233a10a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233a10a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This paper assesses the effect of flooding on property value in Isheri North of Lagos mega city, Nigeria. The sample frame for this study comprises of 251 properties located in the study area out of which 20% was sampled represent 50 respondents in order of 1 house of every 5 houses; and 20 Estate Surveying and Valuation Firms on Isheri, Ojodu, Omole, Ikeja environ. Random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the sampled properties. Data collection was done with the administration of instrument (questionnaire) on the selected respondents. The result of the findings shows that 96% of the respondents have witnessed flood which is caused by heavy rainfall, damp spills, poor drainage system, inappropriate refuse disposal was suggested to the respondents. The study reveals that properties in non-flooded areas of Isheri community attract higher rental values than similar properties in the flooded area of Isheri North. The study recommends needs for public enlightenment on the dangers of flooding and restriction of flood-prone areas as not non-buildable zone for the security of life and property.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 10-15\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 14 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ogungbemi, A.O<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management and Valuation, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fagbemi, K.B.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdul, N.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Eniolawun, O.S.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Obatuase, B.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Quantity Surveying, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan, Y.O.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Bohnsack, J., Bruce, T., Dunstan, A. and Spring, J. (2008) Aftermath of the Floods of June 2008 and Recommendations for Long-term Economic Recovery: Final Report submitted to the Illinois Department of Commerce &amp; Economic Opportunity<br \/>\r\n[2] Dunstan,J.C.1(997)Personal Communication. County Administrator, County Administrators Office, Yuba County California<br \/>\r\n[3] Eves, C. and Brown S.K, (2002) The Impact of flooding on residential property values in England 9th European Real Estate Society Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.<br \/>\r\n[4] Eves C. (1999) Long Term Impact of Flood Affectation on Residential Property Prices. University Western Sydney-Hawkesbury, Blacktown Campus, Quakers Hill, Australia<br \/>\r\n[5] Environment Agency (2001) Research Findings into Floods of Autumn 2000. August 2001.<br \/>\r\n[6] Hajat S. , Ebi, K. L. Kovats, R. S. , Menne, B. , Edwards S., and A. Haines, 2006. The Human Health Consequences of Flooding in Europe: A Review, Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses 2005, Part 4, 185-196, DOI: 10.1007\/3-540-28862-7_18<br \/>\r\n[7] Holway, J.M and Burby, R.J (1990) \u201cThe Effects of Floodplain Development Controls on Residential Land Values\u201d Land Economics, Vol.66, No.3, pp.259-271.<br \/>\r\n[8] Joslin, A. (2005) An Investigation into the Expression of Uncertainty in Property Valuation. Journal of Property Investment and Finance. Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 269 \u2013 285.<br \/>\r\n[9] Kauko, T. (2003) Residential Property Value and Locational Externalities \u2013 on the Complementarity and Substitutability of Approaches. Journal of Property Investment and Finance. Vol. 21, No. 3. pp. 250 \u2013 270.<br \/>\r\n[10] Khalequzzaman, Md. (1994) Recent Flood in Bangladesh; Possible Causes and Solutions. In Natural Hazards, v. 9, p. 65-80, 1994. Also presented at the International Conference on Natural and Man-made Hazards held in Perugia, Italy.<br \/>\r\n[11] Lambley, D. B, Cordery, I., (1991) Effect of Floods on the Housing Market in Sydney. Conference Proceedings, International Hydrology and Water Symposium, perth Western Australia, October 1991.<br \/>\r\n[12] Marsalek, J. Watt, W., Zeman, E and Sieker, F. 2000. Flood issues in contemporary water management.<br \/>\r\n[13] McCluskey W.J., Deddis W.G., Lamont I.G., and Borst R.A. (2000) \u201cThe Application of Surface Generated Interpolation Models for the Prediction of Residential Property Values\u201d Journal of Property Investment and Finance Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 162 \u2013 176.<br \/>\r\n[14] MacDonald, D N, Murdoch, J.C, and White, H.L (1987) \u201cUncertain Hazards, Insurance, and Consumer Choice: Evidence from Housing Markets\u201d Land Economics, Vol.63, No. 4, pp.361- 371<br \/>\r\n[15] Millington, A. F. (1981) Introduction to Property Valuation. London The Estate Gazette.<br \/>\r\n[16] Montz, B. (1992) \u201cThe Effects of Flooding on Residential Property Values in three New Zealand Communities\u201d Disasters, Vol.16, No.4, pp.283-298<br \/>\r\n[17] MUNICH RE (2004a) Annual review: natural catastrophes 2003. Topics Geo Munchener Ruck<br \/>\r\n[18] MUNICH RE (2004b) Flood risks. topics Munchener Ruck<br \/>\r\n[19] NAO (2001) Inland flood defence, the report by the controller and auditor general. HC 299 National Audit Office<br \/>\r\n[20] Ojo, O. (2011) Flooding: A Major Impediment to Sustainable Development. Being a Paper Presented at the 2011 Mandatory Continuing Professional Development (MCPD) of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NISEV) Ogun State Branch on Thursday, December 01, 201<br \/>\r\n[21] Oyebanji, A. O. (2003) Principles of Land Use Economics Centre for Environmental Planning Development and Management. Lagos.<br \/>\r\n[22] Olusegun, G. K. (2003) Principles and Practice of Property Valuation. (Volume One: General Principles). Climax Communications Limited, Lagos.<br \/>\r\n[23] Omisore, E. O. (2011) Flooding: A Major Impediment to Sustainable Development. Being the text of the Lecture delivered at the MCPD Organised by the Ogun State Branch of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and valuers on Thursday, December 01, 2001<br \/>\r\n[24] Osowe, T. (2010) Combating Flood Disaster in Nigeria. http:\/\/www.compassnewspaper.com Retrieved on 29th November 2019<br \/>\r\n[25] Tobin, G. and Montz, B. (1988) \u201cCatastrophic Flooding and the Response of the Real Estate Market\u201d The Social Science Journal, Vol.25, No.2, pp.167-177.<br \/>\r\n[26] Tobin, G. and Montz, B. (1994) \u201cThe Flood Hazard and Dynamics of the Urban Residential Land Market\u201d Water Resources Bulletin, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 673-685.<br \/>\r\n[27] United Nations, 2010. The West African Floods: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki<br \/>\r\n[28] https:\/\/www.premiumtimesng.com\/regional\/ssouth-west\/359408-flooding-isheri-north-residents-send-distress-call-to-sanwo-olu.html<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ogungbemi, A.O; Fagbemi, K.B.; Abdul, N.A.; Eniolawun, O.S.; Obatuase, B.; Hassan, Y.O. &#8220;Effect of Flooding on Property Value: A Case Study of Isheri North, Isheri, Lagos State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp. 10-15 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/10-15.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/10-15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-flooding-on-property-value-a-case-study-of-isheri-north-isheri-lagos-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Flooding on Property Value: A Case Study of Isheri North, Isheri, Lagos State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233bd31\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233be85\" data-id=\"233be85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233bf97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233bf97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233c032 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233c032\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233c179\" data-id=\"233c179\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233c288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233c288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233c32b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233c32b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233c48e\" data-id=\"233c48e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233c599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233c599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Psychological Outcomes Associated With Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.), Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe( Ph.D.) &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 16-28<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233c63a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233c63a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233c79e\" data-id=\"233c79e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233c8bf elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233c8bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Child Sexual Abuse CSA is an ordeal that is traumatizing and leaves children feeling totally hopeless when coping mechanisms fail. This results in an emotional and psychological baggage which weighs negatively on Early Childhood Learners. The aim of the current study was to establish the psychological effects of child sexual abuse children ages 5-8 years in Nairobi City County. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was used to assess the psychological outcomes of the CSA survivors. This study used a descriptive survey design and the sampling technique was purposive. It was located in Nairobi City County. The study site was Gender Violence Centre GVRC Nairobi Women\u2019s Hospital. The target population comprised of sexually abused children and their parents\/guardians. The independent variable for this study was CSA, while the dependent variable was the psychological outcomes of CSA. The TSCYC was analysed using the TSCYC software which generated scores for the sexually abused children. Guidelines from the TSCYC Manual were used to determine the scores. These scores were converted to percentages and presented in a pie chart. Findings showed that, outcomes of psychological disorders affected children through symptoms of anxiety, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The study recommended inclusion of age appropriate life skills in school curriculums and teacher training programs on signs of CSA, assessment as well as procedures of reporting CSA.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 16-28\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe( Ph.D.)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1]. Briere,J. (2005). Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources<br \/>\r\n[2]. Deb,S&amp; Mukherjee (2011). Background and adjustment capacity of sexually abused girls and their perceptions of intervention. Child Abuse Review, 20(3), 213-230 \u2022 DOI: 10.1002\/car.1153<br \/>\r\n[3]. Fergusson, D. M.,Boden J. M., &amp;Horwood L. J. (2008).Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and adjustment in early adulthood. Child Abuse Negl. 32(6):607-19<br \/>\r\n[4]. Githinji, P. W, (2005).Sexual abuse of children: A study of primary school pupils in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya (unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Kenyatta University, Nairobi<br \/>\r\n[5]. Kalifani, H. &amp; Baker, B.(2010). Justice and health provision for survivors of sexual violence in Kitim, Northern Uganda. Retrieved from journal of Traumatic Stress, Volume 1 Number ISSN 2218-4937.<br \/>\r\n[6]. Nigoniziye, T. (2010). The Sexual Violence Phenomena in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Retrieved from journal of Traumatic Stress, Volume 1 Number ISSN 2218-4937.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Mugenda, O. M. and Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research Methods. Quantitative &amp; Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Mutavi, T., Mathai, M., Obondo, A. (2017) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Sexually Abused Children and Educational Status in Kenya: A Longitudinal Study. J Child AdolescBehav 5: 357. Doi: 10.4172\/2375-4494.1000357<br \/>\r\n[9]. Nigoniziye, T. (2010). The Sexual Violence Phenomena in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Journal of Traumatic Stress Volume 1 Number ISSN 2218-4937.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Optimus (2015) Study on Child Abuse, Violence and Neglect in South Africa. Retrieved from file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/LIB\/Desktop\/Resources%20for%20Chapter%202\/CJCP_ubs_study-on-child-abuse-violence-neglect-in-SA-1.pdf<br \/>\r\n[11]. Polonko, A.K., Adam,N., Naeem,N.,&amp;Adinolfi, A. (2014). Child Sexual Abuse in the Middle East and North Africa a Review. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/261177004<br \/>\r\n[12]. RoK (2010). Violence against children in Kenya, findings from a 2010 national survey. Nairobi: UNICEF. Retrieved from, http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/VAC_in_Kenya<br \/>\r\n[13]. Ullman.S.E, Foynes, M.M., and Tang,S,S. (2010). Benefits and Barriers to Disclosing Sexual Trauma: A Contextual Approach, Journal of Trauma &amp; Dissociation, 11:2, 127-133<br \/>\r\n[14]. W\u0142odarczyk, J (2016), Childhood Sexual Abuse and Its Effects in Adult Life. Retrieved from Users\/LIB\/Desktop\/CSA\/Poland%20Wlodarczyk_J_2016_Childhood_Sexual_Abuse_and_Its_Effects.pdf<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.), Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe( Ph.D.) &#8220;Psychological Outcomes Associated With Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.16-28 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/16-28.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/16-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/psychological-outcomes-associated-with-child-sexual-abuse-on-children-in-early-childhood-education-ages-5-8-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Psychological Outcomes Associated With Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233d6b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"233d6b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233e72a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233e72a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233e7c6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233e7c6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233e912\" data-id=\"233e912\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233ea1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233ea1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233eab6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233eab6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233ec1a\" data-id=\"233ec1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233ed2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233ed2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Parental Perceptions of Outcomes of Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.), Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe(Ph.D.) &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 29-35<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-233edc7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"233edc7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-233ef37\" data-id=\"233ef37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233f062 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"233f062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The topic for this research was Parental perceptions of outcomes of child sexual abuse on children in Early Childhood Education ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County Kenya. The first research question addressed the addressed parent\u2019s perception of outcomes of their child\u2019s sexual abuse ordeal. The second one examined parental perceptions of influence of CSA on early childhood education. The third addressed mitigations regarding child sexual abuse in early childhood education. A social demographic questionnaire and an interview schedule were used to collect significant data from parents\/guardians.This study used a descriptive survey design and the sampling technique was purposive. It was located in Nairobi City County. The study site was the Gender Violence Recovery Centre GVRC of the Nairobi Women\u2019s Hospital. The target population comprised of sexually abused children and their parents\/guardians. The independent variable for this study was CSA, while the dependent variable was parental perceptions of outcomes of CSA in early childhood education. The total sample size was ninety five (95) respondents. This included forty five children (45) who had experienced CSA and (45) of their parents\/guardians. The research instruments were piloted on a randomly selected sample of five (5) sexually abused children aged 5-8 years, their parents\/guardians and one key informant at Child line Kenya. Cross validity was determined through peer feedback and content validity through expert opinion. Reliability was established through pilot testing of the instruments to ensure clarity and adequacy of items. The study instruments included interview schedules for children and parents\/guardians. The study yielded qualitative data which was analysed thematically guided by study objectives. Further, descriptive statistics were generated using percentages, frequencies and means. Results were presented in tables, figures and texts. Key findings showed that parents perceived CSA as having affected children through loss of precious learning time. There was also a lot of anxiety in children because perpetrators who were out on bail were present in the neighbourhoods. The study recommended protection and strengthening of the family unit, training of stakeholders on CSA prevention and inclusion of age appropriate life skills in school curriculums among others.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 29-35\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.) <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe(Ph.D.)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Mathoma, Maripe-Perera, Khumalo,Mbayi&amp;Seloilwe (2006) A study on The knowledge and perceptions of parents regarding sexual abuse of children in Botswana and Swaziland journal of Pediatric Nursing retrieved from http:\/\/www.science direct.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0882596305003039<br \/>\r\n[2] Githinji, P. W, (2005)Sexual Abuse of children: A study of primary school pupils in Nakuru municipality, Kenya (unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Kenyatta University, Nairobi<br \/>\r\n[3] Mathoma, Maripe-Perera, Khumalo,Mbayi&amp;Seloilwe (2006) A study on The knowledge and perceptions of parents regarding sexual abuse of children in Botswana and Swaziland journal of Pediatric Nursing retrieved from http:\/\/www.science direct.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0882596305003039<br \/>\r\n[4] Ige, O.K., &amp;Fawole, O.L. (2011). Preventing child sexual abuse: parents&#8217; perceptions and practices in urban Nigeria. Journal of child Sex Abuse, Nov;20(6):695-707<br \/>\r\n[5] Chan, J., Dunne M., Han,p. (2007)https:\/\/www.google.com\/search<br \/>\r\n[6] Ruto, S.J., Sexual abuse of school age going children: Evidence from Kenya. CICE Hiroshima University, journal of International co-operation in Education. Vol.12 No.1(2009)pp.177-192<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.), Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe(Ph.D.) &#8220;Parental Perceptions of Outcomes of Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.29-35 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/29-35.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/29-35.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/parental-perceptions-of-outcomes-of-child-sexual-abuse-on-children-in-early-childhood-education-ages-5-8-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Parental Perceptions of Outcomes of Child Sexual Abuse on Children in Early Childhood Education Ages 5-8 in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233feaa elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"233feaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23402cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23402cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234038f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234038f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2340538\" data-id=\"2340538\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234120e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234120e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23412bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23412bf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234145d\" data-id=\"234145d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234158c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234158c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2341630 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2341630\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2341790\" data-id=\"2341790\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23418b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23418b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2341961 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2341961\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2341ac5\" data-id=\"2341ac5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341bf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2341bf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Children Aged 5-8 Years in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe (Ph.D.), Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.)- April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 36-43<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2341c92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2341c92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2341e11\" data-id=\"2341e11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2341f3e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2341f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) as a problem has been in existence throughout the world history and has remained a major global concern (Tower, 2010). It is an abhorred evil in every generation and a significant public health problem in every country that has attempted to measure it. The goal of this research was to establish the prevalence of sexual abuse in children aged 5-8 years in Nairobi City County. A social demographic questionnaire and an interview schedule were used to collect significant data from parents\/guardians. This study used a descriptive survey design and the sampling technique was purposive. It was located in Nairobi City County. The study site was the Gender Violence Recovery Centre GVRC of the Nairobi Women\u2019s Hospital. The target population comprised of sexually abused children and their parents\/guardians. The independent variable for this study was CSA, while the dependent variable was parental perceptions of outcomes of CSA in early childhood education. The total sample size was ninety five (95) respondents. This included forty five children (45) who had experienced CSA and (45) of their parents\/guardians. The research instruments were piloted on a randomly selected sample of five (5) sexually abused children aged 5-8 years, their parents\/guardians and one key informant at Child line Kenya. Cross validity was determined through peer feedback and content validity through expert opinion. Reliability was established through pilot testing of the instruments to ensure clarity and adequacy of items. The study instruments included interview schedules for children and parents\/guardians. The study yielded qualitative data which was analysed thematically guided by study objectives. Further, descriptive statistics were generated using percentages, frequencies and means. Results were presented in tables, figures and texts. Key findings showed that prevalence of sexual abuse among children aged 5-8 years in Nairobi City County, which was at 78% for girls and 22% for boys. The study recommended measures to protect children from the CSA vice. One of the key recommendations is life skills which should be included in school curriculums so as empower children to protect themselves from sexual encroachments.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 36-43\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 16 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEarly Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Kenya<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Asian Centre for Human Rights ACHR (2013).Retrieved http:\/\/www.achrweb.org\/<br \/>\r\n[2]. Bolen, R, M. (2001). Child sexual abuse. It\u2019s scope and failure. New York: Springer<br \/>\r\n[3]. Briere,J. (2005). Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources<br \/>\r\n[4]. Goodyear-Brown P.(2011), Handbook of child sexual abuse: Identification, assessment methods in child sexual abuse cases. https:\/\/books.google.com<br \/>\r\n[5]. Mannarino, A.P. (2009) Therapy for Sexually Abused Children. National child traumatic stress Network. New York: Guidford Press<br \/>\r\n[6]. Mugenda, O. M. and Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research Methods. Quantitative &amp; Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.<br \/>\r\n[7]. Odoro, A, R. (2016). Sexual abuse among boys in public primary schools in MukurukwaNjenga slums, Nairobi county-Kenya. (Un published Master\u2019s Thesis). Kenyatta University<br \/>\r\n[8]. Optimus (2015) Study on Child Abuse, Violence and Neglect in South Africa. Retrieved from file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/LIB\/Desktop\/Resources%20for%20Chapter%202\/CJCP_ubs_study-on-child-abuse-violence-neglect-in-SA-1.pdf<br \/>\r\n[9]. Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., &amp; G\u00f3mez-Benito, J (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples:A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review.2009.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Radford, L., Corral, S., Bradley, C., Fisher, H., Howat, N., Bassett, C. with Collishaw, S. (2010). The prevalence of child maltreatment and victimization in the UK. London: NSPCC<br \/>\r\n[11]. Raphael, M.B.(2011) Sexual Abuse of Power. University of Florida. Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 21, p. 77, 2010<br \/>\r\n[12]. RoK (2010). Violence against children in Kenya, findings from a 2010 national survey. Nairobi: UNICEF. Retrieved from, http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esaro\/VAC_in_Kenya<br \/>\r\n[13]. Ruto, S.J.(2009). Sexual Abuse of School age going Children: Evidence from Kenya. CICE Hiroshima University, journal of International co-operation in Education. Vol.12 No.1(2009)pp.177-192<br \/>\r\n[14]. Singh M,M, Parsekar S, S, &amp; Nair N, S. (2014), An Epidemiological Overview of Child Sexual Abuse.Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care2014 Oct-Dec; 3(4): 430\u2013435.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Tower, C. C. (2010).Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.<br \/>\r\n[16]. Tsuboi S, Yoshida H, Ae, R., Kojo T, Nakamura Y, Kitamura K.(2015). Asia Pac J Public Health :NP2578-86. doi: 10.1177\/1010539513488626.<br \/>\r\n[17]. URT (2011). survey on Violence against children in Tanzania Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unicef.orf\/media\/files\/ violence against children in Tanzania report.pdf<br \/>\r\n[18]. WHO (2014) World Health Organization (WHO). Global status Report on Violence Prevention. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2014.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Rachel Kamau-Kang\u2019ethe (Ph.D.), Ruth W. Walioli (Ph.D.) &#8220;Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Children Aged 5-8 Years in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.36-43 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/36-43.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/36-43.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/prevalence-of-sexual-abuse-in-children-aged-5-8-years-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Children Aged 5-8 Years in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2342db7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2342db7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2342e88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2342e88\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2343027\" data-id=\"2343027\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234315f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234315f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234321b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234321b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23433be\" data-id=\"23433be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23434e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23434e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Factors Associated With Low Enrollment to Community Health Fund (CHF) in Mkuranga District- Pwani, Tanzania<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Bertha Mwinuka, Mary J Chacha &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 44-48<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234358b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234358b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23436ee\" data-id=\"23436ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2343855 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2343855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: Despite the 15 years of promotion of Community Health Fund (CHF) in Tanzania, overall membership has remained low and this has led to an increase in mortality and morbidity due to unaffordability of health services.<br \/>\r\nMaterials and methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty consenting were selected purposively and randomly and interview and questionnaires were used to collect the data to identify the major factors associated with CHF enrollment. Quantitative data were analyzed by using STATA and qualitative data were analyzed based on the major themes by a process of content analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95% confidence interval.<br \/>\r\nResults: Demographic factors, lack of CHF awareness, failure to understand the CHF benefits and poor attendance to CHF sensitization meetings were the factors associated with low CHF enrollment (p-value &gt;0.05).Socio economic factors showed strong association with CHF enrollment. Unavailability of drugs (75%) and lack of training about CHF (100%) were the major challenges faced by health workers.<br \/>\r\nConclusion: The strategies to improve CHF enrollment were political leaders\u2019 involvement in community sensitization, district support to most vulnerable groups, health service quality improvement and conducting regular community sensitization.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 44-48\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bertha Mwinuka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Health Systems Management, School of Public Administration and Management, Mzumbe University, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mary J Chacha<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Health Services, Mkuranga District Council, Pwani, United Republic of Tanzania<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Acharya, A., Vellakkal, S., Taylor, F., Masset, E., Satija, A., Burke, M., &amp; Ebrahim, S. (2013). The impact of health insurance schemes for the informal sector in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. World Bank Research Observer, 28(2), 236\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wbro\/lks009<br \/>\r\n[2] Basaza, R. (2009). What are the emerging features of community health insurance schemes in east Africa? Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, (June), 47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/rmhp.s4347<br \/>\r\n[3] Basaza, R., Criel, B., &amp; Van Der Stuyft, P. (2007). Low enrolment in Ugandan Community Health Insurance Schemes: Underlying causes and policy implications. BMC Health Services Research, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-7-105<br \/>\r\n[4] Borghi, J., Maluka, S., Kuwawenaruwa, A., Makawia, S., Tantau, J., Mtei, G., \u2026 Macha, J. (2013). Promoting universal financial protection: A case study of new management of community health insurance in Tanzania. Health Research Policy and Systems, 11(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1478-4505-11-21<br \/>\r\n[5] Chalkidou, K., Glassman, A., Marten, R., Vega, J., Teerawattananon, Y., Tritasavit, N., \u2026 Culyer, A. J. (2016). Priority-setting for achieving universal health coverage. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(6), 462\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.15.155721<br \/>\r\n[6] Dror, D. M., &amp; Firth, L. A. (2014). The demand for (Micro) Health Insurance in the Informal Sector. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice, 39(4), 693\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/gpp.2014.24<br \/>\r\n[7] Government of Tanzania. (1999). The national health insurance fund act, 1999 arrangement of sections.<br \/>\r\n[8] Kamuzora, P., &amp; Gilson, L. (2007). Factors influencing implementation of the Community Health Fund in Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 22(2), 95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czm001<br \/>\r\n[9] Kapologwe, N. A., Kagaruki, G. B., Kalolo, A., Ally, M., Shao, A., Meshack, M., \u2026 Hoffman, A. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to enrollment and re-enrollment into the community health funds\/Tiba Kwa Kadi (CHF\/TIKA) in Tanzania: a cross-sectional inquiry on the effects of socio-demographic factors and social marketing strategies. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-017-2250-z<br \/>\r\n[10] Kohli, J., &amp; De Blasi, A. (2017). Supporting healthy communities, 20.<br \/>\r\n[11] Olaniyan, O., &amp; Sunkanmi, O. A. (2012). Demand for child healthcare in Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Science, 4(6), 129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/gjhs.v4n6p129<br \/>\r\n[12] Owusu-Sekyere, E., &amp; Chiaraah, A. (2014). Demand for Health Insurance in Ghana: What Factors Influence Enrollment? American Journal of Public Health Research, 2(1), 27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12691\/ajphr-2-1-6<br \/>\r\n[13] Panda, P., Chakraborty, A., Dror, D. M., &amp; Bedi, A. S. (2014). Enrolment in community-based health insurance schemes in rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Health Policy and Planning, 29(8), 960\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czt077<br \/>\r\n[14] Raasveld, M. H. M., Bloemena, E., Wertheim-van Dillen, P., Surachno, J., Wilmink, J. M., &amp; ten Berge, I. J. M. (1993). Serum neopterin\/creatinine values correlate with severity of symptoms caused by cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients. Transplant International, 6(1), 42\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00336639<br \/>\r\n[15] Torell, E., &amp; Mmochi, A. (2006). Mkuranga Governance Baseline, Coastal Resources Centre, 18.<br \/>\r\n[16] Turkson, P. . (2010). Perceived quality of healthcare delivery in a rural District of Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 43(2), 65\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/gmj.v43i2.55315<br \/>\r\n[17] WHO. (2000). WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FIFTY-THIRD WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY. The world health report 2000: Health systems: improving performance, (March). Retrieved from http:\/\/apps.who.int\/gb\/archive\/pdf_files\/WHA53\/ea4.pdf<br \/>\r\n[18] World Bank. (2007). Healthy Development: The World Bank Strategy for Health, Nutrition and Population Results, 220. Retrieved from http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=fFSuVyHe1mwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Healthy+development+world+bank&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=QQ1u0DV8i8&amp;sig=0bXrPW8N-YLu513fxoqaFGU2soo&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=ng8ATMmGG8T38AaGrdisDQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CBkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bertha Mwinuka, Mary J Chacha &#8220;Factors Associated With Low Enrollment to Community Health Fund (CHF) in Mkuranga District- Pwani, Tanzania&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.44-48 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/44-48.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/44-48.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/factors-associated-with-low-enrollment-to-community-health-fund-chf-in-mkuranga-district-pwani-tanzania\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Factors Associated With Low Enrollment to Community Health Fund (CHF) in Mkuranga District- Pwani, Tanzania<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234462b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"234462b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23453b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23453b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2345500\" data-id=\"2345500\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2345610 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2345610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23456d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23456d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2345843\" data-id=\"2345843\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2345955 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2345955\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Influence of Management Discipline among Secondary Schools Students Academic Performance: (A Case Study of Selected Schools in Sokoto South Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Usman Mohammed, Haliru Abubakar, Hassan Malami Alkanchi &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 49-57<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23459f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23459f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2345b72\" data-id=\"2345b72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2345c96 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2345c96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The research study was conducted on influence of management discipline among secondary schools students of academic performance in selected school in Sokoto south local government, Sokoto state Nigeria. The research was guided by the following research objectives: to establish the relationship between punishment as a tool of instilling discipline on students\u2019 academic performance in secondary school in Sokoto south local government, to examine the effect of reward on students\u2019 academic performance in secondary school in Sokoto south local government, to examine the effect of school counseling on students academic performance in secondary school in Sokoto south local government. The researcher used a cross-sectional survey design; a sample of four hundred and fifty seven respondents made up of three hundred and fifty seven students, ninety seven teachers, and three head teachers was selected using both random and non-random method. Data was collected using Questionnaires, Interview schedules and documentary analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. The study found that punishment was negatively related to students\u2019 academic performance in secondary schools (r (357) = -.002, P &gt; .005. Reward was positively related to students\u2019 academic performance (r (357) = .004, P &gt; .005, and finally school counseling was positively related to students\u2019 academic performance as computed (r (357) = .004, P &gt; .005. As a result of the above findings, the null hypothesis that there is insignificance relationship of punishment, reward and school counseling on the academic performance, was accepted in only punishment and rejected for reward and counseling. Therefore, the researcher recommended that there is a need for the key stakeholders in the field of education to urgently lay strategies aimed at improving discipline among students in secondary schools.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 49-57\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 17 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Usman Mohammed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of General Education, Biga College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Haliru Abubakar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Social Studies, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Hassan Malami Alkanchi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Umaru Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adams, N. (2003). Secondary school management today. London, Melbourne, Sydney, Auckland Johannesburg, Hutchinson Ltd, Clandos place.<br \/>\r\n[2] Adeyemo, P. A. (2006). Principles and practice of education: University of Ile-Ife.<br \/>\r\n[3] Amin, M.E, (2005). Social science research; Conception, Methodology and Analysis.Makerere University, Kampala.<br \/>\r\n[4] Baker, S. B., &amp; Gerler, E.R. (2001).Counseling in schools.Oxford University Press, London.<br \/>\r\n[5] Banda, A. (2004). Social discipline: Best practices for administrators. Corwin Press, Thousands Oaks, Calfonia.<br \/>\r\n[6] Bear, G., Quinn, M. &amp; Burkholder, S. (2000). Interim alternative educational settings for children with disabilities, Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.<br \/>\r\n[7] Bennett, N., (2006). Class size in primary schools: perception of head teachers, chairs of governors, teachers and parents. British educational Research Journal 22, 33-35.<br \/>\r\n[8] Canter, L. (2000). Assertive discipline.in C. H. Edwards, ed., classroom discipline and management, (3rd Ed)., John Wiley and Sons, MA, USA.<br \/>\r\n[9] Cotton (2000).Student Discipline and Motivation: Research Synthesis. Portland, Northwest Regional educational Laboratory.<br \/>\r\n[10] Cowley, S. (2001). Getting the buggers to behave: Why do students misbehave? Whatcan I do about it? And what should I not do about it? London: Continuum.<br \/>\r\n[11] Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.<br \/>\r\n[12] Docking, J .W. (2000).Control and discipline in schools.London, Harper and Row publishers.<br \/>\r\n[13] Kabandize, L. I (2004).The management of students\u2019 discipline in secondary schools in Kampala District. (Unpublish Masters Thesis), Makerere University Kampala,Uganda.<br \/>\r\n[14] Krejcie, R. V. and Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities, Educational and psychological measurement, Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[15] Matsoga, J. T. (2003). Crime and school violence in Botswana secondary education: the case of moeding senior secondary school, (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Ohio University,ohio USA.<br \/>\r\n[16] Maleke, L. (2003). Head teachers prescribe the stick.Mmegi Newsletter. Gaborone 17 October.<br \/>\r\n[17] McGregor, A. (1960). Theories X and Y, revisited oxford leadership, journal of shiftingthe trajectory of civilization. 73, 15-36.<br \/>\r\n[18] Mpaata, K. A., (2008). The crime of arson in organizations and its strategic implications for education managers in Uganda. (Unpublished Masters thesis), Makarere University, Kampala, Uganda.<br \/>\r\n[19] Mpiso, S. P., (2004). The perspective of punishment in secondary schools of Mubende District.(Unpublished Masters thesis), Makerere University.Kampala, Uganda.<br \/>\r\n[20] Musaazi, J. C., (2006). The theory and practice of educational administration.London: Macmillan publishers.<br \/>\r\n[21] Oosthuizen, I. J., Roux, J. M., &amp; Van der Walt, J. L. (2003).A classical approach to the restoration of discipline in South African schools. Koers 68: 373-390.<br \/>\r\n[22] Ramharia, V., (30\/11\/2006).Discipline\/indiscipline and violence in secondary schools in Mauritius. MIE news.(Mauritius Research council, Mauritius).<br \/>\r\n[23] Simatwa, E (2007). Management of Student Discipline in Secondary Schools in BungomaDistrict, Kenya.(Unpublished Phd Thesis) Educational .Maseno University; Maseno, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[24] Skiba, R. &amp; Rausch, M (2005).Zero tolerance, suspension and expulsion: Questions of equity and effectiveness. In C.MEverson&amp; C.S Weinstein (Eds.) Handbookofclassroom.29, 101-110.<br \/>\r\n[25] Sugai, G., &amp; Horner, R. (2001).School and discipline: Going to scale. A National summit on the shared implementation of IDEA, Washington D.C. Retrieved December 09 2014 from www.ideainfo.org on .<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Usman Mohammed, Haliru Abubakar, Hassan Malami Alkanchi &#8220;Influence of Management Discipline among Secondary Schools Students Academic Performance: (A Case Study of Selected Schools in Sokoto South Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.49-57 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/49-57.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/49-57.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/influence-of-management-discipline-among-secondary-schools-students-academic-performance-a-case-study-of-selected-schools-in-sokoto-south-local-government-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Influence of Management Discipline among Secondary Schools Students Academic Performance: (A Case Study of Selected Schools in Sokoto South Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2346b09 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2346b09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span 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data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Using Solar Energy in Water Purifying System in Myanmar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nwe Ni Than, Myat Thu Zar &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 58-61<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23484c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23484c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2348658\" data-id=\"2348658\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234877a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234877a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3691\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">People living in rural area of Myanmar do not get safe drinking water for everyday life. Therefore clear water is needed and simple water purification system play a vital role for most rural area in Myanmar. Water purification process consists of eliminating detrimental chemicals, biological poisons, suspended solids and gases from polluted water. In this paper, water purification with reverse osmosis (RO) and Ultra Violet (UV) system is proposed and implement with solar hybrid energy for water purification. This proposed system is very efficient for sustainable development in Myanmar. The main objective of this paper is breaking up the bacteria containing in water and to support the required clean water for household in rural area. 1m \u00d7 2m solar panel is required for this system and this solar panel collect energy from sunlight and then charges 12 V batteries to support energy. This system design has low cost, simple installation and portable use in all location. Moreover, the system must support enough clean water every household.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 58-61\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3692\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nwe Ni Than<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nInformation Technology of System and Maintenance, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Myat Thu Zar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFaculty of Computer System and Technology, University of Computer Studies, Hinthada<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3693\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Joe-Air Jiang, Tsong-Liang Huang, YingTung Hsiao, Chia-Hong Chen, Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol 8, No2, pp.147-153 (2005).<br \/>\r\n[2] M. R. AlRashidi, K. M. El-Naggar, and M. F. AlHajri, \u201cParameters Estimation of Double Diode Solar Cell Model\u201d, International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:7, No:2, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[3] S. Jebaraj, and S. Iniyan, 2006. \u201cA review of energy models\u201d, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 10.<br \/>\r\n[4] S.M. Alghuwainem, \u201cMatching of a dc motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-up converter with a current-locked loop\u201d, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion Vol 9, No 1 March 1994, pp 192-198.<br \/>\r\n[5] T. T.H. Yee, S.S.Win, and N. N. Soe, \u201cSolar Energy Potential and Applications in Myanmar\u201d, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[6] T. Hiyama, K.Kitabayashi, \u201cNeural netwrk based estimation of maximum power generation from PV module using environmental information \u201c IEEE Transaction on Energy conversion. Vol 12, December.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3694\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nwe Ni Than, Myat Thu Zar &#8220;Using Solar Energy in Water Purifying System in Myanmar&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.58-61 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/58-61.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3695\" 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(HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3696\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/using-solar-energy-in-water-purifying-system-in-myanmar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Using Solar Energy in Water Purifying System in Myanmar<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2349572 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2349572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" 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data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234a5ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234a5ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234a64a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234a64a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234a788\" data-id=\"234a788\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234a895 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234a895\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234a92f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234a92f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234aa97\" data-id=\"234aa97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234aba0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234aba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Firms in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Yakubu Abubakar, Dangana Umaru, Olaifa Oluwafemi Olumuyiwa &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 62-67<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234ac7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234ac7e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234aec7\" data-id=\"234aec7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234b0b2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234b0b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examines the impact of Working Capital Management on Financial performance of selected quoted firms in Nigeria. The study has been conducted in different parts of the globe and in Nigeria with different findings which are mixed and inconclusive. The population of the study consists of ten (10) firms quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange as at 31st December 2019 out of which ten (10) firms were selected as samples for a period of seven (11) years from 2009 to 2019 based on purposeful sampling technique. The study uses multiple regressions as a tool for analysis. The proxy for working capital management were cash conversion period, debt equity ratio and inventory conversion period while the proxy for financial performance was Return on Equity (ROE).The study reveals that Cash Conversion Cycle showed a positive significant impact on financial performance of selected quoted firms in Nigeria while Debt Equity Ratio and Inventory Conversion Period have no significant impact on financial performance of selected quoted firms in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 62-67\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Yakubu Abubakar<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nGbenga Olowe &amp; Co Chartered Accountants Firm<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dangana Umaru<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Education, Gidan Waya, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Olaifa Oluwafemi Olumuyiwa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Accounting, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><br \/>\r\n[1] Ajayi, M.A, Segun, A &amp; Taiwo O (2017), Impact of Working Capital Management on Financial Performance of Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms In Nigeria, Covenant Journal of Business &amp; Business, Vol. 8 No. 2.<br \/>\r\n[2] Charitou, S.M Elfani, M. &amp; Lois, P. (2010), The Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm\u2019s Profitability: Empirical Evidence From An Emerging Market, Journal of Business &amp; Economics Research, Volume 8, Number 12.<br \/>\r\n[3] Godwin, O., Ailemen, I., Osabohien, R., Chisom, N. &amp; Pascal, N. (2018), Working Capital Management and Bank Performance: Empirical Research of Ten Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria, www.businessperspetives.org.<br \/>\r\n[4] Gujarati (2004), Basic Econometrics, Fourth edition.<br \/>\r\n[5] Ghasemi and Zahediasl(2012), Normality Test For Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non- Statisticians, International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.<br \/>\r\n[6] Kabuye,F., Kato,J. &amp; Bugambiro,N. (2019), Internal Control System, Working Capital Management, Accounting, Corporate Governance &amp; Business Research Article.<br \/>\r\n[7] Kaur, V.H and DisttRopar, M.(2013), Managing Efficiency and Profitability Through Working Capital: An Empirical Analysis of BSE 200 Companies, Assian Journal Of Business Management. ISSN: 2041-8744.<br \/>\r\n[8] KibetKiptoo,I., Kariuki, S. &amp; Maina, E.K. (2017), Working Capital Management Practices and Financial Performance of Tea Processing Firms in Kenya, International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance ISSN 2518-2366.<br \/>\r\n[9] Mabandla, Z.N. (2018), The Relationship Between Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Listed Food and Beverage Companies in South Africa, University of South Africa, Department of Business Management.<br \/>\r\n[10] Madugba, U.J and Ogbonnaya, K.A.(2016), Working Capital Management and Financial Performance, Evidence From Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria, European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research Vol. 4, No. 9, pp. 98-106.<br \/>\r\n[11] Nyakundi, T., Charles, O., Zablon, E., Jared, A. (2016), Influence of Working Capital Management Practices and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Machakos Sub- County, Kenya, International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, ISSN 2307-4531.<br \/>\r\n[12] Onodje, M.A. (2014), Working Capital Management and Performance of Selected Nigerian Manufacturing Companies, Global Journal of Management and Business Research, Volume 14, Issue 3, ISSN: 2249 \u2013 4588.<br \/>\r\n[13] Oseifuah, E. (2018), Global Financial Crisis, Working Capital Management and Profitablity of Non-Financial Firms Listed on the Johannesburg Stock exchange, South Africa, International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, Volume 2 Issue, pp. 92-111.<br \/>\r\n[14] Uwaoma,I. &amp; David, W.(2017), Working Capital Management and Firms Financial Performance of Oil Companies In Nigeria, Journal of Business and Management, Volume 19, Issue 1.<br \/>\r\n[15] Taani, K. (2012), Impact of Working Capital Management Policy and Financial Leverage on Financial Performance, Empirical Evidence Amman Stock Exchange Listed Companies, International Journal Of Management Sciences and Business Research. ISSN: 2226-8235.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yakubu Abubakar, Dangana Umaru, Olaifa Oluwafemi Olumuyiwa, &#8220;Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Firms in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.62-67 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/62-67.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" 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aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/working-capital-management-and-financial-performance-of-selected-quoted-firms-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Firms in Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234c6dc elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"234c6dc\" 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234cdb5\" data-id=\"234cdb5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234cedc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234cedc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234cfa0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234cfa0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d11e\" data-id=\"234d11e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d22a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d22a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d2c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d2c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d419\" data-id=\"234d419\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d5c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d5c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d705\" data-id=\"234d705\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234d818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234d818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234d8ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234d8ba\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234d9f5\" data-id=\"234d9f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234daf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234daf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234db9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234db9a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234dcde\" data-id=\"234dcde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234dddf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234dddf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234de74 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234de74\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234dffe\" data-id=\"234dffe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234e116 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234e116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Moderating Effects of Strategic Human Resource on Organizational Performance of Selected NGOs in Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mustafa Mohammed Al-Mawmari, Ismail Bin Rejab, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 68-78<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234e1b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234e1b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234e342\" data-id=\"234e342\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234e48f elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"234e48f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Over the last decade, organizations have been aware of the vital role human resources play in achieving better performance. Nevertheless, non-governmental organizations are not fully aware of this problem and need to make more use of human resource strategies to improve their organizational efficiency. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and organizational performance in non-governmental organizations and to determine the extent of the impact on organizational performance of SHRM (acquisition, training, retention and internal labor market); Data were collected through hard copy questionnaires distributed to 531 management and non-management staff of non-profit organizations based in Riyadh, Al-Qassim and Al-Sharqiyah districts of Saudi Arabia. The study&#8217;s instrument included 45 items and was designed to assess the practices of Strategic Human Resources (SHR), mediator variables and organizational performance. Hypothesized relationships between SHRM, organizational performance and mediators were then tested using Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the analysis showed that SHRM was significantly and positively related to organizational performance. Moreover, the results have shown that mediator variables, such as employee engagement, play a significant role in mediating between SHRM and organizational performance. The results showed that the acquisition and retention of all four independent variables had the greatest impact on organizational performance. In addition, the results of this study indicated that the mediated variables successfully mediated between the SHRM and the operational performance of non-governmental organizations. Finally, the results may help shape the foundation for practical guidelines for administrators of non-governmental organizations of promoting human resource management activity and for workers associated with preserving their strategic edge for long-term organizational performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 68-78\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 18 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mustafa Mohammed Al-Mawmari<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ismail Bin Rejab<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Ahmad, S., &amp; Schroeder, R. 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Managing telecommuters: Opportunities and challenges, American Business Review, 21, 9-16.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mustafa Mohammed Al-Mawmari, Ismail Bin Rejab, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi &#8220;The Moderating Effects of Strategic Human Resource on Organizational Performance of Selected NGOs in Saudi Arabia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp. 68-78 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/68-78.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234f726\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234f88a\" data-id=\"234f88a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234f995 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234f995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234fa2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234fa2d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234fb97\" data-id=\"234fb97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234fca0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234fca0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-234fd38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"234fd38\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-234fe82\" data-id=\"234fe82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-234ff8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"234ff8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350067 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350067\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23501c9\" data-id=\"23501c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23502de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23502de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350385 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350385\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23504c7\" data-id=\"23504c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23505c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23505c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350668 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350668\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23507b8\" data-id=\"23507b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23508b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23508b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350951 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350951\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2350bde\" data-id=\"2350bde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2350d00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2350d00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Essential Nutrients Availability for Sustainable Production of Soybeans (Glycine Max [L.] Merril) in Garba Chede, Maihula District Bali Local Government of Taraba State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>D. Samaila, I. Ojeaga, A. Abdulkadir &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 79-84<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2350db9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2350db9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2351044\" data-id=\"2351044\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2351192 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2351192\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The availability of essential nutrient elements in soil of an area is a pointer to the fertility capacity in supporting agricultural productivity in sustainable manner. Macro and micro nutrients governs the fertility of soil that controlled crop growth and yield, the study was carried out to determine the availability of these essential nutrient elements as N P K Mg SCa Na Zn Mn Cu Fe in soil of Garba chede,Maihula District of Bali sufficient for production of Soy beans. Field survey was conducted where soil samples (0 \u2013 15cm) were collected and analyzed for the levels of these macro and micro elements in the soil using the standard laboratory procedures.The Organic carbon, Soil pH, and Phosphorus levels in the soils were within low to medium (0.53 \u2013 1.32, 4.6 -6.7 and 5.12 -27.21) respectively. The concentration of K (170 mg\/kg \u2013 459 mg\/kg) and Mg (0.4 cmol\/kg \u2013 3.26 cmol\/kg) analyzed in the soils are sufficiently higher while CEC and Ca contents of the soil are low (6.4 \u2013 15.2 and 1.17 \u2013 1.98).The levels of essential micro nutrient elements determined in the soils under studied were higher. The essential nutrient elements analyzed in the soil can support soybean production only few of these elements that indicated low availability needs to be supplied with organic manure and inorganic fertilizer in a balanced form to increase the yield of soybeans in Bali.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 79-84\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>D. Samaila <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>I. Ojeaga<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>A. Abdulkadir <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Agricultural Technology Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abbott L K, Murphy MV 2003 Soil biological fertility: a key to sustainable land use in agriculture. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, the Netherlands pp 264<br \/>\r\n[2] Alloway, B. J. and Ayres, D. C. (1990) Chemical principle of environmental pollution. 1stEdition Academic Glasgow Ltd., New York. 291pp.<br \/>\r\n[3] Ashri, A. (1998). Sesame breeding. Annual reviwof Plant Breeding 16: 179-228.<br \/>\r\n[4] Awanish K, Mishra V.N, Srivastav L.K and Rakesh B (2014) Evaluation of soil fertility status of available major nutrients (N.P and K) and micro nutrients(Fe, Mn Cu and Zn) in vertisol of Kabeerdham, india IJIMS vol. 1 NO 10, 72-79<br \/>\r\n[5] Baize, D. (1993). Soil Science and analysis. A guide to current use, John Wiley and sons Ltd, West Sussex. 201pp.<br \/>\r\n[6] Brady, N. C. and Weiss, R. R. (1996). The nature and properties of soils. 13th Edition. Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey. 740pp.<br \/>\r\n[7] Bray, R. H. and Kurtz, L. T. (1945). Determination of total organic and available phosphorus in soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 39: 39-45.<br \/>\r\n[8] Budotela, G. M. R. (1995). Evaluation of Minjingu Phosphate Rock as a source of phosphorus for grapevine production in Dodoma district. Dissertation for Award of Msc. Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. 25-28pp.<br \/>\r\n[9] Chapman, A. D. (1965). Cation Exchange Capacity. In: methods of soil analysis (Edited by Black, C. A., Evance, D. D., Ensiminger, L. E., Clark, F. E. and White, J. L.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle New Jersey. pp 891-901.<br \/>\r\n[10] Eldiabani G.S, Hale W.H.G and Heron C.P (2018) study on the effect of Burning on the Organic Matter, the Total N, the Total P and the Exchangeable K of the soils along Northern- East District of Libya. Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry vol 5.Issue 2. ISSN 2380-2391.<br \/>\r\n[11] Food and Agriculture Organization. (1998). Environmental issues and policies Specialreport for the Ministry of Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture Printer, Rome,Italy. 27pp.<br \/>\r\n[12] Havlin, J., Nelson, W. L and Beaton, J. D. (2003). Extractable micronutrients: The soil fertility and fertilizers. [http:\/\/courses.soil.ncsu.edu\/ssc342] visited on 30\/07\/2012.<br \/>\r\n[13] Landon, J. R. (1991). Booker tropical soil manual, Hand Book for soil survey and Agricultural land evaluation in Tropics and sub-tropics. Longman. New York. 74pp.<br \/>\r\n[14] Letayo, E. A. (2001). Effect of tillage practices and spatial arrangement on pearl millet + Groungnuts intercropping in Dodoma. Disertation for Award of Msc. Degree of Agriculture at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro. Tanzania. 22-23pp.<br \/>\r\n[15] Mishra, A. K. and Agarwal, H. P. (1994). Effect of sulphur on growth yield, protein and oil content of soybean. Indian Journal of Oilseeds Research 11: 99-102.<br \/>\r\n[16] Nantongo, S., Ssekabembe, C. K. and Osiru, D. S. O. (2002). Response to plant population of local and improved sesame varieties. In: 5thRegional meeting ofForum on Agricultural Resource Husbandry. (Edited by Ssekabembe et al.), 7-9 July 2000, Kampala, Uganda. 135-137pp.<br \/>\r\n[17] National Population Census (2006). National Population Commission Office Magami Road, Jalingo, Taraba State.<br \/>\r\n[18] Rhoades, J. D. (1982). Cation Exchange Capacity. In: Methods of soil analysis. (Edited by Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. and Keeney, D. R.), American society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin. 149-157pp.<br \/>\r\n[19] Ross R. Bender, Jason W. Haegele and Frederick E. Below (2015) Nutrient uptake, partitioning and Remobilization in modern Soybean varieties. Agronomy journal volume 107.1ssue 2<br \/>\r\n[20] Singh, R.P. and Mishra S.K. 2013, Available macro nutrients (N, P, K, And S) in the soils of Chiraigaon block of districts Varanasi (U.P) in Relation to soil characteristics, Indian J. Scientific Res.,3(1): 97-100.<br \/>\r\n[21] Subbiah, B.V. and Asija G.L. 1956. A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Curr. Sci., 25: 259-260.Sustainable Agriculture, 1998; 13(1): 15-41.<br \/>\r\n[22] Tisdale, S. L, Nelson, W. L. and Beaton, J. D. (1993). Soil fertility and fertilizers. 4th<br \/>\r\n[23] Tisdale, S. L, Nelson, W. L. and Beaton, J. D. (1993). Soil fertility and fertilizers. 6th<br \/>\r\n[24] Topographic Sheet (1968). By Federal Surveyors Nigeria. Topographic Sheet, No. 255, edition 1, with scale of 1: 100,000.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. Samaila, I. Ojeaga, A. Abdulkadir &#8220;The Essential Nutrients Availability for Sustainable Production of Soybeans (Glycine Max [L.] Merril) in Garba Chede, Maihula District Bali Local Government of Taraba State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.79-84 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/79-84.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/79-84.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-essential-nutrients-availability-for-sustainable-production-of-soybeans-glycine-max-l-merril-in-garba-chede-maihula-district-bali-local-government-of-taraba-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Essential Nutrients Availability for Sustainable Production of Soybeans (Glycine Max [L.] Merril) in Garba Chede, Maihula District Bali Local Government of Taraba State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2352380 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2352380\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235246c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235246c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235261d\" data-id=\"235261d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2352755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2352755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23527ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23527ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2352965\" data-id=\"2352965\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2352a81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2352a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2352b20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2352b20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2352c66\" data-id=\"2352c66\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2352d73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2352d73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2352e0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2352e0f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2352f58\" data-id=\"2352f58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2353059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2353059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23530fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23530fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235323f\" data-id=\"235323f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2353344 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2353344\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23533dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23533dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353520\" data-id=\"2353520\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235362e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235362e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23536c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23536c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353822\" data-id=\"2353822\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235393f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235393f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Antimicrobial Resistance: A Threat in Nephrology<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Fathimath Thasreefa. P, Dr. Shinu. C, Gopika. T, Mohammed Asheeque. A. K &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 85-87<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23539e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23539e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2353b52\" data-id=\"2353b52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2353c78 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2353c78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Kidney diseases mainly include acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and urinary tract infections. Nephrology disease can lead to decline in patients own immune system, resulting in serious infections. Urinary tract infection is a common infection of nephrology disease, which causes a very serious impact on health of patients. Therefore, analysis of pathogen distribution should be strengthened. Infection is a major cause of morbidity at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can directly contribute towards patient mortality. CKD patients may be at an increased risk of infection due to background impairment in host immunity. Therefore, infection prevention and management in the CKD population requires holistic care.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 85-87\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fathimath Thasreefa. P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Shinu. C<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gopika. T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Asheeque. A. K<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Dennis Scott BVSc MANZCVS AMRLG. The Mechanics of Antibiotic Resistance.<br \/>\r\n[2] AlemayehuReta ,AbebawBitewKifilie , and AbebaMengis. Bacterial Infections and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.<br \/>\r\n[3] Guobin Su et.al. Association of Kidney Function with Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: An Electronic Medical Record Analysis. Scientific reports(2018) 8:13372.<br \/>\r\n[4] YunqianWang ,Huicong Li, Baoping Chen. Pathogen distribution and drug resistance<br \/>\r\n[5] of nephrology patients with urinary tract infections. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal (2016) 24, 337\u2013340.<br \/>\r\n[6] Karimzadeh , Sadeghimanesh N, Mirzaee M, Sagheb MM. Evaluating the resistance pattern of gram negative bacteria during three years at the nephrology ward of a referral hospital in southwest of Iran. J Nephropathol. 2017;6(3):210-219. DOI: 10.15171\/jnp.2017.35.<br \/>\r\n[7] Rachel F. Eyler and Kristina Shvets. Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Vol 14 July, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[8] A. Marchese and G.C. Schitto .Oxazolidinones as a new family of antimicrobials. Clinical Microbiology and Infections, volume 7,2001.<br \/>\r\n[9] Judith N. Steenbergen, Jeff Alder, Grace M. Thorne and Francis P. Tally. Daptomycin: a lipopeptide antibiotic for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2005) 55, 283\u2013288.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Fathimath Thasreefa. P, Dr. Shinu. C, Gopika. T, Mohammed Asheeque. A. K &#8220;Antimicrobial Resistance: A Threat in Nephrology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.85-87 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/85-87.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/85-87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/antimicrobial-resistance-a-threat-in-nephrology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Antimicrobial Resistance: A Threat in Nephrology<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2354b49 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2354b49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2354c1c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2354c1c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2354dad\" data-id=\"2354dad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2354eca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2354eca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2354f6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2354f6d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23550c2\" data-id=\"23550c2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23551d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23551d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2355270 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2355270\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23553b1\" data-id=\"23553b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23554f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23554f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23555a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23555a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23556e4\" data-id=\"23556e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23557e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23557e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2355889 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2355889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23559eb\" data-id=\"23559eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2355af2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2355af2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Information and Communication Technology for Entrepreneurship Skills Development in Woodwork Trade in Technical Schools in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bala Maik Mohammed, Kareem Bamidele Wahab, Abdullahi Mohammed Hassan, Franka Chinenye Nwankwo &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 88-92<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2355b8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2355b8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2355e61\" data-id=\"2355e61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2355fb9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2355fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has continue to gain momentum within framework of potential efforts and strategies to boost all faucets of human endeavour among which is acquisition of skills in Entrepreneurship and Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for employment and job creation. Regrettably, many technical college graduate entrepreneurs do not achieve optimal success in their businesses due to poor skills in entrepreneurship, technical and computer soft skills required for success in the occupation. Consequently, woodwork entrepreneurs faced huge financial burden resulting from lack of stable income. This situation neither empowers them to manage their problems nor to provide the quality services needed for economic growth. This paper targeted the technical college students studying the woodwork trade in Nigeria. The paper identified needed skills in the areas of woodworking occupations, entrepreneurship and the use of computer in modern day woodworking. Strategies for integrating Information and Communication Technology skills with entrepreneurial and technical skills in woodworking needed for adjustment and successful entrepreneurship were discussed. The paper provides some important basic information that can inspire the technical college graduate entrepreneur into a successful entrepreneurship. The paper also made laudable recommendations.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 88-92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 21 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bala Maik Mohammed<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial and Technology Education, School of Science and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kareem Bamidele Wahab<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial and Technology Education, School of Science and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdullahi Mohammed Hassan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial and Technology Education, School of Science and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Franka Chinenye Nwankwo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Industrial and Technology Education, School of Science and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Adebusuyi, A. M. (2002). Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria: The Prospect of Secondary Students. Nigeria Association of Business Education. Vol. 3 No. 5, pp.147-153.<br \/>\r\n[2] Anyakoha, E. U. (2006). Entrepreneurship Education and Wealth Creation Strategies: Practical Tips for Economic Empowerment and Survival, Nigeria: Home Economics Research Association of Nigeria (HERAN).<br \/>\r\n[3] Fadele, G. (2009). Impact of Vocational Training on Welfare of Immates in Nigerian Prisons. Unpulished Ph.D Thesis Ibadan: University of Ibadan.<br \/>\r\n[4] Igbo, C. A. (2006). Developing Entrepreneurship Through Entrepreneurship Education in Anyakoha, E. U. (Eds) Entrepreneurship Education and Wealth Creation Strategies: Practical Tips for Economic Empowerment and Survival. Nigeria: Home economic Research Association of Nigeria (HERAN).<br \/>\r\n[5] Ihekoronye, C. N. (2006). Women Entrepreneurship Challenges, Contribution to Family Living, Economics development and growth, Nigeria: Journal of Home Economics Research (Special Edition vol. 7, pp. 24-27. HERAN.<br \/>\r\n[6] Kafka, N. (2013). What are the Implications of the ICT Revolution For TVET? UNESCO-UNEVOC e-Forum &#8211; Virtual Conference on ICTs &amp; TVET Held from 14 to 28 May 2013. Retrieved 10th March, 2020 from https:\/\/unevoc.unesco.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/docs\/ICTandTVET_background-note.pdf<br \/>\r\n[7] Le Boterf, G. (2010). Costruire le Competenze Individuali e Collettive. Agire e Riuscire con Competenza. Le Risposte a 100 Domande. Guida: Napoli. Sakarya University. Retrieved 11th January, 2020 from doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.1129<br \/>\r\n[8] Maccario, D. (2012). A Scuola di Competenze. Verso un Nuovo Modello Didattico. Torino: Societ\u00e0 Editrice Internazionale. Retrieved 11th January, 2020 from doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.1129<br \/>\r\n[9] Nafokho, F. M. (2002). Entrepreneurial Skills Development Programmes for Unemployed Youth in Africa. Journal of Small Business Management.<br \/>\r\n[10] Nelson, B. (2006). Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Promotion in Asia and Pacific Region. Proceeding of the Regional Workshop on Training for Entrepreneurship and self-Employment. Asian Development Bank &amp; ILO.<br \/>\r\n[11] Okorie, J. U. (2000). Developing Nigeria\u2019s Workforce. Calabar: Page Environs Pub.<br \/>\r\n[12] Onu, W. C. (2006). Practical tips to successful Entrepreneurship in Anyakoha, E. U. (Eds) Entrepreneurship Education and Wealth Creation Strategies: Practical Tips for Economic Empowerment and Survival, Nigeria: Home Economic Research Association of Nigeria (HERAN).<br \/>\r\n[13] Saud et al. (2011). Effective Integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Toward Knowledge Management in the Changing World of Work\u2019, African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5, No. 16, pp. 6668-6673. Retrieved 7th December, 2019 from http:\/\/www.academicjournals.org\/ajbm\/pdf\/pdf2011\/18Aug\/Saud%20et%20al.pdf<br \/>\r\n[14] Toscany Academy (2012). Computer Education in Nigeria Secondary Schools. Retrieved 18th November, 2019 from http:\/\/www.toscanyacademy.com<br \/>\r\n[15] United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2013). Connecting Social Entrepreneurship in ICT with Educational Purposes: The Cambodian Case of Digital Divide Data. Retrieved 7th December, 2019 from http:\/\/www.unescobkk.org\/education\/ict\/online-resources\/databases\/ict-in-education-database\/item\/article\/connecting-social-entrepreneurship-in-ict-with-educational-purposes-the-cambodian-case-of-digital-d\/<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bala Maik Mohammed, Kareem Bamidele Wahab, Abdullahi Mohammed Hassan, Franka Chinenye Nwankwo &#8220;Information and Communication Technology for Entrepreneurship Skills Development in Woodwork Trade in Technical Schools in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp. 88-92 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/88-92.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/88-92.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/information-and-communication-technology-for-entrepreneurship-skills-development-in-woodwork-trade-in-technical-schools-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Information and Communication Technology for Entrepreneurship Skills Development in Woodwork Trade in Technical Schools in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2356e29 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2356e29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2356ef8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2356ef8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2357073\" data-id=\"2357073\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2357193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2357193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2357232 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2357232\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235738a\" data-id=\"235738a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235749d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235749d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235753d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235753d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235768b\" data-id=\"235768b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235779b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235779b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235783a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235783a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23579ea\" data-id=\"23579ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2357af8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2357af8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2357b9e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2357b9e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2357ce8\" data-id=\"2357ce8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2357def elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2357def\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2357e88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2357e88\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2358022\" data-id=\"2358022\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2358139 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2358139\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23581d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23581d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2358362\" data-id=\"2358362\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235847b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235847b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hypertension \u2013 A Silent Killer<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Gopika T, Dr. Shinu.C, Fathimath Thasreefa P, Mohammed Asheeque A.K &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 93-96<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2358518 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2358518\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2358673\" data-id=\"2358673\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23588e6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23588e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Hypertension is a major public health problem all around the world due to its high prevalence. Around 7.5 million deaths is occur or 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths worldwide occur due to high blood pressure. It is predicted to be increased to 1.56 billion adults with hypertension in 2025. Raised blood pressure is the major risk factor for chronic heart disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. BP elevation is very much positively correlated to the risk of having stroke and coronary heart disease. Other than coronary heart disease and stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, renal impairment, retinal hemorrhage, and visual impairment are the complications. Hypertension (or HTN) or high blood pressure is defined as abnormally high arterial blood pressure. According to the Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7), normal blood pressure is a systolic BP &lt; 120mmHg and diastolic BP &lt; 80mmHg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of \u2265140mmHg and\/or diastolic BP level \u2265 90mmHg. The grey area falling between 120\u2013139mmHg systolic BP and 80\u201389mmHg diastolic BP is defined as \u201cpre-hypertension\u201d. Pre -hypertensive subjects are at more risk of developing hypertension but it itself is not a medical condition. The risk factors and factors affecting poor adherence can be reduced by assessing medication adherence and by providing patient counseling about their disease conditions, drugs, and life style modifications.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 93-96\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 22 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Gopika T<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Poonthavanam (PO), Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Shinu.C<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Poonthavanam (PO), Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fathimath Thasreefa P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Poonthavanam (PO), Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Mohammed Asheeque A.K<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAlshifa College of Pharmacy, Poonthavanam (PO), Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]. Arun Mathew, Venkat Paluri, Venkateswaramurthy.N. A Study on Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions on Relationship between Treatment Satisfaction and Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients, Journal of pharmaceutical Science and Research, Vol. 8(4), 2016, page no &#8211; 190-197<br \/>\r\n[2]. Ramanath KV, Balaji DBSS, Nagakishore CH.et.al. A Study on Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life in Rural Hypertensive Patients, Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2012, Vol 4, No 2<br \/>\r\n[3]. Michel Burnier, Brent M. Egan. Adherence in Hypertension; A Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Impact, and Management, Journal of American Heart Association, Circulation research. 2019;124, page no :1124-1140<br \/>\r\n[4]. Valirie Ndip Agbor, Noah Fongwen Takah, Leopold Ndemnge Aminde. Prevalence and factors associated with medication adherence among patients with hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis, British Medical Journal 2018;8<br \/>\r\n[5]. Suzanne H. S. Lo, BN, MSc; Janita P. C. Chau, BN, MPhil, PhD.et.al. Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in Older Adults With Hypertension, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, Vol :31, No. 4, page no : 296-303<br \/>\r\n[6]. Salwa A. Mohamed1 and Ahmed A. Gomaa, Effectiveness of Self-Management Program on Knowledge, Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of Biomedicine and Nursing 2018, vol :4, issue:4<br \/>\r\n[7]. Alberto Zanchetti, Hypertension: prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, Journal of Hypertension 2018, vol:36, no:1 page no:1\u20133<br \/>\r\n[8]. Alberto Zanchetti, Predisposing factors, accompanying diseases and complications of hypertension, Journal of Hypertension 2017, vol:35, No:4, page no:655\u2013656<br \/>\r\n[9]. Alberto Zanchetti, Factors and consequences of hypertension, Journal of Hypertension 2017, vol: 35, No:1 page no:1\u20132<br \/>\r\n[10]. Shikha Singh, Ravi Shankar,and Gyan Prakash Singh, Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Varanasi, International Journal of Hypertension Volume 2017, vol :10, page no: 184-187<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Gopika T, Dr. Shinu.C, Fathimath Thasreefa P, Mohammed Asheeque A.K &#8220;Hypertension \u2013 A Silent Killer&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.93-96 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/93-96.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/93-96.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/hypertension-a-silent-killer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hypertension \u2013 A Silent Killer<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2359ad7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2359ad7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2359be9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2359be9\" 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data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235a1c3\" data-id=\"235a1c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235a361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235a361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235a420 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235a420\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235a577\" data-id=\"235a577\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235a6a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235a6a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235a74b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235a74b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235a8a0\" data-id=\"235a8a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235a9a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235a9a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235aabf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235aabf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235ac26\" data-id=\"235ac26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ad31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ad31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235add9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235add9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235af4b\" data-id=\"235af4b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b0f4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b0f4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b28a\" data-id=\"235b28a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b44b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b44b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b5b9\" data-id=\"235b5b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235b6f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235b6f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Bacteriological Quality of Mullet (<i>Mugil Cephalus<\/i>) in Ohiakwu River, Port Harcourt<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Lawrence. O. Amadi, Janet. O. Williams, Osahon. T. Nosayame &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 97-100<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235b82b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235b82b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235b9dd\" data-id=\"235b9dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235bb3e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"235bb3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The bacteriological quality of the gastrointestinal tracts and gills of mullet (<em>Mugilcephalus<\/em>) in Ohiakwu River, Port Harcourt were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively using standard bacteriological method. The results obtained showed that the fish used for this study were at adult stage. Heterotrophic bacteria were highest in the mullet gill than in other fish parts. In all, the bacterial count showed slight significant difference at P\u22650.05. Seven (7) bacterial genera were identified (<em>Bacillus<\/em> species, <em>Vibrio<\/em> species, <em>Pseudomonas<\/em> species, <em>Shigella<\/em> species, <em>Escherichia<\/em> species, <em>Klebsiella<\/em> species and <em>Staphylococcus<\/em> species) with <em>Micrococcus<\/em> species and <em>Bacilluslentus <\/em>been the only species isolated in all samples during the study period. The investigation reveals a relatively high concentration of bacterial population in the mullet. The observation of high bacterialload in the mullet especially in the gills indicates that mullet pick up these bacteria from their environment when they feed. High bacterialload in fish gill and intestine is as a result of the fish high metabolic rates together with increase feeding activities. The presence of these organisms in the mullet especially in the gills and gastrointestinal tract can be transferred through the trophic level to humans when we consume these fishes. The knowledge of the microflora of mullet can assist in the management of abnormality that may arise as a prelude to the onset of bacterial diseases in the fish. This knowledge may be helpful in the storage of mullet since bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract may affect the quality and storage of the fish.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 97-100\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lawrence. O. Amadi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Janet. O. Williams<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Osahon. T. Nosayame<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Hurst, C. J., (1997). Manual of Environmental Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology. Washington, D.C. p 894.<br \/>\r\n[2] Wedekind, C. M., Gessner, F., Vazquez, M., Maerki,and D. Steiner., (2010). Elevated to turn opportunistic into virulent fish pathogens resource availability.<br \/>\r\n[3] Whitfield, A. K.; Panfili, J.; and Durand, J. D., (2012). A Global Review of the Cosmopolitan Flathead Mullet (Mugilcephalus) Linnaeus 1758 (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with Emphasis on the Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Fisheries Aspects of This Apparent Species Complex. Revelation of Fishery Biology. 22, 641\u2013681.<br \/>\r\n[4] Austin, B., and Austin, D. A., (1987). Bacterial fish pathogens disease in farmed and wild fish. Ellis Horwood Limited, John Wiley &amp; Sons, NY<br \/>\r\n[5] Lawson, E. and Jimoh, A. (2010). Aspect of the Biology of Grey Mullet, in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Journal of Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation. Vol 3.<br \/>\r\n[6] Kaneko, S., (1971). Microbiological study of fresh fish. New Food Industry 13, 76\u201380.<br \/>\r\n[7] Odeyemi, A. T., Dada, A. C., Ogubanjo, O. R., Ojo, M. A., (2010). Bacteriological, Physicochemical and Mineral Studies on Awedele Spring Water and Soil Samples in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. In African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 4, 2010, No. 6, p. 319-327.<br \/>\r\n[8] Amadi, A. N., Okoye, N. O., Alabi, AminuTukur, A. D., and Angwa, E. M., (2014). Quality Assessment of Soil and Groundwater near Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company, Northwest Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 3(6): 884-893.<br \/>\r\n[9] King, M., Batty, M., Chapman, L., Bertram, I., Govan, H., Albert, S., Ropeti, E., Yeeting, B, Pakoa, K., Desurmont, A., Sapatu, M, Foale, S., Vave, R., Parras, T., Cleofe, J., Tawake, A., Tan, W., Jupiter, S., Cohen, P., Brewer, T., Maltali, T., Comley, J., Bonito, V., Verducci, M., Grignon, J., Meo, S. and Guilbeaux, M. (2017). Mullets (Mugilidae). Guide to Information Sheets on Fisheries Management for Communities. New Zealand: Pp 39- 40.<br \/>\r\n[10] Henry, E. D., Olaniyi, A. O. and Ike, J. O. (2019). Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Three Species of Mullet (Mugilidae) in the New Calabar River. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 9(2): 65-71.<br \/>\r\n[11] Shewan, J. M., and Hobbs, G., (1967). The bacteriology of fish spoilage and preservation. In: Hockenhull, D.J.D. (Ed.), Progress in Industrial Microbiology. Illffe Books, London.<br \/>\r\n[12] Maugeri, T. L., Caccamo, D., and Gugliandolo, C., (2000). Potentially pathogenic vibrios in brackish waters and mussels. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89, 261\u2013 266.<br \/>\r\n[13] Saif, E.; Mahmoud, A.; Talat, D.; and Madiha S. I., (2017). Studies on prevalence of E- coliand Salmonella in Mullet fish from Different Sources. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences Vol. 55 (1): 162.<br \/>\r\n[14] Ahmed, H. A., Naim, T. U., (2005). Bacterial Diversity of Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) cultured in brackish water in Saudi Arabia. Aquaculture 250 566\u2013 572.<br \/>\r\n[15] Kohler, C. C., (2000). A white paper on the status and needs of tilapia aquaculture in the North Central Region. Southern Illinois University-Carbondale for the North Central Regional Aquaculture Center.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lawrence. O. Amadi, Janet. O. Williams, Osahon. T. Nosayame &#8220;Bacteriological Quality of Mullet (<i>Mugil Cephalus<\/i>) in Ohiakwu River, Port Harcourt&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.97-100 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/97-100.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/97-100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bacteriological-quality-of-mullet-mugil-cephalus-in-ohiakwu-river-port-harcourt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bacteriological Quality of Mullet (<i>Mugil Cephalus<\/i>) in Ohiakwu River, Port Harcourt<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235c92f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"235c92f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235e4b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235e4b0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235e605\" data-id=\"235e605\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235e70d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235e70d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235e7ac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235e7ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235e91a\" data-id=\"235e91a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ea30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ea30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>A Survey of Household Ownership and Utilization of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Net (LLITN) in Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>R.B. Bob-Manuel &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 101-104<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235eacf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235eacf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235ec2d\" data-id=\"235ec2d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ed86 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"235ed86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A survey of household ownership and utilization of long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLITN) was conducted in Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire of World Health Organization (WHO) and specification were used. A total of 484 out of 500 administered were retrieved and data was analysed based on this. The results revealed that 376 (77.7%) used the bed nets as a control measure of mosquito bites; 306 (63.2%) received the bed nets from the Rivers State Government, 284 (58.6%) used them as prescribed (bed net for sleeping); 294 (60.8%) were educated on the reason and use of the bed nets; 100 (20.0%) used them for other purposes other than sleeping, while 284 (57.9%) used and noticed significant reduction in mosquito bites and malaria attack. It could therefore be concluded that LLITN in Bori is positively utilized and should be practiced by other communities in the State.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 101-104\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>R.B. Bob-Manuel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, P.M.B. 5047, Port Harcourt, Rivers State<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Bachou, H.T., Tkaddu-Muhindula, D.H. and Tamwine, I.K. (2006). Bacteriaemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the Human Immunodeficiency virus in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Infect Dis. 6: 160 doi<br \/>\r\n[2] Depinay, N., Hacini, F., Beghdadi, W., Peronet, R. and Mecheri, S. (2006). Most cell \u2013 dependent down \u2013 regulation of antigen-specific immune responses by mosquito bites. Journal of Immunology 176(7) 4141 \u2013 4146<br \/>\r\n[3] Elsele, T.P., Keating, J., Littrel, M.I., Carson, D. and Mcintyre, K. (2009). Assessment of Insecticide Treated Bed-net Use among Children and Pregnant Women across 15 countries using Standard National Surveys. AM Journal of Trop Med Hyg. 80: 209-214<br \/>\r\n[4] Gbana, T., Yemane, B. and Alemayele, W. (2012). Long-lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) use among household members for protection against mosquito bites in Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia. Gobena et al Ivensee Brod Med. Central Ltd. Open Peer review apart.<br \/>\r\n[5] George, J., Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B. and Baker, T.C. (2014). Malaria Mosquitoes Host \u2013 locate and feed upon Caterpillars. PLoS ONE 9(11) e108894<br \/>\r\n[6] Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press.<br \/>\r\n[7] Hull, K. (2006). Malaria fever wars check\/ur\/-value(help)PBS.<br \/>\r\n[8] Meyer, J.R. (2015) Pests of medical importance. Department of Entomology NC State University Produce.<br \/>\r\n[9] Mullen, G. and Durden, L. (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. London. Academic Press. Second Edition.<br \/>\r\n[10] Olukosi, Y.A., Iwalokun, B.A., Magbagbeola, O.A., Akinwande, A. L., Adewale, T.A., Agomo, P.U. and Awolola, T.S. (2005). Pattern of rural-urban acquisition pf pfcrt T76 allele among Nigerian Children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparium malaria. African Journal of Biotechnology 4(4) 361-366.<br \/>\r\n[11] Omodu, E.A. and Omobhund, M.E. (2015). Studies on Bed-Net Ownership and Utilization and other Mosquito Control Practices in Makurdi, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Entomology. 31: 153 \u2013 159.<br \/>\r\n[12] Onwujekwe, O.E., Akpal, C.O., Shu, N.E. and Okonkwo, P.O. (2000). How do rural household perceive and prioritize malaria and mosquito nets, a study of communities in Nigeria. Public Health 114: 407-410.<br \/>\r\n[13] Pulford, J., Peter, M.S. and Ivo, M. (2011). Reported Reasons for not using a Mosquito Net when one is available. A Review of Published Literature. Malaria Journal. 1475 \u2013 2875.<br \/>\r\n[14] Schneider, B.S., Soong, L., Zeidner, N.S. and Higgs, S. (2014) Aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts modulate anti-viral and TH1\/TH2 Cytokine response to sindbis virus infection. Viral Immunology 17(4) 565 \u2013 573.<br \/>\r\n[15] Stekete, R., Nahlem, B., Praise, M. and Menender, M.C. (2001). The Burden of Malaria in Pregnancy in Malaria Endemic Areas. AM Journal of Trop Med. Hyg. 64: 28-35.<br \/>\r\n[16] WHO (2001). Communicable Disease Control Prevention and Education\/WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. Report on the WHOPES Working Group Meeting. Review of Olyset Bifanthrin 10% WP.<br \/>\r\n[17] WHO (2012). Report of Core Vector Control. Geneva<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">R.B. Bob-Manuel &#8220;A Survey of Household Ownership and Utilization of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Net (LLITN) in Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.101-104 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/101-104.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/101-104.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/a-survey-of-household-ownership-and-utilization-of-long-lasting-insecticide-treated-net-llitn-in-bori-rivers-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Survey of Household Ownership and Utilization of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Net (LLITN) in Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235fbc3 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"235fbc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235fcb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235fcb9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-235fe34\" data-id=\"235fe34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-235ff4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"235ff4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-235ffea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"235ffea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23601a7\" data-id=\"23601a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23602c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23602c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2360369 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2360369\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236058f\" data-id=\"236058f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23606d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23606d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2360776 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2360776\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2360914\" data-id=\"2360914\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2360a1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2360a1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2360ab9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2360ab9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2360c01\" data-id=\"2360c01\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2360d0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2360d0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2360da6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2360da6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2361121\" data-id=\"2361121\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2361253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2361253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23612fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23612fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236146f\" data-id=\"236146f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2361586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2361586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Free Range <i>Gallus Gallusdomesticus<\/i> in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Buba, Z.M., Ahmed, U., Elihu, A., Johnson, J. &#8211; April 2020 Page No.: 105-109<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2361625 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2361625\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236179c\" data-id=\"236179c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23618d4 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23618d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3705\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3705\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3701\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3701\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Heavy metals are persistent in the environment and are subject to bioaccumulation in food chains. However, exposure does not result only from the presence of a harmful agent in the environment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cu) in some organs and tissue such as blood, bones muscle and liver of local chicken sold in Mubi. Heavy metals were determined by standard methods of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) for means separation. The concentration of the above heavy metals in the studies samples were found to be significant, they are generally above the tolerance limit set by WHO, CODEX and FAO. Therefore consumption of free range local breed of chickens in Mubi has the danger of ingestion of heavy metals.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 105-109\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3702\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3702\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Buba, Z.M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Zoology, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ahmed, U.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Zoology, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Elihu, A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Zoology, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Johnson, J.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Zoology, Adamawa State University Mubi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3703\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3703\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Adebayo, A.A., Onu, J.I., Adebayo, E.F. and Anyanwu, S.O. (2012). Farmer\u2019s Awareness, Vulnerability and Adoption to Climate Change in Adamawa State, Nigeria. British Journal of Arts and SocialScience,9(2): 106- 115.<br \/>\r\n[2] Akan, J. C., Abdulrahman, F. I., Sodipo, O. A., AChiroma, Y. A. (2010). Distribution of Heavy metal in the liver, Kidney andmeat of Beef, Mutton, caprine and hicken from KasuwanShanu Market in Maiduguri Metropolis Borno State, Nigeria.Res. J. of Applied sciences, Engineering and Technology,<br \/>\r\n[3] Akan,J.C., Mohmoud, S., Yikala, B.S. and Victor, O. O. (2012).Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Fish Samples from River Benue in Vinikilang, Adamawa State, Nigeria American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3: 727-736<br \/>\r\n[4] Alam,M. G. M., Tanaka, A., Allinson,G., Lauren- son, L. J. B., Stagnitti, F. and Snow, E. T. (2002). 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International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies5(4): 315-319<br \/>\r\n[13] El-sayed, E.M. (2008), Pathological and clinic-pathological studies on the protective effect of vitamin E against cadmium chloride toxicosis in male albino rat Egypt J. Capm. Path &amp; clinic path., 21(3):32-52.<br \/>\r\n[14] FAO\/WHO (2000).Report of the 32ndsession of the codexcommittee of the food additives contaminants. Beijing People \u2019s Republic of China, 20 &#8211; 24 March.<br \/>\r\n[15] Horst, P., (2012). Native forol as a reservoir for genomes and major genes with direct and indirect effs on the adaptability and their potential for tropically oriented breeding plans: A revient Anim. Res. Dev. 33: 63-79.<br \/>\r\n[16] Iwegbue, C.M.A., Nwajei, G.E. and Iyoha, E.N. (2008). Heavy metals residues of chicken meat and gizzard and turkey meat consumed in Southern Nigeria. Bulg. 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Effects of moderate pollution on toxic and trace metal levels in calves from a polluted area of northern Spain. Environment International, 31(4), 543-548.<br \/>\r\n[22] Nam, D.H., Anan, Y., Ikemoto, T., Okabe, Y., Kim, E.Y., Subramanian, A.,Saeki, K. and Tanabe, S., (2005). Specific accumulation of 20 trace elements in great cormorants (Phalacrocoraxcarbo) from Japan.Journal of Environmental Pollution 134:503-514.<br \/>\r\n[23] Oforka, N. C., Osuji, L. C., &amp;Onwuachu, U. I. (2012).Assessment of Heavy metal pollution in muscle and internalorgans of chickens raised in River State, Nigeria.Journal ofEmerging Treads in Engineering and Applied Science, 3(3) 406-411.<br \/>\r\n[24] Peakall, D. and Burger, J. (2003). Methodology for Assessing Exposure to metals:Speciation Bioavailability of metals and Ecological Host Factors, Ecotoxicological and Environmental Safety56(1): 110-121.<br \/>\r\n[25] Reis L.S.,Pardo, P.E.,Camargos, A.S. and Oba, E.(2010), Mineral Element and Heavy Metal poisoning in animal.Journal of Medicine and Medical Science 1(12): 560 \u2013 579.<br \/>\r\n[26] Rim (Resources Inventory and Management Ltd). 2010. Nigeria national livestock survey. Federal department of livestock and pest control services, Abuja, Nigeria, PP: 287.<br \/>\r\n[27] Samar, S.I Bakary, H.H, El Shawarby R.M, Abuo, S.M.E and Nabila M.A (2013). Some toxicological studies on effect of some water pollutant (heavy metals) in albino ratsbenha veterinary medical journal 27(1): 49-61<br \/>\r\n[28] Spierenburg, T. J., De-Graaf, G. J., andBraars, A. J. (1988).Cadmium, Zinc, Lead and Copper in livers and kidney of cattle in the neighborhood of Zinc refineries.Environ. Monit.Asses. 11, 107-114<br \/>\r\n[29] Zhuang P, Zouth, Shuw. (2009). Bio-transfer of heavy metals along soil plate insect chicken food chain: field study. Journal of entire sci.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3704\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3704\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Buba, Z.M., Ahmed, U., Elihu, A., Johnson, J. &#8220;Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Free Range <i>Gallus Gallusdomesticus<\/i> in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.105-109 April 2020\u00a0 URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/105-109.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" 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role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3706\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3706\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/determination-of-some-heavy-metals-in-free-range-gallus-gallusdomesticus-in-mubi-north-local-government-area-of-adamawa-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Free Range <i>Gallus Gallusdomesticus<\/i> in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2362691 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elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2362e84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2362fe4\" data-id=\"2362fe4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23630fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23630fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236319a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236319a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363311\" data-id=\"2363311\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2363429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23634c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23634c8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363608\" data-id=\"2363608\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2363717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23637b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23637b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363916\" data-id=\"2363916\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363a1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2363a1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Applying Business Start-Up Model \u2013The Case of the Youth Entrepreneurship in Tra Vinh, Vietnam<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Tran Loi, Le Nguyen Doan Khoi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 110-113<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2363abf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2363abf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2363c2b\" data-id=\"2363c2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2363d4a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2363d4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The aim of this paper is to apply the framework for youth entrepreneurship development in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. This paper explores entrepreneurship from the perspective of youth intention for start-up business. Our findings show that youth entrepreneurship in Vietnam has gained more attention by the government in recent years, and youth entrepreneurship is considered as a way of enhancing economic development. The research results showed the entrepreneurial passion, business willingness, business experiences, business mental, business institution environment, entrepreneurial motivations, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial behavior, Entrepreneurial barriers are affected to the youth entrepreneurship intention in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 110-113\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 23 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Tran Loi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPh.D. Student, Dean of Economics-Tourist faculty, Tra Vinh vocational College, Vietnam, Vietnam<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Le Nguyen Doan Khoi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Scientific Research Affairs, Can Tho University, Vietnam<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Aldrich, H. (2000), \u201cEntrepreneurial Strategies in New Organizational Populations\u201d, in Swedberg, R. (ed.), Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View, Oxford: University Press, 211-228 (reprinted from Bull, I., Thomas, H. &amp; Willard, G. (eds.) 1995, Entrepreneurship: Perspectives on Theory Building Pergamon).<br \/>\r\n[2] Busenitz, L.W., West, I., G. Page, Shepherd, D., Nelson, T., Chandler, G.N. and Zacharakis, A. (2003), \u201cEntrepreneurship Research in Emergence: Past Trends and Future Directions\u201d, Journal of Management Vol. 29, No. 33, pp. 285-308.<br \/>\r\n[3] Davidsson, P. (2003), \u201cThe Domain of Entrepreneurship Research: some Suggestions\u201d, in Katz, J. and Shepherd, D. (eds.), Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, Oxford, UK: Elsevier\/JAI Press, Vol. 6, pp. 315\u2013372.<br \/>\r\n[4] Eckhardt, J.T. and Shane, S.A. (2003), \u201cOpportunities and Entrepreneurship\u201d, Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 333\u2013349.<br \/>\r\n[5] Fletcher, D. (2003), \u201cFraming organizational emergence: discourse, identity and relationship\u201d, in Steyaert, C. and Hjorth, D. (eds.), New Movements in Entrepreneurship, Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 125-142.<br \/>\r\n[6] Fuller, T., L. Warren and P. Argyle (2007). &#8220;Sustaining entrepreneurial business; a complexity perspective on processes that produce emergent practice.&#8221; International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 4.<br \/>\r\n[7] Fuller, T. and Warren, L. (2006), \u201cEntrepreneurship as foresight: A complex social network perspective on organisational foresight\u201d, Futures, Journal of Policy, Planning and Futures Studies, Vol. 38, No. 7,pp. 956 &#8211; 971.<br \/>\r\n[8] Gartner, W.B. (1995), \u201cAspects of Organizational Emergence\u201d, in Bull, J., Thomas, H., Willard G. (Eds.), Entrepreneurship. Perspectives on Theory Building, Oxford et al., pp. 67-86.<br \/>\r\n[9] Phan, P. (2004), \u201cIntroduction: Entrepreneurship theory: possibilities and future directions\u201d, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, pp. 617-620.<br \/>\r\n[10] Research\u201d, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, No.1, pp. 217-226.<br \/>\r\n[11] Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M.H. and Floyd, S.W. (2003), \u201cInter-Firm Networks and Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Structural Embeddedness Perspective\u201d, Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 427-442.<br \/>\r\n[12] Yin, R.K., (1984). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Tran Loi, Le Nguyen Doan Khoi &#8220;Applying Business Start-Up Model \u2013The Case of the Youth Entrepreneurship in Tra Vinh, Vietnam&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.110-113 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/110-113.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/110-113.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/applying-business-start-up-model-the-case-of-the-youth-entrepreneurship-in-tra-vinh-vietnam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Applying Business Start-Up Model \u2013The Case of the Youth Entrepreneurship in Tra Vinh, Vietnam<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2364b2e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2364b2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2364c0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2364c0d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2364d82\" data-id=\"2364d82\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2364ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2364ea4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2364f43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2364f43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23650da\" data-id=\"23650da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23651f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23651f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Family Roles and Work Performance of Career Women of Deposit Money Banks in Sokoto Metropolis<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr. Asmau\u2019u Bello Abubakar, Dr. Mustapha Namakka Tukur &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 114-120<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23652a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23652a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236543c\" data-id=\"236543c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23655ad elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23655ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study examines family roles and work performance of fifty-four (54) married women in five (5) selected deposit money banks (DMB\u2019s) in Sokoto metropolis. The study is a cross-sectional survey that employs the descriptive survey method. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through the conduct of interviews and administration of questionnaire respectively. Hypotheses were tested and logistic regression was used to analyze the multivariate relationship between the independent variable (family roles) and the dependent variable (Work performance). The results revealed that factors such as caring for the husband, house chores and caring for the child has a negative impact on the performance of married women working in DMB\u2019s. In addition, strategies adopted by married women working in DMB\u2019s to cope with job and family roles conflict are inadequate and this has negatively affect their performance. Therefore, the study suggests that this category of employees in DMB\u2019s should in addition to their strategies, at the point of entrance, banks should inform their female employees the availability of those policies that will enable them cope with the Job and family role conflicts as provided by their respective banks.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 114-120\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 24 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Asmau\u2019u Bello Abubakar <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Mustapha Namakka Tukur <\/strong><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1] Abid, A., Jabbar, A., Sarwar, A., Akhtar, N. &amp; Iqbal, J. (2013). Problems Faced by Working Women in Banking Sector of Bahawalpur. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 5(1).<br \/>\r\n[2] Adenugba, A. &amp; Ilupeju, C. (2012): Working Conditions of Female Marketers in Selected New Generation Banks in Ibadan, Nigeria. JORIND 10, ISSN 1596 \u2013 8308.<br \/>\r\n[3] Afande, F. (2015). Factors Affecting Career Development of Women Employees in the Banking Industry in Kenya. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(5).<br \/>\r\n[4] Ahmad, A. (2008). Direct and Indirect Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Job Performance. The Journal of International Management Studies, 3(2).<br \/>\r\n[5] Ajayi, M. (2013). Work-Family Balance among Women in Selected Banks in Lagos State. Ph. D. Thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[6] Akingunola, R. &amp; Adigun, A. (2010). Occupational Stress and the Nigerian Banking Industry. Journal of Economics and Engineering, 2(2), 43-61<br \/>\r\n[7] Ashfaq, S., Mahmood, Z. and Ahmad, M. (2013).Impact of Work \u2013 Life Conflict and Work Overload on Employee Performance in Banking Sector of Pakistan. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(5), 688 \u2013 695.<br \/>\r\n[8] Ashok K. &amp; Sundar, K. (2012). Problems faced by Working Women Executives Working in Public Sector Banks in Puducherry. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 1(7).<br \/>\r\n[9] Chuma, M. &amp; Ncube, F. (2010). Operating in Men\u2019s Shoes\u2019: Challenges Faced by Female Managers in the Banking Sector of Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. 12(7).<br \/>\r\n[10] De Sousa, A. (2013). Family-Work Conflict, Job Satisfaction and Burnout of Working Women with Children. Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Economic And Management Sciences, University of Pretoria.<br \/>\r\n[11] Gyateng, E. O. (2012). Challenges and Coping Mechanism of Working Women in the Banking Industry in Ghana: A Study of the Perception of Women at the National Investment Bank Limited. Thesis submitted to the Department of Business Administration, Kwame Nkruma University of Sciences and Technology.<br \/>\r\n[12] Margaret, L. A. (1983). Thinking About Women. New York Macmillan Publishing House.<br \/>\r\n[13] Muhammad, N. S., Khalid, L., Nadeem, S. &amp; Muhammad A. A. (2011). Work Stress and Employee Performance in Banking Sector Evidence from District Faisalbad, Pakistan. Asia Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(7), 38 \u2013 47.<br \/>\r\n[14] Mordi, C., &amp; Ojo, S. (2011). Work-Life Practices in the Banking Sector: Insights from Nigeria. Ife Psychologia, 19(2), 285- 295.<br \/>\r\n[15] Neetu I. (2008). Challenges Faced by Working Women in India. Retrieved from www.womensforum.in<br \/>\r\n[16] Neha, C. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship: Banking Industry. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services &amp; Management Research, 2(3).<br \/>\r\n[17] Ogbobu O. O. (2013). Work-Family Role Conflict among Academic Women in Nigerian Public Universities. The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, Orlando, USA.<br \/>\r\n[18] Orogbu, O. L, Uzochukwu, O. C. and Chukwuemeka, C. D. (2015). Work Life Balance and Employee Performance in Selected Commercial Banks in Lagos State. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Management Sciences, 3(4).<br \/>\r\n[19] Pedersen, D., Minnotte, K., Kiger, G., &amp; Mannon, S. (2009). Workplace Policy and Environment, Family Role Quality, and Positive Family-to-Work Spillover. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 30, 80-89.<br \/>\r\n[20] Rafia, F. (2015). Work-Family Conflict: A Case Study of Women In Pakistani Banks. Dissertation submitted to University of Hertfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.<br \/>\r\n[21] Rakhshanda, M., Bushra, C., Qamar, Z. &amp; Asghar, C. (2005). Problems of Employed Women in Faisalabad \u2013 Pakistan. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences, 1(3).<br \/>\r\n[22] Saunders, M., Thornhill, A., &amp; Lewis, P. (2009). Research Methods for Business. Students 5th Edition.<br \/>\r\n[23] Skinner N. and Pocock B. (2008). Work-life conflict: Is work time or work load important? Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 46(3).<br \/>\r\n[24] Ten, B. (2014). Work\/Life (Im)balance. Research Briefing \u2013 HRMA 2014<br \/>\r\n[25] Warokka, A. &amp; Febrilia, I. (2015). Work-Family Conflict and Job Performance: Lesson from a Southeast Asian Emerging Market. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2015(2015), Article ID 420802<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Asmau\u2019u Bello Abubakar, Dr. Mustapha Namakka Tukur &#8220;Family Roles and Work Performance of Career Women of Deposit Money Banks in Sokoto Metropolis&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.114-120 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/114-120.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/114-120.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/family-roles-and-work-performance-of-career-women-of-deposit-money-banks-in-sokoto-metropolis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Family Roles and Work Performance of Career Women of Deposit Money Banks in Sokoto Metropolis<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23665da elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23665da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23666ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23666ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236685c\" data-id=\"236685c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2366990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2366990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2366a35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2366a35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2366bb7\" data-id=\"2366bb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2366ccc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2366ccc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Experimental Study on Workability of Self-Compaction Concrete<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>V.Rajesh, V. Nikhila, K. Shiva Prasad, B. Naveen &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 121-129<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2366d8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2366d8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2366f1b\" data-id=\"2366f1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2367047 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2367047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A self-compaction concrete (SCC) is a special concrete developed to easily flow and pass through reinforcement and fill the formwork without any external force. And saves time, energy and cost of construction.In this study we have conducted test on workability of SCC and various components of concrete matrix such as cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and chemical admixtures and found appropriate results of our project. SCC is more efficient in flow ability and fills the formwork without any external forces and provides flexibility to design and cast a structure with different shapes.This project study contributes to the comparing and understanding of properties of nominal a self-compaction concrete with various mix proportions.We have conducted various workability tests like Flow table test, slump cone test, J-ring test, L-Box test, U-Box test, V-funnel test in our laboratory to determine the difference between the nominal and c self-compaction concrete.We have also conducted SEM analysis on cement and Nano silica particles used in the project.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 121-129\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V.Rajesh<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Civil engineering, JNTUH University\/ St Marin\u2019s Engineering College, Hyderabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>V. Nikhila<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nJNTU Students, Department of Civil engineering, JNTUH University\/St Marin\u2019s Engineering College, Hyderabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. Shiva Prasad<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nJNTU Students, Department of Civil engineering, JNTUH University\/St Marin\u2019s Engineering College, Hyderabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>B. Naveen<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nJNTU Students, Department of Civil engineering, JNTUH University\/St Marin\u2019s Engineering College, Hyderabad, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]. Divya Chopra, Rafat Siddique and kunal,(2015).\u201d Strength, permeability and microstructure of Self-compacting concrete containing rice husk\u201d, BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING 13072-80.<br \/>\r\n[2]. Hajime Okamura and Masahiro Ouchi (2003). \u201cSelf-Compacting Concrete\u201d,<br \/>\r\n[3]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 1.<br \/>\r\n[4]. IS: 1489 (Part-1),(1991). Indian standard specification for Portland PozzolanacementPart1Fly ash based Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.<br \/>\r\n[5]. IS: 383-1970,(1970). Specifications for Coarse and Fine aggregates from Natural sources for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.<br \/>\r\n[6]. IS:4031(Part-iv, v), (1988). Indian standard code of practice for Methods of tests for Properties of cement Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.<br \/>\r\n[7]. JagadishVengalaSudarsan, M.S., and Ranganath, R.V. (2003). \u201cExperimental study for obtaining self-compacting concrete\u201d, Indian Concrete Journal, August, pp. 1261- 1266.<br \/>\r\n[8]. Salim Barbhuiya, PengLoy Chow and ShazimMemon, (2015).\u201dMicrostructure, hydration and nanomechanical properties of concrete containing metakaolin\u201d, Construction and Building Materials 95 (2015)696\u2013702<br \/>\r\n[9]. Malkit Singh and Rafat Siddique,(2014). \u201cStrength properties and micro-structural properties of concrete containing coal bottom ash as partial replacement of fine aggregate\u201d Construction and Building Materials 50 (2014)246\u2013256.<br \/>\r\n[10]. Yogesh Aggarwal and Rafat Siddique, (2014). \u201cMicrostructure and properties of concrete using bottom ash and waste foundry sand as partial replacement of fine aggregates\u201d Construction and Building Materials 54 (2014)210\u2013223.<br \/>\r\n[11]. Vitoldas Vaitkevicius, Evaldas\u0160erelis and Harald Hilbig,(2004). \u201d The effect of glass powder on the microstructure of ultra high performance concrete\u201d, Construction and Building Materials 68 (2014)102\u2013109.<br \/>\r\n[12]. Mahmoud Khashaa Mohammed, Andrew Robert Dawson and Nicholas Howard Thom, (2013).\u201d Production, microstructure and hydration of sustainable Self-compacting concrete with different types of fillers\u201d, Construction and Building Materials 49 (2013)84\u201392.<br \/>\r\n[13]. R. Roychand, S. De Silva, D. Law, and S. Setunge\u201d, (2016). Micro and Nano Engineered High Volume Ultrafine Fly Ash Cement Composite with and without Additives\u201d International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, Vol.10, No.1, pp.113\u2013124, March2016.<br \/>\r\n[14]. JUMATE. Elena and MANEA Daniela Lucia, (2014). &#8220;APPLICATION OF X RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) METHOD TO THE PORTLAND CEMENT HYDRATION PROCESSES\u201d Journal of Applied Engineering Science volume 2(15), Issue1\/2012.<br \/>\r\n[15]. Ye Qing, ZhangZenan, Kong Deyu and Chen Rongshen,(2007). \u201cInfluence of nano-SiO2 addition on properties of hardened cement paste as compared with silica fume\u201d Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007)539\u2013545<br \/>\r\n[16]. Sidney Diamond, (2004). \u201cThe microstructure of cement paste and concrete\u2013\u2013a visual primer\u201d Cement &amp;Concrete Composites 26 (2004)919\u2013933.<br \/>\r\n[17]. Rafat Siddique, (2003). \u201cEffect of fine aggregate replacement with Class F fly ash on the mechanical properties of Concrete\u201d Cement and Concrete Research 33.<br \/>\r\n[18]. IS 383-1970, SPECIFICATION FOR COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES<br \/>\r\n[19]. IS 2386-1963 (Part 1 to 5), METHODS FOR TEST OF AGGREGATE FORCONCRETE<br \/>\r\n[20]. IS 10262 (2009). CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONING \u2013GUIDELINES.<br \/>\r\n[21]. Hui Li, Hui-gang Xiao, Jie Yuan and Jimping Ou, (2004).\u201d Microstructure of Cement motar with Nano-particles\u201d \u2019Composite Part B 35(2004)185-189.<br \/>\r\n[22]. P. Kumar Mehta and Paulo.J.M. Monteiro, (2004). \u201d ConcreteMicrostructure, Properties and Materials\u201d3rd Edition ,2006.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">V.Rajesh, V. Nikhila, K. Shiva Prasad, B. Naveen &#8220;Experimental Study on Workability of Self-Compaction Concrete&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.121-129 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/121-129.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/121-129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-internet-and-mobile-phone-usage-in-enhancing-fish-farming-in-makurdi-local-government-area-of-benue-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Experimental Study on Workability of Self-Compaction Concrete<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2367f48 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2367f48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368015 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368015\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23681a8\" data-id=\"23681a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23682db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23682db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368380 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368380\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236850a\" data-id=\"236850a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368638 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2368638\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Towards Effective Management of School Plant in Secondary Schools for Quality Assurance in Secondary Education in Sokoto State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Bashar Ibrahim, Isah Yahaya &amp; Abubakar Sahabi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 130-133<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23686dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23686dc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2368850\" data-id=\"2368850\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2368ae1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2368ae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The paper is to examine both public and private Schools in Sokoto State, as schools which are managed and control by Sokoto State Government in the provision of all required and mandatory resource and infrastructure for effective instruction and quality assurance. While private schools are also under the monitoring and full supervision of state government for effective teaching and learning process. Quality Assurance is the effort in which things are put in place in Accordance to the provision of law or the way they should be, school plant refers to everything that is within the school premises which includes buildings, Laboratories, libraries, football, pitch, swimming pools equipment and all essential structures that are permanent and non-permanent, the effective leadership is required in managing school plant, monitoring maintenance culture, e.t.c. It happen that, there are series number of issues concerning school plants management and maintenance which include poor delegation of task by the school Heads or laxity in performing duties, poor utilization of school properties. The paper also come up with the ways of utilizing school plant for effective Quality Assurance they includes the involvement of (S.B.M.C) community Stake Holders staffs and students full supervision and inspections by the Authority concerned, school Head should remained all the school plants for the school use not for commercial purposes. The paper concludes by identifying an issues related to effective managing of school plant which has to be taken into cognition for sound teaching and learning process. Recommendation where offer such as, modernizing and upgrading the school plant whenever the number grow, an effective control for the use of school plant Should put on place. Educational managers should not be Reluctant; they should act wisely for the use of school plant. Resource persons should all the time in updating their knowledge for the uses of present and future upcoming school plants<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 130-133\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bashar Ibrahim <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Isah Yahaya <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abubakar Sahabi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Adult and Non-Formal Education, Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Achuonye K.A (2001)Trends in Nigerian Education innovations port Harcourt Publisher. Nigerian secondary education state university.com \/1104\/www\/http retrieves 7:19pm 10\/5\/2019.<br \/>\r\n[2] Adams, B (2011). Human resource as the wealth of nations. New York: the Free press.<br \/>\r\n[3] Adesina s. &amp; Ogunsaju( 2003)secondary education in Nigeria :ile ife university Press.<br \/>\r\n[4] Badru Musiss (2014) Introduction to educational policy and planning in Educational management and administration lecture note p: 22-30<br \/>\r\n[5] European Union (E.U, 2018) second edition Quality assurance for school. Output of the ET 2020 working Group 2016-18<br \/>\r\n[6] Gardener. C (2004) the role of top management team in formulating and Implementing turn around strategies a review and research international Journal of administration p :6-8<br \/>\r\n[7] Hillary wordu and wehiuzo nleremchi (2018). School plant management for Effective instructional delivery in public senior secondary school in Port Harcourt metropolis: international journal of education and Evaluation retrieved www.iiardpub.org.<br \/>\r\n[8] Hopkin S.D (2003) Networks of innovation towards new models for managing School system. Benin city: jodah publication<br \/>\r\n[9] Kenezevich, S.J (1975) Administration of public Education. New York: herfer And row publisher.<br \/>\r\n[10] Ogun sanju N.A (1980)some aspect of school management Ibadan: university Press.<br \/>\r\n[11] Oday J. (2002) Complexity, accountability and school improvement Harvard educational review Sept, 2002, vol 72.no 3,pp 293,392.<br \/>\r\n[12] Ogundu, I .( 2001 )The influence of unsafe work shop on effective work shop Operation in technical colleges in river state. International journal of Educational development, 1 \u2013 5<br \/>\r\n[13] Ojelede, P.K (1998) maintenance school plant for Educational effectiveness and Efficiently in depress Economy, Lagos McMillan.<br \/>\r\n[14] Olu chukwu E.E (1998) School plant planning and implementation Onitsha Lince publishers.<br \/>\r\n[15] Olubube N.P (2013) Educational Management and planning and supervision: Model for Effective implementation owerri: spring field publishers<br \/>\r\n[16] Olubube, N.P (2009) understanding Teachers professional Competencies for Educational effectiveness owem spring publishers.<br \/>\r\n[17] Olujide A. (2001)Educational administration Onitsha :lince publishers.<br \/>\r\n[18] Ogbonnaya, (2013) fundamental in educational administration and planning. Nsukka:chukka educational publishers<br \/>\r\n[19] Olutola A.D (1981) School plant planning and maintenance introduction To educational Planning a book of selected Reading. IleIfe University press.<br \/>\r\n[20] Serfent (2010)why flexibility and adaptive leadership is essential: university at Albania uk.publishers.<br \/>\r\n[21] Unesco, 2016 united nations education, scientific and cultural organization institute of statistics retrieve www, indexmundi.com 5\/10\/2019\/12:21am<br \/>\r\n[22] Xaba, M.T. (2012) A qualitative analysis of facilities maintenance a School Governance function in South Africa, South Africa journal of education 32 (2) 215- 22<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Bashar Ibrahim, Isah Yahaya &amp; Abubakar Sahabi &#8220;Towards Effective Management of School Plant in Secondary Schools for Quality Assurance in Secondary Education in Sokoto State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.130-133 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/130-133.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/130-133.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/towards-effective-management-of-school-plant-in-secondary-schools-for-quality-assurance-in-secondary-education-in-sokoto-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Towards Effective Management of School Plant in Secondary Schools for Quality Assurance in Secondary Education in Sokoto State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236991c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"236991c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23699f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23699f5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2369b71\" data-id=\"2369b71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2369cbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2369cbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2369d6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2369d6a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2369fd7\" data-id=\"2369fd7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236a112 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236a112\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Bacterial Isolates Profile in Septicaemia Suspected Patients Attending FMC. Yenagoa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Abdulrasheed B. Abdu, John Egbagba and Toloulope Alade &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 134-143<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236a1c0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236a1c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236a3ac\" data-id=\"236a3ac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236a540 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236a540\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background: Infection of the blood stream by bacteria represents a considerable public health problem and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. The aim of this study was to appraise the prevalence of bacterial isolates from septicaemia suspected patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern amongst patients attending the Federal Medical Centre {FMC), Yenagoa.<br \/>\r\nMethods: Three hundred and thirty-five (335) blood samples were collected, cultured and processed following standard microbiological techniques as part of the routine clinical management of the patient with suspected septicaemia in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on pure culture isolates employing disc-diffusion method for the commonly used antibiotics. The obtained data were analysed by using SPSS version 20 and the results were presented in tabular and graphical forms.<br \/>\r\nResults: Out of 335 blood cultured, 138(41.19%) were culture positive. 122(88.41%) were aerobic bacterial while 16(11.59%) were anaerobes. Of the aerobes, the gram negative and gram-positive bacteria constituted 67(54.90%) and 55(45.10%) of the culture isolates; respectively. The predominant aerobic bacteria isolated from the cultured blood were Coagulase negative staphylococci27(22.00%), followed by S. aureus 17(14.20%) and Klebsiellapneumoniae16 (13.05%), Serretia marcescens 15(12.35%) Acinetobacter spp 13(10.75%), E.coliand Enterococcus spp., 9 (7.19%) each, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi 7 (5.76%) each, and Bacillus subtilis 2(1.57%). Among the anaerobes, the most frequently isolated were Bacteroides fragilis 8(50.00%), Clostridiumperfringens4(25.00%), Peptostreptococcus spp. 2(12.50%), and Fusobacterium spp. 2(12.50%). All the isolates showed high rates of resistance to most antibiotics tested.<br \/>\r\nConclusions: In the current study most of the pathogens isolated from blood culture presented high rate of resistance to most commonly antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections thus limiting therapeutic options. Therefore, routine bacteriological profile examination along with their antibiotic resistance patterns must be an essential component in the management of sepsis. A knowledge of these patterns is essential when local polices on the use of antibiotics are being formulated.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 134-143\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 25 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abdulrasheed B. Abdu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa-State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>John Egbagba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa-State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Toloulope Alade<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa-State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Negussie A, Mulugeta G, Bedru A, Ali I, Shimeles D, Lema T, Aseffa A. 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Evaluation of VITEK MS, Clin-ToF-II MS, Autof MS 1000 and VITEK 2 ANC card for identification of Bacteroides fragilis group isolates and antimicrobial susceptibilities of these isolates in a Chinese university hospital. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019;52(3):456-464. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.12.009<br \/>\r\n[61] Keukeleire SD, Wybo I, Naessens A, Echahidi F, Beken MVD, Vandoorslaer K, et al. Anaerobic bacteraemia: a 10-year retrospective epidemiological survey. Anaerobe 2016;39:54e9.<br \/>\r\n[62] Vena A, Mun\u02dcoz P, Alcala\u00b4 L, Fernandez-Cruz A, Sanchez C, Valerio M, et al. Are incidence and epidemiology of anaerobic bacteraemia really changing? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;34:1621e9.<br \/>\r\n[63] Blairon L, Gheldre YD, Delaere B, Sonet A, Bosly A, Glupczynski Y. A 62-month retrospective epidemiological survey of anaerobic bacteraemia in a university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:527e32<br \/>\r\n[64] Zamora-Castorena S, Murguia-de-Sierra MT. Five-year experience with neonatal sepsis in a pediatric center, Rev Invest Clin. 1998;50:463\u2013470.<br \/>\r\n[65] Chow AW, Leake RD, Yamauchi T, Anthony BF, Guze LB. The significance of anaerobes in neonatal bacteraemia: analysis of 23 cases and review of the literature, Pediatrics. 1974; 54:736\u2013745.<br \/>\r\n[66] Mitchell DH, Howden BP. Diagnosis and management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Intern Med J 2005;35(Suppl 2):S17\u201324<br \/>\r\n[67] Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, Rybak MJ. Outcomes analysisof delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:1418\u201323.<br \/>\r\n[68] Khatib R, Saeed S, Sharma M, Riederer K, Fakih MG, Johnson LB. Impact of initial antibiotic choice and delayed appropriate treatmenton the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;25:181\u20135<br \/>\r\n[69] Stryjewski ME, Szczech LA, Benjamin DK Jr, et al. Use of vancomycin or \ufb01rst-generation cephalosporins for the treatment of hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:190\u20136.<br \/>\r\n[70] Fowler VG Jr, Sanders LL, Sexton DJ, et al. Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia according to compliance with recommendations of infectious diseases specialists: experience with 244 patients. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:478\u201386.<br \/>\r\n[71] Uzodimma CC, Njokanma F, Ojo O, Falase M, Ojo, T. Bacterial isolates from blood cultures of children with suspected sepsis in an urban Hospital in Lagos: A Prospective Study Using BACTEC Blood Culture System. Internet J Pediatr Neonatol. 2013;16(1): 1-8.<br \/>\r\n[72] Hamid MH, Zafar A, Maqbool S. Nosocomial bloodstream infection in a tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit. J Coll Physician Surg Pak.2007; 17: 416-419<br \/>\r\n[73] Mustafa M, Ahmed, SL. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in neonatal septicaemia in view of emerging drug resistance. J Med Allied Sci. 2014;4: 2-8.<br \/>\r\n[74] Kumar N, Paul R, Pal K. Microbial Profile of Blood Stream Infections and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates among Paediatric Patients admitted in a Teaching Hospital of West Bengal. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 2020; 9(2): 2895-2905. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.902.329<br \/>\r\n[75] Bindu D, Chitralekha S, Menezes GA, Illamani V. Bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of blood culture Isolates from pediatric age group attending a tertiary care centre. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci.2013;4:299-303<br \/>\r\n[76] Mohammad A. Bacteraemia among Jordanian children at Princess Rahmah Hospital: Pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Iran J Microbiol. 2010;2(1):23\u201327.<br \/>\r\n[77] Duff P, Engelsgjerd B. Typhoid fever on an obstetricsgynecology service. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;145: 113-114<br \/>\r\n[78] Ayliffe GA, Geddes AM, Pearson JE, Williams TC. Spread of Salmonella typhi in a maternity hospital. J Hyg 1979;82:353-359.<br \/>\r\n[79] Brook I, Controni G, Rodriguez WJ, Martin WJ, Anaerobic bacteraemia in children, Am J Dis Child. 1980; 134:1052\u20131056.<br \/>\r\n[80] Pence AM. Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinically Important Anaerobes. Clin. Microbiol. Newsl. 2019;41(1): 1-7.<br \/>\r\n[81] Hecht DW. Anaerobes: antibiotic resistance, clinical significance, and the role of susceptibility testing. Anaerobe. 2006;12(3):115-21. DOI: 10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2005.10.00<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abdulrasheed B. Abdu, John Egbagba and Toloulope Alade &#8220;Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Bacterial Isolates Profile in Septicaemia Suspected Patients Attending FMC. Yenagoa&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.134-143 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/134-143.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/134-143.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern-and-bacterial-isolates-profile-in-septicaemia-suspected-patients-attending-fmc-yenagoa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Bacterial Isolates Profile in Septicaemia Suspected Patients Attending FMC. Yenagoa<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236bf72 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"236bf72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c055 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c055\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236c1de\" data-id=\"236c1de\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c2f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236c2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c3a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c3a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236c534\" data-id=\"236c534\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c678 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236c678\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Relationship between School Climate and Parents\u2019 Involvement in Early Years Education: A Case of Military Sponsored Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Joseph Ragero Mariba, Nyakwara Begi (PhD) &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 144-151<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236c722 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236c722\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236c8c6\" data-id=\"236c8c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236c9fe elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236c9fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Parental role in children\u2019s learning is very important. The contribution of parents depends on how they perceive their roles in children\u2019s\u2019 education and the climate in schools. The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which parents were involved in their children\u2019s education in military sponsored preprimary schools in Nairobi County. The study also sought to find out the influence of school climate on parents\u2019 involvement in children\u2019s education. Ecological System and Social Exchange theories were used to guide the study. The dependent variable was parents\u2019 involvement in children\u2019s education, while the independent variables were school climate in pre-primary schools and strategies put in place to enhance the involvement. The study was conducted in military sponsored pre-primary schools in Nairobi City County. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select a sample for the study. Questionnaires for parents and interview schedules were used to collect data. Content validity was used to ensure validity of the instruments, while test-retest method was used to determine reliability of the instruments. The data was collected in two stages and analyzed using descriptive statistics and results presented using tables and text. The results from data analysis revealed that majority of the parents were sometimes involved in children\u2019s education. School climate was found not to be significantly related to parents\u2019 involvement in children\u2019s education and the most common strategies used by schools to encourage parents to be involved in their children\u2019s education were: Building good relationships; requiring parents to attend school meetings; providing welcoming environment and asking parents to ensure that children do homework.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 144-151\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Joseph Ragero Mariba<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood Studies &amp; Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Nyakwara Begi (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Early Childhood Studies &amp; Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Al-Alwan, A. F. (2014). Modeling the relations among parental involvement, school engagement and academic performance of high school students. International Education Studies, 7(4), 47-56.<br \/>\r\n[2] Berkowitz, R., Astor, R. A., Pineda, D., DePedro, K. T., Weiss, E. L., &amp; Benbenishty, R. (2017). Parental involvement and perceptions of school climate in California. Urban Education, 0042085916685764.<br \/>\r\n[3] Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986) A Report on Longitudinal Evaluations of Preschool Programs, Vol. II: Is Early Intervention Effective? Washington, D.C.: Office of Child Development, DHEW, 1986. (ED 093 501).<br \/>\r\n[4] Burrell, L. M., Adams, G. A., Durand, D. B., &amp; Castro, C. A. (2006). The impact of military lifestyle demands on well-being, army, and family outcomes. Armed Forces &amp; Society, 33(1), 43-58.<br \/>\r\n[5] Catalano, H., and Catalano, C. (2014). The importance of the school-family relationship in the child\u2019s intellectual and social development. Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci. 128, 406\u2013414. doi: 10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.03.179.<br \/>\r\n[6] Chemagosi M., J (2012) \u201cInfluence of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of Pre- School Children\u201d Masters of Education Project Paper U.O.N. retrieved from: http:\/\/ect.uonbi.ac.ke\/node\/948.<br \/>\r\n[7] Duman, J., Aydin, H., &amp; Ozfidan, B. (2018). Parents\u2019 involvement in their children\u2019s education: The value of parental perceptions in public education. The Qualitative Report, 23(8), 1836-1860.<br \/>\r\n[8] Engel, C., Gallagher, L., &amp; Lyle, S. (2010). Military deployments and children&#8217;s academic achievement: Evidence from Department of Defense Education Activity Schools. Economics of Education Review, 29(1), 73-82.<br \/>\r\n[9] Freiberg, H. J. (2005). School climate: Measuring, improving and sustaining healthy learning environments. Routledge.<br \/>\r\n[10] Grusec, J., &amp; Hastings, P. (2015). Handbook of socialization: theory and research. New York: The Guilford Press.<br \/>\r\n[11] Jaiswal, S., K. (2017). Role of parental involvement and some strategies that promote parental involvement. Journal of International Academic Research For Multidisciplinary https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/324030112.<br \/>\r\n[12] Jeynes, W. H. (2016). A Meta-Analysis: the relationship between parental involvement and Latino student outcomes. Educ. Urban Soc. 49, 4\u201328. doi: 10.1177\/0013124516630596.<br \/>\r\n[13] Koech, P. K. (2014). Parents and teachers roles in preschool children\u2019s education in Kenya. How can it be defined?<br \/>\r\n[14] Kombo, M. (2015). Influence Of Parental Involvement In Education On performance Of Urban Refugee Pupils In public Primary Schoolsin Kamukunji District, Nairobi County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, Department of Educational Administration and Planning, University of Nairobi).<br \/>\r\n[15] Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques (2nd Revised Edition). New Age International Ltd. New Delhi: India.<br \/>\r\n[16] Mahuro, G. M., &amp; Hungi, N. (2016). Parental participation improves student academic achievement: A case of Iganga and Mayuge districts in Uganda. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1264170.<br \/>\r\n[17] Mare, L. (2014). \u201cThe Facts on Education: How does Parent Involvement in Education affect Children\u2019s Learning?\u201d retrieved from: www.cea.ace.ca.<br \/>\r\n[18] Martinez, A (2015) parental involvement and its effects on student academic achievement. A master\u2019s thesis, California state University, Stanislaus.<br \/>\r\n[19] Merino, T. L. (2002).Early childhood educators sense of efficiency and the organizational climate in which they work. The Claremont graduate University.<br \/>\r\n[20] Moi Forces Academy (2017) News Letter. http:\/\/www.moiforcesacademy.co.ke\/<br \/>\r\n[21] Muhammad, G. (2015). School climate and parent involvement: The perception of Iranian teachers. Global Journal of commerce and management perspective E r vol 4.<br \/>\r\n[22] Mwirichia V.M. (2012) \u201cInfluence of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of Preschool Children in Kangeta Division, Meru County, Kenya Masters\u2019 Thesis, U.O.N retrieved from: www.uonlibrary.uonbi.ac.ke Nairobi. Government Press.<br \/>\r\n[23] National Center for Learning and Citizenship. (2007). The school climate challenge: Narrowing the gap between school climate research and school climate policy, practice guidelines and teacher education policy. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.schoolclimate.org\/climate\/documents\/school-climate-challenge.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[24] National school climate council, (2007) retrieved on 3.4.2012 from http:\/\/www.school climate.org.<br \/>\r\n[25] National School Climate Council. (2014. National school climate standards benchmarks to promote effective teaching, learning and comprehensive school improvement. Retrieved from http;\/\/www.school climate.org\/climate\/documents\/school climate standard 5-csee.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[26] Ngusa, J., Begi, N., &amp; Ndani, M. (2018). Relationship Between School Learning Environment And Pupils \u2018performance In Mathematics In Nairobi County, Kenya. European Journal of Education Studies.<br \/>\r\n[27] Osei-Akoto, I., Chowa, G., &amp; Ansong, D. (2012). Parental involvement and academic performance in Ghana. Youth save Research Brief, CSD publication, (12-42).<br \/>\r\n[28] Raschick, M., &amp; Ingersoll, D. B. (2004). The costs and rewards of care giving among aging spouses and adult children. Family relations, 53(3), 317-325.<br \/>\r\n[29] Sabatelli, R. M., Shehan, C. L., Boss, P., Doherty, W., LaRossa, R., Schumm, W., &amp; Steinmetz, S. (1993). Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach.<br \/>\r\n[30] Sheldon S. (2002). Parents social networks and beliefs as predictors of parents involvement. The Elementary school journal, 102,301-316.<br \/>\r\n[31] Stewart, E. B. (2008). School structural characteristics, student effort, peer associations, and parental involvement the influence of school-and individual-level factors on academic achievement. Education and Urban Society, 40, 179-204.<br \/>\r\n[32] Tuyisenge, S. (2015) Determinants of parents\u2019 involvement in their preschool children\u2019s education in Gasabo district, Kigali city, Rwanda, unpublished Med thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya.<br \/>\r\n[33] Waanders, C., Mendez, J. L., &amp; Downer, J. T. (2007). Parent characteristics, economic stress and neighborhood context as predictors of parent involvement in preschool children&#8217;s education. Journal of School Psychology, 45(6), 619-636.<br \/>\r\n[34] Waiswa, E. F (2016) Relationship Between Parent-Teacher Communication And Parental Involvement in Pre-Primary School Children\u2019s Reading in Mumias East Sub-County, unpublished MEd Thesis, Kenyatta University, Kenya. school climate research and climate policy practice guideline and teacher educational policy.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Joseph Ragero Mariba, Nyakwara Begi (PhD) &#8220;Relationship between School Climate and Parents\u2019 Involvement in Early Years Education: A Case of Military Sponsored Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.144-151 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/144-151.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/144-151.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/relationship-between-school-climate-and-parents-involvement-in-early-years-education-a-case-of-military-sponsored-schools-in-nairobi-city-county-kenya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Relationship between School Climate and Parents\u2019 Involvement in Early Years Education: A Case of Military Sponsored Schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236d853 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"236d853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236d923 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236d923\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236da9c\" data-id=\"236da9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236dbc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236dbc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236dc75 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236dc75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236e11c\" data-id=\"236e11c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236e24a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236e24a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors; One Shot, Two Gains<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mohammed Asheeque. A.K, Dr. Shinu.C, Fathimath Thasreefa.P, Gopika.T. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 152-154<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236e2ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236e2ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236e4c6\" data-id=\"236e4c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236e617 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236e617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the newest category of antidiabetic drugs that inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in the proximal convoluted tubule and thus prevent reabsorption of glucose that leads to glycosuria. Apart from their hypoglycemic actions they also plays a major role in improving cardiac functions[1]. There is an extreme association between diabetes and the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Among people with diabetes cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death. Compared to those who are non-diabetic adults with the history of diabetic ones have high prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases[2]. In this context, SGLT2 inhibitors are vital for the reduction of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients. There are mainly four SGLT2 inhibitors available in the market which are dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ertugliflozin. The key mechanisms involving their cardioprotective actions are improving cardiac cell metabolism and ventricular loading conditions, inhibiting the exchange of Na+\/H+ in the myocardial cells, alteration in the production ofadipokines and cytokines, reducing the extend of cardiac cells necrosis and cardiac fibrosis[1]. Urogenital infections, decrease in glomerular filtration rate, reduction in uric acid levels, postural hypotension, dizziness, bladder and breast cancer are some of the postulated adverse effects associated with SGLT2 inhibitors[3].<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 152-154\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mohammed Asheeque. A.K <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Shinu.C <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Fathimath Thasreefa.P <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Gopika.T. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Al shifa College of Pharmacy, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Anastasios Tentolouris, PanayotisVlachakis, EvangeliaTzeravini, IoannaEleftheriadou and NikolaosTentolouris. SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of Their Antidiabeticand Cardioprotective Effects(International Journal of Environmental Researchand Public Health), August 2019,16, 2965.<br \/>\r\n[2] Thomas R. Einarson, Annabel Acs, Craig Ludwig and Ulrik H. Panton.Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007\u20132017 (Cardiovascular Diabetology), June 2018, 17:83, 1-19.<br \/>\r\n[3] Ashley M. Zurek, RaghunandanYendapallyand Elizabeth M. Urteaga. A Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Focus on Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabtes Spectrum), May 2017; 30(2):137-142.<br \/>\r\n[4] Diogo Santos-Ferreira, Pedro Gon\u00e7alves-Teixeira and Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho. SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure and Type-2 Diabetes: Hitting Two Birds with One Stone? (Cardiovascular prevention: Review article), December 2019:1-10.<br \/>\r\n[5] Laween Uthman1, Antonius Baartscheer, Cees A. Schumacher, Jan W. T. Fiolet,Marius C. Kuschma, Markus W. Hollmann, Ruben Coronel, Nina C. Weber1 and Coert J. Zuurbier. Direct Cardiac Actions of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors target Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Heart Failure in Diabetic patients (Frontiers in Physiology), November 2018, 9:1575:1-14.<br \/>\r\n[6] Juan Tamargo. Sodium\u2013glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Adverse Effects and Future Developments (European Cardiology Review), 2019;14(1):23-32.<br \/>\r\n[7] ElaminAbdelgadir, FauziaRashida, AlaaeldinBashier and Razan Ali.SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Protection: Lessons and Gaps in Understanding the Current Outcome Trials and Possible Benefits of Combining SGLT-2 Inhibitors With GLP-1 Agonists (Journal_of_Clinical Medicine Research), June 2018;10(8):615-625.<br \/>\r\n[8] SarayutLahnwong, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn and NiponChattipakorn.Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium\u2013glucose co\u2011transporter 2 inhibitors (Cardiovascular Diabetology), July 2018;101:1-17.<br \/>\r\n[9] Bart Staels, PhD. Cardiovascular Protection by Sodium GlucoseCotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Potential Mechanisms (The American Journal of Medicine), June 2017;6S(130):S30-39.<br \/>\r\n[10] Thomas A. Zelniker, MD, MSC and Eugene Braunwald, MD.Cardiac and Renal Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetes (Journal of the American college of Cardiology), October 2018;15(72):1845-1855.<br \/>\r\n[11] Jennifer R Donnan, Catherine A Grandy, Eugene Chibrikov, Carlo A Marra, Kris Aubrey-Bassler, Karissa Johnston, Michelle Swab, Jenna Hache,Daniel Curnew, Hai Nguyen, John-Michael Gamble. Comparative safety of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis (British Medical Journal), November 2018;1(9):1-15.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mohammed Asheeque. A.K, Dr. Shinu.C, Fathimath Thasreefa.P, Gopika.T. &#8220;Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors; One Shot, Two Gains&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.152-154 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/152-154.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/152-154.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2-inhibitors-one-shot-two-gains\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors; One Shot, Two Gains<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236f49b elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"236f49b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236f568 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236f568\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236f6e2\" data-id=\"236f6e2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236f804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236f804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236f8a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236f8a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236fa14\" data-id=\"236fa14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236fb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"236fb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Leached Heavy Metals Using Various Leaching Agents in Self-Produced Ceramics<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Iorfa, N.E., Hassan, U.F., Chindo, I.Y., Jauro, Aliyu, Hassan, H.F., Baba, Haruna and Ajiya, D.A. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 155-159<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-236fbc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"236fbc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-236fd40\" data-id=\"236fd40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236fe9c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"236fe9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study was aimed at evaluating the leaching ability of self-produced glazed ceramic food wares produced from locally available raw materials. The raw materials (rice husk, quartz and feldspar) were acquired from various locations within Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria, while silt stone was obtained from Numan River Basin, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Leaching tests on the self-produced ceramics were conducted using various leaching agents (4.00 % acetic acid, boiled water, orange juice, boiled lipton tea and 1.00 % lactic acid). The levels of heavy metals leached in the self-produced ceramics\/leaching agents were determined using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Model 210 VGP. The levels of nickel, chromium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and lead (\u00b5g\/cm3) determined in the various leaching agents respectively ranged from 0.01 in lactic acid to 0.15 in lipton tea; not detected in lipton tea to 0.14 in boiled water; 0.09 in acetic acid to 2.70 in lipton tea; 0.06 in lactic acid to 1.47 in lipton tea; not detected in acetic acid, boiled water, orange juice and lipton tea to 119.20 in lactic acid; 0.01 in acetic acid to 0.26 in lactic acid and 0.04 in orange juice to 1.03 in lipton tea. The concentrations of the heavy metals leached in the self-produced ceramics are mostly below their safe permissible limits. Ceramics of low levels of heavy metals leaching ability are therefore produced and hence safe for human utilization and consumption.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 155-159\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Iorfa, N.E. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hassan, U.F. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Chindo, I.Y. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jauro, Aliyu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hassan, H.F. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Baba, Haruna <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ajiya, D.A. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Eze, H. O. (2009). \u201cIntroduction to Ceramic Technology\u201d. Aku Graphic Press, Chobo Uniport., Nigeria, pp. 20 \u2013 30.<br \/>\r\n[2] Yet-Ming, C. and Karl, J. (1999). \u201cFundamental Research Needs in Ceramics\u201d. National Science Foundation, Artington, pp. 1 \u2013 54.<br \/>\r\n[3] Michael, W. B. (1997). \u201cFundamentals of Ceramics\u201d. The McGraw Hill Companies Inc., New York, pp. 1 \u2013 19.<br \/>\r\n[4] Carter, C. B. and Norton, M. G. (2007). \u201cCeramic Materials, Science and Engineering\u201d. Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin, Germany, pp. 20 \u2013 21.<br \/>\r\n[5] Hight, S. C. (2001). Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Ceramic Ware Leach Solutions by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spect-roscopy: Method Development and Inter-Laboratory Trial. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, 84: 861 \u2013 872.<br \/>\r\n[6] Demont, M., Boutakhrit, K., Fekete, V., Bolle, F. and Van Loco, J. (2012). Migration of 18 Trace Elements from Ceramic Food Contact Material: Influence of Pigment, pH, Nature of Acid and Temperature. Food Chemical Toxi-cology, 50: 734 \u2013 743.<br \/>\r\n[7] Omolaoye, J. A., Uzairu, A. and Gimba, C. E. (2010). Heavy Metals Assessment of Some Ceramic Products Imported into Nigeria from China. Archieves of Applied Science Research, 2: 120 \u2013 125.<br \/>\r\n[8] Hassan, U. F., Baba, H., Shibdawa, M. A., Mahmoud, A. A. and Ishaku, J. (2013). Assessment of Feed Quality Efficiency of Morin-ga oleifera Seeds. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 38 (2): 70 \u2013 73.<br \/>\r\n[9] Henden, E., Cataloglu, R. and Aksuner, N. (2011). Determination of Arsenic Leaching from Glazed and Non-Glazed Turkish Tradition-al Earthenware. Science of the Total Environment, 409: 2993 \u2013 2996.<br \/>\r\n[10] Prajusha, V. V. (2013). \u201cStudies of Leaching of Metals from Food Ceramics\u201d. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Chemistry, University of Waikato, New Zealand.<br \/>\r\n[11] American Society for Testing Materials (2006). Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces. C 398 \u2013 34.<br \/>\r\n[12] Valadez-Vega, C., Zuniga-Perez, C., Quintanar-Gomez, S., Morales-Gonzalez, J.A., Madrigal-Santillan, E., Villagomez-Ibarra, J. R. et al. (2011). Lead, Cadmium and Cobalt (Pb, Cd and Co) Leaching of Glass-Clay Containers by pH Effect of Food. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12: 2336 \u2013 2350.<br \/>\r\n[13] Ajimal, M., Khan, A., Nomani, A. A. and Ahmed, S. (1997). Heavy Metals Leaching from Glazed Sur-faces. Science Total Environment, 207: 49 \u2013 54.<br \/>\r\n[14] Mohammed, N., Chin, Y. M. and Pok, F. W. (1995). Leaching of Lead from Local Ceramic Table Ware. Food Chemistry, 54: 245 \u2013 249.<br \/>\r\n[15] Singh, A., Sharma, R. K., Agrawal, M. and Marshall, F. M. (2010). Risk Assessment by Heavy Metal Toxicity through Contaminated Vegetables from Waste Water Irri-gated Area of Varanasi, India. Tropical Ecology, 51 (2S): 375 \u2013 387.<br \/>\r\n[16] ATSDR (2005). Toxicological Profile for Nickel. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Reg-istry. G. A. Atlanta.<br \/>\r\n[17] Sheets, R. W. (1998). Release of Heavy Metals from European and Asian Porcelain Dinner Ware. Science of the Total Environmnt, 212: 107 \u2013 113.<br \/>\r\n[18] Aderemi, T. A., Adenuga, A. A., Oyekunle, J. A. O. and Ogunfowokan, A. O. (2017). High Level Leaching of Heavy Metals from Colourful Ceramic Fodd-wares: A potential Risk to Human. Environmental Science and Pollu-tion Research International, 24 (20): 17116 \u2013 17126.<br \/>\r\n[19] World Health Organization (2004). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Geneva. Retrieved on April, 2020 from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/publications\/gdwq3rev\/en\/.<br \/>\r\n[20] Adelekan, B. and Abegunde, K. (2011). Heavy Metals Contamina-tion of Soil and Ground Water at Automobile Mechanic Village in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6: 1045 \u2013 1058.<br \/>\r\n[21] Gukas, H. J. and Datiri, Y. C. (2001). \u201cThe Art of Pottery\u201d. C. C. Communications, Jos, Nigeria, pp. 3 \u2013 10.<br \/>\r\n[22] Calkins, M. (2009). \u201cMaterials for Sustainable Sites: A Complete Guide to the Evaluation\u201d. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp. 451.<br \/>\r\n[23] Bhagure, G. R. and Mirgane, S. R. (2011). Heavy Metal Contamina-tions in Groundwaters and Soils of Thane Region of Maharashtra, India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 173 (1 \u2013 4): 643 &#8211; 652.<br \/>\r\n[24] Mendy, A., Gasana, J. and Vieira, E. R. (2012). Urinary Heavy Metal: An Associated Medical Condition in the US Adult Population. Inter-national Journal of Environmental Health Research, 22 (2): 105 \u2013 108.<br \/>\r\n[25] FAO (2001). Cited in: Rilwan, M. Z., Adamu, H. M., Shibdawa, M. S. and Haladu, K. A. (2019). Deter-mination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals via Intake of Allium cepa from Wastewater used for Irrigation in Bauchi Suburb. Chem-istry Research Journal, 4 (2): 59 \u2013 64.<br \/>\r\n[26] WHO (2001). Cited in: Rilwan, M. Z., Adamu, H. M., Shibdawa, M. S. and Haladu, K. A. (2019). Determination and Risk Assessm-ent of Heavy Metals via Intake of Allium cepa from Wastewater used for Irrigation in Bauchi Suburb. Chemistry Research Journal, 4 (2): 59 \u2013 64.<br \/>\r\n[27] ATSDR (1994). Toxicological Profile for Zinc. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, 205-93-0606.<br \/>\r\n[28] Ralph, W. S. (1997). Extraction of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc from Overglaze Decorations of Ceramic Dinner Wares by Acidic and Basic Food Substances. The Science of the Total Environment, 197 (1-3): 167 \u2013 175.<br \/>\r\n[29] ATSDR (1999). Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. US Depart-ment of Health and Human Servi-ces, Public Health Service, 7440-47-3.<br \/>\r\n[30] Boadu, T. M. (2014). Heavy Metals Contaminations of Soil and Water at Agbogbloshie Scrap Market, Accra. Unpublished Pro-ject Report. Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkruwmah University of Science and Technology, pp. 1 \u2013 59.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Iorfa, N.E., Hassan, U.F., Chindo, I.Y., Jauro, Aliyu, Hassan, H.F., Baba, Haruna and Ajiya, D.A. &#8220;Evaluation of Leached Heavy Metals Using Various Leaching Agents in Self-Produced Ceramics&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.155-159 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/155-159.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/155-159.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-leached-heavy-metals-using-various-leaching-agents-in-self-produced-ceramics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of Leached Heavy Metals Using Various Leaching Agents in Self-Produced Ceramics<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2370ee2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2370ee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2370fb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2370fb5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237112e\" data-id=\"237112e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237125a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237125a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237135e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237135e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23714dd\" data-id=\"23714dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2371622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2371622\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>An Idea on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Waters in Two Streams of Savannah Agro-Pastoral Zone, North Region of Cameroon<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dzavi Jean, Kodji Ezechiel, Koji Ernest, Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle, Dionkas Ja\u00efrus, Foto Menbohan Samuel- April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 160-166<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23716d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23716d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2371863\" data-id=\"2371863\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23719b7 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23719b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The present study was conducted on two rivers in an area with high agro-pastoral activity. The objective of this study was to assess the physico-chemical quality of water subjected to pressure from agro-pastoral activities since 1990. The water samples were collected and analyzed according to standard protocols. For this purpose, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, suspended matter, color, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, manganese, nitrites, nitrates, ammonia and phosphates were analyzed. Luminosity, atmospheric humidity and air temperature were also measured to assess their influence on the physic-chemistry of the waters. The results show that the average values of color (325.86 \u00b1 524.69 Plt-Co) and of alkalinity (107.57 \u00b1 20.12 mg\/L) are very high; the water temperature (25.79 \u00b1 2.88 \u00b0C) is significantly and positively related to the air temperature (32.90 \u00b1 2.96 \u00b0C) on the one hand, and significantly and negatively related to the atmospheric humidity (34.43 \u00b1 13.49 %) at p \u2264 0.05. Based on the physicochemical quality of the water, the sampling stations were classified into three classes. Class I groups very good quality water (stations WP1, WP4, WP2 and WP3), class II groups medium quality water (stations WB1 and WB2) and class III represents the worst water (WB3).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 160-166\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dzavi Jean<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nHydrological Research Centre, Institute of Geological and Research Mining, P.O. Box 4110, Yaounde, Cameroon<br \/>\r\nLaboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kodji Ezechiel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Environmental Science, National Advanced School of Engineering, P.O. Box, 46 University of Maroua, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Koji Ernest<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O 24157; Box Douala, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of biological science, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. 814 Box Maroua, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dionkas Ja\u00efrus<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLaboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Foto Menbohan Samuel<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nLaboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] K. G. Chaudhari, \u00ab Studies of physicochemical parameters of water samples \u00bb, Der Chemica Sinica, vol. 4, no 6, 2013, Consult\u00e9 le: f\u00e9vr. 10, 2020. [En ligne]. Disponible sur: http:\/\/www.imedpub.com\/abstract\/studies-of-physicochemical-parameters-of-water-samples-12952.html.<br \/>\r\n[2] B. D. A. Yerima, S. I. Soumaila, et Y. Guero, \u00ab Physico-chemical and bacteriological characterization of the raw water of kongou pond (niamey-niger) \u00bb, International Journal of Development Research, vol. 9, no 12, p. 32165\u201132169, d\u00e9c. 2019.<br \/>\r\n[3] C. Laurence, Le co\u00fbt \u00e9conomique et social de la pollution de l\u2019eau, vol. Tome n\u00b02. Office International de l\u2019Eau: direction de la documentation et des donn\u00e9es, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[4] S. Hladyz et al., \u00ab Stream Ecosystem Functioning in an Agricultural Landscape: The Importance of Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkages \u00bb, ADV. ECOL. RES., vol. 44, p. 211\u2011276, 2011, doi: 10.1016\/B978-0-12-374794-5.00004-3.<br \/>\r\n[5] The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, \u00ab Rey Bouba, Cameroon Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase) \u00bb, Weatherbase, 2019. http:\/\/www.weatherbase.com\/weather\/weatherall.php3?s=600434&amp;units= (consult\u00e9 le mars 12, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[6] Commune de Touboro, \u00ab Plan de communal de d\u00e9veloppement (PCD) de Touboro \u00bb. Commune de Touboro\/PNDP, juin 2014, Consult\u00e9 le: mars 03, 2020. [En ligne]. Disponible sur: https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=6&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjF5sf77P3nAhUFC2MBHXsbAhwQFjAFegQIAxAB&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pndp.org%2Fdocuments%2FPCD_TOUBORO.pdf&amp;usg=AOvVaw0cntje2mno_GCtP_aXGWXl.<br \/>\r\n[7] American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, et Water Environment Federation, Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23nd edition. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association 800 I Street, NW Washington, DC 20001-3710, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[8] J. Rodier, B. Legube, N. Merlet, et Collaborateurs, L\u2019analyse de l\u2019eau, 9e \u00e9d. Paris: Dunod, 2009.<br \/>\r\n[9] WHO, UNESCO, et UNEP, Water Quality Assessments &#8211; A Guide to Use of Biota, Sediments and Water in Environmental Monitoring, Second Edition. Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge: E&amp;FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman &amp; Hall, 1996.<br \/>\r\n[10] V. Adam, \u00ab Assessment of Water Quality with Physico-Chemical Parameters \u00bb, Zambrut, mai 01, 2019. https:\/\/zambrut.com\/water-parameters\/ (consult\u00e9 le mai 12, 2019).<br \/>\r\n[11] E. Koji et al., \u00ab Influence of Anthropogenic Pollution on the Abundance Dynamics of Some Freshwater Invertebrates in the Coastal Area of Cameroon \u00bb, Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 8, no 7, p. 810\u2011829, juin 2017, doi: 10.4236\/jep.2017.87051.<br \/>\r\n[12] S. Tchakonte, G. Ajeagah Aghaindum, D. Diomand\u00e9, A. I. Camara, M. Konan Koffi, et P. Ngassam, \u00ab Impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality and Freshwater Shrimps diversity and distribution in five rivers in Douala, Cameroon \u00bb, Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, vol. 4, no 2, p. 183\u2011194, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[13] G. Ajeagah Aghaindum, G. E. Yogback, S. F. Menbohan, S. Tchakont\u00e9, et C. Djieto-Lordon, \u00ab Facteurs environnementaux et r\u00e9partition spatiale des crustac\u00e9s dans un cours d\u2019eau peu anthropis\u00e9 \u00e0 Makak (R\u00e9gion du Centre Cameroun) \u00bb, Physio-G\u00e9o. G\u00e9ographie physique et environnement, vol. 11, p. 181\u2011196, janv. 2017, doi: 10.4000\/physio-geo.5487.<br \/>\r\n[14] E. B. Biram \u00e0 Ngon et al., \u00ab Water quality assessment in a less anthropogenic forest stream in the Centre Region of Cameroon \u00bb, Haya Saudi J Life Sci, vol. 5, no 1, p. 1\u20118, janv. 2020, doi: 10.36348\/sjls.2020.v05i01.001.<br \/>\r\n[15] E. B. Biram \u00e0 Ngon, S. Foto Menbohan, J. Ndjama, D.-L. Nyame Mbia, B. R. Mboye, et G. A. Ajeagah, \u00ab Ecological factors and Dictyoptera (Blaberidae) association &#8211; benthic macroinvertebrates, in some forest streams in the Centre region of Cameroon \u00bb, Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci., vol. 5, no 7, p. 235\u2011246, 2018, doi: 10.22192\/ijarbs.<br \/>\r\n[16] S. Foto Menbohan, S. H. Zebaze Togouet, N. L. Nyamsi Tchatcho, et T. Njin\u00e9, \u00ab Macroinvert\u00e9br\u00e9s du cours d\u2019eau Nga: Essai de Caract\u00e9risation d\u2019un R\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel par des Analyses Biologiques \u00bb, European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 43, no 1, p. 96\u2011106, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[17] J. C. Ngoay-Kossy, S. H. Zebaz\u00e9 Togouet, S. P. Wango, S. F. Bolevane Ouantinam, S. Tchakont\u00e9, et C. Piscart, \u00ab Bioindicators of running freshwaters in Central African Republic: benthic macroinvertebrates and anthropogenic stress in the Nguitto Stream \u00bb, Reevue d\u2019Ecologie (Terre et Vie), vol. 73, no 4, p. 603\u2011616, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[18] D. Madomguia, S. H. Z\u00e9baz\u00e9 Togouet, et A. Fomena, \u00ab Biological Assessment of the Mayo Kaliao River, an Ephemeral Stream in Sudano-Sahelian Zone (Far North, Cameroon) \u00bb, N Y Sci J, vol. 12, no 4, p. 79\u201187, 2019, doi: 10.7537\/marsnys120419.12.<br \/>\r\n[19] Nola M., Njine T., Monkiedje A., Sikati Foko V., et Djuikom E., \u00ab Qualit\u00e9 bact\u00e9riologique des eaux des sources et des puits de Yaound\u00e9. \u00bb, Cahiers Sant\u00e9, no 8, p. 330\u2011336, 1998.<br \/>\r\n[20] A. Ambelu, S. Mekonen, A. G\/Silassie, A. Malu, et K. Karunamoorthi, \u00ab Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Two Ethiopian Wetlands \u00bb, Wetlands, vol. 33, no 4, p. 691\u2011698, 2013, doi: DOI 10.1007\/s13157-013-0424-y.<br \/>\r\n[21] D. Enah Achuo et al., \u00ab Distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta): Bio-Indicators of Organic Pollution in the Bamenda River Basin, North West Region, Cameroon \u00bb, The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge, vol. 6, no 7, juill. 2018, Consult\u00e9 le: avr. 17, 2019. [En ligne]. Disponible sur: http:\/\/internationaljournalcorner.com\/index.php\/theijst\/article\/view\/131403.<br \/>\r\n[22] G. E. Yogback et al., \u00ab Biodiversity of Freshwater Shrimp of the Genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda Palaemonidae) in the Nyong Basin of Cameroon \u00bb, International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, vol. 3, p. 2067\u20112082, janv. 2018, doi: 10.22161\/ijeab\/3.6.15.<br \/>\r\n[23] Agence de l\u2019Eau, Grilles d\u2019\u00e9valuation version 2 du Syst\u00e8me d\u2019Evaluation de la Qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019Eau des Cours d\u2019eau (SEQ-EAU). France: Agence de l\u2019eau, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[24] V. Benech, J. Quensi\u00e8re, et G. Vidy, \u00ab Hydrologie et physico-chimie des eaux de la plaine d\u2019inondation du Nord-Cameroun \u00bb, Cahier ORSTOM, S\u00e9rie Hydrobiologie, vol. 19, no 1, p. 15\u201135, 1982.<br \/>\r\n[25] S. Foto Menbohan, J. Dzavi, C. Kenfack Nzongang, E. B. Biram \u00e0 Ngon, et R. Ntchantcho, \u00ab Impact of the anthropogenic activities on the diversity and structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in tropical forest stream \u00bb, IJPSAT, vol. 15, no 1, p. 280\u2011292, juill. 2019.<br \/>\r\n[26] B. Oram, \u00ab Water Research Center &#8211; Water Testing Manganese Iron Rusty Water Red Water Black Staining Drinking Water \u00bb, Water Research Center, 2020. https:\/\/water-research.net\/index.php\/manganese (consult\u00e9 le mars 02, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[27] B. K. Handa, \u00ab Chemistry of manganese in natural waters \u00bb, Chemical Geology, vol. 5, no 3, p. 161\u2011165, janv. 1970, doi: 10.1016\/0009-2541(70)90049-5.<br \/>\r\n[28] K. B. Krauskopf, \u00ab Separation of manganese from iron in sedimentary processes \u00bb, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 12, no 1\u20112, p. 61\u201184, janv. 1957, doi: 10.1016\/0016-7037(57)90018-2.<br \/>\r\n[29] J. MORGAN, \u00ab Chemical equilibria and kinetic properties of manganese in natural water \u00bb, Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry, p. 561\u2011623, 1967.<br \/>\r\n[30] M. Bouchard, \u00ab Exposition au mangan\u00e8se dans l\u2019eau potable et comportements hyperactifs chez des enfants d\u2019\u00e2ge scolaire \u00bb, INSPQ. https:\/\/www.inspq.qc.ca\/es\/node\/1070 (consult\u00e9 le mars 02, 2020).<br \/>\r\n[31] American Public Health Association, Standard method for examination of water and waste-water, 20th Edition. Washington, District of Columbia: American Public Health Association, 1998.<br \/>\r\n[32] US EPA, \u00ab Biological Assessments and Criteria: Crucial Components of Water Quality Programs \u00bb, USA, 2002, p. 6.<br \/>\r\n[33] G. Ajeagah Aghaindum, A. D. Enah, et F. M. Samuel, \u00ab A Study of the Morphological Structure of Chironomidae (Diptera) in a Tropical Urban Polluted Water System \u00bb, International Journal of Sciences, vol. 6, no 06, p. 1\u20119, juill. 2017, doi: 10.18483\/ijSci.1226.<br \/>\r\n[34] European Communities, European Communities Environmental Objectives (Surface Water) Regulations, vol. Prn. A9\/1014. Dublin: The Stationary Office, 2009.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dzavi Jean, Kodji Ezechiel, Koji Ernest, Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle, Dionkas Ja\u00efrus, Foto Menbohan Samuel &#8220;An Idea on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Waters in Two Streams of Savannah Agro-Pastoral Zone, North Region of Cameroon&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.160-166 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/160-166.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/160-166.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/an-idea-on-physico-chemical-parameters-of-waters-in-two-streams-of-savannah-agro-pastoral-zone-north-region-of-cameroon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>An Idea on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Waters in Two Streams of Savannah Agro-Pastoral Zone, North Region of Cameroon<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237322e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237322e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237330f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237330f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23734a7\" data-id=\"23734a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23735d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23735d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2373680 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2373680\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23737e7\" data-id=\"23737e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2373901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2373901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Management of Anemia in CKD: A Review<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Lubana K V, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Asha G, Fathimath Shahban &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 167-170<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23739a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23739a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2373b1d\" data-id=\"2373b1d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2373c4a elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2373c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Chronic Kidney Disease leads to progressive failure to the kidney. If untreated, a number of complications may arise such as anemia, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease. Renal anemia is highly prevalent in CKD patients (both in dialysis and nondialysis). Anemia can be managed by using either Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (ESA) or by IV iron therapy. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is widely used ESA to treat anemia. Hemoglobin (Hb) variation can be controlled by using these agents. The IV iron therapy is also considered a standard care in anemia management because it can reduce the exposure to ESA. Anemia contributes to increases morbidity, mortality and poor quality of life. Treating anemia mainly in dialysis patients with ESA reduces the risk of blood transfusion and increase the patient quality of life. This is because it can cause either hyporesponsivenes or erythropoietin resistance. Another recently discovered drug Roxadustat is a promising therapeutic approach against anemia in CKD. The hemoglobin response of roxadustat is independent of inflammatory microenvironment.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 167-170\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lubana K V <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Linu Mohan P<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asha G <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fathimath Shahban <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Kidney Diseases.2003; 41:1\u201312.<br \/>\r\n[2] KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. American Journal of Kidney Disease 2006;47: S11\u2013S145.<br \/>\r\n[3] Robert Thomas, Abbas Kanso and John R. Sedo. Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications. Primary Care. 2008 June;35(2):329.<br \/>\r\n[4] Zuo-Lin Li, Yan Tu, Bi-Cheng Liu. Treatment of Renal Anemia with Roxadustat: Advantages and Achievement. Kidney Disease. 2020; 6:65\u201373.<br \/>\r\n[5] Zenira E Elbasheer, Islam SA Ahmed, Ahmed Edriss, Khalifa Elmusharaf, Amin S Banaga. Failure of response to erythropoietin in end stage renal disease patients undergoing haemodialysis. Sudan Medical Journal. 2018;54(1).<br \/>\r\n[6] Marie Evans, Juan-Jesus Carrero, Rino Bellocco, Peter Barany, Abdul R. Qureshi, Astrid Seeberger. They conducted a study on \u201cInitiation of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and outcomes: a nationwide observational cohort study in anaemic chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.2017;32:1892\u20131901.<br \/>\r\n[7] Mufti Baleegh Ur Raheem Mahmood, Ahmad Zeb Khan, Irfan Mirza, Najamuddin, Syed Munib, Rahmat Ali Khan. Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Journal of Saidu Medical College.2019;9(1):122-126.<br \/>\r\n[8] Norma Ofsthun, John Labrecque, Eduardo Lacson, Marcia Keen and J. Michael Lazarus. The effects of higher hemoglobin levels on mortality and hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. Kidney International. 2003; 63:1908\u20131914.<br \/>\r\n[9] Jan Galle. Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator (C.E.R.A.) Treatment of Renal Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Two-Year Observational Study. Journal of Nephrology &amp; Therapeutics.2015;6(1).<br \/>\r\n[10] Iain C. Macdougall, Claire White, Stefan D. Anker, Sunil Bhandari, Kenneth Farrington, Philip A. Kalra. Intravenous Iron in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis. The New England Journal of Medicine.2019;5:380.<br \/>\r\n[11] Malyszko, J.; Mysliwiec, M. Hepcidin in anemia and in\ufb02ammation in chronic kidney disease. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. 2007, 30, 15\u201330.<br \/>\r\n[12] Kanbay M, Perazella MA, Kasapoglu B, et al. Erythropoiesis Stimulatory Agent-Resistant Anemia in Dialysis Patients: Review of Causes and Management. Blood Purification. 2010; 29: 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[13] Hideki Kato, Masaomi Nangaku, Hideki Hirakata, Takashi Wada, Terumasa Hayashi, Hiroshi Sato. Rationale and design of Observational Clinical Research in chronic kidney disease patients with renal anemia: renal prognosis in patients with Hyporesponsive anemia to Erythropoiesis stimulating agents, darbepoetin alfa (BRIGHTEN Trial). Clinical Experimental Nephrology.2018;22:78\u201384.<br \/>\r\n[14] Auerbach M, Macdougall I. The available intravenous iron formulations: History, efficacy, and toxicology. Hemodialysis International. 2017; 21S: 83-92.<br \/>\r\n[15] Akchurin OM, Kaskel F. Update on Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Blood Purification. 2015; 39: 84-92.<br \/>\r\n[16] Sasa Jacovic, Milena Jovanovic, Nedim Hamzagic, Radisa Pavlovic, Dejan Petrovic. Erythropoietin Resistance in Hemodialysis Patients. Acta facultatis medicae Naissensis. 2019; 36(1):05-14.<br \/>\r\n[17] Giannini S, Mazzaferro S, Minisola S, et al. Raising awareness on the therapeutic role of cholecalciferol in CKD: a multidisciplinary-based opinion. Endocrine 2018; 59: 242-59.<br \/>\r\n[18] Brancaccio D, Cozzolino M, Gallieni M. Hyperparathyroidism and Anemia in Uremic Subjects: A Combined Therapeutic Approach. Journal of American Society and Nephrology 2004; 15S: 21-4.<br \/>\r\n[19] Mousavi SSB, Shahbazian H, Tamadon MR. Association of secondary hyperparathyroidism with anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease; a review on current knowledge. Journal of Parathyroid Disease. 2016; 4: 48-53.<br \/>\r\n[20] Handelman GJ. Vitamin C deficiency in dialysis patients &#8211; are we perceiving the tip of an iceberg? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2007; 22: 328-31.<br \/>\r\n[21] Zhang KY, Zuo L. Vitamin C supplementation in patients on maintenance dialysis. World Journal of Clinical Urology. 2014; 3: 344-50.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lubana K V, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Asha G, Fathimath Shahban &#8220;Management of Anemia in CKD: A Review&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.167-170 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/167-170.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/167-170.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/management-of-anemia-in-ckd-a-review\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Management of Anemia in CKD: A Review<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2374aec elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2374aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2374bc0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2374bc0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2374d71\" data-id=\"2374d71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2374e92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2374e92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2374f32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2374f32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23750a9\" data-id=\"23750a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23751c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23751c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Resolving Cruces in neonatology<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Asha G, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Lubana K V, Fathimath Shahban- April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 171-175<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2375265 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2375265\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23753e9\" data-id=\"23753e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2375583 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2375583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease of the preterm neonate which is typically causing extensive physiologic changes and results in improper lower respiratory tract development. It is one of the most common adverse neonatal outcomes due to prematurity. It has been approximately 40 years of discovery of this chronic disease of the newborns that affects their overall quality of life even in adulthood. Yet, its remains an invincible challenge in the preterm neonatal care victimizing about 1\/4th of the preterm extremely low birth weight babies. This review aims at providing knowledge on the currently known definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, complications and various clinical interventions used for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 171-175\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 28 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Asha G <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Dr. Linu Mohan P <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssociate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Lubana K V <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Fathimath Shahban <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nStudent, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Malappuram, Kerala, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Hesham Abdel Hadey, Nehad Nasef, Abd Elazeez Shabaan, Islam Nour. Caffeine therapy in preterm infants. World J Clin Pediatr. 2015;4(4):81-93.<br \/>\r\n[2] Leif D. Nelin, Vineet Bhandar. How to decrease bronchopulmonary dysplasia in your neonatal intensive care unittoday and \u201ctomorrow\u201d. F1000Res. 2017;6:539.<br \/>\r\n[3] Eleni E. Shenk, Deborah S. Bondi, Matthew M. Pellerite, Sudhir Sriram. Evaluation of Timing and Dosing of Caffeine Citrate in Preterm Neonates for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther, 2018;23(2):139-143.<br \/>\r\n[4] Bikash Shrestha, Gaurav Jawa. Caffeine Citrate \u2013 Is it a silver bullet in neonatology?. Pediatrics and Neonatology, 2017;58:391-397.<br \/>\r\n[5] Vasantha H.S. Kumar. Caffeine, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomesin Premature Infants. Pediatr Neonatal Nurs Open J, 2017;5(1):29-36.<br \/>\r\n[6] Michele C. Walsh, Deanna Wilson-Costello, Arlene Zadell, Nancy Newman, Avroy Fanaroff. Safety, Reliability, and Validity of a Physiologic Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Journal of Perinatology, 2003;23:451-456.<br \/>\r\n[7] Alan H. Job. Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Perinatol, 2016;33:1076-1078.<br \/>\r\n[8] Nicola Principi, Giada Maria Di Pietro, Susanna Esposit., Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med, 2018;16:36.]<br \/>\r\n[9] Steven H. Abman, Eduardo Bancalari, Alan Jobe. The Evolution of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia after 50 Years. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2017;195(4):421-424.<br \/>\r\n[10] KS Beam, S Aliaga, SK Ahlfeld, M Cohen-Wolkowiez, PB Smith, MM Laugho., A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants. Journal of Perinatology, 2014;34:705-710.<br \/>\r\n[11] S M Aukland, K Rosendahl, C M Owens, K R Fosse, G E Eide, T Halvorsen. Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia predicts abnormal pulmonary HRCT scans in long-term survivors of extreme preterm birth. Thorax, 2009;64:405-410.<br \/>\r\n[12] P M Wong, A N Lees, J Louw, F Y Lee, N French, K Gain, et al.Emphysema in young adult survivors of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur Respir J, 2008;32:321-328.<br \/>\r\n[13] Fischer HS, Buhrer C. Avoiding endotracheal ventilation to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e1351-60.<br \/>\r\n[14] Curstedt T, Calkovska A, Johansson J. New generation synthetic surfactants. Neonatology. 2013;103:327-30.<br \/>\r\n[15] Taha D, Kirkby S, Nawab U, Dysart KC, Genen L, Greenspan JS, Aghai ZH. Early Caffeine Therapy for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27:1698-702.<br \/>\r\n[16] Shinwell ES, Portnov I, Meerpohl JJ, Karen T, Bassler D. Inhaled corticosteroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016;138.<br \/>\r\n[17] Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Roja-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;8:CD000501.<br \/>\r\n[18] Sokol GM, Konduri GG, Van Meurs KP. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy for pulmonary disorders of the term and preterm infant. Semin Perinatol.2016;40:356-69.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Asha G, Dr. Linu Mohan P, Lubana K V, Fathimath Shahban &#8220;Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Resolving Cruces in neonatology&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.171-175 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/171-175.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/171-175.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-the-resolving-cruces-in-neonatology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: The Resolving Cruces in neonatology<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23763cb elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23763cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237649a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237649a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237661a\" data-id=\"237661a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237673b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237673b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23767f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23767f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23769ae\" data-id=\"23769ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2376ad1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2376ad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Selected Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Drinks Sold in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong> Odangowei I. Ogidi, Okiemute Omu, Chiemeziem O. Njoku, Oghenetega Emumejakpor &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 176-179<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2376b7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2376b7e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2376d09\" data-id=\"2376d09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2376e32 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2376e32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toxic metals contamination is an important environmental problem that was mainly manifested in the growing industrial cities where the levels in toxic metals exceeded the recommended levels leading to the increase of several health problems varying from memory disorder to carcinogenic diseases. The study was aimed at evaluating heavy metal contamination from selected alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks sold in Nigeria. Ten (10) alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks were purchased in Yenagoa and standard wet digestion procedure was adopted in the sample preparation. Heavy metals were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique and the results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The result shows the contamination of heavy metals for non-alcoholic drinks were PBC&gt;PBCM &gt;PBO &gt;PCC &gt;PF while Alcoholic drinks were BH &gt; BL &gt; BE &gt; BS &gt; BB. When compared to WHO standards, the levels of Cd, Ni, Pb were above the permissible limits. These results suggest that both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks sold in Nigeria may be contaminated with heavy metals which constitute a major public health problem. Thus, quality control is recommended during the production process especially at the stages of sterilization and purification.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 176-179\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Odangowei I. Ogidi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Okiemute Omu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chiemeziem O. Njoku<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Oghenetega Emumejakpor<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Abdollatif, A.G., Ardalan, M., Mohammadi, M.T., Hosseini, H.M. &amp;Karimian, N.(2009).&#8221;Solubility Test in Some Phosphate Rocks and their Potential for Direct Application in Soil&#8221;.World App. Sci. J.,6(2):182-190.<br \/>\r\n[2] Khair, M.H.(2009). &#8220;Toxicity and accumulation of copper in Nannochloropsisoculata (Eustigmatophycea,Heterokonta). World App. Sci. J., 6(3): 378-384.<br \/>\r\n[3] Iwegbue, C.M.A.(2010). &#8220;Composition and daily intake of some trace metals from canned beer in Nigeria&#8221;. J. InstBrew. 116:312-315.<br \/>\r\n[4] Budinoval, T.K., Gergora, K.M., Metrov, H.V.&amp;Minka, V.N.(1994). &#8220;Removal of metal ions from aqueous solution by activated carbon obtained from different raw material&#8221;, J. of Chem. Tech. and Biotech, Co. 179-180.<br \/>\r\n[5] Kemasuode, T.,Okoye, B.C.O. &amp;Gav, B.L.(2016). &#8220;Metal Concentration in Three Popular Local Drinks Consumed in Benue State, Nigeria&#8221;. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(3): 647-651.<br \/>\r\n[6] Bingol, M.,Yentur, G., Buket, E.R. &amp;Oktem, A.B.(2010). Determination of some heavy metal levels in soft drinks from Turkey using ICP-OES method. Czech J. Food Sci. 28:213-216.<br \/>\r\n[7] Nkansah, M. &amp;Amoako, C.(2010). Heavy metal content of some common spices available in markets in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana.American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 1(2):158\u2013163.<br \/>\r\n[8] Duffus, J.H.(2002).\u201cHeavy metal\u201d \u2013 a meaningless term.Pure Appl. Chem.74:793\u2013807.<br \/>\r\n[9] Cabrera, C., Lorenzo, M.L. &amp;Lopaz, M.C.(1995). Lead and cadmium contamination in dairy product and its repercussion on total dietary intake, J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 1605\u20131609.<br \/>\r\n[10] Ibrahim, D.B., Froberg, A., Wolf, D.E. &amp;Rusyniak, E.(2006). Heavy metal poisoning: clinical presentations and pathophysiology, Clin. Lab. Med. 26: 67\u201397.<br \/>\r\n[11] Arnold, J.P.(2005). Origin and history of beer and brewing: From prehistoric times to the beginning of brewing science and technology. Cleveland, Ohio.<br \/>\r\n[12] Strumwasser, S.(2017). Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry Summary White Paper, Available from: Green Circle Capital Partners, 111 John St., Suite 630, New York, NY 10038, 2016 (Accessed date: 10 October, 2018), http:\/\/greencirclecap.com\/wp-content\/ uploads\/2017\/09\/Green-Circle-Beverage-Industry-White-Paper-2016.docx.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[13] Obuzor, G.U. &amp;Ajaezi, N.E.(2010). Nutritional content of popular malt drinks produced in Nigeria. African J. Food Sci. 4(9): 585-590.<br \/>\r\n[14] Goyer, R.A.(1994). Biology and nutrition of essential elements.In risk assessment of essential elements.ILSI Press, Washington, DC.13\u201319.<br \/>\r\n[15] ATSDR,(1993).Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.Toxicological profile for heavy metals.US Department of health and Human Service.<br \/>\r\n[16] Smolders, E. &amp;Mertens, J.(2012). Overview of cadmium.Environmental Pollution.283\u2013311.<br \/>\r\n[17] Silva, A.L.O., Paulo, R.G., Silvana, D.C. &amp;Josino, C.(2005). Dietary intake and health effects of selected toxic elements.Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17(1):79-93.<br \/>\r\n[18] Salako, S.G., Adekoyeni, O.O., Adegbite, A.A. &amp; Hammed, T.B.(2016). Determination of metals content of alcohol and non-alcoholic canned drinks consumed at Idiroko Border Town Ogun State Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 12 (6): 1-8.<br \/>\r\n[19] Gomaa, N.A., Mohammed, B.M.A., Bassem, A.S. &amp;Safaa, S.M.A.(2019). Heavy metals content in some non-alcholic beverages (carbonated drinks flavored yogurt drinks, and juice drinks) of the Egyptian markets. 6:210-214.<br \/>\r\n[20] Lenntech, K.(2012). Chemical properties of nickel &#8211; Health effects of nickel \u2013 Environmental effects of nickel;Available:http:\/\/www.lenntech.com\/periodic\/elements\/ni.htm#ixzz3dV9oZ4zM.<br \/>\r\n[21] Engwa, A.G., Ihekwoaba, C.J., Ilo, U.S., Unaegbu, M., Ayuk, L.E. &amp;Osuji, A.G.(2015). Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria.Toxicology Reports, 2: 384-390.<br \/>\r\n[22] Formicki, G.(2012).Heavy metals in aquatic environment, toxicity, biological properties, availability and accumulation in animal tissues.Scientific Publisher of Pedagogical University of Cracow, Krak\u00f3w.<br \/>\r\n[23] Mena, C.M., Carmen, C., Luisa, M.L. &amp; Carmen, M.L.(1997). Determination of lead contamination in Spanish wines and other alcoholic beverages by flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(5):1812\u201315.<br \/>\r\n[24] Mehmet, B., Gulderen,Y., Buket, E.R. &amp;Aysel, B.O.(2010). Determination of some heavy metal levels in soft drinks from Turkey using ICP-OES method. Czech Journal Food Science, 28(3): 213-216.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Odangowei I. Ogidi, Okiemute Omu, Chiemeziem O. Njoku, Oghenetega Emumejakpor &#8220;Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Selected Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Drinks Sold in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.176-179 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/176-179.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/176-179.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/evaluation-of-heavy-metal-contaminations-of-selected-alcoholic-and-non-alcoholic-drinks-sold-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations of Selected Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Drinks Sold in Nigeria<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2377ca7 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2377ca7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2377d79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2377d79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2377ef1\" data-id=\"2377ef1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2378014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2378014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23780b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23780b1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2378210\" data-id=\"2378210\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2378334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2378334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>COVID-19 Lockdown, Slump in Global Oil price, and Policy Recovery Options: The Nigerian Experience<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Chukwuemeka Amaefule- April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 180-187<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23783d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23783d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2378557\" data-id=\"2378557\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23786b9 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23786b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The interplay of covid-19 lockdown and a slump in the global oil price is a recipe for a lengthy and costly global recession. The previous recession in Nigeria is deeply rooted in the global slump in global oil prices, a supply-side shock effect. The new phenomenon of demand-shock effect alongside a supply-side shock effect implies that the length and cost of the recession could significantly inflict a colossal economic downturn on the economic outlook in emerging and developing economies. This begs the question, what are the policy recovery options for Nigeria? The paper examined economic recessions in Nigeria from 1981 to 2016. The study adopted a historical-normative approach to study the interplay of factors deepening the impact of the recession. Data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) was analyzed. The study identified among other factors such as weak productive base, inconsistencies of macroeconomic policies, the problem of poor policy coordination, heavy dependency on petro-dollar system, insensitivity of the political class to the realities in the economy, wide disconnect between the financial system and the real-informal sectors are factors that would expose Nigeria to the impact of global covid-19 and slump in the global oil price hence a lengthy and costly recession is inevitable in Nigeria. The recession would lead to social insecurity, instability in the currency structure of the country, balance of payment disequilibrium, high debt problem, fragile stock market, financial distress in the banking sector, inescapable stagflation incidence, liquidity problem and capital formation, a decline in capital inflow due to problems in global reinvested earnings losses in MNEs, a decline in general economic activities, and fall in social welfare. Thus, to spur, stimulate and re-diversify the productive base of the nation to reduce the geometry and structure of recession. The government should rethink the cost of governance, drive research base innovation, and develop skill and capacity to improve the sustainability and resilience of the economy to structural and systemic shocks. Keynesian and monetary policy prescriptions must be pursued through the expansionary fiscal approach and manufacturing-informal sector investment financing to jumpstart the economy. These recommendations revolve around coordinated fiscal, monetary and commercial policies required to sustain the post-recession economy. Such policies must be directed strictly on the provision of infrastructure, strengthening the security architecture and reduction of cost of doing business.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 180-187\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 29 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Chukwuemeka Amaefule<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nRivers State Ministry of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Alexis, A., Martin, A. W. &amp; Vivian, C. J. (2010). The global economic crisis: impact on sub-Saharan Africa and global policy responses. Congressional research services.www.crs.gov.<br \/>\r\n[2] Arbana, S., Jafet, M., Drita, K., Arben, S. &amp; Albulena, S. (n.d.). Types of financial crisis. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences Vol. 2, No. 12 (31-39) ISSN 2047-2528<br \/>\r\n[3] Bangura, Y. (1987). The recession and workers\u2019 struggles in the vehicle assembly plants: steyr-Nigeria. Review of African Political Economy, 14(39)<br \/>\r\n[4] Bayo, O. (2012). The Babangida years and private sector\u2019s initiatives in the restructuring of the Nigerian economy, 1985-1993. African Nebula Issues 5.4_okuntola_s_paper.pdf retrieved 6th September, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[5] Blanchflower, D., &amp; Bell, D. (2020). Forget \u2018recession\u2019: this is a depression. The Guardian, April 3, retrieved from www.theguardian.com<br \/>\r\n[6] Borge, B. (2020). Great recession showed countries can\u2019t fight the coronavirus economic crisis alone. April 3, 2020. Retrieved from www.weforum.org<br \/>\r\n[7] Buhari, M. (2017). Buhari, Economists others caution against celebrating Nigeria\u2019s Exit from Recession. The Punch, September 6, Vol 4 P.1, 23-25.<br \/>\r\n[8] Carlsson-Slezak, P., Reeves, M., &amp; Swartz, P. (2020). Understanding the economic shock of coronavirus. Harvard Business Review March 27, 2020. Retrieved from www.hbr.org<br \/>\r\n[9] Central Bank Nigeria (2015). CBN statistical Bulletin. Abuja retrieved 9-08-2015.<br \/>\r\n[10] Christina, D. R. (2003). Great Depression. Encyclopedia Britannica. great_depression.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[11] Claudia, C., Linda, L., William, J. M. (2011). The role of public works infrastructure in economic recovery. Congressional research services 7-5700.www.crs.gov.R42015<br \/>\r\n[12] Coulton, B. (ed.) (2020). Deep global recession in 2020 as coronavirus crisis escalates. Fitch Ratings, April 2, retrieved from www.fitchratings.com<br \/>\r\n[13] Elsby, M. W. (2010). The labor market in the great recession. Retrieved from www.nber.org<br \/>\r\n[14] Greg, C. (2009). Recession, recovery and reinvestment: The role of local economic leadership in a global crisis. OECD<br \/>\r\n[15] Hong, K., Lee, J.W. &amp; Tang, H. C. (2009). Crises in Asia: Historical Perpectives and Implications. ADB Economics Working Paper Series April No152.<br \/>\r\n[16] Hurd, M. D. (2010). Effects of the financial crisis and great recession on America. Retrieved from www.nber.org<br \/>\r\n[17] ILO (2011). The global crisis: causes, responses and challenges. wcms_155824.pdf12\/08\/2016.<br \/>\r\n[18] IMF (2020). IMFC meeting march 27, 2020. Retrieved from www.imf.org<br \/>\r\n[19] Jiri, M., &amp; Elena, M. (2013). The evaluation of economic recession Magnitude introduction and application. Prague economic papers, 2. DOI 10.1826\/jpep.447<br \/>\r\n[20] Jonathan, E., Sam, K., Brent, N., &amp; John, R. (2016). Trade and the global recession. Eknr.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[21] Joshua, M., David, S., &amp; Claire, L. (2013). The United States after the great recession: the challenge of sustainable growth. Global economic and development working paper 60, Brookings.<br \/>\r\n[22] Kiseok, H., Jong-Wha, L. &amp; Hsiao, C. T. (2009). Crisis in Asia: Historical perspectives and implications economics. ADB economic working paper series No 152-wp152.pdf.<br \/>\r\n[23] National Bureau of Statistic Nigeria (2011). Annual Abstract annual_abstract_2012.pdf<br \/>\r\n[24] National Bureau of Statistic Nigeria (2016). GDP Q22016finalreport26-08-2016.pf. Abuja<br \/>\r\n[25] Okuntola, B (2012). The Babangida years and private sector\u2019s initiatives in the restructuring of the Nigerian economy, 1985-1993. Academic Journal Article<br \/>\r\n[26] Onuchuku, O. (2016). War of Supremacy between Unemployment and Inflation in Nigeria: Who is the Actual Loser? Inaugural Lecture series No 133, July 28,2016.<br \/>\r\n[27] Paulus, Z. (2011). The impact of global recession on developing countries. Pontification Academy of Social sciences, Acta 16.<br \/>\r\n[28] Sebastian, D., Detlef, J. K., Alejandro, M. &amp; Jan, P. (2010). The financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 and developing countries, United Nations NY and Geneva.<br \/>\r\n[29] Shambaugh, J. (2020). We are already in a recession: Can we make it a short one? Brookings, April 3, retrieved from www.brookings.edu<br \/>\r\n[30] Sher, V. &amp; Iyanatul, I. (2010). The Great recession of 2008-2009: Causes, consequencies and Policy responses. Discussion Paper Series IZA DP No 4934 May 2010, Bonn, Germany.<br \/>\r\n[31] Stijn, C. &amp; Kose, M. A. (2013). Financial crises, explanations, types and implications. IMF working paper, wp\/13\/28<br \/>\r\n[32] Vishmu, P. (n.d.) Global recession: effects and implications for South Africa at a time of political challenges, ImpactGlobalFC.pdf<br \/>\r\n[33] Wen-jen (2011). The Global Economic Recession and Industrial Structure : Evidence from four Asian Dragons. ADBI working paper series No 315.<br \/>\r\n[34] www.eia.gov<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Chukwuemeka Amaefule &#8220;COVID-19 Lockdown, Slump in Global Oil price, and Policy Recovery Options: The Nigerian Experience&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.180-187 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/180-187.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/180-187.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/covid-19-lockdown-slump-in-global-oil-price-and-policy-recovery-options-the-nigerian-experience\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>COVID-19 Lockdown, Slump in Global Oil price, and Policy Recovery Options: The Nigerian Experience<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237959d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237959d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237967d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237967d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237980a\" data-id=\"237980a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2379936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23799da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23799da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2379b4d\" data-id=\"2379b4d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2379c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Investigation of Kinetics of Transesterification for Methyl Ester Production using Jatropha Curcas Seedoil<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Yunus, M.M. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 188-192<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2379d04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2379d04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2379e83\" data-id=\"2379e83\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2379fb6 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2379fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3711\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3711\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">In this work, transesterification of Jatropha curcas seedoil using homogeneous catalyst (NaOH) was conducted in a reactor with methanol. The transesterification reaction at 6:1methanol to oil ratio with 1wt% catalyst was studied at 35oc, 40oc, 45oc, 50oc and 55oc.The study attempted to determine the rate of transesterification of Jatropha curcas seed oil (JSO) by measuring the rate of formation of methyl oleate using GC-MS technique. The concentration of the product (methyl-oleate) will be monitored by measuring the peak area of GC-MS chromatogram. A kinetic model together with relevant parameters like reaction order, rate constants and Arrhenius parameters would be estimated. The data generated was used to test for first, second and third order kinetics. The process reveals that, the first order kinetics model doesn\u2019t apply for the first three working temperatures of 35oc to 45oc showing negative rate constant (k) values of -0.146, -0.141 and -0.131mol\/second, while for the transesterification process at 50oc and 55oc, rate constant values are 0.132 and 0.115 respectively. A general decrease in the reaction rate with increase in temperature was observed. The transesterification process didn\u2019t proceed in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. This means, although the kinetic model and rates of constants were determined, the activation energy (E) and the frequency factor (A) couldn\u2019t be estimated for the process.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 188-192\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 30 April 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3712\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3712\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Yunus, M.M.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Yobe State University KM 7, Gujba Road, P.M.B.1144 Damaturu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3713\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3713\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Achten, W. M. J.,Verchot,L., Franken,Y.J., Mathijs, E.,Singh,V.P., Aerts, R. and Muys, B. (2009). Jatropha Biodiesel Production and Use (a Review). Biomass &amp; Bioenergy (32):1063\u201484.<br \/>\r\n[2] Ahickpor, J.C. and Kuwornoo, D.K., (2010). Kinetics of palm kernel oil and ethanol transesterification. Energy and Environment, 1 (20): 1097\u20141108<br \/>\r\n[3] Bunce, M., Synder, D., Adi, G., Koehler, J., Kumar, S., Garimella, P., Santon, D. and Shaver, G. (2011). Optimization of soya-biodiesel combustion in a modern diesel engine. Fuel, 90: 2560\u201470.<br \/>\r\n[4] Carraretto, C., Mirandola, A.M., Stoppato, A. and Tonon, S. (2008). Biodiesel as Alternative Fuel: Experimental analysis and energetic evaluations. Energy (29): 2195\u2014211.<br \/>\r\n[5] Demirbas, A. (2010).Comparison of transesterification methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils and fats. Energy conversion and Management. 49:125\u201430.<br \/>\r\n[6] Farag, H.A., El-Maghraby, A. and Taha, N. (2013). Kinetic study of used vegetable oil for esterification and Transesterification process of biodiesel production. Int. Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (3)1\u20148<br \/>\r\n[7] Fazal, M.A., Haseeb, A.S., Masjuki, H.H. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 15 (2011) 1314-1324.<br \/>\r\n[8] Harris, D. C. (2003). Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, p590.<br \/>\r\n[9] Houfang, Lu., L. Yingying, Z. Hui, Y. Yang, M. and Liang, B. (2009). Production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. oil. Comp. Chem. Eng. 33: 1091&#8211;96.<br \/>\r\n[10] Leevijit, T., Wisutmethangoon, W., Prateepchaikul, G. and Allen, M. A. (2004). Second Order Kinetics of Palm Oil Transesterification, Sustain. Ener. and Environ. 8: 254.<br \/>\r\n[11] Mendow, G. Veizaqa, N.S. and Querini, C.A. (2011). Ethyl ester production by homogeneous alkaline transesterification: influence of catalyst, Bioresour Technol, 102: 6385&#8211;6391<br \/>\r\n[12] Solomon, G., Luqman, C.A. and Nor, M.A. (2010). Investigating \u201cEgusi\u201d (Citrulluscolocynths L,) seed oil as potential feedstock. Energies,(3): 607\u2014618.<br \/>\r\n[13] Tomomatsu, Y. and Swallow, B. (2007). Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel Production in Kenya: Economics and potential value chain development for smallholder farmers, working paper, World Agro Forestry Centre, p 33<br \/>\r\n[14] Wu, H. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. and Zheng J. (2014). Biodiesel production from Jatropha oil using mesoporous molecular sieves supporting K2SiO3 as catalysts for transesterification. Fuel process Technol, 119: 114&#8211;120<br \/>\r\n[15] Vyas, A.P. Verma, J. L. and Subrahmanyam, N. (2010). A review on FAME production processes, fuel, 89: 1-9<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3714\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3714\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Yunus, M.M. &#8220;Investigation of Kinetics of Transesterification for Methyl Ester Production using Jatropha Curcas Seedoil&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.188-192 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/188-192.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3715\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3715\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/188-192.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3716\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3716\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/investigation-of-kinetics-of-transesterification-for-methyl-ester-production-using-jatropha-curcas-seedoil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Investigation of Kinetics of Transesterification for Methyl Ester Production using Jatropha Curcas Seedoil<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ad5a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237ad5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237ae38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237ae38\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237afd8\" data-id=\"237afd8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237b120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237b120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237b1d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237b1d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237b352\" data-id=\"237b352\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237b466 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237b466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Implementation of Irish Foreign Direct Investment Policy in Uzbekistan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Shahboz Babaev &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 193-195<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237b507 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237b507\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237b687\" data-id=\"237b687\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237b7e1 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237b7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">It is well known that governments in developing countries such as Uzbekistan are actively looking at ways to improve their FDI policy. Developing nations often look toward other developed countries FDI policy based on its positive effects in the country\u2019s economy. In many ways in this globalised world, if we look around the world and see what policies are successful, there are not many effective policies that could be implemented. However, it is acknowledged within the literature that the main factors influencing FDI policy in Uzbekistan are unfortunately negative. The main aim of this study is to look for possibilities to implement the Irish FDI policy in Uzbekistan. In the process, the study sought to investigate the main factors influencing FDI policy in Uzbekistan. The study also sought to discover the reasons why Uzbekistan should implement the Irish FDI policy. Data was collected using qualitative methods. The research was conducted through the use of semi-structured interviews of two existing government bodies, the IDA Ireland and Uzinfoinvest, and experts and senior managers in Uzbekistan and Ireland. This research concludes that restrictions on currency conversion, uncertainty of the rule of law, corruption and bureaucracy have been preventing multinationals from investing in Uzbekistan. There also appears to be a lack of a good track record of existing long-term companies.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 193-195\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 01 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Shahboz Babaev <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAnhui Finance and Trade Vocational College, China<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1] Barry, F., &amp; Bradley, J. (1997). FDI and trade: the Irish host-country experience. Economic Journal, 107(445), 1798-1811.<br \/>\r\n[2] Barry, F. (2003). Irish Economic Development over Three Decades of EU Membership. Retrieved from University College Dublin.<br \/>\r\n[3] Barry, F. (2007). Third-level education, foreign direct investment and economic boom in Ireland. Technology Management, 38(3), 198-219.<br \/>\r\n[4] European Union. (2013, September). Policy Briefing &#8211; Uzbekistan: Selected trade and economic issuies. Retrieved May 15, 2015, from Policy Department, Directorate-General for External Policies: http:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/briefing_note\/join\/2013\/491518\/EXPO-INTA_SP(2013)491518_EN.pdf<br \/>\r\n[5] Pomfret, R. (2000). The Uzbek Model of Economic Development 1991-1999. Economic of Transition, 8(3), 733-748<br \/>\r\n[6] Pomfret, R. (2003, July). Central Asia since 1991: the experience of the new independent states. France: OECD Development Centre. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from www.oecd.org: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/countries\/kyrgyzstan\/5961227.pdf<br \/>\r\n[7] Pomfret, R. (2010, May). Central Asia after Two Decades of Independence. Retrieved from UNU-WIDER 2010.<br \/>\r\n[8] Pomfret, R. (2011). Uzbekistan Policies, Investments and Trade Performance 2000-2010. Adelaide, University of Adelaide, Australia.<br \/>\r\n[9] Kotz, D. M. (2004, January 3). The &#8216;Uzbek Growth Puzzle&#8221; and the Washington Consensus. Retrieved May 10, 2015, from Allied Social Science Association Convention, ASSAC:<br \/>\r\n[10] Shiells, R. C. (2003). FDI and the Investment Climate in the CIS Countries. Internationa Monetary Fund (IMF)<br \/>\r\n[11] Velde, D. W. (2001). Policies Towards Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Emerging Best-Practices and Outstanding Issues. London: Overseas Development Institute.<br \/>\r\n[12] The World Bank. (2002). Transition: The First Ten Years. Retrieved May 15, 2015, from The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank: http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/ECAEXT\/Resources\/complete.pdf<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Shahboz Babaev &#8220;Implementation of Irish Foreign Direct Investment Policy in Uzbekistan&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.193-195 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/193-195.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/193-195.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/implementation-of-irish-foreign-direct-investment-policy-in-uzbekistan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Implementation of Irish Foreign Direct Investment Policy in Uzbekistan<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237c592 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237c592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237c664 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237c664\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237c7cb\" data-id=\"237c7cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237c8e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237c8e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237c98c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237c98c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237caf6\" data-id=\"237caf6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237cc00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237cc00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Stakeholders\u2019 Views on Ways to Reduce The Use of Plastic Bags and Its Environmental and Public Health Impacts in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Aliyu Abubakar Shehu, Faruk Usman Maiyaki, Muhammad Habibu Yahaya, Sulaiman Aliyu &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 196-200<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237cc9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237cc9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237ce19\" data-id=\"237ce19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237cf57 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237cf57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Background<br \/>\r\nPlastic shopping bags are mostly used for disposing waste, transporting goods, packaging items, and sometimes transporting food items and drinking water. However, Inappropriate plastic and other waste causes huge negative impacts on environmental and public health (Schenck et al., 2019).<br \/>\r\nOne of the enormous challenges with plastic bags (PB) in developing countries is that they block sewage systems (Adane &#038; Muleta, 2011; Muhonja et al., 2018). When sewage passages are blocked, this causes foul odors and a breeding ground for disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, which are responsible for the transmission of malaria (Rayne, 2008). For example, in India and Bangladesh, sewage blockage has led to several human deaths. In India, for example, flooding in Mumbai led to the demise of a thousand individuals. This flood was as a result of the blockage of storm drains by plastic bags (Somanathan &#038; Gupta, 2009). Consequently, different states in India and governments across the world placed legislation to reduce plastic bag consumption (Somanathan &#038; Gupta, 2009).<br \/>\r\nIn Nigeria, plastic bags are used in wrapping table water, biscuit, salt, ice cream and several other consumables. Polyethylene bags are used in all markets, restaurants, homes, and shopping centers in Nigeria. These bags are found in the entire streets and corners of the country, for example in Edo State and Ondo State in Nigeria (Aziegbe, 2007; Akinro et al., 2012). In Nigeria, most states and cities such as Ado-Ekiti encounter waste management problems as a result of poor management of waste (Adefemi &#038; Awokunmi, 2009).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 196-200\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Aliyu Abubakar Shehu <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSave the Nature Foundation, Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Faruk Usman Maiyaki  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMinistry of Basic and Secondary Education, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Habibu Yahaya  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defense Academy, Postgraduate School Kaduna, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Sulaiman Aliyu  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Basic and Remedial Studies, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbalo, E. M., Agyemang, S., Atio, S., Ofosu-Bosompem, D., Peprah, P., &#038; Ampomah-Sarpong, R. (2017). Environmental Sanitation Unleashed: Effectiveness And Challenges Of The National Sanitation Day As A Community Sanitation Participatory Approach In Aboabo, Ghana. Cogent Environmental Science, 3(1), 1-20. Retrieved 01 19, 2019, From Https:\/\/Www.Tandfonline.Com\/Doi\/Full\/10.1080\/23311843.2017.1405888<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbbott, J. K., &#038; Sumaila, U. R. (2019). Reducing Marine Plastic Pollution: Policy Insights from Economics. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAdane, L., &#038; Muleta, D. (2011). Survey on The Usage of Plastic Bags, Their Disposal and Adverse Impacts on Environment: A Case Study in Jimma City, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 3(8), 234\u2013248.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAdefemi, S. O., &#038; Awokunmi, E. E. (2009). The Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Ekiti-State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 3(8), 186\u2013189.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAkinro, A. O., Ikumawoyi, O. B., Yahaya, O., &#038; Ologunagha, N. M. (2012). Environmental Impacts of Polyethylene Generation and Disposal in Akure City, Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture and Biology, 12(3), 1\u20138.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAniah, E. And Obong, L. (2008). The Challenges of Waste Disposal in A Secondary City: Calabar Metropolis \u2013 Cross River State, Nigeria. Lwati: A Journal of Contemporary Research, 5(1).<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAsuquo, I. A., Kinuabeye, U. J., &#038; Joy, E. A. (2012). Attitude Of Urban Dwellers To Waste Disposal And Management In Calabar, Nigeria. European Journal Of Sustainable Development, 1(1).<br \/>\r\n[8]\tAwosan, K. J., Oche, M. O., Yunusa, E. U., Raji, M. O., Isah, B. A., Aminu, K. U., &#8230;&#038;Kuna, A. M. (2017). Knowledge, risk perception and practices regarding the hazards of unsanitary solid waste disposal among small-scale business operators in Sokoto, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, 26(2), 1-10.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tAziegbe, F. I. (2007). Seasonality and Environmental Impact Status of Polyethylene (Cellophane) Generation and Disposal in Benin City, Nigeria. J. Hum. Ecol, 22(2), 141\u2013147.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tBarnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C., &#038; Barlaz, M. (2009). Accumulation and Fragmentation of Plastic Debris in Global Environments. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 1985\u20131998. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1098\/Rstb.2008.0205<br \/>\r\n[11]\tBasiru, H. A., Yacob, M. R., &#038; Manaf, L. A. (2017). Households&#8217; Levels Of Awareness, Perception, And Attitude Towards Improved Solid Waste Collection Services In Kano Metropolis, North -West, Nigeria. Iosr Journal Of Humanities And Social Sciences (Iosr-Jhss), 22(9), 24-36. Retrieved 01 11, 2019, From Iosrjournals.Org\/Iosr-Jhss\/Papers\/Vol.%2022%20issue9\/Version-12\/C2209122436.Pdf<br \/>\r\n[12]\tHaji Ali, N. And Siong, H. (2016). Social Factors Influencing Household Solid Waste Minimisation. Matec Web of Conferences, 66, P.00048.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tKumar M. Nandini, N. (2013). Community Attitudes, Perception And Willingness Towards Solid Waste Management In Bangalore, Karnataka, India. International Journal Of Environmental Sciences, 4(1), 87-95. Doi:Doi: 10.6088\/Ijes.2013040100009<br \/>\r\n[14]\tMaguire, R., Johnson, H., Taboada, M. B., Barner, L., &#038; Caldwell, G. A. (2019). A Review of Single-Use Plastic Waste Policy In 2018: What Will 2019 Hold in Store?<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMoharam, Riyad &#038; Almaqtari, Maher. (2014). The Impact of Plastic Bags on The Environment: A Field Survey of The City of Sana&#8217;a and the Surrounding Areas, Yemen. International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews. 2. 61-69.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMUKTAR MUHAMMAD, A. (2018). Public acceptance of a proposed ban on plastic bags in Nigeria: the case of Yola-Jimeta, Adamawa state (Doctoral dissertation, American University of Nigeria, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences).<br \/>\r\n[17]\tMwiinga, F. (2014). Perceptions Of Solid Waste Management And The Role Of Environmental Education Among The Selected Residents Choma Township In Southern Zambia. Retrieved 01 19, 2019, From Http:\/\/Dspace.Unza.Zm:8080\/Xmlui\/Bitstream\/Handle\/123456789\/3792\/Main%20document.Pdf<br \/>\r\n[18]\tO&#8217;brien, J., &#038; Thondhlana, G. (2019). Plastic Bag Use in South Africa: Perceptions, Practices and Potential Intervention Strategies. Waste Management, 84, 320-328.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tPathak, G., &#038; Nichter, M. (2019). The Anthropology of Plastics: An Agenda for Local Studies of a Global Matter of Concern. Medical Anthropology Quarterly.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tRayne, S. (2008). The Need for Reducing Plastic Shopping Bag Use and Disposal in Africa. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2(3).<br \/>\r\n[21]\tReed, B., &#038; Mena-Moreno, R. (2016). WASH in emergencies problem exploration report: Solid waste management.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tSaleh Omar, B., Quoquab, F., &#038; Mohammad, J. (2019). \u201cNo Plastic Bag\u201d Campaign of Malaysia. In Green Behavior And Corporate Social Responsibility in Asia (Pp. 113-119). Emerald Publishing Limited<br \/>\r\n[23]\tShahnawaz, M., Sangale, M. K., &#038; Ade, A. B. (2019). Social Awareness of Plastic Waste Threat. In Bioremediation Technology for Plastic Waste (Pp. 85-91). Springer, Singapore.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tSomanathan, R., &#038; Gupta, K. (2009). Understanding the Consumer Demand for Plastic Bags in India-Evidence from An Experiment in Delhi. Delhi School of Economics<br \/>\r\n[25]\tStrange, K. (2011) Plastic Bags: National Policies &#038; Practices, Plastic Europe.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tWorld Health Organization. (2017). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities: a summary (No. WHO\/FWC\/WSH\/17.05). World Health Organization<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Aliyu Abubakar Shehu, Faruk Usman Maiyaki, Muhammad Habibu Yahaya, Sulaiman Aliyu  &#8220;Stakeholders\u2019 Views on Ways to Reduce The Use of Plastic Bags and Its Environmental and Public Health Impacts in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.196-200 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/196-200.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/196-200.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/stakeholders-views-on-ways-to-reduce-the-use-of-plastic-bags-and-its-environmental-and-public-health-impacts-in-sokoto-mmetropolis-sokoto-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Stakeholders\u2019 Views on Ways to Reduce The Use of Plastic Bags and Its Environmental and Public Health Impacts in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237df6d elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237df6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237e08e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237e08e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237e227\" data-id=\"237e227\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237e348 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237e348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237e3e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237e3e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237e581\" data-id=\"237e581\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237e6ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237e6ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Research Philosophy Dilemma for Postgraduate Student Researchers<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Hussein Muhaise, Annabella Habinka Ejiri, Johnie Wycliffe Frank Muwanga-Zake, Margaret Kareyo &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 201-204<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237e754 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237e754\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237e8e6\" data-id=\"237e8e6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ea40 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"237ea40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Every postgraduate study calls for the declaration of research philosophy approach and paradigm on which the research being carried out is based. This often gives a challenge to many postgraduate novice researchers in all fields of study. This paper attempts to explore the essential values of research philosophy and Paradigm, demonstrate the position of the key researches on the matter, elucidate the philosophical and research paradigm concerns, the ontology, epistemology and understanding the application of various theories and practices as used in a research study. In application of academic literature review, generalization and systemization coupled with modeling methods in the study.  The key pillars of research philosophy and paradigm are highlighted with clear direction to adoption of one and application in an academic research.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 201-204\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hussein Muhaise <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Computing and Information Technology, Kampala international University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Annabella Habinka Ejiri<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Computing and Information Science, Makerere University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Johnie Wycliffe Frank Muwanga-Zake <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Computing and Information Technology, Kampala international University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Margaret Kareyo <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSchool of Computing and Information Technology, Kampala international University, Uganda<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tAlexander M. N and Dmitry A. N (2013) Research Methodology, From Philosophy of Science to Research Design. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor &#038; Francis Group, an Informa business<br \/>\r\n[2].\tBlaikie, N. (2010) Designing Social Research (2nd edn). Cambridge: Polity.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tBrierley, J.A. (2017). The role of a pragmatist paradigm when adopting mixed methods in behavioural accounting research. International Journal of Behavioural Accounting and Finance, 6 (2). pp. 140-154. ISSN 1753-1969<br \/>\r\n[4].\tBuchanan, D., Boddy, D. and McAlman, J. (2013) \u2018Getting in, getting on, getting out and getting back\u2019, in A. Bryman (ed.) Doing Research in Organisations. London: Routledge, pp. 53\u201367. Burrell, G. and Morgan, G. (1979) Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis. London: Heinemann.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tCreswell, J.W. and Plano Clark, V.L. (2011) Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods  Research, 2nd edition, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA<br \/>\r\n[6].\tDelbert M. and Salkind N. (2002) Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement (6th ed.). London. Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tDilley, P. (2004). Interviews and the Philosophy of Qualitative Research. The Journal of Higher Education, 75(1), 127-132. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3838692<br \/>\r\n[8].\tDye, J. (2013) Understanding the Information Needs of Postgraduate Taught Students and How These Can Be Met. London: HEFCE.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tEasterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., Jackson, P. and Lowe, A. (2012) Management Research (4th edn). London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tElkjaer, B. and Simpson, B. (2011) \u2018Pragmatism: A lived and living philosophy. What can it offer to contemporary organization theory?\u2019 in H. Tsoukas and R. Chia (eds) Philosophy and Organization Theory. Bradford: Emerald Publishing, pp. 55\u201384.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tGabriel, Y., Gray, D.E. and Goregaokar, H. (2013) \u2018Job loss and its aftermath among managers and professionals: Wounded, fragmented and flexible\u2019, Work, Employment &#038; Society, Vol. 27, pp. 56\u201372. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (2010) Research Methods for Managers (4th edn). London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tGiorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology: A modified Husserlian approach. Pittsburgh, PA, US: Duquesne University Press.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tKelemen, M. and Rumens, N. (2008) An Introduction to Critical Management Research. London: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tKetokivi, M. and Mantere, S. (2010) \u2018Two strategies for inductive reasoning in organizational research\u2019, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 315\u201333.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tKothari CR. (2009). Research Methodology-Methods and Techniques, New age publishers,  India<br \/>\r\n[16].\tKumar R. (2005) Research Methodology \u2013 A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners (2nd ed.). London. Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tLeedy P. and Ormrod J. (2005) Practical Research. Planning and Design (8th ed.). New Jersey. Pearson Educational International and Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tMark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill  (2016). Understanding research philosophies and approaches: Accessed 20\/3\/2020 from : https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/309102603<br \/>\r\n[19].\tNiglas, K. (2010) \u2018The multidimensional model of research methodology: An integrated set of continua\u2019, in A. Tashakkori and C. Teddlie (eds) The Sage Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioural Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 215\u201336.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tSalmon M. (1992) Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. New York. Prentice Hall.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tSpence, M., Gherib, J.B.B. and Biwol\u00e9, V.O. (2011) \u2018Sustainable development: Is entrepreneurial will enough? A north\u2013south comparison\u2019, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 335\u201367.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tThomas, R. and Hardy, C. (2011) \u2018Reframing resistance to organizational change\u2019, Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 27, pp. 322\u201331.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tVan Maanen, J., S\u00f8rensen, J.B. and Mitchell, T.R. (2007) \u2018The interplay between theory and method\u2019, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 1145\u201354.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tWatson, T. (2011) \u2018Ethnography, reality and truth: The vital need for studies of \u201chow things work\u201d in organizations and management\u2019, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 202\u201317.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tZukauskas.P , Vveinhardt, J and Andriukaitien\u0117 R (2018) Philosophy and Paradigm of Scientific Research. Available at http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.70628 accessed 10th march 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Hussein Muhaise, Annabella Habinka Ejiri, Johnie Wycliffe Frank Muwanga-Zake, Margaret Kareyo  &#8220;The Research Philosophy Dilemma for Postgraduate Student Researchers&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.201-204 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/201-204.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/201-204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-research-philosophy-dilemma-for-postgraduate-student-researchers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Research Philosophy Dilemma for Postgraduate Student Researchers<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237f8a2 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"237f8a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237f977 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237f977\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237fae6\" data-id=\"237fae6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237fc0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237fc0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237fca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237fca9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-237fe0d\" data-id=\"237fe0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-237ff16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"237ff16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Effect of Drug Abuse among Youths in Ozuaha Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Christopher I. Ogunka, Prisca Adanma Onyeri, Collins Ebubedike Onyeri, Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 205-215<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-237ffae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"237ffae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2380141\" data-id=\"2380141\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238026c elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238026c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This is the report of a study which investigated the effect of drug abuse on ozuaha youths in ozuaha community in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers state. Three questions and three null hypotheses were formulated. The population of the study consisted of ozuaha youths from the age of 15years to 30years that abuse drug. The total population was 3,200 youths from where a sample size of 360 youths was gotten using taro yamame\u2019s formular. This sample size was selected from the population by random sampling technique. A descriptive survey design method was adopted and questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by the research supervisor and the reliability of the instrument was tested using Pearson Production Movement Correlation (PPMC) test method which gave a coefficient (r) of 0.89. The research questions were answered with percentage, mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 (5%) significant level using z-test statistical tool. The major findings were: (1) drug abuse has adverse effect on health; such as psychiatric illnesses and mental disorders. (2) drug abuse has adverse effects on educational performance; such as poor academic performance, lateness to school, absenteeism and truancy and even dropping-out of school. (3) drug abuse has adverse effect on social behaviour; such as aggression, withdrawal from peers, loss of interest in hobbies, sudden mood swing, drug addiction (4) drug abuse can lead to increase in crime wave; such as, increase n rapping rate, armed robbery, kidnapping, stealing and outright-killing or murder. The implications of the findings were highlighted and appropriate recommendations made.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 205-215\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Christopher I. Ogunka <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEnugu State College of Education, Enugu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prisca Adanma Onyeri <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMedical Laboratory Scientist University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Collins Ebubedike Onyeri <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nEnvironmentalist, Ebony State University, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMathematics Department Ema Dominion International Schools, Port Harcourt, Nigeria                                            <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tConrad, U. (1992). Stimulant Drugs and Stress\u2019 factors Influencing Individual Differences in Drug Addiction. Social Science and Medicine, -31(6), 699-704.<br \/>\r\n[2]\t Abdulali, D. O. (2009). Poverty Drug and Anti-Social Behaviour Unpublished.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tNAFDAC, (2000). Sited in Haladu K.I, (2003). The Term Drug Abuse can be conceptualized  in criminal justice, 32(1),11-22<br \/>\r\n[4]\tHaladu, K. I. (2003). Consequences on Drug Abuse: Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Chicago Press.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t Adedeji, B. J. (2003). Effects of Alcohol on Human Aggression: Validity of Proposed Explanation.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMgbana, A. H. (2009). Report on the Issues on Drug Abuse Disorder: London.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMba, J. (2008). Diseases Transmit on Drug Abuse: Ibadan: African Journal of Psychiatry vol . 4.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tBolton, W. (1992). Learning Social Research, General Population Survey, 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishers.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tClinard, U. I. &#038;Abott .G. (1986). \u201cNarcotics Used and Crime: An  Overview of Recent Advances\u201d, Contemporary Drug Problem\u201d.<br \/>\r\n[10]\t Abubaka, M.S. (2011). Drug Abuse Type and Prevalence among Youths in Umuahia North Local Government Area.B.Sc Research Project, Abia State University (Unpublished).<br \/>\r\n[11]\tObilo (2017:260). Fundamentals of Research Methods and Statistics in Education and Social Science.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tAwker, R. (1990). The Lie in Drug Use and Achievement: Drug Salvation Force Magazine 1 (2), 10-11.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Christopher I. Ogunka, Prisca Adanma Onyeri, Collins Ebubedike Onyeri, Ugboaja Ikechukwu Michael  &#8220;Effect of Drug Abuse among Youths in Ozuaha Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.205-215 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/205-215.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/205-215.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/effect-of-drug-abuse-among-youths-in-ozuaha-community-in-ikwerre-local-government-area-of-rivers-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Effect of Drug Abuse among Youths in Ozuaha Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238105c elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238105c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2381134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2381134\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23812a0\" data-id=\"23812a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23813d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23813d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2381481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2381481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23815e8\" data-id=\"23815e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23816f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23816f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Heavy Metals Suitability in Irrigation Water Sources of Bauchi Suburb, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Muhammad, R.H., Hassan, U.F., Mahmoud, A.A., Baba, Haruna, Hassan, H.F., Madaki, A.A. and Madaki, A.I. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 216-221<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238179b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238179b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2381925\" data-id=\"2381925\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2381a58 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2381a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study determined the concentrations of copper, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, iron, cadmium and cobalt in the irrigation water samples collected within Bauchi metropolis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Water samples were collected from Federal Secretariat, Murtala Muhammad Way, Ran Road and Fadamar Mada. The concentrations of all the metals varied with locations. The results revealed that concentrations of chromium (0.05 to 0.15 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>), lead (0.10 to 0.38 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>), nickel (0.05 to 0.10 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>) and cobalt (below detectable limit to 0.02 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>) are within the permissible limits of WHO, 2001, while that of copper (5.48 to 22.32 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>), zinc (0.90 to 8.02 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>) and cadmium (0.05 to 0.10 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>) are above the permissible limits of WHO, 2001. The levels of iron (2.67 to 6.33 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>) and manganese (0.10 to 0.88 mg\/dm<sup>3<\/sup>), in water samples collected from Federal Secretariat Road and Ran Road are within the permissible limits, while those from Murtala Muhammad Way and Fadamar Mada are above the maximum limits of\u00a0 WHO. The results obtained in the water samples were subjected to One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The differences in the levels of \u00a0chromium, nickel, manganese, cadmium and cobalt were found to be significantly the same, while the differences in the concentrations of copper, lead, iron and zinc were significantly different (p \u2264 0.05). Based on the high concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium, manganese and iron in some irrigation water samples found in the different sources of the irrigation water sampled, this means there is contamination in the irrigation water samples which may affect the plant(s) grown in those areas and this may also in turn pose a health threat(s) to the consumers of the agricultural products.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 216-221\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 04 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Muhammad, R.H. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hassan, U.F. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mahmoud, A.A. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria                                                  <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Baba, Haruna <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Hassan, H.F. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Madaki, A.A. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Human Physiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Madaki, A.I. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nBauchi State Health Contributory Management Agency, Bauchi, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tGebrekidan, A., Weldegebriel, Y., Hadera, A. &#038; Vander, B. B. (2013). Toxicological Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated in Vegetables and Fruits Grown in Ginfel River near Sheba Tannery, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ecotoxicology Environment Safety, 95: 71\u2013178.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tEtem, O., Salih, M., Ahmet, A. &#038; Veli, I. (2016). Effect of Irrigation Water on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Mineral Elements in Some Vegetables in Anatoli Turkey. University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 6 (2): 49-58.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tMeghdad, P., Touba, K., Kiomars, S., Leila, B. &#038; Mansour, R. (2013). Measurement of Heavy Metals Concentration in Drinking Water from Source to Consumption Site in Kermansha-Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21 (3): 416 &#8211; 423.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tOxford Learner\u2019s Dictionary. (n.d). Irrigation. In Oxford Learner\u2019s Dictionary.com. 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Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc., pp. 828\u2013831.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tBhagure, G. R. and Mirgane, S. R. (2011). Heavy Metal Contaminations in Groundwaters and Soils of Thane Region of Maharashtra, India. Environmental Monitoring  and Assessment, 173 (1 \u2013 4): 643 &#8211; 652.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tCobb, G.P., Sands, K., Waters, M., Wixson, B.G. &#038; Dorward-King E. (2000). Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Vegetables Grown in Mine Wastes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19 (3): 600 &#8211; 607.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tATSDR (1994).  Toxicological Profile for Zinc. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 205-88-0608.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tAl-Othman, Z. A., Ali, R., Al-Othman, A. M., Ali, J., &#038; Habila, M. A. (2016). Assessment of Toxic Metals in Wheat Crops Grown on Selected Soils, Irrigated by Different Water Sources in Khyber Pukhtoon Khaw, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: 1555 &#8211; 1562.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tLaide, D. R. (2004). \u201cHandbook of Chemistry and Physics\u201d. CRC Press, Florida, United State, p 2556.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tLucchini, R. G., Aschner, M., Yangho kim, &#038; \u0160ari\u0107, M. (2015). Chapter 45\u2014Manganese. In G. F. Nordberg, B. A. Fowler &#038; M. Nordberg (Eds.), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (Fourth Edition) (pp. 975\u20131011). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-59453-2.00045-7<br \/>\r\n[27]\tDurupt, S., Durieu, I., Nov\u00e9-Josserand, R., Bencharif, L., Rousset, H. &#038; Vital Durand, D. (2000). Hereditary Hemochromatosis. Journal of Revue de Medine Interne, 21 (11): 961\u201371.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tCheney, K., Gumbiner, C., Benson, B. &#038; Tenenbein, M. (1995). Survival after a Severe Iron Poisoning Treated with Intermittent Infusions of Deferoxamine. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 33 (1): 61\u201366.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tATSDR (1999). Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 205 &#8211; 93 &#8211; 0606.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tAssubaie, F. N. (2015). Assessment of the Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Water in Alahsa Oasis Farms, Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 8: 240 &#8211; 245.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tNuccio, P. M. &#038; Valenza, M. (1979). Determination of Metallic Iron, Nickel and Cobalt in Meteorites (PDF). Rendiconti SocietaItaliana di Mineralogia e Petrografia, 35 (1): 355 \u2013 360.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tEnghag, P. (2004). &#8220;Cobalt&#8221;. Encyclopedia of the Elements: technical data, history, processing, applications, pp. 667 &#8211; 677.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tLenntech (2012). Chemical Properties of Cobalt, Health Effects of Cobalt and Environmental Effects of cobalt. Retrieved on July 3rd, 2019 from www. Lenntech.com<br \/>\r\n[34]\tKim J. H., Gibb H. J. &#038; Howe P. D. (2006). Cobalt and Inorganic Cobalt Compounds, WHO, International Chemical Assessment Document 69, pp. 1 &#8211; 85.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhammad, R.H., Hassan, U.F., Mahmoud, A.A., Baba, Haruna, Hassan, H.F., Madaki, A.A. and Madaki, A.I.  &#8220;Heavy Metals Suitability in Irrigation Water Sources of Bauchi Suburb, Bauchi State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.216-221 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/216-221.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/216-221.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/heavy-metals-suitability-in-irrigation-water-sources-of-bauchi-suburb-bauchi-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Heavy Metals Suitability in Irrigation Water Sources of Bauchi Suburb, Bauchi State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238282e elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238282e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23828fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23828fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2382a64\" data-id=\"2382a64\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382b83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382c25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382c25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2382def\" data-id=\"2382def\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2382f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2382f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Insulting Act in Talk Show \u201cCoklat Kita Humor Sufi\u201d<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Lisda Muhammad \u2018Afiif, Retno Winarni, Muhammad Rohmadi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 222-225<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2383024 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2383024\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23831a1\" data-id=\"23831a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23832d2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23832d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">With so many acts displayed on social media, people are forced to choose wisely on things. It is truly necessary to avoid hate speech and condemnation in a talk or conversation. This research is aimed to find expressive speech acts in the form of insult in a talk show titled \u201cCoklat Kita Humor Sufi\u201d. This is a descriptive-qualitative research with purposive sampling technique. The result of this study found 7 acts of insult in the form of mocking (85.7%) and investigating (14.28%).<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 222-225\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Lisda Muhammad \u2018Afiif <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Retno Winarni <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Rohmadi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nSebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbidin, Zainal and Nurlita Jayanti Riski. 2019. \u201cDampak Tayangan Televisi Pada Kualitas Belajar Remaja (Studi Penelitian Kualitatif Pada Remaja Usia SMP Dan SMA Di Wilayah Depok).\u201d Research and Development Journal Of Education 6(1):121\u201335.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAfiif, Lisda Muhammad, Turahmat, and Puspita Wardani Oktarina. 2018. \u201cPandangan Kitab Arba\u2019in An-Nawawiyah Pada Tuturan Ekspresif Sujiwo Tejo Di UIN Walisongo Semarang (Kajian Pragmatik).\u201d Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 6(1):42\u201356.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAlfayanti, Lerry, Suwandi Sarwiji, and Winarni Retno. 2016. \u201cPenggunaan Media Audio Visual Video Pembacaan Cerpen Bermuatan Budaya Nasional Indonesia Untuk Kompetensi Menelaah Karya Sastra Bagi Pemelajar BIPA.\u201d Pp. 624\u201329 in Education and Language International Conference Proceedings. Semarang: Internatinal Language Development of Unissula.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAustin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things With Words. New York: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tCreswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.<br \/>\r\n[6]\t Cruse, D. A. (2000). Meaning in Language An Introdction to Semantics and Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tDefina. 2018. \u201cTindak Tutur Ekspresif Pada Anak-Anak Saat Bermain Bola Di Lapangan.\u201d Ranah\u202f: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 7(1):69\u201385.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMahsun. (2012). Metode Penelitian Bahasa Tahapan Strategi, Metode dan Tekniknya. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMiles, M. B., &#038; Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Metods. London: Sage Publications.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMwadime, Gibran, Moses Odeo, Boniface Ngari, and Stephen Mutuvi. 2020. \u201cModeling Hate Speech Detection in Social Media Interactions Using Bert.\u201d VII(II):78\u201381.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tNoor, Muhammad Usman. 2018. \u201cPenilaian Kualitas Informasi Sebagai Bentuk Sikap Tabayyun Ketika Menerima Informasi Di Sosial Media Dan Internet.\u201d Bibliotika:Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan Dan Informasi 2(1):33\u201340.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tRamadhan, Naufal Hafidz and Dwi Estiningrum Sri. 2017. \u201cDampak Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Desa Sidomulyo Pagerwojo Tulungagung.\u201d Pp. 101\u20139 in Seminar Nasional Sistem Informasi. Malang: Fakultas Teknologi Informasi UNMER.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tVera, Nawiroh. 2016. \u201cMedia Sosial Dan Runtuhnya Etika Komunikasi (Studi Kasus Pada Akun Facebook Quraish Shihab Dan Anies-Sandy).\u201d Pp. 198\u2013205 in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Komunikasi.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tYule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Lisda Muhammad \u2018Afiif, Retno Winarni, Muhammad Rohmadi  &#8220;Insulting Act in Talk Show \u201cCoklat Kita Humor Sufi\u201d&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.222-225 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/222-225.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/222-225.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/insulting-act-in-talk-show-coklat-kita-humor-sufi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Insulting Act in Talk Show \u201cCoklat Kita Humor Sufi\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23840b8 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23840b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2384187 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2384187\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2384332\" data-id=\"2384332\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238445d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238445d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23844fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23844fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2384664\" data-id=\"2384664\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2384775 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2384775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Learning &#038; Demonstrating Phonetics of English in Indian Frame of Reference<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>D. Amani, K. Chandrakala, Rinki Sanyal &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 226-227<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238480f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238480f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238496a\" data-id=\"238496a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2384a96 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2384a96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The intelligibility of the variety of English spoken by Indians to the speakers of other varieties has become a big subject for both teachers and learners of English in India now. Pronunciation of English undoubtedly matters a great deal to demonstrating as well as learning in a country like India. Addressing this complex phenomenon of phonetics in terms of teaching is also equally complex. My experience as a learner and a teacher of phonetics has provided an impetus for this paper which helpfully suggests three crucial steps towards the betterment of pronunciation of English in the demonstrating and learning setting in India.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 226-227\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 05 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> D. Amani <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Science &#038; Humanities,  St. Martin\u2019s Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, India <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>K. Chandrakala <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Science &#038; Humanities,  St. Martin\u2019s Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, India <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Rinki Sanyal <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nAssistant Professor, Department of Science &#038; Humanities,  St. Martin\u2019s Engineering College, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, India <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> Reference are not available.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">D. Amani, K. Chandrakala, Rinki Sanyal  &#8220;Learning &#038; Demonstrating Phonetics of English in Indian Frame of Reference&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.226-227 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/226-227.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/226-227.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/learning-demonstrating-phonetics-of-english-in-indian-frame-of-reference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Learning &#038; Demonstrating Phonetics of English in Indian Frame of Reference<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238581a elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238581a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23858e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23858e7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2385a62\" data-id=\"2385a62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385b87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2385b87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2385c2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2385c2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2385d94\" data-id=\"2385d94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2385ea5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2385ea5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Analysis of Profitability and Constraints of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ayodele, J.T.,  Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F. and Yahaya, U.F. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 228-233<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2385f47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2385f47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23860b3\" data-id=\"23860b3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23861df elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"23861df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">This study analyse the profitability and constraints of maize production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Structured questionnaire was used to generate primary data for the study. Descriptive statistics, Net farm income analysis, and profitability ratios were employed in the analysis. Results revealed that majority of the respondents (99 %) were relatively young and fell within the active age (21 \u2013 60 years). Male respondents dominated maize production at 87 % and majorities (81%) of the farmers were married. Results further revealed that significant (71%) number of the respondents had below 11 inhabitants in their households. Educationally, 51 % of respondents had post primary education. The net farm income per hectare was N74,606.40 and gross income of N132,000.00 were obtained per hectare of maize cultivated with a return on capital invested determined at 0.57 implying that for every naira invested, the farmers makes 57 kobo (N0.57)and the gross ratio was calculated at 0.47  indicating that total farm costs was about 47% of the gross income  which shows that maize production is a viable, beneficial  and profitable enterprise in the  study area. Major constraints faced by the farmers were poor transportation, high cost of hired labour, lack of extension services and inadequate supply of agrochemicals and fertilizer,   incidence of pests and diseases infestation plus inadequate capital and credit facilities.   Despite these constraints, the farmers were still able to made profit. Therefore, maize production could be one of the poverty alleviating enterprise in the study area. It is recommended that: credit  facilities should be provided so that farmers can have fund to purchase farm inputs such as fertilizer,  pesticides and insectices to combat problem of pests and diseases infestation identified, improve varieties of maize should be developed and made available to the farmers so that their yield can be improved and farmers should form themselves into cooperative society so that they can pool their resources together in getting adequate funds to finance maize production activities.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 228-233\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ayodele, J.T. <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ijah, A.A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ishola, B.F.  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Yahaya, U.F.  <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nFederal College of Forestry Mechanization, Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAlabi J, Musa, D.and Filein, W. (2005). Seed Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: issues and options. The World Bank Discussion paper 266: The World Bank, Washington D.C USA.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAyodele, J.T.(2019). Determinants and Resource Use Efficiency of Groundnut Production in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |Volume IV, Issue VII,Pp  81 \u2013 85.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBernard, C. H. (2003). Economic Analysis of Cassava-based Cropping in Crude Oil Producing Area: A Case Study of River State Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, submitted to the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. Pp 38-41. <\/p>\r\n<p>[4]\tEttah, O. I., Ettah, G. I., Ukwuaba, I. C. (2018). Analysis of Profitability in Maize Production in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria.  International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations  Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pp 159-163.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tFood and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). (2014). Food Outlook; Global Market Analysis. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tGirei, A. A. , Saingbe, N. D ., Ohen, S. B and Umar, K. O. (2018). Economics of Small-Scale Maize Production in Toto Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, vol. 18 No. 1, Pp 90 \u2013 104<br \/>\r\n[7]\tInternational Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (2008). Increasing maize production in West Africa. http:\/\/www.iita.org\/cms\/details\/newssummary.aspx<br \/>\r\n[8]\tKaine A.I.N. (2016).  Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Aniocha North Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.  International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Management,  Volume 6, Number 1, Pp 9-20<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMurtala.F, Ocra, V.K, I.C. Dehimini, R.A Asuboah and E.AAsuedu (2004), seed Management Manual to Ghana, Mofa, Accra, Chanu, Loaf.3(1).pp30-41.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tOdusanya, R, (2018). Maize Production in Nigeria: Is it profitable in 2018? https:\/\/ www. Legit.ng\/author\/racheal-odusanya.html. Accessed 4th March, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tLamba, C., Taru, V.B., Otitujo, M.A. and Tumba, A. (2016). Profitability of Maize production in Yola North Local Government Area of Adamawa State.Scientia Agriculturae, 13 (3), 119-125. Retrieved from www.pscipub.com (DOI:10.15192\/PSCP.SA.2016.13.3.119125.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tOye, A.O. (2016).  Analysis of Resourse Use Efficiency and Profitability of Maize Production n Some Selected Agricultural Zones of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc.  Thesis, submitted to the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tPrathyusha, C., Hemalatha, S. and Sharana, B. (2013). Growth and productivity of speciality corn as influenced by different levels of nitrogen under Pongamia Plantations. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 4(4).<br \/>\r\n[14]\tSadiq, M.S., Yakassai, M.T., Ahmad, M.M., Lakpene, T.Y., and Abubakar, M. (2013). Profitability and Production Efficiency of Small-Scale Maize Production in Niger State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics(IOSR-JAP),3(4):19 \u2013 23.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tTaru, V.B., Kyagya, I.Z., Mshelia, S.I., and Adebayo, E.F.(2008). Economic Efficiency of Resource Use in Groundnut Production in Adamawa State of Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4: 896 \u2013 900.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ayodele, J.T.,  Ijah, A.A., Ishola, B.F. and Yahaya, U.F.  &#8220;Analysis of Profitability and Constraints of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.228-233 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/228-233.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/228-233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/analysis-of-profitability-and-constraints-of-maize-production-in-chikun-local-government-area-of-kaduna-state-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Analysis of Profitability and Constraints of Maize Production in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2386f95 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2386f95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2387061 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2387061\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23871d0\" data-id=\"23871d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23872ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23872ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238738a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238738a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23874fb\" data-id=\"23874fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2387613 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2387613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Western Education and the British Invasion and Subjugation of the Muslim Land in Northern Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba Mu\u1e25ammad &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 234-238<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23876be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23876be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238782e\" data-id=\"238782e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2387969 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2387969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">By 1902 western European Colonists in northern Nigeria formed an alliance with the church to establish Christian oriented schools, which were used for the conversion of Muslims and Animists, and equally serve as way of extracting minerals resources of the northern Nigeria.  This paper presented research on \u201cWestern education and the British invasion and subjugation of the Muslims land in Northern Nigeria\u201d. The paper employed analytical and historical research methods, moreover it analyzed how the school subjects of standard I-VI operated at that time, and it equally identified and determined the invasion of various caliphs and Emirs within the Territories of northern Nigeria. The research findings identified that Islamic scholars should come up with some modalities that can improves student\u2019s habit of reading history and events of such nature. The paper recommends that stakeholders and the Muslims organizations must steadfast in organizing conferences, seminar and symposium in memorizing sets of impacts led down by the colonial masters in the history of education in northern Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 234-238\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 06 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba Mu\u1e25ammad <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Education, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]\tC.M.S (2013), Executive committee minutes, Lokoja,   Northern Nigeria,     \tNo, 33<br \/>\r\n[2]\tFafunwa , A. (2004), History of Education in Nigeria, Trusthouse Babangida, Ibadan, Rep.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tG.I.C Eluwa, et al, (2005), A history of Nigeria, for schools and colleges,Africana1st            publishers limited, App.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tOgbu Kalu, (1978), Christianity in West Africa, The Nigerian story, Ibadan daystar press.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tRole of missionaries in colonization of Africa, https:\/\/www.globalkhistory.com\/2012\/10\/role-of- missionaries-in-colonization<br \/>\r\n[6]\t Sonia, F. Graham, (2013), reviewed, Government and mission Education in Nigeria, with \tspecial reference to the work of Hanns Vischer, Ibadan University press. Web, access \tdate on sept. 2013.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tThe British Empire in Africa, http:\/\/ www. Britishempire.co.uk\/mapoo\/Africa.htm<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba Mu\u1e25ammad  &#8220;Western Education and the British Invasion and Subjugation of the Muslim Land in Northern Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.234-238 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/234-238.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/234-238.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/western-education-and-the-british-invation-and-subjugation-of-the-muslim-land-in-northern-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Western Education and the British Invasion and Subjugation of the Muslim Land in Northern Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388726 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2388726\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23887ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23887ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388969\" data-id=\"2388969\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388a85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2388a85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2388b20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2388b20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388c85\" data-id=\"2388c85\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2388da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A review: Part VII<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ashraf Elfasakhany &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 239-247<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2388e41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2388e41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2388fe2\" data-id=\"2388fe2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2389148 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2389148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">A brief summary of different patents for CAN crusher machines are presented in the current study. This work is very useful for researchers and inventors for CAN crusher machines to obtain such work. The study gives a summary of about forty seven patents, however, complete descriptions for every patent  is to be presented in a separate study.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 239-247\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ashraf Elfasakhany <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Taif University, KSA<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tL. Tao, N. Berge, A. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cExperimental and Numerical Studies of A Pulverised Wood Flame\u201d, 6th Europ. Conf. on Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, Portugal, 2002.<br \/>\r\n[2].\tA. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cSimulation of Wood Powder Flames in a Vertical Furnace\u201d 3rd Medit. Combustion Symposium, Marrakech, p. 144, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[3].\tA. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, B. Espenas, L. Tao, J. Larfeldt, \u201cEffect of Moisture and Volatile Releases on Motion of Pulverised Wood Particles\u201d, 7th  Int. Conf. on Energy for a Clean Environment, Lisbon, Portugal, p. 167, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[4].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Modeling of Pulverised Wood Flames&#8221;, PhD Thesis, fluid mechanics dept., Lund, Sweden, ISBN-13\/EAN: 9789162864255, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[5].\tA. Elfasakhany, X.S. Bai, \u201cModeling of Pulverised Wood Combustion: A Comparison of Different Models\u201d, Prog. Comp. Fluid Dynamics (PCFD), Scopus, ISI , Vol. 6, No. 4\/5, p. 188\u2013199, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[6].\tA. Elfasakhany, T. Klason ,X.S. Bai, \u201cModeling of Pulverised Wood Combustion Using a Functional Group Model\u201d, Combustion Theory and Modeling, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 12, 5, 883\u2013904, 2008.<br \/>\r\n[7].\tA. Elfasakhany, E.Y. Rezola, K.B. Qui\u00f1ones, R.S. S\u00e1nc, &#8220;Design and Development of a Competitive Low-cost Robot Arm with Four Degrees of Freedom&#8221;, Modern Mechanical Eng, vol. 1, 47\u201355, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[8].\tA. Elfasakhany, J. Hern\u00e1ndez, J. C. Garc\u00eda, M. Reyes, F. Martell, &#8220;Design and Development of House-Mobile Security System&#8221;, Engineering, vol. 3, 1213\u20131224, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[9].\tA. Elfasakhany, A. Arrieta, D. M. Ram\u00edrez, F. Rodr\u00edguez, &#8220;Design and Development of an Autonomous Trash Sorting System&#8221;. Global J. of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tech., vol. 01i3, 56\u201364, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[10].\tA. Elfasakhany, L. Tao, B. Espenas, J. Larfeldt, X.S. Bai &#8220;Pulverised Wood Combustion in a Vertical Furnace: Experimental and Computational Analyses&#8221; International Conference of Applied Energy, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[11].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Improving Performance and Development of Two-Stage Reciprocating Compressors&#8221; Int. J. of Advanced Research in Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 2, 119\u2013136, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[12].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Modeling of Secondary Reactions of Tar (SRT) Using a Functional Group Model&#8221; Int. J. of Mech. Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 3, 123\u2013136, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[13].\tA. Elfasakhany, J. A. Alarc\u00f3n, D. O. S. Montes &#8221; Design and Development of an Automotive Vertical Doors Opening System (AVDOS)&#8221; Int. J. of Advanced Research in Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, 176\u2013186, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[14].\tAshraf Elfasakhany, Jaime Luis Jim\u00e9nez, Iv\u00e1n Arturo Renter\u00eda, Juan Manuel Rubio, Wilians Damian Ricardez &#8220;Design, Development, Testing and Validation of an Automower Machine&#8221; Int. J. of Applied Mechanics and Physics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1\u201315, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[15].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigation on performance and emissions characteristics of an internal combustion engine fuelled with petroleum gasoline and a hybrid methanol\u2013gasoline fuel&#8221; Int. J. of Eng. Tech. (IJET-IJENS) Vol.13 No:05, 24\u201343, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[16].\tA. Elfasakhany, L. Tao, B. Espenas, J. Larfeldt, X.S. Bai &#8220;Pulverised Wood Combustion in a Vertical Furnace: Experimental and Computational Analyses&#8221; Applied Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 112, 454\u2013464, 2013.<br \/>\r\n[17].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;The Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engines&#8221; Int. J. of Automotive Eng., Vol. 4, No. 1, 608\u2013620, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[18].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline\/n-butanol blends&#8221; Energy Conversion Manage, Elsevier, Vol. 88, 277\u2013283, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[19].\tA. Elfasakhany, L.X. Tao, X.S. Bai &#8220;Transport of pulverized wood particles in turbulent flow: numerical and experimental studies&#8221; Energy Procedia, Elsevier, Vol. 61, 1540\u20131543, 2014.<br \/>\r\n[20].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental investigation on SI engine using gasoline and a hybrid iso-butanol\/gasoline fuel&#8221; Energy Conversion and Management, Elsevier, Vol.  95, 398\u2013405, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[21].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigations on the effects of ethanol-methanol-gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine: performance and emissions analysis&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Elsevier, Vol.  18, 713\u2013719, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[22].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions&#8221; Fuel, Elsevier, Vol. 163, 166\u2013174, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[23].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance and emissions analysis on using acetone\u2013gasoline fuel blends in spark ignition engine&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Elsevier, Vol. 19, 1224\u20131232, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[24].\tA. Elfasakhany, T. K. Kassem, A.-F. Mahrous, K. K. Matrawy &#8221; Study of heat storage using of PCM in solar distiller&#8221; WULFENIA, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 23, No. 5, 19\u201331, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[25].\tA. Elfasakhany, A.-F. Mahrous &#8220;Performance and emissions assessment of n-butanol\u2013methanol\u2013gasoline blends as a fuel in spark-ignition engines&#8221; Alexandria Engineering J., Elsevier, Vol. 55, 3015\u20133024, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[26].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance assessment and productivity of a simple-type solar still integrated with nanocomposite energy storage system&#8221; Applied Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 183, 399\u2013407, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[27].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Engine performance evaluation and pollutant emissions analysis using ternary bio-ethanol\u2013iso-butanol\u2013gasoline blends in gasoline engines&#8221; Cleaner Production, Elsevier, Vol. 139, 1057\u20131067, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[28].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Performance and emissions of spark-ignition engine using ethanol\u2013methanol\u2013gasoline, n-butanol\u2013iso-butanol\u2013gasoline and iso-butanol\u2013ethanol\u2013gasoline blends: a comparative study&#8221; Engineering Science Technology, Elsevier, Vol. 19, 2053\u20132059, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[29].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol\u2013, iso-butanol\u2013, ethanol\u2013, methanol\u2013, and acetone\u2013gasoline blends: a comparative study&#8221; Renewable &#038; Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier , Vol. 71,  404\u2013413, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[30].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8221; Design, analysis and optimization of the tail bearing housing of jet engine&#8221; J. Advances in Vehicle Engineering, Canada, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 3, 99\u2013111. 2017.<br \/>\r\n[31].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8221; Reducing automobile pollutant emissions and re\u2212using some of such emissions as a fuel&#8221; Ci\u00eancia e T\u00e9cnica J., Portugal, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 32, Issue 11, 160\u2013176, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[32].\tM. M. Bassuoni, A. Elfasakhany, K. K. Matrawy, A-F. Mahrous &#8220;Applying a hybrid air conditioning system for reducing energy consumption inside buildings using a desiccant cycle regenerated with solar energy&#8221; Ci\u00eancia e T\u00e9cnica J., Portugal, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 33, Issue 2, 54\u201370, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[33].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8221; Exhaust emissions and performance of ternary iso-butanol\u2013bio-methanol\u2013gasoline and n-butanol\u2013bio-ethanol\u2013gasoline fuel blends in spark-ignition engines: assessment and comparison&#8221; Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 158, 830\u2013844, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[34].\tKh. Abdel-Aziz, Abo El-Nasr A. A., A. Elfasakhany, D. Saber, and M. Helal &#8220;Influence of casting mould wall thickness on the properties and microstructure of A356 alloy reinforced with micro\/nanoalumina particles&#8221; Arctic Journal, Canada, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 71, 26\u201339, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[35].\tA. Elfasakhany, \u201cPowder biomass fast pyrolysis as in combustion conditions: Numerical prediction and validation\u201d, Renewable Energy Focus, Elsevier, Vol. 27, 78-87, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[36].\tA. Elfasakhany, M. M. Bassuoni, B. Saleh,  M. Alsehli, Ayman A. Aly \u201cBiomass powder as a renewable fuel for internal combustion engines\u201d Arctic Journal, Canada, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 71, 42\u201352, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[37].\tA. Elfasakhany, X. S. Bai, \u201cNumerical and experimental studies of irregular-shape biomass particle motions in turbulent flows\u201d, Engineering Science Technology, Elsevier, Vol. 22, 249\u2013265, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[38].\tB. Saleh,  Ayman A. Aly, M. M. Bassuoni, M. Alsehli, A. Elfasakhany, Khaled I.E. Ahmed \u201cPerformance assessment of an integrated desiccant air conditioning system powered by solar energy using back propagation artificial neural network\u201d Arctic Journal, Canada, Scopus, ISI , Vol. 72, issue 3, 1\u201318, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[39].\tA. Elfasakhany \u201cAdjustable throat-area expansion valves used in automotive air conditioning systems: A mini review\u201d International J. of Automotive Eng., Vol. 9, No. 1, 2868-2875, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[40].\tA. Elfasakhany \u201cTire pressure checking framework: a review study\u201d Reliability Engineering and Resilience, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 12\u201328, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[41].\tAA Aly, B Saleh, MM Bassuoni, M Alsehli, A Elfasakhany, KIE Ahmed \u201cArtificial neural network model for performance evaluation of an integrated desiccant air conditioning system activated by solar energy\u201d AIMS Energy, Scopus, 7(3): 395\u2013412, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[42].\tB Saleh, AA Aly, M Alsehli, MM Bassuoni, A Elfasakhany \u201cPerformance investigation of a solar-driven ejector refrigeration cycle\u201d World Journal of Engineering, Scopus, 16\/5 (2019) 625\u2013635, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[43].\tA. Elfasakhany \u201cHow Evaporator of Automotive Air Conditioner is Modelled? A Systematic Review\u201d Applications of Modeling and Simulation (AMS), VOL 4(1), 64\u201370, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[44].\tM. Alsehli, B. Saleh, A. Elfasakhany, Ayman A. Aly and M. M. Bassuoni \u201cExperimental study of a novel solar multi-effect distillation unit using alternate storage tanks\u201d Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, ISI, In press, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[45].\tAshraf Elfasakhany, Mishal Alsehli, Bahaa Saleh, Ayman A. Aly, Mohamed Bassuoni \u201cRenewable Pulverized Biomass Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines\u201d Processes, ISI, Vol. 8 (4), 465, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[46].\tAshraf Elfasakhany \u201cGasoline engine fueled with bioethanol-bio-acetone-gasoline blends: Performance and emissions exploration\u201d Fuel, Elsevier, Vol. 274, 117825, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[47].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Alcohols as Fuels in Spark Ignition Engines: Second Blended Generation&#8221; Germany, ISBN: 978-3-659-97691-9, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[48].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Benefits and drawbacks on the use biofuels in spark ignition engines&#8221; Mauritius, ISBN: 978-620-2-05720-2, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[49].\tA. Elfasakhany, J. Marquez, E.Y. Rezola, J. Benitez &#8220;Design and Development of an Economic Autonomous Beverage Cans Crusher&#8221; Int. J. of Mech. Eng. Tech. Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 107\u2013122, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[50].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;A new Patent of Beverage Cans Crusher Machine\u201d Current Alternative Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 123\u2013131, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[51].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part I&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 62\u201369, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[52].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part II)\u201d, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.7, No. 2, pp. 76\u201382, 2018.<br \/>\r\n[53].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review Part (III)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1\u20137, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[54].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part IV)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 11\u201317, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[55].\tA. Elfasakhany &#8220;Beverage Can Crusher Machine Patents: A Review (Part V)&#8221;, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 31\u201338, 2019.<br \/>\r\n[56].\tA. Elfasakhany \u201cBeverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A Review: Part VI\u201d Journal of Environmental and Soil Sciences, 4(3): 511\u2013518, 2020.<br \/>\r\n[57].\tA. Elfasakhany, Beverage cans crusher machine, Patent number: 4610, Jan 10, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[58].\tR. D. Young, Apparatus for handling compactible articles, Patent number: 4703611, November 3, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[59].\tR. F. Gardner, Process for crushing cans, Patent number: 4700950, October 20, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[60].\tW. J. Van Buskirk, Press for compacting small scale objects, Patent number: 4696227, September 29, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[61].\tF. Picker, Remotely controlled multishaped container compacting press, Patent number: 4685391, August 11, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[62].\tE. C. Bramblett, W. E. Clem, Can crusher, Patent number: 4682539, July 28, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[63].\tH. R. Newsom, M. W. Lockman, Apparatus for compacting low density articles, , Patent number: 4669375, June 2, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[64].\tF. R. Kennedy, Can crushing machine, Patent number: 4667593, May 26, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[65].\t N. V. Reinfeld, Apparatus for processing and recovery of the metal containers from trash, Patent number: 4667832, May 26, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[66].\tA. A. Hampson, B. M. Hampson, S. R. Aldrich, L. J. Robie, Reverse vending machine, Patent number: 4653627, March 31, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[67].\tS. Fowler, Aluminum can compactor and method, Patent number: 4653398, March 31, 1987.<br \/>\r\n[68].\tH. C. Meier, Apparatus for crushing cans, Patent number: 4606265, August 19, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[69].\tJ. A. Hyman, Combination can crushing and exercising means, Patent number: 4606266, August 19, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[70].\tC. M. Davis, R. M. Davis, Can-baling machine, Patent number: 4601238, July 22, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[71].\tR. C. Johnson, R. M. Johnson, H. Jankowiak, T. J. Morley, R. P. Dingwall, H. R. Heimerich, Apparatus for crushing containers, Patent number: 4599941, July 15, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[72].\tR. F. Gardner, Impact crushing device, Patent number: 4597327, July 1, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[73].\tB. H. De Woolfson, D. J. Smith, Returnable container redemption method, Patent number: 4579216, April 1, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[74].\tS. A. Jarrett, J. F. Krzyston,  Method and apparatus for recycling cans, Patent number: 4576289, March 18, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[75].\tR. D. Morlock, Can crushing machine, Patent number: 4573405, March 4, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[76].\tR. N. Dodd, Electrically actuated can crusher, Patent number: 4570536, February 18, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[77].\tD. R. Woods, Apparatus for unscrewing jar lids and crushing aluminum cans, Patent number: 4569281, February 11, 1986.<br \/>\r\n[78].\tV. L. Ader, Implement for flattening cylindrically shaped containers, Patent number: 4561351, December 31, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[79].\tF. C. Snoe, G. Spector, Soft drink can crusher, Patent number: 4561350, December 31, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[80].\tR. L. LaBarge, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, F. J. Horansky, C. J. Leftault, E. E. Pohlenz, T. W. Scherf, Apparatus for passive analysis of containers to determine acceptability for recycling, Patent number: 4558775, December 17, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[81].\tJ. C. Zimmer, Apparatus for compacting refuse with stabilizers, Patent number: 4554868, November 26, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[82].\tS. Trolle, Device for sorting and compressing packagings, principally beverage cans, in several stages, Patent number: 4550658, November 5, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[83].\tS. Trolle, Apparatus for sorting packagings such as cans based on the material thereof, Patent number: 4542689, September 24, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[84].\tP. Bohan, Container disposal apparatus, Patent number: 4542688, September 24, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[85].\tF. J. Horansky, E. D. Arndt, Method of forming compressed biscuit having a beveled edge and groove for insertion of strapping means, Patent number: 4541332, September 17, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[86].\tJ. G. Vandenbergh, Drink can measuring and can crushing device, Patent number: 4538459, September 3, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[87].\tS. Solordal, Method for identification of metal boxes or cans and an apparatus for carrying out said method, Patent number: 4532859, August 6, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[88].\tP. D. Gisselberg, Can crusher, Patent number: 4532861, August 6, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[89].\tR. L. La Barge, T. W. Scherf, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, F. J. Horansky, C. J. Leftault, E. E. Pohlenz, Apparatus for processing used containers having improved crusher means, Patent number: 4526096, July 2, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[90].\tC. D. Cound, Feed mechanism for apparatus for evacuating and compacting aerosol cans, Patent number: 4526097, July 2, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[91].\tG. Schmidt, W. Kohlpoth, Apparatus for compacting bioinjurious wastes, Patent number: 4524048, June 18, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[92].\tR. L. La Barge, C. J. Leftault, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, F. J. Horansky, E. E. Pohlenz, T. W. Scherf,  Container recycling apparatus using scanning means to read code markings on containers, Patent number: 4519307, May 28, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[93].\tR. L. LaBarge, J. D. Green, E. D. Arndt, F. J. Horansky, R. G. Hawkins, C. J. Leftault, E. E. Pohlenz, T. W. Scherf,  Process for recycling containers, Patent number: 4519306, May 28, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[94].\tD. D. Meisner, Universal can crusher, Patent number: 4517892, May 21, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[95].\tJ. A. Ballo, Apparatus for crushing articles, Patent number: 4516489, May 14, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[96].\tR. L. La Barge, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, F. J. Horansky, C. J. Leftault, E. E. Pohlenz, T.. Scherf, Apparatus for processing recyclable containers, Patent number: 4512253, April 23, 1985<br \/>\r\n[97].\tR. L. LaBarge, F. J. Horansky, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, C. J. Leftault, E. E. Pohlenz, T. W. Scherf, Container recycling apparatus having shock mounted manually rotatable carrier, Patent number: 4510857, April 16, 1985<br \/>\r\n[98].\tR. L. LaBarge, E. E. Pohlenz, E. D. Arndt, J. D. Green, R. G. Hawkins, F. J. Horansky, C. J. Leftault, T. W. Scherf, Latching mechanism for manually rotatable carrier in apparatus for processing recyclable containers, Patent number: 4510860, April 16, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[99].\tG. F. Swenck, Method for recycling cans, Patent number: 4505370, March 19, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[100].\tS. H. Johansson, J. K. C. Gustavsson, Device for compressing in particular aluminum cans, Patent number: 4501198, February 26, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[101].\tW. J. Tuten, K. D. Crosby, Selective scrap metal collection apparatus, Patent number: 4499984, February 19, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[102].\tB. Elwing, P. Foldi, G. Holmberg, Machine for crushing cylindrical aluminium cans for beer, soft drinks etc., Patent number: 4499824, February 19, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[103].\tN. G. Manley, Can crusher, Patent number: 4498385, February 12, 1985.<br \/>\r\n[104].\tB. H. De Woolfson, Automated redemption center for metal containers, Patent number: 4492295, January 8, 1985.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ashraf Elfasakhany  &#8220;Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A review: Part VII&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.239-247 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/239-247.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/239-247.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/beverage-cans-crusher-machine-patents-a-review-part-vii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Beverage Cans Crusher Machine Patents: A review: Part VII<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2389f6f elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2389f6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238a062 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238a062\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238a20e\" data-id=\"238a20e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238a341 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238a341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238a3f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238a3f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238a5aa\" data-id=\"238a5aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238a6d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238a6d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Reformation of Islamic Education and the Methodology of Qur\u2019\u0101nic School System in Nigeria From (1934)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Dr. Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba, Mu\u1e25ammad, Dr. Shu\u2019aibu Musa Hardo &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 248-252<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238a778 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238a778\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238a90c\" data-id=\"238a90c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238aa44 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238aa44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Islamic education aims at training the learners in such a manner that in their attitudes, actions, decisions to life and approach to all kinds of knowledge to be completely governed by the spiritual and the ethical values of Islam. This paper seeks to highlights the reform process of Islamic education through the examples of some Muslims intellectuals. The paper explains how the objectives and philosophy of education differ from materialistic and self-centered based western system of education. The paper draws on the most important stages of the early Qur\u2019\u0101nic school system which contains various steps that includes reading skills, features and characters of the Qur\u2019\u0101n. The approach of the paper is significance because it analyzed how a Qur\u2019\u0101nic secondary stage has a much broader and deeper curriculum. The paper recommends authority of tertiary institutions should liaise with stakeholders and Islamic educators and religious leaders to demand government legislation regarding Islamic education in Nigeria.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 248-252\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba, Mu\u1e25ammad<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Education,   Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Dr. Shu\u2019aibu Musa Hardo<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts and Education,   Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"> [1]\tAl- Shayzari, Education in historyEgypt   Today   Staff.    https:\/\/  www.egypttaday.com. \tArticle(2017).<br \/>\r\n[2]\tFafunwa, A. B, History of Education in TrusthouseBabangidaWay  IbadanNigeria.\tEducation publishers Limited, Reprinted, (2004),<br \/>\r\n[3]\tGarba, M. M. PhD. Unpublished Thesis, The Impact of Western and Secularism on the \tMuslims of Northern Nigeria, University of Bukht-al-Ruda Deanship of Post \tGraduate Studies and Scientific Research, Faculty of Arts Eduwem Sudan. (2015).<br \/>\r\n[4]\tIbn Rajab, Jami\u2019Al-UlumWal-Hikam, A Collection of Knowledge &#038; Wisdom, Al- Qura, Al-\tmansura, (Egypt: publishing &#038; Distribution: 2002), 130.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tMaghrib Script, 13th century north and west Africa, Islamic Art, Qur\u2019\u0101nkarim, Islam \tcalligraphy. https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pm<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMuhammad D. S.The conception and implementation of A social Bayero University \tKano, Nigeria.(1992).<br \/>\r\n[7]\tRosenthal Franz, Complete Dictionary ofBiography, Encyclopedia, http\/\/en.wikipedia.org.\/wiki.ibnkhaldum. (2008).<br \/>\r\n[8]\tSyed Pheerisdaody, M.Al- Ghazali\u2019s Philosophy of Educationhttp\/\/www.acdemic.edu\/\t(2015).<br \/>\r\n[9]\tYusuf Ali, A. The Holy Qur\u2019\u0101n Text, Translation and Commentary, Kingdom, Islamic \tFoundation, London Road, U.K. Leicester, (1975).<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Dr. Mu\u1e63\u1e6dapha Garba, Mu\u1e25ammad, Dr. Shu\u2019aibu Musa Hardo  &#8220;The Reformation of Islamic Education and the Methodology of Qur\u2019\u0101nic School System in Nigeria From (1934)&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.248-252 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/248-252.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/248-252.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-reformation-of-islamic-education-and-the-methodology-of-quranic-school-system-in-nigeria-from-1934\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Reformation of Islamic Education and the Methodology of Qur\u2019\u0101nic School System in Nigeria From (1934)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238b8e9 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238b8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238b9b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238b9b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238bb22\" data-id=\"238bb22\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238bc5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238bc5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238bd0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238bd0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238be70\" data-id=\"238be70\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238bfac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238bfac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>The Impact of Islamic Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation in Mogadishu-Somalia<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ismail Abdulnasir Garane, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 253-262<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238c053 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238c053\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238c1f5\" data-id=\"238c1f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238c346 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238c346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Islamic microfinance has stayed as a valuable way to deal with poverty alleviation, particularly in a developed nation. The services gave by the Islamic microfinance institutions could assist the poor with adjusting their costs, improve their dangers hunger, bit by bit develop capital, grow their businesses, and improve their nature of lives. All things considered, this study inspects the roles of Islamic microfinance in reducing poverty in Mogadishu, Somalia. Primary data was gathered using a simple random sampling technique; in view of this sampling method, questionnaires were self-managed to microfinance customers in rural area of Mogadishu, Somalia. Out of 300 polls conveyed, 288 properly finished were used for the analyses performed for this examination. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programming was used to analyse the data gathered to determine the relationships between funding satisfaction and poverty alleviation, standard of living of microfinance clients and poverty alleviation, and awareness of microfinance experience and poverty alleviation. The outcomes uncover that all independent variables employed in this study positively contributed to poverty decrease.  As far as individual commitment, awareness of the microfinance experience was seen as the most significant factor that contributed to poverty mitigation, while funding satisfaction was minimal contribution to poverty alleviation in Mogadishu, Somalia. In light of these findings, implications of the study, recommendations, and proposals for future research were discussed.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 253-262\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 07 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ismail Abdulnasir Garane<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia <\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Al-Madina International University, Kualalumpur-Malaysia <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAbdelkader, I. Ben, &#038; Salem, A. Ben. (2013). Islamic Vs Conventional Microfinance Institutions: Performance Analysis in MENA Countries. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 3(5), 219\u2013233. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.18533\/Ijbsr.V3i5.21<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbdo, M. M. (2018). Efficiency Of The Banking Sector In Sudan\u202f: A Review Paper. 11(March), 1\u20134. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.5897\/KUJMS2018.0004<br \/>\r\n[3]\tAbiodun, A. (2009). Islamic Microfinance In The Contemporary World\u202f: A Survey Of Its Prospects And.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAbu-Hadi, A. O. (2013). The Accessibility Of Microfinance For Small Businesses In Mogadishu , Somalia Department Of Business Administration Ali Yassin Sheikh Ali- Phd . Candidate Sudan University Of Science And Technology. 3(11), 172\u2013180.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tAddae-Korankye, A. (2012). Microfinance: A Tool For Poverty Reduction? Journal Of Business And Retail Management Research, 7(1), 138\u2013150.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tAfdb, OECD, &#038; UNDP. (2017). African Economical Outlook 2017: Entrepreneurship And Industrialization. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/Http:\/\/Dx.Doi.Org\/10.1787\/Aeo-2017-En<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAfrican Development Bank. (2014). Annual Report 2013. Melbourne: VARTA.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tAfrican Development Bank Group. (2016). AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP Annual Report 2015. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.2307\/3395557<br \/>\r\n[9]\tAkhter, W., Akhtar, N., &#038; Jaffri, S. K. A. (2009). Islamic Micro-Finance And Poverty Alleviation: A Case Of Pakistan. Proceeding 2nd CBRC, 1\u20138.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tAkpinar, P. (2013). Turkey\u2019s Peacebuilding In Somalia: The Limits Of Humanitarian Diplomacy. Turkish Studies, 14(4), 735\u2013757. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1080\/14683849.2013.863448<br \/>\r\n[11]\tAllen, &#038; Llp, O. (2009). Islamic Microfinance Report. \u201c International Technical And Economical Co-Operation \u201d Faculty Of Business Administration Islamic Microfinance, (February), 1\u201330. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/91682-00001 BK:10587484.3<br \/>\r\n[12]\tAlshebami, A. S., &#038; Khandare, M. (2014). Microfinance In Yemen &Quot; Challenges And Opportunities. IJMSS International Serial Directories International Journal In Management And Social Science, 2(12), 400\u2013413.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tAwan, A. G. (2009). Proceedings 2. COMPARISON OF ISLAMIC AND CONVENTIONAL BANKING IN PAKISTAN Abdul, 2009(2000), 1\u201336.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tBalkenhol, N., Gugerli, F., Cushman, S. A., Waits, L. P., Coulon, A., Arntzen, J. W., \u2026 Wasserman, T. (2009). Identifying Future Research Needs In Landscape Genetics: Where To From Here? Landscape Ecology, 24(4), 455\u2013463. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1007\/S10980-009-9334-Z<br \/>\r\n[15]\tBerger, A. N., &#038; Humphrey, D. B. (1997). Efficiency Of Financial Lnstitutions: International Survev And Directions For Future Researc H. European Journal Of Operational Research, 98(2), 175\u2013212. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1016\/S0377-2217(96)00342-6<br \/>\r\n[16]\tBrau, J. C., &#038; Fawcett, S. E. (2016). American Finance Association Initial Public Offerings\u202f: An Analysis Of Theory And Practice Published By\u202f: Wiley For The American Finance Association Stable URL\u202f: Http:\/\/Www.Jstor.Org\/Stable\/3699345 Your Use Of The JSTOR Archive Indicates Your Acceptance O. 61(1), 399\u2013436.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tCharnes, A., Cooper, W. W., &#038; Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring The Efficiency Of Decision Making Units. European Journal Of Operational Research, 2(6), 429\u2013444. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1016\/0377-2217(78)90138-8<br \/>\r\n[18]\tChowdhury, A. (2010). Microfinance As A Poverty Reduction Tool\u2014A Critical Assessment. Working Papers, (February).<br \/>\r\n[19]\tCoelli, T. J., &#038; Battese, G. E. (1996). Identification Of Factors Which Influence The Technical Inefficiency Of Indian Farmers. Australian Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 40(2), 103\u2013128. 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J., Fay, D., &#038; Van Dick, R. (2010). The Link Between Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment: Differences Between Public And Private Sector Employees. International Public Management Journal, 13(2), 177\u2013196. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1080\/10967491003756682<br \/>\r\n[38]\tMasyita, D., &#038; Ahmed, H. (2011). Why Is Growth Of Islamic Microfinance Lower Than Conventional\u202f? A Comparative Study Of The Preferences And Perceptions Of The Clients Of Islamic And Conventional Microfinance Institutions \u2019 In Indonesia. 8th International Conference On Islamic Economics And Finance, 1\u201322.<br \/>\r\n[39]\tMicroned. (2010). Trends In Microfinance 2010 &#8211; 2015. (May 2009).<br \/>\r\n[40]\tMirghani, M., Mohammed, M., Bhuiyan, A. B., &#038; Siwar, C. (2011). Islamic Microcredit And Poverty Alleviation In The Muslim World\u202f: Prospects And Challenges. Australian Journal Of Basic And Applied Sciences, 7(9), 620\u2013626.<br \/>\r\n[41]\tMohamed, A., &#038; Ahmed, D. (2015). The Challenges Facing Microfinance Institutions In Poverty Eradication\u202f: A Case Study In Mogadishu. International Journal Of Humanities Social Sciences And Education (IJHSSE), 2(2), 56\u201362.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tMohammed, A. D., &#038; Hasan, Z. (2008). Microfinance In Nigeria And The Prospects Of Introducing Its Islamic Version There In The Light Of Selected Muslim Countries\u2019Experience. Mpra, (8287), 1\u201318. Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000349921.14519.2A<br \/>\r\n[43]\tMokhtarian, E., &#038; Lindgren, A. B. (2017). Rise Of The Crypto Hedge Fund: Operational Issues And Best Practices For Institutional Cryptocurrency Trading. Stanford Journal Of Law, Business, And Finance, (Ii), 34.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tMorduch, J., &#038; Haley, B. (2002). Analysis Of The Effects Of Microfinance On Poverty Reduction Analysis Of The Effects Of Microfinance On Poverty Reduction. NYU Wagner &#8211; Working Papers Series, 1\u2013163. 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Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ismail Abdulnasir Garane, Abdoul Rahman Mhd Ramez Al Jounaidi  &#8220;The Impact of Islamic Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation in Mogadishu-Somalia&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.253-262 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/253-262.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/253-262.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/the-impact-of-islamic-microfinance-institutions-on-poverty-alleviation-in-mogadishu-somalia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>The Impact of Islamic Microfinance Institutions on Poverty Alleviation in Mogadishu-Somalia<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d1ca elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238d1ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238d298 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238d298\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238d430\" data-id=\"238d430\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d54f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238d54f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238d5f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238d5f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238d76c\" data-id=\"238d76c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238d886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238d886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Understanding the 4.0 Industrial Revolution Impacts on How Students Aware of Opportunities and Challenges<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Nguyen Quoc Nghi, Le Thi Dieu Hien &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 263-267<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238d924 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238d924\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238dac1\" data-id=\"238dac1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238dbfd elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238dbfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study was conducted to assess the impact of understanding the 4.0 industrial revolution on students&#8217; perception of opportunities and challenges. The research data were collected from a survey of 416 students studying at universities in Vietnam. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the results showed that understanding about the 4.0 industrial revolution positively affects students&#8217; awareness of opportunities and challenges, in which students perceived the impact of challenges is higher than opportunities. Finally, the study proposed some recommendations to enhance students&#8217; understanding and awareness of the 4.0 industrial revolution.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 263-267\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nguyen Quoc Nghi <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Economics, Can Tho University<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Le Thi Dieu Hien <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Economics, Can Tho University<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBentler, P. M., &#038; Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of lit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBrabin, R,&#038; Nicholls, P.(2013). Embracing an ASEAN economic community: Are Thai students ready for the transition?.AU-GSB e-JOURNAL, 6(2), 3-10.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBrucks, M.(1985). The effects of Product Clas Knowledge: on Information Search Behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1-16.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCarmines, E. G., &#038; Mclver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing Models with Unobserved Variables. In G.W. Bohrnstedt,&#038; E.F. Borgatta (Eds.).Social Measurement: Current Issues. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tNguyen T. P. C., &#038; Tran T. P. T.(2017). The impact of understanding about ASEAN Economic Community on the youth\u2019s awareness of opportunities and challenges towards the participation of Vietnam.Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University,27, 1-12.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tFornell, C., &#038;Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tBenny, G.(2015). Is the ASEAN Economic Community Relevant To Gen Y Professionals? A Comparative Study on Attitudes and Participation of Young Professionals in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam on ASEAN Economic Integration. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 3(1),40\u201362.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tHair, J.F.,Tatham, R.L., Anderson, R.E.,&#038; Black, W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E.,&#038; Tatham, R. L.(2006). Multivariate data analysis(6th ed.). New Jersey:Pearson Prentice-Hall.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tHoelter, D. R. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325\u2013344.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tHoyle, R. H.(1995).Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Implications.CA: SAGE Publications.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKorchia, M.(2004). Connaissance de la marque: d\u00e9finition et mesures. In Actes de la Conf\u00e9rence de l\u2019AFM, Saint Malo.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tNunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw- Hill.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPeterson, R.(1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach&#8217;s alpha Coefficient Alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(2), 381-391.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tSalovey, P., &#038; Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence.Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSelnes, F., &#038; Gr\u00f8nhaug, K. (1986). Subjective and objective measures of product knowledge contrasted. Advances in consumer research, 13(1)<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSiegel, R. D., Germer, C. K.,&#038; Olendzki, A.(2009). A mindfulness: what is it? Where did it come from?. In Clinical Handbook of mindfulness. 17-35. NY: Springer Publishing.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tSlater, S.(1995). Issues in Conducting Marketing Strategy Research. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 3(4), 257-270.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tNguyen,D. T, &#038; Nguyen,T. M. T. (2011). Researching Marketing Science: Applying Structural Equation Modeling(2nd ed.). Ho Chi Minh: Labor Publishing House.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Nguyen Quoc Nghi, Le Thi Dieu Hien  &#8220;Understanding the 4.0 Industrial Revolution Impacts on How Students Aware of Opportunities and Challenges&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.263-267 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/263-267.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/263-267.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/understanding-the-4-0-industrial-revolution-impacts-on-how-students-aware-of-opportunities-and-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Understanding the 4.0 Industrial Revolution Impacts on How Students Aware of Opportunities and Challenges<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238e967 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"238e967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238ea3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238ea3a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238eba5\" data-id=\"238eba5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238ecb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238ecb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238ed50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238ed50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238eecc\" data-id=\"238eecc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238f054 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"238f054\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Disruptive Innovation as a Panacea for Sustainable Engineering Education in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Adeoye, I. A; Adanikin, A. &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 268-271<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-238f11c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"238f11c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-238f2a8\" data-id=\"238f2a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238f403 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"238f403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The pace of globalization in the world has brought about tremendous shifts and changes in every sector of the economy. This is also evident in the educational sector which has evolved over time from the traditional method of teaching experience to embracing of different technological advancement to create a teacher-learner friendly environment. However, much of these has not been experienced in the engineering education in Nigeria as students are still regimented to the traditional approach of learning experience as such, cannot compete effectively in the global market. It is due to this aforementioned that this study examined the role of disruptive innovation as a panacea for sustainable engineering education in Nigeria. A qualitative analysis approach was used to query engineering education in Nigeria and its readiness in embracing technological innovation for a cutting-edge teacher-learner experience. The diffusion of innovation theory model was utilized to understudy how individuals respond\/react to innovation when the adopters lack information or its potential benefits to them. The study therefore concluded that in order for engineering education in Nigeria to compete with global standards, there will be a need to invest heavily in research and development. It will also become imperative to learn, re-learn and adapt to innovative culture across boards. The study also recommends that manpower should be trained and taught the innovation processes and changes.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 268-271\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 09 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adeoye, I. A<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Business Administration and Marketing, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Adanikin, A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Civil &#038; Environmental Engineering, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAzhar, A. (2004). Pengenalan Pemikiran Kritis &#038; Kreatif. Skudai: PenerbitUTM Press.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBeanland, D. (2012). Engineering education: The need for transformation. Presentation to Engineers Australia, Melbourne, 19 July 2012.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBeanland, D., &#038; Hadgraft, R. (2010). Engineering education: Innovation and transformation. commissioned by UNESCO, 2010.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tBruyckere, P. de, Kirschner, P.A., &#038; Hulshof, C. D. (2015). Urban myths about learning and construct for learning. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning, 9(2), 10-22.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tChristensen, C. (1997). The innovator\u2019s dilemma. Boston, MA: HarvardBusiness School Press.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tChristensen, C. M., &#038; Raynor, M. E. (2003) The innovator&#8217;s solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Mass MA.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tEzeano, C. A. (2013). Science teaching for effective development in Nigerian schools. Portharcout, Nigeria: Ecnel Printing Press.<br \/>\r\n[8]\t  Hamad, J.A., Hasanain, M., Abdulwahed, M., &#038; Alammari, R. (2013). Ethics in engineering education: A literature review. Proceedings &#8211; Frontiers in Education Conference.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHiggins, S., Xiao, Z.,&#038; Katsipataki, M. (2012). The impact of digital technology on learning: A summary for the education endowment foundation. School of Education, Durham University.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tJanssen, D., Tummel, C., Richert, A., &#038; Isenhardt, I. (2016).Higher education \u2013 Immersion as a keyeducation. London: Elsevier (Academic Press)<br \/>\r\n[11]\tKamp, A. (2016). Engineering education in a rapidly changing world; Rethinking the vision for higher education. 4TU-Centre for Engineering Education<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKotsemir, M., Abroskin, A., &#038; Meissner, D. (2013).  Innovation concepts and typology \u2013 An evolutionary discussion. Higher School of Economics Research Paper, 1-49<br \/>\r\n[13]\tLitzinger, T.A.,Lattuca, L.R., Hadgraft, R.G., &#038; Newstetter, W.C. (2011). Engineering education and the developmentof expertise: Learning experiences that support the development of expert engineering practice. Journal of Engineering Education, 100, 123\u2013150<br \/>\r\n[14]\tLuo, J., Olechowski, A.L., &#038; Magee, C.L. (2014). Technology-Based Design as a Strategy for Sustainable EconomicGrowth. Technovation, 34, 663\u2013677<br \/>\r\n[15]\tMarjoram, T. (2013). Transforming engineering education for innovation and development \u2013 Apolicy perspective. The 4th International Research Symposium on Problem-Based Learning (IRSPBL) 2013<br \/>\r\n[16]\tMetcalfe, S. (2009).  OECD-UNESCO, 2009, keynote presentation at the, OECD-UNESCO International Workshop, \u201cInnovation for Development: Converting Knowledgeto Value\u201d, OECD, Paris, 28-30 January 2009, co-hosted by the OECD and UNESCO.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tNeboh, O. I. (2012). Effect of learning activitypackage (LAP) on male and femalestudents\u2019 achievement in secondaryschool biology. Journal of Science andComputer Education, 2 (1), 1-13.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tParashara, A.K., &#038; Parasharb. R. (2012). Innovations and curriculum development for engineeringeducation and research in India.International Conference on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (ICTLHE 2012) inconjunction with RCEE &#038; RHED 2012<br \/>\r\n[19]\tRogers, E.M. (2000). Diffusion of innovations. New York, NY, USA: Simon and Schuster.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tSujatha, A. (2017).Engineer education in India fails to impart requisite skills. Maps of India, Web, May 2017. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/society\/engineer-education-in-india-fails-to-impart-requisite-skills. India is in the middle of an engineering education crisis. The Economic Times.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Adeoye, I. A; Adanikin, A.  &#8220;Disruptive Innovation as a Panacea for Sustainable Engineering Education in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.268-271 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/268-271.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/268-271.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/disruptive-innovation-as-a-panacea-for-sustainable-engineering-education-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Disruptive Innovation as a Panacea for Sustainable Engineering Education in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23901bf elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23901bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2390288 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2390288\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23903f1\" data-id=\"23903f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239050d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239050d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2390757 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2390757\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2390904\" data-id=\"2390904\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2390a29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2390a29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Simplified Management Automation for RTO Using RFID<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ass.Prof Srisailanath, Prasanth L, Jagadeesh S N and Ravi Teja S &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 272-274<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2390ad4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2390ad4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2390c3d\" data-id=\"2390c3d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2390d5e elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2390d5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">nowadays many people are purchasing two wheelers, four wheelers etc. So the RTO employees having lot of work burden of making registration, License issue, transfer etc. which required lot of paper work. As a result people cannot get the things done in right time, which waste the time, energy. Similarly the vehicle owner sometimes forgets to carry the license, and forgets the insurance date at the time of enquiry. So to overcome these drawbacks we are developing an enhanced SM\u2019RTO\u2019 Management. We intend to provide an environment which gives a user friendly means to maintain documents. Administrator has the power to verify the data entered by the user, processing of data and provide appropriate solutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 272-274\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 10 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ass.Prof Srisailanath<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Prasanth L<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Jagadeesh S N <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ravi Teja S<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1].\tInternational Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) (May 2017).<br \/>\r\n[2].\tMPARIVAHAN SEWA (government of India ministry of roads transports and highways) Motor vehicles act 1988<br \/>\r\n[3].\tKiruthika. R, Amit Krishna. S \u201cAutomated Intellectual Road management System Using RFID Technology,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 6, no. 4,pp. 2321\u20133361, April 2016.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ass.Prof Srisailanath, Prasanth L, Jagadeesh S N and Ravi Teja S  &#8220;Simplified Management Automation for RTO Using RFID&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.272-274 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/272-274.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/272-274.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/simplified-management-automation-for-rto-using-rfid\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Simplified Management Automation for RTO Using RFID<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2391c29 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2391c29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2391d09 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2391d09\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2391e80\" data-id=\"2391e80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2391f9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2391f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2392035 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2392035\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23921ae\" data-id=\"23921ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23922cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23922cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Various Expressive Speech Acts on Sadana Agung&#8217;s Stand Up Comedy  Show on Kompas TV<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Doddy Rendra Pradipa, Suyitno, Muhammad Rohmdi &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 275-278<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2392369 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2392369\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23924dd\" data-id=\"23924dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239260b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"239260b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3721\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3721\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">nowadays many people are purchasing two wheelers, four wheelers etc. So the RTO employees having lot of work burden of making registration, License issue, transfer etc. which required lot of paper work. As a result people cannot get the things done in right time, which waste the time, energy. Similarly the vehicle owner sometimes forgets to carry the license, and forgets the insurance date at the time of enquiry. So to overcome these drawbacks we are developing an enhanced SM\u2019RTO\u2019 Management. We intend to provide an environment which gives a user friendly means to maintain documents. Administrator has the power to verify the data entered by the user, processing of data and provide appropriate solutions.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 275-278\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 11 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3722\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3722\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Doddy Rendra Pradipa<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Suyitno<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Rohmdi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nUniversitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3723\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3723\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tCreswell, John W. 2018. Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tDefina.2018. TindakTuturEkspresifpadaAnak-AnaksaatBermain Bola di Lapangan.Ranah: JurnalKajianBahasa. Volume 7 Nomor 1 Mei 2018.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tFaizah, Ati Rizki Nur. Rustono. Implikaur dalam Wacana Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Sesi 4 Dodit Mulyanto di Kompas TV. Jurnal Unnes:Jurnal Sastra Indonesia. Volume 6 Nomor 1 2017.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tLukens, Ronald. Zahn, Kristen Angelucci. The Linguistic Modeling Of Variation In Islam: Contructing Saussure\u2019s Concepts Of Langue And Parole To Religious Studies. Walisongo: Jurnal Peneliian Sosial Keagamaan. Volume 26 Nomor 1 2018.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tMahsun. 2012. Metode Penelitian Bahasa Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan Tekniknya. Jakarta : Rajawali Press.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tMulyana, Deddy. 2018. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Paradigma Baru Ilmu Komunikasi dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Bandung : PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tMundiri, Akmal. Tohet, Moch. Contesation Of Religions Identity in the Cyeber Word : A Case Study Of Arrahman.com And Voa Islam Dealing With Religious Oher On Facebook. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan. Volume 26 Nomor 2 2018.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tMusofa, Mokhamad Iklil. Chodzirin, Muhammad. Sayekti, Lina. 2019. Formulasi Model Perkuliahan Daring Sebagai Upaya Menekan Disparitas Kualitas Perguruan Tinggi. Walisongo: Journal of Information Teknology. Volume 1 Nomor 2 2019.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tSearle, John R. 1979. Expresion and meaning Studies in the theory of speech acts. New York: Cambrige University Press.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tYule, George (terjemahan Rombe Mustajab). 2006. Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Putaka Pelajar.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3724\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3724\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Doddy Rendra Pradipa, Suyitno, Muhammad Rohmdi  &#8220;Various Expressive Speech Acts on Sadana Agung&#8217;s Stand Up Comedy  Show on Kompas TV&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.275-278 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/275-278.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3725\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3725\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/275-278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3726\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3726\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/various-expressive-speech-acts-on-sadana-agungs-stand-up-comedy-show-on-kompas-tv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Various Expressive Speech Acts on Sadana Agung&#8217;s Stand Up Comedy  Show on Kompas TV<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393346 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2393346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2393409 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2393409\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2393583\" data-id=\"2393583\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239369d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239369d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239373b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239373b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23938aa\" data-id=\"23938aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393a39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2393a39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations in Service Industries in Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Uchenna, Onyemaechi &#038; Nkechi, Ikpeazu &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 279-285<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2393add elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2393add\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2393c64\" data-id=\"2393c64\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393d95 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2393d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The study examined emotional intelligence and interpersonal relations. Unethical behaviour of employees that arises as a result of emotion made this investigation necessary. The objectives of the study were; to determine the nature of relationship between self-awareness and empathy toward colleagues in the organization and to ascertain the nature of relationship between social skill and improved team work with-in the organization. To achieve the objectives, a survey research design was adopted.  The population of the study comprised of 167 staff of the selected deposit money banks and Taro Yamane formula was used to derive 118 as the sample size of the study. The techniques employed in analyzing the data were descriptive statistics and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. The results indicated that self-awareness has a positive and significant relationship with empathy toward colleagues in the organization and also social skill has a positive and significant relationship with improved team work with-in the organization. Based on the findings, the study concluded that emotional intelligence has relationship with interpersonal relations.  It was recommended among others that managers of deposit money banks need to deploy means of enhancing social skills and abilities of the employees through (seminars and workshop) in other to improve the level of team work and employees\u2019 involvement in the workplace.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 279-285\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Uchenna, Onyemaechi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Nkechi, Ikpeazu<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Management, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tBar-On, R (2000) Emotional and social intelligence: insights from the emotional quotient inventory, in R. Bar-On and J.D.A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of emotional intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tBlattner, B.B. and Bacigalupo, N. (2007) The Relationship between Employee Fit Perceptions, Job Performance, and Retention: Implications of Perceived Fit. http:\/\/www.springerlink.com. Accessed 20\/06\/18<br \/>\r\n[3]\tCarolyn, M., Yixin, J., Luke, E.R.B.,Kit,S.D.,micaela, B and Amirali, M. (2020). Emotional intelligence predicts academic performance: A meta-analysis of Austrialian Universities. Psychological Bulletin. Vol 146 (2), 150-186. http:\/\/dx,doi.org\/10.1037\/bu10000219<br \/>\r\n[4]\tCarson A.A and Carson, J. P (1998) Group Differences and Personnel Decisions: Validity, Fairness, and Affirmative Action. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 49(6) 122-158.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDivya, G (2019). Emotional Intelligence Training workshop and its impact on employee performance: An empirical evaluation. International and Engineering (IJRTE) Vol 8 (4) 2277-3878<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEllen M. J (2013) Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Executive Coaching on Leader Effectiveness &#8220;, Social Indicators Research, 22(1) 31 &#8211; 47.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tFletcher, C (2007) Job Satisfaction and Self-esteem: A Literature Review of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Self-esteem, Accessed 20\/02\/09 from: http:\/\/www.cgconsultoriaderh.com.<br \/>\r\n[8]\tGoleman, D. (1998) Working with emotional intelligence. London: Bloosbury Publishing,<br \/>\r\n[9]\tHillage C.C and Pollard, E. D (1998) Motivational Traits and Skills: A Person-Centered Approach to Work Motivation. Research in OrganisationalBehaviour, 19 (8) 1-56.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tJaeger, A. M (2003) Emotional Labour\u201d Conscientiousness and Obtenure as Predictors of Job Performance among University Administrative Workers in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of African and African American Studies. 7 (2) 28 &#8211; 38.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tJordan, N. and Troth, L. D. (2004) Peak Performance and Productivity\u201d Potchefstroom:<br \/>\r\n[12]\tKidd, R (2008) Management (6th ed) Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tMaria del Carmen, P.F, Maria del Mar, M.J, Jose, G.L (2019). Emotional Intelligence, self- efficacy and empathy as predictors of overall self-esteem in Nursing by years of experience. Frontiers in phychology. https:\/\/dio.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02035<br \/>\r\n[14]\tPool, A. and Sewell, S. O (2007) Evaluation of Job Performance of Employees in Public Sector organization. Journal of Management Studies. 24 (2) 120-134.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tPuffer, K. A (2011). Emotional intelligence as a salient predictor for collegians\u2019 career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment. 19(2)130-150.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSalim, N. and Nasir, L (2010) Relation of Employee and Manager Emotional Intelligence to Job Satisfaction and Performance, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 68(3) 461-473.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tSeri, S.B.A., Azlina, K and Yeo,K.J (2019). Emotional Intelligence among women; A systematic review. International Journal of Engineering and Advances Technology (IJEAT) Vol 8,(5) 32249-8958<br \/>\r\n[18]\tShafig,M. and Rana, A. R. (2016). Relationship of emotional intelligence to organizational commitment of college teachers in Pakistan. Eurasian Journal of Educational Resarch, 62, 1-14. http:\/\/dx.doi.org.\/10.14689\/ejer.2016.62.1.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tSuleman, Q., Hussain. I., Syed.MA, R, Lodhils, M.Z (2019). Association between emotional intelligence and academic success among undergraduates: A cross-sectional study in Kust, Pakistan. Plos one 14 (7): e0219468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0219468<br \/>\r\n[20]\tTsui-shuang, W., Chun-pao, I. and Chung-I, H. (2014). Emotional intelligence and interpersonal relationshis of college students in Southern Taiwan. Universal Journal of Management 2(8): 133-138. http:\/\/www.hrpub.org<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Uchenna, Onyemaechi &#038; Nkechi, Ikpeazu  &#8220;Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations in Service Industries in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.279-285 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/279-285.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/279-285.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/emotional-intelligence-and-interpersonal-relations-in-service-industries-in-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations in Service Industries in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2394b34 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2394b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2394c0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2394c0f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2394d7a\" data-id=\"2394d7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2394e8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2394e8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2394f2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2394f2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23950a0\" data-id=\"23950a0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23951b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23951b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Review on Enhancement of Fresh Water Production in Solar Still Using Phase Change materials<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Hasan Fathi Alwan &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 286-295<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2395251 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2395251\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23953f0\" data-id=\"23953f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239554b elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"239554b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Solar distillation uses the heat of the sun directly in a simple piece of equipment to purify water. The equipment, commonly called as solar still, consists primarily of a shallow basin with a transparent glass cover. The sun heats the water in the basin, causing evaporation. Moisture rises, condenses on the cover and runs down into a collection trough, leaving behind the salts, minerals, and most other impurities. The only nearly inexhaustible sources of water are the oceans, which is of high salinity. However, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to employ environmentally friendly energy sources in order to desalinate seawater. Phase change materials (PCM\u2019s) are widely used in different solar applications to store the solar radiations during sunny hours and releases the stored heat after sunset. Different phase change materials (Paraffin wax, ParaffinC18, Paraffin 52-58, Bees wax, Paraffin oil, Lauric acid, Stearic acid, Bitumen, Capric-palmitic, Calcium chloride hexa hydrate, Sodium Thiosulphate Penta hydrate etc.) have been used for different solar applications due to their various properties like low melting points, high heat of fusion and low cost. In solar distillation, use of PCM is simple and cost effective method to store the solar energy at high insolation hours and releases at evening\/night hours. In solar distillation phase change materials help to enhance the distillate output and its performance.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 286-295\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 12 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Abbas Sahi Shareef<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMechanical Engineering Department, University of Kerbala-Iraq<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Farhan Lafta Rashid<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPetroleum Engineering Department, University of Kerbala-Iraq<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>, Hasan Fathi Alwan<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nMechanical Engineering Department, University of Kerbala-Iraq<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tFarell, A.J., Norton.B., Kennedy, D.M., \u2015Corrosive Effects Of Salt Hydrated Phase Change Materials Used With Copper And Aluminum,\u2016 Journal of Material Processing and Technology, 175,198-205, 2006.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAbbas SahiShareef, FarhanLafta Rashid, HasanFathiAlwan \u201c Water solar distiller productivity enhancement using solar collector and phase change material (PCM)\u201d IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 671 no.1 (2020):1-13, doi:10.1088\/1757-899X\/671\/1\/012150.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Abbas SahiShareef, HasanFathiAlwan,\u201d Enhancement of Fresh Water Production in Solar Still Using New Phase Change Materials \u201c,Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 61, Issue 1 (2019): 63-72.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tAbbas SahiShareef, FarhanLafta Rashid and HasanFathiAlwan,\u201d EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NEW DESIGN SOLAR STILL IN KARBALA-IRAQI WEATHERS\u201d, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018: 1465\u20131472.<br \/>\r\n[5]\t FarhanLafta Rashid, Abbas SahiShareef, &#038;HasanFathiAlwan, \u201c Performance Enhancement of a New Passive Solar Still Design for Water Desalination\u201d, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, Vol. 43, No. 3,2020: 75-85.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tM.T. Chaichan, H.A. Kazem, \u2015Water solar distiller productivity enhancement using concentrating solar water heater and phase change material (PCM)\u2016, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 5, 151\u2013159, 2015.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tAbbas SahiShareef, FarhanLafta Rashid, AseelHadi and Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Water-Polyethylene Glycol\/ (SiC-WC) And (CeO2Wc) Nanofluids For Saving Solar Energy\u201d,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC &#038; TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 11 (2019).<br \/>\r\n[8]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, AseelHadi, Ammar Ali Abid, Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Solar energy storage and release application of water-phase change material &#8211; (SnO2-TaC) and (SnO2\u2013SiC) nanoparticles system\u201d, International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences ,Vol. 8, No. 2, (2019): 154-156 . DOI: 10.11591\/ijaas.v8i2.pp154-156<br \/>\r\n[9]\tAseelHadi, FarhanLafta Rashid, HasanQahtan Hussein and Ahmed Hashim, \u201c Novel of water with (CeO2-WC) and (SiC-WC) nanoparticles systems for energy storage and release applications\u201d, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 032059.doi:10.1088\/1757-899X\/518\/3\/032059<br \/>\r\n[10]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, AseelHadi, NahedaHumood Al-Garah, Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Novel Phase Change Materials, MgO Nanoparticles, and Water Based Nanofluids for Thermal Energy Storage and Biomedical Applications\u201d, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research 2018 Volume 8 , Issue 1: 46-56.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tFARHAN LAFTA RASHID, KHUDHAIR ABASS DAWOOD &#038; AHMED HASHIM,\u201d MAXIMIZING OF SOLAR ABSORPTION BY (TiO2-WATER) NANOFLUID WITH GLASS MIXTURE\u201d, International Journal of Research in Engineering &#038; Technology (IMPACT: IJRET) ,Vol. 2, Issue 1, (2014): 87-90.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tObaid, HN; Habeeb, MA; Rashid, FL; Hashim, A,\u201d Thermal energy storage by nanofluids\u201d,journal of engineering and applied sciences, vol.8, issue 5:143-145.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tAdil Mohammed Hashim , FarhanLafta Rashid and Ibrahim KaittanFayyadh,\u201d Preparation of Nanofluid (Al2O3-water) for Energy Storage\u201d, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC),Volume 5, Issue 3 ( 2013): 48-49.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tFarhanLafta Rashid , Hani NajmObaid , Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Energy output of Geopressured Geothermal Reservoir for Electricity Generation\u201d, British Journal of Science, Vol. 3 (2) (2012).<br \/>\r\n[15]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Ahmed Abdullettif, Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Geothermal Energy for Electricity Generation\u201d, British Journal of Science, Vol. 3 (2) ( 2012).<br \/>\r\n[16]\tFarhanLafta Rashid , AshwaqHilalMohamad and Ahmed Hashim,\u201d Power Production using Tidal Energy\u201d,British Journal of Science, Vol. 3 (2) ( 2012).<br \/>\r\n[17]\tHaiderNadhomAzziz Al Joda, Abbas SahiShareef, FarhanLafta Rashid,\u201d Experimental Investigation of the Heat Transfer for the Effect of Nanoparticles with Different Base Fluid and Solar Collector Tilt Angle\u201d, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(113):10614-10620.<br \/>\r\n[18]\t FarhanLafta, ShahidMahdy, AseelHadi, Ahmed Hashim, \u201cNovel of thermal energy storage and release: water\/ (SnO2 &#8211; TaC) and water\/ (SnO2 \u2013SiC) nanofluids for environmental applications\u201d, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering 454(012113):1-4.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tZahraa Hussein Obaid, FarhanLafta, Majeed Ali Habeeb, Ahmed hashim, AseelHadi, \u201cSynthesis of New Biomaterial Composite for Thermal Energy Storage and Release\u201d, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10(3), 2017.<br \/>\r\n[20]\tFarhanLafta, Abbas Sahi, Hassan A. J., \u201cThe experimental investigation of a flat plate solar collector using water as a heat transfer agent\u201d, Nova Science Publishers 2016.<br \/>\r\n[21]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, KhudhairAbassDawood&#038; Ahmed Hashim, \u201c Maximizing of Solar Absorption by (TiO2-Water) Nanofluid with Glass Mixture\u201d, International Journal of Research in Engineering &#038; Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan 2014: 87-90.<br \/>\r\n[22]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Nada Mohammed Hassan, JafarAqelMashot, Ahmed Hashim, \u201c Increasing water evaporation rate by magnetic field\u201d, International Science and Investigation journal 2(3), 2013: 61-68.<br \/>\r\n[23]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Ahmed Abdullettif, Ahmed Hashim, \u201cGeothermal Energy for Electricity Generation\u201d, British Journal of Science 3 (2), 2012: 118-130.<br \/>\r\n[24]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Muhammad AsmailEleiwi , HishamAssi Hoshi, \u201cDesign Study of Nanofluid Solar Absorption Refrigeration system\u201d, International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering &#038; Science 2 (6), 2013: 66-73.<br \/>\r\n[25]\tZalba B; Mar\u00edn J M; Cabeza L F and Mehling H, \u2015Thermal energy storage with phase change materials, heat transfer analysis and applications\u2016, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, pp: 251\u2013283, 2003.<br \/>\r\n[26]\tM. Ravi Kumar, M. Sridhar, S. Madhan Kumar, C. VigneshVasanth, \u2015Experimental Investigation of Solar water Desalination with Phase Change Material and TiO2, \u2016 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[27]\tS. Kalaivani, S. RugminiRadhakrishnan, \u2015Improvement of pyramid type solar still performance using wax latent heat material,\u2016 International Journal of Current Research and Review, Vol. 04 issue 19, pp:69-77, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[28]\tAbdel Hakim M. A. Hassabou, \u2015Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Supported Humidification-Dehumidification Solar Desalination System, \u2016 Munich Technical University, 2011.<br \/>\r\n[29]\tAsaadSalimBded, FarhanLafta Rashid, \u201c Effect of Multi Size Porous Media Properties on the Flow of Non-Darcy Regime\u201d Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 68, Issue 1,2020: 63-72.<br \/>\r\n[30]\tTamimYounos, Kimberly E. Tulou, \u2015Overview of Desalination Techniques, \u2016 Journal Of Contemporary Water Research and Education issue 132, pp: 3-10, 2005.<br \/>\r\n[31]\tMohammed WahhabAljibory, Farhan L. Rashid and Shahid M. Abu Alais,\u201d An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Annular Ribs in a Tube.\u201d IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 433 no. 1 (2018): 1-20.<br \/>\r\n[32]\tMohammed W. Al-Jibory , FarhanLafta Rashid, Shaheed Mahdi Talib,\u201d An experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Elliptical Passage Fitted with Different rib Geometries.\u201d International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 13 no. 9 (2018): 1033-1048.<br \/>\r\n[33]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Mohammed W. Al-Jibory, Shaheed Mahdi Talib,\u201d Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Augmentation in Elliptical Passage with Different rib Geometries and Aspect Ratios\u201d International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9 (13) (2018): 1390-1409.<br \/>\r\n[34]\tDr. FarhanLafta Rashid , Dr. HaiderNadhomAzziz, Dr. EmadQasem Hussein,\u201d Heat Transfer Enhancement in Air Cooled Gas Turbine Blade Using Corrugated Passages\u201d, Journal of Petroleum Research &#038; Studies, vol. (20) (2018): 52-69.<br \/>\r\n[35]\tMohammed W. Al-Jibory, FarhanLafta Rashid and ShahidMahdyTalib,\u201d Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Ribbed Elliptical Passage\u201d, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13 (17) (2018): 7223-7234.<br \/>\r\n[36]\tMohammed W. Al-Jibory, FarhanLafta Rashid, HasanQahtan Hussein,\u201d Cooling Enhancement in Gas Turbine Blade Rectangular Passages Using Circular Ribs\u201d, IEEE Communications Society Iraq Branch (2017): 163-168.<br \/>\r\n[37]\tArkanAltaie, Moayed R. Hasan, FarhanLafta Rashid,\u201d Numerical Investigation in a Circular Tube to Enhance Turbulent Heat Transfer Using Opened Rings-Triangular Cross Section\u201d, Journal of Babylon University\/ Engineering Sciences (2015).<br \/>\r\n[38]\tArkanAltaie, Moayed R. Hasan, FarhanLafta Rashid,\u201d Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Using Ribs with Middle Arm\u201d, Elixir International Journal (2015).<br \/>\r\n[39]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, ArkanAltaie, Moayed R Hasan,\u201dNumerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Using Ribs of Separated Ports Assembly\u201d, European Scientific Journal (2014).<br \/>\r\n[40]\tArkanAltaie, Moayed R. Hasan and FarhanLafta Rashid,\u201d Numerical Heat Transfer and Turbulent Flow in a Circular Tube Fitted with Opened Rings Having Square Cross Section\u201d, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 4 (11) (2014): 28-36.<br \/>\r\n[41]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, HasanQahtan Hussein, AsaadSalimBded, \u201cNumerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Wellbore\u201d, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 60, Issue 1 (2019) 60-70.<br \/>\r\n[42]\tHaiderNadhomAzziz, FarhanLafta Rashid, HasanQahtan Hussein,\u201d Simulation and Modeling of Tower Diesel Power Station in Samawah Using Finite Element Method with MATLAB and COMSOL Programs\u201d, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 671 (2020).doi:10.1088\/1757-899X\/671\/1\/012138<br \/>\r\n[43]\tMohammed W. Al-Jibory, FarhanLafta Rashid and ShahidMahdyTalib,\u201d Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Ribbed Elliptical Passage\u201d, Journal of<br \/>\r\nEngineering and Applied Sciences, 13 (17) (2018): 7223-7234.<br \/>\r\n[44]\tMohammed Wahhab AL-Jibory, FarhanLafta Rashid , HasanQahtan Hussein, \u201c Review Of Heat Transfer Enhancement In Air-Cooled Turbine Blades\u201d, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC &#038; TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 04, APRIL 2020.<br \/>\r\n[45]\tMohammed Wahhab AL-Jibory, FarhanLafta Rashid, ShaheedMahdyTalib, \u201cReview on Cooling Enhancement of Different Shape Gas Turbine Ribbed Blade with Thermal Barrier Coating\u201d, International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development\u2014Volume 3 Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2020.<br \/>\r\n[46]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, Falah Ali Jasim , AqelMashotJafar, \u201cReduce the Microwave Heating by Ceramic container for grain genetic mutation\u201d, International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering &#038; Science, 2 (9), 2013:  44-45.<br \/>\r\n[47]\tSocaciu, L.G., Leonardo Electr. J. Pract., \u2015Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Material, \u2016. pp:75\u201398., 2016.<br \/>\r\n[48]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, SamahZakiNaji,\u201dAn Experimental Study for the effect of Water in Crude Oil on its Rheological Properties and Flow Characteristics\u201d, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering579 (2019) 012053. doi:10.1088\/1757- 899X\/579\/1\/012053<br \/>\r\n[49]\tFarhanLafta Rashid, HaiderNadhomAzziz, Shaheed Mahdi Talib,\u201dExperimental Investigation of Drag Reduction by a Polymeric Additive in Crude Oil Flow in Horizontal Pipe\u201d, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 60, Issue 1 (2019): 15-23.<br \/>\r\n[50]\tEmadQasem Hussein, FarhanLafta Rashid, HaiderNadhomAzziz,\u201dAerodynamic Heating Distribution for Temperature Prediction of Fast Flying Body Nose Using CFD\u201d, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 64, Issue 2 (2019): 183-195.<br \/>\r\n[51]\tFarhanLafta Rashid , Auda J. Braihi , Ahmed Hashim, AkramJassimJawad,\u201d Drag Reduction of Iraqi Crude Oil Flow in Pipelines by polymeric Additives\u201d, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018: 1049-1060.<br \/>\r\n[52]\tFarhanLafta Rashid ,  Abdulsattar k. Abbas and Ahmed Hashim, \u201cTheoretical Analysis of Eccentric Flow of Cylindrical Bodies in Pipelines\u201d, British Journal of Science, 3 (2), 2012: 1-10.<br \/>\r\n[53]\tTelkes M, Raymond E., \u2015Storing solar heat in chemicals\u2014a report on the Dover house, \u2016. Heat Vent;46(11):80\u20136., 1949.<br \/>\r\n[54]\tAtul Sharma, V.V. Tyagi, C.R. Chen, D. Buddhi, \u2015Thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications, \u2016 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13. 318\u2013345., 2009.<br \/>\r\n[55]\tBelen Zalba, Jose M. Marin, Luisa F. Cabeza, HaraldMehling, \u2015Thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications, \u2016 Applied Thermal Engineering 23. 251\u2013283., 2003.<br \/>\r\n[56]\tManish K. Rathod, Jyotirmay Banerjee, \u2015Thermal stability of phase change materials used in latent heat energy storage systems, \u2016 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 18, 246\u2013258., 2013.<br \/>\r\n[57]\tMohammed M. Farid, Amar M. Khudhair, Siddique Ali K. Razack, Said Al-Hallaj, \u2015Phase change energy storage: materials and applications,\u2016 Energy Conversion and Management 45, 1597\u20131615., 2004.<br \/>\r\n[58]\tG.N. Tiwari, H.N. Singh, Rajesh Tripathi, \u2015Present status of solar distillation, \u2016 Solar Energy 75,.367\u2013373. 2003.<br \/>\r\n[59]\tD. W. Medugu, and L. G. Ndatuwong, \u2015Theoretical analysis of water distillation using solar still, \u2016 International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 4 (11), pp. 705-712., 2009.<br \/>\r\n[60]\tOmar Badran, \u2015Theoretical Analysis of Solar Distillation Using Active Solar Still, \u2016 International Journal of Thermal &#038; Environmental Engineering, Volume 3, No. 2, 113-120., 2011.<br \/>\r\n[61]\t R. Bhardwaj, M.V. ten Kortenaar, R.F.Mudde, \u2015Influence of condensation surface on solar distillation, \u2016 Desalination 326, 37\u201345., 2013.<br \/>\r\n[62]\tOmar Ansari, Mohamed Asbik, Abdallah Bah, AbdelazizArbaoui, Ahmed Khmou, \u2015Desalination of the brackish water using passive solar still with a heat energy storage system,\u2016 Desalination 324, 10\u201320., 2013.<br \/>\r\n[63]\tK. S. Reddy, and H. Sharon, \u2015Performance investigation of combined solar desalination and hot water system, \u2016 International solar energy society, 08 \u2013 12., 2015.<br \/>\r\n[64]\tM. Ravi Kumar, M. Sridhar, S. Madhan Kumar, C. VigneshVasanth, \u2015Experimental Investigation of Solar water Desalination with Phase Change Material and TiO2, \u2016 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), Vol-3, Issue-3, 2017.<br \/>\r\n[65]\tSagar Suresh Agrawal, \u2015Distillation of Water- Using Solar Energy with Phase Change Materials, \u2016 International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622., 2015.<br \/>\r\n[66]\tA.E. Kabeel, Y. A. F. El-Samadony, and Wael M. El-Maghlany, \u2015theoretical performance comparison of solar still using different PCM, \u2016 Twentieth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC20, 18-20., 2017.<br \/>\r\n[67]\tMousa Abu-Arabia, Mohammad Al-harahsheh, HasanMousa, ZobaidahAlzghoul, \u2015Theoretical investigation of solar desalination with solar still having phase change material and connected to a solar collector, \u2016 Desalination 448, 60\u201368., 2018.<br \/>\r\n[68]\tA. A. F. Al-Hamadani, S. K. Shukla, \u2015Water Distillation Using Solar Energy System with Lauric Acid as Storage Medium, \u2016 International Journal of Energy Engineering; 1(1): 1-8., 2011.<br \/>\r\n[69]\tS. Kalaivani, S. RugminiRadhakrishnan, \u2015Improvement of pyramid type solar still performance using wax latent heat material,\u2016 International Journal of Current Research and Review, Vol. 04 issue 19, pp:69-77, 2012.<br \/>\r\n[70]\tS.NagaSarada, BanothHimaBindu, Sri Rama Devi, and Ravi Gugulothu, \u2015Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials, \u2016 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 592-594, pp 2409-2415., 2014.<br \/>\r\n[71]\tRavi Gugulothua, Naga SaradaSomanchia, Sri Rama Devi, and HimaBinduBanoth, \u2015Experimental Investigations on Performance Evaluation of a Single Basin Solar Still Using Different Energy Absorbing Materials, \u2016 Aquatic Procedia 4, 1483 \u2013 1491.,2015.<br \/>\r\n[72]\tDnyaneshwarSonawane, OnkarJadhav, ManasiPatil, VishvajitJambuti, \u2015Enhancing Solar Still Productivity by Optimizing Angle of PCM Embedded Absorber Surface, \u2016 International Journal of Science Technology &#038; Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 2.,2015.<br \/>\r\n[73]\tP. Sundaram, R. Senthil, \u2015productivity enhancement of solar desalination system using paraffin wax, \u2016 International Journal Chem. Sci.: 14(4), 2339-23., 2016.<br \/>\r\n[74]\tBharat Kumar Patil, Sanjay Dambal, \u2015Design and Experimental Performance Analysis of Solar Still Using Phase Changing Materials and Sensible Heat Elements, \u2016 International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering &#038; Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016.<br \/>\r\n[75]\tAondoyilaKuhe, Alex OkibeEdeoja, \u2015Distillate yield improvement using a parabolic dish reflector coupled single slope basin solar still with thermal energy storage using beeswax, \u201d Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Issue 28, p. 137-146., 2016.<br \/>\r\n[76]\tMeysamFaegh, Mohammad BehshadShafii, \u2015Experimental investigation of a solar still equipped with an external heat storage system using phase change materials and heat pipes, \u2016 Desalination 409, 128\u2013135., 2017.<br \/>\r\n[77]\tMohammad Ali Pakdel, Mahdi Hedayatizadeh, Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, NaserNiknia, \u2015An experimental study of a single-slope solar still with innovative side troughs under natural circulation mode, \u2016 Desalination 422, 174\u2013181., 2017.<br \/>\r\n[78]\tA.E. Kabeel, A. Khalil, Z.M. Omara, M.M. Younes, \u2015Theoretical and experimental parametric study of modified stepped solar still, \u2016 Desalination 289, 12\u201320., 2012.<br \/>\r\n[79]\tT. Arunkumar, D. Denkenberger, AmimulAhsan, R. Jayaprakash, \u2015The augmentation of distillate yield by using concentrator coupled solar still with phase change material, \u2016 Desalination 314, 189\u2013192., 2013.<br \/>\r\n[80]\t S.A. El-Agouz, \u2015Experimental investigation of stepped solar still with continuous water circulation, \u2016 Energy Conversion and Management 86, 186\u2013193., 2014. <\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Abbas Sahi Shareef, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Hasan Fathi Alwan  &#8220;Review on Enhancement of Fresh Water Production in Solar Still Using Phase Change materials&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.286-295 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/286-295.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/286-295.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/review-on-enhancement-of-fresh-water-production-in-solar-still-using-phase-change-materials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Review on Enhancement of Fresh Water Production in Solar Still Using Phase Change materials<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2396397 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2396397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239645e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239645e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23965c7\" data-id=\"23965c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23966d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23966d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-239677c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"239677c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23968ec\" data-id=\"23968ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23969fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23969fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><i>Ex vivo<\/i> Determination of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Using Green Synthesized Magnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPS)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Muhd BK, Umar AA, Muhammad Y.,Kani YA., Iliya S., Wali U., Tahiru A., Abubakar UF, Shehu Z., Ahmed AY.10,  Zainab I &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 296-302<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2396ab6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2396ab6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2396c59\" data-id=\"2396c59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2396d82 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2396d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">The discovery and introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing into clinical medicine enable the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma, and further revolutionized the management of patients with prostate cancer. Among the current developments in molecular detection of PSA is ELISA. The current research aimed at synthesizing the magnetic Iron-oxide nanoparticles for detection (assay) of prostate specific antigen and comparing the results obtained with that of the ELISA technique. It provides new advancements in molecular detections of PSA using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles. The magnetites were green synthesized using blackberry leaves extract, FeCl<sub>2<\/sub>.4H<sub>2<\/sub>O and FeCl<sub>3<\/sub>.6H<sub>2<\/sub>O. Serum samples (n=30) were treated and subjected to both ELISA and magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles immunoassay techniques. Descriptive statistical analysis (\u03b1=.05) of T-test, chi-square and ANOVA using SPSS software package, reveals (p&lt;0.005) no significance difference between values generated from ELISA and magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles techniques. Thus, the null hypothesis which asserts that, there is no significant difference between ELISA and magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles in PSA assay fails to be rejected. It is therefore recommended that magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles be further exploited with regards to ex vivo determination of PSA and other tumor markers.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 296-302\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhd BK<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biotechnology Federal University Dutse PMB 7156, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Umar AA<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biotechnology Federal University Dutse PMB 7156, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Muhammad Y.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical pathology, Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital Dutse, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Kani YA.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Iliya S.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University Thika, Kenya<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Wali U.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Tahiru A.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical pathology, Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital Dutse, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Abubakar UF<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nPublic Health and Diagnostic Institute, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Shehu Z.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Ahmed AY.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Science Laboratory Technology, Jigawa State Polytechnic, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong> Zainab I<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Hematology and Blood Group Serology, Rasheed Shekoni Specialist Hospital Dutse, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAmutha, S. and Sridhar, S. (2018) Green synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of Glycosmis mauritiana and their antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Journal of innovations in pharmaceutical and biological sciences. Vol. 5(2) 22-26.<br \/>\r\n[2]\tArami, H., Stephen, Z., Veiseh, O. and Zhang, M., (2011) . Chitosan-coated Iron-oxide nanoparticles  for molecular imaging and drug delivery. Advances in Polymer Science. 243, 163-184.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tDavis, M.E, Chen Z.G, Shin D.M (2008) Nanoparticles therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7(9):771\u2013782.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDecuzzi, P. (2010) Size and shape effects in the biodistribution of intravascularly injected particles. J Control Release 141(3):320\u2013327.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tHamed, A., Amit, K., Denny, L., Kannan, M. K. (2015) In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles, Chemical Society Reviews. Pp1-70.<br \/>\r\n[6]\tKhlebtsov, N. and Dykman, L. (2011). Biodistribution and toxicity of engineered gold nanoparticles: a review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Chem Soc Rev. 40, 1647-1671.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tKrishnan, K. M., (2010) A Spin Through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy,&#8221; in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46 (7) pp. 2523-2558<br \/>\r\n[8]\tLu, M., Cohen, M. H.  Rieves, D. and Pazdur, R. (2010). FDA report: Ferumoxytol for intravenous iron therapy in adult patients with chronic kidney disease. American Journal of Hematology 85, 315-319.<br \/>\r\n[9]\tLundwall A, Lilja H. (1987). Molecular cloning of human prostate specific antigen cDNA, FEBS Lett 214: 317-22.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tMahmoudi, M. Sheibani, S. Milani, A. S.  Rezaee, F. Gauberti, M. Dinarvand, R. and Vali, H. (2015) Nanomedicine, , 10, 215-226.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tRosen, E., Chan, L, Shieh, D.B. and Gu, F. X. (2012) Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine. 8, 275-290.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tTorchilin, V.P. (2014) Multifunctional, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticulate systems for drug. Nat Rev Drug Discov. Nov;13(11):813-27.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tVashi, A.R and Oesterling, J.E, (1997) Percent Free Prostate Specific Antigen: Entering a New Era in the Detection of Prostate Cancer. Mayo Clio Proc, Vol 72 p337-345.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tWatt K.W, Lee P.J, M\u2019Timkulu T, Chan WP, Loor R. (1986) Human prostate specific antigen: structural and functional similarity with serine proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 3166-70.<br \/>\r\n[15]\tZhang W-M, Leinonen J, Kalkkinen N, Dowell B, Stenman U-H (1995) Purification and characterization of different molecular forms of prostate specific antigen in human seminal fluid. Clin Chem 41: 1567-73.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Muhd BK, Umar AA, Muhammad Y.,Kani YA., Iliya S., Wali U., Tahiru A., Abubakar UF, Shehu Z., Ahmed AY.10,  Zainab I  &#8220;Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations in Service Industries in Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.296-302 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/296-302.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/296-302.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/ex-vivo-determination-of-prostate-specific-antigen-psa-using-green-synthesized-magnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-ionps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and Interpersonal Relations in Service Industries in Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2397aef elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2397aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; preserveAspectRatio=&#039;none&#039; overflow=&#039;visible&#039; height=&#039;100%&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0 24 24&#039; fill=&#039;black&#039; stroke=&#039;none&#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E&quot;);\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2397bb6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2397bb6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2397d1f\" data-id=\"2397d1f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2397e2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2397e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2397ed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2397ed1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2398035\" data-id=\"2398035\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239813e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"239813e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Survey of Population Growth on Urban Marshlands and Environment of Southern Nigeria<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\n<strong>Ubani Princewill, Naabura Macwilliam Kingdom, Bumaa Felix Neeka &#8211; April 2020 &#8211; Page No.: 303-309<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23981d6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23981d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-239835a\" data-id=\"239835a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2398497 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"2398497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Abstract<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3731\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3731\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\">Now the strategies and challenges of land use development in swampy land is one of the most frequent contemporary issues generated by population pressure in this era. The article consequently surveyed population growth on urban marshlands and environment of south- south Nigeria. The questionnaire approach was active for acquisition of relevant information from the occupants while regression, mathematical percentage and standard deviation held the research analysis. The result demonstrated that sprawling or urbanization (t =13.354, P=0.001 <0.05), and stood as the most persuasive and deriving mechanism that encourage desertification of marshlands in significant urban centre of south -south Nigeria. Industrialization (t = 11.233, P =0.00<0.05), population (t =7.895, P =0.001), housing development (t = 7.737, P = .001), urban food security (t =3.421, P =.003) and demand for fossil fuel (t =2.976, p = 000.) are the significant causes of built-up preserved swamplands areas of major cities in south-south Nigeria. The suggestion detailed that successive government must ensure that at least, all local government administrative headquarters are upgraded to township status via a legislative tool which must direct a measure to relocate most of the urban land activities that attract high population to government headquarters upgraded to township status.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><i class=\"fa fa-clone\"><\/i> Page(s): 303-309\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<i class=\"fa fa-calendar \"><\/i> Date of Publication: 13 May 2020<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3732\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3732\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Ubani Princewill<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning, Kenule Beeson Saro &#8211; wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Naabura Macwilliam Kingdom<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Estate Management,  Kenule Saro &#8211; Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><span class=\"html-tag\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>\u00a0<strong>Bumaa Felix Neeka<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\r\nDepartment of Architecture, Kenule Beeson Saro &#8211; Wiwa Polytechnic Bori, Nigeria<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" aria-expanded=\"false\">References<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3733\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3733\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">[1]\tAsad,  Sana  and Muhammad (2014) \u2018\u2019evaluated population growth and its effect on urban Extension: A case of BahawalpuriPkistan\u2019\u2019 universal journal of geosciences 2(8) 229-241<br \/>\r\n[2]\tAjibola, A. B. A and Ijasan, K. C.  (2012)\u2019\u2019 Effects Of Urbanization On Lagos Wetlands\u2019\u2019 International Journal Of Business And Social Science 3 (17)  1-9.<br \/>\r\n[3]\tBasil, U. E. (2015)\u2019\u2019 The Adverse Impacts of Population Pressure and Agricultural Change on the Environment of South Eastern Nigeria: A Review\u2019\u2019 Corpus ID:35507069.<br \/>\r\n[4]\tDave Hirschman (2011)\u2019\u2019Direct and Indirect Impacts of Urbanization on Wetland Quality\u2019\u2019 Wetlands and Watersheds  Center for Watershed Protection 8390 Main Street, 2nd Floor Ellicott City, MD 21043 www.cwp.org.<br \/>\r\n[5]\tDigha,  Imaitor, Ariwadum, and  Osuji, (2018)\u2019\u2019 influence of population growth on land use in calabar urban\u2019\u2019 Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Science 4(1) 01-14<br \/>\r\n[6]\tEster,B., Nicolas,K., and George, A. (2014) \u2018\u2019The condition of Agricultural growth\u2019\u2019 :The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressur\u2019\u2019 1- 108.<br \/>\r\n[7]\tHouis G. E.  (1990)\u2019\u2019Environmental impacts of development on wetlands in arid and semi-arid lands\u2019\u2019 Journal Hydrological Sciences 35 ( 4) 411-428<br \/>\r\n[8]\tLeke, O.(2009)\u2019\u2019 Challenges of Sustainable Physical Planning and Development in Metropolitan Lagos\u2019\u2019 Journal of Sustainable Development 2(1)<br \/>\r\n[9]\tMatthew P. M. and Helen A. Houghton-Carr (2009)\u2019\u2019Working Wetland Potential: An index to guide the sustainable development of African wetlands\u2019\u2019 Natural Resources Forum 33, 99\u2013110.<br \/>\r\n[10]\tQinyuqian and Junquioa (2012)\u2019\u2019 International Conference on Future Electrical Power and Energy Systems (ICFEPES 12):The Problems of Wetlands in Our Country and the Researches   Institute of Education and Institute of Technology, Sanya -China\u2019\u2019 Energy Procardia volume 17 (Part B) 1-8.<br \/>\r\n[11]\tOluwole, S. (2013)\u2019\u2019 Physical Development Tools and Planning Strategies in Lagos State, Nigeria: An Assessment\u2019\u2019 Architecture and Environment 1(2)29-36.<br \/>\r\n[12]\tPeter, H. T.A., and Veldkamp, J.B. (1999)\u2019\u2019 Land use change under conditions of high population pressure: the case of Java \u2018\u2019 Global Environmental Change 9 (4)   303-312.<br \/>\r\n[13]\tRob,M.B.(2010)\u2019\u2019Urban Development, Biodiversity And Wetland Management:  Wildlife Service Training Institute, Naivasha, Kenya\u2019\u2019    Expert Workshop Report    1-57.<br \/>\r\n[14]\tStella, N. G.(2010) \u2018\u2019Impact of Residential Development on Urban Wetlands: The Case of Watiti Wetland, Kangemi Estate, Nairobi County\u2019\u2019  Studio Report  1-69<br \/>\r\n[15]\tSithole, A. and Goredema, B.(2013)\u2019\u2019Building in Wetlands to Meet the Housing Demand and Urban Growth in Harare\u2019\u2019 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science  3 ( 8 ) 1-9.<br \/>\r\n[16]\tSarbapriya, R., Shyampur, S. M. and Ishita, A. (2011)\u2019\u2019 Impact of Population Growth on Environmental Degradation: Case of India\u2019\u2019 Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2 (8) 72 -77.<br \/>\r\n[17]\tTsihrintzi, V.A.(1999)\u2019\u2019 Protection of wetlands from development impacts\u2019\u2019 Transactions on Ecology and the Environment 27, 274-282.<br \/>\r\n[18]\tYangfan, L., Xiaodong, Z., Xiang, S. and Feng, W. (2010)\u2019\u2019 Landscape effects of environmental impact on bay-area wetlands under rapid urban expansion and development policy: A case study of Lianyungang, China\u2019\u2019\u2002Landscape and Urban Planning 94(3-4)218-227.<br \/>\r\n[19]\tZalidis, A. L. M. and Eleni, G.(1997)\u2019\u2019 Environmental impacts on Greek wetlands\u2019\u2019 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  17(3) 339-345.<\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Cite<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3734\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3734\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\">Ubani Princewill, Naabura Macwilliam Kingdom, Bumaa Felix Neeka  &#8220;Survey of Population Growth on Urban Marshlands and Environment of Southern Nigeria&#8221; International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) vol.7 issue 4, pp.303-309 April 2020 URL: https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/303-309.pdf<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Text PDF<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3735\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3735\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/digital-library\/volume-7-issue-4\/303-309.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/journals\/ijrsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"89\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Enhanced Article (HTML)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3736\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3736\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/survey-of-population-growth-on-urban-marshlands-and-environment-of-southern-nigeria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Survey of Population Growth on Urban Marshlands and Environment of Southern Nigeria<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2399244 elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2399244\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\" style=\"--divider-pattern-url: url(&quot;data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=&#039;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; 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